RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT

1098 8495

U . B. IJTPFCHT ASU

f, Q 4 ? [j I

ALPHA B E TI C A L LIS T

OF THE

MIK A DOS AM) SHOGUNS

OF

A.3Sr

AS ALSU

AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE YEAR-TITLES OR A EN-GO

ADOPTED DURING THEIK REIGN BY

Gr. SCHLEGEL.

CliroDological lists of the sovereigns of Japan have been published by several authors, as by Kaempfer, De Guignes, in liis «Histoire générale des Huns», Von Siebold in his «Nippon Arcliiv», the Marquis d'Hervey de St. Denys in his «Ethnographic des peuples étrangers a la Chine» published in the «Atsume Gusa»,in Mr. Reed's «Japan», anil lately in the valuable «Manuel d'Histoire, de Généalogie et de Chronologie de tous les états du Globe» (Vol. 1, p. 217—227) published by Mr. A. M. H. J. Stokvis. Unfortunately, in most of these lists, the Chinese characters represented by the transcription are omitted , and as no standard alphabet has been as yet adopted, each writer

ronds tan bshoeve van (ndoiogischo Studiën aan do Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht

G. SCH LEG K I..

transcribed them according to his own familiar alphabet, so that the most ludicrous confusion reigus in these names, which are in some cases quite unrecognizable.

To give a single example from the lists of Von Siebold and Reed. These authors write the following Nengo in this fashion, not being

and Reed three, vi:.: Jo, Shio and S/io.

How is an author on history, neither knowing Japanese nor Chinese, to find his way in such a Babel?

It is true, and Von Siebold warns against it in a note to his Nengo, that the pronunciation of the Chinese characters differs very much in the different provinces of Japan, but this was a reason the more for later authors, never to publish such a list without adding the Chinese characters. Von Siebold could not do it, as there

JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NI4NGO. 3

was in his time uo font of Chinese charcicters in the Netherlands, but still he has given a lithographed table of Japanese history and chronology which enables the student to correct the mistakes in his transcription. But the other authors did the same, so that a new and correct list is no superfluity; especially as the lists published hitherto present the greatest divergencies and some bewildering errors which, repeated by historical writers, not knowing the Chinese or Japanese language, are thus for ever propagated.

For example the period A. D. 1441-1443 was dubbed Ka-kifn

^ ) «Fortunate luck».

It is named as such on page 99 of Von Siebold's lists of Nengo; but on page 73 of the same work, the year 1441 is called Kn-rok, which would be . the designation of the period 1225—1226.

The Shogun lye-initu (1G23—1049) is called in Chinese Ta yew kurxj. Both the Japanese tables used by Von Siebold and the lately published Japanese synchronistic tables have distinctly, in several entries, the ch. yew. Von Siebold, however, seems to have mistaken this character for that of a vulgar form of the ch.

Incn, which is pronounced ken in Japanese, and he, consequently, calls this Shogun «Diiï-^f// kun» instead of «Daï-y» ko», which error has, of course, been since repeated over and over again ')■

\on Siebold calls the I^s' Mikado of the northern dynasty Kwami-yen (7^ «Kwo (j!mn. The work «Le Japon a I'exposition uni-verselle de 1878», compiled by the Shushi kuwati or «Direction des travaux historiques», writes this name Kinoooqon. Of course it is «Kwo aem as Mr. Reed rightly transcribes. Von Siebold equally transcribes the ch. by geu in Oen in knn (1. c. p. 84 amp; fol. 23).

I) We note besides that Uai-ken would signify nothing, whilst dai-in means quot;thegreat plan or doctrine of ordering the universe». We read in the Chow-kwau: ^

-We ought to follow the former great doctrines», or, as the commentary says; quot;We ought fo observe the great doctrines of antiquity,, ( ^ )|Jfj ^

4 G. SCHLEGKL.

Murd-kcvni 1 (A. D. 947- 067) is called in Chinese _tl Ts'un shaiuj), as well in the TjS used by Von

Siebold (twice), as in the Jap. synchronistic tables fyj ^ ^ (tlirice), which I have used. By a very common mistake, De Guignes has interchanged this character with that of futif/ and, consequently, names this prince Füna tchang, probably induced in error by Ma Tivan-liu who, equally, writes ^ h ').

The beforementioned {Sin sen nen hi/au), newest

edition of the Synchronistic tables of the History of Japan, China and the West, compiled by lló-kokü Miitikxm ( ^ ït' 'f'p ), first published in 1855, and reprinted in 1872, carries us to the year 1871 till the peace concluded between France and Prussia. This work, a masterpiece of xylographic art, I have found very accurate, and I have not hesitated to follow it almost implicitly. It presents, here and there, discrepancies with the lists hitherto published, and we, therefore, think it useful to note them here, so that the possessors of the works in which these lists occur in chronological order may correct them.

The lists of the Emperors or Mikados is in general correct with the exception of a few dates.

So, according to the Japanese tables, the second Mikado, Sui-seï jim, did not come to the throne in B. C. 584, as the fore-mentioned authors say, but only in B. C. 581. It is true, Xin-mu, his predecessor, died in B. C. 585, 127 years old: but he had previously, in B. C. 619. taken his son Zln-te'i, named Nuna-gawa .\fimi-rio rnikoto, as his coadjutor ( jjf Je. quot;7quot; 'I'll' ill

). This prince murdered, in B. C. 582, bis elder brother S/tau-jjen url nnntj (Tagisi-mimi-no mikoto) and proclaimed himself emperor of Japan ( 0 ^ -p ^ ^ '0$ fl'l if. )•

1) Ma Twan-lin is wrong, for in Japanese Mura means a village = Chin, . and Kami ( = h ) means Superior, Ruler.

JAPANESE KMPKROUS AND NKNGO. 5

Ten-di (lid not come to the throne till A, D. 568,

although he administrated the empire since 5G2, which date is given by our predecessors as that of his accession to the throne. We find under the date A.D. 562 the remark: k quot;f 'PkX * lift ifflj .t|i 'j' ^eThe prince iniperial Nctka-}/// Oiyé mlmiiiistrates in simple dress the affairs of the army and the state», and only in 568 his accession to the throne.

After Mura-kami 17, in A.D. 1369, Von Siebold and Stokvis mention a Mikado called Hiro-iKiri or Tyau-kei, who should

have reigned from 1369 to 1373. The Jap. synchr. tables do not mentiou this emperor; but jdace in the year 1368 the accession to the throne of Kame-yama //, who reigned till 1392 and was succeeded by Ko-main 11 ( ^ ^ ^ _wi_]0 reigned from 1393 to 1412. Von Siebold and Stokvis have instead: Kame-yama //, 1374—1412.

Higasi-yama (A. 1). 1687—1709), called in Chinese M ill Tiniq-shan {Tó-sayi), is called by Deguignes Kin-charn (ér LÜ '•)•

In the lists ol the fehogutis, well find still more discrepancies, especially in the dates. De Guignes felt this already, and remarked in a note that the dates of Kaempfer did not always appear reliable to him. We will see that such is the ease.

On fol. 4 of the Jap. Synchr. tables is found a genealogy of the Shoguns of Japan, in which after Clnng-liaiui I ^ ) or Nari-yusi, inmediately follows J-mwan or Yosi-initü, who assumed

the Shogunship in the first year of the period Wau-m. (|(g ^-) corresponding to the year A.D. 1368, which date is in accordance with the previous lists. Taka-udi (1334 - 1358) and Yosi-nori ') (1359 -1367) are not mentioned by our Japanese author as Shoguns, though they are so in the Nippon rekl-dai nen-ketn ^ i^-. In the Chinese text published by Von Siebold, Taka-udi is called vijf fjT Yüau-tmn-slii, and Yusi-nori l-tsiuau.

1) Deguignes calls him Yod-yaki.

G. SC H LOG EL.

Fquot;osi-nari ( Yosi-masu) (■hing) became Shoguu in 1449

lt; Wc ^ a ) aud resigned ou account of liis

age iu 1473 ( quot;ij H $k 3(t)-

Yosi-mif/i II () became Sliogun in A.D. 1494 (^ m a h ^ ft m m ), and not in 1493, and died on the 14^ of the S^¹ month of the S^¹ year of the period Yeï-s-yau

( ïH IE A ^ ^ quot;h Pi] 0 ^A-^D- ¹⁵¹¹- ^{He was} Shogun

till the year 1507 and not 1508 as Stokvis has.

Yosi-naru reigned till 1545, not 1546 as Mr. Stokvis says. The usurpator Yost-naga (J chang) is said by Mr. Stokvis to have reigned from 1565-1568. He is neither mentioned by Von Siebold nor in the Jap. synchr. tables.

Besides, Von Siebold, after the Jap. chronol. tables, says that Yosi-naga was already murdered in 1561 by Hisa-hide (Nippon Archiv, Vol. TV, Part III, p. 78 and fol. 22: ^ ^ fit Ü H ) and the . entry of 1561.

But, ou the other hand, it mentions the Shogun I-ying (Yost sfisa), grandson of l-vlnng (Y osi suuri) aud eldest son of I-wei, who assumed the Shogunship in the ll^t'¹ year of the period Yei-rokü (1568) and died in the 9^tl1 month of that year

« M « fi »)ü -5 r '!•;. 'i ft

Vide: ^ ^ ^ [it ^ ^{Ho was} succeded by I-rhao

() or Yosi-aki. I-ying is not mentioned by either Von Siebold or Stokvis.

Tdira Nohv-naga (^p* ^ -]?S ) became Shogun in 1574, and not in 1573 as Mr. Stokvis says. He was murdered in 1582 by Ake.ti Mitn-hide together with Nohn-lada (i(|j f,¹ -7^ fit fê M ivi ^ , Nippon Arcliiv, I.e. fol. 22). Ho is not mentioned as Shogun, nor even as usurpator, in these tables; neither is San-haii-si ( amp; 0i]j )■ it is true, the latter was named by Hide-yosi as his successor in 1582 ( T fit ± = amp; m ■ Nippon Archiv,

JAPANESK KMPEIiORS AND NKNGO. 7

1. c. p. 80 and fol. 22), but he never reigned as Shoguu. Nubu-naga was succeeded in 1586 by Fimg-shin-siv-kieh or

'lai-Jcau sama\ he reigned till 1590, and was succeeded in 1591 by Siu-tsz'e (3$ -X) ^or Hide-tugu (1591-1595). Stokvis makes Tdi-hau sarna reign from 1587 —1598.

Ddi-ken-ko (^C j|| ^), called in the Japanese lists Dai-yu-hó (A tic4V). reigned from 1623 to 1649, and not 1651 as Mr. Stokvis says. It is true, he died in 1651, but he was already replaced by the Shogua lye Tuna ku ( /jg ^|quot; ) iu 1650.

lye ^Til9quot; kfj ( ^ ^.) reigned from 1 713 -1716, and not 1715 as Mr. Stokvis says. He was succeeded in the same year by Yosi-unme.

lye-sige ku is said by Mr. Stokvis to have been Sliogun

from 1 lt;45 — 1760. According to the Jap. synchr. tables, he reigned from 1745 1762, and died in the same year when lye-liaru kó (^ fj] £■) threw himself up as Shogun, nl. in the 12^th year of the period Hav-relï ( ^ ). which corresponds to the year A.D. 1762. Mr. Stokvis equally places the beginning of the reign of this Shogun in 1760. lye-nari kó ( ^ ^ ) was Shogun from 1787 —1837, not 1836 as Mr. Stokvis lias. His successor lye-yox

reigned

from 1838-1853 (Mr. Stokvis has 1837-1852). fye-scula kó (^ ^V) ^Wils Shogun from 1853-1858 (Mr. Stokvis has 1853-1857).

I he last Shogun, Yosi-hisa, became it in 1866 and resigned in 1867. Mr. Stokvis says 1867 ami 1868; but the Japanese tables place these dates in the 2^d and 3^d year of the period Kéi-wau (lü I®). ^w1gt;ich correspond to the years 1866 and 1867. Under the latter date, the tables bear the notice t}^- jJT ^

fè tir, amp; / i : p % m . »'1 he Shogun resignes his office, the royal reign is restored as before. Yedo is changed to Tokioquot;.

According to Mr. Reed's »Japanquot; the resignation was offered the 19 Nov. 1867, but it was only accepted the 3^d January of the year 1868 (op. cit. p. 276), but the 3^d Jan. 1868 corresponded to the

8 O. SCHLEGEl,.

lO¹'¹ of the 12^tl1 Japanese month, and was thus reckoned by the compiler of the Synchronistic tables to belong still to the year 1867.

We have noticed also the following errors in the list ofNengo published by Mr. Stokvis. The period Ken-tokü (||| |jgi) began with the year A. D. 1370 and not 1371 as in Mr. Stokvis's list. The year A. D. 1441 was called Ka-kitn () and not Ka-rokïi ()j^ ) as Mr. Stokvis, after Von Siebold, says. For the year 1848 we find in the list of Mr. Stokvis Ko-yéi instead of Kn-ya ) and

the designation of the period 1860 is Man-yen (^}}_} ) and not Man-ye'i as in the list of Mr. Stokvis. It is therefore no superfluity if these lists are again, and now correctly, reprinted. The lists given by Von Siebold only carry us to the year A.D. 1822, and the «Nippon Archiv» in which they have been published, is now quite out of print, costs a large sum of money, and besides, is of an unwieldy folio size, most unhandy to consult.

We have followed in our alphabetical lists the Chinese pronunciation of the characters, and not the Japanese one, as Von Siebold did: firstly because, as Von Siebold himself remarks, the dialectical pronunciation varies immensely '), and secondly because the year-names are always cited, even in Japanese works, in the Chinese character, the mandarin pronunciation of which is known by every Sinologue.

The spelling of the Japanese words is according to the system adopted at the first Congress of Orientalists held in Paris in 1873, and Prof. Leon tie Rosny had the kindness to correct the proofsheets to this effect.

1) Da die .rahrnaraen durchgangig Schinesische Wörter sind, die in Japan, je nach dem einen oder anderen vorherrschenden Dialect, nicht von Allen gleich ausgesprochen werden, so kommt in das alphabetische Verzeichniss derselben, wo bios auf ihre Ausspraclie lliicksicht genommen werden soli, manches Schwankende, was bei der Schreihnng mittels der schinesischen Charaktere nicht statt hat.

CHRON OLOGJCAL LIST

OF THE

311 KA DOS AM) SHOGUNS

J~ -A- JP A. KT.

I.

'Die Mikiulos.

KamYamatoIva-are hiko(Zin-muTen-wo){ ^ ^ Ö) G60 —585

Kami-nuna-gava-mimi no-mikoto 581—549

Siki-tu-hiko Tama-de-mi-no-mikoto 548—511

Uho-yamato-hiko yuki tomo-no-mikoto ^ ÉÉ ) 510- 477

Mi-matu-hiko Kaë-sine-no-mikoto ( ^ ]|£J) 475—393 Oho-YamatoTai'asi-hikoKuni-osi-hito-uo-mikoto( ^ ) 392 - 291

Obo-Yamato Neko-hito Futo-ni-no mikoto ' ^Ül) 290 -215

Oho-1 amato Neko liito Kuni Kuruno mikoto (TC ) ^14_158

aka-\amato Neko-hiko Futo-hibino-mikoto ( j'ij 'iV,) 157 — 98

Mi-maki Iri-hiko Ini-yeno mikoto 97 — 30

Iku-me Iri-biko Isati-no mikoto 1 ■) 29_70AD

A. I).

Oho-tarasi-hiko O-sirowake-nomikoto (y^'TT) 71_130')

Waka-tarasi-hiko ( ^ ^ ) 131 -190

rarasi-naka-tsu-biko ( iquot;'!' ) 192—^00

Iki-naga-tarasi-bime-no-mikoto[Empress]( ^ 201—269¹)

¹

According to Chin, historians, we find this princcss named [IPimi/ju = Himé-miko i.e. xjrinceas. She is said to have reigned from A i). 201—240, and was succeeded by the princess Y-yu ( fli? ) 240—209.

10 G. SCHLEGEL.

A.I).

Hondano-miko ( KH'(jg ) 270 —310

Olio-sasagi-uo-mikoto ( fü 313-899

Isavo-wako-no-mikoto ('f'l¹) 400 — 405

Mitü-va-wako-no mikoto ( ït ) 406 -411

Wo-atsuma-no-wakako-no-sdkune ( yt, ) 412 —453 •^,)

Ana-fo-no-mikoto Jjt) 454—456

Oho-hasuse-no-mikoto ( §) 457 — 479 ')

Siraea-take-hiro-kuni Osi-waka-yamato neko-no-

D ^

mikoto ( jfp| 480 -484

Ohoke-no-mikoto ( Ül tt? ) 485 — 487

Oho-asi-azana Simano-iratüko {^2. ^ ) 488—498

Wo-hasse Waka-sasagi ( ?!■!) 499 —506 •)

Wo-ofu-atono-uükoto (Hiko-fudono-mikoto) (HS ifH) 507 — 531

Interregnum from 531—-534.

Hiro-kuni Osi-take Kaua-hi-no-mikoto [^c]) 534 — 535

Take-wo Hiro kuni Osi-tate-no-mikoto ^ ) 536 —539^i:)

Amekuni Osi-hiraki-hiro-niva-no-mikoto Hj] ) 540 — 571

Nuna-kura-fudo Tama-siki-no-mikoto 572 — 585

Tatibana uo Toyo-hino-inikoto (m m ) 586-587 .

llatsusebe-uo-mikoto ( ^- l^) 588 — 592 Toyo-mike-kasigi-ya-hiiueno-mikoto [Empress] ( ) 593 -628')

3) Accoriling to Chin, historians, this emperor, also called J'san (jjp ), reigned from 412—130 and was succeeded by his younger brother C/iin ( ) 430—444, and 7« ( )

444—45;3_i named General pacifier of the East, sovereign of Japan (

4) This emperor died in 453, and was succeeded by his son Hmg { P[.) 457—477, who was again succeeded by his younger brother lf^ru ( ) 477—479. The Japanese tables place from 457—479 the reign of Hiung-lioh, and place

5) JFu-lieh from 499—506.

6) The Chin. Historians also call this Mikado T^lien-kwoh pai-kai kwang-tiny t'ien

7) According to Chin, historians, we find instead of this princess the emperor Ngo-mw ( |5|lJ surnamed Toliszepiku ( ^lj dUk ) ^with the title Ngo-pcï Ki-mi

JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENCJO.

Oki-uaga-tarasi Hi-hiro-nuka-no-mikoto (tljj Ame-toyo-takara Mige-hi-Tarasi-bime [Empress] ( ^

Ame-yorodii-toyohino-mikoto (|ifii Ame-toyo-takara Mige-hi-Tarasi-hime [same as

M ® 1 HjJ

Ame-mikoto hiraki-wake-no-mikoto Ama-nu-naka-vara Okino-ma Into

Takama-no-vara-hiro-uo-hime (Empress) ( ^ ^

Ainauo mo-mune-toyo ( ^ ^ Yamato-neko Amatü-mi-siro Toyo-kuni-nari-hime

[Empress] (7^ \ amato-nekoTaka-mitu-kio-tarasi-hime[Enipress](

Ame-sirusi kuni-osi-hiraki-toyo-sakura-hiko (gn ^

Takano-hime; Abeno Naï-sin-wau [Empress] ( ^ ^

Oho-ino Obokimi o/^- Oboi-no mikoto -k 'VA

Takano-bime Abeno Naï-sin-wau [Empress] ( Sira-kabeno Obokim

lamato neko Suberagi Takarateru-no mikoto (^

Yamato-neko Amafiraki-kuui-taka-biko 1 ^ m Kami-no Sin-wau — Say a

Obodomo-no-Sin-wau — Zyun-wa ( ^

Masa-yosi -— Nin-myau (

Miti-yasü Sin-wau — Mun-lokü ( ^ ^

Kore-bito — Seï-wa (

Sada-aki — } o-2d' ( ^

Toki-yasfi — Kwo-lto , ^ ^

Sada-yosi — Uda I (

Atü-bito — Daï-yu (

* M lt;ft Hij 'jUj) quot;^r quot;^Prince Nao-pvïquot;, Who is said to have reigned from 593—00 and who was succeeilcd by Yu-s/n-lsing ( ), who rcigne i from 608—62S.

14 Cr. SC UI, EG KI..

Al).

Muiie-hitü - iMa-kau ( ^ ) 1817 -184Ü

Nori-hito - Kwau-ueï quot;ü ' 1847-1866

Mutii-hito — Kon-zau Kwau-tei ( 4^ Jl H. ) 1867—

II.

The Mikados oiquot; the Norilioni D.vnast.v.

In A.D. 1331, Baï-go II was dethroned by Kwo-gen I, and though the former was reestablished in 1334, the successors ot Kwo-gen continued to reign in Mii/ako, so that there were, from 1334 to 1392, two emperors reigning simultaneously, the one in the South and the other in the North: those were:

Kasu-hito — Kwau-gen Tei lt; 7L 1332-1335

Toyo-hito — Kwau-meï lei i^t 1336-1348

Oki-hito — Syu-kwdu or Zo-kwo Tei (^7^'^') 1349-13ol lya-hito — Go Kwau-gen Tei (# Sf 'ft') ¹³⁵²-I³⁷¹

Wo-hito — Go Yen-yu Tei ( # M Ü 'ft') 1372-1382

Moto-hito — Go Ko-maiü Tei (# $ 'ft') 1383-1392

The last prince became Mikado of whole Japan in 1393 and

reigned till .1412.

111.

The Slioguus of Japan.

In A.D. 1185 the great officers of Japan had organised a formidable revolt. The Mikado Go Toba put on foot a large army, in order to suppress this revolt, the commandment of which he entrusted to one ot the princes of the blood; Yori-tomo, with the title of Syaugun or Generalissimo. This Yori-tomo reduced the Mikados to mere puppets, only retaining their spiritual power, so that these last are called by Chinese historians Wen-wang ( ^ EE) ^or Civil kings, whilst they call the Sycmguns H'u-wang ( EE ' ^or Military kings.

JAPANRSK KIIPEKOIIS AND NKNOO. 15

This state of things lasted till I8tj7, when the iShoguu Yoü-hitsa oilic.iteil in beliuof ut tlui ^Miktuloj who thus bccmne acaiii sole Emperor of Japan.

The Shoguus.

Dynasty MuianLoto.

(®)

Yori-tomo () 1186-1201 Sane-tomo ( m w) 1203-1219 Yori-iye (^^)1202

Dynasty Fudsiwara,

m

Yori-tsune (^{[ ) 1220 —1243j Y'ori-tsugu¹) ( $gt;([ ^[ij) 1244-1251 Dynasty ot Zin-mu Teu-wo.

(il' ^ I®)

Mune-taka ^ || J ) 1252 Mori-kuni lt; ^ ^ ) 1308-1333 -1205 Mori-yosi (^ || J ) 1333

Kore-yasu ('['|£ ) 120(i-1289 —1335 llisa-akira ( 1289-1307 iVari -yos ¹ ( Jc amp; ü Ï) 1334

— 1338

Dynasty Asllcaya.

( ë ^1])

Taka-udi ( J^) 1334-1357 i Vosi-katsu I, ^ g ) 1423-1425

losi nori I (135b — 13G7 losi-motsu reestablished 1425— Yosi-mitü I ^ ) 1368—1393 j 1428

Yosi-motsi (m ^ ) 1394-1422 | Yosi-nobu») ( ^ ) 1428-1440

¹

Ifoffinann places the acccssiou to the dyuasty of Shogun of in A.Ü, 122-1 but tliis is a mistake. The Chinese text he uses has no entry in the year 1224, but places in the year 1244) the accession of Tori-tsugu ( ««Six

J (3 O. SC HL KG KL.

Yosi-kalü U (|| 0 )U41-1443 | Yosi-naru (^ Bjq ) 1521-1545 Yosi-uari^l) fl^) 1449-1471 | Yosi-fusa (^ 1546-1505 Yosi-nao²) (|| ^ ) 1473-1489 Matii-naga (usurpator) ($£ 7JO Yosi-mura (^ tl) ¹⁴⁹⁰-¹⁴⁹³ 1565-1508 Yosi-mitïi II '•) (||^) 1494- Yosi-susa ^)156S{9mouths)

15U7 Yosi-aki (if| Ifö ) 1568-lo73

Yosi-mura') (reestablished) 150b

1521

Dynasty 7 air am.

(^)

TaïraNobu-naga(2f^^^)1574 San-bau-si (H Ü M ) ¹⁵⁸² quot; -1582 ¹⁵⁸⁶

Aketi Mitü-hide (usurpator) (Hfj ^ ¹⁵⁸²

Dynasty Toïotomi.

llide-yosi or Ta'i-kau-sama (Toyo To mi Hide-yosi Ai IS ri ⁰¹

Toijo-kun ) 1586 — 1590

Uide-tügu (^=gt;C) 1591-1695

Uide-yori (^«0 1690-1615

Dynasty Tokugawa.

(i®

Mina-moto-no lye-yasu kó(^ )|t amp; Postbume title j!^ iV)

1603-1605

Hide-tadako(^ Postbume title ^ lt;^) 1605-1622

lye-mitü ko ( % ± amp; » » A ® ^) 1623-1649

lye-tüna ko ( ^ ^ ^ ^s Wamp; 'fa amp; gt; 1650-1680

!) since 1453 called Yosi-masa. 2) Since 1488 called Miro.

3) Since 1502 called Yosi-zumi. 4) Since 1513 called Yosx-iada.

ALPHABETICAL LIST

OF THE

JAPANESE MIK A DOS AND SttOGUNS.

M [i is ft ^ m m tfr m $\

c.

Ch^cang-hien kung (Titma-ijosi or Zen-gen /ro) 'fö ^V

A.D. 1G81 -1709 S. ')

Chang-k^cing T^cien-ltwang {Ti/au-M Ten-wau) !£'^? M

A.D. 1369—1373

Cliao-têh Kung iïosi-nora hje-moli ló) ^ A.D. 1858 — 1866 S.

Ch^ci-T^cung T^:ien-li\vang (Dl-io Ten-wau)^^- ^ % 0 A.D. 687 — 696 Ch'ing-kwang T^cien-hwang {Si/ó-Icwau Ten-wau) ^ij )t ^ iil

A.D. 1413-1428

Ching-liang Ts'in-wang {Nari-yosi sin-van)

A.D. 1334 — 1338 S.

Ching-ts^cin-t^cing T^cien-li\vang (Ogl-mall Ten-icaiC) ÏE ü m]- ^ M

A.D. 1558-1586

Ch^cing-têh T^cien-hwang [Si/6-lokii Ten-wau) m m * a

A.Tt. 705-7(59

Ch^cing-wu T^cion-liwang (5e'i - m u Ten - wa u) ^ ^A.D. 131-190

Chu-tsioh T^cien-hwang (Si/u-z//ahlt; Ten-vau) * a a a

A.D. 931-946

Chun-hoT^cien-hwang [Zyun-wa Ten-ioau) ^CI ^ A.D. 824 —833

01i^ciin-sliaiig T^cien-liwang (Mura-kami Ten-wau) ^ ± X- M

A.D. 947- 967

1) S. = Syaugun.

JAPANESE KMPEIiOliS A^'D NUNGO. 19

Chuug-ng-aiT^cien-li\vang (Tlu-aiTen-wau) jl ^ A.D.191 —200 Olning-yü-mun T'ien-hwang (Nn/ra-mifcatlo Teu-wau) Fjï ^Ij] f»] tS

A.I). 1710-1735

F

Fan-chingT^cien-hwang(Han-syanTe7i-wau) ^ ^ 0A.D.4OG—411 1' uh-kieiiT^cien-hwang i Fusim i Ten-ivnn) ik % M ^a-^D-1288-1298 o ^t ö ^rien ^ang # J:. ^ M erroneously for Ch^cun-shang

tit _h

Fung-shin Siu-kieb (Ilide-yosi Toyo-iomi ^ {^1 ^ or Taikan-sama)

A.D. 1586—1590 S. Fung Siu-tsz'e (Hide-t.uyu) jlj ^ A.D, 1591-1595 S.

H.

Hiao-chaoT^en-hwang {Kau-sijauTen-inan i ^ MB.C.475-398

Hiao-kien T^cien-hwang (Kau-hen Ten-wan) Jfl =|^ ^ Ég [Jtmpress]

A.D. (49 — 758 and 705 — 769

Hiao-]ingT^cien-hwang lt;Kan-reïTen-waw, ^ ^ -J- rjl B.C. 290_215

Hiao-nganT^cien-Invang(Aa»-«?/.2'lt;?»--//-a»)7^: ^ ^ B.C. 392—291 Hiao-téhT^cien-]i\vang(Aö?c-/!o/-?vT''«-wrt?lt;I^ lyX A.D. 645—654 Hiao-yüanT^cien-]iwang( Ka u-rjen Ten - va n ) %^: 7C ic in. B.C 214 — 158 Hien-tsungT^cien-li\vang( Ken-sijiiTen-wau) ||£| ^ ^ ft A.D.485—487 Hiung-lioh T^cien-hwang {VH-ryahi Ten-wait) Sj. ^ Ö

A.D. 457—479

How Chu-tsioh T^cien-hwang(6'o S//n-z//ahï Tm-wau) ^ ^ ^ 0

A.D. 1037-1045

How Ch^cun-shang T^cien-hwang ((?o Mura-lami Tan-van) # # _h

^ ^ A.D. 1339-1368 How Fuh-kien T^cien-hwang (Go Fusirni Tcn-icnu) # f/t JtL m

A.D. 1299—1301

HowFuiig-shangT^en-liwang ^ Jt M erroneously for How

Oli un shang # ±

20 G. SCHLEGEL.

How Hwa-yuen T^cien-hwang {Go lldna-zonn Ten-wan') ^ ^ [^j ^

A.D. 1429-1464 How Kwang-ming T^en-hwang (Go Kwan-meï Ten-wan)

H- A.D. 1644 — 1654

llow K«'ang-yen Ti \ Go Krcau-genTei) /XjJ'ïjj' A.D. 1352 — 1371

(Mikado of north Japan) How Kwei-shanT^ci(:n-lnvang (GoKame-yamaTen iodn) |Jj ^

A.D. 1368 —1392 (according to otliers 1374—1428) HowKVuli-ho T^cieii-hwang{GolJori-hawaTen-wan) ^ i:|jj j?pj ^

A.D. 1222-1232

How Ling-tsiuen T^ien-hwang (Co/?d'-re« Ten-wan) ^ ^ ^

A.D. 1046-1068

How Nai-liang T^cien-liwang ((?o JS'a-ra Ten-wan) ^ ^ ^ J|i

A.D. 1527-1557 How Niao-yü T^en-hwang (Co Tu-ba Ten-wan) ^ ^ jj|.

A.D. 1184-1198 How Pêh-yüan 'Y^z\en-hv;VLr\^[Gokasiva-lara Ten-wan) ^ ^ ^

A.D. 1501-1526

How Pih-ho T^cien-hwang (Co Sira-kawa Ten-wan) ^ Ö ^nT ^ M

A.D. 1156-1158 How San-tiao T^cien-hwang (Go-San-deó Ten-wan) — fi^ ^

A.D. 1069-1072

How Shao-snng Ti (Go Ko-maH't Tei) ^ 'ïjj' A.D. 1383—1392

(Mikado of north Japan) How Shao-snng Tien-wang (Co Ko-matu Ten-wan) ^ ^ 0

A.D. 1393-1412

How Shin-ts^cao T^cien-hwang (Co Yuka-husa Ten-tvan) ^ ^ iiL

A.D. 1247-1250

How Shni-wi T^cien-hwang (Co Midn-uo-wo Ten-wan) # /i ^ m

A.D. 1612-1629

How Si T^cien-hwang (Go Ten-v:av; ^ jJT^ ^ A.D. 16o5 —16(i2

JAPANKSB fcMPEROHS AND NKNGO. 21

How Te-hu T^cien-hvvang (Go Daï-rjo Tcn-wau) ^ ^ 0

A.I). 1319-1331 and 1384-1338. How T^co-yueu 'FieQ-hvvang (6'o Mmno-zono Tuu-wau)

A.D. 1771-1779 How Ts^o-go T^en-hwang {Co Saga Ten-wan) «■ Ml« % M

A.D. 1243—1246

HowTsun-shangT^cien-h wang(6'y J/tira-kami Ten-wau)

A.D. 1339-1368

HowT^cu-yii-munT^cien-liwang(amp;o Ta-ti Tun-wau) # ± m pt ^ m.

A.D. 1465-1500

How Urli-iiao T^cien-hwang (6'o Ni-deo Tcn-vjan)

A.D. 1302-1307 How \ang-chingT^cien-hwang(6'o J au-zeï Tmi-wau) |^f ^

A.D. 1587-1611

How \ili-tiao T^cien-hwang (6'o Iti-deo Ten-wait) ^ ^ ^

A.D. 1017-1036

How\ ing-ting T^cien-hwang(G^ro Sakura-mali Tcn-viaii)

A.D. 1763 -1770 How Yü-to T^cien-bwang {Go Lda Ten-waii) # ^ ^ ^ fi

A.D. 1275-1287

How Yüan-yung Ti {Go Ycn-yu Tei) # Hi t$: 'ft A.D. 1372-1382

(Mikado of north Japan) Hu-liang Ts^(:in-wang (Mori-yosi) ^jk jfjl J' A.D. 1333 —1335 S. Hüan-wuT^ien-hwang(.amp;'aH-w?' Tcn-wau?) jjifEj ^ ^ A.D. 782—805 Hwa-shanT^cien-bwang(i^w(7-.?a?; Ten wau) jj j ^ ^ A.D. 985—986 Hwa-yuen T^cien-hwang {Ilana-zono Ten-wau) ^ [III

A.D. 1308-1318

H\vang-kiliT^cien-hwang( Wau-gohu Ten-wan) ïjl ^ ïjl A.D.642—644

I.

I-cliao ( Yosi-aki) [ 7]^ ] ]|^ A.D. 1568—1573 S.

22 G. SCII I- EG K I..

l-cliM {Yosi-wolsi) A.D. 1394-1422 and 1425-142S S.

1-chib ( Yosi-mnra) fill A.D. 1490—1493 and 1508 1521 amp;. I-cliing {ïusi-nnri or losi-wasa) A.D. 1449 1471 S.

I-ching (Yosi-milu IT or losi-snmi) A.D. 1494 lo07 S.

I-liwui (Yofii-fusa) ^A-D- 1546—1565 S.

I-kiao (Ynsi-nobn or Yosi-nori II) A.D. 1428 1440 S.

1-liang (Yosi-katü I) ijl A.D. 1423—1425 S.

I-mwan (Yosi-mitii I) [ ^l) 11$| ^ A.D. 1368 1393 b.

I-shang {Yosi-nao or Yosi-hiro) jp]' A.D. 1478 — 1489 amp;.

l-sbing (Yosi-katu II) |J^ A.D. 1441 —1443 S.

I-têh T^cien-hwang {I-toh1 Ten-wan) ail ^ 510-47lt;

I-tsing [Yosi-nani) pf!j- A.D. 1521 —1545 S.

l-tsiüan {Yosi Nori I) A.D. 1358 — 1367 S.

I-ying (Josi-susa) §(% ^ A.D. 1568 (only reigned a few months and died in the 9^tl1 month. S.

J.

Jin-hiaoT^cien-hwang(A??«-/'ö7lt; Teii-wav) ^ ^ A.D.1817 —1846 Jin-hien T^:ien-hwang(A⁷«M-^«i Ten-wan) ^ ^ A.D. 488 49b .] i n- m i n gT^c i e n -11 \v a n g( A⁷;« - m el Ten -wan) t quot;il A.D. 834- 850

Jin-têh T^cien-hwang [Nin-toku Tcn-v:ait) ^ ^ A.D. 313 —399

K.

K^cai-hwa Tien-hwang {Kaï-hva Ten-wan) |{|J ^ 3= B.C. 157 98 Kang-kieh Kung (Tuna-yosi) ^ ^ A.D. 1681 1/09 8. Kao-ts^cang T^cien-hwang [Tal-a-lcura Ten-wan) 1' Jj ^ ^ ^

A.D. 1169-1180

Kia-chi Kung (lye-haru) ^'/p A.D. 1762 1786 S. Kia-chnng Kung (lye-sije) fjl 4V A.D. 1745— 1702 amp;. Kia-kang Kung {I//e-/iïna) |pïj A.D. 1650 1680 S. Kia-k^cing Kung {L/e-i/osi) 4V A.D. 1838 1853 8.

Kia kwang Kung (Ii/e-miiu) A.D. 1623 1lt;gt;49 S.

JAPANKSE KMI'K.KOIfS AND SKNOO. 23

Kia-mao Kung- (Yosi-norl Ii/e-motsi) A.D. 1858—18GÖ S.

Kia-süan Kung {l//e-noiv) 'iT ^A-^I)- 1 709- 1 712 S. Kia-Ting Kung {L/e-sada) ^ A.D. 1853—1858 S.

Kia-Ts^ci Kung {lye-nari) A.D. 1762—1786 S.

Kieli-tsung Kung (Yosi-rnunc) ^ ^ A.D. 1713—1715 S. Ki t^ci T^cien-hwang (Kei-tai Ten-wan) ^ A.D. 507—581

K^cin-ining T^cien-hwang(Zï«-??!eï Ten-rvan) ^ lij] Ö, A.D.540—571 Kin-wei T^cien-h\vang [Kin-yeTen-ivan) iTr ^ A.D 1142—1155 K^cing-hi Kung (Yosi-hisa M) fjg tL A.D. 1866—1867 lastShogun. King-hing T^cien-li\vang {Keï-l-au'Ten-wau) jf- amp; A.D. 71—130

Kiu-ming IVin-wang (JUm-aldra) ^ lij] ^ qp A.D. 1289—1307 S. Kwang-liiao T^cien-liwang (Kwau-kau Ten-van) ^

A.D. 885—887 Kwang-nin T^cien-hwang {Kwau-nln Ten-wan) -jP ft

A.D. 770—781

Kwang-kih T^cien-lnvang {Kwan-l-akü Ten-wan) ^ jfC Ö

A.D. 1780—1816

Kwang-ming Ti(A'^fl?lt;-?«eï ï t'/') quot;ij 'f?j' A.D 1336-1348 (Mikado

of north Japan). Kwang ming T^cion-hwang {Kwau-mcï Ten-wan) II)] ^ ft

A.D. 1847—1866

Kwang-yen Ti {Kwau-gen Tei) M'ïfr ^A-^D- 1332-1335 (Mikado

of north Japan). Kwei-shan T^cien-hwang (Kame-yama Ten-van) 11 lil % M.

A.D. 1260—1274 K wuh-ho T'ien-hwang (llon-kawa Ten-wan) |jjj| j?|ij ft

A.D. 1087—1107

L.

Ling-tsiucnT^cien-hwaiig {lieï-zen Ten-wan) ^ A.D. 968—969

Ling-yüanT^cien-li\vaiig(/^^e« Ten-wan) ^ TC ^ ^ A.D.1663—1686

24 O. SCHLEOEL.

Lü-chung T^cien-hwang (Ri-tiu Ten-van) jf^ iquot;¹!' 'Jz A.D. 400—405 ljuh-t^:iQ.o'T^cien-h.w3.ng{Roiiï-deóTen-icau) ^ ^ ^ A.D.1166 1168

M.

Min-tahT^cien-hwang(/gt;^,/«-(?«lt;iTlt;?»-?lt;-'lt;»») ^ ^ Jz jü. A.T). 572 58o jNling-ching T^cien-liwang [Meï-sijan Tcn-ivau) lljj [Empress]

A.D. 1630—1643

Mutü-hito, the present emperor A.D. 1867—

N.

Ngan-hien T^cien-hwang {Ju-kan Ten-imu) % ^A.D. 534—535

igt;Igan-k^cang T'ien-hwang(//.M-/!^,a?lt; Ten-wan) ^ !.}lt;; ^ ^ A.D. 454- 4o6

Ngan-ning T^cien-hwang {An-neïTen-wan) ^ Q B.C. 548—51 1 Ngan-têhT^(:ien-liwang(y4M-)!o/t^ Ten-wau)

^Ê^MA.n.usi-nss

Niao-yüT^i:ien-hwang(ro-ia2'«^,M-«'a7/.) ^ A.D. 1108 1123

P

Pih-hoT'ien-hwang^'m-Aawör^-wa?/) Ö M A.D.1073-1086

P^cing-ch^cingT^cien-h wang (Ileï-zeïTen-irau) T' ^ ^ ^ A.D.806 800 P^cing-8in-cliang {Nohn-naga) |=

^ A.D. 1574—1582 S.

San-fah-sze (San-lau-sï) H 5^ l^llJ A.D. 1582-1586 S.

San-tiao T^cien-hwang {San-deó Ten-van) ^ A.D. 1012—1016

Shin-kung Hwang-how (Zin-kan wau-gu) ÜitjJ J)] M/SA.D. 201-269

[Empress]

Shin-têh Kung {lye-yosi) 'j®, A.D. 1838—1853 S.

Shin-wuTien-hwang {Zin-mu Ten-wan) fill' ïit ^ M ^B-^c- ^C60-^5S5 Shing-wu T^cien-li wang(5t'i'-w u Ten-wan) A-D. 724—748

Show-pang Ts'in-wang (Mori-knni) ^ ï. A.D. 1308—1333 S.

Shu-mingT^cien-hwang(^«-weï Tew-wcw) lj|] A.D. 629 641

JAPANESE EMPKRORS AND Nl'.NGO, 25

Shun-tr'liT^cien-liwaiig J|[fj ^ ^ Ö

A.D. 1211-1221

Siu-chuug Kuug {Hide-lada) yfij A.D. 1G05 —1622 S.

Siu-lai (Hide-yorï) A.D. 1600-1015 S.

Siian-hwa T^gien-hwang {Seu-kwaTeu-waa) -j^ ^ A.D.536—539 Sui-jin T^cien-h\vaug (Sui-niu Tun-wau) ^ i- B.C. 29—A.D. 70

Suï-tsiug T^cien-luvang (Sui-sd Teu-wau) jjjg ^ B.C. 581—549

Sze-tiao T^cien-li\vang [Si-deó Teu-waii) A.D. 1233-1242

T.

Ta-yew Rung (Vai-yu-Tco, hje-mitü) ^ ^ 4V A.D. 1623—1649 S. Taï-tèh Rung ( Hide-lada, JJai-luJcü-kó) ^ ^ A.D. 1605—1622 S. T^cau-lu l'eï-ii 'ijj' see T^cieu-hwang Ta-cli^cui.

T^cang Lai-king {Yori-Uune) A.D. 1220—1243 S.

T^cang Lai-tsze (Yori-tmgu) ${ A.D. 1244—1251 S.

Te-hu T^cieu-bwaiig (Laïyo Ten-wau) ^ ^ A.D. 898-930

^rr^cien-chi T^cien-hwang (Ten-di Ten-wau) % ® ^ M. A.D. 668—671

(administrated the empire since 662) T^cien-h\vang Ta-cli^cui (Ohiol-no-mikotd) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 759—764 (was degraded in 764 to Duke of T'an-lu ££ J\.) T^cien-\vu Tien-bwang(r6'«.-/««2V«-?ra«) ^ A.D. 672—686

T'o-yuen T^cieu-li\vaug (Momo-zono Teu-wau)

A.D. 1747—1762

Ts^ci-miugT^cien-liwang('Sa5'-weif Ten-wau) )J§ lljj amp; A.D. 655—661 Ts^cing-lioT^cieii-h\vang{Seï-tvaTen-wau) ^ fif] A.D. 859—876

Ts^cing-ningT^cien-hwang(amp;'7-»6-7 Teu-wau) J-jy ^ fji A.D. 480—484 Tsiuu -ming Rung [lye-haru or Syau-mei Kó) 1% quot;JJ A

A.D. 1762—1786 S.

Ts'o-go T'ien-hwang (Sa-ya Teu-wau) ^ |1||^ ^ Q A.D. 810—823 Tsuu-shangT^cien-b\vang [Mura-kami Ten-wau) # ± ^ S

A.D. 047—907

T

2(3 li. SCU L EU K I..

Ts'ung-kwang Ti [Si/n-hcan or '/.o-ku-o Tt-i) ^ 'Tfj' A D. 1349—1351

(Mikado ot' north Japan). IVung-shin T^cien-hwang [Sj/u-zin Ten-wau) ^ B.C. 97—30

Ts^cung-siünT^cien-h\vang('S//«-«//?«/Ten-wau)

llgö ^HA.D.588—592

Taling-têhT'ien-hwa^^.V.ü.l I 24—1141 Tsung-tsun 'IVia-wang {Munc-laka Sin-wan) ^ ^ -F.

A.D, 1252—12G5 S.

T^cii-yü-mun ï^cien-hwang [Tu-li Mikado Ten-wan) ± m iquot;i ;c m

A.D. 1199—1210

T^cui-ku T'ien-hwang (Suï-ko Ten-wau or Toyora-mïya) M.

A.D. 593—628 (Empress). Tun-sin Kung {lye-sige or Ton-sin Kó) 'fpf A.D. 1745 17G2S. Tung-chao Lvung (lye-ijasn ko) jjn ^ A.D. 1603 U)04 S. Tung-shan T^:ien-h\vang (llhjasï-ijama or Tó-sau Ten-wau) ijl ill ^ M

A.D. 1(387—1709

U.

Urh-tiao T^cien-h\vang [Ni-deó Ten-wau) ZIL ifö ^zJc ^ A.D. 1159 1165

W.

Wan-kung Kung (li/e-.iada kó) A.D. 1853 1858 S.

Wei K^cang-ts^cin-wang [Kore-yasü Sin-wau) «aï

A.Igt;. 12136—1289 3.

Wen-cliao Kung {hje-nohu or Bun-syau Kn) t na amp;

A.D. 1709—1712 S.

Wen-kung Kung (lye-nan ko) ^ ^ A.D. 1787—1837 S. Wen-têh THen-hwang (B un-tokü Ten-wa n) ïCiÜ 851-858

Wen-wu T^cien-bwang (Bun-mu Ten-wau) ^ M^{A D}- 697-707

Wu-lieh T^cien-hwang (Mu-rei/ Ten-wau) ^ % Q A.D. 499-50(3

JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENCJO.

Y.

Yang-chingT^cien-h wang {Yau-zeï Ten-wau) A.D.S77_884

Yen-yeu Kung {lye-tuna or Gcu-iu K6) ]$, /f.j ^ A.I) 1050—1080 S.

Yeu-cliang Kung {lye-twju or lu-lyau Kó) A.I). I 71.;—171(3

Yeu-têhKung (Yosï-mune or lu-loku Ko) yfj A.D. 171(3 — 1745

\ ih-tiao T^cien-h\vang {Ri-cleo Ten-ioau) D. 987—1011

iing 3hinT^clen-hwang(/ra«-0«2'_t;«-wa!lt;) ))il|| 0 A.D. 270—310

Ying-ting T^cien-hwaiig {Sakara-mali Tau-wau) fU]' ^ ^

A.D. 1736—1746 Yii-to T^cien-hwang (Uda Tm-wau) ^ ^ ^ Ij? A.D. 888- 897 Yiiau-ching T^cien-hwang (Geti-syau Ten-wan /{j jj£ -J-

A.D 715—723

Yüan-kla-k^cang-kung {lye-yam) ^ ^ |[jgt; A.D. 1603—1005 S. Yüan Lai-chao {Mhiamoto-no ïori-lumo) -Jjï lt;$] ^ A.D. 1 180—1201 S. Yüan Lai-kia (Mlnamolo-noYori-iye) i|;|| ^ A.D. 1202 S. Yüan-mlng T^cien-hwang(Gen-meiTcn-waii) Ifj] ^ ^ A.D.708—714 YüanSliih-chao {Minamoto-uo Saue-lumd)^;$l A.D.1203—1219 S.

Yüan-tsun-slii {Miuamoto-no Taka-udi) ]);,{ A.D, 1334—1357 S.

Yüan-yungT^cien-hwang (ï'en-ynTeu-wan) [y| ^ J- A.D. 970-984 \ uu-kung T^cien-livvaiig (IiL-lcyó Teu-ioau) It %Êl A.D. 412-453 Yung-mingTlen-liwai^Vo-mtiTnu-wau) \\}\ % ^ A.D. 586—587

A L P 11 A B E TIC A L LIST

OP THE

JAPANESE NEX-GO.

m s ¥ m m

c.

H.

G. SCliLEGEL

JAPANESE EMPERORS AXD NENGO.

P.

S.

T.

37

n