eK

Contributions to the knowledge
of the Young-Caenozoic Ostracoda
from the Malayan region

»ff

RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT TE UTRECHT
III

Faculteit Aardwetenschappen

2616 042 8

J. Th. KINGMA

Universiteit Utrecht

1

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE
YOUNG-CAENOZOIC OSTRACODA FROM THE
MALAYAN REGION

V»

N-v IT—

\'\'Äti--

V

r/

[Das ^^ \' \'

5 >4-

1P.7- In -

OQ]

Contributions to the knowledge
of the Young-Caenozoic Ostracoda
from the Malayan region

PROEFSCHRIFT

TER VERKRIJGING VAN DEN GRAAD VAN
DOCTOR IN DE WIS- EN NATUURKUNDE
AAN DE RIJKS-UNIVERSITEIT TE UTRECHT,
OP GEZAG VAN DEN RECTOR MAGNIFICUS
Dr H. WAGENVOORT, HOOGLEERAAR IN DE
FACULTEIT DER LETTERENEN WIJSBEGEERTE,
VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN DEN SENAAT DER
UNIVERSITEIT TEGEN DE BEDENKINGEN "
VAN DE FACULTEIT DER WIS- EN NATUUR-
KUNDE TE VERDEDIGEN OP MAANDAG 18
OCTOBER, DES NAMIDDAGS TE 3 UUR.

DOOR

JACOBUS THEODORUS KINGMA

GEBOREN TE SOEKABOEMI, JAVA

Bibliotheek

inssitüui voor aardwatenschapiaen
Budapestlaan 4
3584 CD Utrecht

1948

KEMINK EN ZOON N.V. — UTRECHT — DOMPLEIN 2

PROMOTOR :
Prof. Dr G. H. R. von Koenigswald

Toen ik, na mijn candidaats-examen in 1938, met vacantie
naar Indië ging teneinde mijn Ouders op te zoeken, vermoedde
ik niet, dat dit een studie-onderbreking van zeven jaren zou
worden.

In Indië aangekomen werd ik nl. onmiddellijk opgeroepen
voor den Militairen Dienst, terwijl de bezetting van Nederland
het mij later onmogelijk maakte naar Utrecht terug te keeren.
Goede en slechte ervaringen heb ik in deze zeven jaren opge-
daan, waarbij ik vooral vol afgrijzen terugdenk aan de krijgs-
gevangenschap onder de Japanners, in welken tijd mij een
eventueel afstudeeren schier onbereikbaar leek.

Met groote voldoening is het dan ook, dat ik thans bij het
einde van mijn academische studie de gelegenheid heb U,
Hoogleeraren aan de Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht, te danken
voor hetgeen gij gedaan hebt voor mijn universitaire vorming.

In de eerste plaats gaan mijn gedachten uit naar mijn
eersten leermeester, wijlen Prof. Dr L. M. R. RUTTEN. Im-
mers hij was het, die mij de beginselen der Geologie bijbracht
en wiens streven er altijd op gericht was van ons bruikbare
menschen te maken. Helaas moest ik bij mijn terugkomst in
Nederland vernemen, dat deze gedenkwaardige man juist eenige
dagen tevoren was overleden.

Hooggeleerde VON KOENIGSWALD, Hooggeschatte Pro-
motor, onze vriendschap dateert reeds van jaren her en het
is, tot mijn groot genoegen, een merkwaardige samenloop van
omstandigheden, dat juist gij myn Promotor moest worden.
Ik dank U voor Uw goede kameraadschap en voor de wijze
waarop gij mij met raad en vooral met daden terzijde hebt
gestaan in zaken, die van het allergrootste belang voor mij zijn
geweest.

Hooggeleerde TROOSTER, hoewel ik slechts korten tijd van
Uw ervaring heb kunnen profiteeren, acht ik het mij toch een
voorrecht onder Uw leiding te zijn afgestudeerd. Het gevoel
voor de „dingen" in de Geologie hebt gij in mij aanzienlek
versterkt.

Hooggeleerde NIEUWENKAMP, de wijze waarop gij mij
inzicht hebt verschaft in vele theoretische kwesties, hoe hypo-
thesen steeds door nieuwe vervangen kunnen worden, zijn voor
mij van blijvende waarde.

Hooggeleerde VENING MEINESZ, ik dank U voor de wijze,
waarop gij mijn kijk op de Geophysica hebt verhelderd.

Verder zou ik mijn dank willen betuigen aan den Dienst van
den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië, waarbij ik als assistent-
geoloog werkzaam ben geweest. Deze tijd is ongetwijfeld leer-
zaam voor mij geweest en ik wil hén danken, al zijn het er
niet velen, die zich het lot van een nog-niet-afgestudeerden
geoloog hebben aangetrokken. Vooral denk ik daarbij aan den
Mijnbouw Geoloog wijlen Ir J. DUYFJES, aan wien ik gedu-
rende 1941 was toegevoegd. Helaas heeft hij de krijgsgevan-
genschap niet mogen overleven.

Hooggeleerde HELD, U dank ik voor de wijze, waarop gij,
tijdens onze krijgsgevangenschap, ons lot verlicht hebt met Uw
niets ontzienden humor en Uw vertellingen over de Ethnologie
in het algemeen en die van Nieuw-Guinea in het bijzonder.

De „Bataafsehe Petroleum Maatschappij" ben ik ten zeerste
verplicht voor het beschikbaar stellen der voortreffelijke mon-
sters uit Bodjonegoro, Oost-Java.

Zeergeleerde RAVEN, Uw merkwaardig origineele kijk op
het leven is immer een toetssteen voor mij geweest.

Waarde VAN DIJK, met genoegen zal ik altijd terugdenken
aan dezen tijd, waarin gij en uw staf mij in allerhande zaken
terzijde stond. Als blijk van mijn achting en sympathie heb
ik één van de ruigere Ostracoden uit deze collectie naar U
genoemd.

Jaairgenooten, oud-leden van het Utrechtsch Studenten
Corps en gij tijdgenooten, goed is de tijd geweest, waarin wij
tezamen aan deze Universiteit mochten studeeren; moge het
U in de toekomst naar wensch gaan.

Met dankbaarheid denk ik aan mijn Ouders, die mij, niet-
tegenstaande er een oorlog overheen is gegaan, in staat stelden
mijn eens begonnen studie te voltooien. Het vervult mij echter
met weemoed, dat mijn Vader dit niet heeft mogen beleven.

Contributions to the knowledge
of the Young-Caenozoic Ostracoda
from the Malayan region

by

J. TH. KINGMA
Geological Institute,
University of Utrecht,
HOLLAND

1948
Kemink Printers
Utrecht

PREFACE

During my stay in the Indies, my attention was drawn to
Ostracods from the Neogene of Western Java; unfortunately
the war interrupted my work and my collection was destroyed.
Although Ostracods may prove to be at least as useful as any
other group of fossils, the study of this subject has been practi-
cally neglected in the Malayan region.

Notwithstanding the fact that considerable geological and
palaeontological work was carried out in the Netherlands East
Indies by the Geologcial Survey, little attention has been paid
to Ostracods and smaller Foraminifera until now. The Tertiary
sedimentary complexes generally consist of very monotonous
series and the stratigraphical columns are mainly based upon
lithological characteristics while Molluscs, larger Foraminifera
and in a few cases Vertebrates were used. The subdivision of
these complexes and correlation of stratigraphical horizons has
not been very successful in using these fossils. Ostracods and
smaller Foraminifera may still prove to be very useful in this
respect.

Ostracods, discussed in this paper, are from the following
localities:

1. Atjeh (North Sumatra). The samples were collected by
Professor S. G. TROOSTER at the time he was working as a
field-geologist with the „Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij"
and they were presented by him to our Institute several
years ago.

2. Bodjonegoro (East Java). Several years before the war
an exploratory drilling to a depth of more than 2000 metres was
carried out by the „Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij". The
management of this Company, was so kind as to put 151 core-
samples from this bore hóle at my disposal, for which I am very
much indebted to them. The smaller Foraminifera of this
column are being worked by my colleague Mr L. BOOMGAART.

10

3. Southern Kendeng area (East Java). Ostracods have
been studied from three locahties:

a. S a n g i r a n. The Ostracods were collected by Professor
Dr G. H. R. VON KOENIGSWALD in the year 1938 from
the marine lower beds of the Sangirandome. These Ostracoda-
bearing strata are of special interest, because they underlie
the famous Pithecanthropus deposits.

b. and c. Fentoek and Kloemprit. Two localities
in more or less the same horizon, but located farther to the
East. These samples were kindly presented to our Institute
by the Geological Survey of the Netherlands East Indies.

4. Java sea. The material collected by the Snellius-Expedi-
tion 1929—1930 is at present in the Geological Institute of
Groningen, Holland. Bottom samples from three stations have
been selected, giving an idea of the recent Ostracodafauna of
this region.

This paper begins with a chapter on hinge-patterns of the
principal Caenozoic genera, as in my opinion these patterns are
the most important features in classifying Ostracoda. This
point of view has already been mentioned by several other
authors, but, until now, the data have not been compiled. This
compilation is an attempt to serve as a key for beginners,
supplementing Dr VAN DEN BOLD\'s useful paper. This author
did not sufficiently emphasize the importance of hinge-patterns,
which may be ascribed to the poor illumination used at that
time at our Institute.

I want to express my gratitude to Professor Dr G. H. R. VON
KOENIGSWALD for his invaluable advice in preparing this
paper and for putting the Sangiran material at my disposal; to
Professor S. G. TROOSTER, who kindly served as a "trait
d\'union" with the „Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij" in
obtaining the Bodjonegoro core-samples; to Mr L. BOOM-
GAART, who revised the EngHsh text; to Mr J. H. M. VAN
DIJK, who has drawn the accompanying maps.

Finally I wish to express my appreciation to my wife, for
typewriting the manuscript; although she was not familiar with
the subject, her understanding, patience and remarks were of
great help to me.

11

The work preliminary to the compiling of this paper has
been carried out by the author during the last fourteen months
and the experience obtained on this subject at the Geological
Survey of the Netherlands East Indies, while working under
the supervision of Dr W. MÖHLER of the „Bataafsche Petro-
leum Maatschappij" enabled me to tackle the problem in so
short a period.

All the type specimens described in this paper from Atjeh,
Bodjonegoro, Kendeng and Java-Sea will remain in the micro-
paleontological collection of the „Mineralogisch-Geologisch In-
stituut" of the State University of Utrecht, Holland. The D-
numbers refer to the slides in this collection.

All the Ostracoda figures have been drawn by the author.

CONTENTS.

page.

Preface..................9

A. Contribution to the study of the hinge-patterns ... 15

I. Introduction.............15

II. The principal Caenozoic genera.......16

III. The patterns.............19

B. Stratigraphy...............44

I. Southern Kendeng region.........44

II. Atjeh, North Sumatra..........49

III. Bodjonegoro, Eastern Java........54

IV. Recent Ostracoda from the Java Sea .... 60

C. Systematic descriptions...........62

D. Summary and conclusions..........100

Bibliography................103

Illustrations.

Figure. page.

1. General sketch map of the Netherlands East Indies . . 45

2. Sketch map of Middle- and East Java......47

3. Sketch map of Atjeh, showing the localities .... 52

Plate.

I- V Hingte structures............34

VI-XI Described Ostracoda...........108

■ ...... ■

15

A. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE
HINGE-PATTERNS.

I. Introduction.

This chapter has been written more particulary for those who
are not acquainted with Ostracoda work.

There are five definite characteristics by which fossil Ostra-
cods may be classified, viz.:

1. General outline.

2. Valve ornamentation.

3. Marginal-zone with the porecanals.

4. Muscle-scar-pattern.

5. Hingement.

In my opinion this last characteristic is of the utmost impor-
tance, a fact not sufficiently emphasized by VAN DEN BOLD
in his key on tertiary and cretaceous Ostracoda. The occurrence
of hinges in the Ostracoda valves produces an important deter-
mination characteristic and for this reason I have summarised
the data. In comparing them it appeared that indeed all genera
possess a different hingement, though some are a variation on
the Cythereis-theme. The principal points in studying these
hinges are: the length in comparison with the length of the
valve, the width of the hinge, the terminal dentition areas, the
groove or bar in between and the area above this groove or bar.
Is the general line of the hinge parallel to the ventral margin
or not? Dr J. H. GERMERAAD a.o. has drawn the same con-
clusions and I take this opportunity to thank him for some
valuable suggestions.

16

II. The principal Caenozoic genera.
Ordo: OSTRACODA Latreille.

Subordo I. PLATYCOPA Sars.

Family: CYTHERELLIDAE Sars, 1865.

1. (a) Genus: Cytherella Jones, 1849.

2. (a) „ Cytherelloidea Alexander, 1929.

3. (a) „ Ankumia v. Veen, 1932.

4. (a) „ Staringia v. Veen, 1936.

5. (a) „ Platella Coryell and Fields, 1937.

Subordo II. FODOCOFA Sars.

Family CYPRIDAE Baird, 1846.

Subfamily 1. Pontocyprinae Sars, 1925.

6. (a) Genus: FontocypHs Sars, 1865.

7. (a) „ Erythroeypris Müller, 1894.

8. (a) „ Argilloecia Sars, 1865,

Subfamily 2. Macrocyprinae Müller, 1912.

9. (a) Genus: Macrocypris Brady, 1867.

Subfamily 3. Cyprinae Sars, 1925.

10. (a) Genus: Paracypris Sars, 1865.

11. (a) „ Krausella Ulrich, 1894.

12. (a) „ Phanasymmetrica Roth, 1929.

Family: BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1887.

13. (a) Genus: Bythocypris Brady, 1880.

14. (a) „ Bairdia Mc. Coy, 1844.

15. {t) „ Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample & Jennings,

1935.

16. (t) „ Triebelina v. d. Bold, 1946.

17. (a) „ Antibythoeypris Jennings, 1936.

I) (a) adont.
(t) = taxodont.
(h) = heterodont.

17

Family: CYTHERIDAE Baird, 1850.
Subfamily 1. Cytherideinae Sars, 1925.

18. (t) Genus: Cythere O. F. Müller, 1785.

19. „ Cytheridea Bosquet, 1852.

This genus has been split into several other
genera by Stephenson, Triebel a.o.
(vide 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27).

20. (t) „ Haplocytheridea Stephenson, 1936.

21. (t) „ Cytheridea Stephenson, 1936.

22. (i) „ CUthrocytheridea Stephenson, 1936.

23. (t) „ Leptocytheridea Stephenson, 1937.

24. (t) „ Anomocytheridea Stephenson, 1938.

25. (t) „ Dolocytheridea Triebel, 1938.

26. (t) „ Perissocytheridea Stephenson, 1938.

27. {t) „ Hemicytheridea, N. Gen.

28. (t) „ Paracyprideis Klie, 1929.

29. (a) „ Krithe Brady, Grosskey & Robertson, 1874.

30. (a) „ Eucythere Brady, 1866.

31. (a) „ Habrocythere Triebel, 1941.

32. (a) „ Cuneocythere Lienenklaus, 1894.

33. (h) „ Apatocythere Triebel, 1941.

34. (t) „ Ruttenella v, d. Bold, 1946.

35. {t) „ Microcythere Müller, 1894.

36. (t) „ Paracytheridea Müller, 1894.

37. (h) „ Leptocythere Sars, 1925.

Subfamily 2. Cytherinae Dana, 1852.

18

51. (h) Genus: Isocythereis Triebel, 1941.

52. (h) „ Anticythereis v. d. Bold, 1946.

53. {h) „ Pyricythereis Howe, 1936.

54. (h) „ Leguminothereis Howe, 1936.

55. (h) „ Basslerites Howe, 1937.

56. (h) „ Campylocytkere Edwards, 1944.

57. (h) „ Acuticythereis Edwards, 1944.

58. (h) „ Caudites Coryell & Fields, 1937.

59. (h) „ Paijenborchella, N. Gen.

60. (h) „ Tanella, N. Gen.

61. (h) „ Cativella Coryell & Fields, 1937.

62. (h) „ Thalmannia Ie Roy, 1939.

63. (h) „ Javanellay N. Gen.

Subfamily 3. Loxoconchinae Sars, 1927.

64. (h) Genus: Loxoconcha Sars, 1865.

65. ,, Cytheropteron Sars, 1865.

66. (i) Subgenus: Cytheropteron Alexander, 1933.

67. {t) „ Eocytheropteron Alexander, 1933.

68. (t) Genus: Kangarina Coryell & Fields, 1937.

69. (t) „ Orthonotacythere Alexander, 1933.

Subfamily 4. Bythoc3rtherinae Sars, 1926.

70. (a) Genus: Bythocythere Sars, 1865.

71. (a) „ Jonesia Brady, 1866.

72. (a) „ Pseudocythere Sars, 1865.

73. (a) „ Monoceratina Roth, 1928.

74. (t) „ Luvula Coryell & Fields, 1937.

75. (h) „ Neomonoceratina, N. Gen.

Subfamily 5. Cytherurinae Müller, 1894.

76. (h) Genus: Cytherura Sars, 1865.

77. (h) „ Eucytherura Müller, 1894.

Subfamily 6. Xestoleberinae Sars, 1926.

78. (f) Genus: Xestoleberis Sars, 1865.
Subfamily 7. Paradoxostominae Müller, 1894.

79. (t) Genus: Pellucistoma Coryell & Fields, 1937.

80. (a) „ Paradoxostoma Fischer, 1855.

19

III. Thepatterns.

Four kinds of hinge-systems can be distinguished:

1. Adont — without teeth, generally a groove in the outer
margin of the larger valve; the outer margin of the smaller
countervalve fits into this groove.

2. The Archycythereis hingement — the whole group of the
Crustacea throws off their carapace several times in imma-
ture stages. Each stage is larger than the foregoing, so
giving room for the growing Crustacean body. The carapace
ornamentations of these immature stages show great dif-
ferences in comparison with the adult stages. Moreover,
the hingement, which is heterodont in the adult, is taxodont
in the immature form. The Archycythereis stages of the
Taxodont group are also Taxodont, but less pronounced.
Howe & Law established the genus Archycythereis for
these forms; this name has no real generic value. We are
now, however, able to name the immature stages. In the
past several genera were established, which afterwards
appeared to belong to these Archycythereis-stages. For a
detailed description of the hingement of this genus, vide
nr. 39 of the Taxodont group.

3. Taxodont — crenulated areas at or near the cardinal angles
in one valve, corresponding with sockets in the other valve.
These terminal dentitions (sockets) are connected by a
crenulate groove (bar).

4. Heterodont — heavy teeth, smooth or serrate, occur in one
or both valves, often with a carved ridge or groove between
them.

From the above mentioned list it appears, that the greater
part (2/3) of the Ostracods are hinge-bearers. In examining
Ostracods, the hinge pattern may already supply sufficient in-
formation for generic classification. In case of adontism, the
general outline and the ornamentation, the scar and if present,
the marginal area, are to be used as characteristics in classifi-
cation. For this group reference is made to VAN DEN BOLD\'s
paper. My observations on this subject, together with data from
the wide-spread literature are compiled in the following pages.

THE TAXODONT GROUP.

20

15. Genus: Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample & Jennings, 1935.
PL I, Fig. 1.

The left valve hingement of these small, bairdia-shaped
Ostraeoda consists of a groove in the dorsal margin; above
this groove a ridge. This groove-ridge system disappears
before the middle of the posterior and anterior slope is
reached. Further downward, dorsally from the angulations
at the ends of the valve and within the overlap margin,
there are short series of transverse teeth and sockets sup-
ported by the internal marginal platform.

16. Genus: Triebelina Van den Bold, 1946.
Pl. I, Fig. 2.

Hingement of the right valve with two terminal smooth
teeth truncated into a separating bar; the central portion
of this bar depressed, separated from the dorsal margin
by a furrow. Left valve hinge, obscured by the overlying
dorsal margin, consisting of terminal sockets connected by
a shallow depression below these sockets; below the depres-
sed area there is a bar, most prominent in its central part.

18. Genus: Cythere O. F. Müller, 1785.
PI. I, Fig. 3.

Right valve hingement consists of two terminal crenulate
dental areas with a groove between them. These elements
are not situated on a straight line, while the teeth are
situated below this line. The groove is pitted and deepest
in its central part. The terminal teeth are rather strong,
giving them a heterodont appearance. Left valve hinge
exactly the complement of the right.

19. Genus: Cytheridea Bosquet, 1852.

According to Van den Bold, 1946, the genera, established
by Stephenson a.o., have been brought back to the rank of
subgenus, as the hinges are slightly different. However,
this difference cannot be overlooked and I will follow
Stephensons suggestion, giving them their former generic
place.

20. Genus: Haplocytheridea Stephenson, 1936.
PI. I, Fig. 4.

The right valve hingement consists of two elongate dental

21

areas, each of which is divided into several cusps. Between
these terminal dentitions, along the dorsal margin and
separated from it by a faintly incised line, lies a ridge of
equidimensional minute crenulations. The left valve hinge-
ment is the complement of the right.

21. Genus: Cytheridea Stephenson, 1936.
PI. I, Fig. 5.

The hinge of the right valve consists of four elements i.e.
an anterior cusped tooth, running from the outer to the
inner edge and most prominent at the dorsal edge. The
posterior tooth is likewise built and more prominent at the
inner edge; between these two terminal teeth lies a serrate
groove consisting of two parts, an anterior and a posterior
part, separated from each other by a diamond-shaped notch.
The overhanging dorsal margin often obscures the hinge
system. The left valve hinge is exactly the complement of
the right.

22. Genus: Clithrocytheridea Stephenson, 1936.
PI. I, Fig. 6.

The hinge of the right valve contains two truncated,
notched dental areas, separated from each other by a short
crenulate groove. The inter socket ridge of the left valve is
rather prominent.

23. Genus: Leptocytheridea Stephenson, 1937.
PI. I, Fig. 7.

Hinge of the right valve with elongate terminal dentitions,
notched, forming 8—10 small cusps. A slender wellin-
trenched crenulate groove connects these dental areas and
is most prominent immediately behind the anterior tooth
and less pronounced as it approaches the posterior dentition.
The hinge structure is poorly developed. Left valve hinge
pattern just the complement of the right.

24. Genus: Anomocytheridea Stephenson, 1938.
PI. I, Fig. 8.

The right valve hinge starts with an anterior, finely-ser-
rated tooth, a postjacent elongate socket, which may be
faintly crenulate. Posteriorly from this socket a tooth is
present, which is inconspicious in the beginning and more
pronounced and serrate at the end, although there are less
cusps than in the anterior tooth.

22

25. Genus: Dolocytheridea Triebel, 1938.
PI. I, Fig. 9.

Hingement of the right valve consists of two terminal
teeth with a smooth ridge between them. The posterior
tooth may be serrate, or both teeth are smooth.

26. Genus: Perissocytheridea Stephenson, 1938.
PI. I, Fig. 10.

The hinge structure difinitely shows affinities to that of
the genus Clithrocytheridea (22). The bar connecting the
terminal sockets in the left valve is more elongate and
higher in the anterior part. This bar is separated from the
dorsal margin by a faintly incised line, which fits the
dorsal margin of the smaller right valve.

27. Genus: Hemicytheridea, N. Gen.
PI. II, Fig. 1.

Hingement in the right valve with an anterior socket,
merging into a serrate groove and a posterior tooth. The
anterior socket is divided into 3—4 smaller compartments
separated from each other by 2—3 vertical ridges. These
ridges are drawn out ventrally into 2—3 tooth-like cusps,
fitting into a shallow groove below the anterior tooth in
the left valve. The groove is deepest in the anterior part.
The posterior tooth is rather heavy, more or less triangular
and serrate. The left valve hingement is exactly the com-
plement.

28. Genus: Paracyprideis Klie, 1929.
PI. II, Fig. 5.

Hingement in the right valve with terminal, smooth,
narrow, long teeth with an intermediate groove. In the left
valve terminal sockets and a smooth bar.
34. Genus: Ruttenella v. d. Bold, 1946.
PI. II, Fig. 2.

Hinge in the left valve consists of an anterior crenulate
socket, followed by a raised and denticulate part of the
dorsal margin. At the posterior cardinal angle the margin
curves upward to form the dorsal wall of a socket, fitting
the posterior tooth of the right valve. In the right valve
an elongate, crenulate dental area is present, containing a
postjacent notched groove. A strong pointed tooth is found
at the posterior end of the groove.

23

35. Genus: Microcythere Müller, 1894.
PI. II, Fig. 4.

The hinge pattern in these small Ostracoda is difficult to
observe. The valves are rather variable in size, sometimes
the left overlapping the right or the reverse. The hinge
teeth are always situated on the smallest valve. Two hinge
systems were drawn by Müller (1894). To my opinion we
may divide this genus into two subgenera:

1. with terminal, smooth, flat teeth in the right valve.

2. with terminal small teeth and an intermediate smooth
to serrate bar in the left valve.

Dorsal margin arched in both groups. The teeth are not
strong enough to place this genus among the heterodonts.

36. Genus: Paracytheridea Müller, 1894.
PI. II, Fig. 3.

Hinge in the right valve with a faintly developed posterior
tooth and crenulate edge, extending over the entire length
of the hinge margin. The anterior part of this margin is
taxodontly notched. In the left valve: posterior socket,
crenulate edge and taxodontly notched anterior part. The
teeth of this tooth system fit exactly between those of the
opposite valve.
39. Genus: Archycythereis Howe & Law, 1936.
PI. II, Fig. 7.

Hinge in the right valve with terminal crenulations and
a crenulate groove between them. In the left valve terminal
crenulate sockets open towards the interior of the valve
with a finely notched bar connecting them. The "whole
hingement is weak in appearance. The following "moult
genera" have been established a.o.:
Cytheridella Howe.
Navecythere Coryell & Fields.
Buntonia Howe.
Favella Coryell & Fields.
Paracythereis Jennings.
49. Genus: Protocythere Triebel, 1938.
PI. n. Fig. 6.

Hingement in the right valve with terminal denticulate
areas, separated by a strongly serrate groove. The left valve
hingement is just the complement. This genus differs from

24

Cythere Müller 1785 and Clithrocytheridea Stephenson
1936 by the outline of the terminal teeth, being more robust
and br^kder in Protocythere (other differences: marginal
area ahd general outline).

66. Subgenus: Cytheropteron Alexander, 1933.
PL III, Fig. 1.

Hingement in the right valve with terminal ridge-like teeth,
each of which shows several small, round cusps; between
these denticulations a shallow, notched, furrow. The teeth
are more or less equal in size and placed on the anterior
and posterior slope of the valve; the groove is slightly
arched. These cusps are not ridge-like as in Cytheridea
and set at right angles to the long axis of the tooth, but
small and round. The left valve is just the complement of
the right valve, with terminal sockets and a crenulate bar
between them. This bar and furrow complex is very poorly
developed in some Cretaceous species, but becoming more
pronounced towards the Upper-Tertiary.

67. Subgenus: Eocytheropteron Alexander, 1933.
PI. IH, Fig. 2.

These wingless Ostracoda have a rather primitive hinge
pattern, with terminal ridge-like elevations; each ridge
bearing a series of small round teeth in the right valve and
corresponding notched sockets in the left valve. There is
no bar connecting these sockets as in Cytheropteron, but
the hinge margin is finely denticulate in both valves. The
teeth of one valve fit the sockets between the teeth of the
other valve. The median teeth are but slightly smaller than
those of the two terminal series of the right valve.

68. Genus: Kangarina Coryell & Fields, 1937.
PI. H, Fig. 8.

The hingement of the left valve consists of a median
crenulated bar, heavier crenulated towards the ends, with
terminal long, narrow, obliquely arranged, serrate teeth.
Above and below the bar some room is spared to receive
the heavy dorsal and ventral walls of the groove in the
opposite valve, however, without forming distinct grooves.
The right valve with terminal sockets and intermediate
groove. The dorsal wall of the groove is formed into a
heavy bar. The ventral wall is much narrower and bears

25

terminal crenulations, fitting the terminal crenulations of
the bar in the left valve.
69. Genus: Orthonotacythere Alexander, 1933.
PI. Ill, Fig. 4.

The hinge in the right valve shows terminal dentitions
with a notched furrow between them. The terminal denti-
tions are stronger built than in Cytheropteron and are
situated on a straight line with the groove. The left valve
hingement is the complement of the right-valve-hinge.
74. Genus: Luvula Coryell & Fields, 1937.
PI. Ill, Fig. 3.

Hingement in the left valve with terminal blade-like teeth
connected by a narrow bar. Right valve hinge pattern with
terminal sockets and a connecting, narrow groove. The
sockets are formed by extensions of the inner surface shell
below the cardinal angles. The teeth are not strong enough
to place this genus in the Heterodont-group. The genus
Macrocytherina has the same hingement; it is somewhat
stronger developed. There is no reason to maintain this.
There may be some synonymy with Cytherura.

78. Genus: Xestoleberis Sars, 1865.
PI. II, Fig. 9.

Hinge in the right valve consists of a finely denticulate
anterior ridge, occupying nearly half the length of the
hinge margin, a posterior tooth with numerous small cusps;
between these two terminal denticulations a narrow,
shallow crenulate groove. The hingement of the larger left
valve is exactly the complement of the right valve hinge
pattern, somewhat obscured by the overhanging dorsal
margin.

79. Genus: Pellucistoma Coryell & Fields, 1937.
PI. II, Fig. 10.

Left valve hingement with an anterior long, blade-like
somewhat triangular tooth. From this tooth a long, narrow
serrate bar extends backward and terminates at the poste-
rior cardinal angle; above this bar and parrallel to it a
narrow line-shaped groove, fitting the narrow dorsal edge
of the right valve. Right valve with an anterior socket and
crenulated groove. The ventral wall of the socket is formed

26

by a toothlike structure projecting- from the inner surface
just below the anterior cardinal angle, leaving the cavity
open at the anterior and posterior end; the posterior
cardinal angle of the right valve is somewhat angular by
the development of a sharp, small hook on the dorsal
margin; this hook fits the posterior end of the bar of the
left valve.

27

THE HETERODONT GROUP.

33. Genus: Apatocythere Triebel, 1941.
PL HI, fig. 5.

Hinge in the right valve with terminal smooth teeth. The
anterior tooth much larger than the posterior. Between
these teeth a strong, smooth bar. The larger left valve has
no teeth; only sockets and groove are present. Above this
groove lies a furrow-like depression, fitting the dorsal edge
of the right valve.
37. Genus: Leptocythere Sars, 1925.
PL III, Fig. 6.

Hinge in the right valve with terminal teeth and inter-
mediate bar. Behind the anterior tooth a small socket
merging into a serrate narrow furrow. Socket and groove
are situated below the bar. Left valve hingement the com-
plement of the right.

40. Genus: Cytheromorpha Hirschmann, 1909.
PL III, Fig. 7.

Hinge in the right valve with an anterior socket and post-
jacent tooth. Behind this tooth again a small socket. The
sockets merge into each other above the tooth; from here
a groove runs backward curving round the posterior denti-
culation, consisting of two teeth and an intermediate small
socket (enveloping tooth). The left valve hingement is
exactly the complement.

41. Genus: Cytheretta Müller, 1894.
PL HI, Fig. 8.

Right valve hingement consists of a strong anterior tooth,
which is highest at the anterior side. The postjacent socket
is deeper anteriorly and becomes shallow posteriorly,
merging into a long serrate groove. The posterior tooth
is ovate, elongate, with the highest part at the posterior
side. Left valve hinge-margin is the complement of the
right, but the bar between the terminal sockets is strongly
built, with tooth-shaped ends.

42. Genus: Atjehella, N. Gen.
PL HI, Fig. 10.

Hingement in the right valve with terminal teeth and a
groove between them. This groove, shallow in the anterior

28

part, becomes deeper and slightly serrate on the posterior
side, merging into a small socket just in front of the
strong, outwardly directed, smooth posterior tooth. The
anterior tooth is elongate, carved and triangular in dorsal
view. The left valve hinge is the complement of the right,
sockets open towards the interior. Besides these hinge
elements the left valve is provided with an "anti-slip" tooth
just below the anterior socket.

43. Genus: Paracytheretta Triebel, 1941.
PI. Ill, Fig. 9.

Hinge of the right valve with terminal teeth. The anterior
tooth is smooth, except for a sharp ridge on its posterior
part. On the posterior side there is a large socket, merging
into a serrate groove. This groove becomes very narrow
towards the posterior. The posterior tooth is large and
rectangular. The left valve-hingement is exactly the opposite
of the right valve hinge pattern. There is some similarity
with Cythereis, although differences may be observed, as
the S-shape of the anterior tooth and the sockets which are
open towards the interior.

44. Genus: Hemicythere Sars, 1926.
PL IV, Fig. 1.

Hinge in the right valve with a knob-shaped anterior tooth.
The broad, postjacent socket merges into a narrow groove,
terminated by an ovate, outwardly directed posterior tooth.
The general hinge line is curved and situated more in the
posterior part of the carapace. Dorsal and ventral margins
converge towards the posterior end though not as strong
as in Pyricythereis. Left valve hingement is the complement
of the right; sockets mostly open towards the interior.

45. Genus: Brachycythere Alexander, 1933.
PI. IV, Fig. 2.

Hinge in the right valve consists of a strong knob-shaped
anterior tooth and postjacent socket, a slight furrow
extending over the entire length of the hinge margin and
a compressed, finely serrate, posterior tooth, triangular
in side view. In the left valve a deep anterior socket is
found and immediately behind it a strong tooth. Posteriorly
from this tooth there is a strong bar, free from the dorsal
margin except at its posterior end; here it joins the dorsal

29

margin just in front of a long narrow socket. Above this
bar a shallow groove is visible, fitting the dorsal edge of
the lower right valve.
46. Genus: Alatacythere Murray and Hussey, 1942.

Hinge in the right valve consists of an anterior S-shaped
tooth and a postjacent deep socket. From this socket a long
straight, finely crenulate, groove extends backward, at
the posterior side ending\' in an elong-ate, very strong,
crenulate tooth. Left valve hinge-pattern with terminal
sockets. The anterior one is S-shaped. Behind this anterior
socket a tooth; a rather strong serrate bar extends
backward.
PI. IV, Fig. 3.
47 (48) Genus: Cythereis Jones, 1849.
PI. IV, Fig. 4.

Hinge structure in the right valve consists of a knob-
shaped anterior tooth, postjacent a deep socket merging
into a groove, at the posterior side ending in a knob-shaped
tooth, which is usually smaller than the anterior one. In
the left valve an anterior socket, a postjacent strongly built
tooth and a posterior socket. Between the tooth and the
posterior socket the dorsal margin forms an elevated bar,
which fits into the right valve groove. The posterior tooth
in the right valve is sometimes more or less compressed
and serrate. Sometimes the left valve bar is also serrate.
In lower-cretaceous forms the anterior tooth of the right
valve is slightly carved. However, this characteristic disap-
pears in the upper-cretaceous and eocene types. The dorsal-
and ventral margins are parallel.
48. Subgenus: Pterigocythereis Blake, 1933.
PI. IV, Fig. 4.

An alae-bearing Cythereis with the same hinge-pattern.

50. Genus: Platycythereis Triebel, 1941.
PI. IV, Fig. 5.

This genus differs from Cythereis in the outline of the
terminal teeth in the right valve; these teeth cannot be
distinguished from Isocythereis (51).

51. Genus: Isocythereis Triebel, 1941.
PI. IV, Fig. 5.

As already mentioned in the genus Cythereis (47), the

30

lower-cretaceous forms have a more or less serrate anterior
tooth. Some of these lower-cretaceous forms were called
Isocythereis and Platy cythereis by Triebel. Hingement in
the right valve of Isocythereis consists of a strong anterior
tooth, which is subdivided into a high posterior- and a low
anterior part. The tooth at the posterior end of the hinge-
line is compressed and serrate. Other differences with
Cythereis are the broad marginal area and the more com-
plicate scar pattern.

52. Genus: Anticythereis Van den Bold, 1946.
PL IV, Fig. 4.

Hingement as in Cythereis. The right valve, however, is
larger than the left one.

53. Genus: Pyricythereis Howe, 1936.
PL IV, Fig. 6.

Hingement much alike Cythereis, but the groove, parallel
to the dorsal margin in the right valve and also the hinge
bar in the left valve, are distinctly crenulate. The dorsal-
and ventral margins strongly converge towards the
posterior end.

54. Genus: Leguminocythereis Howe, 1936.
PL IV, Fig. 7.

Hingement as in Cythereis, but the overlap of the left valve
at the posterior angulation is well-developed, forming a
distinct thickening at the junction of the dorsal and poste-
rior margins.

55. Genus: Basslerites Howe, 1937.
PL IV, Fig. 8.

Hinge in the right valve consists of a high, strong, anterior
tooth below a depression in the dorsal margin. A postjacent
deep socket merges into a groove, with more or less pro-
nounced ridges on the dorsal and ventral side. At the
posterior end this groove forms a high, outwardly pro-
jecting tooth. Hinge of the left valve with a deep anterior
socket. The anterior end of this socket is open towards the
interior. The narrow high tooth and bar of this left valve-
hingement are separated from the dorsal and ventral edge
of the hinge margin by parallel grooves and terminated by
a deep, ovate socket at the posterior end.

31

56. Genus: Campylocythere Edwards, 1944.
PI. IV, Fig. 9.

Hingement of right valve with a narrow anterior tooth,
triangular in side view and highest at the anterior side;
postjacent an elongate socket, deepest at the posterior side.
This socket is open towards the interior of the valve.
At the posterior side the socket merges into a finely
serrate groove on the edge of the infolded dorsal margin,
terminated posteriorly by an ovate, outwardly projecting
tooth, which is highest in the posterior part. Left valve
hingement beginning with an anterior overlap; below this
overlap a socket, deepest at the anterior side, open towards
the interior. On the infolded dorsal margin there is a post-
jacent crenulate bar, whose anterior end is sligtly raised,
forming a low narrow tooth. The posterior socket is partially
open towards the interior.

57. Genus: Acuticythereis Edwards, 1944.
PI. IV, Fig. 10.

The hinge-pattern shows much resemblance with Campy-
locythere (56). The anterior tooth in the right valve is more
bluntly pointed and moreover, curves under the postjacent
socket. The left valve hingement is the complement.

58. Genus: Caudites Coryell & Fields, 1937.
PI. V, Fig. 1.

Hinge in the right valve with a high, rounded anterior
tooth and a shallow, postjacent, elongate socket. This
socket merges into a narrow, slightly curved, groove,
ending at the posterior side in an elongate, low tooth.
Socket and groove are finely serrate. The left valve hinge-
ment is the complement.

59. Paijenborchella, N. Gen.
PI. V, Fig. 2.

Hingement in the right valve with terminal teeth, a very
strong and knob-like anterior- and a small, rather narrow
posterior one. Behind the anterior tooth there is a large
socket, situated on and excavated into the dorsal end of
the median sulcus. Between this socket and the posterior
tooth there is a coarsely serrated groove. The left valve
hinge is the complement of the right and is moreover pro-
vided with an "Ausweichfurche", which is broadly incised

32

in the overhanging dorsal edge. In comparison with the
size of the valve, the hingement is rather large.

60. Tanella, N. Gen.
PI. V, Fig. 3.

Hingement in the right valve consists of a very thin hinge-
margin with two terminal teeth. The anterior tooth is
elongate, rather low in dorsal view. The posterior tooth is
blunt, rectangular and outwardly directed. Left valve hinge
with a large posterior socket, merging into a line-shaped
groove. This groove becomes broader and deeper anteriorly,
to fit the anterior tooth of the right valve. As this socket
is entirely open towards the interior of the valve, a more
or less elongate, triangular tooth (anti-slip tooth) is formed
below this socket on the interior side of the valve, preven-
ting the anterior tooth from slipping out of its socket.

61. Genus: Cativella Coryell & Fields, 1937.
PI. V, Fig. 6.

Hingement shows some similarity with Cythereis. The
anterior tooth in the right valve, however, consists of two
parts of equal height, separated from each other by a
shallow depression. The posterior tooth is elongate and
serrate. The left valve hingement is the complement. The
genus Navecythere Coryell & Fields 1937, is a moult-form
of this genus.

62. Genus: Thalmannia Le Roy, 1939.
PL V, Fig. 4.

Hinge in the right valve with terminal, straight to slightly
curved, low, smooth to faintly cusped teeth, with an inter-
mediate crenulated groove. The left valve hingement shows
terminal, rather shallow sockets with an intermediate
cusped bar. The anterior part of this bar is more pronounced
than the posterior part.

63. Javanella, N. Gen.
PL X, Fig. 6.

Right valve hingement with a narrow, finely serrated
groove along the entire dorsal margin, somewhat wider
near the antero-cardinal angle. Below this area, built on the
interior of the valve, there is a narrow, elongate tooth
(anti-slip tooth). Left valve without teeth, the dorsal edge
is finely notched, fitting the right valve groove.

33

64. Genus: Loxöconcha Sars, 1865.
PL V, Fig. 7.

Hingement in the right valve terminal horseshoe-shaped
teeth. The anterior tooth is open at the dorsal side; the
posterior part is larger than the anterior. The posterior
tooth is open at the ventral side. The socket in the
centre of the anterior tooth merges into a shallow groove,
parallel to the dorsal margin; at the posterior end
it merges with a curve around the anterior part of the
posterior tooth into a socket, situated in the centre of the
posterior horseshoe. The left valve hinge pattern is the
complement. The groove and ridge are distinctly crenulate
in recent and later-tertiary species, smooth in cretaceous
forms. The terminal teeth are also much less developed in
early-tertiary species. The strength of the hinge structure
tends to increase during the Tertiary.

75. Genus: Neomonoceratina, N. Gen.
PI. V, Fig. 5.

Hingement in the right valve consists of two rather strong
terminal teeth. Immediately behind and somewhat below
the anterior one there is a large socket open towards the
interior of the valve. A serrate groove projects forward
from the anterior side of the posterior tooth, merging into
the anterior socket. Left valve hingement shows a large
anterior socket, a postjacent strong tooth and a posterior
socket. From the dorsal side of the tooth a finely crenu-
lated bar runs backward into the dorsal wall of the posterior
socket. Both sockets are open towards the interior of the
valve.

76. Genus: Cytherura Sars, 1865.
PL V, Fig. 8.

Hingement of these small Ostracoda with terminal teeth in
the right valve; posteriorly to the anterior tooth and
anteriorly to the posterior tooth there are sockets, connected
by a groove. Left valve is the complement. The immature
specimens are sometimes adont.

77. Genus: Eucytherura Müller, 1894.
PL V, Fig. 9.

Hinge in the right valve with terminal flat, elongated teeth
and a connecting narrow groove, which may be finely
crenulate. Left valve is the complement.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

34

Figs. 1. Bairdoppilata sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. right valve hingement.....(t) 15

2. Triebelina sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. right valve hingement.....(i) 16

3. Cythere sp.,

a. interior of right valve;

b. right valve hingement;

c. dorsal view of right valve hinge . . (t) 18

4. Haplocytheridea sp.,

a. general outline of right valve;

b. dorsal view of the hinge;

c. right valve hingement;

d. and e. scars in the Cytheridea group {t) 20

5. Cytheridea sp.,

a. left valve hingement;

b. right valve hingement;

c. dorsal view of the hingement . . . (t) 21

6. Clithrocytheridea sp.,

a. dorsal view of the hingement;

b. right valve hinge ......(t) 22

7. Leptocytheridea sp.,

a. right valve hingement;

b. dorsal view .........(t) 2S

8. Anomocytheridea sp.,

a. right valve hingement;

b. dorsal view.............(0 24

9. Dolocytheridea sp.,

a. right valve hinge;

b. dorsal view;

c. interior of right valve.....(t) 25

10. Perissocytheridea sp.,

a. dorsal view;

b. interior of left valve;

c. left valve hingement;

d. right valve hingement.....(i) 26

3a

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

36

Figs. 1. Hemicytheridea sp.,

a. interior of right valve;

b. left valve hinge;

c. dorsal view.........(t)

2. Ruttenella sp,,

a. interior left valve;

b. right valve hinge.......(i) 34

3. Paracytheridea sp.,

a. interior left valve;

b. exterior left valve;

c. right valve hinge;

d. left valve hinge.......(0 36

4. Microcythere sp.,

a. interior of right valve;

b. and c. left valve hingement of group 2;
d. and e. right valve hingement of

group 1 it) 35

5. Paracyprideis sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. right valve hingement;

c. dorsal view .........(i) 28

6. Protocythere sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. dorsal view;

c. right valve hinge.......(t) 49

7. Archycythereis sp.,

a. left valve hinge;

b. right valve hinge.......(t)

8. Kangarina sp.,

a. interior right valve;

b. right valve hinge;

c. left valve hinge.......(i) 68

9. Xestoleberis sp.,

a. right valve hinge;

b. inside view right valve.....(0 78

10. Pellucistoma sp.,

a. left valve hinge;

b. hingement of right valve;

c. outline left valve;

d. interior right valve......(t) 79

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

38

Figs. 1. Cytheropteron sp.,

a. right valve hinge;

b. and d. different outlines of the genus;

c. dorsal valve-view . ......(t) 66

2. Eocytheropteron sp.,

a. hingement of right valve;

b. dorsal view;

c. right valve.........(t) 67

3. Luvula sp.,

a. right valve hingement;

b. interior of right valve.....(t) 74

4. Orthonotacythere sp.,

a. right valve hinge;

b. dorsal view;

c. outline of right valve . . . . . (t) 69

5. Apatocythere sp.,

a. interior of right valve;

b. dorsal view right-valve-hinge;

c. right valve hinge;

d. left valve hinge.......(h) 33

6. Leptocythere sp.,

a. interior left valve;

b. right valve hinge . . . . \' . . . (k) 37

7. Cytheromorpha sp.,

a. interior right valve;

b. left valve hinge;

c. right valve hinge.......(h) 40

8. Cytheretta sp.,

a. left valve, inside view;

b. right valve hinge.......(h) 41

9. Paracytheretta sp.,

a. interior right valve;

b. left valve hinge.......(/i) 4j3

10. Atjehella sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. right valve hinge;

c. dorsal view of right-valve-hinge . (h) 42

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

40

Figs. 1. Hemicythere sp.,

a. interior left valve;

b. outline of left valve;

c. d. and e. right-valve-hinge patterns {h) 44

2. Brachycythere sp.,

a. interior left valve;

b. right valve hinge.......(fe) 45

3. Alatacythere sp.,

a. outline left valve;

b. dorsal view of right valve;

c. right valve hinge;

d. left valve hinge.......(i^) 46

4. Cythereis sp.,

a. outline of right valve;

b. interior of left valve;

c. and d. right- and left valve-hinge;

e. and f. left- and right valve-hinge . {h) 47, 48, 52

5. Platycythereis (isocythereis) sp.,

a. interior of right valve, showing the hinge;

b. dorsal view of right valve hinge . . {h) 50, 51

6. Pyricythereis sp.,

a. right valve hinge;

b. interior of left valve......{h) 53

7. Leguminocythereis sp.,

a. interior of right valve;

b. left valve hinge.......(i^) 54

8. Basslerites sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. and c. right and left valve hinge . (Ji) 55

9. Campylocythere sp.,

a. dorsal view of the carapace;

b. interior of right valve;

c. and d. right- valve hinge;

e. left valve hinge.......56

10. Acuticythereis sp,,

a. interior of right valve;

b. and c. left and right valve hinge;

d. outline of right valve;

e. the mafginal zone......(fe) 57

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

42

Figs. 1. Caudites sp.,

a. outline of right valve;

b. interior of right valve;

c. right valve hinge.......(h) 58

2. Paijenborchella sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. right valve hinge.......(h) 59

3. Tanella sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. right valve hinge.......(h) 60

4. Thalmannia.,

a. outline of left valve;

b. interior of left valve;

c. right vajlvej hinge......{h) 62

5. Neomonoceratina sp.,

a. right valve hinge;

b. interior of left valve.....{h) 75

6. Cativella sp.,

a. right valve;

b. interior of right valve;

c. right valve hinge . . . . . . (h) 61

7. Loxoconcha sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b., c. and d., several right valve hinges (h) 64

8. Cytherura sp.,

a. and c. outlines of left valves;

b. and d. interiors of right valves;

e. and f. right valve hinges . . . (h) 76

9. Eucytherura sp.,

a. interior of left valve;

b. and c. outlines ;

d. right valve hingement.....(h) 77

Pidte V.

44

B. STRATIGRAPHY.

1. SOUTHERN KENDENG REGION.

Material has been collected from three places, more or less
located in the same horizon along the southern slope of the
Kendeng Hills. The principal site, Sangiran, is situated at about
12 km. north of the town of Soerakarta. The other localities,
Pentoek and Kloemprit, are located further to the East. (Fig. 1
and 2).

TABLE 1

During the last century the Sangiran site has been visited by
several scientists, Schmulling, Verbeek and Fenne-
m a, Martin and Dubois. P. E. C. Schmulling, 1864,
has first mentioned the vertebrate remains in this region. The
first geological map was compiled by L. J. C. van E s in 1981,
who used the Mollusca fauna for correlation purposes. In 1934,
G. H. R. von Koenigswald visited the area and since much
fossil material has been collected, among which the Fossil Ho-
minids are of paramount importance. After the discovery of the
Pithecanthropus sculls, the area was once more geologically
investigated in 1937 by Von Koenigswald and Van
Bemmelen; their results in general confirmed, the data
already published by Van E s. A short note about this second
investigation is published in the „Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen
in Nederlandsch Indie, 1936—1937, p. 32" and in Von K o e-
n i g s w a 1 d\'s paper on Pithecanthropus. During the follo-
wing 2 years collecting of fossil material was carried out with

46

the aid of the Carnegie Institution and Rockefeller Foundation.
During this period a material rich in Mollusca has been collected
from the Upper Pliocene marine sandstones, forming the base of
our column in Sangiran; the samples from these sandstones
have yielded the Ostracoda under discussion. The more or less
circular Sangiran dome is cut by the Tjemoro, an antecedent
stream; consequently a complete stratigraphical section can be
observed in this place.

TABLE 2.

Two samples, one from the Klitik formation near Pentoek
village and one from the Ngronan formation near Kloemprit
river, have been examined. AsDr Van Bemmelen kindly
informed me, the late J. D u y f j e s, a member of the Geolo-
gical Survey, accepted an Upper Kalibeng age for the Klitik beds
and a early Poetjangan age for the Ngronan Beds.

47

48

TABLE 3.

List of Ostracods from the Kendeng region.

Cytherella cribrosa ................X........

„ leroyi ..................X........

„ sangiranensis ....................

Cytherelloidea atmai ..............X........

„ bangkoensis (var.) . .X . .X ....

„ javana ............X........

Cythere kloempritensis ......................

Clithrocytheridea atjehensis ........X........

Hemicytheridea reticulata..........X........

Cytherideis seuroelensis............X........

Atjehella semipUcata ..............X........

Hemicythere pentoekensis ....................

Cythereis cribriformis ....................X

„ dekroom ..........................

„ kendengensis ......................

„ papuensis ............. .X........

„ reticuUneata ............X........

roesmani ..........................

roesmani var. rugosa................

„ scutigera ................X......X

„ vandijki ................X......X

Cavdites medialis var. javana........X........

Tanella gracilis....................X........

Javanella kendengensis ......................

Loxoconcha pentoekensis ....................

„ sinensis ..........................

Eocytheropteron sp. 1.......................

Neomonoceratina microreticulata..............

Cytherura sumatrensis ............X........

Xestoleheris foveolata ....................X

„ cf. variegata ..................

Total species: 31 ..................16. .1 .

49

II. ATJEH, NORTH SUMATRA.

Through the courtesy of Professor S. G. Trooster the
Geological Institute of Utrecht received material from the
Upper Tertiary of Atjeh, sampled, during his fieldwork with
the „Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij" (Figs. 1 and 3).
As only a superficial investigation has been carried out

TABLE 4.

50

in this part of the Netherlands East Indies by the Geological
Survey, samples from this region are hardly available. Nothing
has been published until now on Ostracoda palaeontology of
the Atjeh Tertiary. It is hoped that the following data stimu-
late a closer investigation in due time.

The Upper Tertiary of North Sumatra has been divided on
lithological grounds into several horizons by J. Zwier-
z y c k i, C. W. A. P. \'t H o e n and other members of the Geo-
logical Survey (1920).

For their stratigraphical column, reference is made to Table 4.

In later years this region has been sporadically visited by
younger geologists of the Geological Survey of the Netherlands
East Indies (Van Bemmelen a.o.), but the stratigraphical
column has not essentially been altered. However, they assigned
the entire Djoelo-Rajeu Horizon to the Lower Pleistocene, also
on the strength of lithological data. Gostingh pointed in
this direction, in connection with results obtained on Mollusca.

According to the work of Van Es, Von Koenigs-
wald and Van Bemmelen in the Kendeng region, a
Pleistocene age is accepted for the lacustrine-terrestrial deposits
of the Upper-Sangiran layers and an Upper Pliocene age for
the subjacent marine sandstones, which are equivalent in age
with the Upper Kalibeng formation.

It appears, that the Seuroela Horizon and the investigated
horizon of the Kendeng area (vide chapter B, I) have more
than 50 % of the Ostracoda species in common. Consequently
the Seuroela Horizon is proposed to be considered of Upper
Pliocene age. However, it is evident, that more data are neces-
sary to unravel the true stratigraphical position of the deeper
parts of this column.

TABLE 5.
Ostracoda from the Atjeh region.

.........X

.........X

.........Z

.....Z ..X

.........X

.........X

.X........

.Z........

.........Z

.Z........

.Z........

.........Z

.........Z

.........Z

.Z........

.........Z

.........Z

.........Z

.........Z

.Z..Z ..Z

.........Z

.....Z ....

.........Z

.........Z

.........z

.........z

.........z

.z........

.........z

.........z

.........z

.........z

.....z....

.........z

.........z

.........z

..........z

.7 ..4

Cytherella cribrosa ............

„ leroyi ..............

„ semitaMs............

Cytherelloidea atmai............

„ bangkoensis (var.)
„ javana ..........

sv.............. •

Macrocypris sp...............

Paracypris zealandica..........

Bythocypris sp.................

B air dia sp...................

Triebelina cf. cubensis ........

Clithrocytheridea atjehensis ....

Hemicytheridea reticulata......

Krithe bartonensis ............

Cytherideis ashermanni ........

„ seuroelensis ........

Atjehella semiplicata ..........

Cythereis cruysi ............

„ dictyon ............

„ hamata ............

„ keutapangensis ......

„ papuensis ..........

„ reticulineata ........

„ scutigera ............

„ vandijki ............

Caudites medialis var. javana .
Paijenborchella malaiensis ...,

Tanella gracilis................

Cytheropteron sp. F...........

sp. G...........

sp. H..........

sp. I........... -

Neomonoceratina columbiformis

Cytherura sumatrensis ........

Xestoleberis granulosa .......

sp...............

Total species: 37.............
.Z........

.Z........

.........X

.X........

.Z ..Z ....
.Z ........

.Z

.Z
.Z

.z. .z

.z

.z

.X

.X .

.z.
.z.

.X .
.X.

.....z....

.z........

.z

.z

.15..A ..8

52

LIST OF LOCALITIES IN THE ATJEH-REGION.

1. Blang Oeno river, Beureugang-anticline; Tjoenda district,
Atjeh I.

Upper Seuroela horizon, dark grey arenaceous marl.
. Sample nr. 399—1932 of the geological collection in the
Geological Institute, State University of Utrecht.

2. Blang-Koembang river, Beureugang anticline; Tjoenda
district, Atjeh I.

Middle Seuroela horizon, grey marl.

Sample nr. 382—1932 of the geological collection.

3. Pale Teungkoe river, 2,4 km from the confluence with
Pira river; Pira district, Atjeh II.

Lower Keutapang horizon, dark grey clay.
Sample nr. 442—1932 of the geological collection.

53

4. Pale Teungkoe river, 3,5 km from the confluence with
Pira river; Pira district, Atjeh 11.
Middle Border clay, dark marly clay.
Sample nr. 384—1932 of the geological collection.
5-—6. Tjoetjoer river, 500 m from the confluence with Peutoe
river; Peutoe district, Atjeh II.
Lower Seuroela horizon, dark grey Mollusca marl.
Sample nrs. 395—1932 and 390—1932 of the geological
collection.

7. Tjoetjoer river, at the confluence with Peutoe river; Peu-
toe district, Atjeh II.

Upper Seuroela horizon, dark grey arenaceous marl.
Sample nr. 402—1932 of the geological collection.
8—9. Reudeuep river, at the confluence with Peutoe river;
Peutoe district, Atjeh II.
Middle Keutapang horizon, dark grey marls.
Sample nrs. 392—1932 and 428—1932 of the geological
collection.

10. Reudeuep river, 1,2 km from the confluence with Peutoe
river; Peutoe district, Atjeh II.

Middle Border clay, marly clay.

Sample nr. 408—1932 of the geological collection.

11. Peutoe river, 1 km from the confluence with Beudari
river; Peutoe district, Atjeh II.

Lower Border clay, marly clays.

Sample nr. 429—1932 of the geological collection.

12. Djoewa river, western part of the Peulaloe-Idi anticline;
Simpang Olim district, Atjeh II.

Middle Keutapang horizon, dark grey marl.
Sample nr. 418—1932 of the geological collection.

13. Upper course of the Baleh river; Djoelo Rajeu-Simpang
Ohm district, Atjeh II.

Lowermost part of the Djoelo Rajeu horizon (? Seuroela
horizon), clay.

Sample nr. 380—1932 of the geological collection.

54

III. BODJONEGORO, EASTERN JAVA.

Several years before the outbreak of the war in the Pacific
an exploratory drilling was put down by the „Bataafsche Pe-
troleum Maatschappij" in an area immediately North of Bodjo-
negoro (Fig. 2). The site is situated on Sheet 104 A of the geolo-
gocal map of Java — which is due West of Sheet 109 and 115 —
with the coordinates S 12000 m and E 5700 m from the NW
corner of the map.

TABLE 6.

Stratigraphical column of Sheet 109 and 115 (Soerabaya)
according to J. D u y f j e s (1938).

55

As a geological map of this region has not yet been published,
we only can compare our stratigraphical data with those from
the closest known area. The region of Soerabaya has been
mapped by J. D u y f j e s (Sheet 109 and 115) up to 25 km
East of Bodjonegoro. That the available data allow a comparison
of the stratigraphy observed at Bodjonegoro with D u y f j e s\'
stratigraphy of Sheet 109 and 115, is due to the fact, that the
layers of the Sheets 109 and 115 can directly be followed into
the surroundings of Bodjonegoro.

The drilling of Bodjonegoro was carried beyond the 2000 m
level into the Rembang Formation (Miocene). 151 Samples
from this drilled section were presented to the Geological Insti-
tute in Utrecht, by the „Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij",
to be examined for Ostracods and smaller Foraminifera.

TABLE 7.

Complete list of samples received from the Bodjonegoro dril-
ling. Samples containing Ostracoda have been marked with an

56

In order to simplify the distribution chart the results have
been combined into ranges of approximately 20 metres (vide
Tableur. 8).

The core samples generally consist of fine grained sediments
of the clay-, marl- or sandstone group; it is conspicuous, that
samples of limestone are absent in our collection. According to
D u y f j e s, several limestone horizons occur on Sheet 109 and
therefore could be expected in our material. It is not known to
us, wether the lack of limestone in our profile is due to the arti-
ficial selection of the samples or really represents the natural
conditions. The absence of these limestones made a determi-
nation of the various boundaries and a certain correlation with
known stratigraphical horizons extremely difficult.

However, some striking data point to the supposition of boun-
daries at 427, 658 and 1300 metres.

According to the clayey nature of the samples in the upper
part of the column and in connection with the fact that no
samples are available from 0—217 m, we may suppose that
representatives of the sandy Kaboeh Beds and the volcanic
facies of the Upper Poetjangan Beds are absent in our material
and that at 217 m the samples already belong to the lower part
of the Poetjangan Beds.

The upper part of our column (217—300 m) is definitely
clayey whereas from 300 m down to 427 m the core fragments
are much harder and even had to be boiled for désintégration.
However, the lower boundary of these beds is not conspicuous
in the reaction of the rock fragments when treated with hydro-
chloric acid (10 %).

Moreover, the colour which is a greenish-grey from 217 to
300 m, then changes to white and light-grey, which continues
to 427 m. From here to 658 m the reaction towards hydrochloric
acid remains practically the same, but the colour again becomes
a greenish-grey. At 658 m the reaction with hydrochloric acid
becomes definitely less in comparison with the higher samples.
The boundary line between Poetjangan and Upper Kalibeng is
assumed at 427 m which is not in contradiction with results
found by D u y f j e s in sheet 109. The transition from Upper
Kalibeng to Lower Kalibeng is assumed at 658 m.

From 1292 m downward the core samples show a much stron-
ger reaction with hydrochloric acid and the clayey character in

57

slibbing these samples practically disappears. It seems justified
to put the transition from the Lower Kalibeng beds to the Rem-
bang beds approximately at 1300 m. This coincides with a
remarkable change in the foraminiferal content of the slibbed
material between 1284 and 1338 m. A detailed distribution chart
of the smaller foraminifera will be published in the near future
by Mr L. B o o m g a a r t.

The distribution of Ostracods within this column hardly con-
firms the assumptions made above. Cytherelloidea sangkoeli-
rangensis, Pyricythereis mohleri and Cythereis hodjonegoroen-
sis are the only species confined to the range of 217 to 427 m.
As for the other boundaries, the distribution of Ostracoda does
not give any indications.

In general the number of the Ostracods in the samples is
small. Only in two cases I found a greater concentration viz.
from 316 to 335 m and from 973 to 985 m containing 87 and
122 specimens respectively. In my opinion this is due to ecolo-
gical circumstances only. While practically all genera can be
observed over great distances in the section, the remarkable
genus Cytherura is restricted to the lower part of the Lower
Kalibeng Beds.

TABLE 8.

58

Abundance of Ostracoda genera and species in the
Bodjonegoro column.

TABLE 9.

Ostracoda species in the Bodjonegoro column.

Cytherella posterotuherculata ................

„ punctata ..........................

„ truncata ........................

Cytherelloidea hangkoensis (var.) . .X . .X ....
„ bodjonegoroensis

„ rirnbai ........................

„ sangkoelirangensis..............

Argilloecia hiwanneensis ....................

Bythocypris indica ..........................

Bairdia cf. boeloenganensis ..................

„ gracilis ............................

„ cf. orientalis ........................

Krithe bartonensis ................X......X

„ javana ..............................

Paracytheridea tschoppi ......................

sp...........................

Hemicythere sp.............................

Cythereis bodjonegoroensis ..................

dacyi ............................

„ dictyon ................X........

keyi ..............................

Pyricythereis bodjonegoroensis ..............

„ mohleri ........................

Paijenborchella iocosa........................

„ malaiensis ..........X........

Loxoconcha cf. avellana ......................

Cytheropteron punctatum ....................

sp. A.........................

sp. B.........................

sp. C.........................

sp. D.........................

sp. E..........................

Kangarina sp...............................

Orthonotacythere orientalis ..................

Neomonoceratina macropora ..................

Cytherura bodjonegoroensis ..................

„ javana ..........................

„ (?)kaUbengensis ..................

„ cf. scutellata ......................

Xestoleberis curta ..........................

„ kalibengensis ....................

Species: Jtl........................i .. 1 .. 1

60

IV. RECENT OSTRACODA FROM THE JAVA SEA.

As is evident from the check-Hst, the Bodjonegorofauna is
completely different from the intimately related Atjeh and
Southern Kendeng faunae. It was therefore, that an exami-
nation of recent material from this region seemed very desir-
able. Samples from the Snellius-expedition (1929—1930),
which are kept at the Geological Institute of the State-Univer-
sity of Groningen, Holland, were a welcome addition to the ex-
amined fossil material. I am very much indebted to Professor
Dr P h. H. K u e n e n, Director of the abovementioned Institute,
for putting this material at my disposal.

Several samples from Snellius-stations in the Eastern part of
the Java Sea were examined, but only the samples from stations
25, 26, 29 (Fig. 1), contained Ostracoda.

TABLE 10.

61

The following Ostracoda have been found in the Java Sea
samples of the Snellius-expedition:

TABLE 11.

Ostracoda-species from the Java Sea

Cytherella semitalis................X....................

Cytherelloidea cingulata ..................................

Paracypris zealandica ............X....................

Krithe bartonensis ................X..............X ...,

Krithe radiolata ........................................

Archycythereis cf. militaris ..............................

Paraeytheretta snellii ..................................

Cythereis cribriformis ..................X..............

Cythereis keutapangensis ..........X....................

Cythereis cf. prava......................................

Cythereis scutigera ..............X ... .X..............

Cythereis vandijki ................X ... .X..............

Cythereis wyville-thomsoni ..............................

Loxoconcha semistriata ..................................

Cytheropteron sp. G...............X....................

Cytheropteron sp. J.....................................

Eocytheropteron sp. 2....................................

Neomonoceratina eolumhiformis ... .X....................

Xestoleheris foveolata ..................X..............

Total species: 19 ..................8 .... 4-........1 ....

Cythereis dictyon, collected by Brady along the northern
coast of Java and fragments of which were found at station 25,
can be added to this list. In consulting the above mentioned
species we arrive at the strange conclusion, that, except for the
two cosmopolitan forms Cythereis dictyon and Krithe bartonen-
sis, none of the Bodjonegoro Ostracoda are present in this recent
material (vide Distribution-Chart at the end of the paper),
while more than 50 % of these species is known from the Atjeh
and Kendeng regions.

62

C. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS.

Ordo: Ostracoda Latreille.

Subordo: Platycopa Sars.

Family: Cytherellidae Sars.

Genus: Cytherella Jones, 1849.

1. Cytherella cribrosa Brady (PI. VI, fig. 1).

Cytherella cribrosa Brady, 1880, p. 176, Pl.XXVI, fig. 5.

Egger, 1901, p. 468, PI. Ill, fig. 7.

Dimensions: L. 0,50; H. 0,29; W. 0,21.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 2, 5; Kloemprit.

D. 31891, 31892.

2. Cytherella leroyi, N. Norn. (PI. VI, fig. 2).

Cytherella truncata Le Roy, 1939 (non Brady, 1880).

Dimensions: L. 0,56; H. 0,28; W. 0,25.
Described by Le Roy from the Telisa formation (Miocene)
of Sumatra. The species-name "truncata" has already been
used by Brady in 1880.

Occurence: Atjeh loc. 5 and 6; Sangiran; Kloemprit.

D. 31893, —4, —5.

3. Cytherella posterotuberculata, N. Sp. (PI. VI, fig. 3).

Dimensions: L. 0,36; H. 0,27; W. 0,16.
Carapace highest anterior to the middle. Anterior end
broadly rounded, the posterior part is less rounded. Dorsal
and ventral margins convex. In dorsal view wedge-shaped;
posterior end rather truncate, widest in the postero-ventral
region, giving the carapace a triangular appearance in end
view. Carapace without ornamentation except at the
posterior end which shows several irregularly placed low
tubercles. Largest overlap of the right valve anteriorly of
the middle. There is some similarity with. C. confusa
lienenklaus, 1900.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 266—285; 292—296; 316—
335; 339—355; 620—630; 950—956; 973—
985 m.

D. 31896.

63

4. Cytherella punctata Brady, Var. (PI. VI, fig. 4).

Cytherella punctata Brady, 1866, p. 362, PL LVII, Fig. 2.

Brady, 1880, p. 174, PL XXXVI,
fig. 6.

Dimensions: L. 0,70; H. 0,40; W. 0,30.
Our form is more truncate than the form described by
Brady in 1866 and that one more than the form described
in 1880. The outline and ornamentation of the Bodjonegoro
species are exactly the same as those described by Brady.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 266—285; 316—335; 414—
427; 534—547; 557—577; 950—956 m.

D. 31897.

5. Cytherella sangiranensis, N. Sp. (PI. VI, fig. 5).

Dimensions: L. 0,45; H. 0,27; W. 0,16.
Carapace subovate, dorsal margin parallel to the ventral
ventral one and sometimes slightly convex. Both ends
evenly rounded. Greatest width posteroventrally, where a
more or less pronounced ridge occurs, running towards
the anterior end; here it is less strongly built, giving the
carapace a subquadrate shape in dorsal view. The female
specimens are shorter than the male specimens.
Occurrence: Sangiran.
D. 31898.

6. Cytherella semitalis Brady (PI. VI, fig. 6).

Cytherella semitalis Brady, 1867, p. 72, PL VIII, fig.
23—24.

Cytherella semitalis Brady, 1880, p. 175, PL XLIV, fig. 2.
Dimensions: L. 0,57, H. 0,31, W. 0,20.
Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 7; Java Sea, station 26.
D. 31899, 31900.

7. Cytherella truncata Brady (PI. VI, fig. 7).

Cytherella truncata Brady, 1867, p. 154, PL XIX, fig.
3—4.

Cytherella truncata Brady, 1880, p. 174, PL XXXVI,

fig. 3.

Dimensions: L. 0,67; H. 0,40; W, 0,22.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 316—335; 414»—427; 885—
903; 1555; 1656 m.

D. 31901.

Genus: Cytherelloidea Alexander, 1929.

64

Cytherelloidea atmai, N. Sp. (PI. VI, fig. 8).

Dimensions: L. 0,49; H. 0,28; W. 0,22.
Carapace elongate ovate in side view, with a well developed
surface sculpture. Dorsal and ventral margins straight to
slightly concave. Anterior and posterior ends broadly
rounded; in the right valve the anterior end is broader than
the posterior end. The ornamentation is the same in both
valves, with around the margin a very strongly built mar-
ginal rim, which is most pronounced in the posterior part.
The outer side of this rim is ornamented with a row of cir-
cular pits starting at the postero-ventral corner, running
along the entire ventral side, along the anterior extremity,
where they are very well developed, disappearing in the
middle of the dorsal margin. Just below the postero-cardinal
angle a heavy rim runs downward towards the centre of
the valve and from there forward, parallel to the dorsal
and ventral margins. This rim is connected with the dorsal
one by three short ridges in the central pit area and with
the ventral one by several inconspicuous ridges. In dorsal
view more or less wedge-shaped, posterior end truncate.
The male specimens are more elongate and less wide than
the female specimens.

Etymology: Named after a Javanese collector of Pro-
fessor Dr G. H. R. von Koenigswald.
Occurrence: Atjeh Loc. 1, 5 and 12; Sangiran; Pentoek.
D. 31902, —3, —4.

Cytherelloidea hangkoensis Le Roy, Var. (PI. VI, fig. 9).

Cytherelloidea hangkoensis le Roy, 1941, p. 615, PI. 83,

fig. 9, 10.
Dimensions: L. 0,40; H. 0,24; W. 0,16.
There is a great similarity with C. hangkoensis le Roy,
1941.

The outline of our specimens, however, are more ovate and
there are more ridges in the posterior part.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 7; Sangiran; Kloemprit; Bod-
jonegoro: 534—547; 950—956; 973—985;
1009 m.
D. 31905, —6, —7, —8.

65

3. Cytherelloidea bodjonegoroensis, N. Sp. (PI. VI, fig. 11).

Dimensions: L. 0,35; H. 0,22; W. 0,19.
Carapace ovate in side view. Dorsal margin straight, ventral
margin convex. Posterior- and anterior ends broadly roun-
ded, the latter slightly more. A marginal rim runs around
the entire periphery and is rather broad on the ventral
side. A sub-central pit occurs, encircled by a well-developed
rim, the posterior part of which is connected by a very short
ridge with the posterior part of the margin. The dorsal
side coincides with the dorsal part of the marginal edge.
Between the ventral side of the central ring and the
marginal elevation the space is divided into several com-
partments bij narrow, very inconspicuous ridges. In dorsal
view sub-wedge-shaped, truncate in the posterior and rather
blunt in the anterior part. The relief of the ventral part
of the central ring is most pronounced. Female specimens
somewhat shorter than the male specimens.

Occurence: Bodjonegoro 950—956; 973—985; 1009 m.

D. 31909.

4. Cytherelloidea cingulata (Brady). (PI. VI, fig. 10).

Cytherella cingulata Brady, 1880, p. 171, PI. XLIII,
fig. 1—2.

Cytherella cingulata Brady, 1867, p. 159, PI. XVII, fig.

24—25.

Dimensions: L. 0,62; H. 0,40; W. 0,29.
In the anterior end our specimen is broader than the one
described by Brady in 1880.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 25.

D. 31910.

5. Cytherelloidea javana, Le Roy (PI. VI, fig. 12).

Cytherelloidea javana Le Roy, 1941, p. 614, PI. 83, fig.

7—8.

Dimensions: L. 0,52; H. 0,31; W. 0,28.
Described by le Roy from the Miocene and Pliocene of
W.-Java.

Occurrence: Atjeh Loc. 1 and 5; Sangiran.

D. 31911, —12.

5

66

6. Cytherelloidea rimbai, N. Sp. (PI. VI, fig. 13).

Dimensions: L. 0,44; H. 0,28; W. 0,21.
Ovate in outhne, anterior extremity broadly rounded,
posterior end less rounded. The surface ornamentation is
pronounced, with ridges in the posterior- and pits in the
anterior part. Four more or less longitudinal rims can be
distinguished, which are connected by secondary ridges,
not distinct in the ventral region and well-developed in the
dorsal part, especially where they curve around a sub-
central pit, divided into two compartments by a very thin
ridge. Blunt wedge-shaped in dorsal view.

Etymology: Named after one of the native surveyors of
the Geological Survey of the N.E.I.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 339—355; 909—915; 973—
985; 1009; 1051 m.

D. 31913.

7. Cytherelloidea sangkoelirangensis Le Roy (PI. VI, fig. 14).

C. sangkoelirangensis le Roy, 1941, p. 616, PI. 83,

fig. 13—14.

Dimensions: L. 0,64; H. 0,37; W. 0,32.
Described by Le Roy from the younger Miocene of Sang-
koelirang bay, E.-Borneo.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 816—335 and 368—386 m.

D. 31914.

8. Cytherelloidea sp. (PL VI, fig. 15).

Dimensions: L. 0,77; H. 0,49; W. 0,32.
Only one complete specimen is available; the carapace is
elongate ovate, equal in height. Anterior and posterior
extremities well rounded. The left valve is overlapped by
the right one all along the margin. Surface sculpture
consists of several poorly developed ridges in the posterior
part. Anteriorly to these rims the surface is smooth with
a narrow marginal rim which becomes less pronounced in
the central part of the dorsal and ventral margins. Dor-
sally from the centre of the valve a shallow, rather large
pit occurs, which is open towards the dorsal edge of the
valve. This species differs from C. umhonata Edwards,
1944, in having a less broad marginal rim. C. montgome-
ryensis Howe, 1934, has a more pronounced ridge system

67

and a median pit which is closed dorsally. C. hiwanneensis
Howe, 1934, has a somewhat other outline and is broader
in the anterior. This may be a new species.
Occurence: Atjeh loc. 11.
D. 31915.

Subordo: Podocopa Sars.
Family: Cypridae Baird.
Subfamily: Pontocyprinae Sars.
Genus: Argilloecia Sars, 1865.

1. Argilloecia hiwanneensis Howe & Lea (PI. VI, fig. 16).

A. hiwanneensis Howe & Law, 1936, p. 25, PL I, fig.
25—29.

A. hiwanneensis Van den Bold, 1946, p. 64, PL III,
fig. 7.

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,24; W. 0,18.
Occurrence: This species has been observed at Bodjone-
goro throughout the entire column.

D. 31916.

Subfamily: Macrocyprinae G. W. Müller.
Genus: Macrocypris Brady, 1868.
1. Macrocypris sp. (PL VI, fig. 17).

Dimensions: L. 0,51; H. 0,20; W. 0,18.
Only two indistinct, closed valves have been collected. Right
valve larger than the left one. Muscle-scar-area not clearly
visible but more or less circular and situated in the centre
of the valve.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 11.
D. 31917.

Subfamily: Cyprinae Sars.
Genus: Paracypris Sars, 1865.

1. Paracypris zealandia (Brady) (PL VI, fig. 18).

Phlyctenophora zealandica Brady, 1880, p. 33, PL III,

fig. 1.

68

Paracypris zealandica G. W. Müller, 1912, p. 126.

E. C. Fyan, 1916, p. 1 (1175),
fig. 17.

Dimensions: L. 0,87; H. 0,42; W. 0,40.
This species has been described by Fyan from the Upper-
Pliocene of Atamboea, Timor.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 2 and 5; Java Sea, station 25.

D. 31918, —19.

Family: Bairdiidae Sars.

Genus: Bythocypris Brady, 1880.

1. Bythocypris indica, N. Sp. (Pi. VI, fig. 19).

Dimensions: L. 0,38; H. 0,19; W. 0,14.
Carapace bean-shaped in side view, mroe or less equal in
height, somewhat higher in the anterior. Both extremities
well-rounded. Dorsal margin slightly convex and ventral
margin slightly concave. Left valve larger than the right
one, strongly overlapping on dorsal and ventral side; valve
surface smooth. In dorsal view elliptical and widest behind
the middle. The males are straighter and less rounded in
the posterior part. There is some similarity with B. obtusata
(Sars), but our specimen is much smaller. There may be
some relationship with Bythocypris sp. as figured by V. d.
Bold from the Miocene of Cuba.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 316—335, 620—630 and 973—
985 m.

D. 31920.

2. Bythocypris sp. (PI. VI, fig. 20).

Dimensions: L. 0,72; H. 0,43; W. 0,21.
Three closed valves have been collected, two of which are
rather damaged.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 11.

D. 31921.

Genus: Bairdia McCoy, 1844.

1. Bairdia cf. boeloenganensis (Doeglas) (PI. VII, fig. 1).

Nesidea boeloenganensis Doeglas, 1931, p. 36, PI. IV,

fig. 4.

69

Dimensions: L. 0,76; H. 0,54; W. 0,37.
Only two specimens are available, one of which may be a
moult. They are more or less related to the form described
by Doeglas, but more spindle-shaped in dorsal view.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 1656 m.
D. 31922.

2. Bairdia gracilis Alexander (PL VII, fig. 2).

Bairdia gracilis Alexander, 1929, p. 60, PI. II, fig. 16, 17.
Dimensions: L. 0,79; H. 0,48; W. 0,32.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 534—547.
D. 31923.

3. Bairdia cf. orientalis (Doeglas) (PI. VII, fig. 3).

Nesidea orientalis Doeglas, 1931, p. 37, PI. IV, fig. 5.
Dimensions: L. 0,76; H. 0,48; W. 0,40.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 1476 and 1656 m. (in both
samples one specimen).

D. 31925.

Genus: Triebelina Van den Bold, 1946.

1. Triebelina cf. cubensis Van den Bold (PI. VII, fig. 4).

r. cubensis V. d. Bold, 1946, p. 74, PI. V, fig. 4.
Dimensions: L. 0,57; H. 0,28; W. 0,27.
One well-preserved right valve has been found. There
seems to be a close relationship with T. cubensis, as des-
cribed by Van den Bold from Guatamala, which shows the
same rugose ends. Our form, however, is more reticulate.
Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1.
D. 31926.

Family: Cytheridae Baird.
Genus: Cythere O. F. Müller, 1785.

1. Cythere kloempritensis, N. Sp. (PI. VII, fig. 5).

Dimensions: L. 0,57; H. 0,33; W. 0,30.
Carapace ovate in side- and in dorsal view; anterior end
rounded, bearing minute denticles in the ventral part.
Posterior end rounded with one long spine in the postero-

70

ventral region. Valve ornamentation with longitudinal
ridges in the posterior part. The space between these
ridges is reticulate. Anterior end with irregularly placed,
large, round pits, which are absent in the very central part.
There may be some relationship with C. darwini Brady,
1880, but in this species the entire valve surface is
reticulate.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Kloemprit.
D. 31927.

Genus: Clithrocytheridea Stephenson, 1936.

1. Clithrocytheridea atjehensis, N. Sp. (PI. VII, fig. 6).

Dimensions: L. 0,65; H. 0,31; W. 0,35.
Carapace subovate in side view, highest in the middle.
Dorsal margin arched and more or less flattened along the
hinge-line. Ventral margin slightly convex. Anterior and
posterior ends rounded, broader in the anterior part, which,
moreover, is ornamented with short, blunt, club-shaped
spines; similar spines in the postero-ventral region. Surface
rather smooth with many irregularly placed pits. In dorsal
view ovate. Hingement and scar typical for this genus. The
usual dimorphism has been observed.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 2, 5 and 7; Pentoek.

D. 31928, —9.

Genus: Hemicytheridea, Nov. Gen.

Genotype: Hemicytheridea reticulata.

Medium sized Ostracoda, with a more heterodont than taxodont
hingement. Except for the surface ornamentation the outline
of the carapace is similar to Cytheridea. The sub-equal, thick-
shelled valves are heavily ornamented. The marginal area is
moderately narrow; line of concrescence and inner margin do
not coincide in the anterior and posterior end. Hingement in
the right valve with an anterior socket merging into a serrate
groove and a posterior tooth. The anterior socket is divided into
3—4 smaller compartments, separated by 2—3 vertical ridges;
these ridges are drawn out ventrally into 2—3 tooth-like cusps
which fit into a shallow groove below the anterior tooth in the
left valve; this groove is deeper in the anterior than in the

71

posterior part. The posterior tooth is rather heavy, more or
less triangular and serrate. The left valve hingement is exactly
the complement of the right valve hingement. Radial pore-
canals are moderately present in the anterior and posterior
part, they are straight and simple. The muscle-scar-area could
not be examined, obscured as it is by the surface ornamen-
tation. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced. The hingement shows
a new possibility in hinge structures and definitely places this
genus apart; the other shell features are not uncommon for the
family.

1. Hemicytheridea reticulata, N. Sp. (PI. VII, fig. 7).

Dimensions: Males, L. 0,60; H. 0,28; W. 0,28.

Females, L. 0,53; H. 0,32; W. 0,29.

Taxodont to heterodont. The valves are nearly equal in size
and rather thick. The right valve somewhat higher than
the left one. Outline of the carapace just as in Cytheridea
and related genera, anterior end weakly denticulate. Surface
ornamentation heavily reticulate throughout; in the ventral
part the meshes are arranged in rows, tending to become
parallel to the ventral margin. In the dorsal part of the
valve, where the meshes are much smaller, the rows tend
to radiate from the center of the dorsal margin. The central
reticulation is completely irregular. The entire outer margin
lies in a more or less depressed area, so that in side view
it is completely obscured by the overhanging reticulation.
Hingement of the right valve with an anterior socket, a
postjacent shallow groove and a posterior serrate tooth. The
anterior socket is divided into four sub-sockets, separated
by three vertical ridges. In the ventral part of the socket
these ridges are drawn out into three tooth-like knobs,
which fit into a shallow groove below the anterior tooth
of the left valve. The anterior socket merges into a groove,
having its deepest part anteriorly and becoming very
shallow in the posterior part, where it is terminated by a
finely serrate, triangular tooth. The left valve hingement is
exactly the complement of the right valve hingement.
Marginal area moderately narrow, line of concrescence and
margin do not coincide in the anterior- and posterior ends.
Muscle-scar-pattern could not be examined due to the

72

surface ornamentation. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 2 and 5; Sangiran; Kloemprit;
Pentoek.

D. 31930, —1, —2, —3, —4, —5.

Genus: Krithe Brady, Grosskey and Robertson, 1874.

1. Krithe bartonensis (Jones) (PI. VII, fig. 8).

Cytherideis bartonensis Jones, 1855, p. 50, PI. V, fig. 2, 3.

Ilyobates pretexta Sars, 1865, p. 60.

bartonensis Brady, 1866, p. 432, PL XXXIV,
fig. 11—14.

Krithe bartonensis Brady, Grosskey and Robertson, 1874,
p. 184, PL II, fig. 22—26.

Krithe bartonensis Brady, 1880, p. 113, PL XXVII,
fig. 2.

Krithe bartonensis Müller, 1912, p. 335.

Sars, 1925, p. 165, PL LXXVII.

„ „ & Krithe pretexta V. d. Bold, 1946,

p. 76, PL IV, fig. 15, 16.

Dimensions: L. 0,70; H. 0,37; W. 0,30.
To my opinion there is no reason to follow V. d. Bold (1946)
in separating these species. The female specimens are
wider and more convex in^ side view.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 4 and 11; Bodjonegoro, throughout
the drilled section; Java Sea, station 29.

D. 31936, —7, —8.

2. Krithe javana, N. Sp. (PL VII, fig. 9).

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,30; W. 0,24.
In side view the carapace is elongate ovate, highest poste-
riorly to the middle. Anterior- and posterior ends rounded,
posterior end more or less pointed in the middle. Dorsal
margin strongly convex, becoming shallower towards the
anterior. The ventral margin, though less pronounced,
shows the same shape. In dorsal view elongate elliptical,
widest posteriorly to the middle. For details of the marginal
area reference is made to the drawing. The male specimens
are less wide and show a straighter outline in side view.

73

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 244—264; 316—335; 339-

355; 414—427; 505—511; 534—547;

557—577; 620—630; 973—985 m.

D. 31939.

3. Krithe radiolata Egger (PI. VII, fig. 10).

Krithe radiolata Egger, 1901, p. 451, PI. VII, fig. 32—33.

Dolocytheridea vermunti V. d. Bold?, 1946, p. 83, PI. VII,

fig. 12.

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,22; W. 0,16.
In Egger\'s figure the outline of the anterior part of the
marginal zone is not clearly visible, as no loop has been
drawn. Our specimen seems to be closely related to Dolocy-
theridea vermunti V. d. Bold, 1946. After a close examina-
tion of his type specimens, however, it appeared that the
radial pore canals in D. vermunti are otherwise built than
is indicated in the figures. Actually they are not curved
and not thickened in the middle. Apparently there are two
kinds of canals; one series, which reaches the outer edge
and one series of shorter canals running from the line of
concrescence directly towards the valve surface. In our
specimen the hinge line is poorly developed and shows more
relationship to Krithe than to Dolocytheridea.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 29.

D. 31940.

Genus: Paracytheridea Müller, 1894.

1. Paracytheridea sp. (PI. VII, fig. 11).

Dimensions: L. 0,30; H. 0,16; W. 0,32.
One right valve of a broadly-winged Paracytheridea has
been collected. Dorsal margin straight, ventral margin
convex. Posterior end sharply pointed above the middle;
anterior end rounded. The surface is ornamented with a
large, compressed tubercle in the center of the valve and
a smaller outwardly directed tubercle in the postero-ventral
region. Anterior end of the carapace reticulate. Small
tubercles are irregularly distributed over the valve-surface.
At the antero-cardinal angle a rounded tubercle, which
should not be mistaken for an eye-spot.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 973—985 m.

D. 31941.

74

2. Paracytheridea tschoppi Van den Bold (PI. VII, fig. 12).

Paracytheridea tschoppi V. d. Bold, 1946, p. 85, PL XVI,

fig. 6, 7.

Dimensions: L. 0,44; H. 0,21; W. 0,32.
Only very few valves have been found. The Bodjonegoro
specimens are more slender than those described by V. d.
Bold from Cuba (1946).

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 390—412; 414—427; 534—
547 m.

D. 31942.

Genus: Cytherideis Jones, 1856.

1. Cytherideis ashermani Ulrich & Bassler (PL VIII, fig. 2).

Cytherideis ashermani Ulr. & Bass., 1904, p. 126, PL

XXXVII, fig. 10—16.

Cytherideis longula Ulr. & Bass., 1904, p. 128, PL
XXXVII, fig. 21—27.

Cytherideis semicircularis Ulr. & Bass., 1904, p. 127, PL

XXXVII, fig. 18—20.

Cytherideis ashermani Howe & grad. stud., 1935, p. 14,

PL III, fig. 8—10.

Cytherideis ashermani Edwards, 1944, p. 514, PL

LXXXVI, fig. 1—4.

Cytherideis ashermani V. d. Bold, 1946, p. 87, PI XII,

fig. 8.

Dimensions: L. 0,60; H. 0,24; W. 0,20.
The female specimens are shorter, higher and dorsally
more convex than the male specimens.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1 and 7.

D. 31943.

2. Cytherideis seuroelensis, N. Sp. (PL VIII, fig. 3).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,24; W. 0,20.
Carapace elongate triangular, the base angles well-rounded,
the ventral outline slightly concave. Greatest height and
greatest width both anterior to the middle. Valve surface
finely punctate. The marginal area with a thin, raised line
just within the outer edge. Marginal zone very narrow
throughout, with simple radial pore-canals. Hingement
typical for the genus.

75

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1; Sangiran.

D. 31944, —5.

Genus: Archycythereis Howe and Law, 1936.

1. Archycythereis cf. militaris (PI. VII, fig. 13).

Cythereis militaris Brady, 1866, p. 385, PI. LXI, fig. 9.

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,32; W. 0,37.
One Archycythereis stage has been found, which, as to
ornamentation, is rather similair to Cythereis militaris
Brady, 1866, although the spines are less developed. The
carapace is translucent and has an Archycythereis hinge-
ment. Seen from the interior, the centre of the valve
presents an elevation with an irregularly built scar; at the
exterior side this place is represented by a central
depression.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 25.

D. 31946.

Genus: AtjeheUa, Nov. Gen.

Genotype: Atjehella semiplicata.

Medium-sized, heterodont Ostracoda. In side view oblong,
subquadrate; the greatest height is in the middle or just in
front of it. Dorsal and ventral margin convex. Anterior end
broadly rounded, posterior end rectangular. In dorsal view
wedge shaped, thickest in the posterior part. Marginal area
extremely broad in the anterior part, becoming narrower ven-
trally and very narrow in the posterior end. Inner margin and
line of concrescence coincide throughout. Radial pore canals
long, straight, simple, moderately numerous and sometimes
bifurcating. Hingement in the right valve with terminal teeth,
separated by a groove; this groove, which is shallow in the
anterior part, becomes deeper and slightly serrate towards
the posterior part and merges into a small socket just in front
of the stout outwardly directed posterior tooth. The anterior
tooth is elongate, carved and triangular in dorsal view. The left
valve hinge is the complement of the right one, with sockets
open towards the interior. Apart from these hinge elements the

76

left valve, moreover, is provided with an "anti-slip tooth" just
below the anterior socket.

Muscle-scar-pattern is hardly recognizable, but seems to
consist of some irregularly placed spots in the centre of the
valve. No sexual dimorphism has been observed. Some relation-
ship with the Cytheretta group may be noticed; the outline of
the valve, however, is entirely different.

1. Atjehella semiplicata, N. Sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 1).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,24; W. 0,14.
Heterodont, equal-sized Ostracoda. In side view carapace
oblong-subquadrate, highest in front of the middle and
translucent; dorsal and ventral margins convex in the
anterior part, becoming straight in the posterior end where
the carapace has a more or less rectangular outline. In
dorsal view convex wedge-shaped, thickest at the posterior
end. Valve ornamentations consist of ridges in the posterior
and a pronounced marginal rim in the anterior end. These
ridges are placed longitudinally and only the dorsal and
ventral ones reach beyond the middle of the carapace. The
marginal area is extremely broad in the anterior part and
becomes narrower ventrally and very narrow in the
posterior part. Line of concrescence and inner margin
coincide throughout. The outline of the inner margin is not
constant in this species but shows slight differences. The
figure, however, shows the general outline. Radial pore
canals extremely long, slightly curved, simple and sometimes
bifurcating. Hingement of the right valve with terminal
teeth, separated by a groove. The anterior tooth is elongate,
crenulate and triangular in dorsal view. The groove is
shallow in the anterior, becomes deeper towards the
posterior and merges into a small socket just in front of
the blunt rectangular, outwardly directed posterior tooth.
Left valve hinge with terminal sockets, open towards the
interior and provided with a small coniform anti-slip tooth
below the anterior socket. The inter-socket ridge in this
valve is low in the anterior, but becomes more pronounced
in the posterior part, where it is crenulate; the last crenu-
lation is tooth-like. A narrow line-shaped groove runs along
the entire length of the ridge fitting the dorsal wall of the

77

right-valve groove. Muscle-scar-pattern could not be recog-
nized with certainty, though there are a few irregularly
placed spots in the centre of the valve. Slight sexual
dimorphism if present at all; different dimensions have
been observed but in specimens which are probably young
moults.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 2, 5; Sangiran; Pentoek.

D. 31948, —9, —50.

Genus: Paracytheretta Triebel, 1941.

1. Paracytheretta snellii, N. Sp. (PI. VII, fig. 14).

Dimensions: L. 0,73; H. 0,38; W. 0,43.
Only one well-preserved specimen is available. In outline
this species resembles Cythereis vandijki; the ornamen-
tation, however, is completely different, with irregular
tubercles in the posterior half and one tubercle in the
middle of the anterior part. The surface, moreover, is orna-
mented with narrow irregular ridges. Hingement and
marginal zone typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 25.
D. 31947.

Genus: Hemicythere Sars, 1926.

1. Hemicythere pentoekensis, N. Sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 4).

Dimensions: L. 0,60; H. 0,35; W. 0,27.
Carapace sub-triangular in side-view. Dorsal- and ventral
margin slightly convex, converging towards the posterior.
The anterior end broadly rounded, posterior end distinctly
angled. The valve ornamentation is heavy, irregularly
reticulate in the dorsal part and more regular in the ventral
part. Between these two ornamentation systems there is
a rather heavy, raised ridge, most prominent in dorsal view.
Along the entire anterior edge there is a well developed
rim, starting at the antero-cardinal angle with an eye
spot. In the ventral part of the carapace there is a second
rim, which starts in the antero-ventral region and
sharply turns upward in the postero-ventral part. From
here this rim runs towards the postero-cardinal angle, then

78

turns forward again to become vague in the centre of the
valve. In dorsal view thin, except for the raised central rim.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Pentoek.

D. 31951.

2. Hemicythere sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 5).

Dimensions: L. 0,49; H. 0,27; W. 0,32.
Two right valves have been found. Dorsal margin slightly
convex; ventral margin straight; both margins converging
towards the posterior end. Anterior end broadly rounded,
posterior end pointed in the middle. Valve ornamentations
consist of very regular reticulations, placed in rows from
the postero-cardinal angle towards antero-ventral region.
Wing-like elevations in the postero-ventral and postero-
cardinal areas. In dorsal view roughly ovate, widest in the
middle.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 419 m.

D. 31952.

Genus: Cythereis Jones, 1849.

1. Cythereis bodjonegoroensis, N. Sp. (PI. X, fig. 4).

Dimensions: L. 0,67; H. 0,43; W. 0,43.
Dorsal margin straight, with several small denticles and
an eye spot in the anterior part. Ventral margin slightly
convex. Anterior end broadly rounded, posterior end rather
truncate with denticles in the postero-ventral region. Valve
ornamentation with inconspicuous reticulations and the
separating ridges irregularly built and faintly denticulate.
These ridges become more irregular and prominent in the
anterior part. Along the ventral margin the reticulation
disappears and is replaced by longitudinal ridges. In dorsal
view irregularly ovate, widest in the posterior end.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 244—264; 266—285; 292—

296; 316—335; 368—386 m.

D. 31953.

2. Cythereis cribriformis (Brady) (PI. IX, fig. 3).

Cythere cribriformis Brady, 1866, p. 379, PI. LXL,

fig. 6.

Cythere cribriformis Brady, 1880, p. 98, PI. XIX, fig. 3.

Dimensions: L. 0,71; H. 0,46; W. 0,48.

79

Occurrence: Kloemprit; Pentoek; Java Sea, stations 25
and 26.

D. 31954, —5,

3. Cythereis cruysi, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 10).

Dimensions: L. 0,36; H. 0,19; W. 0,16.
A rather small representative of the Cythereis group, the
carapace of which has a straight ventral margin; the dorsal
margin is more or less convex except for the hinge line.
Anterior and posterior ends rounded and finely denticulate
anteriorly. Highest anterior to the middle. In dorsal view
sub-quadrate. Valve ornamentation with irregular longi-
tudinal, smooth ridges. Marginal zone typical for the genus.
The hinge shows a »variation of the usual system; the
posterior end of the bar in the left valve hingement is more
or less knob-like; the bar proper is finely serrate.

Etymology: Named in honour of ,my colleague Mr H.
Cruys.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1.

D. 31956.

4. Cythereis dacyi Howe and Law (PI. IX, fig. 4).

Cythereis dacyi Howe and Law, 1936, p. 45, PI. IV, fig. 6.

Dimensions: L. 0,67; H. 0,41; W. 0,35.
Our^jform differs from the one described by Howe & Law
in having a greater posterior height and a few more spines.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 858—867; 909—915; 1009 m.

D. 31957.

5. Cythereis dekrooni, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 15).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; ^^0,24; W. 0,24.
A Cythereis with a rather unusual valve ornamentation,
consisting of a broad, thick rim, irregular in height and
very pronounced along the ventral and anterior margin;
this rim is more or less tuberculous in the posterior part;
near the eye spot the rim is less developed. Two large
tubercles are located somewhat above the centre of the
valve. Dorsal and ventral margin straight, but on the
ventral side indistinct due to the marginal rim. Anterior
end broadly rounded, posterior end truncate. Hinge and
marginal zone typical for the genus.

80

Etymology: Named after Mr E. W. de Kroon of the
Netherlands East Indian Geological Survey.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Kloemprit.

D. 31958.

6. Cythereis dictyon (Brady) (PL IX, fig. 8).

Cythere dictyon Brs^dy, 1880, p. 99, PL XXIV, fig. 1.

Egger, 1901, p. 442, PL VI, fig. 41—43.

„ „ Chapman, 1910, p. 433.

Guppy, 1921, p. 128.

Chapman, 1926, p. 34, PL VII, fig.

12—13.

telisaensis Le Roy, 1939, p. 275, PL XI, fig. 9.
dictyon V. d. Bold, 1946, p. 90, PL X, fig. 13.

Dimensions: L. 0,97; H. 0,60; W. 0,60.
Our specimens do not show any difference with the holo-
types of the Oligocene of Cuba and the Plio-pleistocene of
Seran (V. d. Bold). Le Roy has described this form from
the Tertiary of Central Sumatra as C. telisaensis.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13; Bodjone-
goro, throughout the entire drilled section.

D. 31959, -60.

7. Cythereis hamata G. W. Müller (PL IX, fig. 5).

Cythereis hamata Müller, 1906, PL III, fig. 22—23.

Dimensions: L. 0,49; H. 0,28; W. 0,25.
Besides moult forms with the Archycythereis hingement,
the usual dimorphism has been observed in this species.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 2, 5 and 7.

D. 31961.

8. Cythereis kendengensis, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 16).

Dimensions: L. 0,51; H. 0,33; W. 0,27.
Dorsal margin straight, but not clearly visible due to the
overhanging valve ornamentation; a very pronounced eye
spot. Ventral margin strongly convex, meeting the dorsal
margin in the middle of the posterior part, where the
carapace is more or less pointed. Anterior end broadly
rounded. Valve ornamentation very regularly reticulate,
most regular along the anterior. Behind the eye spot a
rather deep depression is visible without any reticulation.

81

Hinge and marginal zone typical for the genus. In dorsal
view ovate, truncate in the posterior part; widest in the
postero-ventral region.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Kloemprit.

D. 81962.

9. Cythereis keutapangensis, N. Sp. (PI. X, fig. 1).

Dimensions : L. 0^65 ; H. 0,38 ; W. 0,36.
In side view the carapace shows a straight dorsal margin
and a slightly convex ventral margin. Posterior end trun-
cate, anterior end rounded. The entire margin, excepting
the ventral side and also the valve surface, ornamented
with large and small spines. Anterior to the middle of the
valve the denticles are connected by irregular, tuberculous
ridges. In dorsal view ovate, widest in the posterior part.
Hinge and marginal zone typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 3 and 12; Java Sea, station 26.

D. 31963, —4.

10. Cythereis keyi, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 9).

Dimensions: L. 0,75; H. 0,46; W. 0,27.
Carapace angular-pyriform in side view; dorsal margin
straight and ventral margin slightly convex. Anterior end
broadly rounded, bearing a heavy marginal rim and orna-
mented with regularly distributed short denticles. Posterior
end angular, pointed in the middle of the valve and orna-
mented with some irregularly placed small tubercles.
Surface strongly and rather regularly reticulate with a
central swelling; a second swelling is located behind the
first one in the posterior third part of the valve. Above
this last elevation and situated just below the dorsal margin
there are three short and heavy spines. In dorsal view the
carapace is rather thin, excepting the central swelling. Eye
spot undeveloped. Hinge etc. typical for the genus.

Etymology : Named after my collègue Mr A. J. Key.

Occurrence: iBodjonegoro 390—412; 858—867; 909—
915 m.

D. 31965.

11. Cythereis papuensis (Brady) (PI. X, fig. 2).

Cythere papuensis Brady, 1880, p. 95, PI, XXV, fig, 5.

82

Dimensions: L, 0,70; H. 0,42; W. 0,37.
Our species differs slightly from Cythere papuensis as
figured by Brady; it is higher at the postero-cardinal angle
and has a more regular ornamentation in the ventral part.
The usual dimorphism and Archycythereis stages have been
observed.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1 and 7; Sangiran and Pentoek.

D. 31966.

12. Cythereis prava Baird? (PI. IX, fig. 7).

Cythereis prava Baird, 1850, p. 254, PI. 18, fig. 13—15.

Dimensions: L. 0,96 (?); H. 0,54; W. 0,52.
One damaged specimen has been found, which may belong
to C. prava as figured by Baird in 1850.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 29.

D. 31967.

13. Cythereis reticulineata, N. Sp. (PL IX, fig. 2).

Dimensions: L. 0,56; H. 0,32; W. 0,42.
Carapace roughly ovate in side view; dorsal margin
straight and ventral margin convex. Anterior and posterior
ends rounded, ornamented with short, thick spines.
Valve ornamentation with irregular, longitudinal ridges,
the space between these ridges irregularly reticulate. The
uppermost dorsal ridge is rather high and tuberculous,
projecting beyond the dorsal margin. A well developed eye
spot is present. In dorsal view the carapace is roundly
ovate, widest behind the middle of the valve. The usual
dimorphism has been observed; the moults present a more
regular surface pattern.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 2, 5, 7; Pentoek.

D. 31968, —9.

14. Cythereis roesmani, N. Sp. (PL IX, fig. 1).

Dimensions: L. 0,44; H. 0,27; W. 0,27.
This rather small member of the Cythereis group has a
straight dorsal margin and a convex ventral margin in side
view. Dorsal and ventral margins slightly converging
towards the posterior end. Anterior end broadly rounded,
denticulate just as the posterior end, which, however, is
less rounded. Valve ornamentation consisting of two heavy

83

BS

irregular tubercles, placed in one longitudinal line in the
middle of the valve. Along the hinge line there are three
rather stout spines in the posterior part, with a few small,
short spines between them. Moreover, the valve is orna-
mented with a broad, outwardly directed rim along the
anterior end; antero-ventrally this rim joins a second one,
while the first one continues along the ventral margin.
This second rim is pitted and is situated just above the
ventral margin, ending abruptly below the posterior central
tubercle. In dorsal view the carapace is thin excepting the
tubercles. Hingement and marginal zone typical for the
genus.

Etymology: Named after one of the Javanese collectors
of Professor Von Koenigswald.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Pentoek; Kloemprit.

D. 31970, —1, —2.

15. Cythereis roesmani, Var. rugosa, N. Var. (PI. X, fig. 3).

Dimensions: L. 0,49; H. 0,28; W. 0,22.
A variation of C. roesmani has been found, differing from
the type by a more robust carapace and less developed
central tubercles, while the entire surface is covered with
small tuberculous spines.

Occurrence: Pentoek; Kloemprit.

D. 31973.

16. Cythereis scutigera (Brady) (PI. IX, fig. 6).

Cythere scutigera Brady, 1867, p. 70, PI. VIII, fig. 15, 16.

Brady, 1880, p. 109, PI. XXII, fig. 5.

Dimensions: Females, L 0,80; H. 0,47; W. 0,48.

Males, L. 0,88; H. 0,45; W. 0,35.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 5, 7; Sangiran; Kloemprit;
Java Sea, station 25 and 26.

D. 31974, —5, —6, —7.

17. Cythereis vandijki, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 13).

Dimensions: L. 0,78; H. 0,43; W. 0,42.
Carapace robust, with a strongly reticulate valve orna-
mentation. Dorsal margin straight, ornamented with several
very low tubercles. Ventral margin convex. Anterior end
broadly rounded and ornamented with short spines. Poste-

84

rior end drawn out into a sub-caudal process. Greatest
width in the postero-ventral region. Marginal zone and
hingement typical for the genus.

Etymology: Named in honour of Mr J. H. M. van Dijk
of the Geological Institute, Utrecht, Holland.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1 and 7; Kloemprit; Java Sea,
station 25 and 26.

D. 81978, —9, —80.

18. Cythereis wyville thomsoni (Brady) (PI. IX, fig. 12).

Cythere wyville thomsoni Brady, 1880, p. 82, PI. XX,

fig. 4.

Dimensions: L. 0,59; H. 0,85; W. 0,80.
The specimen figured by Brady is larger in size, but there
is no difference in valve-ornamentation.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 29.

D. 81981.

Genus: Pyricythereis Howe, 1936.

1. Pyricythereis bodjonegoroensis, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 14).

Dimensions: L. 0,59; H. 0,32; W. 0,27.
Carapace sub-pyriform in side view. Ventral margin
straight; dorsal margin remains straight and parallel to
the ventral margin for about two third of the valve length
and then slopes strongly towards the ventral margin, which
is hinge-line at the same time. Anterior end broa,dly rounded,
posterior end pointed postero-ventrally. Anterior end orna-
mented with a heavy, well-developed, raised marginal rim.
The valve ornamentation consists of a very regular reticu-
lation, which does not reach the marginal zone. In dorsal
view drop-shaped, widest in the posterior region.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 414—427; 858—867; 909—
915; 1009 m.

D. 31982.

2. Pyricythereis mohleri, N. Sp. (PI. IX, fig. 11).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,32; W. 0,21.
Carapace pyriform in side view. In the postero-cardinal
area a very heavy spineous ornamentation. Anterior end
very broadly rounded, ornamented with some indistinct

85

denticles. Ventral margin slightly convex. Hinge line
strongly converging towards the ventral margin. The valve
surface smooth, except for a thin ridge in the ventral part.
A sub-central depression may be observed and above this
depression a rather heavy, irregularly shaped tubercle
system in the postero-cardinal area. Hinge structure and
marginal area typical for the genus. The usual dimorphism
has been observed.

Etymology: Named in honour of Dr W. Möhler, micro-
palaeontologist of the „Bataafsche Petroleum
Maatschappij".

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 244—264; 292—296; 316—
335; 339—355; 368—886; 390—412; 598—
606 m.

D. 31983.

Genus: Caudites Coryell and Fields, 1937.

1. Caudites medialis Coryell and Fields, Var. javana, N. Var.
(PI. X, fig. 5).

Caudites medialis Coryell and Fields, 1937, p. 11, fig. 12.

Dimensions: L. 0,40; H. 0,22; W. 0,20.
Differs from C. medialis Coryell and Fields, 1937, by the
lack of a median ridge; instead our form shows a well-
developed central swelling.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1; Pentoek; Sangiran.

D. 31984.

Genus: Paijenborchella, Nov. Gen.

Genotype: Paijenborchella iocosa.
These Ostracoda are of medium size, longtailed, unequal-valved
and have a rather rugose valve ornamentation. Left valve much
higher than the right. Except for the caudal process the outline
is roughly ovate in side view. Dorsal and ventral margins gently
convex. Anterior end broadly rounded. Posterior extremity with
a long caudal process in the ventral part of the valve. This
process may be directed downward or straight backward. Valve
ornamentation with irregular longitudinal ridges, situated on
a subcentral swelling. These ridges are usually drawn out

86

posteriorly into long, sharp, backwardly directed spines. The
dorsal part of the valve shows a well developed median sulcus.
Apart from these ornamentation elements the rest of the valve
surface may be smooth or finely rugose. Marginal zone broad,
line of concrescence coinciding with the inner margin. A few
straight, simple, radial pore-canals in the anterior end; very
few in the caudal region where they are long and often appear
to bifurcate at the end.

The hinge system is heterodont and a variation of the Cythe-
reis theme; compared with the size of the valve the hinge is
rather large. In the right valve we find terminal teeth; a very
strong and knob-like anterior one and a small, rather narrow,
posterior one. Behind the anterior tooth there is a large socket
situated upon and excavated into the dorsal end of the median
sulcus. A coarsely serrated groove is present between the socket
and the posterior tooth. The left valve hingement is the
complement of the right; moreover, it is provided with an
„Ausweichfurche" which is broadly incised into the over-
hanging dorsal edge. In dorsal view the carapace is drop- or
arrowhead shaped; widest in the middle of the valve.

Etymology: Named after "Paijenborch", the Geological
Institute in Utrecht.

1. Paijenborchella iocosa, N. Sp. (PI. V, fig. 2; PI. VIII,
fig. 12).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,22; W. 0,43.
Carapace drop-shaped in side view, with the long, down-
wardly directed, caudal process situated in the ventral part.
The left valve is much higher than the right one, over-
lapping along the dorsal edge over its entire length. Valve
ornajmention with a) yery pronounced swelling in the
middle of the ventral part; above this elevation a deep
median sulcus. Eye spots at the anterior and posterior
cardinal angles. The central swelling is ornamented with
two smooth, longitudinal ridges, separated by a deep pit;
at the posterior side these ridges are drawn out into two
backwardly directed spines, the outer much stronger than
the inner one, which is often broken off. The rest of the
valve surface is smooth except for a few small tubercles
in the antero-ventral region. Marginal zone broad, radial

87

pore-canals few, simple and bifurcating in the posterior
part. Hingement typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 244—264; 316—335; 534—

547; 620—630; 909—915; 973—985; 1355—
1361 m.

D. 31985.

2. Paijenborchella malaiensis, N. Sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 13).

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,30; W. 0,27.
Carapace drop-shaped with the long caudal process directed
straight backward and often slightly upward. Anterior end
broadly rounded. Left valve higher than the right, over-
lapping over the length of the hinge margin. Valve orna-
mentation rugose, with three ridges situated on a swelling
in the ventral part. These ridges are drawn out posteriorly
into small spines and have a rather untidy appearance by
smaller and larger pits in their sides. Between the two
upper ridges there is a well developed depression. The third
and lowermost ridge runs along the ventral margin. Above
the swelling a deep median sulcus. Furthermore, the sur-
face is ornamented with small and large pits and low
tubercles, distributed irregularly over the surface. Hinge-
ment and marginal zone typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 10; Bodjonegoro, in the entire
drilled section (see Distribution-Chart.)

D. 31986.

Genus: Tanella, Nov. Gen.

Genotype: Tanella gracilis.

Rather small, heterodont Ostracoda. In side view the carapace
has its greatest height in the middle; dorsal and ventral margins
convex, anterior and posterior ends rounded except at the
postero-cardinal angle in the left valve, where the outer margin
is interrupted by a more or less heavy tubercle. Outline ovate
in dorsal view, rather strongly compressed in the anterior end.
Marginal area broad, line of concrescence and inner margin
coincide throughout. Numerous radial pore canals, very pecu-
liarly built, starting as a simple, straight or curved canal from
the inner margin and intensely ramificating at the outer margin.

88

Hingement in the right valve consists of a very thin hinge
margin with two terminal teeth, the anterior one of which is
elongate, rather low in dorsal view; the posterior one is
directed outward, blunt and rectangular. Left valve hingement
with a large posterior socket, merging into a groove which
becomes broader and deeper in the anterior end, where it fits
the anterior tooth of the right valve. This socket is entirely
open towards the interior of the valve. Below^ this socket and
built upon the interior side, there is a more or less elongate,
triangular tooth (anti-slip tooth) which prevents the anterior
tooth of the right valve from slipping out of its socket. Muscle-
scar-pattern could not be recognized with certainty, but appa-
rently consisting of 4 small scars in one vertical row and 2
scars in front of these four, which is the normal pattern in the
Cytheridae family. Sexual dimorphism has not been observed.

Etymology: The name is in honour of the late Dr S. H.

Tan, micro-palaeontologist of the Geological
Survey of the Netherlands East Indies,
murdered in Bandoeng by the Javanese, a
few month after the capitulation of Japan.

1. Tanella gracilis, N. Sp. (PI. X, fig. 7).

Dimensions: L. 0,45; H. 0,22; W. 0,17.
Carapace elongate ovate, translucent in side view. Highest
in the middle, valves subequal, the left one slightly higher;
dorsal and ventral margins convex, anterior and posterior
ends rounded except at the postero-cardinal angle in the
left valve, where the posterior socket of the hinge forms
a more or less strong tubercle. In dorsal view the valve is
convex, rather compressed anteriorly. Valve ornamentation
with ridges, longitudinally placed in the anterior and at
right angles to these in the posterior part; the space
between these ridges is divided into series of meshes, each
mesh with a central pit (normal pore-canal). Slight sexual
dimorphism, if present at all. The specimens from Sangiran,
Kloemprit and Pentoek show a broader anterior extremity,
the surface ornamentation is stronger ridged and the
posterior edge bears a few minute spines. These differences,
however, are not considered of enough importance to form
a new species or variation.

89

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1, 7; Sangiran; Kloemprit;

Pentoek.

D. 31987, —8.

Genus: Javanella, Nov. Gen.

Genotype: Javanella kendengensis.

One left and one right valve have been found, which, according
to their hinge pattern, could not be classified with one of the
known genera. The carapace is of medium size and thin-shelled
and is roughly ovate in side-view as well as in dorsal-view; a
caudal process is present in the postero-ventral region. Valve
surface with a few pits or without any ornamentation at all.
Hinge pattern in the right valve with a narrow, finely serrate
groove along the entire dorsal margin, which is somewhat wider
near the anterior cardinal angle. Below this area and upon
the interior side of the valve, there is a narrow, elongate tooth
(anti-slip tooth). Left valve hingement without teeth; the dorsal
edge is ornamented with small notches, fitting the right valve
groove. The marginal area is moderately broad. Line of con-
crescence and inner margin coincide along the ventral margin
only; in the anterior and posterior part they are distinctly
separated. Radial pore-canals moderate in number, reaching
the outer edge only in the very anterior and posterior parts.
The scar-pattern could not be recognized. Only a few specimens
have been found; the valve details, however, are extremely
clear and the hinge pattern is completely different from known
genera. For this reason these specimens have been assigned to
a new genus.

1. Javanella kendengensis, N. Sp. (PI. X, fig. 6).

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,24; W. 0,18.
Carapace roughly ovate in side- and dorsal view; dorsal
margin gently curved, sloping rather steeply into a caudal
process, which is situated somewhat below the middle of
the posterior part. Ventral margin sinuate, convex in the
posterior- and concave in the anterior end. Anterior extrem-
ity is rounded. Valve without ornamentation, but slightly
pitted. For the hinge and marginal zone, reference is made
to the generic description.

90

Occurrence: Pentoek.

D. 31989.

Subfamily: Loxoconchinae Sars, 1927.

Genus: Loxoconcha Sars, 1865.

2. Loxoconcha cf. avellana Brady (PI. XI, ifg. 3).

L. avellana Brady, 1880, p. 117, PL XXVIII, fig. 1.

L. avellana Chapman, 1926, p. 103, PL XXII, fig. 5.

Dimensions: L. 0,35; H. 0,24; W. 0,19.
Only one specimen has been collected. The outline in dorsal-
and in side-view is more or less similar to L. avellana
Chapman, 1926.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro, 1355—1361 m.

D. 31990.

2. Loxoconcha pentoekensis, N. Sp. (PL XI, fig. 1).

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,35; W. 0,27.
Carapace robust, rhomboidal in side view and ovate in,
dorsal view. Dorsal margin slightly convex, ventral margin
concave. Anterior end rounded, with the strongest curve
in the antero-ventral region; subdorsally pointed in the
posterior end. Valve surface ornamented with fine pits
and one large tubercle at the postero-cardinal angle.

Occurrence: Pentoek.

D. 31991.

3. Loxoncha semistriata, N. Sp. (PL XI, fig. 4).

Dimensions: L. 0,56; H. 0,33; W. 0,27.
Carapace approximately ovate in side view. Dorsal margin
straight to slightly convex. Anterior end broadly rounded;
posterior end slightly pointed above the middle. The valve
is ornamented in the central part with ridges dorsally and
ventrally. The space between these ridges is pitted as is
the very central part of the valve. In dorsal view ovate
with compressed ends. Hingement and marginal zone
typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Java Sea, station 29.

D. 31992.

91

4. Loxoconcha sinensis Brady (PL XI, fig. 2).

L. sinensis Brady, 1867, p. 158, PL XVI, fig. 17, 18.
L. sinensis Brady, 1880, p. 120, PL XXIX, fig. 2.
Dimensions: L. 0,38; H. 0,27; W. 0,22.
Occurrence: Sangiran and Kloemprit,
D. 31993.

Genus: Cytheropteron Sars, 1865.

Subgenus: Cytheropteron Alexander, 1933.

1. Cytheropteron punctatum Brady (PL XI, fig. 14).

C. punctatum Brady, 1868, p, 449, PL XXXIV, fig. 45-48.
Dimensions: L. 0,40; H. 0,24; W. 0,32,
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 598—606; 620—630;
973—985 m,

D, 31994.

Only one valve of the following Cytheropterons and Eocy-
theropterons, belonging to twelve different species, was
found. Specific determination proved to be impossible and
they are mentioned as a matter of record only,

2. Cytheropteron sp. A. (PI. XI, fig. 5).

Dimensions: L. 0,62; H. 0,46; W. 0,46.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 316—335 m.
D. 31995.

3. Cytheropteron sp. B. (PL XI, fig. 6).

Dimensions: L. 0,40; H. 0,24; W, 0,24.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 620—630 m.
D. 31996.

4. Cytheropteron sp. C. (PL XI, fig. 7).

Dimensions: L. 0,45; H. 0,35; W. 0,35.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 909—915 m.
D. 31997.

5. Cytheropteron sp. D. (PL XI, fig. 12).

Dimensions: L. 0,32; H. 0,18; W. 0,27.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 973—985 m.
D. 31998.

6. Cytheropteron sp. E. (PL XI, fig. 11).

Dimensions: L. 0,30; H, 0,18; W, 0,30.
Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 973—985 m.
D, 31999,

92

7. Cytheropteron sp. F. (PL XI, fig. 13).

Dimensions: L. 0,35; H. 0,22; W. 0,19.
Occurrence: Atjeh, loc, 1.
D. 32000.

8. Cytheropteron sp. G. (PL XI, fig. 17).

Dimensions: L. 0,60; H. 0,35; W. 0,56.
Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1; Java Sea, station 29.
D. 32001, -2.

9. Cytheropteron sp. H. (PL XI, fig. 8).

Dimensions: L. 0,38; H. 0,24; W. 0,32.
Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1.
D. 32003.

10. Cytheropteron sp. I. (PL XI, fig. 9).

Dimensions: L. 0,49; H. 0,27; W. 0,42.
Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 9.
D. 32004.

11. Cytheropteron sp. J. (PL XI, fig. 10).

Dimensions: L. 0,68; H. 0,40; W. 0,60.
Occurrence: Java Sea, station 26.
D. 32005.

Subgenus: Eocytheropteron Alexander, 1933.

1. Eocytheropteron sp. 1. (PL X, fig. 12).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,27; W. 0,26.
Occurrence: Sangiran.
D. 32006.

2. Eocytheropteron sp. 2. (PL X, fig. 11).

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,35; W. 0,27.
Occurrence: Java Sea, station 29.
D. 32007.

Genus: Kangarina Coryell and Fields, 1937.

1. Kangarina sp. (PL VIII, fig. 15).

Dimensions: L. 0,35; H. 0,22; W. 0,16.
Carapace thick-shelled. Dorsal margin strongly convex in
the anterior part and becoming straight towards the
posterior end. Ventral margin sligthly convex with a

93

flattened ventral surface. Posterior end drawn out into a
subdorsal caudal process. Anterior end truncated dorsally
and narrowly rounded antero-ventrally. The principal
valve ornamentation consists of a central swelling, from
which a prominent ridge runs towards the postero-cardinal
angle; vague rims are going from this swelling towards
the anterior and posterior edges, without, however, reaching
the margins. Along the ventral margin there is a well-
developed ridge, much more pronounced in the posterior
than in the anterior end. Apart from this rim-system, the
valve is pitted and ornamented with small tubercles. Hinge-
ment typical for the genus. Marginal area only developed
in the caudal and antero-ventral part, where the line of
concrescence does not coincide with the inner margin; only
a few radial pore-canals.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 368—886 m.

D. 32008.

Genus: Orthonotaeythere Alexander, 1933.

1. Orthonotaeythere orientalis, N. Sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 14).

Dimensions: L. 0,80; H. 0,19; W. 0,21.
Although Orthonotaeythere becomes extinct towards the
middle of the Tertiary, several specimens have been found
in the Javanese Pliocene and consequently once more the
value of an index fossil has become questionable. The out-
line, hingement and ornamentation pattern are typical for
the genus. Dorsal margin straight, obscured by tubercles;
ventral margin convex, drawn out posteriorly into a short,
subdorsal caudal process. Anterior end roundly truncated.
Valve ornamentation with a base pattern of small reticu-
lations. Rather large tubercles are scattered over the sur-
face and are most prominent at the antero- and postero-
cardinal angles, in the centre of the valve and in the
postero-ventral region. Along the ventral margin, starting
near the postero-ventral tubercle, there is a ridge which
becomes indistinct at the antero-ventral side, rendering
the ventral surface a flattened appearance. Marginal area
and scar-pattern could not be recognized.

94

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro: 557—577; 950—956; 973—
985.

D. 32009.

Subfamily: Bythocytherinae Sars, 1926.

Genus: Neomonoceratina, Nov. Gen.

Genotype: Neomonoceratina columbiformis.

Medium-sized, heterodont, sub-equal valved Ostracoda. The
valve ornamentation may be smooth, ridged, pitted or reticulate.
A single stout spine occurs in the postero-ventral region of both
valves. Dorsal margin straight; ventral margin convex, drawn
out posteriorly into a sub-dorsal caudal process; anterior end
broadly rounded. Marginal area moderately broad, line of con-
crescence and inner margin coincide throughout. Radial pore-
canals few and simple in the anterior end and in the caudal
process. A few normal pore-canals scattered over the surface,
causing a pitted appearance. Hingement in the right valve con-
sisting of two terminal, rather strong teeth; immediately behind
the anterior tooth a large socket, which is open towards the
interior. A serrate groove runs forward from the dorsal side
of the posterior tooth, merging into the dorsal wall of the
anterior socket. Left valve hinge pattern the complement of
the right, with terminal sockets, both of which are open towards
the interior. Behind the anterior socket a strong tooth; between
the dorsal side of this tooth and the dorsal wall of the posterior
socket a finely crenulate bar. Muscle-scar-area with a ver-
tical row of four scars, situated on the interior ridge of the
sulcus; in the male specimens they are situated more towards
the anterior than in the female specimens and they are often
hardly visible. Sexual dimorphism pronounced, the males being
more elongate and less swollen than the females. This Ostracoda-
genus has several features in common with Monoceratina Roth,
as the general outline, the median sulcus, the muscle-scar-
pattern, etc. The peculiar hingement, however, places this genus
definitely apart. Not long ago Monoceratines have been found
in recent associations; post-oligocene fossils of this group are
still unknown and it is of some importance to emphasize, that
a monoceratine group survived and that also in this group the
hingement tends to become more pronounced in approaching
recent species.

95

1. Neomonoceratina columbiformis, N. Sp. (PI. X, fig. 8).

Dimensions: L. 0,48; H. 0,27; W. 0,43.
Carapace sub-quadrate, translucent, highest in front of the
middle. The valves are sub-equal, the right one slightly-
higher; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin strongly-
convex, posteriorly curving upward towards the caudal
process near the postero-cardinal angle; anterior end
broadly rounded, denticulate, grading into the ventral
margin without break. Carapace strongly convex in dorsal
and in end view, widest near the ventral margin. A deep
median sulcus divides the valve into two lobes, the anterior
one of which is smaller than the posterior. In the ventral
part of the valve and immediately behind the sulcus there
is a hornlike spine. Surface ornamentation with pits and
ridges. A prominent ridge runs from the vicinity of the
postero-cardinal angle to the antero-ventral region, without,
however, reaching the outer edge. A second ridge, in the
ventral part of the valve, runs forward and backward from
the spine. The valve surface between the ridges and pits
is smooth. A more or less strong keel is present. Hingement,
marginal area and scar-pattern are typical for the genus.
This scar-pattern, which is situated upon the interior ridge
of the sulcus, consists of 4 elongate scars; the top-scar is
smaller than the 3 lower, equal-sized scars. Sexual dimor-
phism is pronounced, the male specimens are more elongate
than the female specimens.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1 2,; Java Sea, station 25.

D. 32015, —6.

2. Neomonoceratina macropora, N. Sp. (PI. X, fig. 9).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,27; W. 0,43.
A few neomonoceratines have been found in the Lower-
Kalibeng formation; in outline and in ornamentation they
are quite different from those of Atjeh and Sangiran. In
side view the outline is not so angular as in N. Columbi-
formis or as in N. mieroreticulata, but is more rounded.
Apart from the normal base ridges, this ornamentation
consists of large pits scattered over the valve surface and
a short, broadly-rooted spine in the ventral area. The pit
ornamentation is quite heavy near the ventral spine. The

96

carapace is arrow-head-shaped in dorsal view. Hingement
and marginal zone typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 973—985 m.

D. 32017.

3. Neomonoceratina microreticulate, N. Sp. (PL X, fig. 10).

Dimensions: L. 0,49; H. 0,24; W. 0,27.
The outline of the carapace is exactly the same as in N.
eolumhiformis from Atjeh. There are, however, some dif-
ferences in ornamentation. In this species the valve orna-
mentation is finely reticulate and the ventral spine is less
well-developed as in N. eolumhiformis. Hingement and
marginal zone typical for the genus.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Kloemprit.

D. 32018, —9.

Genus: Cytherura Sars, 1865.

1. Cytherura bodjonegoroensis, N. Sp. (PL XI, fig. 20).

Dimensions: L. 0,30; H. 0,16; W. 0,16.
Carapace roughly ovate in side view. Dorsal margin
straight, ventral margin convex. Anterior end rounded;
posterior end drawn out into a sub-dorsal, caudal process.
Valve ornamentation with coarse, completely irregular reti-
culations. In the postero-cardinal region, the ridges
between these reticulations are pronounced and the meshes
are very deep. Hingement and marginal zone typical for
the genus.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 950—956; 973—985; 1355—
1361 m.

D. 32010.

2. Cytherura javana, N. Sp. (P.1 XI, fig. 19).

Dimensions: L. 0,30; H. 0,16, W. 0,16.
The carapace of this wing-bearing Ostracoda has a straight
dorsal and ventral margin. Anterior end rounded; posterior
extremity tapering into a subdorsal process. Valve surface
irregularly and coarsely reticulate with a pronounced
longitudinal rim in the middle of the valve. A second pro-
minent rim is situated in the antero-ventral part of the
valve, merging into a wing near the ventral margin, a

97

little behind the middle. All other features are typical for
the genus.

Occurrence: Bodjenegoro 950—956; 973—985 m.

D. 32011.

3. Cytherura? kalibengensis N. Sp. (PI. XI, fig. 15).

Dimensions: L. 0,35; H. 0,17; W. 0,12.
Several closed carapaces and one left and right valve arc
available. The hingement is not very well recognizable,
but seems to be closely related to Cytherura. The marginal
zone, however, is entirely different; it is rather narrow,
except at the posterior and anterior ends, where the line of
concrescence and the inner margin are definitely separated.
Dorsal and ventral margin slightly convex. Anterior end
rounded, posterior end truncate and drawn out into a
caudal process in the postero-ventral part. The valve is with-
out any ornamentation, smooth. Thinly ovate in dorsal-
and in end-view.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 973—985 m.

D. 32012.

4. Cytherura cf. scutellata Brady (PI. XI, fig. 18).

C. scutellata Brady, 1890, p. 509, PI. Ill, fig. 30.

Dimensions: L. 0,27; H. 0,16; W. 0,19.

Differing from C. scutellata Brady, 1890, by the more irre-
gular reticulation and from C. cellulosa Brady by the more
pronounced caudal process.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 950—956; 973—985; 1355—

1361 m.

D. 32013.

5. Cytherura sumatrensis, N. Sp. (PL XI, fig. 16).

Dimensions: L. 0,46; H. 0,24; W. 0,28.
Carapace sub-ovate in side view, highest in front of the
middle. Dorsal margin arched, sloping steeper towards the
anterior than towards the posterior end; ventral margin
straight. Anterior end rounded; posterior extremity with
a compressed, caudal process in the middle of the valve.
Valve surface ornamented with pits; these pits are arran-
ged in slightly curved, longitudinal furrows. These furrows
are separated by low but sharp ridges. The region along the

98

outer edge is devoid of any ornamentation. In dorsal view
ovate with compressed ends.

Occurrence: Atjeh, loc. 1; Sangiran.
D. 32014.

Subfamily: Xestoleberinae Sars, 1926.
Genus: Xestoleberis Sars, 1865.

1. Xestoleberis curta Brady (PI. VIII, fig. 7).

Cytheridea(?) curta Brady, 1865, p. 370, PI. LVIII, fig. 7.
Xestoleberis curta Brady, 1867, p. 79, PI. X, fig. 16—18.

„ Brady, 1880, p. 126, PI. XXXI, fig. 6.
„ Chapman, 1914, p. 43, PI. VIII, fig. 31.
„ Chapman, 1926, p. 104, PI. XXII,
fig. 6.

Dimensions: L. 0,51; H. 0,30; W. 0,20.
Several valves are available, only one of wich is of the same
size as Brady\'s specimens; the others are much smaller,
but similar in outline. Our specimens are generally less
wide than most figures.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro, 316—335; 368—386; 822;
973—985; 1269 m.

D. 32020.

2. Xestoleberis foveolata Brady (PI. VIII, fig. 10).

Xestoleberis foveolata Brady, 1880, p. 130, PI. XXX,

fig. 1.

Dimensions: L. 0,52; H. 0,40; W. 0,32.
Occurrence: Sangiran; Java Sea, station 25 and 26.
D. 32021, —2.

3. Xestoleberis granulosa Brady (PI. VIII, fig. 8).

Xestoleberis granulosa Brady, 1880, p. 125, PI. XXX,

fig. 5.

Dimensions: L. 0,40; H. 0,20; W. 0,18.
Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 1. (2 specimens).
D. 32023.

4. Xestoleberis kalibengensis, N. Sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 6).

Dimensions: L. 0,48; H. 0,30; W. 0,29.
Only closed valves are present. Dorsal margin strongly

99

convex, more or less pointed and with its greatest diameter
just behind the middle. Posterior and anterior extremities
wellrounded, very pronounced antero-ventrally, giving the
ventral margin a deep concave outline. Valve surface
sparsely punctate. In dorsal view egg-shaped. Strong over-
lap of the left valve in the posterior part. The usual
dimorphism has been observed.

Occurrence: Bodjonegoro 973—985 m.

D. 32024.

5. Xestoleberis sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 11).

Dimensions: L. 0,54; H. 0,24; W. 0,21.
A few indistinct Xestoleberinae have been observed in
the material of the Seuroela Horizon and were figured as
a matter of record only.

Occurrence: Atjeh loc. 2 and 5.

D. 32025.

6. Xestoleberis cf. variegata Brady (PL VHI, fig. 9).

Xestoleberis variegata Brady, 1880, p. 129, PL XXXI,

fig. 8.

Dimensions: L. 0,48; H. 0,33; W. 0,32.
Only one right valve is available, which differs from X.
variegata Brady in having a less heavy punctation and a
straighter ventral margin.

Occurrence: Sangiran; Pentoek.

D. 32026.

100

D. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.

As only a very small number of fossil Ostracods have been
described from the Netherlands East Indies (DOEGLAS,
FY AN and LE ROY), the author was glad to have an oppor-
tunity to enlarge the micropalaeontological knowledge of this
group for the Malayan Region. Ostracods have been examined
from four places in the Netherlands Bast Indies, viz. from Atjeh
(Northern Sumatra), from Bodjonegoro and the Southern Ken-
deng Region in East Java, and from the eastern part of the
Java Sea.

The fossil Ostracods from Atjeh and S. Kendeng have been
collected from surface samples, while the Bodjonegoro Ostracods
are from a series of core-samples ranging from 217—2006 m.
Some recent Ostracods from bottom samples in the eastern part
of thei J^va Sea, collected by the Snellius Expedition
(1929—\'30) were added in order to obtain an idea of the recent
fauna in this region.

Ninety-four species and four varieties are recorded and
figured in this paper; forty of the species and two of the varie-
ties are new. Six new genera have been described: Hemicythe-
ridea, Atjehella, Paijenborchella, Tanella, Javanella and Neo-
monoceratina.

From the thirty-seven species, found in the Atjeh Tertiary,
twenty-nine are restricted to the Seuroela Horizon, while the
other eight were found in deeper layers.

Thirty-one species could be examined from approximately
one and the same horizon in the Kendeng Region; it appeared,
that sixteen of these species occur in the Seuroela Horizon.
There seems to be a close relationship between the tertiary
deposits of northern (and western?) Sumatra on the one hand
and western and southern Java on the other hand. Cytherelloidea
javana has been recorded by LE ROY from the Bantam Pliocene
and is present in our material from Atjeh and S Kendeng.
OOSTINGH\'s investigations on Molluscs shows a close relation-
ship between the tertiary deposits of Atjeh and Bantam; more-
over, Prof. VON KOENIGSWALD kindly informed me, that a
pronounced similarity exists between the Molluscs of sangiran

101

and those found in the Pliocene of Bantam. Consequently the
Seuroela Horizon in Atjeh and our material from the southern
Upper-Kalibeng in the Kendeng region are apparently of the
same age.

A comparison of the Atjeh and Kendeng Ostracods reveals
the fact, that a remarkable number of identical species occurs in
both regions, 2500 km apart.

The composition of the Bodjonegoro fauna is quite different;
forty-one species were found, four of which are only present in
the material of the Atjeh-Kendeng Region: Cytherelloidea
bankoensis var., Krithe bartonensis, Cythereis dictyon, and
Paijenborchella malaiensis. Bodjonegoro, Atjeh and Kendeng
have only one species in common, i.e. Cytherelloidea hang-
koensis var. which is also the only Bodjonegoro species in the
Kendeng region. The cosmopolitan forms Krithe bartonensis
and Cythereis dictyon are of little importance. Paijenborchella
malaiensis, however, was found in the Border Clay and does not
occur in younger deposits. There seems to be some relationship
with the eastern Borneo Tertiary as is indicated by the presence
of Cytherelloidea sangkoelirangensis, Bairdia cf. boeloenga-
nensis, Baidia cf. orientalis.

No Ostracods of pre-Upper Kalibeng age have been met with
in the S Kendeng region. Our material from there, which is of
Upper Kalibeng age, contains Ostracods quite different from
the Bodjonegoro fauna. Apparently the Kendeng Hills have not
been submerged during the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods at
least; this is in accordance with DUYFJES, who accepted an
unconformity between the Rembang — and the Lower Kalibeng
Beds.

The examined material from the Java Sea contained nineteen
species. With the exception of Krithe bartonensis, this recent
material and the Bodjonegoro samples have no species in
common, whereas nine recent forms were also found in the
Atjeh-Kendeng material.

Seven of the Bodjonegoro Ostracods have been found by
Brady in the eastern part of the Archipelago (Moluccas and
Papua region); it is remarkable, that these forms are absent in
the recent Java Sea material. This may be explained by the
assumption, that the Bodjonegoro Basin was separated from
the surrounding seas, causing a degeneration of the faunaa_ttie

102

remains of which afterwards became lost in the pleistocene
Soenda fauna. This assumption is confirmed by the presence of
Orthonotacythere, — which has until now been considered an
index-fossil of the Lower Tertiary — in the Pliocene of Bodjo-
negoro, As BOOMGAART kindly informed me, this supposition
may be strengthened by the result of the examination of
smaller Foraminifera from Bodjonegoro. It is possible, that
many of the recent Java Sea Ostracods migrated from the
Indian Ocean into the Java Sea after the drowning of the Soenda
Platform and after the forming of Soenda Strait, between Java
and Sumatra.

103

BIBLIOGRAPHY

C. I. Alexander (1929)
----(1933)

C. H. Blake (1933)

W. A. V. d. Bold (1946)

J. Bosquet (1852)

G. S, Brady (1865)

-- (1866)

— — (1867)

-- (1868)

-- (1880)

----(1890)

G. S. Brady,
H. M. Grosskey &
D. A. Robertson (1874)

F. Chapman (1910)

--(1911—1914)

Ostracoda of the Cretaceous of North

Univ. Texas Bull. 2907, 1929.
Shellstructure of the genus Cytherop-
teron and fossil species from the
Cretaceous of Texas.
Journ. of Pal. 7, 1933.
New Crustacea from the Mnt. Desert
region. Ostracoda.

Biol. Surv. Mnt. Desert region. Maine
U.S.A. Phil. 1933.

Contribution to the study of Ostracoda
with special reference to the tertiary
and cretaceous microfauna of the Ca-
ribbean region.
Thesis Utrecht 1946.
Description des Entomostracés fossiles
des terrains tertiaires de la France et
de la Belgique.

Mém. Courr. Acad. Roy. Belgique v. 24.
1852.

On undescribed fossil Entomostraca
from the Brickearth o.t. Nar.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. s. 3, v. 16, 1865.
On new or imperfectly known Ostra-
coda.

Trans. Zool. Soc. London v. 5, 1866.
Description of Ostracoda in Berchon, de
Folin et Périer: Les Fonds de la Mer.
etc. vol. 1, 2, 4, 1867—1886.
Marine Ostracoda from the Mauritius.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. s. 4, v. 2, 1868.
Ostracoda. Report on the scientific
results of the voyage of H.M.S. Chal-
lenger 1880.

On Ostracoda collected in the South
sea Islands.

Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh v. XXXV,
p. 2, 1890.

A Monograph of the Post-Tertiary
Entomostraca of Scotland, including
species from England and Ireland.
Paleontogr. Soc. London. 1874.
On deep-sea foraminifera and ostracoda
collected round Funafuti.
Journ. Linn. Soc. London. 1910.
Scientific report Austr. Antarct. Exp.
Ser. C, vol. V.

The Cretaceous and Tertiary Foramini-
fera of N. Zealand (with appendix on
the Ostracoda).

N. Zeal. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 11, 1926.

----(1926)

104

H. N. Coryell &
S. Fields (1937)
H. N. Coryell,
C. H. Sample &
P. H. Jennings (1935)
D. J. Doeglas (1921)

J. Duyf jes (1936)

(1938)

(1938)

R. E. Edwards (1944)
J. G. Egg er (1901)

L. J. C. van Es (1931)
E. C. Fy an (1916)

J. Lechmere

Guppy (1921)

N. Hirschmann (1909)

C. W. A. P. \'t Hoen (1922)

H. V. Howe (1936)

H. V. Howe &
grad. students (1935)

H. V. Howe &
J. Law (1936)

A Gatun Ostracod-faima from Panama.
Am. Mus. Novitates 956, 1937.
Bairdoppilata, a new genus of Ostra-
coda with two new species.
Am. Mus. Novitates 777, 1935.
Ostracoda from N. E. Borneo.
Wetensch. Meded. Dienst v. d. Mijn-
bouw n. 17, 1921.

Zur Geologie und Stratigraphie des
Kendenggebietes zwischen Trinil und
Soerabaja (Java).

Ing. Ned.-Indië, IV, Mijnb. en Geol.,
3, Aug. 1936.

Geologische Kaart van Java, Blad 109

(Lamongan).

Batavia 1938.

Geologische Kaart van Java, Blad 115

(Soerabaja).

Batavia 1938.

Ostracoda from the Duplin marl (U.

Miocene) of N. Carolina.

Journ. of Pal. 18, 1944.

Ostrakoden aus Meeresgrundproben ge-

lothet von 1874—\'76 von S.M.S. Gazelle.

Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Kön. Bay. Akad.

Wiss. 21, 1901.

The age of Pithecanthropus.

The Hague 1931.

Eenige jongpliocene ostracoden van
Timor.

Versl. Gew. Verg. Kon. Akad. Wetensch.
afd. Wis- en Natuurk. Dl. XXIII, 1916.
Microzoa of the tertiary and other
rocks of Trinidad and the W. Indies.
BuU. Am. Pal. v. 8, p. 35, 1921 (Re-
prints).

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ostracoden-
fauna des Finnischen Meeresbusens.
Meddel. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fenn. 35,
1909.

Verslag over het onderzoek der ter-
tiaire petroleum-terreinen ter Oostkust
van Atjeh (Atjeh II).
Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in N.O.I.
1919, Verh. I, 1922.

Ostracoda of the genus Eucythere from

the Tertiary of Mississippi.

Journ. of Pal. 10, 1936.

Ostracoda of the Area zone of the

Choctawhatchee Miocene of Florida.

Florida Dept. Conserv. Geol. BulL 2,

1935.

Louisiana Vicksburg Oligocene Ostra-
coda.

Louisiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Buil. 7,

1936.

105

T. K. Jones (1849)

(1856)

W. Klie (1929)

G. H. R. von Koenigs-
wald (1940)

Ph. H. Kuenen(1942)

O. F. Müller (1785)

G. W. Müller (1894)

----(1906)

----(1912)

G. Murray Jr &
K. M. Hussey (1942)

C. H. Oostingh (1938)

W. F. F. Oppenoorth,
J. Zwierzycki &
G. A. Hoogenraad

(1918)

L. W. Ie Roy (1939)

(1941)

(1943)

L. M. R. Rutten (1927)

Monograph of the Entomostraca of the
Cretaceous formation of England.
Paleontogr. Soc. London 1849.

Monograph of the Tertiary Entomos-
traca of England.
Paleontogr. Soc. London 1856.

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ostracoden
der S. und W. Ostsee, der festländische
Nordseeküste vmd der Insel Helgoland.
Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. 134, Leipzig 1929.
Neue Pithecenthropus Fimde 1936—\'38.
Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen Nr.
28. Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Ned.-
Ind. 1940.

The Snellius-Expedition in the E part
of the Dutch East Indies 1929—30.
Vol. V, Geological results, Part 3,
Bottom samples. Leiden 1942.
Entomostraca su insecta testacea quae
in aquis Daniae et Norvegiae reperit
descipsit et iconibus illustranit Lipsiae
et Hafniae 1785 Frankfort/Main.
Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel
XX. Ostracoden. 1894.
Ostracoda der deutsche Tiefes Exp. auf
dem Valdivia. 1906.

Das Tierreich 31 Ostracoda. Berlin 1912.
Some tertiary Ostracoda of the genera
Alatacythere and Brachycythere.
Journ. of PaL 16, 1942.
Die Mollusken des Pliocäns von Süd-
Bantam in Java.

Ing. Ned.-Indië, IV, Mijnb. en GeoL,
1938—\'39—\'40.

Verslag over het onderzoek der tertiaire
petroleum-terreinen in Atjeh I.
Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in N.O.I.
1917, Verh. I, 1918.

Some small Foraminifera, Ostracoda
and Otholiths from the Neogene of the
Rokan-Tapanoeli area, Central Sumatra.
Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. lindë, XCIX,
1939.

The Ostracode genus Cytherelloidea
from the Tertiary of the Netherlands
East Indies.

Journ. of Pal. 15, 1941.

Pleistocene and Pliocene Ostracoda of
the coastal region of southern Cali-
fornia.

Journ. of Pal. 17, 1943.

Voordrachten over de Geologie van
Nederlandseh Oost-Indië.
Den Haag 1927.

106

G. O. Sars (1865)

--(1923—\'28)

M. B. Stephenson (1936)

----(1937)

----(1938)

E. Trieb el(1938)

----(1941)

E. O. Ulrich &

R. S. Bass Ier (1904)
R. D. M. Verbeek &
R. Fennerna (1896)
J. Zwierzycki (1919)

Oversigt of Norges marine Ostracoder.
Forh. i. Vidensk. Selskabet i Christiania
1865 (1866).

An account of the Crustacea of Norway.
Pt. 9, 1923—\'28.

Shellstructure of the Ostracoda genus
Cytheridea.

Journ. of Pal. 10, 1936.

Middle Tertiary Ostracoda of the genus

Cytheridea.

Journ. of Pal. 11, 1937.

Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda of the
genus Cytheridea from Florida.
Journ. of Pal. 12, 1938.
Protocythere und Exophthalmocythere,
zwei neue Ostracodengattungen aus der
der deutschen Kreide.
Senckenbergiana 20, 1938.
Die Cytherinae und Cytherideinae der
unteren Kreide.
Senckenbergiana 23, 1941.
Ostracoda in Maryland Geol. Surv.
Miocene Recept, 1904.
Geologische beschrijving van Java en
Madoera, 1896.

Geol. overzichtskaart van den Neder-
landsch Oost Indischen Archipel (Noord
Sumatra).

Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in N.O.I.
1919, Verh. I 1922.

PLATES VI—XI.