RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT

1150 0133

A

HAND-GUIDE

TO TUE

PUBLISHED UNDER SUPERVISION OF THE DIRECTOR

ic^/(3

'r A-

BATAVIA

G. KOLFF amp; Co 1897

RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT

1150 0133

SB

HAND-GUIDE

)]\V\V Dl

With a Plan

PUBLISHED UNDER SUPERVISION OF THE DIRECTOR

BATATIA

G. KOLFF amp; Co 1897

INTRODUCTORY.

The Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg were established in April 1817, at the suggestion of Reiwvardt, who was afterwards a Professor at the Leiden University. During Reinwardt's stay in Netherlands-India there was no special director for the new botanical establishment; he took over the superintendence himself. On his departure from Java D^r. C. L. Bltjme was appointed the tirst Director of the Buitenzorg gardens.

Blxxme proved to have remarkable abilities for natural science; in a short time he got great renown as a botanist and so the gardens seemed to have under his direction, a very satisfactory prospect. But, after a stay of four years, Blume was obliged to go homq on account of his bad health; there was no director appointed as his successor, the gardens were left in charge of a curator.

The curator James Hooper, an able man, who came originally from the royal Kew-gardens, returned to Europe in 1830. A young gardener just arrived with a new Governor-General was selected as his successor.

The young man's name was J. E. Teysmanx ; devoid of the slightest scientific notions, lacking even ordinary general instruction, and having had but a very superficial training in he rticulturc, he seemed rather an unqualified person for filling up the post of curator.

Happily the Buitenzorg gardens bc-long to the insti-

3

Hand-Guide io the

tations which have good luck. Tetsmasn turned out to be a most energetic man, Avith a bright intelligence and greatly gifted for natural science.

Bv self-training and hard work, guided by a clear insight and supported by a keen aptitude for organization, he became, in fact, a second founder of the gardens, with which his name will always be inseparably connected.

In the course of his career as a curator Teysmanx was assisted by two very clover men, J. K. Hasskarl, and S. Einxexdyk. Hasskarl, afterwards famous as a botanist, was tiie man who suggested a now plan for the gardens, in order to have all the plants, even the trees and shrubs arranged after the natural system. That idea, once grasped by Teysmanjt, was pushed by him, often under great difficulties, with fierce energy. The arrangement after tiie natural system, in some parts already sixty years old, constitutes now one of the prominent features of the Buitenzorg botanic garden. It makes it still compartively easy to study the plants and especially to compare the species belonging to the same natural order, though the number of species under cultivation is now some 10.000, covering an area of 145 acres.

Bixnendyk was appointed assistant-curator in 1850. His services were of great value, not only because he was a very able horticulturist, but also because he had had a fair training in systematic botany at the Leiden botanic garden. And so as Teysmann resigned (in 1869) Bixnendyk was, of course, selected as his successor.

In the mean time the whole institution was re-organized, on a plan drawn up long before by Teysmann.

4

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

There was to bo a Director again, and it was D^r. R. H. C. C. Scheffer who in 1868 was appointed the second Director of the Buitenzorg gardens

Having made thorough studies in botany under Mjquel's direction at the Utrecht TTniversity D¹'. Scheffer although young, was well prepared for the post.

Devoting as much of iiis time as possible to research and original scientific work, ho had tiie good idea of starting, in 1875, the Annalen du Jardii; Botcotique de Buitenzorg, a scientific periodical still existing.

Beyond all other things the Buitenzorg establishment is most indebted to the late D^r. Scheffer, for establishing, in 1876, a special garden, on a large scale, (an area of more than ISO acres) for agricultural and experimental purposes, lie added also an agricultural school to this experimental garden. This school lasted only a few years.

\\ ithout time to go on furlough to Europe to restore his health, D^r. Scheffer died, of overwork, in the beginning of 1880, only 36 years old,

D^r. Treiib was selected as his successor This gentleman, who has been in charge since 1880, still continues the extensions begun in 1876 by IX Scheffee.

The institution still called „'s Lands Plantentuinquot; consists of the following nine Divisions.

Division I. Herbarium and Museum.

„ II. Botanical Laboratories.

„ III. Agricultural and experimental garden (181 acres) with Laboratory for agricultural chemistry.

Hand-Guide to the

Division IV. Pharmacological Laboratory.

„ V. Botanic Garden (145 acres) and Mountain Garden (77 acres and 700 acres of virgin forest) with Laboratory.

,, YI. Office, Library and Phot graphic Laboratory.

„ VII. Forest flora collections.

VT1I. Laboratorv for the study of Deli Tobacco ').

T) «/ v '

,, IX. Experimental station for coffee ¹).

The second division has special laboratory accoinmo-dations for 8 foreign visitors, the institution acting, since 1SS5, also as an international botanical station that has already been visited by a great number of foreign naturalists.

It is hardly necessary to point out that the name of „Botanic Garden,quot; does not give a fair idea of what the „Buitenzorg Institutionquot; actually is. What is now the S¹'¹ division, corresponds, in general lines, with what was „the Botanic Gardensquot; till 1876.

In Dutch the difficulty arising from a no longer appropriate name, is partially avoided by keeping for the w⁷hole institution the original name „'s Lands Plantentuinquot; and giving the name „Botanische tuinquot; ³) to tiie Botanic Garden belonging to the S'¹¹ division.

The Buitenzorg institution is working now with a staff of 27 Europeans, and over 200 natives.

6

¹

The Dutch word „tuinquot; means gardens.

Botanic Garden Buitenzory.

A WALK THROUGH THE BOTANIC GARDEN.

For visitors with only a limited time at their disposal it will be well to state here, that iti following the dotted line ou the map, the walk will occupy the better part of two hours.

The best time for a visit are the early morning hours, the climate of Buitenzorg being rather hot in the day and very apt to bo rainy in the late afternoon. Of course one visit to the garden will prove insufficient for those avIio desire to study détails of the plants pointed out in this guide.

On entering the garden by the main road near to the Director's office one has in front the well-known beautiful avenue „Canarium lanequot; planted by Teysmaxx. It derives its name from the magnificent trees belonging to the genus Canarium.

Quite near to the entrance one meets with one of the most remarkable plauts of the garden, the Entada vionostacJn/a (or E. scandens) which is planted in quarter I 13. It is a very large climber, whose branches spread over a large number of trees.

Passing by the Pterocarpus trees (I A) and turning to the right, we see in II A a small monument consecrated to tiie memory of the wife of the English Governor Raffles.

The Pterocarpus trees which we passed are remarkable for their red useful juice, called „angsanaquot; or „kinoquot;.

7

Hand-Gukle to the

The Hue red-flowering tree in part I. I, near to the road is the Amherstia nohllis, a native of British-India.

Nearly opposite we meet with a peculiar tree with umbellate branches which by means of a red label is indicated as the Jagera speclosa.

This red label is used to announce that here an exception occurs to the general plan after which the trees arc arranged in the garden, viz after the natural system. (Some of the more important natural orders are named on the map). Now the red label indicates that the plant thus marked does not belong here, but that for some reason or other it was not deemed wise to transplant it to the quarter where it ought to stand.

The normal way of labelling in the garden is thus: generally every species is represented by two specimens, only one of which is labelled though they have both a same number. — On the corners of the different quarters wooden poles are placed, the numbers and letters of which correspond with the numbers and letters on the map.

In the corner of quarter I L there is a fine specimen of the Scltizolohium excelsmi. This tree has been introduced from tropical America and is finding its way here both as a lane tree and as a „shade-treequot;. The word „shade-treequot; means here a tree planted on purpose to produce the necessary shadow in such plantations as require this for their crops.

In the center of quarter I L a tree worthy of special notice can be seen. It is the Pitliecolohinm saman, known in its fatherland Trinidad as the „rain-freequot;. Between the quarters I L and I turning a little way into the road to

8

Botanic Garden Baitenzory.

the right, we remark on the side of the road (in I C) the Strychnos nu.r vomica. Its fruits the „semina stn/clnii''¹ ot the pharmacopeia contain tiie frightful poison strychnine. Returning to the main road and following it for some little distance we perceive at the corner of II K, the Xanthophylluni excelsum. The tree is remarkable for its almost mathematically regular development and more so for the fact that it belongs to a family which in temperate regions is represented only by herbaceous or ac the most by shrubby plants, viz the order of the Polyyalaceae. The native name of rlie tree is „hi-endoyquot; which means egg-tree.

A highly interesting almost weird group of Pandannceae is soon in II A, II D and II C. The peculiar aspect of these „Screw-pinesquot; is caused by their numerous heavy aerial roots giving the impression of stilt-walking trees.

Opposite to these, in II I], some Cycadeae arc found, mostly natives ot Australia, not less remarkable, forming as they do the humble remnants of gigantic plants, in former geological periods widely spread over the earth's surface. In quarters II H, II I, II L, II M, and II X many Orchids may be seen, generally flowering in greater number than a first sight would make us suppose.

The Fernery (quarter II K) behind these Orchids contains many forms of interst.

The note-worthy collection of Palms begins in II F, containing some specimens of the Areca catechu, producing the areca or pinangnuts. These form one of the ingredients of the sink, or betel, the masticatorv used in great quantities throughout the East. In the same bed we can

Hand-Guide to the

see, clown the slope, the Plujtelephas macrocarwa, the palm whieh affords the vegetable ivory. Descending in the neighbourhood of the pavilion to the lower parts of the garden, especially kept for the use of water- and mirshplants, the visitor meets with a number of interesting plants. They grow partly in the water, partly on its banks as for instance Nipa, C;!perus papyrus, the papyrus-plant of the old Egyptians and the Brw/uiera's belonging to the most typical tropical shoreplants generally known by the name of mangroves. In the water we perceive many species of Nijmphaea f. i. the N. Lotus with white, pink and red flowers. This species unfolds its flowers in the evening, they remain open during the night and close again towards 11 A. 31.; other species behave totally different, some blue species don't open before 9 A. M. and close them towards midday, another unfolds them only from 7 until 10 or IIP. M.

Luxurious growth of some varieties of Nelumhium speciosum can here be observed, one has white, another pink flowers; the seeds of these plants were already known to the old Egyptians as a delicate morsel and to dav are sold as such on the Javanese markets. Among the other plants growing on the banks, the following are worth mentioning viz: Eichhornia crassipes, Sagittaria, Lasici, Acorus, some Cijperaceae and some Graniineae as Orijza sativa (the rice) an 1 Hi/inenachne interruptum, the pith of which is used generally by the natives by way of wicks.

On the border of the river some Pisoniae are found among which P. sylvestris the celebrated „ Widjojo Koe-soeiiia'\ whose flowers are used at the coronation of the

10

Botanic Garden Bnitenzory.

Sultans of Soerakarta; and P. excelsa „ki-tjaoe,quot; the fruits of which are so sticky that small birds and numerous insects may bo found glued to them.

Crossing the river by tiie small bridge in the neighbourhood, we come into new grounds, only laid out some five or six years ago. At tiie entrance there is a special part for shrubs and higher up is the quarter of the herbaceous plants, which recently lias been considerably extended. Numerous beautiful, useful or botanically interesting plants may here be observed.

Keeping to the left of the long avenue planted with Canarinm commune and following the pathway above the shrubgarden and the shed, we see to the right several species af Musa (banana's) and a little further on the Compositae.

■ On both sides of the road sve see a quarter planted with Malvaceous plants, among which on the one side, the Durio zibethinus {doerian), Lahia Icutejensis (the Borneo doerian), Eriodendron anfractuosum (Silk-cotton-tree), Adansonia digit at a (the African Baohah) and the tall Salinalia inala-barica {„leapoh oetanquot;) should be especially noticed, while on the other side we meet with the fine blooming species of Hibiscus „(Kembany sepatoe'quot;). Continuing our walk in this direction we enter again, after having passed the main bridge, into the old part of the garden.

The other part of the new grounds is entirely planted with climbers and differend kinds of trees serving as support or as „shade-treesquot; to them.

Having gone across the bridge we return to bed V F where we meet with some Araucariae, the well known

11

Hand-Guide to the

Australian pines. For them however the Buitenzorg climate is too hot and finer specimens may be seen in the mountain garden of Tjihodas.

In the same bed is found the botanically interesting Gnetum Gnemon (Manienjo), which is more generally known to all lovers of a good ricetablo on account of its edible fruits, and also magnificent specimens of Dammara alba. In V II several graceful Palms may be seen, among which the genera Attalea and Phoenix are specially conspicuous; the last genus contains the date-palms.

Passing between plots Y K and V II the visitor sees near to the point of V K the curious tall somewhat bended „Kihoeny-Falm'''' (Oncosperma filamentosa). To the right one distinguishes lower down the red Pinang (Ci/rto-stachi/s Bendah), highly valued as an ornamental plant, and next to it the Zalacca's whose fruits under the nam • of „Üalal/' are known to most inhabitants of Java.

Straight on we meet on the right bank of the road in V IT, with fine specimens of Latunia, and on the left with a large number of graceful palms belonging to different genera. Opposite to the main road, when one descends from the left, one sees in quarter V J tall, straight palms with their colnmn-like stems; these are the Oreadn.rae or royal palms of Cuba. On the side of the waterlet from the garden into the river Tjiliaong may be noted two specimens of one of the most rapid growing species of palms, the Metroxylon elation, which especially during youth are truly magnificent.

To the left one has in quarters V B and V C the

12

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

Mvrtaceous plants to which belong the clove-tree, the Guaca's and the species of Encahjptu Opposite to these we remark on the bank of the road in V L, several varieties of cocannts and nearer to the river the Elaeis guineemis or oil-palm, yielding the african palm oil, and species of Metroxylon, palms containing in their pith the „sagoquot;.

Opposite to the two small houses (bathes belonging to Government-house) the well known Lontarpahn— also called liiiiixtJi-jxtlin— (Borassns flabellifonnis) has been planted on the border of the river.

Xear to the lontarpalm on the other side of the Eugeissonia trisf/s, we see the famous _ycoco-de-inerquot; (Lo-doicea SeycheUanon) producing the largest of all palmfruits. The powerful plant carries leafstalks almost as hard as iron. The same may be said of the wood of the Eusideroxylon Zwageri („ironwoodquot;) which is found a little way above and to the right of the lontar palm.

On the loft side of the road in beds VI C, VII A, VI E, and also opposite on the riverbank several species of the genera Mangifera and Canariuin may be seen. The first affords the delicious „mangos''' the latter the canariumkernels („Java almondsquot;) whose taste reminds us of almonds.

The stony part forming plot VII E., on which now nothing but Cacteae can be found was formerly planted with high trees. .More than twenty years ago this part with all trees on it has been carried away bv the highly swollen waters of the river. Such a flood is called „bandjirquot; throughout the Archipelago.

13

Hand-Guide to the

Continuing our walk between beds VII P and VII Gr, we notice on both sides many species of wild fig-trees belonging to the genus Ficus or closely related to it. One of them, neiir the point of VII Gr. is very conspicuous, it is the Ficus Bi edel ii. The small figs are here bundle-like united to brown-black almost globular bodies which form pendulate, longly stalked raisins.

Further on in quarter VIII B, still on the right of the road, we find some malayan oaks (Quercus spec.) well developped but not so fine as those in plot III L.

Observe in plot VIII G, the Camarinae, resembling strikingly some Conifers, though they do not belong to them at all. The species of Crr.-war/H« arc partly plants of the seashore, partly of the mountains in tropical and subtropical countries.

On the mountains they not unfrequently form uninterrupted forests, which remind us of the pincwoods of our northern homes. In the family of the Lanrinaceae (plot IX D) we remark among others the Avocado-pear, the ironwood above mentioned and last not least, several species of Cinnamomum.

In the family of the Euphovhiaceae (quarters VIII T, VIII H, IX A, en IX C) the following are worthy of special notice; as ornamental plants the well-known species of Codiaeum (Croton; inulay: _Tpotrinriquot;) and species of Acah/pha; the Hum crepitans from Surinam, formerly used as a remedy against lepra; the fruit-trees and

„Icapoentocnciquot; belonging to the genus Pier ar dia and the Manihot utilissima {Icetella pohon\ which affords the sweet cassava, while its relation the M. Glaziovii from

14

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

Brasil produces the ceara-rubber, a well known article of trade.

Between beds VIII C and VIII D one ascends by a pathway paved with stones against erosion by the tropical showers.

Especially on the left, are again several species of Ficus and on the right, mostly trees belonging to the Dipterocarp-iamüy, a large order described for the first time by Blumb (about 70 years ago) and based on plants derived from the Buitenzorg botanic gardens. This family contains among others the plants yielding the Sumatra camphor {Dryohalcnwps aromatica) and those which afford the Tcniykawang-fat, [Shorea stenoptera and I sop ter a horneensis) cultivated on a larger scale in the experimental garden.

From the top of the little hill on which the pavilion !stands, a fine panorama may be seen; the range of ! mountains here visible, terminates at the right in the big „GWequot;. The word Gedé generally used in Buitenzorg is a collective for a number ot tops and in this case rather irrelevant as the peak we see is the „Pancjeramio'quot;.

The high trees near the pavilion are mostly species of the genus Terminalia, to which among others the „kata-panquot;, with edible kernels, belongs.

Looking down on the right we frequently are attracted by graceful red or lilac flowers; they belong to species of Lagerstroeinia called „Boengoerquot; or „ Woe/igoequot; by the natives.

Walking along the visitor sees on the right in front of Government-house the Governor-General's park, in which

15

Hand-Guide to the

Australian pines. For them however the Buitenzorg climate is too hot and finer specimens may be seen in the mountain garden of Tjihodas.

In the same bed is found the botanically interesting G net ion Gnemon (Manienjo), which is more generally known to all lovers of a good ricetable on account of its edible fruits, and also magnificent specimens of Daminara alba. In Y H several graceful Palms may be seen, among which the genera Attalea and Phoenix are specially conspicuous; the last genus contains the date-palms.

Passing between plots Y K and Y Jl the visitor sees near to the point of Y K the curious tall somewhat bended iboeng-Pahnquot; (Oncospenna filamentosa). To the right one distinguishes lower down the red Pinang (Cyrto-stachi/s Bendah), highly valued as an ornamental plant, and next to it the Zalacca\s whose fruits under the nam j of „Salafc' are known to most inhabitants of Java.

Straight on we meet on the right bank of the road in Y 11, with fine specimens of Latania, and on the left with a large number of graceful palms belonging to different genera. Opposite to the main road, when one descends from the left, one sees in quarter Y J tall, straight palms with their column-like steins; these are the Oreado.rae or royal palms of Cuba. On the side of the waterlet from the garden into the river Tjiliwong may be noted two specimens of one of the most rapid growing species of palms, the Metroxylon elafmn, which especially during youth are truly magnificent.

To the left one has in quarters Y B and Y C the

12

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

Myrtaceous plants to which belong tlie clovo-tree, tho Guava''s and the species of KucciIjjptuOpposite to these we remark ou tlie bank of the road in V L several varieties of cocanuts and nearer to the river the Elcieis ffuineeiisis or oil-palm, yielding tho african palm oil, and species ol Metroxylon, palms containing in their pith the „sagoquot;.

Opposite to the two small houses (bathos belonging to Government-house) the well known Lontarpalm — also called Païmifali-pcihn— (Bovassus ftcihellifonnis) has been planted on the border of tlie river.

Near to the lontarpalm on the other side of the Eufjeissoma trist/s, we see the famous _rcoco-de-merquot; (Lo-doicea SeijcheUarnm) producing tho largest of all palmfruits. The powerful plant carries leafstalks almost as hard as iron. Tho same may be said of the wood of tho Euskleroxijlon ZwcKjeri („ironwoodquot;) which is found a little way above and to the right of the lontar palm.

On the left side of the road in beds YI B, VII A, VI E, and also opposite on the riverbank several species of the genera Mangifera and Canarium may be seen. The first affords tho delicious _y,mangosⁿ tho latter the canariumkernels („Java almondsquot;) whose taste reminds us of almonds.

The stony part forming plot VII E., on which now nothing but Cacteae can be found was formerly planted with high trees. More than twenty years ago this part with all trees on it has been carried away by the highly swollen waters of the river. Such a flood is called „bandjir'quot; throughout the Archipelago.

13

Hand-Guide to the

Continuing our walk between beds Y1I P and YII G, we notice on both sides many species of wild fig-trees belonging to the genus Ficus or closely related to it. One of them, near the point of VII GK is very conspicuous, it is the Ficus Eiedelii. The small figs are here bundle-like united to brown-black almost globular bodies which form pendulate, longly stalked raisins.

Further on in quarter VIII B, still on the right of the road, we find some malayan oaks {Quercus spec.) well developped but not so fine as those in plot III L.

Observe in plot VIII G-, the Camarinae, resembling strikingly some Conifers, though they do not belong to them at all. The species of Casuarina are partly plants of the seashore, partly of the mountains in tropical and subtropical countries.

On the mountains they not unfrequently form uninterrupted forests, which remind us of the pinewoods of our northern homes. In the family of the Laurimceae (plot IX I)) we remark among others the Avocado-pear, the ironwood above mentioned and last not least, several species of Cinnamomum.

In the family of the Euphorhiaceae (quarters ^ III T, VIII II, IX A, en IX C) the following are worthy of special notice: as ornamental plants the well-known species of Codicieum {Croton; ma lay: r»(ƒ/quot;) and species of Acahjpha; the Hura crepitans from Surinam, formerly used as a remedy against lepra; the fruit-trees „«ienfew*/quot; and „kapoentoevyquot; belonging to the i^enus Fier ar dia and the Manihot utilissima {ketella pohon) which affords the sweet cassava, while its relation the M. Glaziovii from

14

T

Botanie Garden Buitenzorg.

Brasil produces the ceara-rubber, a well known article ■of trade.

Between beds VIII C and VIII D one ascends by a pathway paved with stones against erosion by the tropical i showers.

Especially on the left, are again several species of Ficus and on the right, mostly trees belonging to the Dipterocarp-ïa.m\\j, a large order described for the first time by Blumi; (about 70 years ago) and based on plants derived from the Buitenzorg botanic gardens. This ■ family contains among others the plants yielding the

Sumatra camphor (Dryohalanops aromatica) and those svhich afford the Tcmykaivang-ïnt, (Shorea stenoptera and Tsoptera horneemis) cultivated on a larger scale in the experimental garden.

From the top of the little hill on which the pavilion stands, a fine panorama may be seen; the range of mountains here visible, terminates at the right in the big _rGedêquot;. The word Gedé generally used in Buitenzorg ₍ is a collective for a number ot tops and in this case

I rather irrelevant as the peak we see is the „Paageranyoquot;.

The high trees near the pavilion are mostly species of , the genus Terminalia, to which among others the „kata-patiquot;, with edible kernels, belongs.

Looking down on the right we frequently are attracted by graceful red or lilac flowers; they belong to species of Lagerstroemia called „Boengoerquot; or „Woengoequot; by the natives.

I Walking along the visitor sees on the right in front of j Government-house the Governor-General's park, in which

15

Hand-Guide to the

a large number of deer are kept. On the loft we are fascinated again by the range of hills above mentioned, which ends in a rather isolated coneshaped hill the „Goonoeng Pantjarquot;, a place where the famous ^ant-plants'\ well-known to botanists and others, may be found.

After having passed by some Boueae among which the IS. Gandaria (malay: Genderia), we find ourselves surrounded by representatives of the genus Garcinia, of which the G. manyostana gives the excellent „Mangosteen.quot;

In the triangle labelled VI A, we find another „ironwoodquot; viz the Mesua ferrea. Turning into a largo road, Ave have just in front of us the order of Sterculiaceae, containing among others the Cacao, and the well-known holanut, from Africa. A large number of the species of Sterculia has very conspicuous beautiful fruits whose orange-red, open carpels carry velvety black seeds.

On descending, tall trees arc seen at some distance on the left bank of the road, these are species of Elaeo-carjms easily recognised by the turning red of the old leaves, and classed with the European limetrees in the same order. On the same side of the road there are a little further on the Bertholletia excelsa, affording the Paratiuts, some finc-tiowered Barringtoniae and Melaleucae with white barks, peeling like paper, in the way of birchbark. The genus Melaleuca yields the „kajoepoetih-oiV\ ')

1) The name „kajoe-poetihquot; means: white wood.

16

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

Before ascending again while rounding the jjoint of IT, one mostly sees in quarters V D and V E some shrubs who are in flower. It are species of the genera Gardenia and Pavetfa, also cultivated in European hothouses and belonging with the genera Coffea and Cinchona, to the order of liuhiaceae.

On the nearest corner of V II, two specimens of Santalum album are planted, the tree yielding the fragrant „saudelwoodquot;. Continuing straight on between TV Gr and IV II, we see on both sides species of Anonaceae, the order affording several tropical fruits as the „Souropquot;, the „Bullock's heartquot; and the „Custardapplequot;.

The tall trees behind IV Gr, on the border of IVPare mostly Magnoliaceae, belonging to the genera Talauma and Michelia, remarkable for their highly fragrant blossoms; so the famous ,.TjaiiipaJca'-tiowars come from a species ot the genus Michelia. Proceeding a little further on our way we are struck by the presence of a tree which conspicuously carries its flowers and fruits on the trunk. This position of the flowers is by no means an exception in tropical countries. The tree in question is Stelechocarpus Burahol; its fruits arc for peculiar reasons highly valued at the courts of Javanese princes.

Behind this tree Wonniae and Dilleniae have been planted, trees with fine leaves, flowers and fruits, members of the order of Dilleniaceae. The visitor has to turn now to the left and pass between IV D en IV G, On the left side of this small pathway, in IV G, we find a number of wild nutmeg trees and also the cultivated species Myristica fro grans called „palaquot; by

17

Hand-Guide to the

the natives. Several species of this genus may also be found in IV H. Frequently a very agreable odour meets us here, it is caused by Myristica Horsfieldii on the corner of IV G.

Quarters IV D and IV B on the right contain a number of important trees. Species of Diospyros to which we are indebted for several good things as „Ebonif' and the delicious Japanese „kahifniitquot;; Sti/rax Benzoin („minjan ') yielding the fragrant „JBenzocquot;,' several Sopotaceae affording the well-known ^sajjodillaquot; or „saoe manillaquot; (Achras sapota); the important guttapercha-yielding trees belonging to the genera Palacpuiuni and Payena.

Opposite to the guttapercha quarter (IV B) Apocynaceae are planted, in IV A to the left of the pathway. This order is notorious on account of tlie large number of species containing highly poisonous principles as for instance the Tawjhinia venenife)'a of Madagascar, the seeds of which are said to have been used to submit thousands of criminals to a „poison-proofquot;, and also the Co'hera Odallam „Bientarohquot;, common on our shores, which has poisonous fruits. The same natural order contains on the other hand the species of Oleander and Plu mem which line our walk; the latter are the special graveyard trees.

Reaching the large pond, near the bridge which leads to the garden belonging to Government-house, and not to _n's Lands Plantentuin''^ we have a fine view of the „Canarium-avenuequot; and of the dainty island, where the red pinang, before mentioned, contributes much to its gracefulness.

IS

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

On the other side of the bridge within the reserved part, stands a peculiar tree, whose sausage-like fruits are suspended by long rope-like peduncles. This tree is the Kigelia pinnata, a native of Africa; the fruits are hardly edible but in case of need they might be used as clubs (two large specimens are to be found in XI H). In an arm of the pond aside of IV C, several flowers and leaves belonging to the now widely known Victoria regia may be seen floating. Walking alongside of the pond we find on its bank several species of NepheHum affording the „nmboetansquot;, „poelasamquot; and tiie Chinese „Litchisquot; all well-known pleasant fruits.

Walking between III I and III J in the direction of the small pond provided with a fountain we pass between Sapindaceae. This order contains the species of NepJie-lium already mentioned and also the Sapindus Barak (on III J); the fruits of the latter affording „saponitiéquot; on account of which they can serve to a certain extent as a substitute of soap. To the left, behind III I a tall Cecropia from America is seen.

A little before we reach the small pond we pass by a heavy trunk (Terminalia Catappa), one of the red-labelled specimens, already mentioned, left in a wrong quarter.

In the small pond several species of Nymphaea got their home; they differ from their European sisters in as much as their flowers do not float on the water, but are elevated above it by means of rigid straight peduncles. This arrangement seems far from practical for waterplants, because a rapid rising of the water may cause death by drowning to their flowers. Part of the pond is shaded by a gigantic Fig-tree.

19

Hand-Guide to the

It is the Ficus(Urostigma) elastica or India-rubber tree,small plants of which are favorites in European drawing-rooms.

Walking around this giant one may observe at leisure how aerial roots descend from the branches and on reaching the ground penetrate into it, after which they increase enormously in diameter, finally supporting the branches as heavy columns. Behind that „/i:«re/-treequot; an exceedingly tall stem may be seen, bearing the label Dipterocarpus trinervis. Though not at its proper place—the red label indicates as much — two reasons were decisive in saving it; its beauty and especially the fact that it has probably been planted by Blume and is perhaps one of the specimens on which the Dtjpterocarp-family has been based.

Parting from this venerable tree, we return alongside of the pavilion on the pond's bank and ascend towards the canarium-avenue. Doing thus we leave to the left the family of the Meliaceae providing us with ilahcujony „soeren-tvoodquot; and „doekoequot;, Lansium domesticum, a very pleasant fruit. We then meet on the right with a magnificent specimen of TJrostifjma (jiijanteuin, which frequently without any apparent external cause drops all its leaves at once. Two bushes oi Erythroxylon Coca, the plant to which we are indebted for the painkilling „cocainequot; are seen a little higher up at the end of quarter III K. The whole number of Coca plants in the agricultural garden as well as most of the Coca shrubs now found all over Java are descendants of these two specimens.

Aiter a short rest at the end of the large pond, to enjoy the view on Government-house, a view widely

20

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

known by its numerous reproductions in photography and engraving, the visitor may continue his walk towards the cananum-avenue and follow the latter till near Government-house.

Most of the plants clinbing in the high canarium-trees belong to the Aroid-order.

Plants worth mentioning in the beds on the left hand of the avenue are Pannentiera cerifera (XI H) with fruits strikingly resembling wax-candles; in the centre of the same quarter, the usually flowering beautiful Spathodea campanalata from Africa and furthermore the already mentioned „sausagetreequot; Kigelia pinnata.

In XI I calabash-trees (Crescentia spec.) and the teak-wood (Tectona grandis) may be observed.

Past XIII J usually a fine view of the Salah may be obtained while at the end of the large pond near the reserved part fine Lotus plants (Kelumbinm speciosum) are conspicuous. The part to the left surrounded bv bamboo is, as indicated on the map, the cemetery of Gouvernment-house where mostly relations of the different Governors-General are interred. The graves of two very able young naturalists Kuhl and van Hasselt are also found here, the first passed away on the 14«' of September 1821 the last on the 8^th of September 1823 Leaving the cemetery to the left we have a view over the two lawns (XIII M and XIV A) and perceive bed X.i\ L where Scitamineae are planted.

There the visitor meets with bananas (mostly now removed to the new part of the garden), ginger, cardanton, curcuma, Marantae with magnificent foliage, Cannae ami

Hand-Guide to the

other well-known ornamental plants. The road between the lawns leads to the second main entrance of the garden.

Continuing our promenade along the cemetery we reach the rivulet „Tji-Bcdlolcquot; on the banks of which several species of bamboo are planted.

Crossing the Tji-Bnllolc wo have in front of us the Licistona-nxenne thus called after the tall palms bordering it. On the side of this lane, in XII E, a supplementary Palm-quarter is found which became necessary on account of the increasing numbers of the very rich collection of this order. The building on the right is a protestant church.

Kot following the Livistona-avenue, but turning to the left, we follow the middlepath through the rose-garden in the centre of which a humble column is consecrated to the memory of Teysmaxx.

Reaching that part of the chief road which forms the continuation of the Livistona-alley we remark several tine palms planted hero for ornamental purposes.

To the left in XII C and also in V, the climbing palms or „Rottansquot; are kept.

The long tendrils of these plants, closely set with grappling hooks, make caution necessary on a walk in this quarter. The native policemen line their thief-catching forks (Jjanggohquot;) with rows of these rottan tendrils. The extraordinary lenght which the usually thin stems of these climbing palms can reach is observed at our ease here. A length of far over three hundord feet is not at all out of the common.

09

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

iSTotice in XII D, some specimens of a famous tree viz the poisonous „ ^x/.s-treequot; (Anti a ris toxicaria) which in fantastic tales of horror plays a predominant part.

Proceeding we arrive at a shed, where some fine and new plants are cultivated. A little further on another shed also executed iu lathwork is kept for plants requiring shade and much moisture.

The latter contains fine species of Mar ant a and Calathea; a number of largo specimens of Anthurium, Dieffen-hachia and other plants belonging to the Aroid-order; nice Selar/inellae; interesting Lycopods; hanging Perns and a great number of other plants from the moisty parts of the jungles.

Leaving the nursery, we perceive to the right on the border of the TJi-BaUol: a climbing bamboo scientifically known as the Dinochloa Tjaiikorreli. A few paces along the nurseries, to which the public is not admitted, bring us again to the canarian-avenue and turning to the right we regain the point, where we entered, thus having completed the circuit of the garden.

Till a few years ago the parts X, XI and XII formed together a special garden for the numerous tropical climbers.

The whole collection of climbers is to be transferred to the new grounds (see p. 11); a great number of interesting climbers belonging to different orders is already to bo found there, (in the parts XVI, XVII, XVIII).

23

Htuid-Gnide to the

Still the visitor may find in the old quarters numerous very fine specimens of conspicuous climbing plants and creepers. So in XIA several frequently blooming species of the genus Connams and a fine sot of climbing Anonaceae.

In XIII A, species of the gigantic Entada's (see p. 7); the luxuriously developped CUanthus Binnendijkii, named after the late curator Bixxexdijk ; Ah rus precatorius {„Sagaquot; or „Jequiritif¹) with peculiar rod, blackspotted beans, used by children as playthings and in former times having served as coins. In XI B shrubs belonging to the genera Medinilla and Pissochaeta with glorious pink and blue flowers, and the lofty Zanoniue with their long pendulate branches and large round fruits, ascending the trees by means of the sole-like broadened tips of their furcate tendrils. In X G, behind the Director's bungalow, two fine specimens of Fayraea iinperialis, with conspicuous white bell-shaped flowers, perhaps the largest flowers of all the plants in tiie garden; hook-climbing Uncaria's and a great number of Mussaenda's with large white „leavesquot; dispersed between the green ones, „leavesquot; that prove to be, on closer examination, parts of the calyx of some of flowers. Finally in X C and X D, species of Landolphia the climbing India-rubbers of Eastern Tropical Afrika; Allamandae and species of Beanmontia with lovely yellow and pink-white flowers; Strophantus spec. div. with peculiar fruits, resembling a pair of bull-horns, yielding a poisonous principle, „strophantinequot; recommended as a remedy against heart-diseases.

24

Botanic Garden Buifenzotv/.

A VISIT Ï0 THE AGRICULTURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL GARDEN.

To anybody interested in tropical agriculture a visit to this garden can be specially recommended. From the centre of Buitenzorg we have the choice of two roads. quot;We may follow the high road as far as the „ WittepaaV and then turn to the left taking the way „Boehoelahquot; or we may take the road loading across the „roorfe Z»r«r/quot; and trom there continue our walk through the district of Tjilceumeuh.

Among the natives the garden is known by the name of „lanyhaoe'\ a corruption of the Dutch word „Landbouwquot; which means agriculture. The natives use it because formerly a school ot „Landbouwquot; was found here, (see p. 5).

A large number of useful plants is grown here, in order to obtain as many facts as possible as to tlie methods of their cultivation, their rate of growth, the amount of their produce etc. On the other hand, seeds, cuttings and young plants are provided free of cost. Moreover the division is doing a great deal, in introducing new cultivations into Netherlands-India, in giving advice and information about their cultivation and preparation for market, in trials and experiments, and so on.

25

Ilatul-Guide to the

Finally a number of pharmaceutical plants is cultivated to provide material for the investigations in the pharmacological laboratory.

A broad road leading to the Estate Tjileboet divides the garden into two nearly equal parts.

The roads and pathways have been made almost perpendicular to this main road, from this a regularity results which makes supervision very easy. The meshes of this network of pathways have all been numbered and an alphabetical register of the names of all plants cultivated is kept by the aid of which it is easy to find a plant f,t the shortest notice.

In this garden each species is represented as a rule by a great number of specimens, occuping generally a whole bed. On two of the corners of each bed labels give the name of the plant and the date ol its planting.

We will start our walk from the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistrij. This was built in 1S9Ü —1891 and upon completion it was equipped with everything required by this branch of science. Small gasworks, where the gas is made from kerosene are connected with it.

Turning into the road which runs alongside of the laboratory we find ourselves immediately surrounded by large trees of Liherian coffee already past their first youth. They were planted in 1876 in the shadow of Alhizzia inoluccana and are the eldest specimens in tiie „Cultuurtuiriquot; and probably even the eldest in Java. This tree has proved already to be of great value to the western parts of Java as well as to other moist and low countries of the Malay archipelago.

26

Botanic Garden Buitenzory.

Tlio important part which 's Lauds Plantentuin has had in its introduction and in promoting its cultivation, may be pointed out here. Throughout the year the plant bears fruit and it flowers repeatedly.

A narrow road to the left of this bod leads alongside of a large bed containing several varieties of Arabian-coffee ; the growth of none of these can be compared with the luxuriance of the Liberian coffee.

This bed is surrounded by a hedge consisting on the Xorth- and East-sides of Liberian coffee and on the South-side of Bixa Orellana, the „roucou-treequot; affording the well known _ranatto^,\ Following the narrow path, we soon reach a spot where the eye is caught by a number of „sawahsquot; belonging to the garden. These are experimental fields for rice-culture and have served as such for a number of years already.

Turning to the right we follow the Liberian hedge until we arrive at a small aqueduct and then turning to the right again wo see in front of it a small bed with _vDileiiiquot; (Poyoxteinon spec.) yielding on destination the well-known „PatchouU-oilquot;. Turning to the left, we soon notice a bed with several species of Boehmeria, affording the „7-aiiieh'ⁿ fibre also known as „China grassquot;. On the right of the road there is some Arabian-coffee now past its prime and on the left young Assam-tea of a select type; a little further on a bed with sugar cane, growing luxuriously in the moist climate of Buitenzorg. Opposite to the canes we may turn into tlie road on the right, between a bed of Diospijros macropliylla, the tree affording the ebony and one of Cedrela odorata, introduced to test

27

Hand-Guide to the

its value as a shade-tree. As yet the results are verv promising, it is a rapid grower, the shadow is not too heavy, and here at least the tree has hardly any leaves during the first months of the rainy season. The trunks are here used as supports for the Alantjium sundaicum a plant interesting to pharmaceutical chemistry. Continuing straight on the visitor passes between Myroxylon tohii-feruiii, yielding the „ Tolu-hulsatn ' and J/. peruiferum affording the „balsam of Fern^,\ A little further on a bed with „Vanillaquot; is met with usually bearing either blossom or unripe fruits. As the insect, which fertilises the Vanilla in its native land, is not found in Java artificial fertilisation must be resorted to, to obtain the „ Vanillaquot;. On the right of the road fine specimens of Eucalyptus alba, a native of Timor, may be seen, which grow very well here. They shade the India-rubber producing Landolphiae from Africa and Chonemorpha iiiacrophylla. Opposite to tiiis a young Cocoa-garden is found where the plants enjoy the shade of Cidrela serrulata, affording a good timber besides. The Cedrela stems here serve moreover as supports to some plants of the pepper-family and also to Smilax syphilitica the roots of which yield the „sarsaparillaquot;.

j^ex.t to it an old pepper-garden is seen, a couple of rows of which are occupied by the well-known Cuheha pepper. On drying, the immature pepper-fruits produce the black pepper, tlie ripe ones the white pepper. The supports here are Silk cotton trees, which give but little shade and besides have the advantage of affording

O o

yearly a crop of Silk-cotton. Keeping this road the

28

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

visitor soon pcrceives on the right a groat number of Coca-shrubs with their fine pale green foliage and handsome red fruits. The leaves afford the Cocaine. The Erjtliroxijlon Coca var. Spruceana yields much alcaloid in Java but its composition differs somewhat from that produced by the Peru-coca. On the right a fine grove of Theobroma Cacao is worth noticing. It furnishes a product of excellent quality.

Next to it we have a bed with Schleichera tryuga yielding the famous Makassar-oil. It must be acknowledged that the plant develops badly in the climate of Buitenzorg, in the mean time the trees here have suffered considerably from the India-rubber climbers the stems of which have made deep grooves in their trunks. Next to the coca a clove-garden is found, shaded by Caesalpinia arborea and further on African oil-palms, Elaeisguineensis, whose fern-covered trunks and magnificent crowns produce a fine cfiect. The oil present in the seed as well as that in the fruit-Hosh is won. Notice opposite to the oil-palms a plot of I heohroina bicolor, a species of cacao inferior to the one just mentioned.

This bed is shaded by Pithecolohium Saiiian („rain-treequot;) belonging to the family of tlie Leguminosae. Numerous seeds of this tree have recently been distributed as many planters judge it a good shade-tree for coffee. Next to it is a bed with sa tin wood ^ Ch loroxij Ion Swietenia^ containing many fine stems.

Alongside of tke Elaeis-hed a row of Acacia, cat'cliu is found. Tne wood of this tree is used for the manufacture of the „cutchquot;. Further on we have a

29

Hand-Guide to the

couple of rows of Indigofeva yalccjoides (taroem oetan) containing bitter almond oil and prussic acid instead of indigo; subsequently we find in the same, not over-fertile bed Melia azedarach (Mindi) shading the coffee on many estates and esteemed also a good timber, and finally Stenotropis Broteroi and Calpicarpum Boxburyhii both of some importance from a pharmaceutical point of vue. The beds bordering on the „Boad Boeboelakquot; contain a number of trees belonging to different orders.

Continuing our walk alongside of the small aqueduct we see on the left some specimens of Antiaris toxicaria the notorious upas-tree, the juice of which is used both as an arrow poison and as a drug. Proceeding we first pass by a bed of Arabian-coffee, then by PaZagwiow rostratum, the stems of which support pepper-plants and after that by Uncaria gambir, the leaves of which afford by extraction with water the well-known rjamhir. Further on the visitor sees a number of fine „Karef-trees (Urostigma elastium) with many scars on the stems, showing that they have been tapped repeatedly for their very valuable India-rubber. Turning into a narrow pathway on the left hand, we perceive some fine specimens of Theohroma hicolor and a bed with Bixa Orellana. Walking along-side of tlie third border of the India-rubber bed there is at the corner a bed densely planted with Myristica frayrans. Usually these nut-meg trees bear fruits which on splitting expose the dark-brown nut-meg enveloped in the brilliant scarlet meshes of the „macequot;. Walking along we pass by a group of Coco-palms; by Hevea brasiliensis, affording the excellent Para-rubber

30

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

and by a bed with rows of Liberian coffee, each pair of which differs one year with the next. In the same bed we find some specimens of Manihot Glaziovii („Ceara-rubberquot;) the culture of which will be abandoned because the promised magnificent results liave in no respect been fulfilled. Further on there is an other bed with Liberian coffee. A number of these trees have been topped, and the other ones have their natural size. On this same bed we remark on the bank of the highroad about a hundred cuttings of a variety of the Liberian-coffee (or perhaps of a hybrid between Liberian and Arabian cofiee) grafted on Liberian-stems. In the centre of the same bed we perceive a number of specimens of the white flowered variety of Punka Granatum, the root of which is known as a remedy against tapeworm. In the bed near to the highroad there are some varieties and perhaps hybrids of Liberian-coffee and also a large quantity of Syzyyinm jambolanwii, a tree said to afford a remedy against diabetes.

Crossing the road we pass by a keepers-lodge and across the stonebridge we go to the opposite part of the garden.

Immediately on entering, the visitor is confronted by a group of Palaquium horneeiise, a tree yielding a gutta-percha of excellent quality. Following the aqueduct to the right we see on its border groups of other species of Palaquium and of Payena Leerii. The latter yields but a small crop of gutta-percha. One of these species the Palaquium gutta deserves fully our interest, because this is one of the few places where the tree

31

Hand-Guide to the

may be seen, because nearly everywhere the tree has been exterminated by the collectors of forest products. While the gutta-percha cau be collected by making cuts in the bark and while this process may be repeated over and over again it' one gives the tree the necessary rest it is still easier to cut tiie whole tree. Thus the natives cut off all further supply and not only that but they do not even get all the gutta-percha present in the tree at the time of felling. The leaves also contain guttapercha and experiments in the laboratory have tought that in regular cultivation it may be won advantageously from them.

Turning into the narrow road between the beds with Paijena Leerii and the ironwood, EusideroxijIon Zivageri, we reach on turning to the left beds with Java- and Assam tea. The lowly cut shrubs are treated in the way usual in tea-estates. At regular intervals the young leaves are picked, and after having withered a little they are rolled either by hand or by machines. After this they are exposed during a couple of hours to the action of the air to obtain a brown red color and a good flavour. This process is called fermentation. Finally they are dried and after sorting the crop is ready for sale. If one allows the tea shrub to grow naturally it forms a rather tall tree as is here shown by some specimens of the Assam-tea.

A little further on one soos on the right two other species of Falaquiuin viz P. Treuhii var. parvifolium and P. oblong ifolium, the latter affording an excellent product. On the right again observe a group of Swietenia mahagoni, the mahagony-tree. On the left there is an old Liberian-

32

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

s beeri i coffee garden with trees planted more crowded than

While ' usual. Keeping tiiis road we pass by a bed of Caesal-

uts ic i pinia coriaria usually expanding its fragrant blossoms

! ovei quot; and mostly bearing fruit at the same time, riie fruits

r rest are peculiar S-shaped pods, containing much tannine

3s cut and known as „Dici-Dioiquot;. Subsequently one passes by

lo not a group of „Cinnamonquot; trees (_vCinna,monum zeijlanicntii¹''),

t the whose flowers have a nauseous odonr. The loaves

i and have a clove-flavor and the root-bark contains camphor.

Jular Opposite to the cinnamons there is a bed with Anacardium

hem. occidentale (djamhoe monjet) the fruits of which are

with known as „Cashew nutsquot;. A peculiarity of this tree

geri, is that during the process of fruit-ripening the peduncle

and swells to the size of an apple. The tree is said to be

way a gumproducer.

ung Finally we remark on the loft the Lepidadenia

hey Wightiana („tangkalakquot;)-containing a considerable quan-

this tity of fat in fruitflesh and seeds. Returning and

ion following the road between the cinnamons and Divi-Divi

ui;. beds we have in front of us some specimens of Calotropis

are yiyantea (\badoeri^,,). The fruits of this plant contain

me fine silky seed-hairs. On the right there is a group

ier ^! of Fourcroya yiyantea, which in its large swordlike

he ¹ leaves contains a very strong fibre the „Mauritius

hempquot;. To the right of this some varieties of the true Cottonplant are met with. This plant does not do well in Buitenzorg, the climate being too moist. Going on we pass by a bod of Andropoyon muricatus (Alcar wanyi). The roots contain a very fragrant essential oil and are used, especially in British-India, for the

33

Hand-Gukle to the

manufacture of matting, baskets etc. Tlie first cross-road on the left leads past a bed with Androjmc/on nardus („sereh wanc/ï'). Tlie leaves of this species yield a large quantity of an essential oil (citronella-oil). Next to it some few specimens of Agave rUjlda nrr. Sisalana are planted; their leaves afford tlie „Sisal-liempquot;. Further on we find some Sanseviera's affording fibre also, and En/thro.n/Jon holivianum, a coca species of slower growth- and containing less alcaloid than the L\ Coca.

Finally we meet with some species of Cardamon and Muranta. indica, containing in their rhizomes a kind of starch know by tha oi arrow-root. Turning into the road to the right tlie visitors sees, on the right, a group of Dryohalonops aromatica a tree from Sumatra, vielding tlie „Bat 'os camphorquot; or „horiicolquot;. The tree has lost much of its importance however as now its product is made artificially. On the right there is a special part for annuals. There we find Sesamum indiemi {„iridjeri') Polyyala oleifera botli with seeds containing much oily substance; Corchorus capsnlaris affording tlie _rijute'ⁿ or yffjoenr fibre; ylndropof/on Schoenanthus („sereh'''), yielding a fragrant oil; Orthosiphon stuiiihieus („Koeinis I'detjimf) and finally some rows of hidif/oferagalegoides (taroem oetan). Walking along we meet on the right hand again, with two bods with Baros camphor between which some specimens of the poorly growing „coir-tree'ⁿ (Galacto-deudron utile) have been planted. This tree can be tapped for its sweet tasting milkjuice.

On the left we have some small groups of plants to be tested as to their pharmaceutical value, for instance:

34

Botanic Garden Buitenzorg.

Sohindra grandiflora, Tilia cor a acuminata, Ancistrocldus Vahlii, Popou ia pisocarpa. Further on the visitor meets again with Theobroina Cacao and with Th. hicolor. Next to it on the right there is a group of Kopsia f acida and on the left one of Strophanthns dichotomus, a robust climber with fine flowers and peculiar bull-horn shaped fruits. The seeds contain siropihantine used as a remedy against some forms of heart-disease. Further on our attention is caught' by some fine trees (CastiUoa elastica) native of S. America, the trunks of which are covered with scars left after the tapping of the India-rubber.

In the bed on the right there are a few young specimens of Dalhergia latifolia („sono Mivgquot;) affording very fine timber. Turning to the left at the corner of the Castilloa-hci. we have on the right a group of Cynometra rami flora. Turning to the right once more we see on the left hand a species of grape introduced from Cochin-China.

Further on we meet with a group of Cola acuminata. This tree affording the well-known „Kolanuf\ usually bears fruit and flowers in large numbers at the same time. Visitors interested iu fotherplants will find in this part of the garden many kinds of different countries. Is^Text to the kola there is a small group of Haematoxijlon Campechianum, aflording the „logwoodquot;. In the bed opposite to it we have Marsdenia tinctoria used in Sumatra as an indigo-plant and a little further on Urostigrna Vogelii. This tree can be tapped for the so called Laf/os-rubber, a kind inferior to the one of the Urostigrna elasticum.

Instead of crossing the ravine bij the stonebridge we

35

Hand-Guide to the

return and follow its banks as far back as the Castilloa-bed. Turning there to the left we have an opportunity of observing some rubber-producing climbers (species of Willughbeiu). Opposite to it see I sop ter a horneënse, the seeds of which yield a solid fat (minjak tengkawang). Behind this plot Musa mindanensis will be seen, the leaf-sheaths of which afford the „Manilla-hemp^. Next to I sopt era horneënse a group of Shorea stenoptera will be found. The large seeds contain a great quantity of a solid fat, called „tenglcawangquot; also.

A rustic bridge leads across the ravine to the division of pharmaceutical plants and further on a stone bridge to the nursery near to which a small museum is found, containing a collection of seeds and products of the garden. Passing by the house of tlie Chief of the Division we are again at the point from where we started.

INDEX

or

SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR NAMES,

\

MESDAMES VAN SPEYBROUCK SACRÉ 4 Co,

by appointment of

H. M. Hie Queen lt;»1* Siani

B ATAVI A near the Hotel of H. E. the Vice Admiral

LADIES OUTFITS.

Lastest fashions, Silk Mousselines, Tissus, etc.

kom\gsimj:i\ west/z. LARGE ASSOBTMENT OF

HIGH GRADE CYCLES

FOl!

Ladies and Gentlemen Keep a JLarj^e Stock of duplicate Parts. Annex a Cycle School.

iTIEID. liTID.

SIGAHEIT MAGAZIJN

Rijswijk — quot;Weltevreden LARGE ASSORTMENT OF EXCELLENT

S IB lt;3- -A_ IR, S

HAVANNAH DUTCH AND MANILLA

CIGARETTES

Egyptian, Russian, Manilla, Java.

TOBACCO

ENGLISH, DUTCH, INDIAN (RANO)

ALSO COGNAC, WHISKY, WINES. GIN

imported hy Messrs. E. DIM.01' amp; Co.

UADEMAkEKS CHOCOLADE

AND

Japanese Goods and Curios.

KOOMANS amp; Co.

Telefoii Xo. 540.

COMMISSION AND EXPEDITION AGENTS SUPERIOR DUTCH SEGARS

OFFICE:

HOTEL des IN DES No. 1.

Custom House Entries Made and Goods Shipped to Any port-

PAUL

COIFFEUR. PARFUMEUR.

R IJ S W IJ K.

Fournisseur de Son Excellence le

Gronvernoixr-GénérHl des Ind.es Neei'landai.ses

FRENCH IIAIIIDRESSING SALOON

FOK

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN BROSSES MÉCAN1QUES, FAUTEUILS AMERICA1NS.

„Maatschappij Onderlinge Hulpquot; NOORDWIJK.

GENERAL STORES

ALL KINDS OF PROVISIONS, HOUSEHOLD GOODS LADIES ARTICLES.

ARTICLES DE LUXE.

STATIONERY, LAMPS, TOYS etc «te. Open all day.

STAM amp; WEIJNS.

X O O I? O W IJ K.

OPPOSITE THE

JAVA HOTEL

Cuisiniers, Patissiers, Glaciers RESTAURANT OPEN ALL DAY

IDXJ JOXJR,

American Bar. Indian Bodega.

J, GROENEVELD,

NOORD WIJK,

TOBACCO AND SIGARETTES Greece, Spanish and Cape WINES.

7 AIT AUCEEH amp; Co.

JEWEIMS - WATCHMAKERS - ENf,HAVERS

BATAVIA — SOERABAVA.

An Immense Stoek of Assorted

G0£D, MB SILVER ARTICLES

OF

INDIAN WORKMANSHIP.