Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht
Collectie
KALMAN KLEIN

V _ ■ -1!;

•^ite ;,

Giiarlee Allen.

^^e Operator for the Teeth,

1686, Dublin Andrew Crook and Samuel Helshan.

, SHE WINQ .
How to Preferve the Te^th md Gums from

the Accidents they are fubjed: to: With par-
ticular Directions for Childreas Teeth.
As alfo the Defcription and Ufa of the P 0 L f C A
Never Pubyftip^ ^fore. ^ ,

% C HAR les ALLe N; Profeffor of the fame.

To which is Annexed

A Phyfical Difcourle, wherein the reafons o£.the

Beating of the Pulfe, or Pulfation of the Arteries

together with thofe of the circulation of the Blood

are mechanically Explained; which was never
done before.

By an Unknown Hand.

^ ^ ƒ ^ ^nbsp;^ynbsp;a^dnbsp;for the Author

and are to be Sold by Robert Thornton Bookfeller, at {he Leatkr.Bmd^

R. Rule, in Chrifto P.D. Franc,

Archiep. Dübl. a Sac. Dom.

c

\'ii\':\' M J i;

. - TO T-HE \'\'-

MOST HO NO LIRA

TRULY LEA RN E

The Phyfitians, Chirurgions and

Of the City of DUEL

^ - : f :
gentlemen/ .

Hen; I -fee your INDEFATIGABLE

Care iii-proGuring men (that without
which all the \\¥orld is nothing) HEALTH, the
PRIMARY; rcagfe.fo^^nbsp;and. Prop of

Hunaaiie FELIGI TY; and how the experience
of fo many years manifelh to al! men, by the
happy,-lucqefi your Tinder takings, and your
great■Charity--tothe Poor, that your private in-
tentions do correfpond admirably well with your
external adions; and-that ail your indeavours
are real and -unfeigned I am perfwaded, that
whatever can in anyquot; wife contribute to the pro«
moting of your moft Noble and Generous De-
fign, can\'t
fore having

lick Advantage, eompofed the following fmall
Treatife, I take the liberty moft humbly to pre-
rent it You; that (as You are the beft JUIXjES
of the thing) fo You may by /our Judicious
and Impartial Cenfure of it, inform the World
of its worth ; that no perfoa inay be deceiv\'d m
it. For my intentions in publifhing it, being to
advance the common Good; if I thought it did
contain any thing contrary to that D E S I G N^
I fliou\'d be the firft that woiid indeavour its.

But, GENTLEMEN, befides the foregoing
ieafons^ which I had of offèring You this firft
Eflay of mine, I did it alfo to acquit my felf ir^
fcme meafure of my Duty towards You ^ and
to alTure You further, that I am in all refpeds^

GENTLEMEN,

Ifhur Mofi HumMe, Moft Ohedlent,.

And Moft OMged Servant

RLES ALLEN.

TEETH

The PROEM.

Nomng that it is the duty of every man^ and efpedally
_ of Ju:h as live under a Civil Government^ {where th^
general Intereft always includes the particular) to contribute
as much as he can (in his own fiat ion) to the publick Good :
and alfo of what Importance it is to all men to be informed of
thofe Benefits which by my Art they may enjoy, I am refioL
\'^ed to fet down here what I think mofi cmvenient for every -
one to under ft and concerning the prefervation^ and melioration
Qf his orpn Teeth; A thing indeed of little efieem among mofh
people^ but in truth^of inefitimable value for its many and impor-
tant confequences. However^ in fo doing J/hall acquit my felf
of my duty towards God and Man: Andprovided my Indeavors
prove but beneficial to others^ {as certainly they wiU^ if put in
practice) it is all I defire^ caring very little what opinion the
Griticks of Words and artificial\'Logick may have of me.\\ .

Of what Vtility this Vndertaking of mine may he to every,
body^ will appear by the fequel of this Difcourfe y whereof the

The P R O E

fiope is to prevent the /oƒ^ oƒ Teeth ; the ufe of which is fi
neceffary in the preparing of food^ that the rmnt offuch a help
(if not JkppUed by ftrong dijfolvents) hinders a true concoEiion
of the Aliments in the Stomach\'^ whence do proceed Jndi-
geftions^ and abundance of Crudities very noxious to the
body of man ; as being the feed of mo§l of thofe innumerable
Difeafes and Infirmities^ thereby Ufe is not only made trouble--
fame to us^ kui alfo confiderably lhorter than it would otherwife
be^ which is fo confinant to truth ^ that vulgar obfer vat ion it
felf has turned it into a common Proverb : For they ufe to
fay of one whofe Teeth are naturally thin, that he isJhort-Uvd,
whereof the reafonis^ that fuch perfons do not chew their meat
well. Moreover y the lofs of Teeth renders the pronouneiation
both troublefome to ones felf and uninteUigMe to others. In
a word^ the corruption, and want of them, is as great a defor-
mity, and of as much prejudice to one^ as any thing whatfoever
can be.

SEC T:

The Operator for the Teeth

.SECTION!
Of the Nature of the TE ET K

\'Hat men are woot to call Science, or the Cog-
nition of any being, is by them commonly di-
vided into two feveral parts : one whereof is termed
Theoretical^ and the other PraUicaL The firfi: includes
the reaibns and cauies of things, with the order and
manner of their progreis in coming to be w^hat they
are. T\'he lècond regards only their Properties and
EfFëds, and what they are adiiially in themfelves^
without inquiring how they come to be lb made, or
thus qualify\'d. As for example of thole two branches
of Humane Learning, (in reiped; to Phyfical matters)
when Philolbphers go about to infped: the nature of
the Loadjhne, they learch into its Origine^ tracing out
the lèverai cauiès of its FormationsCven to their lb. irce
or fpring-head ^ from whence they draw arguments
for the Iblution of. all the Fhenomena thereof; where-
as Mariners conOder it only as a certain Stone that ■
draws Iron to it felf, having- the power of communi-
cating its properties to the laid Iron; and which, if
not hindred (by its own gravity, or. any other impe^
diment) will always turn one of its fides towards, ths
North, and another diametrically oppofite to the firft
towards the South ; which ilifïïceth them for the ule
they make oh\'t, in direâiing their cpurfes throaigh-the
Sea, without caring w^hat may be the ,cauie of lb ad-
-nbsp;miraole-

The Operator for the Teeth.
mirable vertues in tlie Magnet. Either of which con-
ftituent paits of Knowledge being feparated from the
other, cannot afîbrd a full and latisficlory account of
a thing : And therefore being about to treat of my
Art, I fliouîd by conleqiience begin with its Theory^
and difcourfe of the Elements., Prindples, and fîrfi: Rudî-
ments of the Teeth\', which make the Subjeâ: thereof,
unfolding thereafons of their conftitution and frame,
and how they come to have lèverai Roots, and to grow
above the Gums; with what ever elle may be the caulë
of their Ipecifical being; and thence pals to the Pra-
ctice. But Ibme Gonilderations obliging me to defer
treating of the former Fart., or Theorick^ till a better
opportunity, I defign only to lay down in this Paper
ibme of the mofi: principal Points relating to the other;
namely, the Practical part of my ProfeJ/ion. In doing
which, although it would be enough for us to Ipeakof
things, as in the ftate wherein we find them : yet for
the fatisfadion of the Reader, and out of a real defire
to lerve him; weihall not deftitute our Dilcourle of
fuch Reafons as are neceffary for the well underftand-
ing of what we ftiall fay. So that although this Tra-
ctate will be imperfeél, as wanting many things, yet
what it iliallcontain, will beas uleful and advanta-
geous as if it were accompanied with all the reft.
However, according to the method we have preleri-
bed our felves here, we are to proceed next to the
confideration of the Strudure, and conftitution or
■nature of the Tooth.

In Andyfing the Toothy its fubftance is not found to

be

The Ofjerdtor for the Teethnbsp;f

be uniform e\\rery wiiere, but manifeftly dirtiiiguiili-
able into two different Ibrts of make: one of theiil
being harder, whiter, and of a finer texture; and the
other Ibfter, more obfcure, and of a courfer compo-
fition. The firft makes lap the head of tb.e Tooth,-or
that part of it that (lands out naked above the Gums;
and the other its ftump, or that part on t which is
hidden within the laid Gums. The expoled part of
the Tooth confifts alfo of two different Parts: To wit.
its ftony Cover or Cafe, and its inward fubftance ■
the firft is as it were an hard Feriofieum^ that invefts
the head of the Tooth on ail fides, lying on it muck
after the fame manner that Enamel does upon Gold,
or any other thing. This natural Enamel which I
Call the glofs of the Tooth, is of a far harder, whiter^
niore denfe and lucid nature than the inward fub^
fiance lying under it: which for its feveral ufes may
p\'operly be compared to the Cj/to/^t, or Scarf-skin,
for like unto this it is bloodiefs, and altogether de-
ftitute of fenfe, ferving to cover and defend the
tremities of the Veffels, con tained within the inward
fubflance, from external injuries, and to render the
Tooth more beautiful and ftrong. It has pores for
the perfpiration of the excranents of the Tooth, which
pores are not always of the fame figure, nor mquot;agni-
tude, but vary almoft in every body. The faid glo^
or ^fton^/^lbbflance is likewife very various in point eftquot;
thicknefs : from which differences, do ariie the di-
Verfity of its colour in feveral men. ■

The inward part of the head of the I\'ooth^ tliougk

^ Qnbsp;The Opemtor fop the Teeth.

inferior to its cover or glofs in briglitnefs and folidi-
ty^yet its fubftance is nevertlielels mncli morecomr
ma, and clearer than,that of the ftump: and con-
mills two leveral forts of pores, or fmall channels,
Ijoth of a conical figure, having their Bafes in tlie con-
cofve Jhperficies o£ Tooth, Rad thek Ape:t:es m the
co/jz^e^ fuperficies of the inward fubftance, immediately
iinder its glally integument. Through ibme of winch
channels the Mood is carried by many and very Imall
Arteridnbsp;from the middle of the Tooth to its

extremityand through the others the fame blood is
lent back again from thefeid extremity towards its
middle, bynbsp;veins, as lliall be laid here^

\' As to the root oi\' ftump of the Tooth, it is the dark^
\'dl^ moCt Ibft, and porous portion of its ^hole Ipb-r
ftance; and yet is cloler and harder than any other
bone of the body, having alio two forts of channels,
but of different iituation from one another:, for Ibme
of themhave their Bafes (like thofe above delcribed)
jtQwardsv the cavity of the Tooth,, and contain the
branches of the Artery, that carry the blood quite
through the fubftance of the Tooth, to the Gums, as
lhall be explained in its place; but the others con.
trary to any of thale already mentioned, have their
Bales towards the external iuperficies of the 1 ooth;
the ule of which laft conduits, is to tranfniit to the
Gums the blood that is returned to the heart fi^om the
membrjue tiik invciiS: the cavity of the Tooth. This
rooty part of the Tooth confifts in the Imall Teeth

The Operator for the Tëeth.nbsp;i/^iT;

of ^fiiiglc body, and in thé big ones is div ided into ,
two^ three, or four branches, called roots or fangs: a-
long the middle of each of tbele fangs^thsre is a little
chkanel that goes up to the head of the Tootli, wheref
they are united together, and make bot a liiigle car:
vity, whereiiito are carried the veffels of the Toothy
paffing firft through the hollownels of the ftuiiips.
Every Tooth has its particular cell or locket withia.
the Mmdibk,é\\i^tmcx from all the reft (by a tliin pro-
dudion of the jaw-bon^ pailiiig between the Teeth^
from one fide of the faid bone to the other) wherein
moft of its ftump is comprehciidedj the reft being io-
compaffed about with the Gums.

sect, il

Of the Alteration of the Teeth, rpith their Remedies.,^

y _nbsp;,nbsp;, , ■ . , ^ ..... \' : rv■ i

quot;T^Roiii tKe confideration of the nature of die Teeth,
__ let us now pafs to that of the iirft ftep of theit
degenerating, or mutatioR. For the better underftand-
ing of which, we fliall take notice, that^as :0ur body is:;
f^ .made by.,.nature, that it %vafts cpiitioualiy: by/the
disfipation of ibme Particles, fepai\'atiiig:;tbemfelYes:
from its Mafsj without interiiiisfion; (tranlpirbig foe
the. moft part, through the^ pQ.res ofthe skin) and that)
if theiè particles (which being divided from tlie v/hole^-;
hccomQ Ezcrementitious) are. kept ■ too long wüthiii tht?
body, (by realbn of the Opilation of ;the laid poi\'es) itï\'
cauiès Fevers, and great.dilbrders in our bloo% aiK?!\'

vital as. well as animal Funélions;:; So Jikewile -fomj
■ ■■ ■ - ^^^

Tie Of emtor fm the Teeth.
Mie fubftance of the Teeth are emitted certain Eflu^
mums through their pores^ the tranfpiration of which
being hmdred, (by the obftruaion of thofe iiwiliblc
pafTages) the Teeth become liable to-ail thofe infirmi-
ties hereafter to be mentioned.

■ The fubftance of the Tooth being rigid and infiex-\'
ible, it cannot be of by contraction, or aftridtion:
as the skin ufually is but only by the intrufion offohie
extraneous matter into its pores^ or the incru itation
of Ibme flimy ftuff upon its iuperficies; which is done
wlien we eat any thing of aglutinoiis nature, for theii:
ibme of its moft vifcous parts do ftid^^ and dea%^e a-
boutthe Teeth; and by the mixture of Ibme tartariouS\'
particles coming from the Lungs, the heat of the
mouth, and a certain petrifick juice diftilling into^
the mouth, out o^ th.Q Salivd DuBs, is turned into a
ftone-like llibftance, commonly called the fcales or
Icurf of the Teeth: thele fcales grow thicker and thick-
er continually, and if let alone^ will cover ths Teeth
all over, except juit at the top were they grind one
againft another.

^ Haying thus taken notice of the produaion of thofe
icales^. let us now confider of what ill confequences ■
tliey may be to the Teetk The firlt whereof is the
Opiktim o^ their pores, from whence proceed ail the
reft::ibr by that the exit of thofe Ezcrementitious par-
tides before mentitioned being hindred,it caufes them
to-ltagnate within the body of the Tooth^^^, and there
Gorriipting, do corrade.it by degrees; beginning firft
by the, alfe;ratiom..ofits coloiir^ from white to vdlow.

and.

The Operator for the TêeïE\'nbsp;t^

and from yellow to black; and then follows the toé.
decay of its fubltance, ^r.

1 he faid humor is not only deÖru^live to the Teeth,
but extendsallb its malignity to the Gums; ibme of
its particles being fubtil enough (after a dm fermenta-
tion) to pafs through the fcales, and thence Aiding be-
tween the Gums and the Teeth^ they eat clear away
the ligaments that tye thein together, dividing them
one from another to the very jaw-bone: which is luf-
iicieiitly proved by the exemption and rawnefs of: the\'
Guxus, and their being lo tender and loofe from the
Teeth where ever liich Icafe are fbund;;and efpecially :
if they be grown- to a.confiderable thicknefs, ..; /

It happens Ibmetimes that the uluaf paffiges of
this corrupted humor being ftopt by thefcales^, (^^dien
they are hard, and clofe enough) is thereby repercuf-
led, and made to take its courJfe towards thê middié
of the Töo/^, dilcharging it lëlf therein between thé
Concave fuperfic\'ies of the Tooth, 2ind the Tunicle in veil-
ing the lame ; %yjiere it occafions very great paim^iM
atTafi -its^fretting, and^corrofive -quality, gnawS\'
and coofumes t|uii te away the l^d wembrans^ as alio
the velIHsöfthdToó^aM then paffii^ out of the laid
Tooth, it diffufes it lelf through the^feo/i/j or focketj
where exerting its dangerous facuity,it deftroys utter-
ty whatever caufes any; cow^é-iw^ bmvéen the
the jaw-bone and theGums,,.as the Pét/o/^fg^;»;
ter which the Teeth do confequently fall out for the
moft part found, and unaltered, etópt only M their

colour,;(which becomes yellowifh),,Jby r thatquot; the

P \'3nbsp;afbrelaid.

^ jjLnbsp;Operator fjr the Teeth,

Sjr€ikM:E::^€rementitIom Hiimoiir being at^\'fl diveiv
ted another way, did not ftay long enough under the
fcafes to occafion in- them ; a greater detriment: All
-which incomniodities to\'obviatejieep onlyyour I\'eeth
xlean from Icuri; or any ibulneis; ^ and if they be al-
=:i:eady cleaq., you need but-to preitn^ve them as they
.are; but.ifnot, get.them to be made.ib by ibme Ar-^
itifr in that.Funaioii,.;\'fbr ^otherwile tf yon empioY a^
?tiy body thatisunsl^lfal ihitjyou may chance to tind
the Remedy worfe than the Dileafe; by reafon that
not knowing the dangers attending fuch an Opera-
tion^ he may commit a great many and i^xniciou^ Er-
rors, as the breaking of the Film that ilPites the Gums
^to the Teetl\\,the taking away of the gloi| of the Teetii,
Soon after wliich, the Tooth will lole its natural

luftre, and become yellowifh, fubjeil . to.ake,; and at

IM wholly perifh aw^y, ^be tJwC^^^PS;^®^^
broken, will ^ikewileand\'Effaw from the

Tour Teeth beingnbsp;ni^ prelerve

them with\'thisnbsp;ofBe^xrUy

Toxpder^

tity,\' andquot; as\' much\' ked-FioJ^-^aier\' as\' will^ meorporate

The -OperdtM fm.the W^nbsp;gt;

as be well Imbws IiimlHf,) I caH an

■ SE€T,\'; II£. -
Of the Corruptiompfthe^^^^,witht^^ Remedies,: Where^.
to is Annexed the ~Defcription md Vfe of the YoliCm, -

\'Aving in the fprmer Section confidered ^iQTeethy.

__[ as at the beginning qf tlieir decay,in lucli a con-.

ditioh as tho they fuffer\'^ Ibme light change in their,
accidents, yet their lubftance, form and proportion
remaining ftiii the lame, is only called alteration gt;
tliat is, in a ftate wherein indeed they are inyironed,,
and affaiilted by their greateft enemies^ but yet in a
capacity of being relcued anJ preierved from their,
Harnis.^ But now we ftiallconfider them as overcome,
by all tlple threatning,evils, and really corrji]
which cafe, all that can be done, is to prevent
total ruine.

And as th^r^ are iome not lb iar gone, bcit that
tliey may ffinbsp;lielped, we.

are t6 uie oiir utmdft ihdeavours to do it; which to
effect, we ihall in the firft place clear their out fide
fi\'om all foulnels^-rand then with a properInftrument
fcrajge, off whatever is rotten within, wafhing thenr
very weHafterwards with ibme convenient liquid, to
Icour andUnooth away wdiat the Inftrument may
leave behind:. and, then if the Tooth be lb hollow th^T
it may be ftopt^ it muft: be fill\'d up with fucii ingre-
dients as are neithei- corrofive, nor ill tafted, and of a
confiftence firm enough to be ufed in the lame maii-^

net -

Yhê Bpemtör for the TiétK
iier ^^^h^ Teeth are^ and tö keep from waftlng for a
confiderable time ; lgt;ut if the Tooth rots every way
equally, lb that there no cavity left, wherein any
thingxaa keep faft^ it mtafi: only be kept clean^ ti-
Idngjcare after every meal to pidc out any meat that
may get into it, and then walh it very well with fail\'
water; for if you negleéi fo to do, the conruption of
the rotten TböA will faliu|ton the others, and lb infèéï
;jall the refi:.

With thefe precantions, I would ad vile every one
to keep his Teeth as long as he can, although they were
rotten to the very Gums^ provided only they do not
ake^ by realbn that their ikimps filling up their Ibckr
ets, lèrve (like fo many wedges) to keep the others
fireight and firm in their places; but if they are veiy,
bad,and withal fubjetft toake^itis better to have them
out, left they fhould occafion an ill habit in the Gums,
that might be hurtful to the found ones.

TheiDrawing out of is pr^ffiièd^\'b a great,
imanyj but perhaps underftood but of very few; and
1 am fure that there is a great deal moré danger in
the Drawing of ü. Tooth, (efpecially out of the lower
Jaw, than moft people are cpmrnoiily aware óf. It is
dn Operation that requires to be performed with
grmt care and circumlpedion, and not fo raihly it
m eoii\'imonly done.

But asthe greateft difficillty of this Bufinels lies in.
iinderitaiidiiig the make, - ahd ajpplication of the In-
ilruments that are iniploy\'d abdut the Drav/iog of
Jeeth^ J £hair(for the benefit of Fra^fitioners, as well

The Operator for the Teeth,nbsp;\' jJ

as of thofe that will be their Patients) fiibjoyn here,
the defcription and ufe of the Folicani which is one
of the befl: of them.

The Defcription and Ufe of the Mican.

■^He Conftru^lion, and ufual fnape of the foUcan^

_ is a thing fo well known by every body, that it

wou\'d be needlels to infift at all upon it. And there-
fore, without lofmg time in fuch fuperfiuous Difcour-
fes, we (hall here take notice of ibme other things ap-
pertaining to the faid Inftrument, more material and
ufeful: as the due proportion that its parts ought to
have,confidered in themielves, and in refped of each
other.

In the firft place then, (fuppofing that you know
the ffcuff wherewithal it muft be made, which ought
to be a tough fteel, or fteel and iron togetiier) let the
tree of the Polican be about four inches long, and lb
perforated, that the diftance betwixt the cmtre of
the hole (wherein goes the pin, upon wiiich are faft--
ned the two branches) and one of the extremities, be
a line greater than the other. Let one of the two bran-
ches be two lines longer than the other; let alfo each
claw be three lines long. And finally, let the diflance
between the bolfter, or femicircle of the longeft fide
of the tree, be two lines. And you will have four di-
ftances between the claws and the bolfters, which is
fofficient to draw all forts oi Teeth. For with the
fefi:, which is of two lines, you may draw the Inci fores.

Gnbsp;With

The Operator forthe Teeth
With the -fécond, of three lines, you may^ draw the
CaniriL With the third, of four lines, the Double and
Treble Teeth.. And with the fourth, of five lines, the
Quadruple ones.

Your Folkan being tlras=^ made, if you have a mind
to ufeit^ you muft lb apply the Claw to the infide of
the T-Mh you intend to pull out, that its branch may
ftand exadly upon the middle of the laid Toaf/:?^ gent-
ly leaning your Eolfter upon the next to it, the better
to take your meafures; and then draw the Tooth out.
But take heed 3^ou do not draw obliquelj, hut in r di-
reâ: line from the Tooth outwardly gt; for in drawing
laterally, you might chance lb to force the Tooth to
be drawn, upon the next to it, that you wou\'d draw
tliem both together, or atleafi loolen very much the
found one^ and put a far greater force upon the other
in drawing it^ than is neceffary. V/hich woud occa-
llon an infinitely greater pain to the Fatient^ thm if
you had done-it rightly.

Thus, much have. I thought fit: to tell you concern--
ing the _ nature and., uie of the. Folkan ;. which if you
oblerve punâiually, you need never\' fear the Draw^»-
ing weli of any Tooth, As for the, reft of the Inftru-
nients now in ufe, with,lèverai others-of my own In- .,
vention^,! fliall give, you the particular Defcriptioo,
and ufe of every one of them, in the next Impreifion.
of this Diicoiirie; if .you think ,this worthy of your;-

SECT

The Operator for the Teetk
SECT. lY.

Of the Refiauration of the Teetk

Hen our decay d Teeth are fo £ir gone before
^ , we think of any Remedy for their preferva-
tion, that whatever we can do, pro/es but fruitlefs -
And that notwithftanding all our beft indeavours^
they perifh, and rot quite away; or that fonie into-
lerable pain has made us to draw them; we are not
yet to defpair, and efleem our felves/oo^^^/^y} for all
the reft of our life: the lofs indeed is great, but not
irreparable ; there is ftill ibme help for it, the natu-
ral want may be fupplied artificially, and herein Art
imitates Nature fo naifty, that when the fuccedaneous
Teeth (if I may fo fpeak)are well fet in, they cannot
be diftmguiihed from the natural ones, (neither in
colour, firmnefs, nor proportion) but by them that
know of it. Being thus exadly fitted to their place
they will keep the next to them, and by conlequence
all the reft ol that Jaw abundantly firmer and ftron-
gerthan they would otlierwife be.

The Advantages that may be attributed to the ar-
tificial Teeth, are many; as that they keep the others \'
faft, as we faid juft now,that they are of a great orna-
ment, and help pronounciation extremely, But
all that is with a Vrovifo, that they be well made, and
according to the beft Art ; for otherwife they mi^ht
prove quite contraiy.nbsp;^

Befides this Artificial way of repairing the lofs of

C 2nbsp;Teeth

a onbsp;The Operator for the Teeth.

Teeth^ there is another that may be called Natural;
which is done by taldng out the rotten Teeth or
Humps, and putting in their places Ibme found ones,
drawn immediately after out of fome poor body\'s
head: which thing (tho difficult) I know to be feafi^
ble enough, not only by my own realbn that tells me
lo, but by experience it felf, as (to lay no more at pre-
fent) may be inftanced in the cale of a certain Lady,
who thinking to have tmo Teeth growing one on the top
of another, came one day to my Mafter to have one of
them Drawn: my Malter told her that they were not
two ^iitm3:Teeth^ butonly a double one; but the La-^
ciy being not latisfied with this, delired him to take
out the Tooth ihe had told him of^ let it be what it
would. The Tooth being drawn out, and proving as
my Malter had laid, it was quickly let again into tiie
Jaw; and with the ule of Ibme convenient and pro-
per Remedies, became in few w eeks to be as firm again,
as any of the relt.

And yet although the event of this.particular had
not proved lb proiperous as it did; its ill fuccels would
not deltroy in me the poffibility of foch. a tranlplant-
ing, or Inoculation of Teeth: (if 1 may be permitted to
life fuch terms) that was not the only motive I had
to believe it ; and I have not inlerted the Story of it
here as an Argument to prove invincibly what Hay,
but only as a proper Example to render probable to
others what 1 know to be true. However, I do not
like, that method of drawing Teeth out of fome folks
heads, to put them into others, both for its being too

inhTgt;

The Operator for the Teeth.nbsp;2-1

inhiimane, and attended with too many difficulties;
and then neither could this be called the reftaurati-
on of Teeth, fince the reparation of one, is the ruiae of
another ; it is only robbing of Feter to pay Faul But
if initead of humane Teeth y there is ule made of thole
of fome Brutes, as Dogs, Sheep, amp;c. In luch caie I do
not only approve of it as lawful and facile, but do
alio efteem it as very profitable and advantageous ;
only care is to be had, that the thing be undertaken,
and carried on by one that at leafl: knows Ibmething
of Anatomy, and has a right fenfe of the thing to be
dane, being furnifhed with whatever is neceffary in
an Operation of that nature.

And that (if my Opinion may be any wife lervice-
able iafuchan Attempt) I may contribute fomething
towards the improvement of fo ufeful an Invention;
I think one is, to proceed in it fomewhat after this
manner. Firft, I would chule an Animal whole
Teeth fhould come neareft to thofe of the Fatient; as a
Dog^ a Sheep, a Goat, or a Baboon, amp;c. and having tied
his legs together, I would faften his head in fome con-
venient place, fo that he might not ftir in the leaf!:,
and by ibme proper means keep his mouth open as
long as I fhould have occafion: that done, I would
open the Gums round about the Tooth to be taken out
of his head, not only to the very Jaw-bone, but as far
between the faid Bone and the Tooth, as the fineft In-
ftrument could go, leaving a very little portion of the^
Gums about it; and then having ufed the fame cir«.
cumfpedion^ in dividing the Patients Tooth fi\'om the

c 3nbsp;Gums.

mnbsp;The Operator for the Teeth.

\' Giams, mud tte Jaw-bone, I would draw it forth, and
put immediately in its place that of of the Brute;
faftning it very well and freight between the other
Teeth : and then with the ufe of fuitable Remedies, I
do notqueftion in the leafi: but that it would unite
to the Gums and Jaw-bone, and in a little time be-,
come as fail as any ofthe others: which performance
might properly be termed the natural Reftauration,
or Renovation of Humane Teeth,

SECT. V.

Of the Tooth\'ühe, Loofenefs of the Teeth, and decay of
the Qxxms \'y with their Remedies,

He Tooth-Ake is occafioned many and very dif-
_ ferent ways, but that I may render what I have
to fey upon it,as perfpicuous and intelligible as I can;
I think it very convenient we Ihould take a Ipecial no-
tice of the veffels that come into the Tooth, and of
their refpeaive Funaions. The firft and chiefeil:
whereof is an Arter^^, whole Office is to bring dire«
ffly fnjm the heart that hot and ipirituous blood,
outof which (although it is not the general Opinion)
theToothisatfirft made, (aswell as the reft of the
whole body) and ever after preierved and repaired by
the fupply of nouriiliment, and vital principles it af-
jfori^. continually: To this effed: the whole Artery
dividesit felf into an infinity of iinall branches, which
being difleminated throughout the whole fabftance
(rf the Tooth, diftribute to each part as much of their
--nbsp;blood

The Operator fir the Teeth,nbsp;2 3

blood as is neceffary to make up the inceffant lofs they
are fubjed to; and the reft is returned through innu-
merable hair-like veins into the great ones, and thence
to the heart again, but in two diamp;rent manners: for
the fuperfluous part of that portion of the blood,that
is carried by the Capillary Arteries to that part of the
Tooth ftanding above the Gums, is lent back again
through fome Capillary veins towards the middle of
the Tooth ; where uniting together, they make but
a flngle channel ; and this is it we commonly call the
vein of the Tooth, which we fhall here take for its le-
cond veffel. But the remainder of the blood, that goes
to the relief of that part of the Tooth that is within
the Gums, paffing quite through the fubftance of the
Tooth, is carried by tlie Capillary veins to the veins of
the Gums, Cheeks, and Lips; and hence it is that
whatever pain is at any time occafioned in any of
thoie parts, (either by bruife, exceffive heat, or cold^
^\'c.) comes to te loon after communicated to the
Teeth.

The Third and Laft VelTel of the Tosth is a
Nerve, one of the extremities whereof is ex-
panded through the Membrane that invefts die
cavity of tlie Tooth 5 , and that, that contains its
Veffels; and the other is rooted in the Brain, from
whence it takes its Origine, and where the Animal Bpi^
rits being elaborated, are thence lent by the Nerves
to all the parts of the body, to adminifcr lenfe, and
the caufeof motion to themj^c. although in fome,(as
the Teeth) the. faculty of .motion is not-exercifcd.

t ^

Tke Operdfor for the Teeth.

Fran this confideration of the VefFels of the Tooth
we may gather the following reafons of its Dolour-
As firft, that if either through the too great quant\'-
ty, or ebulition of the Mood, the Artery is lb dilated
and fwoln, that it fills up the hole at the end of the
Itumps where it enters the Tooth, and confequently
fo comprelTes the vein going out the fame way, that
the cnxulation of the Blood is thereby hindred; the
continual flowing in of the blood will extremely pufF
up, and difiend the membrane that contains the velTels
and confequently caufe a great pain in the Tooth •
which will laft till either the preternatural of the
Blood be changed, or that the Arteriols which we have
laid to pafs quite through the rooty part of the Tooth
be fo ftretched and widened, that by them the Blood
may be difcharged into the Gums, Cheeks and Lips -
where it will then caule a fwelling, greater or leffe/
according to the quantity of the fuperfluous Blo:)d. \'

And il at the beginning of this diforder, when the
Vein is firft impeded in its Fmaion, th^ motion of the
Blood is fo rapid, and its influx into the Tooth fo im-
petuous, that before it can make its way through the
fmall Arterial Twigs into the Gums, it does extremely
extend the coats of the Artery, the Interftices between
their Fibres will thereby become wide enough to o-ive
pafTage to fome of the thinneft parts of the B%od\'
which gathering at tlie end of the root, between the
GUtfide of the Artery, mid the common Coat mveiYm^
all the Yeffels, will there putrifie, and caufe a great
and very lafting pain in the Tooth; during which,

if

TheOpermrJort^^^
if the.Tootli be drawn, the faid gathering wiiJ appear
at the end of its ft amp like a little Bladder.

You Iball know this fort ofnbsp;by the livrh

beating of your Fulfe, the fulnefs of the Veins, and an
often beatmg in the afFeded Tooth; with a continu-
al, tho not very extreme pain. And then for the Cure
of It, you muft firft bleed the Gums, and fometimes
open a Vein in the Arm alfo, and walb your mouth
with Rofe-water and Vinegar, of eaeh equal quantities
rnixt together; putting a little Gotten dipt in Ov/of
Box mto the Tooth, if it be hollow.

Furthermore, if that portion oi tho: Blood, which is
diffufed through the fubftance of the Brain for the
produaion of the Animal Spirits, is fo depraved, that
all the fiftmg it receives,through the hidden meanders,
and receffes of the Brain cannot clear it from its im-
purities; and that notwithftanding ail the cqntri-^
vances of Nature it is depofited into the ventricles of
the Brain^ (tho under another form yet) ftill impres;\'^-
nated with its ill qualities: fuch fort QiAr{imd Spirits
being compounded of Heterogeneous parts, if not tlm^-^
ly difcharged of their malignant and otFenfive Cor^
pufcles, (through the ulual Emunamp;ories) will either by
then; fermentation in the Ventricles of the Brain, caule
an Kead-ake; or by the oppihtiQii of its DoreSj cauie a
giadmels; _ or elle paiSng out of the Brain into the
Serves, will by their irregular motion, and prcter--
mtiiral extoition of the coats of the Nervcsaacl ofcha^
•limiciesj breed a diflurbaiicein alitlie parts thay ^^o\'
to;buC more particiikrly iji the Teeth^ ia wliicb/tli^

^nbsp;always

The Operator for the Teeth.
always excite very gteat pains. For difcharging the
peccant hamour, between the membrane that invefis
the infide of the Tooth, and that that inclofes its vef-
lels, it occafions a perpetual torment in them, till it
be expelled from thence by tranfpiration.

This fécond kind of Tooth-ake will be known by a
difturbance in the head, which precedes it mofl com-
monly j a forenefs in the joynts,and a certain droufi-
nels, and lingring pain all over the body, as if one
were inclined to an Ague, with a fliarp and very ex-
ceffive pain in the diftempered Tooth,which comes by
fits,loon ceafing, and often beginning a-new. As for its
Cure, it may be eStSteéhy Sternutation, friBion
the nape of the Neck with warm clothes, and the ap-
plication of aperitive Remedies, to open the pores ofthe
Tooth : and if it be hollow, you fhall put in t a drop
ofOjlofCamphireywhcreinto h^s been infufed fome
Henbane-root. Theiè are the two general cauiès of the
Tooth-ake^ all the reft proceeding from them^ ibme

few excepted.

There is what I had a mind to fay at this prefent
concerning the Tooth-ake. But you mufi: note fur-
ther^ that as it is not enough for one that intends to
travd a Countrey over, to underftand the Map of that
Cmntrey but he muit alio inquire often of the people
he meets with- as he goes on his journey, for the way
toXiich andiiich a place: fo although I have given
you a true account of the Tooth-ake, and have deli-
^/ered here the right method for the curing of it, yet
that Bileafe is for the moft part accompanied with

lèverai

ufermor^. forme teew*nbsp;\' tj

leveral circmiiftaoces, that, eaift be learnt but from
experience itlelf. Thus fometimes the Goiiis will be
liziid^ Ibmetimesnbsp;fometimes red^nnd inflamed.

Sometimes the Tooth is loofe, and rilen above the
Others. And Ibmetimes its root h dilcovered, and bare
of flefh. Sometimes its rotten^ andotherwhile found.\'as
to its fubftance. In fine, fometimes the pain is accom-
panied with a great/^^w/! ofnbsp;and fometimes
with a drynefs of th^ mouth, fyc. Each of which con-
comitants requires a particular confideration,\' and pe-«
culiar Remedies: confidering always thefe things,with
reference to the age, goiiftitmioB and habit of the

tietit,nbsp;■ ;

Again, it is Jgt;ut ftoly^ that a Tooth-gt;ake is found
fmple.oT uncmpounds (i2(3 W^ haye iiippoled to be, thofe
of which We have tre^^d above) that is, occafioned by
one caufe only: but it proceeds moft commonly from
feveral; and efpecially if the pain be inveterate, or
of a long ftandii^. And thjen, the jymptoms of this
complicated Igt;ifeafe,arf mixib in the fame proportion as
ththccaufes ; wWcli renders the Cure much more dif-=
ficult, and fubjeft to more obfervations. And there-
fore^ if any om lias a mind .to render himfelf perfe^
in thefe things,iie iiiiift not only ibMow our method,
that dire^s Mm torthe trueto^/^i^^ of them, but th
dilates o£hk own fenfes :aMb;. iby which he Will avoid

^^^obfmcles^nbsp;with -by tiie way. Not»

willing to,uS.ergo;ato:ithe-t^^

dical Cure, and withal^pt to^think,.that/kie does theiii

D 2nbsp;119

Agnbsp;The Oferator fw ihe\'TeeiE

no good at all, unleis he gives them eafe prefently;
I have been forced to abandon the Art in my pradice^
and to invent certain general Remedies; which never-
thelefs applying wkh circumfpeWon^ Rud as I tliink oc-
cafion requires, hardly ever fail of producing the in-
tended effe^!:: fometimes in an inftant, but moft com-
monly within lefe than half an hour. True it is, that
were it not for my former practice, and long habit in
thofe things, I neither cou\'d have, nor exped: lo good
a. fuccels.

And yet I will not deny, but that the faid remedies
happen fomttimeamp; to operate a great deal flower than
ordinary. But that comes to pafs by reafon of Ibme
unexpeded, or unobferv\'d accidents: and I think it
oughtto fufamp;e, that the Cure be at laft performed.
I\'et tliis does not fatisfy every body. If the Re-
medy does not immediately Cure fuch as are/w-
patient or incapable of reafoning, they ftrait condemn
it as a thing inef!ed:ual, and; altogether void of any
Virtue.. Upon which, believing the Stories of Ibme
impertinent (tho perhaps well affedioncd) friend,
they make ufe of fuch things^ as commonly hinder
the eiTed of the Remedy. And if it happens fome-
times that notwithftanding thofe impediirients, our
remedy produces its efe£t; they never fail of attri-
buting the Cure to their own indeavours.

Hov/ever, I muft ingenuoufly confeis, that my Re-^
medies do not take effect always* And that there
are Ibme forts o£ Tooth-ake almoft incurable, unlels
It hQ\':palIiatmfy:jf. m}d that it felf^^not without a great

deal

The Operator for the Teeth.nbsp;ap

deal of trouble, and a tedious while. The reaibns of
whichjl ihall take occafion to explain ibme other time.

1 he looibiefs of the Teeth, comes moft commonly
from the decay of the Gums, which are lubje^l: to
many infirmities, proceeding for the moft part from
thole things that occafion the Tooth-ake, and putrefa-
ftion of the leeth; for ibmetimes there will be iuch
an affluence of blood imm the Teeth into the Gums,
that their veins being not able to contain it,are there^
upon broken; fhedding the blood between the Gums
and the Teeth: where gathering together, it corruptsj
rotting away all the fleih from about the Teeth: other-
whiles the excrementitious humour, that exfudates out
of the Teeth, falling upon the Gums, eats them, away
by degrees, fyc. But above all other things, the icales^,
and foulneis of the Teeth are very prejudicial to them.
All which infirmities to avoid, you need but to keep
your Teeth and Gums neat and clean from any foul-
neis whatlbever; as has been already laid in the fore-
going Sections: preventing any preternatural colle-
amp;ion of Bloody or any other humours within the Gums,
But if the miichief is already done, that is, if your
Teeth be really loole, and yowe Gums wafted, you muft
have recourfe for their recovery to one well veried
in thoie things. For to prefcribe you here any form
of Remedies, would be to no purpole, fince the lame
thing cannot be equally good in all caies^ and that
without the perfelt;5i: knowledge of the caufe of the
Bifeafe, and a right method in applying luitable Me-
dicamentSj (which commonly is underftood only by

p -3

^nbsp;The Operator for th Teeth,

Praditbners in thofe concerns) it is imposfibie ever to
perform the Cure of any Diftemper.

Yet, that you may not think me remifs in any thing
belonging to my Profesfion, that may concern your
welfare; and by realbn that you may chance to find
your felves in a place where there will be no Artift to
help you; I will here communicate to you a general
Remedy againft the decay of the Gums, and looienefs
of thp Teeth \\ which I am fure, if you ule carefuUy,
will often aniwer your expedations: At leait it will
be fuch, that it fhall always do you fpme good, and
never any harm. But I mull: tell you before-hand,that
if your body be Scorhutick, and fuU of ill humours, you
i^uft firft be Bloodedy^ndPurgd, according to the di-
regions of a good Fhyjitian: and then you may ufe the
faid Remedy as followeth.

Take of Maflkk, Mjrrh^ Pine-Apple, DragonsMood,m
drops, all reduced into Powder, of each equal quan-
tity, red Cor^/ prepared, flowers of Pomgranats, of each
double the quantity of the other Ingredients; and fteep
them all in a proportionable quantity of
Upon warm Embers^ for the fpace of a natural day ;
imi thsn filtrate the Infujion thxou^x ^ woollen-cloth,
and keep it clofe in fome convenient vaffel. And when
you have a mind to ufe it, you ihall take twoor three
Ipoonfuls on t a day, keeping it in your mouth a quar-
ter of an hour every time: which you muft continue
td do while neceffity fliall require iti _ . ,nbsp;-

■ I might have told you at the beginning of this Se-
dion^ where I.fpoke of the veffels ofthe Teetb^that

their

The Operdtor for the Teeth.nbsp;31quot;

their Artery comes from the Carotids\', the vein from
the jugular, and the fmew from the fifth |gt;air of
Nerves : but if you are skilled in Anatomy, you know-
it as well as I, and if not, my telling of it to you
would fignify nothing at all, unlefs I ihould in the
fame time, give you an accurate defcription of all
thofe veffels; tracing them from theirnbsp;even to

the very laft of their Divifions,and furtheft extremi-^
ties; which would be improper in this place.

SECT. VI.

Of Childrens Teeth

t

Aving hitherto fpoken of the Teeth in reference
^ ^ to adult perfons, and iuch as are paft childhood:
we lliall explain in this Sedion, as iuccinffly, and
withal as clearly as we can, what is neceffary to be
known touching their growth, and: changc in chil-
dren ; a thing of no fmall conlequence, fince the li:B
of Infants is therein fo often concerned.

The Child being born j remains Tbo^^Z^, till he is
about five or fix Months old : at which time his two
foremoft Teeth in each Jaw begin to appear, without
keeping anyconftantorder of Precedence : foin^times
thofe above coming out firft, and fometimes thofe-be-
low» After them follow all the reft fuccesfively in\'
both Mandibles: lb next to thele come the four other
Incifires^ the four Canin or Dog-Teeth, and the firft eight
Molares, (which are properly the double Tfff^) and
then come the four biggeft Teeth of all, which may be\'

bnbsp;called.

3 ^nbsp;The Operator for the Teeth.

called Quadruple Teeth, as being about three times big-
ger than the fmall ones : and after that the eight laft
Teeth do follow ; which in relpeà: to the Incifores may
be termed treble Teeth. But thefe treble ones ufually
vary very much intime of growth, for it is but rare-
ly that they all come forth in the fame year, the
four Ml: of them feldom coming out before the one
or two and twentieth year of our age; for which
reafon fuch Teeth are called by fome. Teeth of Wifdom;
becaufe that by that time, we fhould have a full ule
of our rational Faculty, though God knows how often
it proves to be true.

The eight Incifores, and the four Bog-Teeth come
the firft year ; the eight double Teeth th.Q fécond year;
and the four Quadruples, with the four firft Tr^\'Z\'/e ones,
the third. During the time of their eruption, and
elpecially when the four Quadruple oms break forth
out of their Sockets, children are fubjed to Fevers,
and great alterations, which weakens them extreme-
ly, and often puts an end to their days ; which comes
to pals moft commonly, for want of help to facilitate
their iffue out ©f the Gums.

And as I look upon the knowledge of Gliildrens
Teeth, as a fubjeâ: properly belonging to my Profel-
iîon ib I think m.3/ lèlf oblig e! to amend, amplifie,
and render it as conducive to the prefervation of the ■
life, and health of Gliiidren, and to the preventing of
all\' thoie Infirmities wherewith they are affiidred,
(upon\'the account of the firft_ coming, and fliedding
of thek Teeth) ^as-my weak iodeavoars- can make it.

Ani

TheOpératmfor%e%eth,nbsp;^

And therefore I will to that end deliver here in few
words, what reafon and experience have taught me

Goncermng the fame; Proceeding thus ^

In the Hrft place, 1 would advife iiich as may be
concerrei m this Affair, to take a fpecial care in ob^
le^i^wh^ the Child s Teeth begin to trouble him-
wüich(bèüdes his frowardnefs, and exceifive crying)

may be known by his/^fefio« ot drivelling fas Nur^

fes are wont to ftile it,) and the inflammatioii and
iwelüng ot his Gums; and as foon as you perceive it
to be lo, you are to waflihis mouth now and then
with the lollowing mixture: T^^d-feven or eight
new Figs as you can get, and boyl them in a pint ot
movQ ofWhey^ till they grow very foft, and tliea
^ueexe the Whey , and as much of the fubftance of the
i^igs^s you can through a cloth; of which liquor td^e
half ajpint; of Honey of Roles, and Syrup of Violets,;
ot each half an ounce; and three or four fpoonfuS
ot riantam-watey mix all together, and keep it clofe
ill a Bottel. 1 hé beft way to ule it, is with a ftiek of
Liquoriih beaten at one end into fmaU threads like a
Comb-hriilli or little Broom^ with which, being dipt

tïnbsp;laid Liquor, you lhall waih an\'S rub

the ChildsGums, (efpecially where they are tumified)
at lealt hve or fix times a day, continuing lb to do, till
^u perc^ve the Gums to grow white above the
Uotb: (which is a ügn of great pain in that part, and
that the young Tooth ^Ym in a little time break
^rou^ the Gums) and then take Lancet, or a very
Iharp Pen^knife.mié divide the whiie piace^ cutting it

i—A

^nbsp;The Gperatamp;r pr the Teeth.

down to tlie head of the lubjacent Tooth, with two
Incifions croiling,one another at theeentre of the whte
fpot, continuing to ufe the mixture as is aforefaid, ,
till the Tootf» appear above the Gums; oblerving to
ufe the Ême method at the coming out of every Jo^
which you may know by the foregoing tokens.
. NowtheT^é\'ifèbeingaKe^

asremain ktent within the Jnbsp;the two

and twentieth year of ones,.age); they keep-firm and ...
firong till the child is a matter of fix or leven years
old, and then moft of them grow loofe^ and a while
after are caft clear out. The trehkTeeth never change, .
the\'m^tfr^i^^Ivery ra^nbsp;hclfor^s,t:heDog^ •.

T;?éf^ndthedout^nbsp;do^amp;metimes whole^

(and tiim thQ fécond Teeth, or thoie that are to fucceed
them,are along time befôre they grow up again;) but
moft commonly their liead only comes ofï^ the: other
part remaining ftill for the making up of the next
Tooth; like unto the firft produdion of a V^etable
Seed, or. tendàr Sprig.ofa young ElaHtt^; .^fbr^as the. up- ■
per part of this being wkhered in thenbsp;follow-

ing, by the rigorous cold of that Seaibn, drops off in
the next Spring:: (by .reafon that its. texture being yet..
loole,and lefs firm, the pores \'or lap carrying velTels,,.
are over much dilated,by, the great affluence. .-of^thÊ^:^
mtritm juice, and lb give admittance m fome iMige-. -
fted midf groEcr .particles than is convenient .for. the
îiQiïrilhmmt of .the Vegetable: : .which partkhyhmi^
r, and.unaâive, their, lîîotion is Toon quot;

les.aiittlev
the

The Operator for\'tM^
dié youog Plant round about, fo that they are con^
geal\'d, and become fixt in their Damp;\'^i, or leading pipes,
wliereby that part being deprived of its due nourifh-\'
ment, fades away, and dries up,) and is fucceeded by.
a new Sprout fhooting out of the ftump^ or remaiti-^
.ing part. So likewife.the young Teeth coming into the
cold air^ when they are yet tender,and lefs foiid: thole
of them that are more iufeptible ©f alteratioii,.anA
inoreexpolèd to the inclmiency of the weather ; .(as:
muß: be thole before, which by .realbn of their feial-«.
■iiefs and Htuation, cannot but be more\'llibjed: to ai^

are lha\'eby chilfd and reprelled,
and their parè ti^ufi ne^ one an@ther^ and driven
back towardsxheir centreyfrom whence the fubfiance
oftheTooth becoming cloier,and the intervals between
its parts narrower^ and interrupted in leveral plac^,
by the irregular motion of Ibme ofthe minuteii:
thofe parts, (which by reafon of their unil:ablene%.
and fluxibility, being dil^ftd .to advance and obey
the adion of external %ejits m^re than the others,
do move diforderiy,and Ipoil theftru^ure of the reft:)
the Imall Veins and Arteries therein dilperlM, will
become fo extremely compreffed, that the bloud they
-contain (whick^in^GhiMreïi: .is;: ni^nbsp;^^

and impure, as is apparent by their ft:upidity, anii fii^
thy fcabs; as.we:iias..by thïlfFeverifn-difpoiition thföy
arc always inclined to; wiiich argues a great
::rity betweenthe parts of tlieir bloud,) isthej
m Its courfe, .aad;.detained\'.in them ;:where

nefs of its parts^ and their incumbring figures vjiE

TBe Operator for the Teeth .
loon dilpofe them to reft, and remain intangled and^
coagulated together.

If you chanœ to refielt;5l: upon what l iiiy, when X\'
afcribe the great agitation of Childrens Bîôud, and its
being quiet and fixt in their Teeth, to the ikme cau^e,
•z/iz. its foulneis, and the incongruity of its parts ; you
will perhaps be as aiigry with me, as the Satyr was a-
gainft the Traveller of the FÄj,för his blowing hot
^d cold with the lame breath.. But if you conilder
it a little more attentively, you ihall fiiid that this, as:
well as the Màuipokgue, may cafsly be reconciled with
Realbn..

Furthermore, the Bloud coming from the live part
o£the. Tooth,f to €nter the other ; kndrbeing hindred;
tfereof by ttenarrownels ofthe ^affiges, andÄCTe--
liftance of the condenfed bloud^ is upon that neceffa-.
rily determined to imploy the force of its iliotidn
round about, againft the parts lying inimediately be-
tween the dead portion of the Tooth, and that which
is alive; the which it confequently loolens by degrees,,
andat iaft breaks them all alun ; lèparating thus
the live body of the Tooth quite from its dead head;
and the fpace left between them permitting the trunk
tQ grpw, it .lhoots a new head ; wliich riling above the
GumSj thrufts out the old one, becoming^ a perfect\'
Tooth in its room.nbsp;\'

But if vin the mean while,- through the too great
adherence, of the dead partto the Gums, the other is
îfcpreffed, or retarded from growing, and by confe-.
qwenee^isdetained und^r theformer too löng) ibme
•nbsp;■■ ^^ ^^ \' of

The Operator forthe Teeth:
of the broken particles remaining between them, wilfc
corrode, and eat holes in the new head of theToothJ-
and fo it comes out already perifhed : which to pre^^
vent,the firft Teeth muft be drawn out as foon as they
appear any thing loofe.

Moreover, it happens fometimes, that the new\'

Head of the Tooth is nourifhed, and increafes lb faft;^
that being obftruded by the too great connexion o|
theold one,to the adjacent parts, from advancing-in
its right courfe; it turns afide, and makes its way;
through either the infide, or outfide of the Gums ^ andr
lb it grows biaffing, and out of rank. This defea
remedied by drawing out the fuperfiuous Tooth, andi
the ule of fome convenient means to brii^ tiie newt
Tooth\' into its place; which is very eafy to do, ifur^
dertal^en at firft, but otherwife a great deal more dif-r
ficult - and efpecially if the two next Teeth are gf^j
proached lb near one another, that it cannot be Con-
tained between them, without being leffened, or tile^
others put further off from each other.nbsp;^

Note^ That ill:drawing out the old, or fucking Tpoth^.
a great care is to be taken not to hurt the new one, ,
lying under it..nbsp;-

^nbsp;CT: VIL ,

Of ihe Acceleration of the Teeth.

THe five firft of the foregoing Se^ions have been
imploy\'d about mens Teeth, and the fixth about
tiiole of Children : but this levcnth and laft Seaion

Xnbsp;- of.

^nbsp;\' The Operdtor fir the \'Téetb.

oür Biicourfc iliall relped botk mén and diildreh;
Jfejt will not only ;teach how t© haften the growth
of Ghildrens fecond Teeth, when it happens to be de-

long/; bntalfe how to Accelerate
the coming out of thofe in Men, that are called Teeth
M Wildom. Which laft, without the help of Alt,
lairdly ever appear before almoft half of our life is al-
^ady paft away; And when the time of our growth
o^^: during which, we have the greateft occafion
for them. But becaufe the bare faying or afferting of
^ny thing without proofs, or fome reafons to render
kï ptbbable, has no force to perfwade any man of
iisitruth, nor to mal^ him fenfible of what utility it
is\' We will elucidate the matter in hand, by an ex-
ample drawn from the motion of Seeds fown in the
Örth; Now tlie quick or flow germinating of Seeds
jafter they teve been fown, depends upon their being
Ibut^d fliallow, or deep in the ground; the lightfom-
il^efe or heavinels of the Earth, and its good or ill ma-
nui\'ing, and the proportion of humidity th^t dilutes it/
^s w^l as the heat or cotdneis of the feafon: the fe-
véi^l pi^portions of either of which accidents, alter
and vary the progrefs of the Seed, according to their
prevaiency in relped of each other.

For in a well prepar\'d Soil, being elieriflied by the
warmth of thè Sun, and duly ^/i/^^f^i with water, the
Seed will bucid a great deal fooner; the ligixtfome
Earth ealily-yieldiiig to the exfanjion of the Semen^whi^n
^ ■imbikes:nbsp;.jVsrt^^nbsp;Tranfiolatmg^

tlm]aighthe.:co?Ets of the Seed, .and impregnating its\'

Paren-

The Operator for îhi
Farenehjimay cdMÎQS by its-fermentation themmy a gëîitfê
fhal^, and a vitalmotionin the Radicle, mid F ium^^
the .Learned Doctor Orew colh the Semmai\'Rooty^Éâ
Trunck o£aPlant innbsp;whereby they are impow^-^

red to Extricate themfelves aut of their Integumentsy.
and Farenchyma and begin to î^fgf^^^f, and grow-liMë-
a.Piant., \'nbsp;■ \' \' . ; ::

■■ Bnt^ .the Seed being buried\' deep in-à ■cold, ^ efogg^\'v\'
earthv-will^\'by the^^ftubborn Cohe/mni-anà lumpiilnefi-^.
of the laid earMi, be kept from dilating it ielf^and \'coïh^
lequently; from^ireeeiring thole particles that^ are
get her. necellary for its vivifying, and augmentàâéàh
From wbence it fbllbws,,:that its.:growth {àf^nc^-bël^:
ped by Art) will be check\'d^ ^ and\'obftruded-till-
heat of the Sun has opened the ground^ ànd amp;it^
particles in fuch- motion as\' they ought to- be^;, t^-enfé^quot;
the Seed, andthe earth upwards.nbsp;- -

So likewife Gliildrens Gums^.beingyet.tendér, flial-5-
low, and loole, and withal prepared, as we have taught\'
heretofore- in its. place, their firft- Teeth come out,^
grow-very eailly ; as alfo-do-their fécond, if in
ding of-the-, firft, their ■ heads^ only come off; fc
others do:grow up lb:foon, that the-Gums have hard--
ly any time, to dole up again.-:- But if the fucking--
Teeth do ibed Toot-Md all, the matter out-of which \'
the next:(which I call Novel-Teeth) are tO|be made,
will not only\'be- a confiderable time^-in\' dMpofingit^
felf into the requifite. form, but when the firft linea-.-
ments-are drav/n^ --and Nature has accompli0ied Her\'
firft- work, the Gums -wilibe \'re-united toget^r, andquot;

grown

E-i^

^nbsp;The Operator for the Teeth.

SZfr fnbsp;time, that their refiftance will

ppfe It ielf to thenbsp;of theiè Teeth, till a m-on-

g^urifliment produces more and hotted Bloud ,°nd
^.gi^ater quantity oi Animal Spirits ■, hv which tl^e
benig-made hotter, and more fpui^ and £
M« juice,mcreafed,the iflueof the

thm befacdtated, and their growth perfefted.

v^ Xotae confideration of theiè AWm^tó, may part-
ly fee referred that of the laft treil^ ones or tóf

It\'s true, theiè are ftay\'d a great dAtnt
ffider the^Gums than the othL; btt alfo they hfve
tSeS\'^quot;\' mipede their growth. For, Ks
the,; Ïf.nbsp;\'»^quot;\'bravous about

more

dithcult tojenetrate: That part ofthe Jaw-bone that

cont^ns them, islikewilè much thiclL, anTw

ger than any other; and conlèquently, h^rS to be

dmded by the included Teeth; which being LZ

pable of making their way through it, are fwcS to

|ay therein till fuch time\'that Nature LSl peS

ieded our growth, the bkudbecotncs hotter, ftronSr

and Its energy more powrful by the firmnefi of the
Heart, r wh ch k fh^ „^^„.L quot;\'cisor ttie

paroles that wereVont ^o S^b^d ^^
and augmenting the body; moft of whkh rSaS
then in the mals of the whereby Eaid S
t^eingable tolimnount the refinance of - e law and
Gums, forces the laid Teeth to came out rf tamp;is
and gi\'ow up.

To

quot;The Operator for the Teeth,nbsp;4 f

To the efficacy of this new ftrength of the Bloud
upon the arrival of Nature to its higheft Period, may
be attributed the caufes of thole alterations that ufu-
ally happen in mens bodies about that time: many
looking pale, and being troubled with divers infirmi-
ties till then, of which they are afterwards delivered
But leaving off Digreffions, let us return to our Sub-
jed:.

We have already oblerved, that the Novel-Teeth in
Children, and Dentes Sapientilt;£ in Men, cou d not ar-
rive to their perfeffion, nor therefore become ler~
viceable to us without a loUg time, and a great Effmt
of Nature. It remains npw, that (purluant to our
defign, as we have declar\'d it at the beginning of this
Sedion) we indeavor to find out fome means, where-
\' by we may remedy thole defeats; in facilitating Na-
ture\'s work, and rendring thofe tardy Teeth above-
mentioned, lerviceable to us as foon as we can. And
as I find none more proper and expeditious, than
the RarifaB:ion, and Dilatation of the Gums, fo that they
may lole their greatefl: f1:ubbornnefs,and become more
yielding to the Teeth : I conclude that all the difficult
ty lies in knowing liow fuch an effea can be produ-
ced : which (after a due confideration) I think may
be performed after this manner.

In the firft place^ there is need of an Inftrument
made of Gold, or Silver, about a foot long, as big as
a Tobacco-pipe, and like a Syringe-, being fo bored, that
\'a perfettiy Cilmdncal embolus, or llicker, may fill ex-
actly nine inches of itsCavitj^thQ reft being made a good

Fnbsp;^nbsp;deal

ij.2nbsp;The Operator for the Teethe

deal fmalier, and bow\'d like the Blowing-pipe of
Watch-makers wdiidi ought to end into an head re^
fembling the cup of an Acorn ; and lb contriv\'d, that
it may imbrace the Gums exadly. Your Injirument
being ready, if you have a mind to perform the Ope-^
ration, you muft in the next place (concerning tlie
Dentes Sapient!a) tie all the Teeth together, (which may
be done without any trouble) lb that the two fore-
moft of them may draw the laft of ail towards the
fore-part of the mouth. By this, the included Teeth
will be freed from being comprejfed between the others,
and the extremity of the Jaw-bone. And then the
Gums being prepar\'d by Emollients, ^nd relaxing things,
apply the end of your Syringe clofe upon the Gums,
under which the imperfed: Iboth lies; and then draw
the EmUlus, and the top of the Gums will follow,and
rife within the little Acorn-cup-hke end of the Pipe,,
as the fleili iillially doth under Cupping-Glafies. Keep
it a while fo, and then take away the Syringe, and fia-^
rifie that part of tiie Gums that was drav^n within the
Pipe, in lèverai places ; reiterating the fame Operation
twice a day, for about a fortnight, omitting only the-
Scarification, which is to be ufed the firft time only.
By this means it appears probable to me, that tiie^
Gums yielding, the larce of the Blood will cmnpel the-
fibres or minute parts of the imperfe-ft Tooth,to- advance
according to their natural order, and fituation and.
lb caulè the laid Tootii to grow.. .

As. to the Novel-Xeeth, you lhall. follow the fame-
method,. a.nd life the fame meafiS in facilitating their

coming

The Operator for the Teeth.nbsp;\'

coming out, that you have done to the others ; omit-
ting only the tying of the Teeth, which would be
pjperfluous here.

Note, that every thing is not capable of the fame
perfedion, and that as there is no rule witiiout Ibme
exception ; fo when I have alTerted fuch and fuch
things to be improvable to fuch a degree, it is to be
underftood for the moft part, and in general; not
denyingbut that it may happen otherwile in Ibme
particular cafes: but I ihaU always deal candidly
with every body, never undertaking any thing but
what I fhall be able to do according to agreement.
And if any one will be pleafed to come to my Cham-
ber, he may have my Advice (concerning any thing
that belongs to my Profeffion) gratis at any time.

2nbsp;Advertife-

Ynbsp;The Operator fir the Teethe

AD VE RT I S E. M E NT

* X

(GENTLEMEN-,

ALthough I have offered nothing in this Faper^ hut what
is according to my own Experience, and the befi of mylt;
knorpLedge yet I mU not fay bui that I have been deficient
in. many things, and have committed a great many. Errors itl
the management of my SubjeH: but if you confider that I am
the firfi (as far as T know) that ever wrote any thing of this
nature \\ and withal, what is to be expe^ed from one in my
Circumfiames, I hope you will he the more ready to excufe my.
faults.. However, if what I have done he acceptable to you-,
I intend in a fecond Imprejfion of this fmallTreatife, to Correéf,
XUuff rate, and augment it, to its full proportion. In the mean
w^ile I would advife you, to. make ufe of what is here pre-
fented you, ly,

four very Humble Servant,
CHARLES ALLER

Printed in the Year

A

DIfcourfe

WHEREIN
The Reafons of the Beating of the P U L S E^

■ or Puliation of the Arteries y Together with thofe of
the Circulation of the Bloud, are Mechanically Ex-^
plairid i Which wa y never done before,.

He Beating ofthe ?ulfe being one of thofe
f nornena^ that deferve mans confideration the
befl:, it has excited the mofl Learned in all Ages to
learch out what might be the caufe of it.

The belt Thyfitians and greatefl: Philofophers of former
times, being ignorant of the Circulation of the Bloud^,
did afcribe it to their occult qualities, and unknown,
powers.

Galen, an Eminentnbsp;fearching the natural

caule of the Beating of the Pulfe^ thought upon the
making of tiiat famous Experiment of his; by which,
having put a guill into an Artery, and tied th.Q: Artery
upon it, he found that the laid Artery, cealed from
beating betwixt the ligature and the extremity, tho
it continued fi:ill beating betwixt the fame ligature
and the heart: And then feeing alfb^ t\\m.t.t\\xQ. Artery.

r J

A Thyfical Difcourfe concerning

eiiig untied from about the guill, the Fulfe would
mmediately pals beyond the place where the liga-
ure had been made^ and beat all along the Artery;
Itho the capacity of the guill remained ftill the fame,
le concluded, that the Fulfe was cauied by a Fuljifick
acuity refiding in the coats of the Artery.

GaJJenclus, a Modern and moft Learned Philolbpher,
1 ttributed the faid effea:,to thcFulfifick Faculty of the
heart; which, in his opinion, communicates it felf to
the Arteries. Both which opinions (altho propos\'d by
extraordinary men, yet) are fo inconfiderable, that
they need no refutation.

The moft Learned and moft Profound Cartejius was
of opinion, that the Beating of the Fulfe proceeded from
the motion of the Bloud, which coming out of the left
Ventricle of the Heart into the^or^^, in a tumultuous
manner,extends it felf forcibly, and thereby drives all
the mafs of the Bloud,from the heart to the heart a-
gain, according to the Circulation of the Bloud. After
which this great Man (who would always give natii-
i-al and intelligible reaibns for every thing, as he has
done for moft;) coming (at the inftigation of a
Fhyfitian of Louvaine) to examine Galen s Experiment,he
attributed the ceffation. of the Fulfe, that happens be-
low the ligature, to the narrownefs of thepaffage of
the Bloud through the Quill\', which Bloud, according -
to the principles of the Philoiopher, coming out of
the laid giiill into a wider Ipace, cannot commiini-
cateits adion to the fides of the Artery ^ but is diipofed
to imploy the force of its motion forwards, according
to the leiigtli of the Artery.

7\'ke Beating of the Fulfe.nbsp;47

But the laid Phj/itian alledgiiig againft this, that if
one takes an Artery without ^lill, or any Inqfion, and
ties its fides lb dole.together, that there be left a far
fmaller pafTage for the Bloud in that place, than in
the guill; the Artery w^iil nevertlielels continue fiill
to Beat on both fides of the ligature,^ as it did before:
(the contrary of which wouVl neceflarily follow, if it
\' w^ere fo, that the ftraitnels of the paffage of the Blond
did occafion the lols of the Puife) Cartefius -was here
fjjxed to recede fomewhat from his former Sentiment,
and to conlels, that the motion of the Arteri£s depends
partly upon the free continuation .of their caats;which
totally overthrows his opinion. For^ let the power of
tiie laid continuation be what it willliippofing, as
the Philofopher did, thaX its a61:ion may be .ftopt by
the compreffion of the fides of the Artery: It is certain,
that altho- the guill in the Artery were of equal, or, if
yoa will, greater capacity than the Arteryyet if the
laid A^rtery were tied upan it, the Fulfe would, notwith-
i1:anding all that, ceale below the ligature. But- Car-
tefius laid., that fuch a guili as timt we were fpeak«-
ing of juft now, being in an Artery either tied, or un-
tied ; wou\'d never hinder any part of the Artery from
Beating : And therefore, q^/c.

Doftor Lower fays, after many Dilquifitions on this
Subjedquot;,, that the knowledge of thofe things was left
to God alone.

Doctor VViUis alcribes the Beating of the Pulfe to the
contra£l:,ion of the circular Fibres of the mufcular coat of
the Artery : But it is ablurd to think fo; for its im.pof-:.

.........■nbsp;fible

The Beating ofthe Pulfe.

iible to imagine that thofe Fibres con\'d contra^: them-
felves of their own accord; neither does the Dodor
■ give any reafon for what he fays. Befides, he\'s incon-
liflent with himfelf, when he \'afcribes the fame mo-
tions to the circular Fibres of the mufcular coat ofthe
veins; which are notwithftanding wholly defiiitutc
of any Pulfation^ fyc-..

All which confidering, and how thefe and other
great men had (through the difficulty of the thin^,
and BDt out of any infufficiency in them) fallen into
So grofs and fo erroneous opinions concerning the
Point in gueftion; I concluded, that it was as good as
imposfibie ever to folve the difficulty. Yet, recolie-
aing my felf, and feeing that the faid Effed muR
have a caule, whatever it be, which probably cannot
refide any where elfe, but either in the Heart, Bloud,
or coats of the Artery, or finally, in them all together,
I made a refolution to examine carefully each one of
thefe things feparately, as posfibly containing alone
the caufe fought after ; and then all together, as be-
ing posfibly Coadjutors in the produ^ion ofthe known
Effed:. And after as exad: an Inquiiy into the matter
as I am capable of, my Reafons (which wou\'d be too
tedious to tell you now) perfwade me, that all the
Myftery confifts in the three following things.

The FkH is, tiie Stru(5l:are of the Artery; which is
made up of four Coats. (We fliall examine in another
place how they are generated at firfl) The firft of
them, which contains the Bloud immediately, leems
to be nervous, and made of ftrait Fibres-^ which take

their

The Beating opthe Fuîfe.

their Origine from the heart ; or rather are a continu-
ation of thoie that immediately inveil: the cavity of
the heart. As foon as they are arrived at the orifice of
the heartjthey rank themlèlvesby one anotlier^form-.
ing a certain Cartilagineous Ring ; from the circum-
ference of which, they run almoil parallel along the
Artery ; hut yet with fuch an inclination towards one
another, that going from the heart to the extreme
parts, they form a kind of Cone ; (for that we may
render our Diicourle more intelligible ; we fhall con-
fider here one of the trunks of the great Artery, {fwp-
pole the afcending one,) as a continued right Çonical
Pipe, abftrading from all its divifions and branches ;
to every one of which may eafily be apply\'d, what we
are going to fay of one of them,) a little below the
J/\'f\'^r of which, thofe Fibres unite themfelves together;
and do compole a little tendinous ring, called Anaftomo^
fis : to which is affix\'d the extremity of the vena cava :
which vein we fhall fuppoie here to be afingle coni-
cal channel, or pipe, difpofed, as we have taken the
Artery to h^. Within this Anafiomofis there is a little
Valve fo difpos\'d, that it permits the bloud to pafs from
the Artery into the vein, but hinders it from returning
badv again from the vein into the Artery. Between
every one g£ th^ih mrvous Fibres, there is a thin mem-
hrane that joyns them together;(as the skin in a Goofe\'s-
foot ties its toes to one another,) which permits tlie
faid Fibres to open, and go further from one another^
when the Artery is dUated : And which do continually
increale in bredth, as they go from the Anaftomofis to

G

^Onbsp;J FBjfical B\'tfimfi Concefning

the bafis of tht Artery: fo that they become lo confpi-
Guous near the heart, that Dodor WHlis took them for
fome large fleiby Fibresto which he asfign\'d the fa-
culty of iliortning the Artery^ in order to promote the
circulation of the Bloud. The lecond coat is the Muf
the thii\'dnbsp;but the confidera-

tion of thefe middle coats, being not neceffary to our
prefent purpole, we {hall ipeak of them another tune.
As to the fourth, or outmoft Coat, it is that which we
have moft need to take notice of here; as being the
principal Inftrument of the Syftole and Biaftole of the
Artery. This Coat is made up of two orders,or ranks of
fpwal Fibres\', which proceed from tht ohlique Fibres of
the heart; from whence they go twitting and wind-
ing themielves about the body of the Artery, as Ivy does
about Trees; fome running upon it from the left to
the right, and the others from the right to the
left; Werfeaing thus one another obliquely,^
they go froin the heart to the anaftomafisi whereby
tiT!€!y form a ibrtof Met, or Sieve-like-wopf upon th^
outfide of the Artery. At their coming out of the hearty
they are knitted together by a cartikgineousfah^\'mcQy
thatincompaffes the rootof the Artery round about,
as an iron-ring does^ tiie end of a handle : from tlie
circumference of wliich cartihgimous Ring, they run

The Bedtmg\'-amp;f the Tu^. \'.nbsp;t

where they interfedi one another, that they tmf mn
very eafily to and fro upon the artery.

The fécond thing conducive to the produftion of
thole ftated tarns of SyftoMs and Dkftoie\'s of the drtery^
is, that the bloud contains a certain fubdl matterj or
vital fpirit, which can move it felf, and pals between
its parts very eafily. And in fine, that the bloud
comingoutof the heart (where it acquires an ex-
treme agitation) into the arteria magna, expands it felf
with great violence, mid ftrongly dilates that part of
the faid artery that lies contiguous to the heart, (forcing
iû the fame time the bloud to advance from: the heart
towards the extremity,) whereby the fpiral Fibres be-
ing neceffarily drawn towards the dilating place, do

matter,
bleudj into that which is not ;

■ G a ..

5 ^nbsp;A fhyficdl Dtfeourfi Concerning ^

the^exflicatiok

m/nbsp;already fuppofed the Jff^rj to be of a-

y \\ right Conical fignre;-. let us further, for greater
evidence, imagine it to be mentally divided into four
Çcrts o£equal capacity: fo that as. much as the jSrft
ihall exceed the fécond in bredth, the fécond will ex-
ceed the firft in length, Let befides, the places of
the luppos\'d divifioiis be marked with feveral letters
as A, B, C,,and let A, denote the firft divifion; (proceed-
ing from the heart to the extremity;) B, the fécond*
and C, the third r let us alfo mark the Bajis of thl
Cylindrical artery^ which is inferted into the bafis of the
heart, by X; and its capillary end inlerted into the cir-^

thQ\'aimular anapmoJis,hY Y^

And now, fuppofe that a certain portion of bloud
as a dram for example, palfes out of the heart inta
the aorta, where it fwells, and dilates it felf very con-
Ûderably^ (by reafoB of a very intenfe degree of heat
It acquires in the ventricles of the heart; and of its
being mixed therein with a certain leaven, or fer-
mntative- jok^, (it being the refidue of thatf ortion c£
bloud, that had paft immediately before through the
heart,) which .aecefïarily cauiès a great commotion,
end ftrife amongft its parts;) it muft follow according-
to. true philolophy, that the laid portion of bloud
coming out of the heart, does in the Ikme time thruft
Ëhe blond already in the artery, fbrwards, and dilates
taat-partof the ctrtery tlmt lies contiguous to the heart.

It

The Beating of the^^

It thrufts the bloud, I lay, towards the extremity; be-
caule that it muft occupy a fpace in the artery equal to
its natural bulk,neither greater nor fmaller; by realbn
that a like quantity of the bloud to that, that comes
out of the heart into the artery, is poured out of the
vein into the heart; lb that there is only room left
in the vein to admit juft as much bloud, as comes oat
of the heart at each D/^ïïfo/é\'. And if we fuppoie the
fpace X A,to contain a dram of bloud,(whet he r more,,
or lefs, makes no matter here) as we have alio iup^
poied, that the fame quantity conies out of the heart
at every Diafiole, (or Syftole, as lomé.would have it) it
is an invincible truthf that this bloud coming out of
the heart, muft exadly occupy the fpace X A; and
that therefore, it thrufts in the fame time, the bloud
that occupied it before, into the fpace A B; that in
A B, into the fpace B C; that in tiie fpace B C, into the
fpace C Y; and that in C Y, into the capillary end of tiie
vein, fy-c. And altho (according to our Hypothefis) the
paffage from the artery into the vein be much fmaller,
tiian that of the heart into the artery}, yet if the mo-
tion of the bloud through the anajiomofis, is to the mo-
tion of tiie bloud at t\\\\Q orifice of the heart, as the ori-
fice of the heart is to the anafi omofisy that is, as X is to Y^
:(as it may eafily be fo, altho it. is naturally otherwife:
the reft of the anajhmofes, from which we have abftra-
d:ed here, being together at leaft. as capacious, as the
orifice of the heart,) it is plain, that a dram of blond.
will as foon pafs from tliQ artery into Üit Ycln^/dsiino^ ■
■■ther ihail from tlie heart into,the artery^.

k

4nbsp;^ FhjJïcdî Difcoùrfi -mcernhg

And as the Moud coming out of the heart into the
great artery, cannot posfibly occupy a greater ipace,
thanfech as is adequate to its volume in a condenied
fl:ate; and that nevcrthelefs it dilates it lèlf,it muft ne-
ceffarily extend and dilate X A, the part ofthe artery
thatcontains it, as mucii beyond its natural tone, or
reach, as t^ rarefadion of the bloud increales its vo^
lume ; which cannot come to pais,but theie two things
muft neceffariîy follow. Firft, that when the bloud
dilates it lèlf, it leaves fome intervals between its
parts ; w hich intervals (becauie there is no vacmm in
nature) muft in tlie iàme time be filled up with fome
other fluid matter : (which ought to he thinner than
the bloud; for otherwife it cou\'d not pais between
its parts.) And as this fubtil matter can\'t come from
the heart, becaufe that then it\'s empty ; and that be«
fides its oryiœ^n \'amp;m clofe by its three mlvesiÀtQ^n
neither come through the coatsof the ^^rf^ryj by .realbti
^f their thicknefs, and dole texture; neither is there
■any fuch matter about them. It remains then only,
that it muft cöme from the blond contained in the
artery.

^ , Secondly, Ûmt the fpirai Fibres muft be drawn to-
wards the dilated place, and the reft of the artery made
much iiarrower than- ordinaxTs as X A^ becomes
wider than-it uiks to be,hereby the arteiy being; com«
preiïèd-round about, the vital ll^irit is fqueeied\' from
between the comprelïëd parts of the bloudj and Jbrced
to advance towards the diluted place; in luch man-
aer, that as much of thQ [fpmt^ as m neceffir?. to îill

The Beating of the Fulp,nbsp;; ^

up the ipaces left between the parts\'of the dilated
bloud, is lent thither from between the parts of that,
wliich is comprelTed; the remnant of the fpirit being
equally dillributed through the reft of the artery-^ lb
that if every one of the four parts, or divifiofis of the
artery y contains a certain quantity of vital fpirit,óifïm-
guiilied into three parts, and that three of thole parts,
do pais from AB, iiito X A, two of them will in the
fame inftant paß from B G,|iito Ä B^ and one from C Yv
into B C; in which adiion confilts the ebbing, or fyftole
of the artery. And as a rope, (or more fenfibly, a gut-
ltring)\'whi£h infixed to any place^being puHed with
i jqrk, will da-aw back again hini tliat drew it at
firft; lb Mkew^ife the fpiral Fibres being extended vie--
l^xitly, and onia fudden, upon tliQ diiatation of the ^r^
tery, do come;back \'dgain ififtantaneoußy^ (by realbn thät
fome of the ^rts of each Fibre^ hmng ftrongly tliru=-
fled towards its middle, and Ibmewhat bent from its
circumference towards its centre^ d^ prefently fpriog
back again, extending themfeivesl accordi^ to the
bredth of the ; whereby the laid Fi^e isnecef^-
rily as much ihortned, as it had feeën ftretch\'d before)
andreftitutethemftlv® into tlieir fororierlituation amp;
tme y. (which t^ief, are facilitated -to; do hy the: exte-
nuation of that extraordinary agitation of tiie bloud;:
which it communicates in an i^ant to the yielding

and the two parts, tiiat were already in A B, to pals
into B G; from wlince another will pals into C

which,

Bedfmg of the Fulfe,

•wliidi makes the ftov/iiig, or Biafiole of thè artery.

1 forefee an Objeaion, that fome may m.ake againft
what we have faid, that that portion of the bloud
that comes out of the heart in its Diaftole, is dihted
and yet occupies no more of the artery, than if it were
condenled ; only tiiat part of the artery which con-
,tains It, IS a little more extended than the reft : for
they will fay, this fuppofe, that both the^r/éry and
the vem are always full of bloud; being certain, that
It the bloud, ni coming out of the heart into the great
artery, did find there any empty fpace, where it nu^ht
expand it felf freely, it would ftart forwaris into it
and then it wou\'d not dilate the ^tery, nor by confe-
quence draw the fpiral Fibres therefore there
wou d neither be Syfiole not Biaftok in the artery : But
It IS moft certain, they will continue, that men have
fometimes more, and fometimes lefs bloud in their
bodies: and that if a man has, for example,fifteen oun-
ces of bloud drawn, it will follow; that there beins;
a vacuity m the Sangmduas,ti\\l the fame quantity of
bloud be regenerated a-new, the Beating of the Fulfe
muft alfo ceale till then; which being contradi^ed by

daily experience, they will conclude,that the motion

of the [fir al Fibres^ixh whatever elie we have taught
concerning the Beating of the Fulfe, m altogether chime-
rical. To which I anfwer in few words, that for the
Beating of the Fulfe, and Circulation of the Bloud it
matters not at all^ whether or no, the artery mid vein
be quite full of bloud; fmce that as the bloud decrea-
iès in them, the mufcies of the limbs, and other ad-
jacent\'

. Beating óf the Fidfe, ■

jacent pafts,^dg proportionably com prefs them round
about ; ib tha#-their internal fuperficies touches thé
bloud continually every way ; -which has the lame
effed:, as if the artery znà vein were exaftly full of
bloud: for tlie bloud coming out of the heart, ami
finding as much difficulty in lifting up the adjacent
parts, as to drive on the bloud of the artery and vein^
when they are full on t; it\'s forced to keep the fame
order and method in that cale, as it does in this, con-
cerning its dilatation and place in the^r/^?rj.

Now, thefe beingquot; the true and genuine reaibns of
the Dlafiole, and Syfrde of the arteries, it\'s very çàiV
thereby to explain all thQ Fhenomena relating to Gal?n^
experiment. For the ^ill being put into the \'artery,
and left there without being tied, the will ne-
verthelefs beat ftill above and below the giiill, a3 it
did before; becauiethat the^ir^/rarfj can ftill play
to and fro from pne end of the ^^tery to the other,
Wthout impediment. But i^^
artery upon the guill, the moÜon of the, fkme fiiral
Fibres will be intercepted by the Ugature ; fo that it
muft necelTarily follow, (by the foregoing reaibns,)
that th^ artery being ..not\' .al|:qr0atively^.0)mpre(!edj
and dilated betwixt the .laid ligotée and tbe extremi-
ty, the Fulfe muft alfo ceate in that part of the fiiid
artery, ^c,

may eCdy be explained by this Do-^

therefore become as many proofs of its verity:
as namely^ the difierence which is between the artc^

Hnbsp;fid

çBnbsp;J Phy^cd Difcourfe, ^c,

fid and Tênal blond. For (having demonftrated above^
that when the bloud advances in the great artery from
the heart towards the anafiomojis, and from thence in-
to the vein, the vital fpirit goes in the very fame time
from the anafiomofis towards the heart ; whereby the
faid fpirit is neceffarily kept within the artery,) it is
certain, that this difparity proceeds from the want
of fpirit in the venal to keep its parts in agitation ;
which abounding in the arterial, keeps it in a conti-
nual efFervency,é^c. Icou\'dadd many other things
to authorize what we have iàid concerning the Beat-
ing of the Fulfe, and Circulation of the Bloud : but I
hope this will fuffice to rational men, and fuch as are
of a Mechanical Genius. As for thofe that attribute all
things to final caufes, and have recourfe upoîi every
occafion, to the defigns and intentions of Nature ; (as
when they lay, that the Eye-brows are made to hin-
der the Sweat from falHng into thé eyes, if, notquot;
Withftanding all that we can do, they remain ftill in-
fenfible to our reaibns^ it matters not much; and, in
my opinion, luch perlons had a great deal better ftu-
dy Afirology, or, it they are big with devotion, go and
tomment ujpon Jnb, or Paraphrafe feme Ffalmsy than
meddle withnbsp;matters.

FIN i S.

THE

CONTENTS.

Sedionl. Of the Nature of the Teethnbsp;Page 7

Sed. II. Of the Alteration of the Teethnbsp;p. i r

Sed:. III. Of the Corruption of the Teeth, with their Reme-
diesnbsp;p. 15

The Defcription and Vfe of the Policannbsp;P* 17

Sed:. ly. Of the Reftauration of the Teethnbsp;p. i ^

Sed:. V. Of the Tooih-ake, Loofenefs of the Teeth, and de-
i cay of the Gums, with their Remediesnbsp;P« 22

\' Sea. VI. Of Childrens Teethnbsp;p. 31

Sed:. VII. Of the Acceleration of the Teethnbsp;P 37

Advertifement to the Readersnbsp;p. ^^

A Fhyjical Dicourfe concerning the Beating of the Fulfe, and
Circulation of the Bloudnbsp;p. ^^

The Explicationnbsp;P*

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