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THE TROPICAL DISEASES
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OF
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THE HOESE
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BY
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E. W. BUEKE, M.B.O.V.S., A.V.D,
AUTHOR OF A 'TEXT-BOOK ON VETERIÏURY SUROICAL
PATHOLOOY', TRANSLATSD INTO URDU, ETC. |
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SECOND EMTION.
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Imperial Press, Jubbulpore.
1888. |
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^0
GEORGE FLEMING, C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.C.V.S.,
ETC. ETC,
THIS WORK IS DEDICATBD,
IN ACKNOWLBDOMENT OF THE MANY AND OEEAT
ADVANCES HE HAS MADE IN OUK KNOWLBDQE
OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND THE CARE
HE HA3 BESTOWED IN IMPROVING
VETERINARY LITERATÜRE
FOB NEARLY TIHRTY
YEARS.
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I V
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Bacüll ofMcdigtumt
GEdema. |
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The Sur ra Parasites
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PBEEACE
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This Vork is intended as a güide fof veterinary stu-
dents and others proceeding to India. In the present edition several sections have been re-written, and I have added a new chapter each on Khujli, Kenchul, Pith- kharish, Charak, Korhi, and Fungus-foot of India, which I trust will be found useful. The original plan was to embody in it a description of
all the diseases of the horse seen in India, hut this is obviously a task which can only be acoomplished by several larger treatises, and the present is only a manual dealing with diseases in a greater or less measure pecu- liar to India. The many kind appreciative comments that have been
made on it by the professional press, coupled with the suggestion of friends, have led me to bring out a second edition of my work in less than eighteen months after publication of the first, as the latter is now exhausted, with the exception of a few copies. It has been my endeavour to give a clear and concise
sketch of the leading facts relating to tropical diseases, without embarrassing the reader with minute details or minor points, and without entering into prolonged dis- cussion or any other species of controversy. I am assured |
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PREFACE.
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11.
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that such a book, if properly executed, is much wanted,
not only by the students at the several Colleges at home, and by young offlcers of the "Veterinary Department serving in India, but also by the general reader, who may not find time for the perusal of larger treatises on General Surgery and Medicine. In order that the volume might be compact, and fit
for the pocket of the student, or the portmanteau of the young Indian oflicer f who always finds it difficult to carry large books about 'wifch hfan), I have tried to avoid the use of a single superfluous word. It is for others to decide whether I have succeeded in this endeavour. Those who wish to peruse the subject, or any part of
it, into more detail, will find an index to the best works in my footnotes, and in the notes at the end of each chapter. I believe that I have simplified mattere very materially
in regard to the varieties and nomenclature of tropical diseases in our equine patients. India still offers the best, the widest, the most fruitful
field for pathological investigation; and in no other service than in that of the Veterinary Department has a young officer so fair a chance of advancing our know- ledge of disease. As a necessary part of his education, and as one of the means of making himself competent to this full discharge of his duties, every young practitioner or army veterinarian, before going to the East, ought to make himself thoroughly acquainted with at least the main facts of tropical diseases. If this little book prove of any benefit, if it enoourage
young men to go and follow the example of those before their time, its chief purpose will have been fulfilled. I wisli to take this opportunity of expressing my gra-
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iii.
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PSEFACE.
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titude to all those members of the profession wfeo have
given their generous help and advice on every occasion of my attending and making inquiries into the pathology of disease among horses in India. My temporary visits to Allahabad, Dinapore, Lucknow,
and Meerut, have been of much advantage, more parti- cularly in connection with the section dealing with the different forms of Anthrax in this boofc. Referring to my report on the Meerut outbreak of
1886-7, and the subject of so-called "Influenza" in the horse being probably, tdivisible into Intermittent and Remittent, as well as other forms of fever, we are much pleased to seê a discussion quite recently carried on, on this subject, in England, by Mr. Briggs, whose account may be read in the June number of the Veterinarian. Also an article by Martin in the last number of the Deutsche Zeitsehrift für Thierinedicin utid verglechende Pctthology. Important and interest- ing results have also been made more especially as regards the essential nature of 'malaria' and the classi- fication of organisms devloped in connection with malarial diseases. More recently Dr. Vandyke Carter, of Bonibay, asserts that he has ascertained that in remit- tent fever of man the blood contains parasites, which in their morphologyand general features are indentical with the parasites of Surra in the lower animals. Sufficiënt attention has not hitherto been given to this
field of inquiry, which is capable of being greatly de- veloped. The practical value of studying the several varieties of Influenza so far as they help the classification of fevers, has been to a great extent recognised, but no systematic measures have been taken to separate a long list of fevers which are described promiscuously along |
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PREFACE.
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with the ordinary "Influenza." Oonsiderïng the import-
ance of these fevers, e. g., Intermittent, Remittent, and a host of others, the subject is worthy, I think, of being specially investigated. I am also greatly indebted to many contributors for
valuable information derived from their own experience of outbreaks of disease in many stations in India they have had opportunities of visiting. In this way some very useful information has been oolleoted for comparison and record. From Messrs. Gresswell, of Louth, I have received
valuable assistance in explaining the pathology of Ma- lignant CEdema; and as they have recorded their experi- ence of this disease in England, corroborating my own as it is witnessed in this country, these experienoes have resulted to our mutual advantage. We are proud to know that veterinary surgeons who
have served in India have lately made such rapid prö- gress in the knowledge of Surra; but we must grate- fully acknowledge the heroic self-sacrificing and success- ful labours of Dr. Griffith Evans and Mr. Steel chiefly and especially. I wish also to acknowledge with many thanks the
kind assistance yendered by Mr. Stanley Ismay, Deputy Commissioner, of Jubbulpore, in my inquiry into the geological nature of the soil of these districts as influenc- ing the spread or otherwise of Barsati. This inquiry, together with a study of the clinical and pathological characters, will, it is hoped, prove useful in facilitating the indentification of one of our most prevalent diseases in India. * „ Jubbulpore; R. W. BUBKE.
October, 1888.
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OHAPTEB I.
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A X T H R A X . *
T^UKEitot's articles have iately appeared on ani,hra.K
as it affects animals in India, but I do not think the subject bas boen advanced auy farther than was already known regarding it many years ago. Without going into details, I may be permitted, in the short spaee at my disposal, to record the salient features of the dis oase, and the different clinical aspects it presents, from mj own experience of it. Although ahvays the same disease, dependent on a
common cause, its modes of manifestation vary consider- ably in different outbreaks and in different cases in tho same outbreak. My éxperienco leads me to recognise the following divisions, which may bo made for conveni ence of description, viz., the respiratory, gastro-intestin- al, renal, hepatic, nervous, subcutaneous or carbuncu- lar, cutaneous, and intermittent and remittent forms. * 'dee Veterinury Jvurnal, Feb., 1887. |
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ANTHRAX.
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In some works on veterinary pathology the above are
divided into internal and external forms of anthrax : this division has many supporters, inasmuch as the fatality varies so greatly in the internal and external forms of the disease, requiring separate description. There is no doubt, too, that frequently one type of the disease runs into the other, and sometimes one or more types co-exist'; but according to my experience, the external form seklom leads to the internal, and, when not a complication, is generally less fatal than it. The Respiratoky form of anthrax shows itself as a
specific pneumonia. This form of the disease has been very elearly sketched by Toussaint, and need not call for description here. Gastko-intestinal form of anthrax presents all the
symptoms of acute gastro-enteritis and post-mortem ex- amination shows the effusions peculiar to anthrax, which do not appear in simple gastro-enteritis. Occasionally, the lesions of anthrax located in the alimentary canal are so marked, that symptoms of acute dysentery, with tsdema, degeneration and sloughing of the mucous mem- brane in small patches, and even prolapsus recti, result. Death takes place usually in about seven hours, although it may be earlier in some, and later in other cases. The Renal form of antrhax is ushered in with symp-
toms of acute nephritis, and rapid death, owing to inac- tion of the kidneys and uvcemia. Post-mortem examm- ation shows changes peculiar to anthrax located princi- pally about the kidneys and in the renal structure. The presence of the haaillus anthracis may be dotected on ex- amining sections of the lat ter organ under the micros- cope, in the afferent and efferent vessels, in the glomer- |
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ANTHEAX.
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uli, and even in the parenehyma of the kidnéy outsidé
the vessel walls, and in the uriniferous tubules. Conse- quently, the urine is a source of danger in outbreaks of anthrax, and the bedding of affected animals should be always burnt. The Hepatic form, where, according to my experience,
the symptoms of hepatitis follow in the oourse of the general symptoms peculiar to anthrax. It seldom ap- pears as a primary symptom. Consequently I look on i't as more a result, than a distinet variety of anthrax. Some observers, however, maintain that the symptoms of hepatitis are prominent from the first, and, therefore, believe the hepatic disease to be a distinet form of an- thrax. The Neevous, or Netjeotic forms.—I have met with
three distinet varieties of this form of anthrax in India, vhich I may divide into the apoplectic, the furious, and the paralytic. An animal, without having shown any signs of illness, will suddenly fall to the ground, as if struck by lightening. In other cases the animal trem- bles, showing laboured breathing, a weak, small character of the pulse, and marked palpitation; is stupified, stum- bles about and becomes very excitable and unmanage- abl-3 towarcls the close, often tearing his own flesh with his t?,eth ( furious anthrax. ) Convulsions usually pre- cede death. Sometimes paralysis sets in early in this disease, death takin^ place usually a few minutes af ter the animal has fallen to the ground. The Apoplectic form is the most commou variety of
anthrax met with among camels in India, while it is oo- easionally seen also in horses and in oxen. The furious and paralytic forms ave chiefly seeu in the horse. It is |
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[CÏIAP.
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AXTUKAX.
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well kuown to the Germans ; for, I find Röll in hia
Lehrbuch der Pathologie und Therajrie der Thierarzte, 1885, says, "that the common people in some parts of Germany speak of it as the Devil's shot, blood-plague," etc, and he regards it as a very frequent variety of anthrax in Germany. Horses usually drop to the ground suddenly, and expire without a struggle. Camels, in - most cases, ' run wild' for about fifty paces or so, and .suddenly drop to the ground as if shot, and usually die- without a struggle. Dr. Röll believes death follov/3 through paralysis of the lungs and heart's action. My observations of a great many cases lead me to confirm this view, while in other case3 in which death was more rapid, or I may say instantaneous, it was caused by shock. Post-mortem examination shows no congestion of the brain, and hence some object to the use of th<5 term 'apoplectic.' If so, wc may speak of it as that form of anthrax in which death usually takes place by ner- voxts shock, to avoid misapprehension. Diagnosis: The furious and paralytic forms of an-
thrax are liable to be mistaken chiefiy for rabies. When paralysis is the main symptom, the diseases with which it may be mistaken are rabies, kamri, beri-beri, remittent fever and other diseases of the blood attendcd with effusion on, or changes in the spine. Diagnosis will be rendered easy by ( a ) a microscopic examination of the blood and other tissues showing presence of the ba- cillus anthracis peculiar to anthrax ; by ( b ) the history of the case, and the appearance of the disease in other forms in other animals ; and ( c ) the course and symp- toms of the disease. |
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AVTBtBAX.
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cabbüNcle.—Ia the Ludhiana* form o£ anthrax, and
occurs as a subcufcaneous infiltratie» and enlargement which, in the horse itt India, is seen chiefly under the jaws and regiem ai the throat. Dieckerhoff, of Berlin, agrees with us in this opinion. ( Lehrbuch der Speaiellen Pathologie und Therapie der Thierarzte, 1885.) It leads to death usually from sufibcation, owing to the mechani- cal obstruetion that results from cedema of the larynx. The swellings are diffuse or circumscribed, sometimes
fluctuating, but usually tense, and there is no craekling sound communicated to the fingers on percussion. Bolliuger and Feser in Bavaria, and Arloing, Thomas
and Cornevin in France have noted the presenee of the bacillus anthracis in the blood and other tissues of ani- raals affècted with emphysema iufectuosum and have concluded that the presenee of the organism confirmed the identity of emphysema infeciuoswm and anthrax b&- yond doubt. Bitt it is also known that " anthrax very frequently makes its appearance at the same tune as emphysema infeetuoswm " ( Röll ) ; and we have no evi- dence to show that the two diseases have not often co- existed in the same animal. |
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* We have sometimes wondered why, in these days of reformed
spelling, grammarians, translatere, and lexieographers as they are, cling to Lodiana as the proper spelling of this well known station. We have even suspected that their way must be right and the offi- cial " Ludhiana " wrong. But we learn from several recent refer- enees, that Ludhiana, pronounced Loodhiana, gives the sound aa nearly as possible in English letters. When the British veterinari- ans went there in 1811 to investigate the disease which is named after the station, they found that some Givilians had invented an *tymology for the name, as the abode of the Lodi, and were calling it Lodiana, so they did the same. And it has become more diffi- cult each outbreak since, to change the widely known name of the " Lodiana Disease." |
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ANTHRAX.
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Hess * has now shown that milzbrand and ' rau3ch'
brand' ( emphysema infectuosum ) are not the same dis- ease. The fungus causing the Iatter has been carefully studied by several authors, but it is difficult to say whether the descriptions of Arloing, Feser, Ehler, or William Koch are the most correct rogarding its chief cliaracteristics. Feser and Arloing's observations show that the bacillus is constantly found in the body of ani- mals affected with rauschbrand, and that the disease is inoculable. The fungus remains in a spore form in the body, and all the disease changes are dependent on this, which is, at present, a large fact in itself, although not a complete enough one. Although this malady ( charbon sympiomatique of the
French, rauschbrand of the Germans, and quarter-ill, black-leg, etc. of the English ) has great resemblance to anthrax proper, it is clearly a disease of its own, having nothing in common with anthrax, for the following reasons : (a ) The fungus of emphysema infectuosum is, ae-
cording to Arloing, quite distinct, both in its morpho- logical characters and mode of growth, from the bacillus anthracis ; ( b ) Emphysema infectuosum cannot be com- municated to rabbits and youug calves, and only in a mild form to horses, donkeys, and white rats, which take anthrax readily by inoculation ; ( c ) A large quantity of fluid is requisite in order to transmit emphysema in- fectuosum from one animal to another, whereas a very * M. IJeu, Bericht iiber die entschadi-gten Ransehbrand und
Milzbrandfallc im Kanton Bern Wiilirnnd der Jaltrc 1884 und 1885, ncbst eirwr Wmenschaftlichen Abhandhmgüber den Zusam- ■m-nhana der atmospliarhclwn Eïnftusue mit dem Ilavschbrand. Bern, 1886. |
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ANTMKAfc.
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small quantity suffices in the case of anthrax ; ( d ) ïn-
jection of a small quantity of virus protects against fu- ture attacks of emphysema infectuosum, but gives no immunity against anthrax ; ( e ) In anthrax the blood and the spleen generally show marked changes, but in this disease they rernain unaltered; (ƒ) This disease is caused by bacilli, but is not set up if the bacilli are introduced into the circulating blood : in order to pro- duce it the bacilli must act in the cellular tissue. I have to mention in this connection a form of
malignant sore-throat in cattle which I was deput- ed to investigate* some time since at Allahabad. I was ordered there to inquire into an outbreak of disease reported as anthrax. My investigations led me to these conclusions, briefly : (a) Malignant sore-throat in cattle is caused by the bacillus asdematis, which is trans- missible from oxen to oxen by inoculation ; ( b ) The fatality is low in cases in which early fomentation and blisters to the throat have been resorted to ; ( c ) The cause of death is purely accidental, and due to mechani- ca! obstruction of the throat, and suffocation ( Veterinary Journal, April, 1886.) It should be stated that, Messrs. Gresswell (Ibid, Nov., 1886 ) who have recently in- vestigated this disease, have confirmed my observations relative to the nature of the germ which causes it, and have shown that it is a specific disease distinct from anthrax. It gives us great pleasure to find our observa- tions corroboratcd by such able veterinarians. I trust that the cases I have reported may suifice to show that by early treatnient of throat lesions, a class of cases * See Reports Non. 552 and 553, dated 18th January, 1886, to
the Inspecüng Veterinary Surgeon, 2ud Circle, Bengal. |
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AJfTHKAX.
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hitherto found most intraotable, and extreniely fatal
when left alone to ehance, is capable of being very satis- factorily dealt with. I have seen the saaie disease, lately, in the dog, in
which it was charaeterised by the appearance of a large swelling of the throat and neck, the swelling boing at first painful and tense, but rapidly becoming painless and crepitating, It was foliowed by sloughing of tho throat, and was fatal. The same bacilli were found in the fluid punctured from the swelling, as I showed in the malignant eedema of cattle. Kitt f shows the reseinblanco which exists between
the bacillus of charbon symptomatique and that of malig- nant cedema, which is so frequently seen in the lower animals. In their clinical and pathological features the " two " diseases are identieal. Kitt shows that the ba- cillus of malignant cedema is transformed into that of charbon symptomatique, which must be considered a common variety, presenting similar biological eharacters. the CUTAKEOUS form of anthrax, in which the struc-
tures of the skin are primarily invaded, leading te erup-
tions, boils and abscesses. This is the least dangerous
form of anthrax, because results due to changes in the skin
are not at all comparable with those following changes
in more important organs of the body, as the lungs,
intestines, kidneys, etc. The functions of the skin can
be taken up more easily by the lungs and kidneys, than
those of the latter can by the skin, when labouring
under disease or derangement. And this fact has often
)>een overlooked, it has seemed to me, in considering the
relation of external to internal anthrax.
t Devts. Zelts. fiir. Thkrmsd. u. Vcrgl. Pathologie, 13 Bd.,
4 *. 5 Heft. 1887. |
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I.} ANTHRAX. 9
intermittent anthrax is that foi-m of the disease
where the aninïal revives after an attack, and some days after a relapse occurs, and the case is often entered aa a fresh one. This form of the disease was flrst noticed, in cattle, by Bollinger ; and in the last outbreak of anthrax in Government camels at Cawnpore, I recorded several such cases. {Report on Anthrax in Camels, dated Cawnpore, 1885-86.) I have seen a few instances in which relapse was
notod during the eourse of anthrax fever in horses, the term not being made use of unless there had been decided return of the symptoms of anthrax and of bacilli in the blood, accompanied by a temperature above the normal, the condition being remarked usually every fourth day, and in many cases lasting longer than 24 hours. Veteri- nary surgeon Hazclton (Quarterly Journal of Veterinary Science in India, April, 1888 ) who bas lately investi- gated an outbreak of anthrax at St. Thomas' Mount, practically confirnis these observations relative to the temperature variations seen in anthrax which I had shown in my Report dated Meerut, 1886-87. Simple remittent fever in animals terminates not un-
frequently in anthrax, the same as in typhoid fever seen in man ; for remmittent fever is no bar to other specifio diseases, especially anthrax in animals, and óften co- exists with the latter, as I have shown. The question arises, Is there a form of remittent anthrax distincfc from simple remittent fever, or is the one a precursor of the other ? I think we must acknowledge both views to be correct, for, judging from recent experience, we know that, whilst anthrax fever of a remittent type was prevalent in one part of the station, carrying off several |
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[OHAP.
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40
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AXTIIRAX.
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animals, in another part of the same station there wore
cases of siraple intermittent and remittent fever without, in this instance, oausing a single death. This 1 noted in an outbreak of disease in " waler " remounts arrived from Calcutta during January 1887, when anthrax among the horses of the 8th Hussars had all but eeased, in Meerut. Besides the above named varieties of anthrax, many
cases are complicated with baemorrhage from natural openings, as the nostrils, urethra, anus, etc. Deatlif frequently results from hsemorrhage into the abdomen and thorax, due to rapid multiplication of the bacillus anthracis and plugging of the capillaries, producing rupture. If I needed anything to confirni my faith in the
different forms of anthrax I have described and seen in India, enough could be found in the literature of the subject, which has beeu lately described by French, German, and Swiss veterinarians. If it be asked to whom these observations are due, it becomes difficulfc to do justice to British veterinarians and to others at the same time. With regard to the features of anthrax mentioned, I can honestly say that most of the forms I have described I have met with myself; but I must add (1) that they are the same, or nearly the sam? as those described by a Committee of veterinary sur- geons appointed by the Government of India to report on the disease many years ago ; and (2) that they are the same, or nearly the same as those described by Con- tinental veterinarians. We, I believe, had long been anticipated by the lattcr, who got the start of English veterinarians in these matters, and who are, moreover, |
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ANTHRAX.
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now ahead of us. To Bollinger, Röll, Dieekeraoff,
Friedberger and Fröhner, more than to any other, »e swe our sense of indebtedness for all our knowledge, and who are the first anthorities in Earope on. this subject, and.second to none in the world. CONTAGION OF ANTHEAX.
Tlie modes of eonveyance of the germs have no special
relation to the question of anthrax only : it is not settled by what channels, in eaclvinstance, the germs of specific diseases in general travel. Thxis, cholera, typhoid f e ver, etc, have each its suspocted sources, but no one source can be made to apply in each particular outbreak. It is possible the germs travel through various channels, some known and others unknown. Among some of the knowa channels may be mentioned the air ( Tyndall ); water ; grass-roots obtained from burial grounds of anthrax anected animals, where earthwornis ( Darwin ) act as the intermediate bearers ; and direct contagion from animal to animal. From what I latei y saw of an outbreak of anthrax in horses of the I7th Lancers and Native Cavalry Regiment at L'jcknow, 1 have littlö faith in air as a medium of contagion iö this disease, as the two batteries of Artillery close to the Native Cavalry Regiment escaped con- tagion, although not many yards' distant from the C.ivalry lines. However, a volatile form of contagion in anthrax is recognisod by many observers. Zundel ( rZeeueil de Med. Veterinaire, May and June, 1871 ) recognises a ftxed and a volatile contagion in a:ithrax ; and Fleming also mentions it. Many so-called spontaneous outbreaks of the discase may be explained |
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AKTHR.VX.
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on the possibility of air being a medium of contagion,
the germs floating in the air, more during certain condi- tions than during others, alight on susceptible animals. Though anthrax is almost always confined to horses
without necessarily affecting the ponies that have to bring the grass, it is not always easy to tracé a di- rect source of infection to the latter. The disease may be carried by flies, or by other agencies abovementione'd, in different outbreaks ; but often I have had reason to believe it was eaused by the germs existing on the her- bage. It has been too generally concluded that the bacillus anthracis is a parasite whose natural habitat is the animal tissues, and is only accidentally present on vegetation, instead of, as I believe, the exact reverse— that it is naturally present on the vegetation and only accidentally present in the animal body, which is probably also the case with other diseases eaused by bacteria. Nowhere is anthrax so prevalent or so fatal, we have seen, as in grass-lands in India where cattle have not grazed before—a fact which many native breeders of horses, as well as cattle and sheep owners and others in India have learned to their cost. By successive or continuous occupation, and by drainage, such pasturage becomes healthy. These resufts speak for themselves, and I do not think there is any other method of treatinent which will suppress such outbreaks, though there are many therapeutic agents which act beneficially in individual cases, but in an inferior degree. Instances of anthrax communication by affected ani-
mals, I have reported in the case of this disease intro- duced amoug camels belonging to the Army Transport |
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i.j ASttibAï. 13
at Cawnpöre, on the arrival of affected animals from
Allahabad ; ahd also in tlie case of slaughter cattle at Allahabad sonie yéars ago, through inter-coinmunication of suspected cattle eniployed in carrying fodder for healthy ones. Such instances coüld be multiplied ad infinitum. Aruong indirect means of contagion may be metitioried
the excreta of animals affected with this disease, and* bedding, clothing, utensils, etc, used by them. Also nies, vultures, jackals, &c, all of which may be active agents in promoting the spread of anthrax. And, lastly, the bodies of affected animals in particülar, which should be always cremated. If this were done in the case of village cattle also, and burial prohibited, we should hear less about grass-cutters' ponies introducing anthrax into eantonments than we now do. The bacillus anthracis, by its excessive multiplicatiortj
has a mechanical effect, apart from all other considera- tions, in impeding the action of the heart, in blocking tip the minute capillaries of important glaiids and pre» Venting secretion and excretion, etc, as evidenced by the symptoms of this disease. In the heart the bacilli of anthrax abound within and around the vessels, and iu the interspaces of the muscular fibres. In the liver they occur in the intralobular venule and its adjacent capil- laries. In the kidneys they are found especially in the glömeruli near the surface of the organ, in the afferent and efferent small vessels, and in the uriniferous tabules and in the Urine. They exist also in the milk» In the liings they are found in great num- bers around the alveoli, completely choking the minute capillaries, and leading, in other situation3, to rupture, |
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[('«AP.
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14
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ASTHBAX.
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ecehyuiosis, and effusions. When tiis effusïon is exeess-
ive, and near important organs, as round the larynx, it is sometimes the immediate cause of death. It inter- feres with, or entirely suspends the funetion of impor- tant organs by its pressm-e. When the efi'usion occurs under the skin, it frequently constitutes well detmed tumours. The blood in anthrax shows an excess of white cells,
with the presence of baoilli anthracis, is unusually dark, and does not readily eoagulate. The micro-organism of anthrax has certain distinctive
characters, which will enable one to distinguish it in good specimens with a reasonable degree of certainty ; but in many cases a doubt is left in our mind which can only be removed by the test of inoculation. The an- thrax bacilli usually appear under the microscope as short, stiff, non-motile rods, and have their ends cut off sorae- what abruptly, as it were ; although this varies in somo cases. They vary a-lso in size in diöcrent animals (Deutsche med. Wochens., 1881,) and sometimes in the same animal. (Report on Anthrax in Meerut, 1886-7. ) The form and external appearance of a microscopical organism, is not sufficiënt to charactorise it, and I repeat that the expert has no right to assert the existence of anthrax unless inoculation with the suspocted liquid has given anthrax to animals used for experiment»—guinea pigs or rabbits. The bacillus antlvracis was among the iirst organisms
noted as being causative of diseaso, and the merit of its discovery rests with Délafond.* To determine its pre- |
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* Traite *itr la Maladie dn Sang des Jletes bsvines. Paris, 1813.
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I.] ASTMA*. 1 3
sence the fluid and solid tissues should be simultaneous-
ly examined; it abounds more during some stages of the disease than during others, and hence hurried eonclu- i-ions are apt to be formed wheu exaniining the blood only during certain stages. COUESE,
ASTHRAX ACUTISSIMUS, ACUTÜS, AND SUB-ACÜTÜS. Eegarding the course of the disease, a very important
research, bearing on the conditions of infection of speci- fic diseases, lias been recently made in England. In this research it lias been pointed out that the initial dose of virus is of great importance, and in many instances exercises a marked influence on the course and virulence of the disease. "Various laws havo now been made out— for example, the pathogenio dose of a virus varies inverse- ly with the predisposition of the animals to the disease in question ; in animals not very susceptible to a disease, the severity of the affection varies directly within certain limits with the aniount of the virus introduced, etc. It is found that in some cases a small dose of a virus pro- duces only a local effect, while a larger dose kills the anima], aud the small dose often protects the animal from the fatal effect of a subsequent large dose. Al- though it is as yet impossible to measure predisposition, and thus to decide the dose for any animal, still the knowledge of the relation bet-ween these two factors i s of great importance in throwing light on its spread in many outbreaks ; while the fact that a considerable quantity of the virus is in many cases necessary for th e production of a diseaso, explains many anomalies, and aiiords indications for preventive measures. |
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I
10 ANTHÖASL [cHh&i There are some animals which will take the disease irt
a very virulent type, and die rapidly, whilst in othef animals the same micro-ofganisms Will prove relatively inocuous, or produce only a very mild attack, charac- terised by a prolonged course. It is the same with otheL' diseases : each animal has its own idiosyncracies for nour- ishing and for starving micro-organisms, since every nutriënt soil is not equally adapted to the same micro- foon. But not only is the difference of the same tissue in different animals the reason of a different behaviour of the same microzoon, the tissue itself, in one and the' same animal, may change ünder different conditions. It is possible that changes may take place in the system of the animal, unknown perhaps to ourselves, but very important to the respective micro-organisms. I will only allude to 'vaccination' as a preventive of disease, ■which evidently changes the nutriënt soil, so that the mierozoa of that particular disease can no longer find nourishment, and the vaCcinated animals remain unalter- ed by an injoction which would have proved rapidly fatal if non-vacciilated. It is furrlier ascertained, as a matter of observation, that certain micro-organisms cannot thrive well, or do so very imperfectly in one body under certain conditions, whereas they may be perni- cious when certain other conditions are present. It is known that, not only in an animal's body, but cultivated in artificial media, bacteria may retain their properties unaltered, or they may undergo more or less modification, If it is true that not every nutriënt soil is equally
well adapted to a certain microzoon, that microzoon developing better in one constitution than in another, it must consequently be true, that one microzoon may |
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ï>] ANTHRAX. 17
be so changed that it may occasionally show some differ-
ence, according to its surrounding conditions, in its mode of growth and other peculiarities, to such an extent that its pathogenic activity night be lessened or strengthened according to those conditions. This idea is in accordance with what daily experience teaches with respect to plants and animals. Plants put in a convenient soil may grow extremely well, and may, to a certain extent, change their colour, smell and other qualities, but put in a bad soil, they will not thrive, or but imperfectly. TltEATMEMT.
Carbolic acid was first recommended by Dr. Fleming,
and found very useful in many outbreaks, and in the Vratch several leading articles have recently appeared, lauding the therapeutic value of carbolic acid in the treatment of anthrax in man. Mr. Meyrick suggests that a convcnient method of admiuistering carbolic acid is that of employing carbolate of soda. Many years ago, Dr. Beale, in his work on Disease Germs, showed that the carbolate of soda is decomposed in the system, set- ting free the carbolic acid, and in this way a much larger amount of the acid can be administered without poison- ous effects, than when given in the crude form. As a rule, cases do not oome under the veterinarian's care till they are far advanced, or coming early under treatment, run a rapid course, and then, though the best remedies are administered, they have not the power left to imbibe the good which follows in the early stages and milder cases of this disease. Therefore conclusions that are arrived at without due consideration of these facts, |
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l;s
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ANTHRAX.
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sIiqw no graat exactnoss in stating the relation of -per-
centages. Among the other iigenta which have beea found useful, may be mentioned iodine and iron, especial- ly the psrchloride of iron recently mentioned by Steiger. Although these remedies have their uses, it must not be concluded that they are necessarily calculated to produce a certain cure in every case of anthrax ; if sueh a success could be achieved, antlirax would no longer be the dread malady it has hitherto proved to be. Messrs. Gresswell, of Louth, have found the perchloride of mercury and sulphite of sodium of great efficacy in many out- breaks of anthrax fever in England. There is one thing which we are frequently cautioned against in the treatment of local anthrax and authrax with pulmonary lesions, and that is, the application of warm poultices and hot water fomentations, as the use of warm nutritive moisture promotes in a high de^rea the growth of the bacillus anthracis ; and thé experienco gained regarding the treatment of South Af rican horse- pest, or "malarial" fever,* may not be without iuterest here. The remedy I have found most useful in the dysen-
terie form of anthrax which is so common in camels in India, as well as in local anthrax in animals, is ipecacu- anha given in large doses internally, and applicd exter- nally mixed with water. This treatment has sometinles been foliowed with the best results in cases that were not of unusual severity or already far advanced before the treatment was commenced. |
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* See Mr. Nunn's Report on Horse Sickness in South Africa,
1 'eterinary Journal, 1888. |
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CHAP.]
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19
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AXTHEAX
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PREVENTIÖN.
The three csseutial points in the treatment of this
disease are, it is obvious, change of air, change of water, and change of loeality on the first appearanee of suspi- eiuus cases. Such indications are not fulfilled by the ordinary plan in vogue of drugging animals. When a few cases of this disease occur in any regiment, the risks of an enzootie attack are considerably increased by keeping the animals in an anthrax contaminated loeality week after week. Simple segregation of affected animals does not suffice to keep the disease in abeyance. Tho animals must leave, with the least possible delay ( in order to avoid infection ) the tainted ground. Exten- sion of the disease is kept up for months by persistent occupation of tainted lines, until considerable loss lias been experienced. In order to obtain a favourable result of our endeavours at prevention, it is necessary to undergo the cost of a new flooring, and have recourse to prompt and effectual removal of tainted earth. We must acknowledge that, whilst firmly convinced that dozens,of animals may be easily saved by timely adop- tion of the abovementioned precautions, there are great difticulties and disappointments inseparable from the carrying out of proper segregation, which I believe to be the chief causes of these failures. One great cause of failure, I believe, is inequality of the measures adopted in different outbreaks, when the proper time for preven- tion had been allowed to pass by. The probability of an extension of this disease, depends less on the special nature of preventive treatment recommended than on inefficiency of such measures as are often employed. |
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20 ANTHEAX CHAP.]
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The running at large of grasscutters' ponies during an
outbreak of this disease is a frequent cause of diminish- ed usefvdness of preventive measures wbich are adopted. It is often forgotten that the most critical time for secur- ing the movement of suspected animals is when the disease is absent in others. It is necessarily of greater importan ce to avoid contraeting disease, thau. merely to attempt to suppress it among an already infected lot of animals. The extreme importance of preventing at every poiut the chances of entrance of the contagion into untainted lines cannot very well be exaggerated. A knowledge regarding the period of convalescence is of importance in preventing risk of infection by exposure of healthy animals to one which may have just recover- ed from an attack and be still convalescent. Anthrax may be communicated by the sick animal when the severity of the illness is past, and while recovery is be- ing perfected, since every secretion and excretion of the body, in tliis disease, is a carrier of infection. Too great care cannot, therefore, be taken, so long as cases of this disease appear, in preventing a return of appar- ently recovered animals, which are at the time even more dangerous than when suffering from an acute attack and unable to move about. Undue alarm should be avoided, but we must insist on the importance of fresh air, fresh water, and change of locality above all, in the treatment of suspected animals. Recent observa- tions show that a certain local and seasonable condition is essential to the spread of anthrax, these two factors being found in a porous material, the soil, pcnetrable by air and water, and soaked with organic substances (local predisposition), and in variations in the mousture |
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I.] ANTHRAX. 21
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and temperature ( seasonal predispositton. ) The first
essential condition of prophylaxis is immediate evacua- tion of the tainted ground, the checking of contagion by early isolation of the sick, and by observing the necessary precautions which stave off an attack among the healthy animals. Immunity ia also obtained by guarding against exposure, want and debility in the case of grasscutters' ponies, this precaution being found necessary, since transmission of the disease, in these, is often dependent upon constitutional weakness, or upon degrees of predisposition and susceptibility. Acting upon our experience of former outbreaks of anthrax, we may formulate the following rules of prevention, namely :—(a) Not to return any animals as "fever-free" without having first ascertained, either by the use of the thermometer or other means, that such is the case; (6) To remove the conditions of soil favourable to the growth jo the microbe, the infected standings must be renewed. The prophylactic treatment of tainted localities by enforcing rules of sanitation, and by avoiding the pollution or infection of the earth with anthrax material —via. cadavers, the manu re or offal of diseased animals, will always be the chief means of preventing an out- brcak of the disease. PKOTECTIVE 1NOCULATION.
It is a great satisfaction to learn that the Government
of India have under consideration the question of bac- terioscopic laboratories being opened in many central stations in India; because there can be no question that such laboratories are necessary, where 'anthrax-vaccine' |
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[CHAP. f]
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n
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ANTHRAX
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can be prepared for distributïon to the different mount-
ed branches of the service, as well as in the agricultural districts throughout the country. Looking not only to the interests of the Army, but to the necessities of British India, the death-rate from anthrax in all classes of animals is a terrible calamity, and every Government should do its utmost to avert it. The entire tendency of modern inquiry is in favour of protective inoculation; enormous saving to the country may be effected by organ- ising central laboratories in India for the purpose of send- ing 'vaccine' fluid into the agricultural districts, and it is difficult to see how postponement of such an evident means of saving to the country is possible. In some parts of Russia where anthrax is very frequent, carring off some thousands of animals of tliat country annually, preventive 'vaccination' has reduced the mortality from this disease to 2 per cent., as in every other country in Europe. It may therefore be considered as the most urgent necessity which the Government of India have now under consideration. protective inoculation has been practised by virus
enfeebled (a) by heat ( Taussaint, Pasteur, and Chau- veau); (b) by antiseptics (Chamberlain and Roux) ; and (c) by cold (Gibier); also (d) by Kitt's practical method, i. e., inoculation of guinea pigs with Pasteur's attenuated virus; and (e) with the blood of rabbits which have suc- cumbed to inoculation {Pasteur, Chauveau, Perroncito, Eitt and others. ) Immunity from infection is also obtained by injection of chemical bodies, as the per- chloride of mercury, etc, in which it is seen that after animals have taken a sufficiënt quantity of the drug, they are no longer liable to anthrax. |
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CHAPTER II.
"SUEEA"; OR, PERNICIOUS ANjEMIA.
lx a description which I gave in my 'Equine Diseases
of India' in July 1887 on the subject of "surra", em- bracing a sketch of the clinical characters, post mortem lesions, rate of mortality, etc, I observed that it was bocoming desirable to consider the question, "What is surra f' Whon thore was one question chiefly occupying the attention of veterinary surgeons in India, and that with regard to the anatomical features of the parasite found in surra, there was seldom much importance at- tached to any other feature which may commend itself to the judgment of practitioners, veterinary as well as medical. I therefore suggested that we might still retain interest in the parasite foliowed by our predecessors, and endeavour to study the relations of surra with any other disease well known to science, which we will now consider. It seems to me that some word is needed to def ine the
condition of the system which ensues upon the action of the parasite found in the disease, so as to get a better explanation of both cause and effect, and thus improve its treatment. I venture to think that both the public |
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[CHAP.
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"surra"
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2i
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and the profession will better value and better under-
stand our meaning if it be stated what the disease is, and if its place can be specially defined. There can, I think, be no doubt that a revised nomen-
clature will be of service in connection with the theory of the subject of surra. This condition—which is attended by ansemia, pernicious and progressive; by a prolonged course, and more or less deflnite duration ; by inordinate mortality; by paroxysms of increase of tem- perature, or so-called "ansemic fever"; and by leucocy- tosis, and other features essential to it—might, perhaps, be represented by pernicious ansemia, which shows the same features even in man. If this need of adjustment of our nomenclature is ig-
nored because it is either not recognised or not under- stood, it becomes an unrelieved want, which is apt to be misinterpreted by the practitioner who fails to see the true state of the case. "When once surra ceases to be a "disease with which every one is familiar, but which nobody understands," the treatment will become more rational and more successful. If the proper place of this disease were well under-
stood, it would have a stronger tendency than anything else to the encourageinent of progress in its pathology and treatment, especially upon points which have been under discussion for many years. The most important fact to determine appears to me
to be, not merely the presence of the parasites, and their morphological characters, but to show their precise signi- ficance and the part they play in the production of the disease. The study of the anatomical peculiarities of the parasite fonnd in this disease lias been elaborately |
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H.] OR PERNICIOUS AN^MIA. 25
gone into by specialists in England and America, and by
Dr. Crookshank(Jb«rn. Mier. Soc, Ser. 2, Vol. vi, 1886) and Prof. Wm. Olser (Brit. Med. Journal, 12th March, 1887) in particular. I do not think I need dilate there- fore on this subject any farther, than to show that we have not yet considered the pathology of the disease called "surra," apart from the presence of the parasites described by Inspecting Veterinary Surgeon Dr. G. Evans many years ago. This seems strange, seeing that the disease has been known for many years on the con- tinent of Europe, as the equine form of pernicious anremia described by several authors. Amoug continential veterinary surgeons there seems
to be unanimity as to the proper place for this disease of the lower animals, the malady being recognised now to be pernicious aneemia. This unanimity does not appear to have made itself feit up to date in India. Many still seem to think that surra must always remain an obscure disease, known only by the presence or absence of the parasites. The clinical characters of the disease, how- ever, contain many features of diaguostic value, and which afford correct classification. The disease has a pathological equivalent in pernicious ansemia of man—- has a similainty of history and results, as may be seen by a comparison of these in the two classes of patients mentioned. We may summarise our reasons for considering this
disease to be pernicious anwmia, and not relapsing fever, thus:— Duration and Coukse.—That in relapsing fever there
is seldom more than two or more relapses noted, u&u&lly only one; whereas is surra there are usually au unlimited |
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§
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u
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[CHAP.
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"sttrra"
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number of " relapses, " the average duration of the
disease being probably not less than two months. The malady is usually progressive, seldom acute in oharacter. The course is sometimes prolonged to several, usually six to eight weeks; the average duration of the human disease (pernicious anaunia) being also estimated at "two months." The average of twelve cases of surra noted by Mr. Steel (Report on an Obscure and Fatal Disease among Transport Mules in Brüish Burma, 1884) was over sixty-six days; that of several cases observed by Dr, Evans (Report on Surra Disease, 1880) was two months. It is seen that weak animals succumb sooner, and in some outbreaks the ordinary duration of the disease does not exceed froin one week to a fortnight, and, frequently, may be less in outbreaks in which reckoning was made after the date of admission on the sick report. A few cases have been seen to make slow progress in the disease for over a year. The most im- portant feature of thj disease is that tliere is no history of a definite onset, and that the condition is progi'essive. Fatality.—The fatality in relapsing f ever is compar-
atively slight; wliereas surra has been characterised as an "invariably fatal" disease. There is probably no disease in which the fatality is so> high as in pernicious ausemia. Temperaturb.—A great deal of importance appears
to have been attached to the temperature in surra. This is all the more noteworthy, inasmuch as "periodicity," which is perhaps the most characteristic feature of this disease, is, after all, but an uncertain guide, as all feb- rile diseases and those due to micro-organisms in general, have more or less definite or regular periods of diminution |
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"■]
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27
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OE PBBNICIOUS AMIMIA.
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or exacerbation. That the course of the disease shows
fluctuations throughout, the fever getting better for some aud worse on other days, was conclusively shown many years ago by Dr. Evans, and must be familiar to every one acquainted with this disease; while the most recent investigations upon this point do but confirm, if they somewhat extend, the original experiences of Dr. Evans. It is desirable to correct the prevalent opinion that relapses are common to this disease only. Relapses may occur commonly during the course of rheumatism, as well as in other specific fevers, and constitute a very minor feature in the diagnosis of surra. No other fea- ture of importance peculiar to relapsing fever, is com- mon in surra. As we have shown bef o re, the duration, course, fatality and other features, all speak against tho relapsing fever theory, and we cannot overlook this in any consideration of surra which pretends to be a com- plete one. As to the signiflcance of relapse in surra, this is a condition quite unexplained as yet, for it is no explanation to say that there is increased multiplica- tion of the monads in the blood during the height of the fever, as the same increase in the number of micro- organisms is noticeable in other fevers. There was a time whon tho statement that a fever
showed "relapses" was held to be a sufficiënt explana- tion of its nature. It is not so now, but the word still conceals a considerable amount of ignorance, or at least an imperfection in our knowledge of the diseases that are included under it. We must not restrict the term, in practice, to relapsing or famine fever, for the etymol- ogy of the word indicates such maladies as are charac- terised by relapses, and is often applied to all affections |
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[oiiap.
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"sceua"
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23
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in whicli relapses in the fever are present. Thus, we
have two classes of disease commonly called relapsing—" a definite disease which has been described by Dr. Carter and is known as relapsing fever; and diseases in which relapses commonly characterise the fever, as in some forms of acute rheurnatism,* in 'Weil's disease', in essen- tial ancemia, etc. I have, moreovsr, seen a few instances in which relapse was noted during the course of anthrax fever in horses, the term not boing made use of unless there had been decided return of the symptoms of an- thrax and of bacilli in the blood, accompained by a tem- perature several degrees abave the normal, the condition being reniarked usually every fourth day. Veterinary surgeon Hazelton, who has lately investigated an out- break of anthrax at St. Thomas' Mount, practically confirms my observations i-elative to the temperature variations peculiar to anthrax fever which I reported more than two years ago. Principal veterinary surgeon Oliphant observes,—"I
have always been anxious to discover from the charts, whether there is a periodicity in the temperature of anthrax fever. There is no doubt that the bacilli appear in crops, appearing and disappearing at varying intervals, and I believe they hold possession of the system, probably in the shape of spore s, for very long intervals." The experience of Indian medical and veteri- nary offieers will confirm this, for periodicity compli- cates nearly all disease in India. * In 500 cases of acute rheurnatism treated at St. Bartholo-
mew's Hospital, 40 per cent. of these relapsed, the word not being made use of unless there had been decided return of joint pain aeeompanied by a temperature above the normal, the condition lasting longer than 24 hours. (Lancet, April 14th, 1888.) |
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n.]
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29
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OS PERNICIOUS AN^MIA.
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There is great difference betweon a well-markecl
tertain and remittent or continued fever, but the steps by which the phenomena of one pass into those of the other, render the temperature chart alone an uncertain guide. A point of interest we hare noted in the case of surra
in India, and other veterinary surgeons had done in that of pernicious ansemia seen in Europe, is the well-worn, but mysterious subject, the paroxysms of increase of temperature, the so-called "ansemic fever" of writers on pernicious ansemia in the human subject. Zschokke also, it is well known, has assigned a prominent place to this fever, which he found to be of an intermitteut type in the horse (Schweizer-Archiv für Thierkeilkunde, Bel. 25, 1883), and Fröhner has likewise noted a niarked rise in temperature on the 4th day, which, with slight remis- sions, remained high till death. (Archiv för Wissens. u. Praktische Thierkeilkunde, Bd. 12, 5 u. 6 Heft, 1886.) Clinical Histoby.—The clinical history of surra in
general is that of pernicious ansemia. The marked ansemic conditions, observed both ante and post mortem, the leucocytosis, fatty degeneration of the muscles, liver, spleen and other organs, the general hsemorrhages, and the chronic state of fever, which end in death in so many cases, leave no doubt as to the nature of the disease. Treatment.—I attached considerable importance to
arsenic in the treatment of cases of surra, with the view of comparing or contrasting the results with those ob- tained through the use of this agent in pernicious anse- mia, and in a recent number of the Quarteyly Journal of Veterinary Science in India, Mr. Steel says that veterinary surgeon Butler has reported most interesting |
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[cHAP.
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30
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"surra''
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results from treatment of cases of surra with "arsenic
pushed as far as possible." The cases are "doing well, not losing coridition, and the temperature keeping down." This observation is worth noting, when we remember that arsenic is the only remedy of any value in cases of pernicious anoemia in the human subject. In a recent paper by Professor Osler, in the Therapeutic Gazette, ha states that in all cases of pernicious or esseiitial amemia there was no one case of recovery in which arsenic did not form the basis of treatment. Post-mortem Appearaxces.—Mr. Oliphant, principal
veterinary surgeon in India, writes,—"In one outbreak of surra in the 18th Bengal Cavalry, in which 180 horses died, I made dozens of post mortem examinations, and the appearances in all were identical—extreme pallidity of the tissues, with perhaps a trilling serous effusion iuto the abdomen, etc. In fact, the animals looked as if they had been starved to death;" and Zschokke also States "that none of the principal organs show any, marked structural cliange" in pernicious ansemia in the horse. Referring to post mortem appearances in surra, Dr.
Evans, in his report dated December 1880, said—'% examined the kidneys, liver, spleen, heart, lungs and the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines throughout with great care in every case that I had the opportunity, and I am prepared to state positively that this disease is not characterised by any structural organic change; it is purely a disease of the blood. In some cases there were petechise of the mucous lining of the intestines. In one case the kidneys were pale and soddenlike, and in another the margin of one lobe of the lung was hepatised; but these cases being so exceptional can have had |
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H,] OR PERNICIOUS ANJEMIA. 31
iio characteristic relation to the disease."
Veterinary surgeon J. Cooper, a, v. d., who lias
recently investigated au outbreak of this disease among ponies, says, in reference to the post mortem character- istics, "that the most striking feature is the ansemic condition of the tissues generally and the absence of recognisable lesion." (Quarterly Journal of Veterinary Science in India, April, 1888.) Mr. Steel lays stress on the presence of gastric ulcers
as characteristic of surra; and the relation of gastric ulceration to pernicious anasmia formed the subject of discussion lately at the Roy. Ace. of Medicine of Ireland. (See Lancet of March 10, 1888, page 474.) Mr. Steel describes "mucous congestions continuous
throughout the anterior two-thirds of the bowel, with the presence of several species of worms," although he attaches no importance to these as a probable factor in the etiology of surra. Dr. Evans had already alluded to the presence of petechia and yellow staining of the mucous iining of the small intestine, so that this fact is significant in the history of surra—the exact relations of mucous congestion to pernicious ansemia in man having been already ascertained. It is impossible to say whether this congestion of the intestinal mucous membrane is esseatially connected with the presence of the worms seen in surra. It is a phenomenon of other specitic fevers, and is generally ascribed to blood- vascular pluggings and minute extravasations of blood, but it may be due to direct irritant action of the worms, the same as in 'beri-beri,' or pernicious anasmia of human beings. The early symptoms of hepatitis present in surra, which is shown by jaundice of the visible mucous |
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33
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[ohaP.
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"stjrea"
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membranes, may be due to congestion of the liver
caused by irritation of the worms in the biliary capil- laries, leading to their rupture, and consequent deposits in the gland-substance such as have been described by Dr. Evans in these cases. There is every reason to believe that when the liver has become so invaded, it is incapable not only of duly performing its own function of secreting bile which is essential to proper digestion and health, but that it is an abiding pathological soui'ee of general jaundice, which, if not removed, may result in the gravest evils—blood disorganisation, generul aiisemia, anasarca, etc. And in such cases the hepatic complication appears so marked that it is sometimes difficult to say what share in the disease should be assigned to it, and what to the action of the parasites on the blood. In spite of a greedy appetite, debility appears pro-
gressive in character. It is scarcely necessary to remark ón the importance of this symptom in diagnosis, as all who have written on the disease Iay special stress on it. Professor Fróhner has noticed it in the German type of equine pernicious ansmia (Ueber perniciöse Anomie beim Pferde, von Prof. Dr. Eugen Fróhner, Berlin, 1886); and veterinary surgeon Cooper, who has only lately reported an outbreak of surra among ponies, in the Berars, says, that "the appetite is seldom quite lost, and sometimes an animal continues to feed up to the very last." Influence of season.—It has been seen that surra
occurs most commonly after the rainy season in India. There may be many local conditions—susceptibility of sex to climate, season, etc.—that may affect the greater |
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»•]
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33
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OR PEftNICIOUS AN&MIA.
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prevalence of disease in males or in females, in different
outbreaks. Dr. Moore, at a recent meeting of the Royal Ace. of Medicine, Ireland, pointed out that season exereised a great influence on the occurrence of anseniia also in the human subject. The short facts are that, i£ we compare the several
features of pernicious ansemia with those of surra, the identity is very plainly apparent. When we include a broeder horizon and cansider all the clinical peculiarities, or those features by which we most readily recognise the disease, we find abundant evidence of ideiitity between surra and pernicious ansemia. As to the differencc in the prevalence of pernicious
anseniia in male and female animals, we have observed that the disease prevails irrespective of all sex, as it spares neither the male nor the female sex during an outbreak, and also attacks mules placed under similar conditions. While it is known "that the reason the hu- man female was more subject to the disease was owing to the condition of the generative system—ovulation and menstruation—causing greater disturbance in the blood forming process in the female than in the male ; at the some time ansemia was common not only to the female, when special calls were made on the vascular ■System in puborty, but to the male also." (Brit. Med. Journ., March 31, 1888, page 700.) From a comparative point of view, it is interesting to
observe how the above manifestations of pernicious ansemia, correspond with those shown in man, in whom the fatality, duration and course, and other features pcculiar to this disease in animals are represented by so closely allied characters. The marked ansemia noted in |
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34: "surra" [ciiap.
surra, the paroxysms of increase of temperature, the
duration and course, and the extreme fatality, together with the history of the parasites seen in the blood, f orm a group of coditions sufficiently diagnostic of pernicious anaemia. The leucocytosis which is a marked feature of pernicious ansemia, is also characteristie of surra, and which in typical cases is always present. , Now, with regard to the parasites in surra, to which I attach importance. The only point especially to note is that, besides the organism described by Dr. Evans and named after him as the trichomomas, or hce?natomonas Evansi, there is sometimes found another, a bacillus,* and which I believe to be more or less common, though not specially connected with the disease. This bacillus was found associated with beri-beri in
Burma ponies described by Dr. "VVallaco Taylor (Report on Beri-Beri, or Kekke, 1880), a disease marked by paralysis of thehindquartersand extremely fatal—symptoms which have been remarked also in pernicious anajmia of equine patients described by German veterinary surgeons. (Archiv fiir Wiss. u. Praktische Thierheilkunde, Bd. 12, 5 m 6 Heft, 1886.) Has the organism in question any connection with disease, or is it a special organism only associated with it and whose life-history is not yet determined , are questions which cannot be considered as settled. Many of these bacilli are probably of a septictemic form accidentally present in certain cases. Dr. Pekelharing, of Atchin, has only recently demonstrated the presence of special diplococci in cases of beri-beri. (Brit. Med. Journ., Nov. 26, 1887.) * Monograph on "Surra," or Pernicious Anasmia in the Lower
Animals, January, 1888. |
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*1
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35
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OR PÈENICIOÜS AltJEUIA,
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Dr. Carterf has also very recently found bacillar forms
associated with malarial fever in man. It would appear as if, with the discovei-y of the surra
producing organism, the pathology of the disease was satisfactorüy settled. This, however, is hardly the case, for the following considerations, among others, render it evident that in surra cases other features in addition to the function of the parasites have to be explained. Thus, we find similar parasites present in healthy rats. Then again, we have the fact, on which I have not as yet dwelt, that, in order to produce disease changes in animals, various eonditions, such as appear in surra, are essential. That these parasites are not of themselves able in many cases to set up the disease changes present in surra is evident also from the fact that they are fre- quently present in the blood of rats without producing surra. Thus Dr. Crookshank has shown that in rats apparontly in perfect health, in London, the same para- sites were present in the blood, without causing any lesions corresponding to those seen in surra. In fact, he says these rats appeared in perfect health, although more than 25 per cent. showed the parasites in their blood on examination. Dr. T. E. Lewis had demonstrated the same parasites in the blood of healthy rats in India. In the case of successful inoculations with surra blood containing the parasites, it is not possible to draw a sharp line between the action of the parasites and that of the blood from surra cases, because a number of eonditions are always combined in the same case. The + Note on some Aspects and Relations of the Blood Organisms in
Ague, 1888. |
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[chap.
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"surra"
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36
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organisnis have never been isolated apart from surra
blood, and the disease then produeed by inooulation; and this fact is of interest in connection with the blood of rats containing similar organisme, without 'giving riso to any apparent disease. To this we may add the observation of similar parasites by Dr. Evans in the blood of diseased as well as healthy eamels( Veterinary Journal, 1881, p. 10), which require explanation. Littlo insight can be gathered from the observation of parasites in the blood of diseased as well as healthy animals, when the eonditions of their growth remain as yet utiexplained. Whether cases of surra oceur in the horse, like those of pernicious ansemia in this animal described by Conti- nental veterinarians, as the result of the growth and action of parasites in the blood, we do not know; for the same parasites which seem to be the cause of surra are often present in the blood of other animals in consider- able numbers without causing surra. It is easy, how- ever, to understand that the parasites may become pathogenic under certain eonditions; and these eonditions may be found in surra. The mere presence of these monads in the blood would not appear to be sufficiënt of itself to lead to the production of this disease. This is very well seen in the case of the rats and camels we have described before. Here we have evidence that al- though the parasites exist in large numbers, the eondi- tions are not always favourable for their growth and action as in other animals. We may consider the eonditions which aid the action of these organisms, and the chief of these is what we may vaguely term general and local depression of vitality. A number of experiments show that when the vitality of a part lias been lowcred by |
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Il,] OË tEBNICIOÜS AMMlA. 37
cutting off the blood-supply for a comparatively short
time, organisms grow in that part rauch more readily and luxuriantly than if the blood-supply had not been interfered with, The trichomonas sanguinis attacks the weakened blood eorpüscle, and assimilates the rich store of protsids eontained within the highly organised but comparatively non-rosistent cell. By the aid of this store of proteids it acquires increased energy to reproduce its like and to repeat the process of attack upon the blood-cells, producing a state of general disease. In normal conditions the action of the trichomonas san-
guinis is checked by the vital resistance of the tissue ele- mentsjbut let this Standard be to the least extent lowered, and the chances of an invasion at once become great. This is even more true of the hsematozoa than of the hsematophyta. Observe the readiness with which the ascaris lumbricoides and other abdominal worms attack children in preference to grown up people, because of the difference in the vital reaction of the tissues; for, in the case of the latter, the conditions of growth of the para- sites would be absent in the healthy mucous membrane of the intestines but more frequently present in children. We also know that the same parasite attacks certain horses in preference to others placed under similar con- ditions; and these horses are said to be "subject to the worms." The great importance of these facts in explana- tion of the etiology of snrra will be at once apparent. One can hardly conceive that these organisms should
exist in the blood, in any numbers, without affecting it prejudicially, though we know that they have been föund in the blood of animals which were apparently healthy. Of course, it is düEcult to deflao any absolute Standard |
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38 "svkra" [ohap,
of perfect health, and there may be a considerable amount
of caehexia, even in animals appearing quite healthy, What the peculiar change in locality or action on the part of the monads may be that determines the diseased condition, is one of the points which needs elucidation. We naturally ask if there be any analogy in the be-
haviour of other parasites in this respect ? Dracunculus may cause little or no trouble in the earlier stages, but developing, changing place, and discharging its embryos, the gravest results follow • trichina in its earlier stages is comparatively unfelt, but may become the cause of fatal disease. It is easy to understand that the active monads if
directly removed from a case of surra and used along with surra blood, may produce the disease if entering the blood of an animal said to be free from it, when in fact the monad as well as the infecting agent were employed together in the same injections. We may therefore conclude from these facts that, in order to produce surra in animals, various conditions, such as affect the patient's system as well as influonce the parasite in question, are essential; and that in the ab- sence of these conditions, the same parasites may frequent- ly be present in the blood without causing any disease- Were this not the case, we would expect to iind the disease most readily contagious; whereas all experieiice proves this to be incorrect; for, to quote the words of Dr. Evans, "I find no evidence to show that the disease is either contagious or infectious in the ordinary sense." Similarly, in regard to the relation of anchylostoma to
the anasmia of Ceylon, it has been noticed that this parasite was so frequent in the post mortem examination |
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«.]
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6h pbesicioüs an^miA.
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39
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of cases that did not die of ansemia, that it is doübtful
as to whether its presence invariably gives rise to ansemia with all its train of symptoms.—(Brit. Med. Journ., June 30, 1888.) Dr. Carter* lias now demonstrated that malarial fever
in man, is of the nature of hsematozoic affections; and there is no doubt as to the presence of closely allied ftagellated monads in the blood of horses suffering from Burra; yet in some animals the same parasites seem to exercise no ill-effects whatever. A real difficulty lies in determining the relation of pathogenic and non-patho- genic hssmatozoa, and in tracing the distribution of those which play the róle of general infectivity. But the fact of there being a difficulty to contend with in no way affects the question, 'What is the relation of hsematozoa to inf ective diseases ?' I believe many more of the f evers, which show a paroxysmal tendency and may be seen commonly attacking our animals, will be found to be of tbis nature. From a simple consideration of the presence of nagel-
lated monads in surra, it is at first sight difïicult to say ex'actly how the clinical and pathological facts are to be explained, whether surra has auy relation to ague in the horse, because allied organisms have been described as present in intermittent and remittent fever of mant; we know that similar parasites have been seen in other |
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* On the lately demonstrated Blood Contamination and Infee-
tive Disease of the Rat and Equines in India, 1888. t The Lancet of June 16, 1888, says, that "they are the only
organisms of this class of luematozoa that have yet been discovered in human blood." |
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|
40 "süera" [cïïxp.
animals (rat and camel) apparently in perfect health.
Such a fact in itself is sufficiënt proof that infusorial organisms of more or less similar appearance exist under varying conditions—pathogenic and non-pathogenie—- without implying any necessary connection between the conditions themselves. Hence Dr. Carter thiuks that, as has been stated to be the case in other diseases, organ- . isms morphologically identical may have Tarying patho- genic properties. I think, in order that we may under- stand the pathology of surra, it will be as well perhaps to examine into its clinical features, and see if they bear any relation to any well-known disease of man and animals. Such an examination seems to us to be dis- tinctly indicated in the interest of our patients, and must always be of thé deepest interest to to the practi- tioner. Those who have appreciated the true nature of surra
will not be surprised at the excessive mortality it causes in our animals. In the meantime, further mvestigations are needed, as it fe fully admitted by Dr. Carter that the proof of the trichomonas being the cause of surra is incomplete. No matter what the fate of the monads, theclassification of the clinical characters peculiar to surra is an object of the first importance, and the interest in the share taken by infusorial organisms in the produc- tion of this disease affords no exception to the rule. It is remarkable that, witli all our attention and care shown in the past in the invostigation of the characters of the monads seen in surra, the clinical features of the disease were not similarly considered. We iirtd accord-- ingly a variety of designations now in use, and we still relyfor the most part ontheintorpositkm of sidequestions, |
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11.1
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41
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OR PERSTICIOUS AïMEMlA.
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so that our facts are built up so far as they go on
the suggestion of others, instead of being founded on facts encountered by us in aotual practice. There is a further aspect of this partieular question
which calls for attention. The above-mentioned monads are not the only organisms of this class of haematozoa that have been discovered in the blood of animals. Al- though they may undergo changes in their nature, in their passage from one host to another, vet there are different species, distinct from each other, which play a part in the dissemination of disease in animals. The observation of parasites in intermittent fever
of the horse (Equitie Digeaseg of India, July, 1887, p. 4) resembling those described byLaveran in the blood of man during the ague paroxysms, receives confirmatory evidence from the pen of Dr. Carter, who found that in ninety-three instances of malarious disease in man (intermittent fever, siinple remittent fever, and splenic cachexia) these organisms were present in nine. As to the influence of blood-parasites in causing disease, it is satisfactory to note that, in addition to the case of intermittent and remittent fever above described, there is the further fact of Dr. Kynsey's observation of the disease called 'berl-beri,' or anchylostomiasis in Ceylon being also duo to a hsematozoon, which afford interest- ing confirmation of the views already advanced by veter" inarians on the continent of Europe, in which similar parasites have been shown to be the cause of fatal ansemia in horses. Other animals, besides the horse, have been known to
sulfer from the disease. Megnin describes a symptoma- tic type of this disease seen in dogs and cats, which |
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[cHAP,
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"surra"
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42
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was caused by an ankylostome produoing ansemia, and
which is, without doubt, similar disease to the symptom-- atic form of ansemia in man. Johne saw tliis disease in the dog as a secondary affection föllowing a suppura- tive form of disease. Imminger has observed enzootic outbreaks of it in cattle. Fröhner describes hating only recently seen cases of this disease in the horse, and Friedberger also saw an outbreak of it in the same anifflal. We know how severely animals suffer from the pre-
sence in the blood of other minute organisms. The strongylus tetracanthus gives rise to epizootic outbreaks of emaciation in horses in many districts of England (Gresswell, Manual of Jlquine Mediciue, 1885); the strongylus contortus lias been known to produce a forni of pernicious ansemia in the horse (poikiloaytose) observ- ed in the Buenos Ayres (Wernicke, Be.uts. Zeits. f Thierm. u. vergl. Pathologie, 13 Bd., 2 u. 3 Heft, 1887); the presence of the anchylostomum duodenalis and the trichocephalus dispar in the intestinal canal gives rise to ansemia, or beri-beri in man (Kynsey, Report on Anw. mia, or "Beri-Beri" of Ceylon, 1887); and the samo parasites havo been found associated with pernicious ansemia in the lower animals described by Professor Fröhner (Archivf Wiss. u.Prakt. Thierheükunde, Bd. xii, 5 u. 6 Heft, 1886) and other veterinary surgeons, Chlorosis in man owes its origin to the dochmius doudena- lis (Leukhart); whilst not only anasmia but liver disease and a foi*m of dysentery are produced by the same parasite (Fayrer.) The organism I figured in the Veterinary Journal of
May 1882, as causing an outbreak of "influenza" among |
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ll.J ÓR J?ERNICIOÜS AN^MIA.
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43
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the horses at Woolwich, is a no less remarkable instanee
of an animal parasite in the blood, which closely resem- bles the filaria sanguinis of Lewis, setting up a specific fever in animals. The disease was characterised by relapses, the pyrexia being noticed to recede and recur with interveniug periods of respite. There was present catarrhal symptoins and icterus, with an intermittent character of the pulse, and a tendency to cardiac throm- bosis. The convalescence was protracted. On the whole it must be confessed that while the
friet of the presence of the trichomonas in surra is well established, the laws of its growth and action are by no meaus well understood. Sources of Infbction.—The surra parasites enter
the body of their hosts with food or water, and probably pass by way of the bile-dwcts into the blood. They can only infest animals which are kept on a similar diet and water. But even among these many possess an immunity against their action- In consequence of the dietetic relations, the access of these parasites can be prevented by timely adaption of the necessary preeau- tions and by a change in the food and water-supply of the horses. The shallow pools or marshy places which are their natural habitat are very liable to dry up after the rainy season, and at this time of the year grass brought in from such places by the native grasscutters would contain the embryoes which, gaining entery into the system of horses, undergo development into the mature worms seen in this disease. Having gained en- tery into the alimentary track, whether by means of the drinking-water or along with the grass, they emigrate thence into the blood, which contams incredible numbors |
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44 "sürra" [chap.
of them. The reeeption of the triohomonas, or its em-
bryoes, through sound skin is open to question. The action of the surra parasite has been described as
thatof'tearing,' 'dragging,'or 'tugging'at the blood- corpus- eles. Is the action of the strongylus armatus any differ- ent on the mucous coat of the intestines and intima of tlie blood-vessels ? The surra parasites are believed to poss- ess suctorial organs, but they probably absorb their food by endosmosis through the body-wall without any mouth at all. They are transferred from one part of the body to another, along with the blood-current, by their wriggling movemeuts which are aided by the flagella. Varieties.—There is anotlier variety of surra, which
is never acute from the begiiming, or scarcely even sub-acute. It is truly chronic, may last for months, and though in the end perhaps equally fatal, is more slowly so, and occasionally intermits during its course. Though such animals may be seen to be frequently on the sick- list for debility due to general loss of blood, indicated by anaemia of mucous membranes, a weak and readi- ly excitable pulse, and swelling of the limbs, etc, they cannot be saki at any time to suffer from more than chronic asthenia, and, to say the least of it, their appetite remains as good throughout the course of this disease as when they were in perfect héalth. Such cases occur sporadically, are not very uncommon, and I believe, a number of rejections by means of special casting committees to which every battery of artillery and regi- ment of cavalry is liable in India are due to this disease. In most, if not all of these cases it is exceedingly diflicult to iïiake any impression by the use of internal remedis. |
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».]
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45
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Öft PEENICIOUS ANjEMU.
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ïhey are liable to frequent intermittent attacks of de-
bility, in many cases the animals falling away to a mere skeleton, In the treatment of such cases a most essential element is removal from the place where the disease was contracted. In the acute form, as mentioned before, the disease
is very fatal, but in the milder and more ohronic form recovery is sometinies noted, although the malady being liable to recurrence it is difficult to say whethor this really takes place. Complications.—-There is a tendency to the develop-
ment of a watery condition of the blood, resulting in amemia and degeneration of the cerebro-spinal centres, which gives rise to the paralysis sometimes seen in this disease. But though spinal, hepatic, splenic, or other complications, may intensify the severity of the disease and hasten the fatal termination, they are not essential concomitants, and appear to originate in the peculiar state of the blood and to be kept up by its progressively imperfect elaboration. I must leave the consideration of paralysis proper, or 'kamri' as it is called, to another chapter, but I may just say that there are more causes than one which are coricerned in the production of this disease of horses. The pathological changes that take place in the various
organs and tissues of the body as a result of surra may be characterised, in a word, as degeneration due to imperfect nourishment. The blood itself is rendered unfitted for thepurposes of proper nutrition, and degenera- tive changes of an adipose character, sometimes leading to disintegration of portions of the imperf ectly nourished ^isue, take place. When organs and parts so weakened |
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[chip.
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'SURHA*
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1(.
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by starvation are distented with anaemic blood which
they cannot utilise, sloughs result from gangrene of the imperfectly nourïshed tissues, as evidenced in theulcera- tions of the stomach, etc., noted in this disease. The ulcer itself, once formed,"suffers from nutritional defect, owing to the impoverished state of the blood which prevents the formation of resisting tissue around it, and often leads to perforations. The alimentary mucous mem- brane in general will be found to be in an anremic condition, with petechise and ulcerated spots the result of disintegration and atrophy. Although the tissues present a blanched appearance, there is a large deposit of fat all over the body, but especially noticeable under the skin. This gives to the tissues a peculiar jauudiced appearance, which is shown to be due to deposition of fat globules seen under the microscope. It is easy to uuderstand how a proeess of abstraction of blood, a fluid ricli in oxygen, by the parasites, would lead to the conversion of albuminoid tissue into fat. Pathology.—If we look through the list of post
mortem changes special to surra, we shall see that they almost all amount to changes centred in the blood, and all other changes are subsequent to this. The blood itself becomes ansemic, and shows an accumulation of leucocytes owing to their not undergoing the natura 1 transformation into the coloured corpuscles. The red corpuscles are much altered in appearance, being crena- ted or irregularly shrivelled, and sometimes assuming crescent shapes, although it is doubtful whether tho latter may not be only another stage of the trichoinonas. There are a number of sinall, colourless disks or blood- plaques in the serum. When examiiied fresh after |
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IL]
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17
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OE PEENICIOUS ANiEMIA.
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staining iu sol. of methyl-violet, they appear as""small,
circular disks, whieh quickly alter in shape, and have hence been mistaken for fragments of white-cells. If the parasites destroy the red corpuscles leading to their decrease, what explanation can be givon of the accumu- lation of leucocytes 1 The facts connected with the pathology of this disease strongly support the view that an increased number of leucocytes in the blood cannot be accountod for on the theory of parasitic action alone, as it is doubtless in some way related to changes associ- ated with the lymphatic system of which we possess little or no knowledge as yet. The lymph-follicles of the intestinal tract, especially
those of the small intestine, are svvollen and enlarged, and there is an accumulation of a sero-lymphoid fluid in the stomach and small intestine, and sometimes also in the abdominal cavity, in excess of that found in health. The lymphatic glands throughout the body are gen- eralij more or less swollen and cedematous. There is often acute dropsy, with no other post mortem lesion save extreme ansemia and yellow-staining of the^tissues due to fatty degeneration*. As the lymphatic glands supply lymph-corpuscles to
the blood, this may account for the eXcessive production of leucocytes, although how and in what way this extra- ordinary accumulation of leucocytes in the blood is produced in surra has not yet been clearly explained. The effect of this disease on the system seems, in fact)
to be the production of what is probably a weak tissue, * Tlie heart was found to be the seat of marked fatty changes iu
oasas seen by Mr. Steel and those described by German authors. |
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[CHAP.
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"subea"
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-IS
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and one unable to resist in any way the attacks of the
parasites. Treatment.—Surra in animals seems to have been
somewhat frequent of late in many stations in India, and notwithstanding all that has been done in recent years to elucidate its pathology, its medical treatment does not seem to have advanced very much. Consiclering the frequency with which outbroaks of surra are met with, and the large number of deaths which have foliow- ed the attempts to effect a cure, I think that the treatment of this disease demands more serious attention than we have hitherto accorded it. The remedy above all others which has been spoken of by all veterinarians without exeeption, is arsenic, pushed as far as possible. This treatment has sometimes been foliowed by recovery in cases of pernicious anremia in man, and Continental veterinarians have noted recoveries from it in that disease seen in the horse. The cases which have ro- covered under this treatment prove, I think, as far as they go, that arsenic is a specific for the disease, in the sense that ipeoacuanha is a specific for some forms of dysentery, and quinine for fever. We attached consider- able importance to arsenic in the treatment of cases of surra, with the view of contrasting or comparing the results with those obtaincd tbrough the use of this agent in pernicious anremia; and veterinary surgeou Butler, in Burmah, hasonly lately reported mostinteresting results ' from treatment of cases of this disease with "arsenic pushed as far as possible." The cases are "doing wcll, not losing condition, and the temperature keeping down." There is little doubt that if the disease is treated early by arsenic, quinine, iron, and perhaps the vermifuges, |
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II.] OE PERNICIOUS ANiEMIA. 49
such as thymol, turpentine, santonin, etc, and by removal
from the contammated area, or, if that be impracticable, by changing the water and making some variation in the location of the animals, great benefit, if not absolute removal of the disease, may be secured. To obtain the most satisfactory results, it should be treated early, beiore marked tissue changes have taken place. If the treatment be adopted at a later period, it may still be ■beneficia!, though less so than in the early stage. Chloride of ammonium should be given to relieve
symptoms which ai-e chiefly referablc to congestion of the liver. The symptoms referable to hepatic congestion in surra are signs of the parasitic action—danger signals so to speak—-and as such should be early averted, if possiblo. Calomel is saicl to be necessary to remove the profuse mucous secretion in the intestines which protects the worms. Since "we recommemded the latter, veterinary surgeon Cooper has tricd another preparation of mercury, the hydrarg. perchlor. in the treatment of surra. Ho fouud that the cases "improved greatly" imder this treatment, and were "progressing towards recovery." Good results may here be anticipated by the use of this agent, due to its physiological. action in increasing the normal activity and vital resistance of the cells, and enabling them successfully to resist the attacks of a parasite common in surra. Atees is much used in native practicc, and there may be cases in which it might be expediënt to use it; but it can in no way take the place of arsenic and other remedies above-mentioned. Hypodermic injection of quinine has a powerful effect in reducing temperature during the paroxysms. I know of nothing that has an antipyretic power as the |
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ë0 "surra" [cüaP.
sulphate of quinine, for it decreases the temperature,
retards tissue change, and prevents or modifies periode city. When complications aiise in the course of surra, as paralysis of the hinder quarters, etc, they should te treated in accordance with the plan adopted in such cases. Exercise should also be conjoined to the abovemcthods
of treatment, as there are many oases in which regulan walking exercise will improve the nutrition of the mus- cular system and of the heart, and tend to the promotion of circulatory vigour, which may influonce the amouut and number of micro-parasites found in the blood and also their probable modus opefandi. Surra is a disease of debility, and it is very desirable
to keep up the strength of the animal; and for thtó reason plenty of nourishment must te given, but it should te fhiid or semi-fluid, aud of the most bland and unirritating character—linseed tea, starch gruel, etc, All remedies of a sedative, or depressing nature should be avoided, as they are unneeessary aud tend to establish that which it is our object to avert—debility. Change of locality and climate is most favourable to recorery in these cases. The interesting series of facts now briefly recorded
have led us on step by step through many difficultiés and much obscurity in the past, in atlength recognising the rektion between surra and pernicious aatemia of man and the lower animals, and we have further sliown its analogy to the 'South Wales disease' of ponies describ- ed by English voterinarians, a parasitic disease which prevails as an enzooty during certain seasons and carries off" many scores of animals in that couutry. |
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|
11.] Oft PEENiaiOUa ANAMIAi 31
I
Such facts as these deserve very thoughtful study, as
evsjdences of the éxceeding likeness of the features üoted in man and the lower animals in what seems to us the same disease. Whether the comparison be made in the symptoms, or in the duration, course, fatality and other features, the evidence is of the same kind, and is convin^ cing enoUgh. Beri-beri in man {Lancet, October 22, 188?) is probably
the same disease as surra in the lower animals. It is described as occurring under two forms—one which is marked by paralytic symptoms, the othef in which a dropsical condition predominates, the same as in surra seen in the lower animals. The Lancet recently published a full account of the malady which is known as beri-beri in many parts of this country, to which reference may be made for its poculiar characteristics, "the most constant and striking of which is the progressive ansemia/' Medical practitioners in Ceylon have shown that the presence of the anehylostmum duodenale in the case of humanbeingscaUsedperniciousansemiaorberi-beri, and sometimos no trouble; if, however, the anasmia was also present, the parasites were always present; although these parasites alone in large numbers are unable to produce beri-beri in the bodies of other men enjoying perfect liealth. (Bïit. Med. Journ.,June30, 1888.) What medical experience and research have indicated, Veterinary investigation appears to confirm, as may be observed on au inquiry into the liistory of beri-beri and surra respectively. There is every reason to believe that, in a few years, important changes will be effected in the nomenclature of animal diseases which once seemed complicated or obscure. The importance of correct |
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52
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[CIIAP.
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"SÜERA;
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|
uosology i» (lisease, it would be difficult to overestimate,
not only on accoutit of its bearings on pathology, but because of the influence of treatment upon our animals, should the nature of the disease be not rightly under- stood. We shall speak in future of one disease—pernicious
ansemia: surra, beri-beri, kekke or Burma disease, pan- duwa or Ceylon disease, South Wales epizooty, etc, be'ng merely synonyms. LITEMATURE.
MecïTOT, Me/. Timrarzt, 1882.
Zschokke, SchKeizcr-Arohir f. Thkrhcillivnde, 1883.
Jhone, Si'wJis. Jahresbericht, 1884.
Imminger, Wochcnsehrift f. Thierheilk. u, Yiehzneht, 1886.
Fröhner, Archivf. Wisscns. u. Prakt. l%ierheilkunde, 1886.
Railliet, Zoölogie et Medieale et Agricole, 1886.
Burke, A Pamphlet on "Svrra," or Progressive Pernicious
Anwmia, Marcli, 1887.
Friedberger u. FröHSEB, Lehrbuch dtr Spcclellen Pathologie tt. Therapie der llausthlcre, Vol. ii, April, 1887.
W-Ernickb, Deitt. Zeitschr.f. Tkiermed. il. rurgl. Pathologie, 13 Bd., «u.3 Heft, 22 June, 1887.
Burke, A Jionograph on "Surra," or Pernicious Anamia in the Lener Animals, January, 1S88. |
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CHAPTER III
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|
"kamri"; ob, paraplegia.
The Indian word kamri serves to describe in a general
way the diseases of the loins, and especially paraplegia. A somewhat similar disease in man is called "ardhang", or more literally "adhangi," adha meaning half, and dng body, i. e. having the use of half the body, or affecting half the body only. ETIOLOGY.
The causes of this disease may be divided into climatic,
hygienic, dietetic, surgical and specific. climatic causes.—The atmospheric changes are a
frequent cause of the disease in the horse in India. This is especially remarked during damp seasons, and is explained on the "chili theory", according to which the nervous system, in ondeavouring to adapt itself to the noeds of the body, exposod to the great and violent changes of temperature said to occur during certain seasons in India, breaks down and becomes disorganised; that is to say, kamri is essentially a disease of the nervous |
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54
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[ClIAP.
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"kamei"
|
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sjstem caused by exposure to climatic conditions. Chili
is probably a wrong term to use, for the breakdown is neariy as often occasioned by exposure to excessive heat as to excessive cold. Fatal kamri is often caused by exposure to heat in some cases probably by cerebral hfemorrhage. These cases occur not only on exposure to the direct action of the sun's rays, as when the animals have been depressedor exhausted af ter a long march and are afterwards made to stand in an open camp without shelter, but also in the case of animals otherwise exposed to great heat in this country, especially in animals which are over-crowded, badly housed, and exposed to foul air at night, as ia the case of grasscutters' ponies duringthe rains. Fresh arrivals in India, especially Australian re-
mounts, are more prone to sulfer tlian other animals which are acclimatised and are native to the country. It is easy to understand that a country-bred animal will bear an amount of heat with impunity, which would prove fatal to a new arrival; although when the temper- ature rises above a certain Standard, all animals succumb alike. Animals in regular exercise, and those acclima- tised to the country, are able to withstand a very high temperature, beyond what such a temperature would exert on the bodies of other animals. If the atmosphere be pure and moderately dry, and if the health of the animals be not otherwise impaired and so long as the functions of perspiration, urination, and respiration are free, such animals will withstand a very great amount of heat. Ill-health from any cause operating from within and malarious and ill-sanitary influence acting from without the body, predispose the animal to the disease. |
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Ift,]
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55
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OR PAEAPLEGIA.
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|
Government horses are less likely to suffer because their
gcneral health is maintained by proper stabling and fresh air, whilst private and natives' horses succumb when placed in unhealthy surroundings. The effect of impure air on the bram which is supplied with contaminated blood is to depress and even to pervert its activity. It is a mistake to suppose that heat alone, especially dry heat, unaccompanied by any of the causes above enumer- ated, produces this disease. Even if we wero to admit it possible that the animal was affected by a "stroke of the wind," or loo as the natives believe, we must admit that the effects of impure air would be still greater by poisoning the blood which would exert its action on the nerves and brain. This most important subject of "wind-stroke" has been
so much discussed, and is so well-worn, that to dweil on it at any length would be superfluous. It must be at once admitted that if the hot winds had any appreciable influence in exciting the disease known as kamri iu India, the proportion of cases during the dry, hot months would be much greater than during any other season of the year. Considering the large number of cases witnessed during the rains, and even in the cold weather, this knowledge of its characteristic will impart a stimulus to future inquiry employed to throw light upon this subject. It is quite open to question whether the romaining few cases, seen in extreme hot weather, do not occur as a result of some of the conditions enumerated above, and which predispose the animals to the disease. Some of the most serious cases are those which come on under cover atnight aswell asby day, when the animals have in no way been exposed to the rays of the sun. |
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[cHAP.
|
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|
96
|
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|
"KAMRl"
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|
An atmosphere that is loaded with moisture particularly
predisposes to the disease by preventiug evaporation from the skin, and this is a much wider source of danger than actual rays of the sun. Hence it is that the dry atmosphere of the North-West Provinces and the Punjab, is much better tolerated than the damp atmosphere of Bengal; and the greater frequency of these cases towards the close of the rains as compared with those seeu during dry weather, may be similarly explained. "Veterinary surgeon Spooner Hart, of Calcutta, bas late-
ly pointed out ( Veterinary Journal, July, 1887) that, both kamri and roaring are the result, in many insta nces, of exalted body temperaturc, such as occurs iu hunters and race-horses during training and galloping, and in the class of cases knovvn as thermic fever (sunstroke.) From a large numbor of observatious made in these cases, it lias seemed, lirst, that the chan^es of temperature in certain seasons are sudden and violent; and, secondly, that the connection between these variations of temper- ature and perhaps the malarious character of localities in which tliey are oftcn observed is such as to lead to the conclusion that if not in themselves the cause of the disease, they uncioubtedly have a most intimate counec- tion with it, and suggest precautionary measures In local- ities where kamri is most frequent. Much may, indeed, bê done in all cases by avoiding exposure to the above- mentioned extreme variations of temperature, and by mainteuance of "tone" in the nervous system. dietetic cacses.—Besides climatic conditions, tliero
are also certain dietetic causes in operation which produce kamri both in horses and in men, and which havo been proved sufficiënt to induce this disease when |
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ML]
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r,7
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OB PARAPLEGIA.
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experimentally given toanimals, or taken byhumanbe-
ings, as food. A variety of Indian pulse, which is found to be indentical with the Lathi/rus Sativus, and known as the kusari, kasar, tiura, tiuri, and latri, is fraudulently mixed with grain sold in the bazaars in India, and is a frequent cause of paralysis in horses when eaten in sufHciently large quantity to have effect. It is grown as a cold weather erop, and on land which will raise no other kind of pulse—chiefly on clayey soils, and on land" submerged in the rainy seasou, and which hardens during the cold weather almost to the consistency of stone, and splits up into long, deep fissures. It occasionally gro-ws in rice-fields whilst the rice stubble is still standing. ChemicaUy it is exceptionally rich in nitrogenous con- stituents, and this may account f or its tendency to produce paralysis. Horses which have been fed on the plant for a considerable period drop while performing the lightest work in consequence of paralysis of the hinder extremi- ties, and in many cases death follows from bilateral paralysis of the lary ngeal recurrent nerves and consequent asphyxia. It is true tliat animals fed on coniparatively large
quantities of the kasari dal have sometimes escaped all liarm; and notwithstanding that it is so oftcn present in the gram allowed even to regimental horses, only ono in a hundred ever develops kamri; but the. progress of tlie disease is slow, and although in small quantities taken at long intervals it may not be foliowed by any ill-results, the numborless cases in which a long-continu- ed use of tlie kasari dal has been seen to produce kamri in our horses, should secure some attention. The experi- once of many former outbreaks of kamri will show what |
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58 , "KAM Bi" [CHAP.
time will accomplish in horses fed even in small quanti-
ties on this legunie. It produces myelitis or beemorrbage of the spinal eord, leading to secondary degeneration, although there may be no naked-eye indications of this spinal cord affection on making a post mortem examina-. tion even in cases far advanced in the disease. Sübgical conditions.—(a) Reflex Karnri.—Clinical
observation teaches us that not merely motory impressions, but those also which cause sensatioiis, may be reflected; so that the impression of one part is experienced by sensation in another. Impressions on the ultimate dis- tribution of one nerve produee scnsations in parts sup- plied by another nerve, or by another branch of the same nerve. Thus in shoulder lameness, and in lameness noted behind due to renal and cystic disease, calculi, etc., the sensatioiis cannot be referred to direct nervous com- munication, but to an influence refiected, probably from the spinal centre only. In intestinal concretions, and in acute colic in the lower animals, we are familiar with lameness from pain reflected to the extremities. Experi- mental facts show that there are reflex inhibitory centros in the cord. "VVe are acquaiiitcd with nerves whose action consists in the inhibition of the action of other nerves; and so pathologists have been induced to look upon reflex paralysis and reflex inhibition as very similar processes. (b) Traumatic Kamri.—Kamri is sometimes produoed in its worst form from injury to the sj>irie. SPBCIFIC causes.—Symptoms resembling those of ordin-
ary kamri may be seen accompan3Ting the course of certain specific diseases, but especially that of authrax, rabies, surra and others. We are familiar with a form of paralysis of the hinder qüartors which occurs in |
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m.]
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.50
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OH PARAPLEGIA.
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cases of rabies in the horse, but cspecially towards the
jatter stages of that malady ; and this form of the disease sinmlates kamri in the horse wlien the history of the case is not known. Diagnosis is genei'ally easy wheu we have the previous history of the case, and when other symptoms, absent in kamri, have been remarked in the case preceding the paralysis. 2. Similarly, one form of anthrax, attended with para-
lysis of the hinder quarters, may be mistaken for kamri, but is distinguishable from it by (a) the course of the disease; (&) the concomitant symptoms of anthi-ax, which are never witnessed in kamri; and (c) the presence of the bacillus anthracis in the blood and other tissues of the patiënt. 3. Dr. Wallace Taylor made the observatiou ia 1880,
that outbreaks of bori-bcri in man were frequently asso- ciated with outbreaks of paralysis in animals—but especially in ponies and mulea in Burma, China, Japan and adjoining countries—and that this discase of animals had a pathological relation to that seen in human beings, in that the blood of affectcd animals showed, on examina- tion, the same organisms—bacilli—as Dr. Taylor had dcs- cribed in beri-beri of man. The subject of beri-beri has attracted considerable attention in India and elsewhere, and every day new and hitherto imperfectly understood diseases are coming under its nomenclature. Sir J. Fayrer even suggests that pernicious ansemia is probably the same disease in Europe. Cases of cedema of obscure origin, as well as other diseases so often met with in practice in India, might also be shown to be but different forms of beri-beri. One fact is noteworthy in Dr. Taylor's account, namely, change of situation and climate |
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[criAP.
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60
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"KAMBl"
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always brings about an improvement in the cases; and
this fact has been noted also in animals, as Dr. Tayloi" mentions both an acute and a chronic form of paralysis, and it is the latter cases which benefit inostly by a change of situation. 4. We have seen that paralysis of the hinder quarters
sometimes characterised cases of surra in India, and Pro- fessor Fröhner has noted the same feature in Germany, where this symptom of paralysis was not infrequeutly present in pernicious anremia in animals. DIAGNOSIS.
I think the etiology of the disease shows that the
subject of kamiï in thehorse—whether true or symptom- atic kaïnri—is at once wide and interesting, and there- fore worthy of our closest eonsideration. We must not, however, confound the simple forms of kamri with those due to specific causes, which are readily distinguishable by the course and concomitant symptoms, the presence of the specific organisms in the blood and other tissues, the influenco of treatment, etc. The paraplegia accompany- ing the course of specific fevers—anthrax, rabies, suri'a, etc—is not a neurosis, but is without doubt symptomatic, arising from reflex irritation of some remote disturbance, in this instance probably some blood-vascular derange- ment of congestive character. It is obvious that, the spiual cord being a complex organ, any reflex irritation arising from it would be more or less generally manifest- ed, thus explaining the posterior paralysis sometimes noted in the course of these diseases. It is generally transient in character, of varying degrees of severity, |
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III.] Olt PARAPLEGIA. 61
and usually passes off on the disappearance of the other
symptoms common to the disease. The paralysis in kamri comea on quite independently of any febrile dis- turbance, and always runs a prolonged course, the symp. toms lasting for many months or even years. In fact, general belief stamps the disease to be, as a rule, incura- ble through lire: hence all animals affected with kamri, in the old stud days, were sold by public auction, as unfit for the service. SYMPTOMS.
A horse affected with kamri stands in the stall with
his hind legs vinder him, i. e. places them somewhat for- ward uador the bolly and parallel to each other, instead of one leg before the other as in health. He changes his position now and then, and again stands as aforemen" tioned. In backing, he does so with difficulty, and drags his hind legs under liim, and, if any force is used, even goes down sometimes on his haunches. In trotting, he lias a rolling action behind, and the hind legs swing f rom side to side, especially in going up or down hill, which is noticeable from the hips downwards. In turning at a trot on the left, the animal swings the off hind leg out- wards, and the near hind leg when turning on the right side. Some severe cases have a difficulty in rising in the stall, and, except in cases of kamri from injury, they evince no pain on pressure to the loins. PROGNOSIS.
The prognosis is more hopeful in young than in very
old animals, as in the latter it is less amenable to treat- meiit even in the early stages, and in either chronic or |
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62
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[CHAP.
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"KAMRl"
|
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ordinary kamri serious symptoms are more likely to
supervene in older horseg than in young ones, in whicli it is under the control of appropriate treatment. I think that it may be stated generally that a person sliould not purchase a horse for at least twelve months af ter ameüora- tion of the acute symptoms, and that he ought not to do so whilst any weakness in the animal's action is noticed, whatever time has elapsed since apparent recovery. TBEATMENT.
The treatmentwhich is found most efficacious in practice
is the internal administration of nux vomica, commenc- ing with 20 grs. doses, and gradually increasiug the amount to two drachms each dose, given twice daily till improvement is noticed. In some cases the iodide of potassium will be found beneficial, with iron and other tonios. It is always wcll to administer a physic previous to commencing the treatment by more specific agcnts. When symptoms simulating those of kamri proper follow in the course of any specific fever, the same treatment -will be indicated as is found beneficial in the manage- ment of that particular fever; we must, in fact, treat the disease, and not the symptom in this instance. In the case of gram so obviously faulty as that
aforementioned in which the presence of kasari dal is unduly heavy, a committee should, if occasionally con vened, act as an effectual check upon the culpable carelessness of contractors. The presence of a few of the kasari seeds in a relatively large bulk of gram is doubt- less of no great moment, and it is not easily avoidable in soine districts during certain seasons of the year; but we must contend for a reasonable degree of official |
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m.]
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D3
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OR PARAPLEGIA.
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attention on behalf of the general health and food supply
of the horses. It used to be said that animals fed on grain containing the kasari dal have frequently escaped all harm, and the view that it lias any action in produc- ing kamri in horses has quite recently been denounoed as "theoretieal." Nothing would be gained by substi- tuting gram mixed with kasari dal for the pure gram in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, and something would in every case be lost. In those cases of kamri where heat is the primary
cause of the diseaso, the object is to reduce temperature as speedily as possible, and before tissue changes have taken place. The bowels should bc relieved at once and injections of quinine given hypodermically to reduce temperature and blood-pressure. Locally, the judicious applicatiou of cold by affusion, and counter-irritation by blisters over the spino are esscntial. PATIIOLOGY.
The symptoms of kamri cocsist in disordered iijnerva-
tion and general functional derangemcnt, leading to secondary changes which inay be found in varying degrees of severity in different cases. There is inarked hypersemia and extravasation of blood causing pressure on the cord, which is found to have undergono degencrative chansres of the nerve cells ; the latter are atrophied, shrunken, or eaten away, the connectivo tissue of the cord and membranes being hvpertrophied. The cord itself is sometimes seeu to bs enormously thickened due to this hypertrophy of connectivo tissue. The above changes are, doubtless, of secondary origin,
the result of the' disturbance of function, and afford no |
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[CHAP.
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G-f
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"KAMEl
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indication of the morbid influence by which the function
is disturbed. The one almost solitary fact which we have to guide us in seeking for the seat of the disease is the change in the irritability of the mortor nerves of the hinder quarters. This proves beyond a doubt that the nutrition of these nerves is changed. But such a change in the nerves suggests a similar change in the mortor nerve-cells of the 'spinal cord. Of these the mortor axis-cylinders are the processes, and share the changes in nutrition of the parent cell. Moreover, the loss of power, or paralysis itself, indicates that there is a morbid state of the grey matter, since we know that only nerve-cells -can liberate the energy which causes motor power. We may feel sure, therefore, that the motor nerve-calls of the cord and the fibres proceoding from them, are in a morbid state. But whether the morbid condition arises primarily in the cord, or descends from higher centres, we cannot teil, and opinions which may be given, that this or that part of the brain is the seat of the disease, would belong, in the present state of our kiurvleiige, to the region of unsupported theory. We are not justified in going for the seat of the disease bevond the spinal axis, including the grey matter of the pons and medulla, in which a morbid state ismidoubted- ly indicated. The enduring alteration in function proves some change in their nutrition ; but the fact that this change remains limited to weakened power, and frequent- ly passes away entirely or becomes greatly improved under appropriate treatment, proves that it is compara- tively sliglit in degree, and probably limited to such fine molecular changes as could not be recognised bv any means of iavestigation at present at our disposal. |
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CHAPTEÏl IV.
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"BABSATI;" OB,ATEOPIIIC CABCINOi(A,
From 1838 to 1879 nümerous essays, papers, and other
contributions were published on this subject of barsati, especially those which came from the pens of army veterinarians serving at that time in India ; and nümerous theories were propounded as to its nature. These observations refer to a few additional branches
of inquiry set forth here, and I believe they may not be devoid of interest as supplying a continuation of the history of the disease ; while, at the same time, it will be of some importance on account of its nomenclature and pathology, barsati being confounded in India with many other diseases, some of which are sufficiently characteristic, while others may be said to possess only a casual resemblauce to it. It is therefore necessary to have as clear a view of the disease under consideration as possible, which can only be obtained by comparing its characteristics as they occurred to various observers in separate localitics, in different years and seasons, and under varied conditrons of climate and treatment. |
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"baesati"
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[CIIAP.
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(36
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Since I first sketehecl my experience of barsati in the
Veteritiary Journal in 1880, and especially since the publi- eation of my Pamphlet on .Barsati or E.juine Cancer in 1686, the leading idea of that cxperienco has been largely recognised. Thus, it has lately been asked whether caucer is not more provalent among our animals in certain districts of England than hitherto recognised ; and the disease was already well-known to veterinarians especially on the continent of Europe, and, more recent- ly, has been described in America also. The conflicting ideas or dogmas urged as to the proper
treatment of barsati prove that the true theory that can alone govern a rational scheme of treatment is not yet fairly recognised. Following the views of Mr. Collins and of some of the older practitioner», there are thoso who advocate the parasitio theory as constituting the whole explanation of barsati, and who assume that the treatment of this disease consists in removing the parasites from the sore, if possible—when they arej ustified in leaving all else out of consideration, well satisfïed ir tliey can patch up their cases even for a few months. As regards the clinical features of the disease in their relation to human cancer, all that we cansay is thatthereis apeeuliarlilceness in all its phases, not necessarily limited to the history of t!io parasites, which has an important hearing on the pathology of the disease. At the same timo, the parasitio theory will not suflice to explain all the facts regarding cancer or barsati in our animals, seeing that the disease is not producod by injection of the parasites into the eireulation, unless sorne otlier detenniniug cause, such ds injury or previous attack, comes into play ; and be- eause also the disease not infrequentlj occurs when no |
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tr.1
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07
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OR ATROPHÏC CARCINOMA.
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parasites cair be demonstrated in the sores, save such
as develop on the outside of the latter in specimens steeped in special solutions. Cancer, as a disease in the lower animals, does not
find a place in many of our best treatises ou veterinary surgery, and the literature of the subject of malignaut growths in general is so scant that, in the course of my reading, I have only met with but one or two classifica- tions attempted in English, although it has been made the subject of repeated consideration by Continental practitioners. The comparative claims of the diverse divisions of the subject of malignant growths it is at present unnecessary to discuss. It will be convenient in this place to regard the disease simply from its owu aspect, and to show that sufficiënt importance is not assigned to it in the treatment of the malady. In ac- cordance with this view, I have attempted to invite the attention of the members of the profession to the clinical features of which no satisfactory explanation lias yet been given. In this chapter I have collected certain bits of evidence which may help to advance the inquiry a stage, even if my arguments should'fail to convince tlie critical. I propose to consider the subject under the following
heads, in which we have to appreciate the experience and iudications given by practitioners in human surgery, and in turn to compare our own with them. "We have constantly searched lor a kind of index to these facts ; and from them, whenaccumulated in sufficiënt numbers, we may be enabled to deduce general conclusions :— |
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[chAP\
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"barsati"
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88
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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Tlie geographioal distribution of barsati gives perhaps
the best indications of its pathology. Tho indications have rather increased since the important researclies of Sir James Paget, Mr. Haviland and others on the dis* tributiou of cancer in England. It is eonclusively shown that in human beings cancer does not prevail to any extent, if at all, in certain roeky districts which afford much limestone, and suggests preventive means in other districts where it is more prevalent. Dr. Heury Butliu lias already shown that "High and dry localities are unfavourable to the occurrence of cancer, and that the , disease flourishes chiefly in low, flat parts of the country (England) which are covered by alluvium and watered by many streams that are subject to frequeut floods." {Brit. Med. Jour., July 11, 1885.) A fact connected with this differeiiBe of distribution is
that which I pointed out sonie years ago, viz. that the prevalence of barsati was associated with the principal river systems of India. In examining the distribution of barsati in India,-we found that the lüghest precentage of admissious from this cause was noted in the Bengal studs, which were situated on the banks of the principal river systems in the country. The Government stud at Hajipur, near Patna, was abolished many years ago in consequence of this very prevalence of barsati ainong the horses. Since my return to India recently I had shown the prevalence of barsati to be greatest in stations situated on the banks of the river Ganges, and that in hilly districts which were located some distance away from the principal river-beds, there was to be found an |
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IV.] OHATROPHIC CAECItfOMA. 69
exceptional decrease in cases of this disease. Take, for
example, Jubbulpore and Saugor Districts. Here there is an entire absence of barsati, noted in animals often previously affected in other stations, as shown by the veterinary history sheets. Not only in this district, but in others further down the valley of the Narbada, the Bijawar rocks afford limestones of various qualities* and one which the famous 'marble rocks' are particularly noteworthy, both for the beauty and purity of the material of which they are composed. The Saugor rocks which contain a great proportion
of limestone, are also seen to be free from barsati. Since my connection with this station, now over two years, I have not known a single case of primary barsati either in Government or in private animals. Raipore District, in the Central Provinces, where
limestone is so abundant throughout that it would be difficult to say where it is not found, I am told by many old residents that barsati is practically unknown there; and veterinary surgeon Hazelton writes to say (Q. J. V. S., ApriL 1888) that "barsati is practically unknown at St. Thomas' Mount", in Madras. Spontaneous resolution of a barsati sore sometimes
takes place on arrival into a hilly station, and I have recently had examples of this in battery horses at Saugor, as shown by the veterinary history sheets ; and I attri- buted the cure to the change of stations, where the animals showed rapid recovery under simple treatment. In oue case the disease had recurred several times when in another station, which rapidly recovered on arrival at |
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* Geology of India, Part iii, by Ball.
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[CHAP.
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"barsati"
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70
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Saugor, and has never since appeared. Principal veter-
inary surgeon Olipliant has drawn special attention to the fact, mentioned in my Pamphlet on Barsati published in 1886, that taking horses, the subject of barsati, to the hills, brings about a speedy improvement. I have re~ commended several horses suffering from this disease to be taken to the hills, with marked benefit in every case. It will thus be seen that the disease prevails chiefly
in low-lying, damp localities, and that in rocky stations it has been wituessed only as an exception, at long intervals. The rocky nature of the soil here doubtless assists in
reducing the number of admissions from this disease; but whether by its physical or its chemical characters, it is difficult to say. "The silurian and other rocks that assist in reducing the prevalence of cancer", says Dr. Haviland (Lancet, March 10, 1888), "do somore by their physical than their chemical characters." While Dr. William Stanwell advocates the treatment of óancer by lime salts, notably burned oyster shells, 'and says that cancer mortality is less in limestone districts in England. (Lancet, April 21, 1888.) Barsati flcurishes in the low-lying parts of India
where heat and moisture are combined. It is seldom or never heard of on the hills or in dry, elevated localities ;■ and the Collective Investigation Committee in England, who were recently engaged in an inquiry into the prevalence of human cancer, bring forward evidence to show that that disease prevails under similar conditions. Dr. Lyford,* of America, writing on barsati, |
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* Yetcrinary Jimmal, May, 1886.
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IV.]
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71
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OR ATROPHIC CARCINOMA.
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says,—"It seems to be confined to the neighbourhood
of Minneapolis and St. Paul, with the exception of a few cases which migrate each year." Minnesota, with its chief towns, St. Paul and Minneapolis, offer a climatic type precisely similar to that of India in the rains. The chief drawback to the above-mentioned districts is tho trying and unbealthy period which accompanies the annual melting of the snow. Geographical distribution has never yet been studied
in relatiou to barsati, as far as I am aware ; but this un- due prevalence of that disease in some stations and almost entire absence in others, requïre f urther investiga- tion. Moreover, the remarkable difference in the prevalence of barsati in dry and wet seasons, which I pointed out some years ago, is sufficiënt to warrant us in believing that there is something underlying in the causation of this disease which has yet to be revealed. Another fact connected with this difference in relation to locality, season, etc, is that which I first pointed out in 1880 to the readers of the Veterinary Journal, namely, that in my inquiries into the characters of barsati, I had noted that those who would best understand those local conditions which are coincident with an increase of this disease should study well the distribution of human cancer. "There is abundant evidence to show that cancer does not thrive in high, dry localities, where the soil is kept sweet by the absence of floods, and the nature of the rocks which either underlie it, or form its principal constituents ; and that it does thrive and become very fatal where floods prevail, where their emanations are sheltered, where vegetation is killed, and where, after the floods have passed away, a rank herbage springs up, |
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[CHAP.
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7:2
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"BARSATl"
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|
composed of sour grass and bitter plants." (Lancet, March
10, 1888.) CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
The relation of barsati to cancer of man has present-
ed great interest since our first announcement on the subject, and if the identity was not before actually suspected, the clinical observations and experiments which appear in the past literature of the disease clearly point in this direction, and which establish the identity contended beyond cavil or dispute. There are included in the faets given, reasons which, not refuted by the parasitic theory, require separate and permanent recognition. We must now examine the several clinical features of
barsati and human cancer, and see if we can find that any of them show marked and definite relations to each other. I give quotations of the disease as seen in the two different species, for it is necessary to form a judg- ment as to. the relatjve characters of each and to have a wide overlook on experiences which have been in the past recorded. My opinion is, and it is founded on careful investigations of many years, du ring which time I have witnessed the disease in its most varied and pronounced aspects, that barsati is a disease common to robust condition of body, and that, altliough appearing in all animals, it is most frequently seen in horses ha- ving reputed good condition of body, the health only sufFering in proportion to the advance of the disease from local parts to the internal organs. I believe the recorded experienoe of other veterinary surgeous shows |
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IV.] OE ATROPHIC QAROINOMA. 73 i
tlxis conclusively. And the experience of surgeons re-
garding cancer in man-is that, "prior to, and for a long time after the appearanoe of a cancerous sore, the constitution is distinguished, in most eases, by its re- markably healthy characters, and by the. absence of any appearanCes which would indicate disease;"* The great question which is thuS'raised is as to the condition of patients previous to the appearance of this disease, and the general answer is, "Remarkably healthy." Mr. Smithf cliaracterises the condition of horses subject to barsati as "vigorous." Most authors who have writtên on cancer state that
simple wounds and uleers sometimes bccome the seat of cancerous disease, and that the epithelial form of cancer does frequently arise in the chronic ulcers thenaselves_ Now, what is the experience in regard to barsati 1 I shall quote Mr. Hart, f who writes—"Simple sores and galls, if neglected, are very apt to assurae barsatic actión", which is the genaral experience of veterinary surgeons in India. Writers on cancer lay great stress on "induration of the sore" as specially distinguishing cancer, a fact emphasised by those who have seen any- thing of barsati before writing upon it. I. "V". S. Oliphant,^! in charge of Hapur Stud, observes-: "From rubbing or biting—for the sore is particularly itchy— the crown of tho ufcer becomes violently detached, leaving a moist, irritable. sore, the, base.- ofivhieh gpwdily Iteeomes indurated." Mr.'Hart, in his paper on barsati, describes "an indurated base extonding to a depth of half |
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* On Cancer, Mitcheïï, 1879. % Veterinarian, J.87S.
+ Veterinary Journal, 1881. % Veterinary Junrnal, 18S0.
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71 "BARSATl" [CHAP,
an inch or an inch." Another important feature of
barsati, is the presence in the sores of jjain or irritation feit at different intervals. Mr. Hart writes, what must be the experience of every one, that, "barsati sites, though healed, are liable at any time to bscomo irritable and to be gnawed by the horse; this act showing beyond dispute that some irritative action is going on." This pain is certainly considered very characteristic also of huraan cancer, although it is not constant, or the patiënt could not live, but comes on at intervals only. A fact of some importance in the clinical history of
barsati is, absence of inflammation characterising the sores. I. V. S. Meyrick, in a lecture delivered at the Aldershot Military Veterinary School in 1881, said, tho disease was "non-inflammatory" in its character; and John Hunter, in 1828, wrote,—"True snppuration arises from inflammation, terminating in a disposition to heal, which is not the case with canc.er." This estimate in relation to our observations on the character of the lesions in barsati, is fully borne out by the history of Imman cancer, which goes in confirmation of our views. Dr. Mitchell observes, that "the absence of inflammation throughout the entire course of the disease (cancer) ia the general rule, though inflammation may and oc- casionally does occur during its progress, but then as an exception only." (p. 84). The sore ia barsati in the early ttage, is, morecver, usuallv single, as in cancer, rarely bccoming multiple until a late stage, and seldom even then ; while the sores in j arasitic disease are mostly multiple. The points of junction of skin with mucous membrane, as well as parts exposed to f riction, are most frequent sites of barsati ulceration. |
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IV.j
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75
|
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|
OE ATKOPHIC CaECINOMA.
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Hence the favourite seats of barsati are seen to be the
angles of the mouth and the lips, which are liable to irritation by the bit, <fec.; the inner aspect of the fetlocks, more especially in horses given to habitual "brushing" ; the prepuce; the lachrymal region, &c. The results of operation have likewise proved most unsatisfactory in the case of barsati as iu that of human cancer. I. V. S. Oliphant* writes,—"The state of the system existing in barsati is not one that indicates the use of the knife f and Dr. Walshe says,—"Cancers which have become quiescent have sometimos been cut out, and the opera- tion been foliowed by rapid reproduction of the disease." Dr. Cooke writes,—"Erom 1851 to the end of 1863, we have had the opportunity of seeing at the Cancer Hospital 413 persons who had been operated on for cancer; and it will astonish the reader to be told that the average lapso of time before the disease returned in these cases was not more than six and a half months."\ The experience of veterinary-surgeons in India shows that barsati sores which, under appropriate treatment, gonerally subside about the end of September, re-develop their activity next March, April or May. Not a few cases of barsati become, after a shorter or
longer time, arrested and retrogressive, and, ultimately, to all appearances, cured. These apparent cures are not always permanent, but after intervals of six months, a year, or more, a similar affection is started again, either in the. same or in another part, or in both, when ifc contaminates the interna-I organs, or becomes again * Veterinary Journal, iuhj, 1S80, p. IS.
t On Cancer; lts alllcs and eoitnterfeiU, gp. 92-3,
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76 • "BARSATl" [CHAP.
atrophic and is arrested : another striking resemblance
between it and the form öf human cancer known on the continent óf Europeunder the name Atrophic Carcinonta. Some pathologists call this iïecurrent* Fibroid, a vague term applied to many different species. For a tumour to be called fibroid it is not enough that it should contain fibrous tissue : it must also contain no other tissue. A fibrous matrix is common to nearly all tumours; and barsati has a fibrous stroma wbich predominates in many parts of its structure, but it always contains in its mesh- work cellsj whereas true fibroids are composed solely of fibrous tissue. Moreover, although the distinctions of the various forms of cancer are useful and wise, and practical, and founded on natüral laws, still there are cases in which these different fornïs pass into each other, and in which all these peculiarities may'ba seen affecting the same patiënt. "These cases of combiuation", says a recent writer on cancer, "are sufficiently rare to make the distinctions valuable in practice, bot they at tho same time show the common character of all these forms ofdisease." Various other names have been given to this form of cancer, as for example, contracting cancer, cicatricial cancer, etc, each of which indicates some pro- minent feature of the disease. The cells, in this form of the disease appear to be very short-lived, for they are scarcely formed before they commence to decay (Billroth); but peripherally tho slight cell-infiltration constantly extends, hence complete disappearance of the diseaso rarely, if ever, takes place. Some surgcons even object * The term "reeurrent" here is misleadiug, inasmuch as all
malignant growths are recurrent. |
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|
IV.] OR ATROPHIC ÖARCINOMA. 77
to the term cancer being applied to epithelioma, but this
objection is not valid, being founded on mere physieal differences of no importance. Mr. Hart writes—"After an indefinite period of
immunity the disease (barsati) reappears." We know the history of several cases in -which the disease rccurred after a cessation of three years, and in one case, recently treated, after a period of four years; whilst Hutchinson, Professors Billroth, Buchannna, and Dr. Whitehead give instances of immunity after operation and other modes of treatment for cancer, extending to three, five, and fifteen years in the Case of man.* The tcndency to fibroid development in excess of cell fortnation is one of the most potent agencies in giving respite, and, in some cases, towards arrest and apparent cure of the disease. In England it has been seen that nearly twice as many
females f all victims to cancer as males. In India this has not been noticed in the case of barsati seen in animals. In Victoria the differenee in the mortality between the two sexes is but slight; for instance, the Lancet says, " The mean annual death-rates to every 10,000 of each sex living during the years 1861-1884 were as follows : in England, males 3.78, females 6.92 ; in Victoria, males 4.28, females 4.52." We have already shown that the presence of tubercle-
like uodules in bars&ti sores is diagnostic. And Dr. T. Weeden Cooke, on the subject of cancer in man, on page 33, writes : " Jn many cases the incisions made for the purpose of removing the diseased mass have scarcely healed before 'tuberdes' have appcared around the cicatrix, |
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*Med. Times and Gazette, 7 Maren, 1874, p. 256.
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[chaf.
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"barsati"
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78
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|
or the wound itself has taken on the diseased action."
Dr. Green* says : " The cells may be so closely packed as ultimately to become hard and dry like those of nails and hair, and the globes are then of a brownish-yellow colour and of a firm consistence. These globes are often large enough to be readily visible to the uaked-eye." Professor Billroth considers the presenee of nodules in tlie skin, vvhen numerous and well-characterised, diagnostie of oue variety of cancer ho has specially studied in Europc. In their general histoiy, clinical and post-mortem char-
acteristics, eourse of derelopment, and in the nature and extent of influence produciblo upon them bj trcatment, barsati in the horse and cancer of man :u'3 identical. Excepting perhaps the lesser fatality in herbivorous animals noted by M. Lablanc, there is perhaps no fea- ture of barsati which may not ba observcl in cases of human cancer. With regard to a question that has ariscn regarding
the fatality of ihis disease in the horso, it may be well to mention that melanosis is very little more fata^ in the same animal, although it is so rapid in its effects in man ; and yet melauotic sarcoma of the horse is only ordinary sarcoma, but otherwise just as usual. While we cannot expect to find exact resemblances—no
more thau we find them in human and bovine tuberculosis, for example—I think much important data will be pre- sented on a careful comparison of the leadiug character- istics of barsati and cancer, pointing to tlicir identity ; while any apparent difference may be expïained by the |
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* Green. Moi-bid Pathology, 1878.
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IV.] OR ATROPHIC CAROINOMA. 79
differenoe in the conditions of species. Tbe difference
between man and the lower animals imparts to the tis- sues the alterations in their molecular disposition to the disease, which explains the differenoe in the virulence of the disease in these patients. Besides which silica is one of the substances which is found in the body, especi- ally in the case of vegetable feedcrs ; and silica and other salts assist in reducing tho death rate from cancer even in man. Professor Verneuil belicves, and M. Reclus has collect-
ed statistics to prove, that cancer was all but unknown among persons whose food was exclusively vegetable. In regard to barsati seen in our animala, may uot a vegeta- ble diet similarly influence its rate of mortality ? We have noticed that horscs fed on a starch diet (bran ) exclusively, make more rapid progress than others reoeiv- iny much gram during an attack of barsati. Sufficiënt attontion has not hitherto been given to the
question of food-supply as influencing the course of bar- sati, which is capable of heilig greatly developed. The preventive value of starch so far as it aifects the course of human cancer, has been to a great extent re- cognised, but no special measures have been uudcrtaken to develop its significance, espccially in the case of vege- table feeders. It appears to me that in the study of malignant
growths there yet remains some interesting work to be done in connection with those differences which depend uron the peculiarity of species, or of constitutions, and which influence the degree of malignancy in different animals. We have seen that almost all varieties of maglinant growths appearing in our animals run a |
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"barsati"
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[CHAP.
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|
milder course than they do in man; and in the greater
proportion of simple wounds, this differenee lias been also noted. Now, if this should be true in the case of simple wounds seen in the lower animals, why should it not be notieed in malignant growths 1 My observa* tions lead me to believe that all malignant growths in animals, except those seen in dogs, run a mueh milder course, as a rule, titan they do in man. It is quite easy to understand this when we recollect that the same distinction has been noted in the behaviour of simple wownds abovementioned. From these experiences we draw the conclusion that cancer in herbivorous animals is not generally so severe in its results as cancer in the carnivora. When we characterise slowness of diffusion as a pri-
mary feature of barsati, we are obviously rexerring not to all cases, but to the general boliaviour of most of them, and to the peculiarities of this disease in the main. I would not omit to name in this connection, numerous other cases where the chief feature of the disease is seen in the severity of the lesions, and where there are no intermissions, but the malady rapidly generalises itself, often within a few months. These cases are happily in the minority, and, compared with the former class, comprise but a very small proportion of the cases treated by the veterinarian. In other cases in which diffusion is slow, ill-health is not remarkable until a very late stage, and I do not think that an absolutely normal temperature and fleshy condition in barsati is any sign that the disease is not progressing. The progress of the disease from local parts to remote structures, or a metastasis morbi in barsati, as experience |
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tV.) OR ATHÓPttte ÖAftCINOMA. 81
éacè has shówri, is genéi'alry very slöw, and extensive
disease óf thte lüngs strtd öthér viscera is not inCompatibie ■witfa tolérabie good liealth öf the patiënt and capacity for regular ördïnary Wói-k. What is thé' nature ór degree of malignancy of barsati?
Is it like the more viftïlënt medullaiy form, or the local epithelial, or hard scirrhmïs' cancer ? Microscopic obser^ vation reveals sofliè vuriety in the structure of this morbid gröwth, whieh geherally shows a large proportion of fibrous stroma rcsembling hard cancer, and sometimes, though rarely, an êxcess of cells approaching more to tho characters of epithelial eancer, some of the cells be- ing arranged eoncentriéally in places and thus forming the well-known "epidefflial globes," or so-called kanker nodnles of a barsati sótè. On the other hand, niany intermediate examplés may be seen in an examination of the sore during its different stages, ft is clëar that, any nomenclature of this disease which is founded on anatomical characters öftly, must necessarily be faulty, if not misléading, and I have therefore proposed that barsati should receive the designation, Atrophic Cancer. We have found this designation, which is based on general characters of some importance in the clinical history of barsati, the most comprehensive, and therefore the most correct one to employ. CONTOTIOX OF THE GLAXDS.
The condition of the glands in barsati has been a
subject of much debate, and it seems to have been pretty generally accepted that the glands werc ahvays affected in cancer. Èxperience shows that the glands |
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[CHAP,
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"BABSATl"
|
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83
|
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|
are soldom enlargedin barsati unless ulceratiön is
pronounced, as in some cases we have lately recorded. ( The Veterinarian, Jany., 1885.,) Dr, Wilks agrees with us on this point in reference to cancer in the hunian subject. ( Pathological Anatomy, 2nd Ed.) Dr. Campbell de Morgan says, that " the reason why the neighbouring lymphatic glands are so seldom implicated in the epithelial variety and oftener in the encephaloid, or soft cancer is explained by the difference in their histological constitution". ( Med. Times and Gazette, 7 March, 1874.) Paget says, that " the lymphatics are upon the average not affected until the disease bas passed through half its period of existence " which, in man, is computed at two years. ( Burgwal Pa- thology.) Dr. Bastian says, " the neighbouring glands become affected in cancer just as they do where simple inflammations exist". ( Brit. Med. Journal, 7 Oct., 1871.) Dr. Mitchell considers " that the lymphatics shonld not be specially mentioned in deiining cancer ". ( Treatise on Cancer Life, 1879, p. 79.) Mr. Hutchinson says, "tho glands are seldom affected in Thiersch's cancer". (Clinical Surgery.) EECUEEIKG NATURE.
It is not at all unlikely that some of us have the op-
portunity of seeing this disoase, in our equine patients, at an earlier stage than others generally see it; and sent as these patients are for treatment after repeated recur- rences, we rarely have an opportunity of testing tho precise value of many vaunted remedies during its differ- ent stages. Experience luis shown that recurrence of |
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Vf-] OK ATROPHIC CARCINOMA. 83
barsati is not confined to the wet weather. It remains
to bc aeknowledgedj however, that though this is the case, yet, the disease having once established itself, its return in locoAs rendered probably more certain during the rains than in any other season. The fact itself, wö niay observe, appears inexplicable to many who recognise it as such, but its causes are, notwithstanding, capablo of explanation ; for, as Dr. Moxon* has observed, mois- tureintervenes, together withthe other unfavourable influ- encesof accompany ing heat, etc, during wet weather, which augment cell-growth in cancer structures. The effect of moisture in the atmosphere during the rains, therefore, is an increase of cell-activity and a general accoleration of all the worst accompaniments ef barsati. It has constantly been assumed that the term barsati
implies the occurrence of this disease is limited to wet weather, or that moisture favours its development. As a matter of fact, we know that moisture is a condition favourable in the extreme to the growth of human cancer; while the malignancy of the disease, when it is once developed, is greatly aggravated by moisture, as is easy to understand. For, "the malignancy of epitheliomaf is greatly influenced by physical conditions, being more pronounced in proportion to the moisture, vascularity and amovmt of movement in the part." As regards its recurrence during the rains justifying the name of bar- sati, we observe a great tendency of prevalence of aU forms of skin disease during wet Aveather in India, the * Moxon, " Trans. Path. Soc," XX, 28. SeeArnott "On Cancer,''
, 1872, p. 70. t Jouos and Sievcking's Pathological Anatomy, 2nd Ed.. p. 180.
|
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[CHAP.
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84
|
"liARSATl"
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|
frequency of whieh is simply the effect of normal aetiyity
of the skin. We further know that simple Sounds are subject to the same law in India, in consequence of the peculiar state of the atmosphere, during the wet season, telling injuriously on diseased and injured tissues. It is said that recession of the sores is peculiar to bar- sati only, but I am not enabled to endorsc this opinion. It is well known that alternate cessations and reeuwen- ces of the sores characterise human cancer quite as much as they do barsati. Dr. Campbell de Morgan, F. R. 8., writes* : " A remarkable and not very explicable phenom- enon is the arrest of cancer growth and the gradual wasting of the diseased mass. The activity of the whole mass is arrested, new cells cease to be f'ormed, and the tumom' fades—a widely spread mass becoming quiescent and then fading throughout its whole ex-tent. It shifts the difficulty back a stage or two to snggest that the recession of cancer takes place in obedience to the law under which local atrophy, independent of inflammation or disease, may occur; or that it may be due to somo want of organising power inherent in it from the first, as soma cancers seem born to be atropfiic. It is, under any circumstances, a most important subject for investi- gation." From the foregoing remarks it must not be concluded,
however, that the period of respite due to atropine change, is an invariable feature of barsati. Not by any ■means has such been found to be the case in our experi- ence of this diseaso; for, it is usually noticed in the milder cases only, where constitutional symptoms are |
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* Med. Times and Gazette, 7 March, 18/4, p. 256.
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IV.] OR ATROPKIC CARCINOMA. 85
also absent; whereas it is not at all uncommon to see
sores existing before and persisting throughout the winter as well as during the summer. In many cases the diseaso runs its destructive course in a few months. Had our knowledge of cases ended when the disease first showed signs of local arrestation, we should have been compelled to adopt the prevalent theory of reported cures ; but fortunatoly our cases have gone further, and in too many instances revealed the nature of our pana- ceas Nothing is more common than for a gradual breaking up of the constitution to be suddenly notioed when the disease has reached a certain stage. NECROPSÏ.
Inasmuch as 'kankers' are perhaps the most noticeable
morbid changs found in the internal organs, we may begin with a consideration of them, and describe the other changes afterwards. (a) 'kankers.'—They are found in the lymphatic
glands, in the lungs, liver, spleen and other organs. In the lattor, they may be either deoply imbedded, or seated superficially on the surface and on fibrous and mucous coverings. They are both discrete and confluent, are of various sizes, shapes and fbrms, and of different consis- tency during different stages of development. Some of the youngest, seen on the surface of the lungs, appear slightly depressed in the centre, giving the surrounding pleura a peculiar puckered appearance. Those older in the stage of development, are harder to the feel, have an irregular outline and, when seated on the pleura, .are slightly raised above the surface of the lungs and |
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86 "BAESATl" [CHAF.
surrounded by a zone of fibrous or cirrhotic tissue." Hista
logically, these kankers differ in no respect from similar kankers found in the sores externally seated. In some places they produce, by conflunce, characteristic "lumps' in the substance of organs, but particularly in that of the lungs. The irritant which produces barsafci nodules in remote structuros is merely a tissue irritant derived from the external sore, and acts embolically ; the casea" tion that sometimos follows is a mishap due to insuffi- ciënt blood-strpply ; while the.later chango of calcification is due to infiltration of this structure with iuorganic salts. Caseation of a barsati nodule takes place general- ly as a result of complicity with othcr products and from insufficiënt nutriment, which accounts for the infrequen- cy with which yellow nodules are here met with ; and in this respect the disoase ditTers in an important particular from tuborculosis. It is commoner, as experience shows, to meet with the grey formations, and those which have undergone that physical variatiqn by transformation into a horny mass, called cornification, or by infiltration with inorganic salts into 'womb-stones' or kankers. (b) consolidation.—Many protions of the lungs under-
go consolidation, the result of catarrhal inflammation, and produce, what may be called, a peculiar cloudy degeneration, due to the air-vesicles being occluded with catarrhal products, in which may be seen numerous large, polygonal or hexagonal cells having ovoid nuclei and many nucleoli. The air septa are also the seat of a dense infiltration by numerous small cells. Ausculta- tion over parts of the chest corresponding to such portions of the lungs shows loss of murmur of the normal sounds of the lungs, during life. The consolidation is frequently |
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IV.]
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8T
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OR ATROPHIC CARÖINOMA.
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a result of fibroid change in many advanced
Dulness is sometimes, but not always, detected, because frequently the surrounding lung is super-resonant frora emphysema. Gradually the lungs become more and more extensively involved, and the signs, as well as the symptoms, are not to be distinguished from those of any other chronic lung affection. (c) the pleura.—Is the seat of important and mark-
ed changes in the advanced cases of this disease. It loses its normal transparency, becomes rough to the feel, and cloudy in appearance, and is thickened and adherent to the subjacent lung-tissue. In specimens steeped in alcohol, this is beautifully shown, the pleura being raised into distinct rugce. (d) false bronchi.—Small cavities appear on section
of the lungs resembling true bronchi, but which on inspection are found to be cavities emptied of kanker, and indicate the seat of kankers which have been dislodg- ed in the act of sectioning. True dilatation of the bronchi may be seen in many long-standing cases of barsati, due to cirrhosis : the cirrhotic tissue eontracting, pulls the bronchi open on principles well recognised. (e) emphysema.—When any portion of the lungs is
Consolidated, the adjacent parts take on increased or excessive action, one of the results of which is emphysema, the amount of which will always be regulated by the amount of consolidation present in any given case. (ƒ) phlebectasis.—Or a dilated, corded condition of
the blood-vessels of the lungs, generally of the sub- pleural vessels, also results in a few cases, from com- pensatory action. No suppurative changes are usually noticed in any üf
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88 "BARSATl" [CHAF,
the internal organs in eases of barsati.
MOBFHOLOGY OF KANKEB.
What is genérally termed 'kanker1 in barsati, is not
kanker properly so-called, but isa produetofdisease,apell- concretion in fact, either with or without calcareous deposition; for, there are two kinds of kanker, namely («) soft, or fatty or caseous, and (b) hard, or calcareous kanker. When tliey are present in the sores tliey are considered characteristic) but'they may be occasionally present only in small numbers, or be altogether absent in some cases. Tliey may, and do occur also in the internal organs, during the latter stages of this disease. Billroth, of Viènna, in describing one form of human c'ancer he lias speoially studiöd, says, in respect to these cöncretions, that wberi they are numerous and well characterised, they are diagnostic. There is no doubt that, in hot climates in partieular, their formation is expedited 'by the process of clesiccation. We have noticed similar formations in the eruptions of hórse-pox, which I described in the Veterinarian of 1884, and in ether diséases meiitioned in my work on Veterinary Surgical Pathology published lately. The characteristic dispositiön of the celk in certain
Tarieties of cancer, to settle themselves in concentric layers, makes an opportunity for the calcareous deposi- tion taking place in them to eönvert them into conspicu- óüs globular bodies—risible nodules. Beyond exhibiting tho properties of a foreign body, liowever, kanker does not play the dire part of the cells not similarly eircum- scribed by calcareous deposition, but which, imbued with |
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IV.] OB ATROPHIC CARCINOMA. 89
the change peculiar to cancer, work hidden havoe by
their pronounced tendency to infiltration of the adjacent tissues, and to oonstitutional invasioü through the process of normal absorption earried on by the veins and lyniphatics. Microscopic examination of kankers reveals the fact
*hat they consist of neither bone elements, as held by veterinary'surgeon "Western; nor scrofula cells, as contended by veterinary-surgeon Hodgson; nor inspis- sated pus, as believed by veterinary-surgeon Phillips ; for, we have no record of any microscopic examination in respect of either of the aforenamed theories, but merely a belief, aniounting to hypothesis, has hitherto been expressed in regard thereto. A fourth view is held by Mr. Meyrick*, who found crystals of uric acid and oxalate of lime, and various other crystals have been described by different writers. Questions have been introduced during this controversy as to the occurrence of specifically shaped crystals in kanker. We do not think that "specificity" in the shape of crystals indicates aught else than that particular salts very constantly predominate in these kankers in consequence of their presence in the blood; but, then, we are also aware 'that the blood of different animals yields, in its natural state, varioTis shaped crystals; and the occurrence, thorefore, of crystals of this or that shape adds but little to the pathological information on the subject of which we are already possessed, it being a concomitant of health, or, in other words, a purely physiological product and un- connected with the process of disease. We must there- |
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* Vetcrinary Jaumal, Ifov., 1879, p. 320.
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[CHAP.
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"BAESATï"
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PO
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fore conelude, that pigmentary matter aud crystal forms
met with in barsati concretions, are simply the products of normal blood, and indicate prior extravasation. To examine the above theories more in detail: (a) Veterinary-surgeon Hodgson contended that
kanker was made up of scrofula cells, and that during one or other of its stages of development it underwent fatty change. TJndoubtedly right as this theory is in stating kanker to be subject to fatty change, it is as un- doubtedly wrong in stating kanker to be made up of scrofula cells. (b) Veterinary-surgeon Phillips, as surgeon and clin-
ïcal observer, maintained that kankers were so many little pellets of inspissated pus. Mr. Phillips makes no mention of any microscopic examination, and we would remark that, once it was the general opiuion that the nodules in tuberculosis were also simply masses of inspissated pus ; but the development of histo-pathol- ogy has dissipated that view. And so we make no doubt that Mr. Phillips, imbued with this idea, readily feil into the belief that the kankers in barsati sores were, in the same manner, simply masses of inspissated pus. But, masses of inspissated pus are discriminated from among their counterfeits through the circumstanoe of their possessing no distinct intercellular substance or fibrous matrix. Those who have examined a kanker nodule during its various stages of development know that, in addition to containing celluïar elements, it is possessed of an abundant intercellular substance or fibrous matrix, among other things, depending on the stage of development during which the kanker is subjected to examination. |
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IT.] OE ATROPHIC CAECINOMA. 91
(c) Veterinary-surgeon Western maintained that
these bodies wer« so raany centres of independent osseous development. We are, however, unable to ooneur in this view, not having seen any such present- ment under the microscope in our examinations into the nature-of these disease-products. Mr. Western in com- ing to the above conclusion has chosen to adopt the röle of a mere physicist. He has brought himself to the maintaining of this because of the fact that these bodies were hard to the feel, brittle, and chipping when struck by metal, &c,—properties that very naturally engage the primary attention of physicists. We know that osseous change may, and does take place during certain morbid developments, but we cannot say we have found it do so in kanker in the examinations we have made of it; while the brittleness and hardness are demonstrably due to chemical changes occurring in it during its progressive stages of development. DIAGNOSIS.
We will now direct our attention to the differences
that exist between barsati and those other morbid pro- ducts which in some measure simulate it, 'and are not in- frequently mistaken for it by those who are not skilled in the diagnosis of these diseases. The diseases with which barsati may be confounded are rodent ulcer, Delhi-boil or lupus, keloid or chakdwur,* and ich- thyosis. The important difference between barsati and the latter is their limited diffusibility as compared with |
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* The Veterinarian, March 1S85.
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92 "BAKSATl" fcHAP-
barsati. They spread slowly and only continüously into
the surrounding1 tissues, and their course is free from any generation of secondary disease in internal organs and distant tissues which characterises genuine barsati. It is this restrictedness which marks the course of all these diseases, and makes their distinction from barsati both possible and comparatively easy ; while physical differen- ces, together with a microscopical examination, should settle the decision in case of doubt. From lupus the disease is generally easily distinguishable. Lupus has seldom the hard base which always characterises a bar- sati sore. It leaves a larger scar; does not contaminate the system; and while the centre of the sore may be showing signs of repair, the circumference still spreads on. In all these features it is quite distinct from barsati. In keloid the induration is by no means so markod as jn barsati, neither is it of that inelastic character which indicates true barsati. In keloid, connectie tissue bands are deposited into wedges in the substance of the corium, and completely supplant it, which is not the case with barsati. Keloid is found generally upon some part of the trunk. Ichthyosis has its seat always on the lips, and is characterised by special clinical features. The character of the scab is no less important. It is invari- ably thick in ichthyosis ; in barsati it is usually slight. The less extent of surface usually implicated, and the absence of any intervening constitutional disorder mako it easy to distinguish ichthyosis from barsati. There is a capacity for internal disease always present in barsati that is absent in ichthyosis. In barsati the local and constitutional morbid changes intensify pari passu. Doubtless analogies are presented by comparison with |
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IV. ] OR ATROPHIC CARCINOMA. 93
the milder cases of barsati in which no constitutional
symptoms have been developed; but the comparison wonld appear erroneous beside typieal cases of that most destructive disease, which nevef fails to involve the inter- nal organs during its latter stages, as-shown by numer- ous post mortom examinations we have made. For a more detailed description of these diseases, I must refer the reader to my work on Veterinary Surgical Pathology. PATHOLOGY.
The analogy between the features of barsati and those
of human cancer naturally led to the supposition that some specific parasite may be the cause of the former as it has been lately suggested in the case of the latter. It would be rash to say that such & mode of causation is impossibie, but at present no such parasite has been demonstrated in the case of human cancer, and little or no evidence has been given pointing to the probability of there being any connection between those parasites which have been noted and the growth of cancer itself. It is exactly one of those cases in which the difference between the presence of special and accidental parasites must be clearly undorstood, for it is highly probable that micro-parasites of various species may be present in cancer sores. Adherents of the parasitic theory point to barsati being most frequent in parts to which water is often employed, and which they suppose is the medium of contagion. Water applied to the mouth, eyes, limbs, etc, may very probably have been noticed to cause the disease in liorscs owned by natives and others who use water for cleaning their animals, but under a good stablc |
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9i "BABSATl" [CHAP.
system such a practice ought not to exist, and surely
does not exist in regimental horses. Nor could such a cause be assigned for the prevalence of the disease in the case of horses belonging to the Government studs, where the use of water for cleaning purposes was strictly pro- hibited; and yet, barsati was as prevalent in these as in other horses. As regards the second reason assigned for water proving a medium of contagion for the parasites we are not aware of any clear and conclusive evidence whieh shows that barsati is inoculable, if parasites are to be looked upon as the active agents concerned in its develop- ment. Many attempts have been made during the last thirty years to produce the disease by inoculation in healthy animals, but the attempt has always been a failure. The most unsatisfactory part of the parasitio theory of barsati is that which treats of parasites as the cause of this disease, when inoculations have no effect in producing any similar disease. The main interest in this f act lies in the illustration it
affords of the similarity shown between this disease and caucer occurring in man. This view of its causation corrcsponds exactly to the germ theory of the causation of cancer, though recent experiments in Berlin had eon- firmed the observation that it was impossible by the methods at present employed to cultivate any sort of organism from cancerous tumours. Further, at a recent meeting of the Pathological Society of London, the Presi- dent, Sir James Paget, desired to state that the number of cases recorded of cancer propagated by contact was so small that it was almost coincidental. He had "never seen cancer of the tongue infect the cheek, nor cancer of the lower lip infect the upper, nor did cancer of the |
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IV.] OR ATROpHIC CARCINOMA. 95
lower eye-lid produce disease of the contiguous side of
the nest. These negative instanees predominate so immensely over the few positive cases that we are driven to conclude", says Sir James, "that the latter were mere coincidences." ■ ) There is 110 doubt but that the aetion of many so-called
pathogenic fungi, if present in barsati sores, produces a kind of inflammatory change which in many cases aggravates the actual disease process, leading to suppura- tion, abscess and other results of acute inflammation, especially noticed in susceptible animals. But amplo objections to the fungus, as a causative agent, may bo gathered from its advocates. Mr. Smith, who has lately written on the subject, states : That he has noted the presence of a fungus described by Mr. Collins in. barsati sores, which he believes is a cause of the latter. Thia is nowhere proved. Next, as to the effects of inocula- tion : That in soveral attempts at inoculation the disease could not beproduced, except in a single instance where the auimal was doubtless already the subject of that disease before the inoculation was practised. Then, as to the species of fungus concerned : Various kinds of parasitic life have been described in barsati sores, but no one kind has been shown to be universally present by any of the observers. Where so many different sorts of fungi exist to explain the causation of barsati, it seems unneeessary to imagine a fungal origin of thia disease. It is confessed further by all authorities, that all diseases, like barsati, if due to a parasite, readily occur on inoculation, especially when every opportunity has boen allowed to test the point in daily practice. Drs. Lewis and Cunningham {Report on 'Oriental
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[cHAP.
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"baksati"
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96
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Sore', or Lupus Undemicus, 1876), of Calcutta, have already
shown how, similarly, the growth of fungi in Delhi-boil may occur as the result of the tissues being stecpod in chromic acid and chromate of potash solutions. Quite recently Dr. Fenwick (Lancet, 1885), has found that in tissues hardened in a four per cent. solution of coeain, a peculair mould fungus always develops, whose presence is accidental and due entirely to the process of hardening the tissue. Parasitic organisms frequently develop also in specimens stained in carmine solutions.* Warden and Waddell ('The Non-parasitic Nature of Arbus Poison', Calcutta, 1884)have recently experiment- ed with the arbus poison. Hypodermic injections were made,mainly on cats and fowls, in order to determine whethcr a gcneral parasitic condition was necessarily asso- ciated with the toxic action of the seeds. From the general results of their expcriments the authors concludc that the presence of organisms at the seat of injection is purcly accidental, and that these develop from the air after the injection. ProfessorPonfick (Virchow's Arehiv, 1881) has demonstrated that organisms of various kinds are always present in tissues after the injection of tur. pèntine and some other chemical irritants. The appear- ance of organisms .in some cases may be ascribed to the possibly imperfect removal of them from the liquids used, or to the circumstance that, by their mechanical injury to the tissues, the power of resistance was lowered, which allowed the growth of the organisms. It is remarkable that a series of inoculation experi-
nients—scarifications and hypodermic and intravenous |
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* Brit. Mal. Journ., Juiy 18, ÏSSS,
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IV.] OR ATftÖPHIC CARCINOMA. 97
injections, coridücted by myself aa wëll as by other
Veterinary surgëons, shoiüd have been foliowed by no results, either local ör constitutional. Indeed, judged by the verdict of common experience, the disease cannot be communicated, and is therefore not contagious. If the analogy of parasitie action holds good hetgeen
cancer of man and barsati in the horse, we must assutne that in e~very instance the disease has been "caught.'' Büt experience proves this to be correct in respect of neither. Thus, Dr. Wilks says,—-"Cancer cannot be in- ocvtlated ; it does not run a dennite course ; and, indeed, has no qualities which deserve it to be considered as foreign to the organism of the body;" and all attempts hitherto made to communicate barsati to healthy animals have been attended by similar failures. Neither the human nor the equine form of the disease can be inocu- lated. I lay stress on this point, as I find observers on both sides pointingto exceptional oases of success attend- ing their inoculation experiments. It is possible that there may exist an actual diseased state of system not yet developed, and where by local irritation in the attempt to inoculate with the discharge a nidus may be formed for the actual development of the disease, but then only as any other local irritant. Allowing, therefore, for the sake of argument, that
we have found a new method of injection, which pröduces barsati growths in healthy animals, does this prove that thé parasites which have been descrïbed are the caiise of barsati growths 1 I>o we not know of connec- tive tissue corpuscles, as altered in disease, producing degen- erative changes in the tissues, and even leading in many cases to fa tal results, as sho\m by Virchow, Dr. Tilbury |
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[CHAP.
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98
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"barsatt
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Fox, and many other good authorities? Do we not
know of similar corpuscles detected by Dr. Flemming in Delhi-Boil, and whieh were also inoculable ? In the leading medioal and veterinary periodicals the
discussion on the infectiveness of cancer, and its depend- ence upon some specific organism—lately stated to be a bacillus—is more full of interest than ever, and helps only to explain the faots already known to us. Whatever may be the ultimate answer to the question of the ori-> gin of cancer, the important part played in its causation by the condition of the tissue of the part will remain unaffected. The Lancet of Dec. 3, 1887, says,—"Should a cancer
germ be demonstrated, its harmlessness, except in a suitable nidus very specially prepared for its growth, is undoubted; and the discovery will have but little influence on the views now held on the heredity of the disease and other similar poirits. Our columns have recently contained many letters on the question of the contagiousness of cancer, and no doubt the view that i* is contagious will gain somewhat from the stress now laid upon its probable infeotive nature. Where its con- tagiousness proved, that would carry with it the fact of its being an infective disease. But we must say that the evidence in favour of its being contagious is far short of proof." The Lancet of March 17, 1888, says,—"The arguments
in favour of cancer being infectious were based upon the mode of its dissemination through the body, the occurrence of cases of acute miliary cancei-, the superven- tion of cancer on chronic cutaneous irritation, and, lcss convincingly, upon the occasional occurrence of |
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99
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*r.l
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ÓR ATROPHIC OAKCINOMA.
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'cancer by contact.' At the same time, the fact that the
secondary growths reproduce the characters of the primary within tissues of wholly different nature formed a marked distinction from those infective tumours that are ascribed to the action of bactorial organisms. In tuberculosis and actinomycosis (we might add syphilis) the tumpur is composed of indifferent cells, which are homologous with the elements (conneetive tissue) in which they occur. In fact, there is no instance known of a bacterium giving rise to heteroplastic growths—i. e. composed of cells dissimilar to those oecurring at t'ae seat of infection. The cancer microbe, if such there be, must then be intimately associated with the cancer cell or its nucleus, a relation which would therein differ from what is ordinarily believed to exist botween the cell and the microbe. The problem is rendered more diffieult from the fact that hitherto cancer has never been successfully inoculated upon the lower animals. We all know how the inoculability of tubercle was proved long before the bacillus tuberculosis was discovered ; and the failure of such experimonts with respect to cancer affords additional evidence of the difference between tubercle and cancer as regards their respective degrees of infectivity. As to Scheurlen's bacillus, Dr. Senger repeated the experiments upon which that discovery was made, making numerous cultures of portions of cancerous tumours upon various media without obtaining a micro- organism which could be recognised as speciflc; he proved satisfactorily that the bacillus of Scheurlen was due to the potato upon which the culture was made." The question of the parasitic origin of barsati must
still be considered in an unproved state, the difficulties |
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100 "BARSATl" [CHAP.
in the way of investigation being great, owing to the
fact that in diseased States of the external parts of the body which are exposed to the air, parasites of various kinds are found in abundance, and it is only by the isolation of these parasites and thoir cultivation in a pure state, that an attempt can be made to judge whether they are present as the cause of the disease, or only there, as doubtless most of them are, as a result of the diseased state, affording favourable conditions for their growth. It has been saki that no fewer than half a dozen different specimens of parasites have been figured in the descrip- tions given of barsati in the past, and several observers have laid claim to have discovered a 'barsatic parasite.' Dr. Thin, of London, whose investigations niay be consi- dered reliable, and are published in the Veterinary Jour- nal of Sept., 1879, found no parasites in kankers heexam- ined from a case of barsati. The parasites rnay be ex- onerated from being the cause of barsati by the fact that they are often absent in this disease and frequently present in many simple wounds we have examined in India during the rains, and therefore may be regarded as accidental; and when inoculated on other animals, they do not produce a disease even resemHing it. It seems, therefore, in this important respect, that barsati, though showing the presence of parasites on external sores, does not follow the usual law of contagious diseases, of being contagious in the most susceptible animals. A large number of exprements have been made by me on horses, ponies and dogs, with fresh matter from barsati growths, and no results were produced. The fact therefore is shown that though, like other sores, para- sites are freely spread over a barsati surface, yet this is |
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";
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IV.] OH ATEOPHIC CARCINOMA. 101
the result of some agency which favours parasitio
development in external sores, so that the power of com- municability which, accurately speaking, should be found is not found as a matter of experience. Mr. Smith alone has succeeded,* after experiencing
raany failures,t in inoculating barsati from one animal the subject of it to another that was not. And if we review the general experience in regard to experiments in this direction concerning both cancer of man and as it occurs in the horse, we find that the results of such experience differ in respect of neither. An experiment of Professor Langenbeck was supposed to have proved that the cancerous pulp containing the cancer cells is capable of propagating cancer in man and animals on being injected into the veins, but the attempt has been frequently made by otliers withovit any result. So in regard to barsati; excepting the above instance, all other experiments by other veterinary surgeons have uniformly failed to produce the disease, although enough experiments have now been made in this direction. The fact that the disease can be induced by inoculation,
moreover, does not prove that the cause of the disease is derived from without the body, since the very cells of the body themselves, as changed in disease, can be trans- plauted from body to body and induce furunculoid and ulcerative mischief; in other words, there is nothing in the aspect of the disease itself, nor in the facts of the inoculated disease, to show that its cause is very likely to be parasitio. A direct transmission of barsati has |
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* Vcttrinary Jonrntü, 13S4.
t nul, 1879, 1881. |
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102 "BARSATI" [CHAP.
been proved impossible; and it by no means follows
that one or two exceptional successes which are recorded were entirely due to the inoculations, and were not de- veloped in the ordinary course of things, seeing that simple wounds in India so often terminate in barsati. I do not wish to say anything in discouragement of experiments, seeing that I ha^e probably tried inocula- tions on as mauy animals myself j bat individual results shonld include general results. It is also probable that constitutional predisposition, as from previous attacks of the disease, when present, may favour the success of an inoculation. We must at present explain differently the connection between such successes and the causation of the disease under consideration. We, at any rate, know that the accumulated experionce of veterinarians of thirty odd years shows that experiment in this direc- tion is by no means isolated, but is one of a series, many of which have been published in the pages of our professional journals. We may study Mr. Smith's success from two points of view, as showing the influence of constitutional tendency upon local disease processes, and the influence of local irritation upon general consti- tutional states. It is known that in a very large number of cases where simple wounds have been seen to be foliowed by barsati sores, the constitution of the animal was at fault, as shown by the history of many cases. Although the actually demonstrable lesions of this disease appear to travel from local to systemic centres, there is yet every reasonable probability tbat coustitu tional tendency, especially if favoured by climatic causes, may be the starting point of genuine barsdti. The local manifestations may be regarded as expressions of a |
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!▼•! OR ATEOPHIC CARCINOMA. 103
general dyscrasia; and an animal which from an injury
or irritation gets indubitable barsati may be held to be predisposed from causes latent in the system, which may appear healthy or even produee such results on the body as may be designated for the time "robust." In coutagious disease we think of a previous case of that
disease from which it has been derived, with a certainty. In barsati, we have neverseen a case in which we feit this certainty. Many obscrvers agree in stating that barsati sores are
very liable tö be immediately developed in the seats of abrasions, and that small sores take on in India a fungous or ulcerative character like barsati sores. Mr. Hart speaks of this as occurring commonly during the rains in connection with the wounds and galls of the horse. Mr. Armstrong* notiees the same thing. And we have only recently recorded several similar instances. The parts attacked are those most exposed to injuries or irri- tation : example, angles of the mouth, the lachrymal region, the prepuce, inner aspect of the fetlocks, &c. Thus, the continued irritation of tears over the lachrymal surface, or of secretions within the prepuce, or of the bit against the angles of the mouth of the horse, has been observed to be foliowed by the occurrence of barsati in these parts in such a number of cases as to justify tho inference that it has been the starting point of the disease. We have seen that during the rains a barsati sore
generally becomes greatly aggravated and does not heal up under ordinary dressings. We recognise that wet * Proceedings of Veterinary Medical Associatiun, June, 26,
1838, p. 287. |
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104 "BARSATl" [cHAP.
weather favours the growth and increases the malignancy
of a barsati sore, hut we know that the progress of a simple sore is influenced in likemanner during such weather. The opinion I venture to express is that this rlisturbing factor is dampness of the air, cansing tissue metamorphosis and interference with the reparative process. Excess of moisture present in the air makes the protoplasm of the ccll elements swell up, and ultimate- ly become disintegraded. If. this be so, we may infer that, wherc the influence of the healing process in simplo wonnds is upsetbv local causes, structural changes in a barsati sore may be presumod to follow on the prineiplo that the growth of an organic diseaso is similarly promoted by exposure to an atmosphere of opposed conditions. Thus it will be seen that so far as influence of season is concemed, aggravation of a barsati sore in the rains may be viewed as a result of moisture that has led to very appreciable structural or organic alteration. It appears to me incorrect, therefore, to refer this disease to parasitic action, as has hitherto been tradi- tionally done. Any change in the nomenclature of disease which is made without due consideration of facts of clinical medicine and pathology must surely hiuder acouracy in diagnosis, and is therefore to be deprecated. We must combine in our study of this disease experi- mental and clinical research to explain its pathology, and define the proper course to be adopted in its treatment. In this way may be added much to our knowledge of the disease. During recent years greater liberty is taken in the parasitic theory of barsati but the charac- tcristics of the disease itsolf have been entirely overlook- ed. No fact in modern voterinary litcrature is more |
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IV.] OË ATROPHIC CARClNOMA. 103
reïnarkablé than the absence of all mention of the other1
departments in the history of disease. The present tendency is, perhaps, to exaggerate the influence of microbes, to take effeets for causes, and ascribe to their ageucy almost every disease. The state of the tissue of the part itself is, unfortunartely, not éxplained; but we may regard it as proved thati a barsati growth is made up of the elements of the part, having undergonë changes in their character; and that thë living animal is an aggregate of living particles or cells, each of which is lïable to changes in ita character depending upbn changes occurring in the parent organism; and we may further assume that as the constitution of the parent organism is disturbed, it is shared by the tissues, and manifëstëd under local irritation, formihg imperfect states, and being thus convërted from a healthy to a disease condition. This change we may fairly impute to irritation, especially when we consider that barsati is remarkably eomfflon in parts liable to irritation. It causes unusual prolifera- tion, with consequences dependent on greatër or les3 perfection of the process of nutrition. Some of the cells of the body retain their natural characteristics; others, however, change their nature altogether, their structure and mode of growth alter, and thèy glve origin to abnór^ mal tissue—e. g. cancer, sarcoma, and other] growths. Uskoff, Ponfick, Dra. Burdon Sandersón, Béale, Bënnett and others many years ago rejected an exclusively vegetable theory of morbid processes, which has not been controverted, and the idea of many normal cells capable of mödificatión into thé vafious forhis of diséasé prödue- ifig particles, cotnniends itself at once as a view likeïy to réCOBèite many drflferënces, andbe acceptable to practical |
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106 "BARSATl" [CHAP.
as well as iuductive physiologists, patliologists and
clinicians. The teachings of Huxley, "Virohow, Uskoff and other3
show that the theory of susceptibility and phlogogenoua action of cell upon cell is not all nonsense; it is only out of fashion, because many, at the present time, know of no "infective" process other than that by germs and fungi. Dr. Wilks writes, "It is now known that a variety of morbid growths may be produced in the tissues, and that between the one which is styled cancer and that which is identical with healthy material, all grades may exist. They are but modifications of normal tissues, show only altered nutrition, and can by no means be regarded as foreign to the system." Dr. Beale writes, "When the germinal matter of the
epithelial cells of certain mucous membranes, or that of other tissues of the body, or the germinal matter of the white corpuscles, lives faster than in health, in conse- quence of being supplied with an undue proportion of mutrient material, it grows and multiplies to an enor- mous extent. Many epithelial formations exhibit much the same changes in disease, and the gradual transition from the healthy and the morbid state is beautifully illustrated. Nay, we may almost conceive that it is by unremitting continuance of this very process, combined with irregularity in the rate of multiplication of conti- guous particles, that the remarkable pathological forma- tion—epithelial cancer—results." Walshe, after giving his view of the enlargement of a
cancerous tumour, says, "Microscopical examination has shown that some primary cells contain within them the nuclei of a second generation of bodies similar |
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ÏV.] OE ATËOPHIC CARCINOMA. 107
to themselves, which are in their turn gifted with a
similar procreative faculty. Colloid caricer exemplifies this condition of encasement. The mode of enlargement here is manifestly endogenous—a single cell may be regarded as the possible embryo of an entire tumour. In the endogenous system of growth the primary generation of cells appoars to be all important, in fact to involve the subsequent and gradual production of a tumour, beeause they contain within them the elements of developraent ad infinitum. But there is another condition necessary, and this is the direct supply of blastema for the nourishment of the rapidly germinating cells. If this supply from the parent organism be cut off, germination must eease on the axiom, ex nihilo nihil fit. This is the capital faet lost sight of by those who style cancer a fungus endowed with independent life." Professor Huxley says, "It is only in pathology that
we find any approximation to true zenogenesis (tho generation of something foreign). From such innocent productions as corns and warts there are all gradations to more serious tumours, and in the terrible structures known as cancers the new growth has acquired powers of reproduction and multiplication." The anatomical elements of cancer are known to
have no special and peculiar characteristics, and they are believed to be as easily derivable from pre-existing tissues as are other morbid growths. There is one important group of diseases requiring
careful inquiry in veterinary pathology, namely malig- nant growths. To study such conditions as cancer, sarcoma, etc, as they occur in animals, and compare |
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[CHAP,
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"barsati"
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108
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them with the corresponding diseases in man, and then
demonstrate the ideiitity by close observation, is the highest class of work in pathology, and the work of the future. Indeed, the careful observations of the oom- parative pathologist have shown up diseases of animals as a new and attractive field of research. Able authori- ties have repeatedly shown that the lower animal was liable to suffer from every form of malignant growth seen in man. The essential object of future investiga- tors is to detertnine the" importance of a comparative study of this disease in all its phases. With increased experience this line of inquiry will doubtless be encour- aged ; still it is satisfactory to learn from the writings of leading medical men a direct advocacy of the compar- ative study of disease. THKATMENT.
Many observers exalt special remedies in the treatment
of barsati, and as usual, each produces a list of cures in favour of his favourite application. Further evidence of the difficulty of settling this point is afforded by general experience, which disproves the utility of these cures, and shows that their benefits have been overesti- mated. It is now proved that it is impossible to influ- ence the course of barsati by recourse to any number of acknowledged parasiticides which have been recommend- ed; and I have myself tried, in numerous cases, local applications of caustic potash, nitrate of silver, chloride of zine, chlorate of potash,* sulphate of copper, of iron * Seri, Min. WoeliermhHft, No. 6, 1873.
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\
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iV.j OE ATKOPHIC CARCINOMA. 109
and zinc, salicylate of soda, salicylic,* nitric, sulphuric,
acetic and oarbolic acids, myrrh, aloes, camphor, alum, sulphur, &c, without effect. Iodirie and sulphuroüa acid injections have been latterly triod by me in many private cases, with equally useless results. Mr. T. Marriott, a, v. d., speaks very highly of the results of treatment by iodoform. Very extensive barsati growths c-n the fetlocks and lower lip and angles of the mouth have been gradually destroyed by caustics foliowed by iodoform drcssings, and a healthy cicatrix has been obtained. How long an immunity from this disease has been secured, it wöuld be difficult to say; but at any rate it is a eonsiderable gain to have óvercome, even for a time, the unsightly and ever-increasing out-growth, and to have thüs early relieved the animal from pain, and returned him to duty. Calomel and biniodidè of mercury were largely employed In the Government studs some years ago, bilt with no better results than any of the above-mentioned. Carbolic acid, when well diluted, has the effect of cleaning the surface ; but when in strong solution, undoubtedly aggravates the growth in many cases. For the purpose of removing discharges from the surface, and keeping the sore free from smell, I neyer employ a stronger solution than 1 part in 20 parts of water, for the reasons above stated. lts efücacy, however, is no greater than that of most other agénts in common employment. Mr. John Henry Steel, a. v. d., recommends the iodide of arsenic oihtment (1-6J as a useful application, to caüse a slough. The use of the actual cautery and of the knife is in every' case eonti-a- |
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* Wicn. Med, Wochcnsohrift, No. 24, 1883.
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110 "BARSATl" [CHAP.
indicated, as it generally increases the activity of the
growth. Thus we have tried every remedy, and during every stage of this disease, with the same negati-ve results. At the risk of appearing tautological I would add one other remark upon these operations by the knife, aotual eautery and caustic agents. "Be quite sure that you remove all the induration, or you will do misohief instead of good<" I might give a long list of "successful cases," such as are frequently recorded in the veterinary journals ; but as I know from experience such cases have returned for treatraent after they had been passed as "cured," I set no value on such temporary successes, and look upon them as mere compromises, which advancing knowledge will enable practitioners to discard, for a more radical and permanently successful treatment. So long as we continue to look upon barsati as a mere local disease, so long shall we fail to effect more than a tem- porary recovery. Where barsati is indolent, it is wise not to attempt
Hs removal by the knife or by any caustic applications. Such indolence or arrested growth in an external sora is sometimes coincident with its internal development. Inspecting veterinary-surgeon Oliphant says,—" The state of the system existing in barsati is not such as indicates the use of the knife." Dr. Walshe, after condemnipg operation for the relief of human cancer, quotes Dr. Macfarlane, who "could adduce the case of several patients who had laboured under cancer for ten, fifteen, and twenty years, who were cut off in three or four months by an operation." Pari Passu with the advance of the external sore
I have noticed defects produced in the constitution of |
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IV.] OE ATEOPHIO CARCINOMA. 111
the animal, which should be early supported by appro-
priate medicinal remedies. The results of this combined treatment will be generally found to be more satisfactory, although how long an immnnity from this disease may thus be secured in all cases I am unable to say, hut at any rate it is found to be a cohsiderable improvement on the local treatment only, and affords better hope of restoring the patiënt to work and keeping him out of sick-lines long after others have been admitted with a locally recurrent disease of aggravated character. I know from early experience that it is no good " patching up" a case and returning to duty, which comes back in a few months \Vith considerable constitutional disturbance. I know of no specific remedies that will averfc the constitutional derangement, but would recommend the system to be supported on general principles by the administration of both vegetable and mineral tonics, but especially by iron and arsenic in large doses. Any of the preparations of phosphorus might also prove useful. The influenee of phosphorus and arsenic on the general nutrition is analogous to their influenee on the nutrition of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which is seen in the case of many skin affections. Our search for agents to neutralise and destroy this
disease in its local aspeots should lie in the direction of those which shut it up, or encase it, is it were, by hardening its cells. The subcutaneous injection of medicines promises the most likely means of doing this. The best agent which will effect this is chromic acid, which in the field of the microscope is seen, even in a solution as dilute as one part in a thousand of water, rapidly to define, as ff dissecting out the delicate cells, |
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CHAP.]
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"BARSATl"
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112
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hardening and enclosing the nuclei, closing tip their
walls, and so preventing the diffusion of their contents. Professor Billroth's use of this agent as subcutaneous injection in lymphoma of the human subject, giveS encouragement to tlie trial of the same in equine barsati. Professor Trinchera,* of the Naples Veterinary School, believes he has cured cancer of the penis and scrotum in the carnivora, by early operation, the wound being dressed with chlorate of potash. Malthe recommends combining iodoform with nitrate of silver as a caustic and healing application in all chronic ulcers. The ulcer^ ated surface is sprinkled with iodoform, on which the nitrate of silver is next applied, and on this again iodoform. A brisk effervescence of nitrous acid and insoluble iodine and chloride of silver results. This may be emplóyed with much benefit in barst\ti ulcera- tion of not long duration, and Where the subcutaneous tissues have not been deeply implicated. The above remedies have been prescribed by me in
many cases with good results, where constitutional disease was not already far advanced. No one remedy can be éxpected to produce a cure, and this alone illus- trates the absurdity of the dogma, that any "specific" can eradicate a general 'disëase by treating its local manifestations only. I have given the above summary with the view of
furnishing a general experieiice in regard to results of different modes of treatment in different cases. Most of the remedies mentioned have been tried by me as well * Giornale delle razze degli Animale ütili e diMed. Veterinarw'
1875. |
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1*1
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113
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OR ATROPHIC CARCINOMA.
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as otlier practitioners, in the treatment of this disease. I
have, however, to say something further of certain preventives which have not been described before, and which come under the flrst category in the preceding summary. Those cases in which the sore has apparently been of short duration may be much benefited by a change of climate to the hills. Those in which the constitution is severely involved may derive temporary benefit by a similar change. But in some cases the result is disappointment: the" local disease persists and grows in spite of all treatment, and sometimes fresh ulceration takes place in an already healed cicatrix, so that the treatment of barsati must be considered only palliative in kind. When the disease has been suppressed by the abovenamed means a relapse is rendered less certain if the animal is kopt on a strictly starchy diet. It would appear that high feeding and higher organ- ization is, in a measure unfavourable to reparative work. We can quite conceive that the steady, regular processes upon which it depends are less likely to proceed in an orderly and uninterrupted manner under condi- tions of high excitability, where stimulus easily engenders disorder, than under lower functional activity and less susceptible circumstances. Herein, possibly—namely in the greater excitability of their tissues—may be found an explanation of the reasons why cancer changes should be as a rule more pronounced in highly-fed animals, as the carnivora, than in herbivorous animals, and of which it is practically important that we should take due account. PROGNÖSIS.
In giving a prognosis we labour under a vory great
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114
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CHAP.]
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"bahsati"
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disadvantage, since we do not generally know when tlie
disease eommenced, because our patients cannot speak, and their owners frequently cannot assist us. This ia singularly unfortunate, as it compels us to consider cases in rolation to the possible local gravity measurod merely from apparent symptoms, which is a much less satisfactory guide than the date 'of first attack, for the duration of cases is of the utmost importance in questions of prognosis, I am in the habit of saymg, if an animal is brought
before me with a barsati sore, and there be no history of recurrence, that the oase will bo relieved early; if there be the history of a sinj>le recurrence, less early ; ïf of many, and presenting constitutional changes, never. This is not sufficiently insisted on by veteiïnary-surgeons xn giving opinions on cases of barsati; recovery usually takes place readily under good treatment, and the case is probably ' discharged "cured" in the books, but the veterinarian rarely has the opportunity of knowing how long or how short is the immunity from disease he has conferred on his patiënt. Haviug had the opportunity of watching the progress of several cases of this kind for two, and in some instances three years, I think I am justified in giving always a guarded opinion from the commencement of this disease, owing to the difficulty of foretelling the probable course of each case. Although re-appearance of barsati is the rule, it does not follow that suoh is the invariable result, for we find in practice a number of cases in which the animals were f ree from the disease for two years, and in some for a longer term, without a single unfavourable symptom. Occasionally recurrence has been attributed to the animal biting an |
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K]
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115
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OE ATROPHIC CARCIÏTOMA.
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old barsati cicatrix. There is every röason to believe
that recurrence is a pretty constant feature of the disease. Absorbed into the system the cancer clements become increasingly accumulated, and with the accumulations the proportionate liabilities to local recurrence. Their histories run parallel. And though the question of early and thorough removal of local disease to preserve the patiënt from recurrence is important, it is obvious that 110 proof of its ütility can be given, since veterinarians rarely have an opportunity of witnessing many cases of this disease in its early stages, the majority of animals being brought for treatment in ft recurrent state, ïherc is generally very little to be done in the way of curative treatment when once the animal lias entered on this stage of chronic barsati; but so long as he can be kept at work without suffering obvious pain, it is always worth while to persist in the use of both internal remedies and local applications; a rather free use of the remedies afore-named is advisablë. I do not say that such cases will be "cured," with absolute immunity for the future, but the relief afforded may be sufficiënt to allow the animal to be worked for a much longer term, and with greater certainty than when left to chance without any treatment. Albeit, it is never safe to allow these remedies to be used in unskilled hands, because their too free use seems often to liasten the progress of the disease. As soon as local disease has subsided, one must still direct his attention to the removal of the disease from the system ; for barsati is not one of those diseases the elimination of which we can assist by local applications only. I have patched up many cases of barsati, in the main by local applications. For instance, |
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CIIAP.]
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"baiisati"
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116
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in those subjeets where the disease was of short duratio»,
slow of growth, and where the general systom was not affected. It is quite true that some cases require more energetic treatment than others. but there are very few horses whose condition does not begin to suffer, if they are not treated early in the local stage of this disease. The eauses of derangemonts of the wind from which
horses so frequently suffer are so numerous that their owners pay no attention to them, and it may happen also that barsati of the lungs shall attain a vory advanced stage without any prominent symptoms to cause its presenoe to be suspeeted. There are, in fact, strong, "vigorous" horses, appearing to possess all the features of perfect health, and performing their daily amount of work,—whether in the saddle or in harness,—with apparent ease, in which barsati has taken deep root, and in which tracts of the lungs are couverted into mere fibroid tissue, and studded with numerous kankers, in which all power of respiration has ceased. We have seen several cases of this kind, aud recorded some, of which examinations were made post mortem, in the Veterinarian. In our prognosis we have clearly to consider, then,
whether, in many cases, there has not been barsati occurring at a period anterior to our examination, the history of which may or may not be forthcoming in every case. I cannot call to mind a single instance of extensive local disease without some evidence of the inter- nal organs having been invaded as well. But the patiënt is very often restored to such a degree of apparent good health, and so far relieved from external disease tor a time, that the owner is satisfied with the result, and neglects any further treatment, until a fresh |
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tv.] Oft ATEOPHIC CAECINOMA. 11?
recurrence takes place. By these means we have not
thoroughly cured the patiënt, but have only given temporary relief, and the disease may at any time return. We cannot always reckon upon such opportunities as were afibrded in the case of stallions kept permanently in the studsj or in that of horses having history sheets, as in the service; and, in the absence of that knowledge, our prognosis must rest partly upon the history of the case furnished by the owner, but chiefly upon the results of our own examination of the patiënt. We are not assured that barsati is hereditary in its
character. Oolonel McDougal, Superintendent of central Government studs, tried to show from statistics that it was so. A safe practical conclusion to arrive at is, that all stallions which have suffered from this disease, although temporarily recovered from it, should be castrat- ed, and brood mares similarly affected be disposed of by auction sale : they should not be retained for breed- ing purposes. |
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CHAÊTEll V.
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"KriOOJLEE;" OB, TROPIOAL PITYBIASIS;
In no department has veterinary progress been showri
inore conspicuously than in what is usually termed Cütaneous Pathology. This has undergone a complete revolution in England, on the continent especially, and in India to some extent, durihg the last few years. Thé experience of recent years has caused an entire change in the ideas regarding treatment which was formerly 1'ecommended in this class of cases, In the ages when mysticism in its varied forms prevailed; although wö flnd glimpses of the knowledge that Nature herself was generally expected to do all that was necessary, no practitioners were bold enough to hazard their reputa- tion by acting up to this belief, but almost invariably resorted to some application and favouritB internal remedy to give it due effect* To the German practi. tioners in a great measure is düe the credit of having broken through these bonds, and raising the study of skin diseases in animals, and paving the way for modern improrements in their treatment, on a level with the other branches of medicine. |
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119
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"khoojlee"
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cöaa
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From the earliest times the above disease has been
describod as an enzootic affection, and internal remedies were prcscribed. Spinola and other writers considered the cause to be some constitutional defect. Haubner attributed it to digestive derangements, and others again thought it was due to the itch-scab. Recently Haselbach has observed it in ten per cent. of the whole of the Polish horses, and he regards it as a special affec- tion of the hair, attended by an adhesive discharge. Formerly, a false and a true variety were described, which led to great confusion. "It is proved conclusively," say Professors Friedberger and Fröhner "to owe its origin simply to penetration of dirt, grit, lice, etc, into the hair-roots," The disease, although long recognised in the human
subject, has only recently attracted notice in the lower animals, and does not find a place in the new nomencla- ture of diseases issued for guidance of ve,terinary officers in India. Since my observations were published in my Aimual Veterinary Report of 1883, and the Yeterinary Journal, 1884, yeterinary surgeons have described this affectipn as more or less prevalent throughout India, but especially during the hot weather, when the function pf the skin is found to be normally active and in a manner predisposed to disease. It has npt, I think, been settled whether the terra
khoojlee is, or is »pt, properly defined; but we under stand that there is no restriction here : it is used in a general sense, and applies to every form of skin disease which is attended with itching. If this is the case, it ia a lamentable illustration of the urgent need for more precisedefinitionsinthis direction, aadfortheincprporatiori |
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i20
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Ofe TfeOPICAI. PITYRIASIS.
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tion in the new nomenclature of diseases of the lower
animals of a stringent rule requiring that all our diseases
of the skin shall be properly designated, and their
characteristios clearly differentiated. It is not now
desired to enter into a consideration of all the diseases.
of the skin in which khoojlee is a sjmptom : the disease
under consideration goes by that name. In this chapter,
we will invite our readers' attention to the subject of
tropical pityriasis, or so-called "khoojlee" of the horse.
In practice veterinary oificers have sometimes to rely on
the nomenclature suggested by salootries and others in
India, but the natives are not accustomed to name
diseases according to scientific principles, and are thus
not quite at home with Europeans as instructors in
native disease.
Some veterinarians appear to be stirred over the ques-
tion of a proper name for this, the most prevalent form of skin disease afFecting the horse in India. The necessity for such a name will be apparent; but some are exercised over the special designation, preferring the term "eczema" to pityriasis suggested by ourselves. I need not, therefore, re-state my reasons for considering this disease to be quite distinct from eczema, except that a prevalent use of this term "eczema" in England gives it special importance, where the occurrence of pityriasis appears to be infrequent, if not rare in the horse. It js possible that India is a special habitat of the
disease, and especially so in the hot weather, when the function of the skin is normally aetive, which sometimes causes the disease to assume an enzootic form. It is moreover important to note that this discase is chiefly |
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121 "KHOOJLEe" CHAt>.]
confined to the more hairy parts, or parts fairly covered
by hair; for instanee, it never spreads to the tmder surface of the tail, althouglï it attacks every other portion of it suppliecl with long hair. The disease, moreover, originates in small papules, the cutiolo covering which dies from insufficiënt nutriment and desquamates in small, bran-like scales, and is attended with heat and corisiderable itching. There is no dis- charge present in this disease, "nor vesicatiön as in eczema. Röll says,—"In this skin disease the epidermis peals off in small scales like those of bran. The disease attacks the horse principally on the head, on thé sides of the neck, along the course of the marie and root of tail, but occasionally all over the body. In cattle it attacks the whole surface of the body, and leads to changes in the structure of the skin." From excessive rubbing, for the parts attacked are particularly itchy, the exudation of ^seram, or of pus-like fhrid may take place on the surface of the skin, which, though not a special feature of the disease, is a frequent accompaniment of it, and is one reason why the disease has been so often mistaken for eczema. Pityriasis, moreover, selects for its attack the parts covered with longest hair, even in man (Tanner's Praclice of Medicine, art. "Skin Disease"), which is what might be written in regard to the disease seen in the horse, and to which the common designation of 'mane-and-tail disease' has been given, owing to the mane and tail being the parts most commonly affected. Again, the exudation may cause the scales to adhere together, forming larger scales; hence the liability of the disease, in its latter stages, to be mistaken for psoriasis, from which it is distinct. |
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122
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5e trophical pityriasis.
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STMPTOMS.
Small papules are noticed to develop theinselves along
the crest and about the root of the tail, on its dorsal aspect, and in due course free desquamation of the cuticle ensues about each papule, from which minute» white scales are regularly shed; and we have thus eventually produced a surface of renewed desquamation, attended by fresh developments and increasing irritation, with its results : extension of the process into the corium and subcutaiiéoüs coiinective tissue, which are sometimes also implicated, öwing to seüondary inflammation. The latter is oiily a complication, however, aiid furïrishes no clue to the solution of the true pathological change found set up, which is, in its inceptiön, distinctly superficial in character and amenable to proper treatment. A prominent, and not the least troublesome feature of the disease is prurigo, which causes the subjects of it to rub themselves violently against adjacent articles, pro- ducing secondary symptoms of inflammation,—heat, pain, swelling, abscess, and sometimes also permanent indura- tion of the skin. The crüsts, which are at first small, scaly, and transparent, become, during the latter stages of the disease, larger, more opaque, and even adherent from admixture with inflammatory products. The hair also becoming involved and matted together, soon fall off, which is especially noticeable along the course of the mane and tail, in the latter situation producing the condition commonly known as 'rat's tail.' Owing to the presence of long hair about these parts, the disease frequently escapes detection in the early stages, it being seldom noticed uutil, through rubbing, changes in the |
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CHAP.]-
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"KHOOJJtEü"
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123
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hair-papillse and hair take place. The lattér becomes at
first thinner, curly looking, and, owing to its thinness and irregularity, allows more freely of the passage of di-rt and filth of all kinds, which gives rise to iniamma- tory changes leading to depilation of the hair, and sclerosiss ete. Where the disease has become chronic, the hair generally assumesa coarse appearanee. RESULTS.
I have seen so raany cases of this disease each summer
foa? several years, that I feel warranted in giving a, strong opinion that any treatment to be useful should be ea.rly applied, otherwise the disease tends to assume a chronic type, and will tben prove rather troublesome : sclerosis of the skin and snbjacent connective tissue may follow as a remote termination, and more particularly perma- nent induration of the crest, which is often produced as a result of certain heroic methóds of treatment iu vogue, and in a certain percentage of cases proves at least of diagnostic value and hevalds an attack of the disorder in the following year. 2. One of the results of its action on the hair is evidenced in an undue coarseness of that appendage, which Js speoially cbaracteristic of this disease. 3. Another remote, though not infrequent result is an apparent greyness of the hair noticeable in small spots along the course of the affected skin. These latter changes are, we have seen, depende-nt on inflammatio», causing irritation of the hair-bulbs. 4. It cannot be too strongly urged that recurrence in many cases also depends, to a very large extent indeed, upoH how they were first dealt with. |
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m
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124
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OR TEOPiCAt f ITTRIASIS.
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6. In soölê cases the disease spfëadé all over the
body, and leads to gfeat eiüaciaWöö-. * OABBES-
Climate acts as a direct ëxcitihg and predispösing
cnuse, as in the hot weathéf in India when the kidneys are inactive and the skin suffers frotn hyperserhia due to compensatory actioh. It is clear that climate has amore of less direct influéncë upoh thé pfevalence óf this disease, which appéafs only duriiig the hot weathef and rarely in the winter, and is pfactically unkiiówn or irifrequent in colder climatés, as in England, where vetërinary snrgeons seldom witness it, at least as a prevalent disease in the horse. It is not sUrprising, seeihg that the hot weather is a predispösing caüse of skin disease in India, to find that a niücb larger propoftion, if not all of the horses are attacked düririg the Slimmer ; and it may be here noted that the special liability of horses to be affect- ed by skin disease in India is not fóund to obtain in othef parts of the world, and must be due to local causes. 2. A consideration of the locality of the disease brings
forth Sörne facts which may become of some practical importance. lil nlore than half the cases we have seen the worst were those we met with on the plains, and more cömmonly in a hot station than in any other. Again, in only a small propoftion of the cases seen in cooler stations, in hilly districts, was the disease severe, or the ratio of simple to aggravated cases was about ten to one. A similar resul t has been noted by others. I have
carefully oxamined the register of sick animals at several |
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CHAP.]
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"khoojlee"
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125
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stations in India, and found hot stations were those in
which the largest number of admissions were noted frora this disease. 3. .Natural dampness of the air, as during the rains in
India, which causes maoeration of the epidermis and affects normal secretion of the skin. 4. Local irritation connected with improper grooming,
collection of dirt, of lice and ticks, etc. 5. Constitutionaltendency.—The liability to the disease
in previous jears promotes the tendenoy to it, and in such animals the disease may be said to be constitutional. In many cases the animals suffer from a state of disease which is truly chronic, as shown by the veterinary history sheets. 6. Defeotive action of the correlated organs, leading
to hypersemia of the skin : hence over-feoding, excess of water taken during the hot weather, etc, throw extra work on the skin and lead to disease. 7. High feeding.—The question of high feeding as
a cause of disease is not only intercsting but impor- tant. I will only remark upon it that the greatei11 the amount of nitrogenous food given to animals, and the greater the work thrown upon the eliminatory organs, the greater the liability to disease. If the function of the kidneys, etc., lias to be taken up by the skin during the hot weather in India, high feeding only increases liability to disease, and precautious should be taken for its prevention. PATIIOLOGICAL ANATOMY.
The disease, in its origin, is superficial, and seldom or
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>i] OR TROPICAL PITYRIASIS. 126
never implicates the cutis vera deeply, until the parts
are rubbed by the animal in consequence of extreme
prurigo, when subcutaneous effusions and other inflam-
matory lesions leading to various changes in the struc-
ture of the skin, develop as a secondary process, but
quite distinct from the primary disease—changes in and
around the hair follicles, such as have been described by
Dr. George Thin,* of London, and notedby us in several
cases we have examined, may then be detected, together
with other changes associated with the derma, leading
to depilation of the hair, to sclerosis, etc, which may be
seen commonly characterising the latter stages of the
affection. But, in order to arrive lat its correct pathology
examinations should be made of the skin, more especially
in an early stage of the disease, so as to recoguise the
specific lesions, which, so far as my own examinations
lead me to say, consist mainly in cell proliferation con-
fined principally to the deeper layers of the epidermis.
This proliferation is doubtless a result of some constitu-
tional irritation, which explains the consequent desquam-
ation and shedding of the cuticle in small scales, due
to improper nutrition, and which is so important a feature
in this disease. When the parts are violently rubbed
by the animal, or if irritant dressings have been used,
then changes in structure may be detected in any part
of the skin on microscopical examination; thus, changes
in the corium, in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands,
and in the subcutaneous connective tissue take place as
the result of irritation, and may be characterised as
hypertrophic. The disease examined generally shows
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* The Vctcrinary Journal, July, 1879, y. 55.
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12? "ÊHOÖJLEfe" CHAPi]
in tM Md of öbservation epitheliai öells, frbfils, granulaf
partiele» öf pigment, besides fuiigi, tissue shreds and inflammatory products developed in the proeéss of sêcondafy inflammation. The Oerman Veterinary sur- geöns* have long recognised, and Mr. Itenry Tryon,f naturalist and micfoscopist, Brisbane, has lately nötéd the pfcsöncë in this disease, of an exceedinyly minute fiingtis, which ööeurS in immense numbers in the cetls óf the cutiele hair follicles. I't is not known positively whether this disease is actually caused by the fuiigus, or by tissue change (See article on 'Vegetablc Parasitic Skin Diseasés,' Veterinarittn, Feb., 1888), sineo various species of micro-organisms have been no\v isolated from the epidermis of thé nórmal skin, büt it is not settled whether iii their distributiori and in their action they bear ahy definite relation to the morbid process. We may conclude that to thosö several species of parasites alfeady known tö exist in the epidermis, anöther species has been added. TIÏËATMENT.
Pityfiasis in the hoi'sö would seem a Comparatively
trivial ailment in Éngland, which under ordinary cir- cufnstances soou gets well, but in the sanie class of patients out in India it sets up a disease of skin which ahnest defies treatment for several nioiiths in the year. Those who are engaged in the study of diseasés of the skin in our animals in India will have come across cases of this disease which remain uni-elieved, or at any rate |
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• Lihrhuehdtr Patholiigü 11. Tkinqne der Ilansthhrr, lïiill.
t The r,hri)ifiriun, June, 188S. |
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V.] OH TROPICAL PITYIUASIS. 128
uncured, by any looal application, but which readily
recover by the internal administration of remedies and, as I have found, local blistering over the kidneys. In the treatment of chronic cases I have found nothing to equal the value of local blistering over the region of the kidneys. This treatment has been foliowed by rapid rccovery in several cases, when all local applications to the skin, and the internal administration of medicines had failed. It probably acts in two ways, viz., first, by rousing the kidneys to increased action, promoting diuresis aud relieving hyperaemia of the skin; and, secondly, by directly stimulating the nervöus system through its action on the spinal oord, and the good effects produced on the skin may be purely of neurotic origin. I do not consider it necessary or prudent to have recourse to blistering in every case of skin disease as a routine treatment, but adopt it in neglected and chronic cases only. Combined with local blistering over the kidneys, the
internal administration of strophanthus in chronic affec- tion of the skin of the horse proves very useful, because, as a diuretic, it is probably second to no other agent with which we are acquainted in practice, or which is more rapid in its action than strophanthus given in the form of tincture in repeated doses. Among the local applications employed in the treat-
ment of this disease, I may mention those of petroleum and cheerpine oil, which have proved most efficaceous in my hands; and, in a minor degree, kerosine oil. We may be quite sure that the good effects produced by these agents are dependent upon some product of tar present iii them, which is so ben,eficial in skin disease in general. |
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m
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cnAP.'J
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"Shoojlek"
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A ^arS»l"cnre is often effected by the loeal applica-
tiösfe <©ï *fi«ny faVouTTte remedies employed m rotation ; by th<*ö«gh *lesnsing 'of the skin with Soap-nut< [reetdJt), of •*#?& séft *öoap afld water every other day; and by fceeping the animal on Ibw diet. None of these, however, can^domore than mitigate the trouble; and the probable ïll-ëffeéts oï-siicti haphazard treatment, and the danger thus iiwtfi'rëd % 'propof ttönately enhanced by the fact that mariy of the bitter cases of 'previous years, nnder 'this tfeatsment, are practically apt to suffer from a state of diséasè which may be designated as chronic, if not mcurable. 'Sbme'përsbns'believe that, with the advent óf the cold
season,: these cases get well of themselves and without 'treatmmit. TMt 'tliis 'is au error, anti the source of 'reoürrerkee ah'd noii'recovéries innümerable. ïf we «x&minè-'ib.e véterinary 'histöry ;sheets bf horses which bave been affected, we will find that recurrence is the ruie; and'expefièneelèhows it-is much rnörepronounced 'fa *asês-where eafly treatment 'has been neglected. That Mkïres will "attênd our best enxteavours at treating •Idis'Öése wereadily admit, for We eannot expect to'find %-uehWthing as an unalloyed blessing, and thus there are Jéilures uridèr this motie öf treatment, which in some cases arise from'the ownbrs''fault, who permit the diöëaSe1 to nin On to "an adrariced Stage, in which it is •fio 'severe and sometimbs so intraetable. I need not dweil On the importance óf early treatment in so-called 'Mvial'cases, to nip in the bud an incipient disease, as •Hnless this is done, ït will probably spread to the head and 'öther pat'ts óf the body.and may then last for months' :The genèral indicJttion for treatment in all the cases
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V.] OR TROPICAL PITYRIASIS. 130
of pityriasis, acute and chronic, is to assist the skin as
much as possible, by making the correlated organs—the kidneys, lungs, and intestines—do full work in elimina- tion, and thus, aided by appropriate agents, as loeal applications of tar, etc., to relieve hypersemia of the skin. LITERATURE.
SpiNola, Speoiellen Pathologie, 1863.
Bürke, Annual Veterinary Report, 1883. Haselbach, Zeitschrift f. Microtcopie u. Fleischbesehan, 1884. Bürke, Veterinary Journal, July, 1884. Art. Pityriasia. Adams, Quarterly Journal of Veterinary Science in India, July, 1884. Art. Skin diseaae of horsea in India—Eczema. Rörx, Zehrbuch der Pathologie u. Therapie der Hausthiere, 1885. Art. Pityriasia.
Burke, T/te Veterinarian, June, 1885. Art. Pityriasia. Friedberger u. Frohner, Ijehrbuch der Speoiellen Patho- logie u. Therapie, 1886. Art. Pityriasis. Stanley, The Yeterinarian, June, 1888. Art. Prurigo. Adams, Veterinary Journal, July, 1888. Art. Pityriasia. Bürke, Veterinary Journal, August, 1888, Art. Pityriasia. |
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CHAPTER Vï.
"kenchüli;" oh, pitybiasis bubra,
I do not exaggerate when I say that the animals
suffering from this disease are found covered from head to föot by One mass of scales, having the appearance óf a 'crocodile's coat.' The disease begins in hypersemia and desquamation of the cuticle, notably over the region of the back and thoracic walls, thence rapidly sdreads in all directions, till the eritire body, even to the skin of the coronets, is finally invaded, leaving perhaps a small patch of skin under the abdomen and that between the thighs unattacked. Thé cuticle, along with the hair and inflammatory débris, comes away in large scales, probably as large as any we have noticed on the back of the largest kind of fish, and which they somewhat resenible. The main feature of the disease is intense surface heat, foliowed by recurring desquamation. The presence of the heat, then, and notably the character of the scales, when these begin to come off, are diagnostic of this affection in the horse. Notwith- standing the large extent of surface usually implicated |
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132 "KENÖHÜLl" OHAP.]
in this disease, it seldom or never, in my experience of
this class of cases, proceeds to the extent of causing disease clianges in the corium or still deeper tissues, but always confines itself to the epi-skin only. There is no thickening or induration of the skin below the scales, as observed in eczema and other inflammatory disorders, but the whole process seems to take its origin in or follow a state of simple congestion superfloially pronounc- cd, which induces excessive development of the cuticle, resulting in the scales described. Finally, in my experience, the disease appears to be
chronic, or even incurable in the large majority of cases, as tliose noted by me latterly, including others seen before, have bafled treatment; and very little more tlian palliative remedies can be suggested in similor cases. In the early stage of the disease I am disposed to thiuk tl)at,sedative lotions are alone effective in con^ iining its spread. The disease is easily distributed over the whole qf the body ; and yfhen this is the case, it is exceedingly unfortunate, for nothing I know of from experience has any power in checking its course. Applications of lead seemed in some cases to afford
partial relief, but even this I find is only transient in its cfiects, as beyond allaying a little heat in the part, I cannot say it exercises any curative or at all permanent ii)fluence over the disease. Accompanying the disease of the skin in some cases
there is also noticed intense congestion of the conjunc- tival and buccal-mucous membrane, the former becom- ing cedematous and appearing as if it were the index of some low type of fever from which the patiënt suffered, with a hot mouth, scauty and higli-coloured urine> |
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VI.] OE PITTRIASIS RTJBRA. 133
and great emaciation; but in point of fact there ïs
«ever any fever present, the patient's appetite remains good throughout, and the temperature never registers higher than 101° F., and generally at normal point, LITERATURE.
Burkb, The Yeterinarkm, Sept., 1884.
Adams, The Veterimry Journal, July, 1888. |
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CHAPTER VII.
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"PIT H-K H A K I S H"' j OR, HEPATIC PRÜHIGO.
In the human subject the terms kJidrish, khdrisht and
khujli are applied to scabies or iteh only ; but this arises from a belief common among natives, that the skin was liable to but one form of disease, as they eannot distin- guish one from another, except ringworm which is called ddd or dinnd-eh. The terms kharish and khujli literally denote the occurrence of itching, and as such may be employed in the case of any disease of the skin in wkich itching is a symptom. I need hardly point out, that a symptom which is common to so many diseases should be qualifiedwith a prefix, or better perhaps some explana- *ion of the disease it is intended to represent. The term khujli signifies, then, itching. It is in reality the samo thing as pruritus described by English authors—a symp- tom, in fact, of many diseases—a disease wholly different from true scabies. It is most unfortunate that practi- tioners in human medicine in India should have employed the term khujli to describe this disease. Theterm khujli, or kharish is now appropriated by general consent to sig- nify, according to the original use for which it was |
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135 "pith-kharish" ob hepatic pkueigö. vu.]
doubtless intended, a disease of skin which is characteris-
ed by itching as its most prominent symptom. There is a peculiar form of prurigo in the horse,
common to the wet season in India, as I must obserre, the etiology of which does not seem to be generally understood, but is easily explained, I think, by what is seen to follow the mode of treatment adopted in these cases. I have prescribed large and alternate doses of calomel, muriatic acid, and sal-ammoniac, with the best results, which leads me to conclude that this affection—in the horse, at least—is sometimes referable to retention of the biliary acids in the system, due to imperfect bilification. Symptoms : Itching is among the first symptoms noticeable, particularly in parts previously injured or diseased; instance: brand-marks about the neck, on the shoulders, barrel, gluteum, etc.); the vessels of the skin become congested; there is present some amount of heat, snpersensitiveness, etc, foliowed by effusion into the corium, which is either removed by absorption if early treated, or terminates, as it sometimes goes on to pus formation, in abscess, and finally bursts giving rise to troublesome ulcers. A fre- quent accompaniment of this disorder is pallidity of the mucous membranes, and also loss of appetite, im- paired digestion, ftfitor and discoloration of the fseces, etc- symptoms indicative of biliary derangement. |
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CAPTER VIII.
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"chaeak"; ob, leüoodbbma.
Partial leucoderma, in which the pigment is absent in
small points over the skin of the face and other regions of the horse, is common enough, although this, like the preceding, has not been recognised by veterinary authors; but general leucoderma, so far as I know, has only once been met with, in the horse that is. And I do not here allude to "piebald states" noticed so commonly in horsesi from which it is distinct. The loss of pigmentation in the true disease, is assooiated with loss of sensation in the part, and even loss of hair, noticeable in patches— having the appearance of a "pig's skin," minus the redness, which it closely resembles. Moreover, the 'piebald' colour iu horses is a congenital condition, having its origin in utero ; leucoderma is a disease developed in after-life of the animal, which often recedes, leaving the skin normal for a time, when it may recur. Thus, I know of large blotches of the skin on the face of horses, and in other situations where the skin is less protected, developed in the summer, entirely disappearing in some cases during |
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137 "chaeak" oe leucoderma. viu.J
the winter, and again appearing on the approach of the
following summer. The conclusion is—and it is the conclusion also of Dr. Tilbury Fox, probably the greatest writer on skin diseases of his day in any country —has the heat any infiuence on this abnormal pigmenta- tion in the skin? In the present state of our knowledge of the pathology of this disease, an answer to the question would amount to mere surmise. The disease is seen principally in chestnut horses and
sometimes in bays. There is an entire absence of any discharge, vesication, or pustulation, throughout its whole course. It afï'ects, by preference, certain parts of the skin whose epithelium is thin, as the muzzle, below the eyes, inside the thighs, etc, but is gradually generalised. I have prescribed arsenic and iron, with local friction
in this disease, with some benefit. LITERATVRE.
Bürke, The Veterinarian, Sept., 1884.
Adams, Tlw Veterinary Jour&al, July, 1888. |
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CHAPTER IX.
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"KORHIj" O E, MOBPHffiA.
I have next to consider a disease which is sotnetimes
found in association with the leucoderma just described, viz., nlorphoea. It is important to note that in leuco- derma the eolour only is altered, due to deficiency of pigment in the affected parts, but there is no deposit in, or any structural alteration of the skin. This disease is not a mere discoloration, but is caused by a waxy deposit in the skin, leading to changes in its structure. The affected skin becomes hyper- trophied, ansesthetic, and hairless in large patches. These discoloured ansaesthetic spots have led to the disease being called leprosy, or korhi by the natives, but it is not settled whether true leprosy is seen in the horse. The morphcea of the horse I have described is a local disease entirely, and never leads to degenerations com- mon in leprosy. But perhaps there are undeveloped forms of leprosy, and doubtless there may be cases of discoloration, amesthesia, and depilation of the hair in patches,without ulceration and tubercular depopits, |
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139 "KOKIIl" OHAP.]
especially when occurring in districts wliere leprosy ia
met with, whioli time will show to be instances of abort- ed leprosy in the horse. The mueous surfaces also suffer, and 'roaring' is sometimes present. Damp and humidi- ty, poor feeding, imperfect grooming, filth, and uuhealthy surroundings, are conditious favouring the development of korhi. The natives are strongly impressed with the conviction that it is contagious. As to the cause of the disease the natives believe that
the use of the arhar dal (cytisus cajan), a leguminous seed widely cultivated throughout India, is capable of giving rise to something like leprosy, when consumed for any leugthened period. Some of the natives eat it constantly, and theiinal results are "urticaria,* a sense of heat in the stomach, redness of the mueous surface of the mouth, bronzing of the skin, sponginess of the gums, burning of the hands and feet, dryness, harshness, and cracking of the same pavts, rheumatic pains, white spots indicating a leprous taint about the bpdy, and lastly, confirmed leprosy." I have seen it in horses owned by nativea and others which were fed on diseased maize; and we know that a form of leprosy in the human subject, ealled 'pellagra' is also caused by eating ergoted maize. Another dai, the lathyrus sativus, we have shown in a former chapter, induces kamri, or paraplegia. How far the use of dal may be the cause of leprosy requires further investigation. But it must be recolleot- ed, after all, that jeprosy may result not from the opera- tion of any actual poison in climate or in diet, bufc negatively from the absence in the diet of certain |
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* Urticaria is ealled by the natives joor-pitty.
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IX,] OB, MORPHfflA. 140
prinoiples, such as nitrogen and potash, and that it is
accelerated by bad sanitary arrangements. The ineans for remedying this condition are self-evï-
dent, the cutaneous changes caliing for early removal of the anirnal to a better locality, combined with good cleaning, and change of diet. But over and above this, it is possible to thwart, by local applications of strong carbolio liniment and internal administration of iodide of potash, liquor arsenicalis and sulphate of iron, the spread of the disease to other parts of the body and to still deeper structures of the skin. |
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CHAPTER X.
"chibeh"; o e, pimphigüs*.
The ancients, as well as many mediseval hakeems and
baids of various denominations in India, attributed this malady to some great perturb?tion of the system, some general ehange, whereof "chiber" is but a local manifes- tation. The subject has often been handled by veteri- nary surgeons in India, but nothing definite regarding it has ever been suggested; and such names as herpes, mange, grease, etc, indicate the nature of views held in regard to its pathology. Many believe that it is entirely a local disease, but
some authorities contend that a disease havinga tendency to run a chronic course in so many cases, cannot be con- sidered local in character, and must' therefore be classed among the general diseases. My view of the subject is that the variation in the
stages of the disease itself, is some excuse for the vari- ety of opinion as to its pathology which obtains in the profession in India. |
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* The Vctcrinary Journal, Dec, 1886.
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CHAP.]
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"chiber"
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142
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The disease prevails especially in the rains, and during
the winter months, when heavy dews fall, whieh bathe the animal's legs when turned to grass. Pretty extensive inquiries made in various parts of the country have failed to show the existence of the disease during other seasons or in dry weather. As to the nature of the morbid change, the most
reasonable view seems to be that it is the result of some local irritant entering the tissues through chinks in the epidermis, which spends its action on the neighbouring structures, without ever 'producing any constitutional symptoms. As there is nothing else tó account for the production of these cases, the condition of the grounds over which the horses have been exereised, or let loose, seems the most natural source to look to, and as men- tioned above, the dew and moisture about the roots of the grass have been shown to produoe this disease in many cases, which leaves not the shadow of a doubt as to its mode of origin. Priedberger and Pröhner have observedthat on accormt
of the wet and cold, this disease especially prevails during the winter in G-ermany. Prietsehe* has found that this disease prevails also as a result of sprinkling salt on the tramway lines during winter months. Straubf has re- corded the occurrence of "traumatic eczema" in these parts liable to chiber, noticed in army horses which were exereised over recently-cut fields, which resembled more a form of infectious inflammation of the skin than simple eczema. This form of disease resembled somewhat the |
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* Sachs. Jharesljericlit, 1884.
t Repertorium der 1'hierheilk., 1853. |
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£.] OH, PEMPHIOUS, 143
ordinary "mauke" described by the Germans, and was
characterised by a great number of small ulcers on the skin, which were foliowed, in aggravated cases, by erysipelas and phlegmonous inflammation of the skin. This infectious dermatitis does not, whether in the German or Indiau forms of the disease, occur as a rule, except when the eruptions burst, or cracks take place in the skin from accidental causes, allowing access to septic matters. Röll, Friedberger u. Fröhner, Anacker, and others'
describe this disease under the name of "mauke," which they consider to be a form of specific eczema. They notice that the practice of cutting the tuft of hair from the back of the fetlocks in coarse-bred horses, observed in European countries, especially deprives natural protection of the parts, and frequently leads to this disease. Mr. Meyrick,* i. v. g., says,—"The long dewy grass perpetually brushing against the coronets when the horses walk, would, of course, wet the front more than the back of the foot, and the evaporation, by producing a reaction, might bring on inflammation of the skin and other symptoms of chiber." Friedber- ger u. Fröhner say,—"The hind feet, beingmore exposed to the irritating action of damp, filthy standings, are generally more subject to this disease ;" and veterinary surgeons in India have observed the same fact. The disease appears chiefly, in India, in horses brought
in from damp fields, and their legs allowed to remain wet for long intervals, or imperfectly rubbed dry from |
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* Meyrick, 'Stable Management and the Prevention of Disease
tvmongst Horses in India.' |
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CHAP.]
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"chiber"
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144
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neglect or carelessness on the part of syces. Simply
rubbing the legs dry does not prevent the disease : they should be thoroughly washed before rubbing them dry with a oloth, Washing in stagnant rain water, obtained from ditches along road sides, also produces this disease. ETTOLQGY.
The disease may be defined as a special form of neurosis*
of the blood-vessels of the skin, attended by loss of tone and more or less inflammatory disturbance, foliowed by exudation of serum, which infiltrates the structures of the skin, and raises the epidermis in blisters. The blisters contain at first simple serum, which, later on, becomes purulent, or sero-purulent in character, contain- ing pus cells, probably due to migration of white blood cells and prolifcration of the retei Bacteria sometimes, though not constantly, appear in the contents of the vesicles. The blisters finally brust, and a watery-yellow, at first odourless liquid, finally becoming purulent or sero-purulent in characher, flows (stadium madidcms.) The swollen skin, by the moveinent of its thick folds
from effusion, cracks during the animal's progression, and contractions set in. The cracks in many cases take on inflammatory action, and in a short time again become covered by a scab, causing a matting together of the hair and depilation. In some cases a peculiar fluid oozes from the affected skin, dryingupinto thin, varnish- like crusts. The surface becomes, after a time, covered with hairless skin, so hard and dense that it resembles |
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* Heath's "Dictionary of Surgery," art. Pemphigus.
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X.]
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145
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OJi. PEMPBIGUS.
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frog-liarn (pemphigus foliaceus). The dissase then
assumes an entirely liew aspect. "During its latter stages," say Professors Priedberger
n. Fröhner, "a peeuliar running from the surface of the skin may be notieed, which bathes the epidermis. As a consequence of this we find a eolourless, adhesive substance, accompained by fcetor, completely covering the affected skin, and which, finding access through the cracks, causes chronic thickenning of the skin."—(Lehr- buch der Speciellen Pathologie und Therapie der Haus- thiere, 1886.) VARIETIES.
It is not necessary to recognise more than two forrns,
acute and chronic chiber; whilst a multitude of other names, from their pretty constant appearance, may be mentioiied as sub-varieties of one and the same affec- tion. The acute form is associated with an outbreak of larger or smaller vesicles, which die away without giving rise to any otlier changes of the skin or subcu- taneous tissues to be met with in the chronic variety (pompholyx), in which the process gradually extends until the greater part or whole of the skin and subcu- taneous tissues becomes implicated. Cracks then appear on the surface, the hair falls off, and a nauseous odour cxhales from the affected skin. The vesicles appear in successive crops, and horses that have once suffered are not exempt from it afterwards. Professor Friedberger says in rare instances the affected skin has been seen in time to assume the characters of elephantiasis, but this is only seen in bad or protracted cases, and is not charac. teristic of the disease itself. |
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cöap'.]
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146
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"chibeh"
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The acute variety (pemphigus acutiis) and the chroriic
(pemphigus vulc/aris) are the most eoiltmon forms assumed by both ehiber and its German type, "rïiauké." Itching is very marked in many cases, whicli is evi-
denced by the horse stamping his feet and rubbing them against each other, the animal frequently breaking the vesicles with his tecth, as well as by friction of the opposite leg, as soon as they are formed (pempliiguê pruriginosus). Hence the vesicles aro not oftcn seen which have formed and recently brokon : the epitheliunt is found ruptured and gathered into folds. In the pruriginous form the vesicles are smaller than in tha other varieties. Some authors on human modiciné describe this type under the head of "pemphigoid." There is the disease called hydroa bulleux of Bazin,
which is the same as ehiber, orpemphigus with smallbullse. Bazin tried to show a difference between the hydroa bulleux and the bullae of pemphigus, the latter being considered always large and the prognosis in the great majority of cases unfavourablé. But Dr. Tilbury Fox has shown that differences in the size of the bulla? and their severity afford no ground for distinguishing the ei'uption from pemphigus. He desoribes cases of abortive pemphigus in man, characterised by small, scattered jullse, which may enlarge to the size of a split plea, but are generally not so large, and die away in the course of a few days. The bulhe vary in size from that of a pin's head to that of a split pea ; occasionally an attack will be composed of two or three successive crops, which develop at intervals of a few days. The disease may last, by the development of successive crops of solitary vesicles, for ten days are more. (See Bullous Eruptions, or Hydroa, |
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X.] OR, PEMPHICUS 147
DIAGNOSIS.
in 'Skin Diseases,' by Dr. Tilbury Fox.)
The only diseases with which chiber is at all likely fcó
bc eoufounded are herpes and variola, both of which always run a nioré fapid óourse than it, and are therefore quite distirict. We have no süch thing as protracted vesicular eruptiöns in herpes and variola, which diseases liaving once appeared do not show themselves again, or persist like chiber of ten does. In the acute form of chiber the vesicles and bullse burst almostas soOn asthéy are formed, só that they often escape detection; in herpes the vesicles do not ruptUre as a rule, but their contents, after becoming opaque, disappear by rèsorption* and rarely by rupture and desiccation into light brownish scabs. In the majority of cases the vesicles in herpes last about eight days, in chiber they burst as a rule as soon as they are formed, or very soon afterwards, and Frequently escape detection, except as flakes in the site of the vesicles. Contagious impetigo in the horse, observed by
Schindelkaf and myselff is characterised by special features, and could hardly be mistaken for chiber. The disease is, moreover, contagious, and chiber is not. Attempts made to communicate chiber from one horse to another, by inserting the contents of the blisters under the skin of the coronet and pastern, have failed |
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|
* "Skin Disease," by Dr. Tilbury Fox, 3rd ed. art. Herpes,
t Oesterr. Viert eljahrschrift f. Wissenschaft. Veterinarkunde, 1883, page Cl. + Armual Veterinary Report, 1883. The Veterinarian, Oct., 1886. is;:.
|
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|
148 "CHIBBlï" CirAP.]
to produce any ï'esults, save a soreness of the skin, which
passes offin a couple of days. The disease is, therefore, not contagious. The pemphigus foliaceus form of chiber might be
mistaken for pityriasis rubra, on account of the large flakes that are sometimes thrown off in the site of the bullse, the disease consisting of bullse rapidly doveloped and drying up into lamellse ; but in the latter there is no history of bullse and the scales also present a different aspect and are more widespread in character tl,an those of chiber. Pityriasis 'rubra has no thickening of the cutis, no papillary hypertrophy, no history of bullse, and there is an absence of thick flakes or lamellse, produced by the collapsed walls of the bullse, together with more or less secretion present in chiber. N"ow it is very important to note that chiber mny be
very readily mistaken for a number of allied diseases, some of which we have noted, as very often the characters of the disease are masked, and there are many varieties of the same disease. The result x>{ neglecting to attent! to this point is that tho practitioner rcgarcls the type present as an eczema, an impetigo, a herpes, an elephan- tiasis, or a something else. TREATMEOT.
The treatment will vary according to the stage of the
disease. In the beginning cleanliness and dryness, combined with dressings of oxide of zinc ointment, will suffiee to effect a cure. In more advanced stages of the disease, more energetic means will be neeessary, princi- pally astringents and caustics, to cause it to subside: |
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|
X.] OR, PBMPHIGOS. 149
alum, borax, catechu, chloral, nitrate of silver etc, are
the agents most commonly employed, and are generally attended by goodresults. lodoform has been recommended by many German veterinary surgeons, but when once induration and hypertrophy have set in, no treatment is generally of any avail. In Quain's "Dictionary of Medicine" Hutchinson* is
quoted, who thinks arsenic is the only remedy of certain value in bad cases of pemphigus in the human subject. Mr. Meyricksays,—"The internaladministration of arsenic in five-grain doses for about a fortnight seems to assist the cure in bad or protracted cases of chiber." The natives of India have employed arsenic in the treatment of chiber from the earliest times, and they believe it is a specific for some forms of this disease. Perhaps arsenic in large doses does good by acting as a diuretic, which relieves hyperaemia of the skin. The f oliaceous variety is best treated with repeated blisters of hydrarg. rubrum. |
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|
* See a detailed examination of the f acts in Hutchuieon's
"Clioical Lectures," vol. i, 1879, pp. 49-74. |
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|
CHAPTER XI.
|
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|
"MADURA FOOT"; OB, AOTINOMYKOSI8.
I have shown that the disease called fungus foot, or
madura foot of India,* which is noticed equally in the lower animals as in man, is caused by a fungus -which is allied to, if not identical with, the ray fungus met with in the malady known as actinomykosis, or Rivolta's disease—a disease formerly confounded with sarcoma and scirrhus of the cord, etc. In several recent examina- tions of the malady in the lower animals we have noted that the actinomyces, seen under a low power, cannot be distinguished from the fungus found in specimens of madura foot of the human subject. Is it possible that the two diseases are alike 1 In my work on Veterinary Surgical Pathology, published in 1886, I have given a sketch of some of the appearances presented by the actinomyces from the lower jaw of an elephant, and it is to the fungus magnified only 20 diameters, that I wish |
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|
* The Veterinary Journal, December, 1886.
|
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|
151
|
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|
"MADURA FOOT" OR ACTINOMYKOSI8.
|
XI.]
|
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|
particularly to draw attention; and if any one will com-
pare Fig. 88 in the work on Skin Diseases, by Dr. Tilbury Fox, which represents the organism found in madura foot, with those of the actinomyces shown in Fleming's work on Actinomykosis lately published, I think he must agree in the general opinion that the nature of the organism which causes the disease called fungus foot of India, requires further investigation. We are of opinion that the nature of these fungi
requires further investigation, and that inquiry will show that the parasite of madura foot is only another stage of transformationofthe common variety, actinomyces. I would define fungus foot disease of India, then, as
one form of actinomykosis, caused by the growth and action of the ray fungus during a special phase of devel- opment, or of a particular species of the same parasite. At any rate, the resemblance in this respect has driven home to us the necessity for further inquiry in this direc- tion, and to seek an explanation of the similar appear- ances presented under the microscope, there being the greatest resemblance between the parasites seen in the disease of man known as fungus foot, and actinomykosis. If the food is the vehicle through which the fungus
gains access to the mouth of animals, as it is most fre- quently the part to be first invaded as an organ of pre- hension, it is equally true that in the human subject it is the foot which is chiefly affected, because the value of boots is known to but few natives in India. Be the value of our observation what it may, it
possesses a certain amount of interest in connection with the minute observations made by Dr. Vandyke Carter, Ba- gunjee Bustomjee and others, on the fungus foot of India. |
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|
CHAPÏER XII.
|
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|
ISTEEMITTENT AND REMITTENT FEVER,
For some years intermittent fever in the horse was
mistaken for anthrax, and, still more recently, has been described under the name of relapsing fever, because of the presence in the blood of organisms resembling spirillae, and the fever being of a recurring nature. By degreea it has come to be acknowledged, especially since the last few years, that these diseases are quite distinct. Remarkable as it may appear, our iirst accounts of this disease, as at present recordéd, did not come from the rcgion to which it is generally supposed to be indigenous, natuely India, but from those sections beyond this, in Europe ; and the iirst authentic account of this disease, or one which very closely resembles it, was given by Damoiseau under the name of Wechselfieber (malaria, or febris intennittens). We have other accounts of the disease in German works, and from time to time several varieties were noted to which special mimes, bave been given, thus : Febris quotidiana, tertiana, quartana, quintana, etc. Also, continued malarial fever, |
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|
INTEHMITTENT AND REMITTENT FEVEB. CHAP.J
|
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|
chronic malarial cachexia, gastric fever, periodic fever,
Texas fever, African horse-pest, horse-sickness, ete. The first or primary symptoms are generally those of
languor and fatigue, the animal presents a sluggish gait, frequently hangs its head and refuses food. In a few cases shivering fits are remarked at the onset, and the breathing is noticed to be slightly hurried. The shiver- ing may recur in some, though not in all cases, during the course of the disease. The temperature is found to be 102° F., if taken at the onset, and risés to 103°, 104° F., or even higher. It descends in a few liours to 102° F., and may even come down to normal point, with complete cessation óf all febrile symptoms. The pulse and respiratioiis will be increased accordingly. The cases linger to several days and show an apparent improve- ment, but again manifest acute symptoms. In other cases, on the temperature being taken, it will be found to have risen four, live or more degrees above the normal and to be maintained high throughoiit the course of the disease, with fluctuations. Frequently there is no regularity in the rise and fall of temperature. The urine is always albuminous in character, and fre-
quently contains tube-casts. When there is blood in the urine, the act of micturition is often more frequent than at other times. The urine, often clear and limpid, is rosy or crimson when it lias been evacuated immedi- ately after extravasation ; but if the blood bas remained souie time in the bladder, the urine acquires a dirty brown hue, due to the hsemaglobin being changed to methsemaglobin by the action of the acid in the urine. The cases linger to several days and show an apparent improvement, but again manifest acute symptoms. Thirst |
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|
Xïl. INTERMITTENT AND REMITTENT PEVER, 154
is sometimes present, attended with diarrho3a. Paraplegia,
pronounced stringhalt, muscular tremors, platting of the legs, etc, develop during the course of the disease, due to effusion on the spine and on individual nerves. These symptoms are seldom permanent in character, and often disappear on removal of the effused fliud due to natural absorption. Owing to a sustained high temperature in this disease
the animals rapidly waste and become lean, presenting that appearance in a few days which is seen in other ■wasting diseases only after weeks of illness. Convales- cence is protracted. The disease leaves the animals so weak that they seldom rally in the great majority of cases, ultimately succumbing to exhaustion. POST MORTEM CHABAOTERS.
The blood is dark and viscid, in some of the largor
vessels forming into distinct, long clots. It is not un- usual to find ecchymoses in the subserous and submu- oous tissues. The walls of the heart are soft and flabby, and the pericardial sac eontains an excess of serous fluid. The lungs are the seat of congestion pnd catarrhal inflam- mation, being eniarged and increased in weight, owing to consolidation. The stomach and intestines show petechi» and congestions, erosions, sloughs and deep excavated ulcers of various forms and extent. The liver is often eniarged and increased in weight, soft and friable. The spleen is also sometimes eniarged, though not in all cases. In those cases in which para- lysis of the hind quarters or other nervous symptoms are well marked, the grey matter of the cord generally shows |
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|
155 INTERMITTENT AND REMITTENT FEVER. CHAP.]
blood extravasations and staining of the nerve cells;
but beyond a tendency to cpngestion and ocoasional blood extra vasation, no lesions are usually disco vered in the nervous system. ,.Microscopically examinedthe blood shows the presence ( of white cells in excess, with destruction of the -red corpuscles, and the presence of numerous short bacilli, and sometimes also infusorial organisms. The presence of these organisms is not conclusive evidence that they have actually caused the disease, inasmuch as endeayours made to communicate malarial fever to healthy animals have all been attended with one error, namely of nsing the organisms in common with the blood of affected animals; while similar organisms have been met with in the blood of animals enjoying perfect health. We have injected these bacilli and spirilloid organisms mixed with water into the veins of rabbits and dogs not only without any evident result, but without even any rise of the body temperature, which was taken twice a day. DIAGNOSIS.
From relapsing fever it is easily distinguishable by
the following characters :—The digestive orgaus usually exhibit nothing particular in relapsing fever; in remit- tent fever of the horse, digestive lesions, both in the stomach and intestines, are found to be common in almost every case, and are characteristic also of remit- tent fever in man. 2. Pulmonary complications are rare in rela.psing fever, but frequently exist in cases of remittent fever in horses. 3. A symptom to which special |
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|
XII. INTKBMITTENT AND REMITTENT FEVER. 156
attention should be directed is motor disturbances. The
motor affection is shown by the frequent paraplegia, twitching and spasms of the muscles, and affects the muscles of the hind legs in particttlar, producing Btringhalt, unsteady gait, etc. Symptoms allied to the above are not uncommonly noted in remittent fever of ha man beings. The mortality also is usually high, which is more common to remittent than relapsing fever. The diagnosis may not be easy in a few complicated cases, but due observation of the peculiar combination of symptoms will enable careful practitioners to make a good practical diagnosis. The exact knowledge obtained by the methods of inquiry employed, by carefully com- paring the temperature charts, symptoms, and post mortem appearances of different cases, will lead to an important investigation of the behaviour of this disease, and thus to a more exact method of treatment in the future. The presence of anthrax may be asserted positively
by the presence of rods peculiar to this disease; (b) which, moreover, stain readily in special colouring fluids; and (c) are inoculable in suitable media and in susceptible animals. We are of opinion that a careful study of the disease
called influenza in the horse would lead to its being divided into three or more distinct affections. Further, we think that the distinctire characters of different forms of fever in the horse are such as in practice could not allow them to be confounded any longer—an opinion which all subsequcnt observation must tend to confirm. We may have remittent fever and remittent character of the temperature in anthrax among horses, and |
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|
i&ï JVWaWiTTKST AX» «.«MJWfiNT SWfifi. OMA**.]
«JthougU tk* two fevers are asseatially distiucfe, the ®ne
J*%ht supei'ïetie on th« <other. No other subjoot w «o löplete **ith interest as th&fc of fevers seen in the lower 'miiuals, and ulthough the subject has been somewlmt .shrouded in mystery ia the past, we mw have at least the. prospect of improvemenfc. The facts and conclusions liudtfi' i«y circumstaaces take some time to collect, but kUüh u.gcneral system of iaquiry has been eacouraged, idiporiuuit Solutions wiü be forthcoming, proving many {>f pur Sonner ideas about disease to be both obsolete and usetes. TKEATMEKT.
A radical cnre of remittent fever is beyond the power
of medicina!" agenoies, but much may be done to increase the chaaces of recovery in many cases, and for this purpose we must bear in mind the complications, which are so common in this disease. One of the most important of these is the tendency to pulmonary catarrh, and fre- quent diarrhoea brought on from intestinal irritation. In all oases it is advisable to keep the bowels from baeoming constipated by the administration of mild purgatives. Nourishing and easily digested food should be giTeo. Among the remedies which have been tried in the treatmeni of these cases and found beneficial in aome, we will mention sulphate of qainine, sulphits of sodium, antifebrine, antipyriae and carbolic acid.
*
LITEBATURE.
Damoisiaü, Journal Pratique, 1828 {beschreibt ei«em Fnll
van 4 tagigem Weahselfobsr.) |
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|
UI, INTERMITTENT AND REMITTENT PEVER. 158
|
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|
Burke, Supplemental Report on an Ontireak of Mever
among Horses in Mcerut, 5 March, 1887.
Friedberqer u. Fröhner, Lehrbtwh der Speciellen Pathol- ogie il. Therapie der Hausthiere, 1887. (Afrikanische Pferdepest, Malaria, Febris intermittens.) Bürke, The Equine Diseases of India, July, 1887. Nunn, The Veterinary Journal, Jauuary and September, 1888. (Horse-Sickness, a Malaria.) |
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Londou: 11, New Burlington Street, W.
Februari/, 1889. INDEX
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TO
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THE TITLES AND SUBJECTS OF WOKKS
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IN
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J, & A. CHURGHILL'S CATALOGffE.
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, PAGE
Autobiographical Recolleetions
Clarke, J. F..........19 Bicteriology
Gibbes, H. (Photographs) 27
Eandaging
Heath, C.............31
Swain, W. P..........54
Bathing, see Sea Air and Sea
Bathing Bazaar Medicines of India
Waring, E. J..........59
Bengal,Climate, Diseases,&c, of
Roy, G. C.............49 Bengal, Royal Tiger of
Fayrer, Sir J..........24
Ben-Rhyd ding
Maeleod, W..........40
Beverages
Beasley, H.............12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Biarritz, see Climate
Biography, Medical
Clarke, J.F..........19
Biology
Shore, T. W..........51
Bioplasm
Beale, L.S.............11
Birmingham Medical Review 64
Bladder, Diseases, &c, of
Coulson, W. J.......... 20
Fenwick, E. H. (Electric
lllumination).........24
Freyer, P. J. (Stone) ... 27
Harris, W. P..........30
Harrison, R..........31
Rivington, W.(Ruptureof) 47
Thompson, Sir H. ...55&56 Van Buren, W. H.......58 Bleaching
Gardner, J.............27
Wagner, R.............£8
Blood
Roussel, J. (Transfusion) 49
Blood Spitting
Dobell, H.............22
Body and Mind, see Mind and
Body Bone
Bryant, T. (ïnflammation) 15.
Macnamara, C. (Diseases) 40 Bones, see Osteology
Botany
Bentley, R.............13
Benlley, R., and Trimen, H. 12
Brain
Lewis, W. B. (Researches) 38
Brain, Diseases of, see also
Insanity Austin, T. J. (Paralysis)... 10 Gowers, W.R..........28
Mushet, W. B. (Apoplexy) 43
Winslow, F. (Obscure) ... 63 Brewing
Cooley, A. J. ... ... ... 20
Gardner, J..........., 27
Bright'8 Disease see Kidney
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PAGE
Abdomen, see also Storaaeh
Ogle, J. W. (Puncturing) 43
Abdominal Tumours
Doran, A. H. G.......22
Smith, J. Greig ......52
Wells, SïrS..........60
Accidents, see Emergencies
Aeetie Acid
Gardner, J..........27
Acids
Allen, A.H. ......... 9
Acne
Bulkley, L.D. .........16
Action of Medicines, see Medi-
cines Adulterations of
Food, see Food Medieïne, see Medicine Advice to a Mother, see Mother
Advice to a Wife, see Wife
African Health Resorts, see
Climate African West Coast
Horton, J. A..........33
Aged Sight, see Sight
Agrieultural Chemistry
Sutton, F.............54
Ague
Ward,S.H.....,. ... 59
Ailments, Slight
Beale.L.S.............11
Air (Sanitary Examination of)
Fox, 0. B.............26
Macdonald, J. D.......39
Albuminoids
Allen, A. H.......... 9
Alcohols
Allen A. H. (and Deriva-
tives) ............ 9
Cooley, A. J..........20
Hehner, O. (Tables)......32
Mareet,W.(Ü3e&Abuseof) 40
Algeria, see Climate
Alkaloids
Allen, A.H..........10
Alpine Winter
Wise, Tucker .........63
Alum
Gardner, J.......... ... 27
Ambulance
Martin, J.M. H.......41
Raye, J. A. (Handbook)... 46
Ammonia
Gardner, J.............27
Antestlieties
Silk, J. F. W. (Nitrous
Oxide) ............51 Analysis (Commercial)
Allen, A.H.......... 9
Sutton, F.............54
Analytical Chemistry, see Che-
mistry Analytical Tables, see Chemistry
Anatomy
Anatomieal Remembraneer 10
Bellamy, E. (Surgical) ... 12 Bowlby, A. A. (Morbid) ... 14 Braune, W. (Topographical) 14 Chauveau,A.(Domesticated Animals)............18 |
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Anatomy—eontinued
Dale, W. (Morbid) ......21
Fox, Wilson (Lungs) ... 26
Frey, H. (Microscoptc) ... 27 Godlee, R. J. (Atlas) ... 28 Heath,C. (Practical) „.. 31 Holden, L. (Practical) ... 33 Huxley, T. H. (Vertebrates and Invertebrates) ... 34
Jones,C. H., and Sieveking, E.H.(Pathological) ... 36
Lancereaux (Pathologi- cal Atlas)............37
Maelise, J. (Surgical) ... 40
Morris, H. (Joints)......42
Ord, W. M. (Comparative) 43
Sewill, H. K. (Dental) ... 50 Sibson, F. (Medical)......51
Tomes, C. S. (Dental) ... 57
Waters, A. T. H. (Lung)... 60 Wilson, Sir E., Buchanan, G., and Clark, II. E. ... 62 Anchylosis, see Joints
Aneurism
Murray,W.............42
Animal Electricity, see Electricity i
Animal Physiology,see Physiology ;
Animals
Chauveau, A. (Domesti-
cated) ............18 j Ankle, Surgery of, see Foot and
Ankle, also Orthopedie and Joints Autiseptic System
Sansom, A. E..........50
Yeo, J. B. (Consumption) 63
Anus, see Rectum
Aorta, Diseases of, see Heart
Aphasia
Ross, J.......... ... 48
Apoplexy, see Brain
Army Hygiëne, see Hygiëne
Artificiaï Liglit
Wagner, R.............58
Arts, Preparations used in the
Allen, A.H.......... 9
Beasley,H.............12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Sutton, F.............54
Asia Minor, see Climate
Asiatïc Cholera, see Cholera
Asiatie Medicine, see Medicine
Assaying
Allen, A.H.......... 9
Sutton, F.............54
Assurance, see Life Assuranee
Asthma
Dobell, H.............22
Fenwick, S..........25
Pridham, T. L..........45
Salter, H. H.......... 49
Thorowgood, J. C.......58
Atrophy
Fenwick, 8. (Stomach) ... 25
Aural Diseases, see Ear
Auseultation and Percussion
Cotton, R, P..........20 i
Hall, F. de H....... ... 29
Sharpe, J. B..........51
West, S.............61 !
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INDEX TO J. ê A. CHURCHILVS PUBLICATIONS.
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Chemistry—eontinued piGE
Wittstoin, G. C. (Pharma- ceuticai)............63 Chest Diseases, see Consumption
Cnildren, Diseases of
Cha-vasse, P. H..........18
Day.W.IÏ.............22
Down, J. L. (Mental) ... 22
Ellis, E.............24
Goodhart, J. F..........28
Harrison, J B..........30
Mothers (Suggestions to) 42
Smith, E.............52
Steiner, J.............63
Underwood............58
Children, Edueation of
Chavasse, P. H. (Mental) 18
Cholera and Diarrhosa
Fayrer, Sir J..........24
Lawson, R..........37
Martin, J. (and Water) ... 41
Parkin, J.............44
Sullivan, J..........,54
Cicatrices, Depressed
Adams, W............. 9
Cinchona Barks
Flückiger, F. A.......25
Classification of Animals, see
Animals Cleft Palate
Mason, F.......■......41
Clergyman's So\-e Throat
Fenwick, S.............25
Climate and Waters
Bennet, H. (Mediterranean,
&c.)...............12
Charteris, M..........18
Cormack, C. E. (Vichy) ... 20
Cutter, T. (Spa).........21.
Daumas, C. (Vichy)......21
Fayrer, Sir J. (India) ... 24
Haviland, A. (Weatber and Disease) ............31
Horton, J. A. (Africa) ... 33
Manson, D. (Strathpeffer) 40 Martin, Sir R. (Indian) ...41 Moore, W. J. (Tropical Invalids)............42
Patterson, J. (Egypt) ... 44
Scoresby - Jackson, R. E. (Home and Abroad) ... 50
Sparks, E. I. (Riviera) ... 63 Vintras, A. (Franee) ... 58 Walker, A. D. (Egypt) ... 69 Whitehead, J. L. (Under- cliff)...............61
Wilson,SirE.(Germanv,&c.) 62
Wilson, W. (Sea Voyages) 63 Wise, A. (Alpine Winter) 63 Climates, Tropical, see Tndia
Clinieal Leetures
Thompson, Dr. H.......66
Clinieal Medicine, see Medicine
Clinieal Surgery,8<?e Surgery
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|
ÏAGB
Companion to B. P., see Phar*
macopceia Companion to Medicine Chests,
see Medicine Chests Comparative Anatomy, see Ana-
tomy Comparative Physiology, see
Physiology Condiments
Beasley, H........„ ... 12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Constipation, see Indigestion
Consumption, Scrofula, Diseases
of the Chest, Lungs, &c. Bennet, H.............13
Cotton, R. P..........20
Davies, H.............22
Dobell, H.............22
Fenwick, S..........25
Flint, A.............25
Fuller, H. W..........27
Hall, F. de II..........29
Hambleton, G. W.......29
Harris, V. D..........30
Jones, J.............36
Shapter, T.............51
Turnbull, J.M..........57
Waters, A. T. H.......60
Weaver, J.............60
West, S.............61
Wise, A. (High Altitudes) 63
Yeo, J.B. (Contagiousness) 63 Contact Theory of Disease
Morris, J.............42
Contagiousness of Consumption
Yeo, J. B.............63 Continued Fevers, see Fevers
Contraction of Fingers
Adams, W............. 9
Convulsions
Waters, J.H..........60
Cookery for Sick Room, see
Nursing Corfu and Corsica, see Climate
Cosmetics
Beasley, H.............12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Cough
Dobell, H. (Winter)......22
Gresham Leetures ......29
Counsel to a Mother, see Mother
Cranial Injuries
Bryant, T.............15
Craniotomy
Radford, T..........46
Croup
Fenwick, S..........25
Crowing Inspiration
Hood, P.............33
Curvature of Spine
Adams, W............. 9
Bigg, H.H..........13
Bigg, R. H..........13
Brodhurst, B. E.......15
Jones, H. MacN.......36
Cutaneous Diseases, see Skin
Cyauogen Compounds
Allen, A.H.......... 9
Cyelopasdia of Practical Receipts
Cooley, A. .1..........20 Dangers to Health
Tealc, T. P..........65
Davos Platz, see aUo Climate
Wise, A.............03
Deafhess, see Ear Diseases
Deeline of Life, see Advanced Life
Ueformities
' Adams, W.......... 9
Bigg, H. H..........13
Bishop, J.............13
Brodhurst, B. E.......16
Churchill, F. (Face and
Foot) ............18
Coles, O. (Mouth) ......19
Salt.T. P.............49
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PAGE
Bristol Medico - Chirurgical
Journal ............64
Brïtish Dental Associatïon
Journal ............64
Bronchitis
Dobell, H....... ......22
Fenwick, S.............25
Burdwan Fever
Boy, G. C.............49
Butter (Analysis of)
Hehner O., and Angell A. 32
Cffisarian Section Radford, T..........46
Calculi and Calculous Disorders,
seeUrinary Diseases |
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Caüco Printing
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Chemistry
Allen, A. H.......... 9
Bloxam, C. L. (Organic,
Inorganic, and Practical) 14
Bowman, J. E. (Practical) 14 Brown, J.C. (Practical) ... 15 Clowes, F. (Practical) ... 19 Fownes, G.............25
Frankland, E., & Japp,
F. R. (Inorganic)......26
Fresenius, R. (Qualitative
and Quantitative)......26
Frey, H. (Histological) ...27
Griffiths, T. (Four Seasons) 29 Hoffman, F., & Power, F.B. (Medicinal) .........32
Johnson, A. E..........35
Jones,H.B.(Pathological) 36
Kay-Shuttleworth, Bir ü. J. (Inorganic) ......37
Morley, H. F. (Organic)... 42
Sutton, F. (Volumetric) ... 64 Vacher, A. (Primer)......68
Valentin.W.G. (Qualitative) 58
Watts, H..........25&60 |
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Clouds, Modifications of
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INDEX TO J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS.
|
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|
PAGE
Degrees, Poreign
Hardwicke, II. J.......30
Dental Anatomy
Harris, CA..........30
Sewill, H. E..........50
Tomes, C. S....... ... 57
Dental Caries
Leber and Rottenstein ... 37
Dental Association Journal ... 61
Dental Materia Medica
Harris, C. A..........30
Stoeken, J.............54
Dental Mechanics
Balkwill, F. H..........11
Coles.0.............19
Harris, C. A....... ... 30
Richardson, J..........47
Dental Physiology
Harris, CA..........30
Tomes, C. S..........57
IDental Practice
Quinby,H. C..........46
Dental Studcnt's Note-Book
Rymer, J.............49
Dental Surgery
Harris, CA..........30
Richardson, J..........47
Heath, C (Jaws) ......31
Sewill, H. E..........50
Taft, J.............55
Tomcs, Sir J., & Tomes,
CS................57 Dermatology, see Skin Diseases
Diabetes
Pavy, F. W. .........44
Diagnosis
Barclay, A. W. (Medical)... 11
Clark, E. Ie G. (Surgical) 19 Fenwiek, S. (Medical) ... 25 Heath, C. (Surgical)......31
Southam, F. A. (Surgical) 53
Diarrhaea, see Cholera
Diathesis
Hutchinson, J..........34
Dictionaries
Cooper, S. (Surgical) ... 20
Dunglison, R. (Medical)... 23 Mayne, R. G. (Medical) ... 41 Wahltuch, A. (Mat. Med.) 59 Diet and Regimen
Beasley, H. (Articles of)... 12
Pavy, E. W..........44
Eidge, J. J. (forSick) ... 47
Robertson, W. H.......47 Difficult Labour, see Midwifery
Digestïon, see Indigesüon
Digitalis
Brunton, T. L..........15
Diphtheria
Eade, SirP..........23
Diseases, Commencement of
Hood, D. W. C.......33
Disease Germs, see Germs
Disinfection
Constantine, J..........19
Sansom, A. E..........50
Dislocations, see Fractures
Dispensatory (National)
Stille A. and Maisch, J. M. 54
Dispensing
Proctor, B. S..........46
Smith, J. B..........52
Dissections, see Anatomy
Distillation
Cooley, A. J..........20
Gardner, J..........27
Wagner ............58
Domestic Economy
Cooley, A. J. (Cyclopffidia) 20
Domestic Medicine
Chavasse, P.H..........18
Headland, F. W.......31
Moore, \V. J. (Indian) ... 42
|
PAGH
Eye, Diseases, &c.—contimied
Helm, G. F. (Refraction) 32 Higgens, C..........33
Jones, T. W..........36
Lee, H. (Gonorrhceal) ... 38
Liebreich, R. (Atlas) ... 38 Macnamara, C..........40
Nettleship, E..........43
•Pollock, C. F. (Histology) 45
Roberts, C {Colour Blind- ness) ............47
Sehweigger, C (Squint) ... 50
Smith, P. (Glaucoma) ... 52 Snell, S. (Eleetro-Magnet) 52 Walker, G. E..........59
Woife, J. R..........63
Face
Churchill, F. (Deformitiea) 13
Coles, O. (Deformities) ... 19 Heath, C (Jaws) ......31
Mason, F. (Surgery)......41
Fallopian Tubes
Courty, A. (Diseases of) ... 20
Famine Fever
Carter, H. V..........17
Fats,
Allen, A. H.......... 9
Hehner, O., and Angell, A. 31
Female Pelvie Organs
Savage, H.............50
Fever
Beale.L. S. (Germs of) ... 12
Carter, H. V. (Spirillum) 17 Cayley, W. (Typhoid) ... 17 Fayrer, Sir J. (Indian) ... 24 Hood, P. (Scarlet) ......33
Irvine, J. P. (Typhoid) ... 35
Maclagan,T.J..........39
Martin, J. (Enteric)......41
Roy, G. C (Burdwau) ... 49
Sullivan, J. (Malarial) ... 54 Fingers, Contractïon of
Adams, W............. 9
First Lines for Chemists, see
Pharmaceutical Fistula, see Rectum
Eistula, Urinary, see Urinaiy
Diseases Fits
Waters, J. H..........60
Fixed Oils
Allen, A.H..........10
Food
Fox, C B. (Esamination of) 26
Pavy, F. W. (Dietetics) ... 44 Foot and Ankle
Churchill, F. (Deformities) 18
Hancock, H. (Surgery of) 30 Forceps
Aveling, J. H. (Midwifery) 10
Foreign Degrees
Hardwicke, H. J.......30
Forensic Medicine, see Medical
Jurisprudenee Formulary
Beasley, H. (Pocket)......12
Unofficial ............14
Fractures, see also Surgery
Gamgee, J. S.....„ ... 27
Maclise, J.............40
Stimson, L. A..........64
France, see Climate
Franco-Prussiau War, Surgery of
MacCorraac, Sir W.......39 Fuel and Heating
Wagner, R..........55
Fungus Disease of India
Carter, H. V..........17
Gall Stones
Thudichum, J. L. W. ... 5G
Ganglionic Nerves, see Nervous
Syst*m |
||||||||
|
PAGB
Domesticated Animals, see Aiütnals
Drainage, see Hygiëne Dropsy
Todd,R. B.............57
Browning and Suspended Ani-
mation Stowe, W...........,. 4
Swain, W. P........ot 51
Waring, E. J....... („. 59
Druggists' Reeeipt Book
Beasley, H.............12
Duodenum, Diseases of, see
Stomach Dveing and Calico Printing
Gardner, J.............27
Wagner, R.............58
Dysentery
Fayrer, Sir J..........24
Martin, J. (and Water) ... 41
Sullivan, J.......... 64 Dysmenorrhcea
Smith, H........., ... 52
Dyspepsïa, see Indigcstion
Ear, Diseases of
Allen, P.............10
Burnett, C. H..........16
Dalby, Sir W. B.......21
Jones, H. Maenaughton ... 30
Jones, T. W. (Cateehism) 36 Eastern Bath, see TurkishBath
Eczema, see also Skin Diseases
Kobinson, Tom.........47
Wilson, Sir E..........62
Education, Medical
Hardwicke, H, J.......30
Education of Childrenjsee Chi^dren
Effusion
Porritt,N.(Intra-Thoracic) 45
Egypt, see also Climate
Patterson, J..........44
Walker, A. D..........59
Eleetrieity
Fenwiek, E. H. (Bladder) 21
Kohlrausch, E. (Measure- raents) ............37
Reymond,DuBoïs(Animal) 46
Reynolds, J,R. (Clinical)... 47 Salt, TYP.............49
Steavenson, W. E.....,. 53
Tibbits, H. (Medical) ... 56
Electro-Maffnet
Snell, S.............52
Emergencies
Basil, M. M.......11
Stowe, W.............54
Swain, W. P. (Surgical) ... 54
Emphysema of the Lungs
Dobell, H.......... ... 22
Waters, A. T. H. ... ... 60
Entoptics
Jago, J........„ . . 35
Epidemics
Lawson,R..........37
Parkin, J....... „« .„ 4
Ethics, Medical
Carpenter, A..........28
Glenn, R. G..........28
Eustachian Tube
Jago, J.............35
Examinations
Lush, W. J. H. (Papers) 39
Smith, J. B. (Pharm.) ... 52 Steggall, J. (Pharm.) ... 53 Excision of Knee Joint, see Joints
Eye, Diseases, &c, of, see also Sight
Cooper, Sir W. W. (In- juries) ............20
Daguenet (Ophthalmos-
eopy) ............21
Gowers, V7. R. (and Brain) 28
Hartridge, G. (Refraction) 31 |
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|
4 INDEX TO J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS.
|
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TA GS
Histology, see also Physiology
Frev, H.............27
Gibbes, H. (Photcgraphs) 27
Pollock, C. F. (Eye) ... 45 Sanderson, J. B.......49
Hooper's Physician's Vade-
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Indigestion
Habershon, S. 0.......29
Indolent Ulcers, see Ulcers
Infant Feeding
Routh, C.H. F..........48
Infantile Diseases, see Children
Infant Mortality
Routh, C. H.F..........43
Infectious Diseases
Allan, J. W.......... 9
Infirmaries
Buckle, F. (Statistics of)... 15
Oppert, F. (Construction, &c.)...............43 Inorganic Chemistry, see Che-
mistry Insanity
Boyd, R.(weiglitofbodyin) 14
Bucknill, J. C, and Tuke, D. H.............15
Clouston. T. S..........19
Down, J. L. (Chüdhood) 22
East, E.............23
Mann, E. C..........40
Moseley, G. ......42
Sabben, J. T., and Browne,
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•
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Mecum ............
Hooping Couirh
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■w
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Martyn, P.............
Hospital Hygiëne, see Hygiëne
Hospital Pniyer-Book Waring, E. J..........
Hospital Eeports
Guy's ...............
Ophthalmic............
St. George's .........
St. Thomas's .........
Hospitals
Buckle, F. {Statistics of)
Burdett. H. C. (Pay, &c.) Lückes, E. C. E. (Sisters) Mouat, F. J., & Snell, S. (Construction, &c.) ... 42
Oppert, F. (Construction, &c.)...............43
Human Element in Sex
|
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J. B................49
Winslow,F.............63
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Robertson, W. H.......47
Greece, see Climate
Growths in Larynx, see Larynx
Gun Shot Wounds, see Surgery
Guy's Hospital Keports......29
Gynsecology, see AVomen
Hamorrhoids, see Rectum
Esemorrhage in Labour, see
Midwifery Hair
Beasley, H. (Cosmetics)... 12
Cooley, A.J. (Cosmeties) 20 Wilson, Sir E..........62 Hare-Lip
Mason, F........„ ... 41
Harmonies of Science, see Phy-
sical Science Harvey's (W.) Manuscript Lec-
tures ............31
Hay Fe ver
Mackenzie, Sir M.......39
Headaches, see also Kervous
Disorders Day, W. H.............22
Liveing, E.......... ... 38
Wright,H.G..........63
Health
Simon, Sir J. (Public) ... 51
Stocker,J.S. (Hints for)... 54 Teale, T. P. (Dangersto).. 55 Wilson, G.............62
Health Resorts, see Climate
Hearing, Defects of, see Ear Heart, Gauglia and Nerves of Lee, R.......... .* .. 38
Ileart Disease
Balfour, G. W.........11
Davies, H.............22
|
Blackwell, E..........14
Human Osteology, see Osteology
Human Physiology, see Physiology Hydrocarbons Allen, A.H.......... 9
Hydrocele
üsborn, S.............44
Hydropathy
Lane, E.W..........37
Macleod, W..........40
Hygiëne
Armstrong, Sir A. (Naval) 10 j
Bennet, lï. (and Oonsump- tion)...............12
Cooley, A. J. (Oyclopasdia) 20
Fox, C.B.............26
Moore, Sir W. J. (Indian) 42
Parkes, E. A. (Practical) 44 Simon, Sir J. (Pub.Healtb) 51 Teale, T. P. (Dangers to |
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|
Insensibility
Waters, J. H..........60
Insolation
Fayrer, Sir J..........21
Intestinal Canal, se.e Stomach
Intestinal Strangulation Bryant,T.............15
Intoxication, Chronic
Matreet, W.............40
Intra-Cranial Injuries
|
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15
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Bryant, T.......
Intra-Thoracic Effusion
|
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r>
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Porritt, N.......
Intra-Uterine Death
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:,'.
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Priestley, W.O.
Invertebrated Animals Huxley.T. H. (Anatomyof) 34
Irritability |
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Morris, J............
|
I
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Italy, see Climate
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Health) .., .........55
Wilson, G.............62
Hypnotism
Tuke, D.H..........57
Hysteria
|
Jaundice
Harley, G.......... ..
Sullivan, J.........
Jaws, Diseases of
Heath, C............
Joints, Diseases, &c„ of
Adams, W............
|
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30
51 |
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31
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Lee, R............. .
|
3S
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Idiocy and Imbecility
|
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Brodhurst, B. E........
Bryant, T............
Hancock, H.........
Hugman, W. C. (Hip) ..
Jones, H. MacN......
MacEwen, W.........,
Macnamara, C.........,
Morris, H. (Anatomy) ..,
Price,P. C. (Knee)......
Sayre,L. A............
Swain.W. P. (Knee)......
|
, 35
. 15 30
, 34
36 39 •1')
42 45
50
f 5 |
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:;|.
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Ireland, W. W........
ldiosyncrasy
|
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Hutchinson, J........
|
31
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Imagination, Action of the
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Tuke, D.H........
|
57
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Impaired Vision, see Sight
Impediments of Speech, s
Stammering India, Diseases of, &c
Carter, H. V. (Skin, &c.)
Chevera, N........
Duncan, A. (Prerention)
Farquhar, T. (Skin)... . Fayrer, SirJ........
Hogg, F. R. (Notes)
McClelland, J. (Bengal) . McLeod, K. (Calcutta) . Martin, Sir R........
Moore, W. J........
Roy,G. C. (BurdwanFever) 48
Sullivan, J..........54
Tilt, E. J. (and Women) ... 57
Waring, E. J..........59
Wise T. A. (Historyöf).., 63
India, H.W. Provinees, eee Bengal
Indian Snakes, see Snake3 |
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|
Joints, Dislocations of, see Frac'
tures Journal of Laryngology......
Journal of Mental Science
Jurisprudence, see Medical Ju- risprudence
Kidney Diseases Acton, W............
Beale, L. S............
Carter, W............
Gowers, W. R. (and Oph-
thalmoscopy)........
Van Buren, W. H.......
Knee Joint, see Joints
Laboratory, the, see Chemistry Labour, see Midwifery |
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61
til |
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11
.17 |
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2S
53 |
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Hip Joint Diseases, see Joints
|
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|
INDEX TO J. & A. CHURCHILES PUBLICATIONS. 5
|
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|
PAGB
Menstruation, see also Women
Tilt, E. J.............67 Mental Culture of Children, see
Children Mental Diseases, see Insanity
Mental Seience, Journal of ... 64
Mentone, see also Climate
Bennet, H.............12
Marcet, W.............40
Sparks, E. I....... ... 62
Merchant Vessels, Scale of
Mcdicines for Wells, Sir T.S..........60 Mereury, Injurious Effects of
Habershon, S. 0.......29 Metallurgy
|
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PAGE
Materia Medica—continued
Phillips, C. D. F. ... Eoyle,J. F., & Harley, J Southall, W. (Organie) Stocken, J. (Dental)... Thorowgood, J. C. ... Tuson, E. V. (Veterinary) 58 Wahltuch A. (Dictionary) 59 Matter and Force |
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PAGE
Landmarks, Medical and Surgieal
Holden, L.............33 Languages
Walshe, W. H..........69
Larynx, Diseases of
Butlin, H. T. (Malignant) 16
Hall, F. de H..........29
"Mackenzie, Sir M.......39
Whistier, W.M.(Syphilis of) 61
Law and Lunacy, Handbook of
Sabben, J. T., and Browne, J.B................49 Laws affecting Medical Men
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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30
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|
Jones, H. B.
Measurements Kohlrausch, F. (Physical) 37
Mechanical Dentistry, see Den- tal Mechanica Mechanics Jones, H. B..........33
Medical Anatomy, see Anatomy
Medical Botany, see Medicinal Plants
Medical Chemislry, see Chemistry Medical Diagnosis, see Diagnosis Medical Directory .........64
Medical Eleetrieity, see Electricity
Medical Etiquette Carpenter, A..........28
Glenn, E. G..........28
Medical Handbook, see Domes-
tic Medieine
Medical Jurisprudence Abercrombie, J.......... 9
Ogston, F ............43
Taylor, A. S..........65
Tidy, C. M., and Wood-
man, VV. B..........57
Medical Lexicon,*ree Dictionaries
Medical Studies and Medical Life Hinds, W.............32
Medical Vocabulary, see Voca-
bularies
Medicinal Plauis Bentley, E., & Trimen, H. 12
Medieine Beale,L.S.(Introductionto) 11
|
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24
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Glenn, E. G.......
Lead, Poison of, in AVater
|
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3il
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54
58 |
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|
Harrison, J, B.......
Lepra, see also Skin Diseases
|
Sutton, F.......
|
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27
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|
Wagner, E.......
Microscope
Beale, L. S. (in Medieine) 11
Carpenter, W. B.........17
Lee, A. B. (Microtomy) ... 37
Marsh, S. (Section Cutting) 40 Microsoopical Journal ......64
Midwifery and Obstetrics
Aveling, J. H..........10
Barnes, R.............11
Field, A. F. (Hints)......25
Galabin, A. L..........27
King, A. F. A..........37
Lee, B................38
Leishman,W.(Mechanism) 38
Macionald, A. (and Heart |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Gaskoin, G..........
Leprosy
Anderson, A. F..........10
Hillis, J. D..........32
Lexicon,Medical,see Dicfeionaries
Life Assurance
Sieveking, Sir E. H. ... 51
Life Theories, &c.
Beale, L.S.............11
Liqueurs
Cooley.A.J. (Manufacture) 20
Gardner, J. (Manufacture) 27 Lithotrity, Lithotoray and
Litholapaxy Coulson, W. J..........20
Freyer,P.J. (Litholapaxy) 27
|
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|
Disease)
Priestley, VV. O. Eadford, T. Eamsbotham, F, Keynolds, J. J.
Roberts, D. h. Schroeder, K.
|
39
45 16 |
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H...
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46
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■17
47 50 |
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Sinclair, Sir E
|
B., aud
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Johaston, ö..........61
Smellie, W. (Plates)......51
Swayne, J. G. (Aphorisms) 55
Waller, C. ... .........69
Midwives
Aveling, J. H. (English)... 10
Barton, J. E. (Handbook) 16
Military Hygiëne, see Hygiëne Military Medieine, see Medieine Military Surgery, see Surgery Mind, Disorders of, see Bram, also Insanity
Mind and Body, Influence of |
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Charteris, M..........18
Dale, W. (Practice of) ... 21
Fagge, C. Uilton ......21
Fenwiek, S. (Practice of) 25
Flint, A.............25
Foster, B. (Clinical)......25
Headland,F.W.(Domestic) 31
Hooper's Vade-Mecum ... 33 Johnson.G. (Leetures, &c.) 35 Martin, J. (Military) ... 41 Moore, VV. J. (Indian) ... 42 Richardson,B.W.(Practical) 47 Todd, E.B. (Practiceof)-. 67 Waters, A. T. H.......60
Wise. T. A. (Asiatic) ... 63
Medieine Chest Corapanions
Squire, P.............63
Wells, Sir T. S..........60
Medicines
Allen, A. H. (Adulterations
of) ............... 9
Binz, C. (Aetion of) ... 13
Hoffmann, F., and Power, F.B. (Chemistry)......32
Stille, A.,andiUaisch,J.M. 54
Mediterranean, see also Climate
Bennet, H.............12
Madden, T. M..........40
Marcet, VV.............40
Price, P. C..........45
Sparks, E. 1..........63
Vintras, A.............68
Megrim, see Nervous Disorders
Membrana Tympani
Jones, H. il. (Atlas)......36
Memoirs, Medical
Clarke, J. t' .........19
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Hunter, G. Y.......
Jones, T. W.......
Tuke, D. H.......
|
. 34
. 36 67
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Minor Surgery, see Surgery
Mont Dore Cure |
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22
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Dobell, H..........
Morality
|
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Beale, L. S........
Hime, M. C........
|
12
32 |
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Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy
Mother, Advice, &e., to a |
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Chavasse, P. H......
|
18
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Mothcrs (Suggestions to)
Mouth |
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Coles, O. (Deformities)
|
19
|
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Museular
Gowers, W. R. (Paralysis) 28
Myeetoma |
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Carter, H. V. ...
|
17
|
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Mystery of Life
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Beale, L. S.......
|
.. 11
|
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National Dispensatory
|
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|
Stille, A. and Maisch, J. M
|
64
|
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|
Natural Philosophy
Kixlwell, G.F..........4S
|
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|
6 INDEX TO J. ê A. CHURCHILÜS PUBLICATIONS.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
PAGB
P h ar macopeeïa—continued
Guy's Hospital.........29
James, M.P.(Guide) ... 35
London Hospital ......39
North Eastern Hospital... 43-
Southall,W..........52
Squire, P. (Companion) ... 53
Squire, P. (Lond. Hosps.) 53 Throat Hospital ......39
Tirard,N.I.C.(Prescriber's) 57
Tuson, E. V. (Veterinary) 67 Pharmacy
Cooley, A. J. (Cyclopa?dia) 20
Proetor, B. S. (Practical) . 46 Pharmacy, Year Book of,.....64
Phenols
Allen, A.H.......... £
Philosophy, see Natura! Phi-
losophy Photography
Beasley, H. (Chemicals,
&c.)...............12
Hardwich, and Taylor, J. T. 30
Price, L.............45»
Sutton, F.............54
Phthisis, see Consumption
Pliysic, Practical, see Medicine
Physical Examination of Chest,
see Auscultation, Con- sumption, &c. Physical Mcasurements
Kohlrausch, F..........37
Physical Science, Harmonies of
Hinds, "VV.............33 Physieian's Pharmacopceia
Baily, J.............ia
Physieian's Vade-Mecum, see
Medicine Physics
Draper, J. C. (Medical) ... 2$
Physiology ,
Beale, L. S. (Introduction) 11
Cai-penter, W. B. (Hu- man)...............17 JJalton, J. C. (Human) ... 21
Frey, H. (Practical)......27
Pye-Smith, P. H.......46
Sanderson,J. B. (Practical) 50*
Shea, J. (Animal) ......51
Tomes, C. S, (Dental) .., 57
Yeo, G.F.............63- Physiology, Dental, see Dental
Physiology Plants, Medicinal
Bentley, R.,and Trimen, H. 12
Pneumogastric Nerve
Habershon, S, 0.......29
Poisonous Snakes of India, see
Snakes Poisous
Stowe, W. (Chart) ......64
Swain, W. P..........64-
Taylor, A. S..........65
Tidy, C. M., and Wood-
man, W. B..........57 Post-Mortem Examinations
Virchow, R..........58
Posture, Influence of, on Women
Aveling, J. H..........10 Practical Chemistry, see Che-
mistry. Practical Physic, see Medicine
Practice of Medicine, see Medi-
cine Practice of Surgery, see Surgery
Pregnancy
Chavasse, P. H.......18
Sehroeder, K..........60
Prescriber's Pharmacopceia
Tirard,N. I.C..........57
Prescriptions
Beasley, H. (Book) ......13
|
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PAGE
Organic Chemistry, «re Chemistry
Orthopaedic Surgery
Adams, W............. 9
Bishop, J.............14
Brodhurst, B. E.......15
Bs-yant, T.............16
Hancock, H..........30
Macewen, W..........39
Sayre, L. A..........50
Orthopragms of the Spine
Bigg, E. H.............13
Orthoprasy
•Bigg, H. H..........13
Bigg, E. H..........13
|
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|
ÏAGE
Naval Hygiëne, see Hygiëne
Near Sight,see Eye
Nerve Vibration
Granville, J. M....... 28
Nervous Disorders
Buzzard, T.........- 16
Chapman, J. (Neuralgia) 17
Day, W. H. (Headaches) ... 22 Downing, C. T. (Neuralgia) 22 Fenwick.S. (Digestive) ... 25 Gowers, W. E..........28
Granville, J. M.......28
llamilton, A. MeL.......29
Hunter.G. Y..........31
Jones, C. H. (Functional) 35
Liveing, E. (Megriro, &<:.) 38 Mann, E. C..........40
Mitehell, S.Weir (Women) 41
Page, H. W. (Shock) ... 44 Eoss, J.............4?
Sharkey, S. J. (Spasin) ... 61
Tilt, E. J. (Women) ... 61' Tuke, D. H..........67
Wilks, 8.............(il
Wright.H.G. (Headaches) 63
Nervous System
Flower, W. H. (Diagrams) 26
Habershon, S. O. (Pneumo- gastric) ............29
Lee, R. (Uterus and Heart) 37
Neuralgia, see Nervous Disorders
Nile, see Egypt and Ciimatc
Nitrous Oxide
Silk, J. F. W..........61
North Eastern Hospital Phar-
macopceia .........43 Nose, Diseases of
Jones, II. Macnaughtoii... 36
Nostrums, Druggists'
Beasley, H.............12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Nursing
Cullingwoith, C. J.......21
Domville E. J..........22
Hood, D. W. C.......33
Martin, J. M. H.......41
Eidge, J. J. (Diet for Sick) 47
Squire, P. (Sick-room Cookery)............63 Obscure Diseases of Brain, see
Brain Obstetric Clerks, Hints to
Field, A.P.............25
Obstetrics, see Midwifery
Ocean, The, a Health Eesort
Wilson, W.S.........«3
Ocular Spcetres
Jago, J.............35
OilS
Ailen, A. H.......... 9
Cameron, J..........17
Old Age, Diseases of, see Ad-
vanced Life Operative Surgery, see Surgery
Ophthalmia, Genorrhceul, see
Syphilis and Eye Ophthalmic Hospital Eeports 64
Ophthalmic Eeview.........64
Ophthalmology. see Eye
Ophthalmological Congress Ee-
port...............43
Ophthalmological Society's
Transactioiis ... ......43
Ophthalmoseopy, see aUo Eye
Daguenet (Manual)......21
Gowers, W. E. (Medical) 28
Liebreich, E. (Atlas) ... 38 Organic Bases
Allen A.H.......... 9
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Osteitis, SyphiïitiCjWe Syphilis
Osteology |
49
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Parasites, see Skin Diseases
Parturition, see Midwifery
Patent Medicines
Beasley, H.............12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Pathology
Bowiby, A. A. (Surgical).,. 14
Clark, F. Ie G. (Surgical) 19 Fayrer, Sir J. (Surgical)... 24 Jones,C. H.,and Sieveking, E. H. (Anatomy)......36
Jones, H. B..........36
Lancereaux's Atlas......37
Lee, H. (Practical) ......37
Middlesex Hosp. Catalogue 41
Roy. Coll.Surgs.Catalogue 48 Sutton, F. (Chemistry) ... 54 Sutton, J. B. (General) ... 54 Pedigree of Disease'
Hutebinson, J..........34
Pelvic Organs, see Women
Perchloride of Iron in Con-
sumption Jones, J.............36 Percussion, see Auscultation
Perfumery
Beasley.H.............12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Perïpheral Neuritis
Buzzard, T..........16
Perineum, Rupture of Female
Duncan, J. M. ... ......23
Savage, E.............50
Periostitis, Syphilitie, seeSyphilis
Peyerian Uleer
Carter, H. V..........17
Pharmaeeutical Chemistry
Wittstein, G. C.....'.. ... 63
Pharmaeeutical Bxaminations
Smith, J. B..........52
Steggall, J.............53
Pharmaeeutical Journal......64
Pharmacopceia
Baily, J. (Physieian's) ... 10
Beaslev, H. (Synopsis) ... 12 B. F. Unoff. Formulary... 14 |
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INDEX TO J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 7
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|
PAGB
Spa, see also Climate
Cutler, T. ... ... ......21
Wilson, Sir E..........62
Spaïn, see Climate
Spasm
Sharkey, S. J. (K"erve Dis-
ease) ............51 Speaking and Singing, see Voice
Spectacles,*ee Eye
Spectroscope
MacMunn, C. A.......
Speech, Impediments of, see
Stammering Spermatic Cord, see Testis
Soina Bifida
Morton. J.............42
Spinal Cord
Gowers, W. R. (Diseases of) 28
Page, H. W. (Injuries of) 44 Spinal Curvature, see Curvature
Spirillum Fever
Carter, H.V..........17
Spirits
Cooley, A.J.(Manufacture) 20
Gardner, J. (Manufacture) 27 Squint
Schweigger, C..........60
Stammering
Bishop, J.............13
Starch
Allen, A.H.......... 9
State Medieine
Martin, J.............41
Sterility
Duncan, J. M..........23
Stomach, Diseases and Dis-
orders of Brinton, W..........14
Eyre, Sir J.............24
Fenwick, S.............25
Habershon, S. 0.......29
Ward, S. H..........59
Stonc in Bladder, see Bladder
Strathpeffer Spa
Manson, D.............40
Stricture of Rectum, see Rectum
Stricture ofUrethra, see also Urine
Thompson, Sir H.......65 Subcutaueous Surgery, «eeTendons
Sugars..................39
Allen, A.H.......... 9
Surgery
Bryant, T.............15
Butlin, H. T. (Malignant
Disease)............16
Clark, F. Ie G..........39
Cooper's Dictionary......20
Druitt, R.............23
Fayrer, Sir J. (Indian) ... 24
Fergusson, Sir W.......25
Heath, C. (Minor and Ope-
rative)......... ... 31
Hutchinson, J.(CUnical ... 34
Jacobson, W. H. A. (Opera- tive)...............35
Lawrence, Sir W.......S7
Liston, R. (Practical) ... 38
McLeod, K. (Operative) ... 39 Mason, F. (Face) ......41
Pirrie, W....... ... ... 45
Sewill, H. E. (Dental) ... 60
Southam, F. A. (Regional) 63 Stimson, L. A..........64
Swain, W. P. (Emergencies) 54
Taft, J. (Dental) ......55
Tomes, Sir J., andTomes,
C................57
Walsham, W. J.......69
Webb, A. (Ready Rules) 60
Surgery, Aural, see Ear Surgery, Dental, see Dental Surgery
Surgery, Obstetric,*fiöMidwifery Surgery, Orthopa;dic, see Or- thopedie Surgery |
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PAGE
Pres crïptions—continued
Pereira, J.............45
Proctor, B. S..........46
Smith, J. B..........52
Preventive Medieine
Squire, W.............53
Prineiples of Medieine, see
Medieine Prolapsus Ani, see Rectum
Prolapsus Uteri, see Uterine
Diseases Prolonging Life, see Longevity
Proprietary Medicines
Beasley, H..........12
Cooley, A.J..........20
Prostate, Diseases of
Coulson, W. J..........20
Harris, W. P..........30
Hodgson, D..........32
Thompson, Sir H.......55
Psoriasis, see also Skin
Gaskoin, G..........27
Psychology, see Insanity
Public Health, see Health and
Hygiëne Puerperal Diseases, see also
Women Barker, F.............11
Hodges, R.......... ... 32
Schroeder, K..........50
Pulmonary Diseases, see Con-
sumption Purpura
Ward, S. H. ... ......59
Qualitative Aualysis, see Che-
mistry Quantitative Analysis, see Che-
mistry Quarterly Journal of Microsco-
pical Science .........64 Ready Rules in Surgery
Webb, A.............60
Receipts
Beasley, H..........12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Rectum, Diseases of
Allingham, W..........10
Cripps, W. H..........21
Smith, H.............52
Refraction of the Eye
Hartridge, G..........31
Helm,G. F..........32
Regimen, see Diet
Regional Surgery
Heath, C.............31
Southam, F. A..........53
Relapsing Fever
Carter, H. V....... ... 37
Remembraneer
Anatomical .........10
Renal Diseases, see Kidney
Reproductive Orgaus
Aeton, W............. 9
Black, D. C..........14
Keyes,E. L..........37
Rheumatism, see also Gout
Gill, J. B.............28
Hood,P.............33
Ringworm
Thin, G.............55
Wilson, Sir E..........62
Riviera
Bennet, H..........12
Maddcn, T.M..........40
Marcet. W. ... ,.....40
Price, P. C..........45
Sparks,E. 1..........53
Rosé Cold
Mackenzie, Sir M.......39
Royal College of Surgeons
Catatogues............48
Rupture see Hernia
|
PAGE
Rupture of Urinary Bladder
Rivington, W..........47
St. Bartholomew's Hospital
Museum Catalogue ... 49
St. George's Hospital Museum
Catalogue .........49
St. George's Hospital Reports 49
St. Thomas's Hospital Reports 49
Saliva
Fenwick, S. (Liver Dis-
ease)............ ... 25 Sanitary Science, see Hygiëne
Sarcoma
Butlin, H. T..........16
Scale of Medicines for Vcssels,
see Merchant8 Scarlet Fever
Hood,P.............33
Scrofula, see Consumption
Scurvy
Armstrong, Sir A.......10
Ward, S. H..........59
Sea Air and Sea Bathing
Parsons, C..........44
Sea Voyages
Wilson, W. S..........63
Section-Cutting
Marsh, S.............40
Selecta è Preseriptis
Pereira, J.............45
Sewage of Towns, see Manure
S'ex
Williams, Roger (in Dis-
ease) ............62 Shock, see also Surgery
Clark, F. Ie G..........19
Page, H. W..........44
Short Sight, see Eye
Sick Head-ache, see Nervous
Disorders Sick Room Cookery,see Nursing
Sight, Dcfects of, see Eye
Singing and Speaking, see Voice
Skin, Diseases of
Anderson, A. F. (Leprosy) 10
Bulkley, L. D..........16
Carter, H. V. (Indian) ... 17
Fox, G. H, (Photos.) ... 26 Fox, T. (Atlas).........26
Gaskoin, G. (Psoriasis) „. 27
Hutchïnson, J..........34
Hyde, J. N..........34
Logan, D. D..........38
Spender, J. K. (Lower
Limbs) ............53
Thin, G. (Cancer)...... 55
Wilson, Sir E..........62
Skin Cosmetica
Beasley, H.............12
Cooley, A.J..........20
Sleep Walking
Tuke, T.H.............57
Slight Ailments
Beale, L. S...... ......11
Slop Water of Villages
Fox, C, B.............26
Snakes of India
Evvart, J.............24
Fayrer, Sir J..........24
Waring, E. J..........69
Sneezing
Mackenzie, Sir M. (Pa-
roxysmal)............39 Soaps
Camerou, J..........17
Soldiers, HeartDiseaseamongst
Myers, A.B.R..........43 Solvent Remedies in Stone
Thompson, Sir H.......65
Sore Throat, see Throat
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8 INDEX TO J. Zr A. CHÜRCHILES PUBLICATIONS.
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PiQB
Vision, see Bye, also Sight
Vital Action Beale, L. S.............12
Vocabularies, Medical
Dunglison, R..........23
Mayne, R. G..........41
Voiee
Holmes, G.(Cultivation,&c.)33
Voice, Loss of, see Throat
VolumetricAnalysis, see Chemistry
Warming
Constantine, 3. (Practical) 19
Wasting Diseases of Children,
see Children Water
Ekin, C. (Potable) ......23
Fox,C.B.(Examination)... 26
Harrison, J. B. (Poisoning byLead)............30
Macdonald, J. D. (Bx-
amination) .,.......39
Martin, J. (InfluenceofJ... 41
Weak Sight, see Bye
Weather, Ciimate, and Disease
Haviland, A..........31 Weight of Body
Boyd, R.............14
West Coast of Afrïca, see Africa
Westminster Hospital Reports 61
West Riding Lunatie Asylum
Reports ............61
Wife, Advice to a
Chavasse, P. H..........
Wine
Cooley, A.J. (Manufacture) 20
Gardner J. (Manufacture) 27 Winter and Spring on the
Mediterranean Bennet, H.... .........12 Winter Cough, see Cough
Women, Diseases of
Alexander, W.(Üterine) ... 9
Aveling, J. H..........10
Barker, F. (Puerperal) ... 11
Barnes, R.............11
Bennet, H. (Üterine) ... 12
Bryant, T. (Ovarian) ... 16 Byford, W. H. & H. T. ... 17 Chavasse, P. H.......18
Clay, C. (Ovarian) ... „. 19
Clay, J. (Ovarian) ......19
Courty, A.............20
Doran, A. G. (Operations) 22
Duncan, J. M..........23
Emmet» T. A..........24
Galabin, A. L..........27
Hodges, R. (Puerperal) ... 32
Kiwisch (Ovarian) ......19
Lee, R. (Ovarian) ......37
Mitchell, S.Weir (Nervous) 41
Reynolds, J. J..........47
Savage, H, (Surgieal) ... 50
Schroeder, K. (Puerperal) 50 Smith, H.............52
Smith, J. G. (Abdominal) 52
Thomas, T. G..........55
Tilt, E. J.............57
Wells, Sir T. S. (Ovarian) 60
West, C.............61
Wright, H. G. (üterine) ... 63
Wounds, Tïeatment of
Gamgee, J. S..........27
Year Book of Pharmacy......64
Yellow Fever
Lawsou R.............37
Sullivan, J..........53
Zooiogy, see also Anatomy
Greene, J. R. (Tables) ... 28
Wilson, A.............62 Zymofic Diseases
WohT.A.............63
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FAGB
Tumours of Bladder, see Bladder
Tumours of Groin, see 'Hernia
Tumours (Ovarian), see Ovarian
Tunis, see Ciimate
Turkish Bath
Constantine, J..........19
Wilson, Sir E..........62
Tympanites
Ogle, J. W..........43
Typhoid Fever
Cayley, W.............17
Irvine, J. P..........35
Ulcers
Carter, H. V. (Pcyerian)... 17
Gay, J. (Indolent) ......27
Spender, J. K..........63
Ulcer of Rectum, see Rectum
Undereliff
Whitehead.J.L. (Ciimate) 61
Urethra
Cripps, H. (PaBsageof Air) 21
Fenwick, E. H. (Elect. Illumination).........24 Urine, Urinary Diseases andCalculi
Acton.W............. 9
Beale, L. S....... :.. 11
Bird, G.............13
Black, D.C..........14
Brunton.T. Ij. (Digitalis) 15
Carter, H. V. (Calculi) ... 17 Carter, W.............17
Freyer, P. J..........27
Harrison, R..........31
Keyes, E. L..........38
Lee, H.............37
Thompson, Sir H. 55 & 50
Thudichum, J. L. W. ... 66 Todd, R. B.............67
Whittaker, J. T. (Primer) 61
Uterine Diseases
Alexander, W.......... 9
Bennet, H.............12
Courtv, A.............20
Tilt, E. J.............67
Wells, Sir T. S..........60
Wright, H. G..........63
Uterus
Lee, R. (Ganglia and
Nerves of) .........38 Uvula, Elongated, see Throat
Vaccination
Warlomont, E........-. 59
Vaccinia and Variola
Buist, J. B..........16
Valvular Disease of Heart, see
Heart Varnishes
Cameron, J..........17
Vegetable Fibres
Wagner, R.............58
Venlilation
Constantine, J. (Practical) 19
Vertebrated Animals
Huxley,T.H.(Anatomyof) 34
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PAGE
Surgieal Anatomy, see Anatomy
Surgieal Diagnosis,see Diagnosis Surgieal Dictionary.seeBictionaries Surgieal Diseases of Women, see Women
Surgieal Emergencies, see Emergencies
Surgieal Pathoïogy, see Pathology SuspendedAnimation,8eeDrown- |
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Cooper, A.............20
Coulson, W. J..........20
Fox, G. H. (Photos.) ... 26
Hamilton.J. (Osteitis, &e.) 29 Keyes, E. L..........37
Lee.H.............38
Oppert, F.............43
Eobinson, T..........47
Whistier, W. M. (Larynx) 61
Syria, see Egypt and Ciimate
Tannin
Allen, A. H.......... 9
Technology, Chemical
Wagner, R......, ... 58
Teeth Cosmetics
Beasley.H..........12
Cooley, A. J..........20
Teeth, Diseases, &c., of
Heath, C. (Jaws) ......31
Leber and Rottenstein ... 37
Sewill, H. E..........51
Taft, J.............54
Tomes, J.............57
Temperament
Hutchinson,.T..........34
T endons, Reparative Process of
Adams, W............. 9 Tension
Bryant, T.............25
Testis, Diseases of
Osbcrn, S.............44
Thanatophidia, see Snakes of India
Therapeutieg
Binz, C.............13
Jones, H.B..........36
Lescher, F. H. (recent) 37
Phillips, C. D. F.......45
Kogers, J.............48
Eoyle, J. F., and Harlcy, J. 49
Stocken, J. (Dental) ... 64 Thorowgood, J. C.......66
Tilt, E. J. (üterine)....., 57
Tuson, R. V. (Veterinary) 58
Wahltush, A. (Dictionary) 59 Waring, E. J..........59 Throat, Diseases of
Fenwick, 8.............25
Holroes, G.............33
James, M. P..........35
Mackenzie, Sir M.......39
Whistier, W. M. (Syphilis
of Larynx) .........61 Thyrocele
Bobinsor), VV..........48
Tiger (Royal) of Bengal
Fayrer, Sir J........,. 24
Topographical Anatomy, see
Anatomv Toxicology, see Poisons
Tracheotomy
Mackenzie, Sir M.......39
Transfusion of Blood
Roussel, J.............48
Transmission of Disease, see
Hereditary Tropical Campaigns
Duncan, A.............23
Tropical Climates, see India,
also Afriean Coast Tuberculosis, see Consumption
Tnmours (Abdominal) see Ab-
dominal Tumours (Cancorous), see Cancer
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Vesico-Vaginal Fistula, see Women
Veterinary Medicine |
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.....
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/. & A. CHURCHILVS PUBLICATIONS.
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9
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ABEBCBOMBIE (JOHN), M.D., 3P.B.C.P., Senior Assistant Physician to, late Lecturer on
Forensic Medieine at, Charing Cross Hospita], The Student's Guide to Medical Jurisprudence. 387 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, 7*. U. [1885]
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ACTON (WILLIAM), M.B.C.S.
The Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive
Organs in Childhood, Youth, Adult Age, and Advanced Life, con-
sidered in their Physiological, Soeial, and Moral Relations. Sixth Edition. 266 pp. 8vo, 12». [1875] |
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ADAMS ("WILLIAM), P.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Great Northern, and Consulting Surgeon to the
National Orthopa?dic Ho |
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|
On the Pathology and Treatment of Lateral and other
Porras of Curvature of the Spine. Second Edition. With 5 Plates and
72 Engravings. 302 pp. 8vo, lOs. U. [1882] Clubfoot: its Causes, Pathology, and Treatment. Jacksonian
Prize Essay. Second Edition. With 106 Engravings and 6 Plates. 464 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1873] On the Reparative Process in Human Tendons after
Subeutaneous Division for the Cure of Deformities. With Plates,
175 pp. 8vo, (is. [1860] On Contraction of the Fingers, and its Treatment by
Subeutaneous Operation: and on Obliteration of Depressed Cica-
triees by the same Method. With 30 Illustrations. 80 pp. 8vo, 4». 6d. [1879] |
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ALEXANDEB (WILLIAM), M.D., P.B.C.S., Visiting-Surgeon to the Liverpool Parishlnfirmary.
The Treatment of Backward Displacements of the
Uterus and of Prolapsus Uteri, by the New Method of shortening the
Poxmd Ligaments. With Engravings. 71 pp. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1884] |
|||||||||||||||||
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ALLAN (JAMES W.), M.B., Physician Superintendent, City of Glasgow Fever Hospital.
Outlines of Infectious Diseases: for the use of Olinical
Students. 120 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3s. [1886]
|
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ALLEN (ALPBED H.), F.C.S., F.I.C., Public Analyst for the West Kiding of Yorkshire, &c.
Commercial Organic Analysis. A Treatise on the Pro-
perties, Modes of Assaying, and Proximate Analytical Examination of the various
Organic Chemicals and Prodncts employed in the Arts, Manufactures, Medieine, &c. With Concise Methods for the Detection and Determination of their Impurities, Adulterations, and Products of Decomposition. Second Edition. Vol. I. Alcohols, Neutral Alcoholie Derivatives, Sugars, Starch and its Isomers,
Vegetable Acids, &c. With Illustrations. 476 pp. 8vo, lés. [1885] Vol. II. Fixed Oils and Fats Hydroearbons, Phenols, &c. With Illustrations
8vo, 17s. 6d. [1886] Vol. III. Aromatic Acids, Tannins, Colouring Matters, Cyanogen Compounds,
Organic Bases, Albuminoids, &c. (In the IVess] |
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/. è A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS.
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IO
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ALLEN (PETEB), M.D., Late Aural Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital.
Aural Catarrh ; or, the Commonest Forms of Deafness, and their
Cure. Second Edition. With Engravings. 383 pp. Crown 8vo, 8s. 6d. [1874] |
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|
ALLLKTGHAM (WILLIAM), E.B.C.S., Senior Surgeon to St. Mark'8 Hospital for Fistula and
Diseases of the Kectum. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the
Eeetum. Fifth Edition. By Heebeet Wm. AllinghAM, F.R.C.S., Surgeon
to the Great Northern Central Hospital, Assistant-Surgeon to St. Mark's Hospital, Demonstrator of Anatomy at St. George's Hospital. With 53 Engravings. 366 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6rf. [1888] AETATOMICAL BEMEMBBAKTCEB (THE): or, Complete Pocket Anatomist.
Eighth Edition. 297 pp. 32mo, 3s. 6d. |
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ABTDEBSOBT (ANDEBW F.), M.D., Colonial Surgeon at Singapore.
Fourteen Coloured Photographs of Leprosy as met
with in the Straits Settlements. With Explanatory Notes. 4to, 31s. 6d.
_______________ [1872] ABMATAGE (GEOBGE), M.B.C.V.S.
The Veterinarian's Pocket Remembrancer : being Concise
Mrections for the Treatment of Urgent or Rare Cases, embracing Semeiology,
Diagnosis, Prognosis, Surgery, Therapeutics, Toxicology, Detection of Poisona by their appropriate tests, Hygiëne, &c. Second Edition, 179 pp. Post 18mo, 3s. [1884]
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ABMSTBOKTG (SIB ALEXANDEB), K.C.B., M.D., F.B.S., late Direetor-General of the
Naval Medical Department. Observations on Naval Hygiëne and Scurvy : more
particularly as the latter appeared during a Polar Voyage. 117 pp. 8vo, 5s.
[1858]
AT/STIET (THOMAS J.), M.B.C.S., Formerly Medical Officer at Bethnal House Asylum.
A Practical Account of General Paralysis; its Mental
and Phy3ical Symptoms, Statistics, Causes, Seat, and Treatment. 225 pp.
8vo, 6a. _______________ [1859] AVELING (JAMES H.), M.D., Physieian to the Chelsea Hospital for Women
The Influence of Posture on Women in Gynecic and
Obstetric Fractice. With Engravings. 182 pp. 8vo, 6». [1878]
English Midwives: their History and Prospects. 187 pp.
Crown 8vo, 5s. [1872]
The Chamberlens and the Midwifery Forceps: Memorials
of the Family, and an Essay on the Invention of the Instrument. With
Engravings. 231 pp. 8vo, Is. 6d, [1882] |
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BAILY (J.).
A Physician's Pharmacopceia : containing Formulse of Un-
official Preparations with the object of securing Uniformity in Dispensing and
* to discourage Secret Nostrums. 106 pp. 18mo, bound in roan, 3"*. 6d. [1885] |
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J. & A. CHURCHILLS PUBLICATJONS. Il
BALEOTJE (GEOEGE W.), M.D., P.B.C.P., Late Physician to the Eoyal Infirmary, Bdinburgh.
Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Heart and Aorta.
Second Edition. With Engravings. 469 pp. 8vo., 12s. Gd. [1882]
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BALKWTLL (PEABTCIS H.), L.D.S.B.C.S.,MemberoftheOdontological Society.
Mechanical Dentistry in Gold and Vulcanite : arranged
with regard to the Difficulties of the Pupil, the Mechanical Assistant, and the
Young Practitioner. With 2 Lithograpliic Plates and 57 Engravings. 190 pp. 8vo, lOs. [1880] |
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BAECLAY (A. WHYTE), M.D., E.B.C.P., late Physician to St. George's Hospital.
A Manual of Medical Diagnosis. Third Edition. 669 pp.
Pcap. 8vo, 10*. Gd. [1870]
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BAEKEB (EOEDYCE), M.D., Ohstetric Physician to Belle Vue Hospital, New York.
Clinical Lectures on Puerperal Diseases. 526 pp. 8vo,
15». [1874] BABNES (BOBEBT), M.D., P.E.C.P., Consulting Obstetrio Physician to St. George's Hospital, &c.
Lectures on Obstetrio Operations, including the Treat-
ment of Haamorrhage, and forming a Guide to the Management of Difficult
Labour. Pourth Edition, with 121 Engravings. 503 pp. 8vo, 12s. 6d. [1886] A Clinical History of the Medical and Surgical Diseases
ofWomen. Second Edition. With 181 Engravings. 918 pp. 8vo, 28s. [1878]
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BA8IL (M. M.), M.A., M.B., CM. Edin.
The Commoner Diseases and Accidents to Life and
Limb: their Prevention and their Immediate Treatment. 104 pp.
Crown 8vo, 2s. Gd. [1887] |
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BEALE (X.IOHEL S.), P.E.C.P., P.B.S., Physician to King's College Hospital, and Professor of
Medicme in King's College. The Microscope in Medicine. Fourth Edition. With
86 Plates, containing more than 500 Illustrations. 539 pp. 8vo, 21s. [1878]
Urinary and Renal Derangements and Calculous Dis-
orders ; Hints on Diagnosis and Treatment. 265 pp. 8vo, 5*. [1885] One Hundred Urinary Deposits, with brief Directions
for the Clinical Examination of Urine. Second Edition. Eight Plates
(113 Pigures) and Text, 4to, 5$. [1883] On Slight Ailments: their Nature and Treatment. Second
Edition. 275 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1882]
Life Theories: their Influence upoii Religious Thought. With
6 Coloured Plates. 97 pp. Post 8vo, 5s. Gd. [1871]
The Mystery of Life: an Essay in reply to Dr. Guli's Attack
on the Theory of Vitality in his Harveian Oration for 1870. With 2 Coloured Plates. 71 pp. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1871] Bioplasm: an Intr'oduction to Physiology and Medi-
cine. With Plates. 345 pp. Crown 8vo, Gs. Gd. [1872] * fContinued on next page.
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BEALE—continued.
The Machinery of Life : A Lecture. 47 pp. Crown 8vo, 2*.
[1875]
On Life and on Vital Action in Health and Disease:
being the Lumleian Lectures delivered before the Eoyal College of Physicians.
110 pp. Crown 8vo, 5*. [1875] Chest Forms for Recording Physical Signs. (20 forms.)
Second Edition. Is. [1878]
Our Morality and the Moral Question: chiefly from the
Medical Side. 191 pp. Crown 8vo, 2s. Gd. [1887]
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BEASLEY (HENBY).
The Book of Prescriptions: containing upwards of 3000
Prescriptions. Collected from the Practice of the most eminent Physicians and
Surgeons, English and Foreign, with a History of the Materia Medica, Lists of Doses, and an Index of Diseases and Remedies. Sixth Edition. 593 pp. 18mo, 6*. W. [1883] The Druggist's General Receipt-Book; comprising a
copious Veterinary Eormulary; numerous Recipes in Patent and Proprietory
Medicines, Druggists' Nostrnms, &c.; Perfumery, and Cosmetics; Beverages, Dietetic Artieles, and Condiments; Photographic Chemicals and Formulse; Trade Chemicals, Scientific Processes, and an Appendix of Useful Tables. Ninth Edition. 507 pp. 18mo, 6*. 6d. [1886] The Pocket Formulary and Synopsis of the British
and Foreign Pharmaeopceias: comprising standard, approved, and most
recent Formulse for the Preparations and Compounds employed in Medical Practice. Eleventh Edition. 517 pp. 18mo, 6s. Gd. [1886] |
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BENNET (HENBY), M.D., formerly Physician-Accoucheur to the Eoyal Free Hospital
A Practical Treatise on Uterine Diseases. Fourth
Edition. 600 pp. 8vo, 12s. [1861]
Winter and Spring on the Shores of the Mediter-
ranean. Flfth Edition, with numerous Plates, Maps, and Engravings. 655 pp.
Post 8vo, 12s. 6d. [1875] On the Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption by
Hygiëne, Climate, and Medieine. With an Appendix on the Sanitaria of
the United States, Switzerland, and the Balearic Isles. Third Edition. 286 pp. 8vo, 7s. 6d. [1878] |
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BELLAMY (EDWAED), F.E.C.S., Surgeon to, and Leeturer on Surgery at, Charing Cross
Hospital. The Student's Guide to Surgical Anatomy. Third
Edition. With 81 Engravings. 373 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 7s. 6d. [1885]
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BENNETT (SIE J. BISDON), M.D., P.E.C.P., Consulting Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital.
Cancerous and other Intra-Thoracic Growths, their
Natura! History and Diagnosis. With Plates. 189 pp. Post 8vo, 8s. [1872]
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BENTLEY (BOBEET), P.L.S., M.E.C.S., AND HENEY TEIMEN, M.B., P.L.S.,
P.R.S., Director of the Koyal Botanie Gardens, Péradeniya, Ceylon.
Medicinal Plants : being Descriptions with original Figures of
the Principal Plants employed in Medieine, and an account of their Properties and Uses. In 4 Vols. Large 8vo, with 306 Coloured Plates, bound in half morocco, gilt edges, £H lis. [1880] |
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BENTLEY (BOBEBT), I\L.S., M.B.C.S., late Professor of Botany in King's College, to the
Pharmaceutical Society, and to the London Institution. A Manual of Botany, including the Structure, Classification,
Properties, TJses, and Functions of Plants. Fifth Edition. With 1178
Engravings. 902 pp. Crown 8vo, 15s. [1887] The Student's Guide to Structural, Morphologioal,
and Physiological Botany. With 660 Engravings. Fcap. 8vo, Is. 6d.
[1883]
The Student's Guide to Systematic Botany, including
the Classification of Plants and Descriptive Botany. With 357
Engravings. Feap. 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1884] |
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BIG-Gr (H. HEATHEB), formerly Assoeiate of the Institute of Civil Enginecrs.
Orthopraxy: the Mechanical Treatment of Deformities,
Debilities, and Deficiënties of the Human Frame. Third Edition. With 319 Engravings. 8vo, 15s. [1877] The Gentle Treatment of Spinal Curvature. 64 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, 2». [1875
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BIGG (B. HEATHEB), L.B.C P. and L.B.C.S. Edin., Assoeiate of the Institate of Civil
Engineers. The Orthopragms of the Spine: an Essay on the Curative
Mechanisms applicable to Spinal Curvature. 150 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1880]
Spinal Curvature : comprising a Description of the various
Types of Curvature of the Spine, with the Mechanical Appliances best suited for
their Treatment. Illustrated with numerous Pen-and-Ink Drawings. 128 pp. 8vo, Ss. Gd. ■ [1882 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
BIÏTZ (O, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology in the üniversity of Bonn.
The Elements of Therapeutics : a Clinical Guide to the
Aetion of Medicines. Translated from the Fifth German Edition, and Edited
with Additions, in conformity with the British and American Pharmacopceias, by Edward I. Spaeks, M.A., M.B. Oxon., F.R.C.P. Lond. 349 pp. Crown 8vo, 8». 6d. [1877] |
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BIED (GOLD-ING), M.D., F.B.S., formerly Physiclan to Guy's Hospital.
Urinary Deposits; their Diagnosis, Pathology, and Thera-
peutical Indications. With Engravings. Fifth Edition. Edited by E. Lloyd
Birkett, M.D. 494 pp. Post 8vo, lOs. Gd. [1857] |
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BISHOP (JOHN), E.B.C.S., formerly Consaltiog Surgeon to the Korth Dispensary.
On Deformities of the Human Body; their Pathology and
Treatment. With Engravings. 266 pp. 8vo, lOs. [1852]
On Articulate Sounds and on the Causes and Cure of
Impediments of Speech. 79 pp. Svo, 4s. [1851]
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J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS.
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BLACK (D. CAMPBELL), M.D., late Extr. Physician to the Glasgow Eoyal Infirmary.
On the Functional Diseases of the Urinary and Repro-
duetive Organs. Second Edition. 312 pp. 8vo, lOs. %d. [1875]
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BLACKWELL (ELIZABETH), M.D.
The Human Element in Sex : being a Medieal Enquiry into
the Relation of Sexual Physiology to Christiau Moraiity. Fourth Edition.
8vo, 2». _________________ [1887] BLOXAM (CHABLES L.),late Professor of Chemistry in King's College, and in the Department of
Artillery Studies, Woolwieh. Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic; with Bxperiments.
Sixth Edition. With 288 Illustrations. 788 pp. 8vo, 18s. [1887]
Laboratory Teaching; or Progressive Exercises in Practical
Chemistry. Fifth Edition. With 89- Engravings. 255 pp. Crown 8vo,
5». 6d. ' [1886] |
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BOWLBY (AETTHOETY A.), F.B.C.S., Surgical Eegistrar and Demonstrator of Surgical Pathology
at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Surgical Pathology and Morbid Anatomy. (Student's
Guide Series). With 135 Engravings. Fcap. 8vo, 9s. [1887]
|
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BOWMAET (JOHN E.), AND CHABLES L. BLOXAM, late Professor of Cliemistry in
King's College, London, and in the Department of Artillery Studies, Woolwieh. Practical Chemistry, including Analysis. With 90 En-
gravings. Eighth Edition. 248 pp. Eoap. 8vo, 5s. 6d. [1885] |
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BOYD (BOBEBT), M.D., F.B.C.P., formerly Physician to the Somerset County Lunatic Asylum.
Table of the Average Weights of the Human Body,
and of Several of the Internal Organs, at Eighteen Periods of Life,
in both Sexes. Is., or Mounted and Varnished, 2s. [1882] Table of the Average Weights of the Insane, Is., or
Mounted and Varnished, 2s. [1882]
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BBATJITE (WILHELM), Professor of Anatomy in the University of Leipzig.
An Atlas of Topographical Anatomy, after Plane Sections
of Erozen Bodies. Translated by Edward Bellamy, F.R.O.S., Surgeon to, and
Leeturer on Surgery at, Charing Cross Hospital. With 34 Photo-lithographic Plates, 46 Woodeuts. 200 pp. text. Large imp. 8vo, 40s. [1877] |
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BBUfTOW (WILLIAM), M.D., F.B.S., formerly Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital.
Lectures on Diseases of the Stomach : with an Introduction
on its Anatomy and Physiology. Seeond Edition. With Engravings. 368 pp.
8vo, lOs. 6d. [1864J BBITISH PHABMACETJTICAL CONEEBENCE.
Unomcial Pormulary, 1888. Compiled by a Committee of the
Conference. 27 pp. 8vo, Gd. Interleaved, with linen wrapper, Is. [1888] |
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/. ê A. CHURCHILES PUBLICATIONS. 15
BBODHTJRST (BBENABD E.), F.R.C.S., Surgeon to the Eoyal Orthopedie Hospital.
Lectures on Orthopsedic Surgery. Second Edition. "With
78 Engravinga. 268 pp. 8vo, 12*. Gd. [1876]
On Curvatures and Disease of the Spine. Fourth Edition.
With 34 Engravinga. 133 pp. 8vo, 7*. 6d. [1888]
On the Nature and Treatment of Clubfoot and Analo-
gous Distortions involving the Tibio-Tarsal Articulation. With
Engravinga. 134 pp. 8vo, 4s. Gd. [1856] On Anchylosis, and the Treatment for the Removal
of Deformity and the Restoration of Mobility in Various Joints.
Fourth Edition. With Engravinga. 112 pp. 8vo, 5«. [1881] |
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|
BEOWN (J. CAMPBELL), D.So. Lond., Professor of Chemistry in Victoria University and
University College, Liverpool. Practical Chemistry. Part I. Qualitative Exercises and
Analytical Tablea for Students. Third Edition. 56 pp. Svo, 2s. Gd. [1887]
|
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BETTH'TOM' (T. LATTDEB), M.D., P.R.S., Assistant Physician to, and Lecturer ou Materia Medica
at, St. Bartnolomew's Hospital. On Digitalis. With some Observations on the Urine. 132 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, is. Gd. [1868] |
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|
BRYAETT (THOMAS), F.R.C.S., Consulting Surgeon to Guy's Hospital.
A Manual for the Practice of Surgery. Fourth Edition.
With 750 Illuatrations (many being coloured), and including 6 Chromo-Litho-
graph Platea, specially drawn for this edition. 2 vols. 1520 pp. Crown 8vo. 32s. 1884]
Hunterian Lectures on Tension, as met with in Surgi-
cal Practice : Inflammation of P»one ; and on Cranial and Intra-
Oranial Injuries. Delivered beiore the E.CS. Eng., June 1888. 146pp. «vo, 6s. [1888] The Mode of Death from Acute Intestinal Strangula-
tion and Chronic Intestinal Obstruction. Harveian Lectures, 1884. 52
pp. 8vo, 3s. [1885] On the Diseases and Injuries of the Joints, Clinical and
Pathologieal Observations. 273 pp. Post 8vo, 7«. Gd. [1869]
Clinical Surgery. Parts I. to VII. Svo, 3*. Qd. each.
Ovariotomy. 151 pp. 8vo, 4*. 6d. [1867] |
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|
BTJCKLE (FLEETWOOD), M.D.
Vital and Economical Statistics of the Hospitals, In-
flrmaries, &c, of England and "Wales. 78 pp. Eoyal 8vo, 5s. [1865]
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BUCKNILL (JOHN O, M.D., F.B.S., formerly Lord Chaneellor's Visitor in Lunacy; and
D.HACK TUEE, M.D., LL.D., F.B.C.P., Co-Editor of the Journal of Mental Science. A Manual of Psychological Medicine: containing the
Lunacy Laws, Nosology, ^Etiology, Statistics, Deacription, Diagnosis, Pathology,
and Treatment of Insanity, with an Appendix of Cases. Fourth Edition, with 12 Platea (30 Figures.) 815 pp. 8vo, 25s. [1879] |
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16 f.é A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS.
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BUIST (JOHN B.1, M.D., F.B S. and F.B.C.P. Edin., Physician to the Western Dispensary
and Teacher of Vaccination for the Local Government Board. Vaccinia and Variola : a Study of their Life History. With
24 Coloured Plates. 224 pp. Crown 8vo, Is. M. [1887] |
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|
BULKLET (L. DUETCAM"), A.M., M.D., Physician for Skin and Venereal Diseases at the New York
Hospital. Maimal of Diseases of the Skin, with an Analysis of 8000
Consecutive Cases and a Forinulary. 312 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. Gd. [1882]
Acne : its Etiology, Pathology, and Treatment. A Practical
Treatise based upon a Study of 1,500 Cases of Sebaceous Disease. WithEngrav-
ings. 280 pp. 8vo, 10». [1885] |
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BUBDETT (HEIfBT O.), late Secretary to the Seamen's Hospital Society, Greenwich.
Pay Hospitals and Paying "Wards throughout the
World. Facts in Support of a Re-arrangement of tlie Englisli System of
Medical Relief. 176 pp. 8vo, 7s. [1879] |
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BUBNETT (CHABLES H.), M.D., Aural Surgeon to the Prcsbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia.
The Ear : lts Anatomy, Physiology, and Discases. A Practical
Treatise for the Use of Medical Students and Practitioners. Seeond Edition.
With 107 Engravings. 585 pp. 8vo, 18». [1884] |
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BÏÏETON (JOHKT E.), M.B.C.S., L.B.C.P., Surgeon to the Liverpool Hospital for Women.
Handbook of Midwifery for Midwives: from the Official
Handbook for Prussian Midwives. Seeond Edition. With Engravings. 308 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, 6s. [1884] |
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BUTLIN (HETJBY T.), F.B.C. S„ Assistant-Surgeon and Demonstrator of Surgery, &c, to St. Car-
tholomew's Hospital. Sarcoma and Carcinoma: their Pathology, Diagnosis, and
Treatment. With 4 Lithographic Plates. 202 pp. 8vo, 8». [1882] Malignant Disease (Sarcoma and Carcinoma) of the
Larynx. AVith Engravings, 64 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1S83]
The Operative Surgery of Malignant Disease. With
Engravings. 416 pp. 8vo, lis. [1887]
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BUZZABD (THOMAS), M.D., F.B.C.P., Physician to the National Hospital for the Paralysed and
Epileptic. Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System.
With Engravings. 466 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1882]
On Some Forms of Paralysis from Peripheral Neuritis:
of Gouty, Alcoholic, Diphtheritic, and other origin. The Harveian Lectures for
1885. With Engravings. 147 pp. Crown 8vo, 5*. [1886] |
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J. & A. CHURCHILVS PUBLICATIONS. 17
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BYFOBD (W. H.), A.M., M.D., Professor of Gvnsecology in Eush Medical College, Ac, and
BYPOBD (H. T.)> M.D., Surgeon to the vVoman's Hospital, Chioago. The Practice of Medicine and Surgery, applied to the
Diseases and Aocidents incident to Women. Fourth Edition, with 306
Engravings. 820 pp. Roy. övo, 25s. [1888] |
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|
CAMEBON (JAMES), P.I.C., Analyst in the Laboratory, Somerset House.
Oils and Varnishes. With Engravings. 376 pp. Crown
8vo, 7s. 6d. [1886]
Soaps and Candles. "With 54 Engravings. 306 pp. Crown
8vo, 7*. [1888]
CABPEUTEB fWILLIAM B), C.B., M.D., F.B.S., late Eegistrar to the University of London.
Principles of Human Physiology. Ninth Edition. Edited
by Mr. Heney Power. With Steel Hates and 377 Engravings. 1100 pp.
Eoyal 8vo, 31s. 6d. [1881] The Microscope and its Kevelations. Seventh Edition,
Edited by JRev. Dr. Dallinger, F.E.S., with 26 Plates, 500 Engravings and a
Coloured Frontispiece. pp. 8vo. [In thepresa.] |
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CABTEB (H. VABTDYKE), M.D., Surgeon-Major H.M. Indian Medical Service.
Spirillum Fever—Synonyms, Famine or Relapsing Fever, as
seen in Western India. With Plates. 460 pp. 8vo, 21*. [1882] The Microscopic Structure and mode of Formation of
Urinary Caleuli. With 4 Plates. 51 pp. 8vo, hs. [1873]
Mycetoma, or the Fungus Disease of India. 130 pp.
Text, 11 Coloured Plates. 4to, 42*. [1874]
On a Peyerian TTlcer-lesion of the Small Intestines,
apparently New. With 10 Plates. 114 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1887]
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CABTEB (WILLIAM), M.B., LL.B., P.B.C.P., Pbysician to the Liverpeol Eoyal Southern
Hospital. Clinical Reports on Eenal and Urinary Diseases, with
Comments. 291 pp. Crown 8vo, Is. 6d. [1878]
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CAYLEY (WILLIAM), M.D., Physieian to, and Lecturer on Medicine at, Middlesex Hospital ;
Physician to the London Fever Hospital. Croonian Lectures on some Points in the Pathology
and Treatment of Typhoid Fever. Delivered at the Royal College of
Physioians of London. 126 pp. Crown 8vo, 4». Qd. [1880] |
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CHAPMAN (JOHN), M.D.,
Neuralgia and Kindred Diseases of the Nervous
System; their Nature, Causes, and Treatment. 512 pp. 8to, 14*. [1873]
B
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i8 J. è A. CHURCHILLS PUBLICATIONS.
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CHAETEEIS (M.), M.D., Professor of Therapeulies and Materia Medioa, Glasg-ow Uniyersity.
The Student's Guide to the Practice of Medieine.
Fifth Edition. With Engravings on Copper and Wood. 632 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Os.
[1888]
Health-Resorts at Home and Abroad. With Map. Seeond
Edition. 212 pp. Crown 8vo, 5«. Gd. L1SS7J
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CHATTVEATJ (A.), Professor at the Lyons Veterinary School; and GEOEGE FLEMIMG»
Principal Veterinary Surgeon of the Army. The Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Ani-
mals. With 450 Engravings. 957 pp. 8vo, 31s. Gd. [1873]
|
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CHAVASSE (PTTE H.), F.E.C.S.
Advice to a Mother on the Management of her
Children. One-Hundred-and-Sixtieth Thousand. 334 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. Gd.
[1888]
Advice to a Wife on the Management of her Own
Health. With an Introductory Chapter, especially addressed to a Young;
Wife. Two-Hundredth Thousand. 307 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 2». Gd. [1889] *** The above works can also be had bound in leather, gilt lettered, 3s. Gd. each.
Counsel to a Mother on the Care and Hearing of her
Children; being the Compaoion Volume of " Advice to a Mother." Twentieth
Thousand. 256 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. U. [1884] Aphorisms on the Mental Culture and Training of a
Child, and on various other Subjects relating to Health and Happiness. Fifth
Thousand. 268 pp. Fcap. Svo, 2». Gd. • [1883] |
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CHEVEES (M'OEMAM'), C.I.E., M.D., P.E.C.S., Deputy Surgeon-General H.M. Indian Army.
A Commentary on the Diseases of India. 816 pp.
8vo, 24s. [1886]
|
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|
CHUECHILIi (FEEDEBICK), CM., Surgeon to the Victoria Hospital for Children.
Face and Foot Deformities. With Plates and Illustrations
of New Appliances for the Cure of Birth-Mark, Club-Foot, &c. 200 pp. Svo,
10*. Gd. [1885] |
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CHTTECHILL'S TECHMOLOGICAL HAMDBOOKS.
The Brewer, Di stiller, and Wine Manufacturer. See
Gardner (John).
Bleaching, Dyeing, and Calico-printing. See Gardner
(John). Acetic Acid and Vinegar, Ammonia, and Alum. See
Gakdner (John).
Oils and Varnishes. See Cameron (James). Soaps and Candles. See Cameron (James). |
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/ 6 A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 19
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CLAEK (F. LE GBOS), F.E.C.S., F.B.S., Consulting Surgeon to St. Thomas's and the Great
Northern Hospitals.
Iiectures on the Principles of Surgical Diagnosis,
especially in relation to Shock and Visceral Lesions, delivered at
the Eoyal College of Surgeons. 345 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1870] Outlines of Surgery and Surgical Pathology. Second
Edition. 350 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1872]
|
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|
CLARKE (J. FEBÜTANDEZ), M.B.C.S., for manyyears on the Editorial Staff of the Lancet.
Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Pro-
fession: being Personal Reminiseences of many Distinguished Medical Men
during the last Forty Years. 537 pp. Post 8vo, 5». [1874] |
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CLATT (JOHN), M.E.C.S., Professor of Midwifery at Queen's College, Birraingham.
Kiwisch on Diseases of the Ovaries. Translated from
the German, with Notes and Appendix on Ovariotomy, containing details of
537 Operations. 430 pp. Eoyal 12mo, 16». [1860] |
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CLOTJSTOET (T. S.), M.D. and F.B.C.P. Edin., Physician Superintendent of the Eoyal Edinburgh
Asylura ; Lecturer on Mental Diseases in the University of Edinburgh. Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases. Second Edition.
With 8 Plates (6 Coloured). 643 pp. Crown 8vo, 12». 6d. [1887]
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CLOWES (FBANK), D.Sc., Professor of Chemistry at the University College, Nottingham.
Practical Chemistry and Qualitative Inorganic Ana-
lysis. Adapted for use in the Laboratories of Colleges and Schools. Fourth
Edition. With 55 Engravings and Frontispiece. 376 pp. Post 8vo, 7». 6d.
_______________ [1885]
COLES (OAKLEY), L.D.S.B.C.S., late Dental Surgeon to the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat.
A Manual of Dental Mechanies, with an Account of the
Materials and Appliances used in Mechanical Dentistry. Second Edition.
With 140 Engravings. 288 pp. Crown 8vo, 7». 6d. [1876] Deformities of the Mouth, Congenital and Acquired,
with their Mechanical Treatment. With 83 Wood EngraTings and 96
Drawings on Stone. 223 pp. 8vo. 12*. 6d. [1881] |
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COIjIjIS (MATJBICE H.), M.D., formerly Examiner in Surgery to th« Queen's UniTersity in Irdand.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and the
Tumours Analogous to it. With Coloured Plates. 317 pp. 8ro, 7». 6d.
[1864]
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CONSTANTINE (JOSEPH).
Practical Ventilation and Warming. With Ulustrations
and Examples, and Suggestions on the Construction and Heating, &c, of
Disinfecting Eooms and Turkish Baths. With 52 Engravings and Plates. 160 pp. 8vo. 6». [1881] |
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OOOLEY (AEÏÏOLD J.).
The Cyclopsedia of Practical Receipts, and Collateral
Information in the Arts, Manufactures, Frofessions, and Trades,
including Medicine, Pharmacy, Hygiëne, and Domestic Economy; designed as a Comprehensive Supplement to the Pharmaeopoeia, and General
Book of Keferenee for the Manufacturer, Tradesman, Amateur, and Heads of Families. Sixth Edition, by Prof. Tuson, F.I.C., F.C.S., assisted by several scientific contributors. With many Engravings. 2 vols. 1800 pp. 8vo, 42s. [1880]
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COOPEB (ALFRED), P.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Look Hospital, to St. Mark's and to the West London
Hospitals. Syphilis and Pseudo-syphilis. 339 pp. 8vo. lOs. Qd. [1884]
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COOPEB (SAMTJEL).
A Dictionary of Practical Surgery and Encyclopaedia
of Surgieal Science. New Edition, brought down to the present time. By
Sampel A. Lane, F.R.C.S., assisted by various eminent Surgeons. In two Vols. 2128 pp. 8vo, 50«., or 25s. each. [Vol. I., 1861; Vol. IL, 1872.] |
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COOPEB (SIB W. "WHITE), F.B.C.S., late Surgeon Oculist in Ordinary to H.M. the Queen.
On Wounds and Injuries of the Eye. With 58 Illustrations
(17 being Coloured). 330 pp. 8vo, 12s. [1859]
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COBMACK (C. E.), M.D.
The Mineral Waters of Vichy, and the Diseases in
which they are Indicated. With a Sketch of some of the Principal
Excursions in the Environs. With 2 Coloured Maps. 375 pp. Crown 8vo, 5a. [1887]
COTTON (BICHABD P)., M.D., P.B.C.S., formerly Physieian to the Brompton Hospital.
Phthisis and the Stethoscope : or the Physical Signs of
Consumption. Pourth Edition. Ecap. 8vo, 3s. 6i. [1869]
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COTJLSOM' ("WALTEB J.), P.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Lock Hospital and to St. Peter's Hospital for
Stone. A Treatise on Syphilis. 373 pp. 8vo, 10s. [1869]
Stone in the Bladder: its Prevention, Early Symptoms, and
Treatment by Lithotrity. 124 pp. 8vo, 6s. [1868]
Diseases of the Bladder and Prostate Gland. Sixth
Edition. With 22 Engravings. 607 pp- 8vo, 16s. [1881]
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OOTJBTY (A.), Professor of Clinical Surgery, Montpelier.
Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Uterus,
Ovaries, and Fallopian Tubes. Translated from the Third Edition by his pupil,
Agnes McLaren, M.D., M.K.Q.C.P.I., with Preface by J. Matthews Duncan, M.D., F.R.C.P., Obstetric Physieian to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. With 43i Engravings. 810 pp. 8vo, 24s. [1882] |
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CBIPPS (HABBISON), F.B.C.S., Assistant-Surgeon lo St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Diseases of the Rectum and Anus ; including a portion of
the Jacksonian Prize Essay on Cancer. With numerous Plates and Engravings.
429 pp. 8vo, 12«. Gd. [1884] Cancer of the Rectum : its Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treat-
ment, including a portion of the Jacksonian Prize Essay for 1876. With 12 Plates. 191 pp. Post 8vo, 6s. [1880] The Passage of Air and Fseces from the Urethra. 80 pp.
8vo, 3*. Gd. [1888]
CTTLLINGWOBTH (CHAELES J.), M.D., Obstetric Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital.
A Manual of Nursing, Medical and Surgical. Second
Edition, with Engravings. 184 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3». Gd. [1885]
A Short Manual for Monthly Nurses. Second Edition.
96 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1887]
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CTJTLEB (THOMAS), M.D.
Notes on Spa, Belgium, and its Chalybeate Springs.
Tenth Edition. 127 pp. Crown 8vo, 2». [1878]
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DAGTJENET (DE.)
A Manual of Ophthalmoseopy for the use of Students.
Translated by C. S. Jeaffreson, Surgeon to the Newcastle-on-Tyne Eye Infirmary.
With Engravings. 240 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 5s. [1880] |
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DALBY (SIE "WTLLIAM B.), F.E.C.S., Aaral Surgeon to St. George's Hospital.
On Diseases and Injuries of the Ear. Lectures delivered
at St. George's Hospital. Third Edition. With Engravings. 260 pp. Crown
8vo, 7*. Gd. [1885] Short Contributions to Aural Surgery. Kepublished
from the Lancet hetween 1875 and 1886. With Engravings. 80 pp. 8vo, 3». Gd.
_________________ [1887] DALE (WILLIAM), M.D., Physician to the West Norfolk and Lynn Hospital.
A Compendium of Practical Medicine and Morbid
Anatomy. With Plates. 475 pp. 12mo, ft. [1868]
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DALTON (JOHN O.), M.D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiëne in the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New ïorl^ Treatise on Human Physiology: designed for the use of
Students and Practitioners of Medicine. Seventh Edition. With 252 Engravings.
722 pp. Koyal 8vo, 20«. [1882] |
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DATTMAS (CASIMIE), M.D., Consulting Physician at the Vichy Waters.
The Mineral Waters of Vichy: their Origin, Physicai
Properties, Chemical Composition, and Curative Effects. Fourth Edition.
338 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 4«. [1S67] |
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DAVTES (HEEBEHT), M.D., F.B.C.P., Consulting Physician to, and lecturer on the Praotice of
Medicine at, the London Hospital. On the Physical Diagnosis of the Diseases of theLungs
and Heart. Second Edition. 364 pp. Post 8vo, 8s. [1854]
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DAT (WILLIAM H.), M.D., Physician to the Samaritan Hospital for Women and Children.
Headaches: their Nature, Causes, and Treatment. Fourth
Edition. With Engravings. 443 pp. Crown 8vo, Is. 6d. [1888]
On the Diseases of Children. For Practitioners and
Students. Second Edition. 784 pp. Crown 8vo, 12». 6d. [1885]
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DE MOBGAET (CAMPBELL), F.B.C.S., F.E.S., late Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital.
The Origin of Caneer considered with Keference to the Treat-
ment of the Disease. 87 pp. Crown 8vo, 3a. Gd. [1872] |
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DOBELL (HOEACE), M.D., Consulting Physician to the Royal Hospital for Diseases of the Cheet.
On Loss of Weight, Blood Spitting, and Lung Disease.
With Coloured Plate, and Table of Cases separately. Second Edition, to which is
added Part VI. " On the Functions and Disorders of the Liver." 306 pp. Svo, 10». 6d. [1880] Demonstrations of Diseases in the Chest, and their
Physical Diagnosis. With Coloured Plates. 115 pp. 8vo, 12». 6d. [1858]
The Mont Dore Cure, and the Proper Way to Use it.
180 pp. 8vo, 7». 6d. [1881]
Lectures on "Winter Cough (Catarrh, Bronchitis, Em-
physema, Asthma). Third Edition, with Coloured Plates. 292 pp. 8vo,
lOs. 6d. [1875] Lectures on the True First Stage of Consumption.
75 pp. Crown Svo, 3». 6d. [1867]
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DOMVILLE (EDWAED J.), L.B.C.P., M.K.C.S., Surgeouto the Devon and Exeter Hogpital
and the Exeter Lying-in-Charity. A Manual for Hospital Nurses and others Engaged in
Attending on the Siek, with. Recipes for Sick-room Cookery,
and a Glossary. Sixth Edition. 100 pp. Crown 8vo, 2». 6d. [1888] |
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DOBAIT (ALBAN H. G.), E.B.C.S., Surgeon to Out-Patients, Samaritan Free Hospital.
Handbook of Gynsecological Operations. With 167
Engravings. 485 pp. 8vo, 15». [1887]
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DOWN (J. LANGDON), M.D., P.E.C.P., Senior Physician, &c., to the London Hospital.
On Some of the Mental Affections of Childhood and
Youth : being the Lettsomiam Lectures for 1887, with other Papers. 307 pp.
8vo, 6». [1887] DOWNINQ (C. TOOGOOD), M.D.
Neuralgia: its various Forms, Pathology, and Treatment. The
Jacksonian Prize Essay for 1850. 375 pp. 8vo, 10». 6d. [1851] |
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DRAPER (JOHN O.), M.D., LL.D., late Professor of Chemistry and Physics in the Medical
Department of the Üniversity of New York. A Text Book of Medical Physics, for the TJse of
4Stud.en.ts and Practitioners of Medicine. With 377 Engravings. 733
pp. 8vo, 18*. [1885] |
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DRUTTT (ROBEBT), F.R.C.S.
The Surgeon's Vade-Mecum; a Manual of Modern Sur-
gery. Twelfth Edition. By Stanley Boyd, M.B., F.B.C.S., Asaistant-Surgeon
and Pathologist to the Charing Cross Hospital. With 373 Engravings. 1000 pp. Crown 8vo, 16«. [1887] |
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DtTNCAür (ANDREW), M.D., B.S. Lond., E.R.C.S., Surgeon, Bengal Army.
The Prevention of Disease in Tropical or Sub-Tropical
Campaigns. 394 pp. 8vo, 12«. 6d. [1888]
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DTJWCAN" (J. MATTHEWS), LL.D., M.D., F.R.S., Obstetrio Physician to St. Bartholomew'»
Hospital. Clinical Lectures on the Diseases of Women. Deli-
vered in St. Bartholomew's Hospital. ïhird Edition. 543 pp. 8vo,16s.
[1886]
Papers on the Female Perineum. 156 pp. 8vo, 6s.
[1879]
On Sterility in Woman. Being the Gulstonian. Lectures delivered in the Eoyal College of Physicians, February, 1883. 136 pp. 8vo, 6j.
[1884]
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DUNGLISOIT (ROBLEY), M.D.
Medical Lexicon : a Dictiouary of Medical Science, containing
a concise Explanation of its various Subjects and Terms, with Aceentuation,
Etymology, Synonyms, &c. New Edition, thoroughly revised by Eichard J. Dukglison, M.D. 1131 pp. Eoyal 8vo, 28s. [1874] |
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EADE (SIB PETER), M.D., F.R.C.P., Senior Physician to the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital.
Medical Notes and Essays. Vol. I. Notes on Diphtheria:
and particularly on this Disease as it has oceurred in Norfolk. 94 pp. 8vo, 3».
[1883]
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EAST (EDWARD), M.B.C.S., L.S.A.
The Private Treatment of the Insane, as Single
Patients. 68 pp. © Crown 8vo, Is. <5d. [1886]
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EBSTEIIf ("WILHELM), M.D., Professor of Clinical Medicine in Göttingen.
The Regimen to be adopted in Cases of Gout. Trans-
lated by John Scott, M.A., M.B. 68 pp. 8vo, 2a. Bd. [1885]
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EKI1T (CHARLES), P.C.S.
Potable "Water. How to Form a Judgment on the Suitableness
of Water for Drinking Purposes. Addressed to Medical Officers of Health,
Sanitary Authorities, &c. Second Edition. 31 pp. Crown 8vo, 2«. [1880] |
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24 f. è A. CHURCHILZS PUBLICATIONS.
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ELLIS (EDWABD), M.D., late Senior Physician to the Victoria Hospital for Siek Children.
A Practical Manual of the Diseases of Children. With
» Formulary. Fifth Bdition. 529 pp. Crown 8vo, lOs. [1886]
|
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EMMET (THOMAS ADDIS), M.D., Surgeon to the Women's Hospital of the State of New York.
The Principles and Practice of Gynsecology. Third
Edition. With 150 Engravings. 876 pp. Boyal 8vo. 24j. [1885]
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EWART (JOSEPH), M.D., F.B.C.P., Surgeon-Major, Bengal Army; Professor of Physiology in the
Calcutta Medical College. The Poisonous Snakes of India. For the use of the
Officials and others residing iu the Irjdian Empire. With 21 Plates (19 being
Coloured) and Descriptive Text. Crown 4to, 31s. 6d. ' [1878] |
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BYEE (SIB JAMES), M.D., formcrly Consulting Physician to the St. George's and St. James's
Dispensary. The Stomach and its Diffieulties. Eighth Thousand.
123 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. [1877]
FA6GB (O. HILTOW), M.D., F.B.C.P., late Physician to Guy's Hospital.
The Principles and Practice of Medicine. Edited by
P. H. Pye-Smith, M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician to, and Lecturer on Medicine at,
Guy's Hospital. Second Edition. 2 Vols. 2148 pp. 8vo, cloth, S8s. Half- leather, 44s. [1888] PAYBEB (SIB JOSEPH), K.C.S.I, LL.D., M.D., P.B.C.P., F.B.S., President of the
Medical Board, India Office. The Climate and Pevers of India, -with a Series of Cases
illustrating the most important features of t*he Diseases described. Being the
Croonian Lectures delivered at the Roval College of Physicians, 1882. With 17 Temperature Charts. 278 pp. 8vo, 12s. [1882] The Natural History and Epidemiology of Cholera.
Being the Annual Oration of the Medical Society of London, 1888. 71 pp.
8vo, 3s. M. [1888] The Thanatophidia of India; being a Description of the
Venomous Snakes of the Indian Peninsula ; with an Account of the Influence
of their Poison on Life, and a Series of Experiments. Second Edition. With 31 Plates (28 Coloured). Folio, £7 Is. [1873] The Royal Tiger of Bengal—his Life and Death. With
Map and Engravings. 100 pp. Crown 8vo, 5s. [1875]
Clinical Surgery in India. With Engravings. 774 pp.
8vo, 16s. [1866]
Clinical and Pathological Observations in India. With
Engravings. 684 pp. 8vo, 20s. [1873]
PEM"WICK (E. HUBBY), P.B.C.S., Surgeon to St. Peter's Hospital for Stone, &e.; Assistant
Surgeon to the London Hospital. The Electric Illumination of the Bladder and Urethra
as a means of Diagnosis of Obscure Vesico-Urethral Diseases.
With 30 Engravings. 176 pp. 8vo, 4j>. (K [1888] |
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FENWICK (SAMUEL), M.D., F.E.C.P., Physician to the London Hospital.
The Student's Guide to Medical Diagnosis. Sixth
Edition. With 114 Engravings. 334 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. [1886]
The Student's Outlines of Medical Treatment. Second
Edition. 375 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. [1881]
On Atrophy of the Stomach, and on the Nervous
Affections of the Digestive Organs. 187 pp. 8vo, 8s. [1880]
The Saliva as a Test for Functional Disorders of the
Liver. 78 pp. Crown 8vo, 2*. [1887}
A Popular Treatise on the Causes and Prevention of
Diseases. Part I.—Scrofula and Consumption—Clergyman's Sore Throat—
Catarrh—Croup—Bronchitis—Asthma. 220 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. [1857] FEBG-TJSSON (SIB "WILLIAM), BABT., F.B.C.S., F.B.S, late Surgeon and Professor of
Clinical Surgery to King's College Hospital. A System of Practical Surgery. With 463 Engravings.
Fifth Edition. 751 pp. 8vo, 21*. [1870]
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FIELD (ALBEBT F.), L.B.CP., late Resident Accoucheur at St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Hints for Obstetric Clerks, with Aids for Diagnosis.
56 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. _________________ [1872]
FLIKT (ATJSTIH'), M.D., LL.D., late Professor of Medioine, &e., in Bellevue Hospital Medical
College. A Treatise on the Principles and Practice of Medicine,
designed for the use of Practitioners and Stndents of Medicine. Sixth Edition,
by the Author, assisted by W. H. Welch, M.D., and Austin Flint, Jun., M.D., LL.D. With Engravings. 1160 pp. 8vo, 26s. [1886] Phthisis: its Morbid Anatoray, Etiology, Symptomatic Events
and Complications, Fatality and Prognosis, Treatment and Physical Diagnosis. In a Series of Clinical Studies. 446 pp. 8vo, 16s. [1875] FLOWEB (WILLIAM H.), C.B., F.B.C.S., V.B.S.
Diagrams of the Nerves of the Human Body, exhibiting
their Origin, Divisions, and Connexions, with their Distribution to the various
Regions of the Cutaneous Surface, and to all the Muscles. Third Edition, with 6 Plates. Koyal 4to, 12» [1880] FLÜCKIGEB (FBIEDBICH A.) Ph.D., Professor in the üniversity of Strasburg, Germany.
The Cinchona Barks : Pharmacognostically considered. Trans-
lated from the original text with some additional notes, by Fredeetck B. Power, Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacy and Materia Medica in the University of WisconBin. With 8 Lithographic Plates and 1 Woodcut. 103 pp. Royal 8vo, 78. _________________ [1884]
FOSTEE (BALTHAZAE), MD., F.B.C.P., late Physician to the General Hospital and Professor
of Medicine in Queen's College, Birmingham. Clinical Medicine: Lectures and Essays. 364 pp. 8vo, lOs. &d.
_________________ [1874]
FOWNES (GEOBGE), Ph.D., F.B.S.
A Manual of Chemistry, Theoretical and Practical. See
Watts, p. 60.
Chemistry, as Exemplifying the Wisdom and Benefi-
eence of God. Being the Actonian Prize Essay. Second Edition. 160 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, 4». 6rf. [1849] |
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FOX (COBNELITTS B.), M.D., F.B.C.P., formerly Medical Offlcer of Health for East, Central,
and South Essex. Sanitary Examinations of Water, Air, and Food. A
Vade-Mecum for the Medical Officer of Health. Seoond Edition. With 110
Engravings. 563 pp. Crown 8vo, 12s. 6d. [1886] Ozone and Antozone: their History and Nature. With
Coloured Plates. 329 pp. 8vo, 12s. U. [1873]
The Disposal of the Slop-water of Villages. Second
Edition. With 9 Engraviugs. 43 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1877]
Disease Prevention : A dozen Papers relating tliereto. With
6 Engravings. 80 pp. Crown 8vo, 2». [1884] |
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FOX (GEOBGE H.), M.D., Surgeon to the Skin and Venereal Department, New York Dispensary.
Photographic (Coloured) Illustrations of Skin Diseases.
With Text. 60 Cases from Life. 4to, £5 5s. [1881]
Photographic (Coloured) Illustrations of Cutaneous
Syphilis. With Text. 70 Cases from Life. 4to, £5 5s. [1881]
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FOX (TILBTJBT), M.D,. F.B.C.P., lato Physician to the Department for Skin Diseases in
University College Hospital. Atlas of Skin Diseases; consisting of a Series of Illustrations,
■with Descriptive Text and Notes upon Treatment. With 72 Coloured Plates.
Koyal 4to, Half-moroceo, £6 Gs. [1877] |
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FOX CWILSOTJ), M.D., F.B.S., F.B.C.P.. late Phjsieian-in-ordmary to H.M. the Queen and to
H.K.H, the Duke ol Edinburgh; Holme Professor of Clinieal MeUicine, &c, in University College. An Atlas of the Pathological Anatomy of the Lungs.
With 45 Coloured and Mieroseopical Plates and 42 Woodcuts. Half-calf, 4to,
70s. [1888] |
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FHANKLAND (EDWABD), PhD-, D.C.L., LL.D., F.B.S., Professor of Chemistry in the
Mormal School of Science, and JAPP (FBANCIS B.), M.A., Ph.D., F.I.C., Assistant Professor in the School. Inorganic Chemistry. With numerous Engravings and
coloured plate of Spectra. 805 pp. 8vo, 24«. [1884]
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FBESENITJS (BEMIGITJS), Professor of ChemiBtry and Director of the Chemical Laboratory at
Wiesbaden. A System of Instruction in Chemical Analysis.
Qtjalitative. Tenth Edition. Translated from the Eifteenth German
Edition, and edited by Charles E. Groves, F.K.S. With 46 Engrav- ings and Plate of Spectrum Analysis. 481 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1887] Qctantitative. Seventh Edition. Vol. I. Translated by Aethuk Vacheb.
With 106 Engravings. 524 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1876] Vol. II. Translated by Chas. E. Groves, E.E.S. Parts I. and II.
With Engravings. 8vo, 2s. 6d- each. [1885] |
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PEET (HEINBICH), Professor of Medicine in Zurieh.
The Histology and Histo-Chemistry of Man. A Treatise
on the Elements of Composition and Strueture of the Human Body. Trans-
lated from the Fourth German Edition, by Auteur E. Bakker, Assistant- Surgeon to the üniversity College Hospital. With 608 Engravings. 683 pp. 8vo, 2U [1874] PBEYEB (P. J.), M.A., M.D., M.Ch., Bengal Medical Service: Civil Surgeon, Hussoorie.
The Modern Treatment of Stone in the Bladder by
Litholapaxy: a description of the operation and instruments, with cases
illustrative of the difficulties and eomplieations met with. With Engravings. 116 pp. 8vo, 5j. [1886] FTTLLEB (HENBY W.), M.D., late Senior PhyBician to St. George's Hospital.
On Diseases of the Lungs and Air Passages. Second
Edition. 534 pp. 8vo, la. Gd. [1867]
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GALABIN (ALPEED L.), M.A , M.D., P.E.C.P., Obstetric Physician to, and Lecturer on
Midwifery and the Diseases of Women at, Guy's Hospital. A Manual of Midwifery. With 227 Engravings. 807 pp.
Crown 8vo, 15s. [1886]
The Student's Guide to the Diseases of "Women. Fourth
Edition. With 94 Engravings. 460 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1887]
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GAMGEE (J. SAMPSON), M.B.C.S., P.E.S.E., late Consulting Surgeon to Queen's Hospital,
Birmingham. On the Treatment of Wounds and Fractures : Clinical
Leetures. Second Edition. With 44 Engravings. 364 pp. Svo, 10«. [1883]
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GABDNEB (JOHN), P.I.C., P.C.S.
The Brewer, Distiller, and Wine Manufacturer : giving
Bireetions for the Manufacture of Beers, Spirits, Wines, Liqueurs, &c.
With Engravings. 278 pp. Crown Svo, 6s. Gd. [1883] Bleaching, Dyeing, and Calico-printing. With Formulse.
203 pp. Crown 8vo, 5s. [1884]
Acetic Acid and Vinegar, Ammonia, and Alum. With
Engravings. 200 pp. Crown 8vo, 5s. [1885]
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GASKOIN (GEOEGE), M.E.C.S., late Surgeon to the British Hospital for Diseases of the Skin.
On Psoriasis or Lepra. 206 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1875]
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GAY (JOHN), P.E.C.S., late Senior Surgeon to the Great Northern Hospital.
On Indolent TJlcers and their Surgical Treatment.
Wit Illustrations. 108 pp. Bost 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1855]
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GIBBES (HENEAGE), M.D., Lecturer on Histology at the Westminster Hospital.
Photographic Illustrations of Normal and Morbid
Histology and Bacteriology, ineluding Moulds, &e. Mounted on
Cards, 6 in. by 4 in. 1». each. [1886] |
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GILIi (JOHN BEADNELL), M.D., formerly Surgeon to the Dover Hospital and Physician
to the Folkestone Dispensary. A New and Successful Method of Treating all Forms
of Kheumatism and Gout. 40 pp. Post 8vo, 2s. [1880]
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GLEKET (BOBEKT G.), LL.B., Barrister-at-Law.
A Manual of the Laws Affecting Medical Men. With
a Chapter on Medical Etiquette, by Dr. A. Carpenter. 460 pp. 8to, 14s,
_______________ [1871]
GODLEE (EICKMAN J.), M.S., F.B.C.S., Assistant-Surgeon to Univcrsity College Hospita], and
Senior Demonstrator of Anatomy in TJniversity College. An Atlas of Human Anatomy: illustrating most of the
ordinary Dissections, and many not usually practised by the Student, with
48 imp. 4to Coloured Plates (112 figures), and a volume of Explanatory Text, with many Engravings, 460 pp. 8vo, £4 14s. Gd. [1880] |
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GOODHABT (JAMES F.), M.D., F.B.C.P., Physician to Guy's Hospita], and Lectnrer on
Pathology in the Medical School; Physician to the Kvelin» Hospital for Sick Children. The Student's Guide to Diseases of Children. Third
Edition. 718 pp. Pcap. 8vo, 10a. Gd. [1888]
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GOWEBS (WILLIAM B.), M.D., F.B.S., Professor of Clinical Medicine in University College;
Physician to the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptie. A Manual and Atlas of Medical Ophthalmoscopy, with
Coloured Autotype and Lithographie Plates, and "Woodcuts, comprising
Original Illustrations of the Changes in the Eye in Diseases of the Brain, Kidneys, &c. Third Edition. pp. 8vo. [Preparing] Pseudo-Hypertrophic Muscular Paralysis. A Clinical
Lecture. With Engravings and Plate. 66 pp. 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1879]
Diagnosis of Diseases of the Spinal Cord, with Coloured
Plate and Engravings. Fourth Edition. pp. 8vo, [Preparing]
Diagnosis of Diseases of the Brain. Lectures delivered at
University College Hospital. Second Edition. With Engravings. 254 pp. 8vo,
Is. Gd. [1887] A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System.
Vol. I. Diseases oe the Spinal Cord and Nerves. With 171 Engravings
(many figures). 463 pp. Eoy. 8vo, 12». Gd. [1886] Vol. II. Diseases oe the Bkain and Cranial Nerves ; General and
Fünctional Diseases. With 170 Engravings. 970 pp. Svo, 17s. Gd. [1888] |
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GBANVILLE (J. MOBTIMEE), M.D.
Nerve-Vibration and Excitation as Agents in the
Treatment of Functional Disorder and Organic Disease. With
Engravings. 128 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1883] Gout in its Clinical Aspects : An Outline of the Disease and
its Treatment for Practitioners. 307 pp. Crown 8vo, 6*. [1885]
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GBEEWE (J. EBAY), M.D., late Professor of Zoology at Queen's College, Cork.
Tables of Zoology, indicating the Tribes, Sub-Orders, Orders,
and Higher Groups of the Aniinal Kingdom. Three Large Sheets, 5s. the set; or Mounted on Canvas, with Polier, 12«. Gd. [1872] |
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&BESHAM PBOPESSOB OP MEDICINE.
Colds and Coughs. Notes of Lectures delivered at Gresham
College. 120 pp. Ecap. 8vo, Is. [1878]
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GBIFPITHS (THOMAS), formerly Professor of Chemistryat St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Chemistry of the Four Seasons—Spring, Summer, Autumn,
Winter. With Engravings. Seoond Edition, 436 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 7«. 6d.
_______________ [1853J
GUY'S HOSPITAL.
Formulse used at Guy's Hospital in addition to those
in the British Pharmacopoeia. Compiled by a Committee of the Staff.
63 pp. interleaved, Is. 6d. [1879] Reports of the Medical and Surgical Staff. Third Series.
Vol. XXX. With Plates and Engravings. 498 pp. 8vo, 7». 6d. [1888]
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HABEE8HON (SAMTJEL O.), M.D., F.B.C.P., late Senior Physician to Guy's Hospital.
On Diseases of the Abdomen, comprising those of the
Stomach and other Parts of the Alimentary Canal, CEsophagus, Caecum, Intes-
tines, and Peritoneum. Fourth Edition. With 5 Plates. 720 pp. 8vo, 21s. [1888]
On Diseases of the Stomach, the Varieties of Dyspepsia,
their Diagnosis and Treatment. Third Edition. 282 pp. Crown 8vo, 5s. [1879]
On Diseases of the Liver, their Pathology and Treatment.
Lettsomiam Lectures for 1872. Second Edition. 112 pp. Post 8vo, 4s. [1885] On the Pathology of the Pneumogastric Iferve, being
the Lumleian Lectures for 1876. Also, Cold Shock in its Action on the
Pneumogastric Nerve. Second Edition. 107 pp. Post 8vo, 4s. [1885] On the Injurious Bffects of Mercury in the Treatment
ofDisease. 86 pp. Post 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1860]
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HALL (P. DE HAVILL AND), M.D., P.B.C.P., Assistant-Physician to the Weitminster Hospital.
Synopsis of the Diseases of the Larynx, Lungs, and
Heart: comprising Dr. Edwards' Tables on the Examination of the Chest.
With Alterations and Additions. 35 pp. Eoyal 8vo, 2s. 6d. [1880] |
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HAMBLETON (O. W.), L.K.Q.C.P.I.
What is Consumption ? 64 pp. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. f 1886]
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HAMILTOW (ALLEN McLANE), M.D., Physician at the Epileptio and Paralytio Hospital,
Blackwell's Island, New York City. Nervous Diseases: their Description and Treatment. A
Manual for Students and Practitioners of Mediciue. Second Edition. With 72
Engravings. 598 pp. Royal 8vo, 16s. [1881] |
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HAMILTON (JOHN), P.B.C.S.I., late Surjoon to the Eichmond, Hardwioke, and Whitworth
Hospitals, Dublin. j Lectures on Syphilitic Osteitis and Periostitis. With
Plates. 108 pp. 8vo, 6s. 6d!. 3 [1874]
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HANCOCK (HENEY), F.B.C.S., late Consulting Surgeon to Charing Cross Hospital.
On the Operative Surgery of the Poot and Ankle.
With Engravings. 463 pp. 8vo, 15*. [1873]
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HABDWICH (BEV. T. FBEDEBICK), and J. TBAILL TAYLOB, Editor of the
Photographic Times and American Photograpker ; formerly Kditor of the JBritish Journal of PhotograpAy, A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Theoretical and
Practical. Ninth jEdition. With 57 Engravings. 464 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 7s. 6d.
_______________ [1883] |
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HABDWICKE (HEBBEET JUBTID'S), M.D., Physician to the Sheffield Public Hospital for
Diseases of the Skin. Medieal Education and Practice in all Parts of the
World. 210 pp. 8vo. 10». [1880]
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HABIiEY (G-EOBG-E), M.D., F.B.C.P., F.B.S., formerly Physioian to üniversity College Hospital,
and Professor in Üniversity College. A Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, with and without
Jaundice, with the Special Application of Physiological Chemistry to their
Diagnosis and Treatment. With 36 Engravings. 1186 pp. 8vo, 21s. [18S3] Inflammations of the Liver, and their Sequelse;
Atrophy, Cirrhosis, Ascites, Hasmorrhages, Apoplexy, and Hepatic
Abscesses. With Engravings. 142 pp. Crown 8vo, 5s. [1886] |
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HAEEIS (CHAPIN A.), M.D., D.D.S. Author of "Diotionary of Medieal Terminology and
Dental Surgery." The Principles and Practice of Dentistry, including
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Dental Surgery and Mechanism.
Eleventh edition, revised and edited by Ferdinand J. S. Goroas, A.M., M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Dental Science, &c, in the Üniversity of Maryland. With 2 Plates and 744 Engravings. 1034 pp. Roy. 8vo, 31s. 6d. |
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HAEEIS (VIBTCENT D.), M.D., F.B.C.P., Physieian to the Victoria Park Hospital for Dieeasea
oftheChest. The Student's Guide to Diseases of the Chest, including
the Principal Affections of the Pleurse, Lungs, Pericardium, Heart,
and Aorta. With 55 Engravings. 419 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 7». 6d. [1888] |
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HABEIS fW. POTJLETT), M.D., Surgeon-Major H.M. Bengal Medieal Service.
Iiithotomy and Extraction of Stone from the Bladder,
TTrethra, and Prostate of the Male, and from the Bladder of the
Female. With Engravings. 364 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1876] |
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HAEEISON (J. BOWEE), M.D., formerly Surgeon to the Ardwick and Ancoati Dispeneary,
Manchester. Letters to a Young Practitioner on the Diseases of
Children. 197 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 3». [1862]
On the Contamination of Water by the Poison of Lead,
and ita Effects on the Human Body, 196 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 3». 6d. [1852]
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HABBISON (BEGIET ALD), F.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Liverpool Royal Infirmary.
Lectures on the Surgical Disorders of the Urinary
Organs. Third Edition. With 117 Engravings. 583 pp. 8vo, 12». Gd. [1887]
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HABTBIDGE (GTJSTAVTJS), F.B.C.S., Surgeon to the EoyalWestminster Ophthalmic Hospital.
The Refraction of the Eye. A Manual for Students. Third
Edition. With 96 Illustrations, Test Types, &c. 240 pp. Crown 8vo, 5*. 6rf.
[1887]
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HAB7EY (WILLIAM).
The Manuscript of his Notes of Lectures delivered
before the Royal College of Physicians in 1618, reproduced in Autotype,
and Interleaved with a Transcript in ordinary type. Edited by a Committee of the Royal College of Physicians. Crown 4to, half persian, 52s. 6d. A [1886] |
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HAVILAM'D (ALFBED), M.B.C.S.
Climate, Weather, and Disease. 144 pp. 8vo, 7s. [1855]
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HAYDEN (THOMAS), F.K.Q.C.P.I., Physician to the Mater Miserieordias Hospital, Dublin.
The Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta. With 80
Engravings. 1216 pp. 8vo, 25s. , [1875]
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HEADLAND (FBEDEBICK WO, M.D.
A Medical Handbook; comprehending such Information on
Medical and Sanitary Subjects as is desirable in Educated Persons. Second
Thousand. 348 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 5s. . [1867]
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HEATH (CHBISTOPHEB), F.B.C.S., Ilolme Professor of Clinical Surgery in University Collega
and Surgeon to the Hospita], Practical Anatomy: a Manual of Dissecticns. Seventh Edition,
revised by Rtckmajï J. Godlbe, M.S. Lond., F.R.C.S., Teacher of Operative
Surgery, late Demonstrator of Anatomy in University College, and Surgeon to- the Hospital. With 24 Coloured Plates and 278 Wood Engravings. 598 pp. Crown 8vo, 15s. [1888] A Manual of Minor Surgery and Bandaging, for the
use of House-Surgeons, Dressers, and Junior Practitioners. Eighth Edition.
With 142 Engravings. 360 pp. ' Fcap. 8vo, 6s. [1886] Injuries and Diseases of the Jaws. Jacksonian Prize
Essay. Third Edition. With a Plate (3 figures) and 204 Engravings. 480 pp.
8vo. 14s. [1884] A Course of Operative Surgery : with Twenty Plates (con-
taining many figures) drawn from Nature by M. Léveillé, and Coloured. Second
Edition. Large 8vo, 30«. [1884] Student's Guide to Surgical Diagnosis. Second Edition.
240 pp. Fcap. Svo, 6». 6d. [1883]
Lectures on Certain Diseases of the Jaws. Delivered at
the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1887. AVith 64 EngraTings. 8vo,
2s. 6d. [1888] |
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HEHNEB (OTTO), F.C.S., Public Analyst for the Me of Wigbt and the Boroughs of Derby and Eyde.
Alcohol Tables, giving for all Speeific Gravities, from 1-0000
to 0'7938 the Percentages of Absolute Alcohol, by "Weight and by Volume, and of Proof Spirit. Eoyal 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1880] |
||||||||||||||||
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HEHlfEB (OTTO), P.C.S., and ABTHTJB ANGELL, F.B.M.S., Public Analyst for the
County of Southampton. Butter, its Analysis and Adulterations. Specially treating
of the Detectiou and Determination of Foreign Pats. Second Edition. With
Engravings. 86 pp. Post 8vo, 3a. 6d. [1877] |
||||||||||||||||
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HELM (GEOBGE F.), M.A., M.D., F.B.C.S., formerly Demonstrator of Anatomy in the
Cambridge Medical Schooi. Short Sight, Long: Sight, and Astigmatism. An
Elementary Guide to the Eefraction of the Eye. With 35 Engravings. 103 pp.
Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1886] |
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HIGGENS (CHABLES). F.B.C.S., Ophthalmio Surgeon to, and Lecturer on Ophthalmology at,
Guy's Hospital. Hints on Ophthalmio Out-Patient Practice. Third
Edition. 112 pp. Foap. 8vo, 3s. [1886]
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HILLIS (JOHN D.), F.B.C.S., M.B.I.A., Medical Superintendent jof the General Leper Asylum,
British Guiana, W. Indies. Leprosy in British Guiana: an Account of West Indian
Leprosy. With 22 Lithographic Plates (many figures), Coloured and Plain,
and several Engravings. 264 pp. text. Super-Royal 8vo, 31s. 6d. [1881] |
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HIME (MATJBICE CHABLES), M.A., LL.D., Head Master of Foyle College, Londonderry.
Morality: an Essay on some Points thereof (addressed to Young
Men). Seventh Edition. 203 pp. Crown 8vó, Is. 6d. [1884] |
||||||||||||||||
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HIETDS ("WILLIAM), M.D., Professor of Botany at Queen's College, Birmingham.
The Harmonies of Physical Science in Eelation to the
Higher Sentiments; with Observations on Medical Studies, and on the
Moral and Scientific Relations of Medical Life. 195 pp. Post 8vo, 4s. [1853] |
||||||||||||||||
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HODGES (BICHABD), M.D.
The Nature, Pathology, and Treatment of Puerperal
Convulsions. 96 pp. Crown 8vo, 3s. [1864]
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HODGSON (DECIMTJS), M.D., formerly Demonstrator of Anatomy in the üniversity of Glasgow.
The Prostate Gland, and its Enlargement in Old Age.
With 12 Plates. 84 pp. Royal 8vo, 6«. [1856]
|
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HOFFMANN (FBEDEBICK), A.M., Ph.D., Public Analyst to the State of New York, 4c,
and FBEDEBICK B. POWEB, Ph.D., Professor of Analytical Chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. A Manual of Chemical Analysis, as applied to the
Examination of Medicinal Chemicals. A Guide for the Determination
of their Identity and Quality, and for the Detection of Impurities and Adul- terations. Third Edition. With 179 Engravings. 624 pp. Roy. 8vo, 18s. [1883] |
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HOGG (FBANCIS B.) M.D., Surgeon-Major.
Indian Notes. The Voyage out—Travelling in India—Upper
India—Stations—The Hilla—Mineral Waters—Herbs and Simples. 240 pp. Crown 8vo, 5». [1880] HOLDEN (LITTHEE), F.E.C.S., Consulting Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's and the Foundling
Hospitals, A Manual of the Dissection of the Human Body.
Fiftb Edition. By John Langton, F.E.C.S., Surgeon to, and Leoturer on
Anatomy at, St. Bartholomew's Hospital. With 208 Bngravings. 879 pp. 8vo. 20*. [1884] Human Osteology: comprising a Description of the Bones,
with Delineations of the Attaehments of the Muscles, the General and Micro -
seopical Structure of Bone and its Development. Seventh Edition, by Charles Stewaet, Conservator of the Museum and Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology to fioyal College of Surgeons of England, and K. W. Beid, M.D., P.R.C.S., Leeturer on Anatomy at St. Thomas's Hospital, and Examiner in Osteology to the Conjoint Examining Board. With 59 Lithographic Plates (many figures), and 75 Eugravings. Boyal 8vo, 16s. [1887] Landmarks, Medical and Surgical. Fourth Edition. 80 pp.
8vo. 3». M. ' ■ [1888]
HOLMES (GOBDON), M.D., Phjsieian to the Municipal Throat and Ear Infirmarj-.
A Treatise on Vocal Physiology and Hygiëne, with
reference to the Cultivation and Preservation of the Voiee.
Seeond Edition. With Engravings. 278 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. 6d. [1880], |
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HOOD (DOETALD, W. C.), M.D., M.B.C.P., Physician to the West London Hospital.
Diseases and their Comniencement. Lectures to Trained
Nnrses, delivered at the West London Hospital. 138 pp. Crown 8vo, 2». 6d.
[1886]
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HOOD (PETEK), M.D.
A Treatise on Gout, Kheumatism, and the Allied
Affeetions, with Chapters on Longevity and Sleep. Third Edition. 419
pp. Post 8vo, 7*. 6d. [1885] The Suecessful Treatment of Searlet Fever : also Obser-
vations on the Pathology and Treatment of Crowing Inspirations of Infants.
200 pp. Post 8vo, 5». [1857] HOOPEE (DE.), GUT (WILLIAM AJ, P.E.C.P., P.B.S., Consulting Phjsician to King»
College Hospital, and JOHKT HAELEY, M.D., P.E.C.P., Phjsician to, and Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology at, St. Thomas's Hospital. Hooper's Physician's Vade-Mecum: a Manual of the
Principles and Practice of Physie. Tenth Edition. With 118 Engravings.
708 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 12». Gd. [1881] |
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HOETOW (JAMES A.), M.D., late Surgeon-Major Army Medical Department.
Physical and Medical Climate and Meteorology of the
West Coast of Africa. 321 pp. 8vo, 10». [1867]
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HOWARD (LTJKE), F.B.S.
Essay on the Modifications of Clouds. Third Edition, by
W. D. and E. Howard. With 6 Plates, from Pictures by Kenyon. 37 pp.
4to, lOs. Gd. [1865] HTXFELAND (C. W.).
The Art of Prolonging Life. Second Edition. Edited by
Sir Erasmus Wilson, F.R.S. 271 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. [1859] |
|||||||||||||||
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HtTG-MAN (W. CUBTIS), F.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Hospital for Inenrables.
On Hip-Joint Disease; with reference especially to Treat-
ment by Mechanieal Means for the Relief of Contraction and Deformity of the
Affected Limb. With Plates. 92 pp. 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1856] |
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HUBTTEB (G. YEATES), M.B.C.S.
Body and Mind; the Nervous System and its Derangements.
152 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3». 6d. [1867] |
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HTJTCHIM'SOH" (JONATHAN), F.B.S-, Consulting Surgeon to the london Hospital and to the
Hospital for Diseases of the Skin. Illustrations of Clinieal Surgery; consisting of Plates,
Photographs, Woodcuts, Diagrams, &c, illustrating Surgical Diseases,
Symptoms and Accidents; also Operative and other Methods of Treatment with Descriptive Letterpress. Issued oecasionally. Fasciculi I. to XXIII. Imp. 4to, 6s. 6d. eaeh. Vol. I., eontaining Fasciculi I. to X., bound, with Appendix and Index. £3 lOs. Vol. IL, eontaining Fase. XI- to XXIII. bound, with Index, £4 lOs. [1876-88] Lectures on Clinieal Surgery. Vol. I.—on Certain Rare
Diseases of the Skin. 382 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1884]
The Pedigree of Disease ; being Six Lectures on Tempera-
ment, Idiosyncrasy, and Diathesis, delivered in the Royal College of Surgeona in 1881. 142 pp. Svo, 5s. [1884] |
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HTTXLEY (THOMAS H.), IiIi.D., F.B.S., Professor of Natural History to the Koyal School of
Mines. Manual of the Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals.
With 156 Engravings. 600 pp. Post 8vo, 16s. [1877]
Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals.
With 110 Engravings. 430 pp. Post 8vo, 12a. [1871]
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HTDE (JAMES NE VINS), A.M., M.D., Professor of Skin and Yenereal Diseases in Eush Medical
College, Chicago. A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin. For
the use of Students and Practitioners. Second Edition. With 2 Coloured
PJates and 96 Engravings. 676 pp. Roy. Svo, 20«. [1888] |
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IBELAND ("WILLIAM W.), M.D., late Medical Superint ndent of the ScOttish National Institution
for Imbecile Children, Larbert, N.B. On Idiocy and Imbecility. With Ensravings. 413 pp. Svo,
Ut. [1877] |
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IBVINE (X PBABSON), M.D., late Assistant Phjsician to Charing Cross Hospital.
Relapse of Typhoid Fever, especially with reference
to the Temperature. With Engravings and Charts. 144 pp. 8vo 6s. [1880]
|
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JACOBSON (W. H. A.). M.A., M.B., M.Ch. Oxon., F.B.C.S., Assistant Surgeon to Guy's
Hospital; Teacher of Operative Surgery, and Joint Teacher of Practical Surgery in the Medical School. The Operations of Surgery: intended especially for the use
of those recently appointed on a Hospital Staff, and for those preparing for the
Higher Examinations. With 199 Engravings. 1136 pp. 8vo, 30s. ' [1889] |
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JAGO (JAMES), M.D., F.B.S., Physician to the Koyal Comwall Inflrmary.
Entoptics, with its Uses in Physiology and Medicine.
With 54 Engravings. 188 pp. Crown 8vo, 5s. [1864]
Ocular Spectres and Structures as Mutual Exponents :
a Treatise. Eustaehian Tube, why opened in Deglutition: a Paper. With
Engravings. 110 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1856] |
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JAMES (M. PBOSSEB), M.D., Thysician to the Hospital for Diseases of tho Throat and Chest;
Jjecturer on Materia Medica at the London Hospital. Sore-Throat: its Nature, Varieties, and Treatment; including
the Oonnexion between Affeetions of the Throat and other Diseases. Fifth
Edition. With Coloured Plates and Engravings. 363 pp. Post 8vo, 6s. 6rf. [1886] A Guide to the New Pharmaeopoeia (1885). Comprising
an Epitome of the Changes, and an Account of the New Preparations, with a
Therapeutical Commentary. Seeond Edition. 119 pp. Crown 8vo, 2a. Gd. _________________ [1885]
JESSETT (FBEDEBIC B.), F.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Cancer Hospital, Brorapton.
On Cancer of the Mouth, Tongue, and Alimentary
Tract; their Pathology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. With En-
gravings. 310 pp. 8vo, 10*. [1886] |
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JOHNSON (ALFBED E.), Assoe. B.C.Se.I., F.I.C., F.C.S.
The Analyst's Laboratory Companion. 92 pp. Crown
8vo, 5s. [1888]
JOHNSON (GEOBGE), M.D., F.B.C.F., P.B.S., Emeritus Professor of Clinical Medicine, and
Consulting Physician to King's College Hospital. Medical Lectures and Essays. With 46 Engravings. 900 pp.
8vo, 25». [1887]
JONES (C. HANDFIELD), M.B., P.B.S., Physician to St. Mary's Hojpital. Studies on Functional Nervous Disorders. Seeond
Edition. 839 pp. 8vo, 18s. ■ [1870]
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36 /. & A. CHURCHILLS PUBLICATIONS.
JONES (C. HANDPIELD), M.B., F.B.S., Physician to St. Mary's Hospital; and EDWABD
H. SIEVEKING-, M.D., P.B.C.P., Physician to St. Mary's Hospital. A Manual of Pathological Anatomy. Second Edition.
Edited by J. F. Payne, M.B., Assistant-Physician and Lectnrer on General
Pathology at St. Thomas's Hospital. With 195 Engravings. 871 pp. Crown 8vo, 16*. [1875] |
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JONES (H. BENCE), M.D., F.B.S., formerly Physician to St. George's Hospital.
Lectures on some of the Applications of Chemistry
and Mechanica to Pathology and Therapeutics. 314 pp. 8vo, 12s.
[1867]
Croonian Lectures on Matter and Force. 223 pp. Fcap.
8vo, 5s. ■ [186S]
JOKES (H. MACNATJGHTON), M.D., F.B.C.S.I. and E., late Professor in the Queen's
University in Ireland, and Surgeon to the Cork Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital. Practitioner's Handbook of Diseases of the Ear and
Naso-Pharynx. Third Edition of the " Aural Surgery." With 128 Engravings.
176 pp. Roy. 8vo, 6s. [1887] Atlas of the Diseases of the Membrana Tympani.
In Coloured Platea, containing 59 Figures. With Explanatory Text. Crown
4to, 21s. [1878] The Treatment of Spinal Curvatures by Extension and
Jacket. "With remarks on some affections of the Hip, Knee and Ankle-joints.
With 63 Engravings. 127 pp. Post 8vo, 4*. 6d. [1884] |
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JONES (T. WHABTOW), P.B.C.S., E.B.S., late Professor of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmi»
Surgeon to University College Hospital. A Manual of the Principles and Practice of Ophthalmic
Medicina and Surgery. Third Edition. With 9 Coloured Plates and
173 Engravings. 806 pp. Peap. 8vo, 12s. 6d. [1865] The Wisdom and Beneflcence of the Almighty as
Displayed in the Sense of Vision. Actonian Prize Essay. With
Illustrations. 135 pp. Peap. 8vo, 4s. 6d. [1851] Defects of Sight and Hearing: their Nature, Causes,,
Prevention, and General Management. Third Edition. 100 pp. Fcap. 8vo,
1». [1877] A Catechism of the Medicine and Surgery of the Eye
and Ear. For the Clinical Use of Hospital Students. 131 pp. Pcap. 8vo,
28. «& [1857] A Catechism of the Physiology and Philosophy of
Body, Sense, and Mind. Por Use in Schools and Colleges. 124 pp
Pcap. 8vo, fa. 6d. [1858] |
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JONES (JAMES), M.D., formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Free Hospital.
On the TJse of Perchloride of Iron and other Chaly-
. beate Salts in the Treatment of Consumption. 109 pp.
Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1862]
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KAY-SHUTTLEWOBTH (SIB ü. J.), BAKT.
First Principles of Modern Chemistry: a Manual of
Inorganic Chemistry. Second Edition. 214 pp. Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. [1870]
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KEYES (E. Ii.), A.M., M.D, Professor of Genito-Urinary Surgery, Syphilology, and Dermaiology, in
Bellevue Hospital Medieal College. The Surgical Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs,
ineluding Syphilis ; being a revision of Van Buren and Keyes' Text Book
upon the same subjects. With 114 Engravings. 704 pp. Koy. 8vo, 21s. [1888] |
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KIWG- (A. E. A.). A-M.. M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Woraen and Chüdren in the
Columbian University, Washington, and the University of Vermont. A Manual of Obstetrics. Third Edition. With 102 Engrav-
ings. 379 pp. Crown 8vo, 8s. [1886] |
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KOHLBATTSCH (DB. E.).
An Introduction to Physical Measurements. With
Appendices on Absolute Electrical Measurement, &c. Second Edition.
Translated from the Fourth Gertnan Edition by Thomas Hutchinson Waller, B.A., B.Sc., and Henry Richardsox Procter, F.C.S. With 37 Engravings. 344 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1883] LANCEBEATJX (DB.).
An Atlas of Pathological Anatomy. Translated by
W. S. Greenfield, M.D., Professor of Pathology in the University of
Edinburgh. With 70 Coloured Plates. Imp. 8vo, £5 5*. [1880] |
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LAlfK (EDWABD W.), M.D.
Hydropathy, or Hygienic Medicine. Second Edition.
159 pp. Post 8vo, 2s. U. [1859]
LAWBENCE (SIB "WM., BAKT.), F.B.S., formerly Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Lectures on Surgery. 632 pp. 8vo, 7*. 6d. [1863]
A Treatise on Ruptures. Fifth Edition. 632 pp. 8vo, 16*.
_________________ [1838]
LAWSON (BOBEBT), LL.D., Inspector-General of Hospitals.
The Milroy Lectures on Epidemie Influences—On the
Epidemiological Aspeets of Yellow Fever—On the Epidemiological
Aspeets of Cholera. With Charta. 95 pp. 8vo, 6s. [1888] |
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LEBEB AND BOTTENSTEIBT (DBS.).
Dental Caries and its Causes : an Investigation into the
Influence of Fungi in the Destruction of the Teeth. Translated by H. Chandler, D.M.D., Professor in the Dental School of Harvard University. With Illustrations. 103 pp. Eoyal 8vo, 5s. [1878] |
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LEE (AKTHtTK BOLLES).
The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum: a Handbook of the
Methods of Microscopic Anatomy, comprising upwards of 500 Formulse and
Methods, collected from the practice of the best workers. 424 pp. Crown 8vo, 8». 6d. [1885] |
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LEE (HEITBY), P.E.C.S., Consulting Surgeon to St. George's Hospital; late Consulting Surgeon to
the Lock Hospital. Lectures on Syphilis and on some Forms of Local
Disease aifecting prinoipally the Organs of Generation. Witb
Engravings. 311 pp. 8vo, lOs. [1875] Practical Pathology. Vol. II. Containing Twenty-one Lectures
on Syphilis, Gonorrhcea, Gonorrhceal Ophthalmia, &c. Third Edition. 386 pp. 8vo, lOs. _________________ [1870] LEE (ROBEBT), M.D., P.B.S., late Obstetric Physician to St. George's Hospital.
A Treatise on Hysteria : with 10 Quarto Engravings of the
Ganglia and Nerves of the Uterus and Heart. 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1871]
Consultations in Midwifery. 217 pp. Fcap. Svo, 4*. Qd.
________________ [1864]
LEISHMAN (WILLIAM), M.D., Eegius Professor of Midwifery to the Glasgow University.
The Mechanism of Parturition: an Essay, Historical and
Critieal. Witb. Engravings. 129 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1864]
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LESCHEB (F. HAHWOOD), F.C.S., Pereira Medallist.
Becent Materia Medica. Notes on their Origin and Thera-
peutics. Third Edition. 92 pp. 8vo, 2s. 6d. [1888]
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LEWIS ("W. BEVAN), L.E.C.P., Medical Superintendent, West Eiding Lunatic Asylum.
The Human Brain: Histological and Coarse Methods ot
Research. With Photographic IUustrations and Woodcuts. 163 pp. 8vo, 8s.
_________________ [1882] LIEBBEICH (BICHABD), M.B.C.S., Honorary Consulting Ophthalmie Surgeon to St. Thomas's
Hospital. Atlas of Ophthalmoscopy: representing the Normal and
Pathologioal Oonditions of the Eundus Oculi as seen with the Ophthalmoscope.
Composed of 12 Chromo-lithographic Plates (containing 59 Eigures drawn from Nature), and accompanied by an Explanatory Text, translated into Englieh by H. Eosbobough Swanzy, M.B. Third Edition. 4to, 40s. [1885] |
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LISTON (ROBERT), F.B.S.
Practical Surgery. Fourth Edition. 582 pp. 8vo, 22*.
_________________ [1846]
LIVEING (EDTABD), M.D., F.B.C.P., late Assistant-Physieian to King's College Hospital.
On Megrini, Sick Headache and some Allied Dis-
orders : a Contribution to the Pathology of Nerve Storms. 512 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1873]
LOGAN (DAVID D.), M.D., formerly Physician to the West London Hospital.
On Obstinate Diseases of the Skin. 67 pp. Ecap. 8vo,
2*. 6d. [1864]
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LOÜTDOBT HOSPITAL.
Pharmacopceia of the London Hospital. Compiled under
the direction of a Committee appointed by the Medical Council. 275 pp. Fcap.
8vo, 3». _______ [1882] LÜCKES (ETA C. E.), Matron to the London Hospital.
Hospital Sisters and their Duties. Second Edition. 164 pp.
Crown 8vo, 2a. U. [1888]
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LUSH (WILLIAM J. _.), _ .B.C.P.E., Associate (fotmerly Warnefora Scholar) of King'B College,
London. Examination Papers for the TJse of Medical Students.
112 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 2». 6d. [1877]
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MACDONALD (AKTG-tTS), M.D., E.B.S.E., Phjsician to, and Clinical Lectnrer on the Diseases
of Women at, the Edinburgh Koyal Infirmary. The Bearings of Chronic Disease of the Heart upon
Pregnancy, Parturition, and Childbed. With Engravings. 287 pp.
8vo, 8«. U. [1878] MACDOKTALD (JOHKT D.), M.D., P.B.S., Ex-Professor of Naval Hygiëne, Army Medical School.
A Guide to the Mieroscopical Examination of Drink-
ing "Water. With an Appendix on the Mieroscopical Examination of Air. Second Edition. With 25 Lithographic Plates. Containing many figures. 8vo, 7«. U. [1883] |
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MACKEETZIE (SIB MOBELL), M.D., Cousulting Physician to the Hospital for Diseases of the
Throat. Hay Fever and Paroxysmal Sneezing: their Etiology
and Treatment. With an Appendix on Rosé Cold. Eifth Edition. With Plate.
96 pp. Roy. 8vo, Is. 6d. [1887] Growths in the Larynx ; with Reports and an Analysis of 100
Conaeeutive Cases treated by the Author since the Invention of the Laryngo- scope. With Coloured Plates. 263 pp. 8vo, 12s. Gd. [1871] The Pharmacopceia of the Hospital for Diseases of the
Throat and Chest. Based on the British Pharmacopceia. Fourth Edition.
150 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 3s. [1881] |
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MACIiAGAN (T. J.), M.D.
Fever: a Clinical Study. 166 pp. 8vo, 7s. Gd. [1888]
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KCCLEOD (KENKTETH), A.M., M.D., F.B.C.S.E., Surgeon-Major, Indian Medical Service;
Professor of Surgery, Calcutta Medical College, &c. Operative Surgery in the Calcutta Medical College
Hospital: Statistics, Cases, and Comments. With 5 plates (9 figures). 352
pp. 8vo, 12$. 6i. [1885] |
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MACLEOD fWTLLIAM), M.D., formeily Senior Physieian to Ben-Rhydding.
The Theory of the Treatment of Disease adopted at
Ben-Khydding. 90 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 2s. Gd [1868]
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MACLISE (JOSEPH), F.B.C.S.
Surgical Anatomy. A Series of Dissections, illustrating the
Principal Regions of the Humau Body. Seoond Edition. 52 folio Plates and Text. £3 12s. [1856] On Dislocations and Fraetures. Uniform with " Surgical
Anatomy." 36 folio Plates and Text. £2 lOs. [1859]
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MAC MVNN (CHARLES A.), B.A., M.D.
The Speetroscope in Medicine. With 3 Chrorno-Litho-
graphie Plates of Physiologieal and Pathological Spectra, and 13 Engravings.
200 pp. 8vo, 9s. [1880] |
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MACMAMABA (CHABLES), F.B.C.S., Surgeon to, and Lectorer on Surgerj at, the Westminster
Hospita!; Surgeon to the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital. A Manual of the Diseases of the Eye. Fourth Edition.
With 4 Coloured Plates and 66 Engravings. 520 pp. Crown 8vo, 10*. Gd. [1882]
Diseases of Bones and Joints. Third Edition. With
Plates aDd Engravings. 535 pp. 8vo, 12s. [1887]
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MAWN (EBWAED O.), M.D., Member of the New York Medico-Legal Society, ie.
A Manual of Psychological Medicine and Allied
Hervous Disorders. With Phototype Plates and Engravings. 700 pp.
Koyal 3vo, 24a. [1883] |
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MAM'SOM' (D.), M.A., M.D., CM.
On the Sulphur and Chalybeate Waters of Strathpeffer
Spa, in the Scottish Highlands. With Map and Local Guide. Fifth
Edition. 106 pp. Crown 8vo, Is. [1884] |
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MABCET (WILLIAM), M.D., E.B.C.P., E.B.S., formerly Senior AsiistantPhysiciau to
Westminster Hospital.
On Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication; with an Inquiry into
the Influence of the Abuse of Alcohol as a Predisposing Cause of Disease.
Second Edition. 258 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 4«. Gd. [1862] |
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MABSH (DB. STLVESTEB).
Microscopical Section-Cutting: a Practical Guide to the
Freparation and Mounting of Sections for the Microscope, special prominence
being given to the subject of Animal Sections. Second Edition. With 17 Engravings. 156 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 3*. Gd. [1882] |
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MABTIN (JOHM), L.B.C.S.E., Surgeon, Armj Medieal Department.
Contributions to Military and State Medicine, including
(1) The Effects of Health and Disease on Military and Naval Operations;
and (2) The Influence of Drinking Water in Originating or Propagating Enteric Fever, Diarrhcea, Dysentery, and Cholera. 306 pp., 8vo, 10». 6d. [1881] |
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MAETIM" (JOHN M. H.), M.D., Honorary Surgeon to the Blackburn and East Lancashire Inflrmary.
Ambulance Lectures: to which is added A Nursing Lectuee,
in accordance with the regulations of the St. John Ambulance Assoeiation.
With 59 Engravings. 136 pp. Crown 8vo, 2*. [1888] |
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MARTIN (SIE BAKALD), E.B.C.S., F.E.S., formerly of the Medieal Staff, Bengal Army.
Influence of Tropical Climates in Producing the Acute
EndemicDiseaseslffEuropeans. Second Edition. 778 pp. 8vo, 12s. [1861]
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MAETTBT (PATEICK), M.D., Surgeon in Her Majesty's Fleet.
Hooping-Cough.: its Pathology and Treatment. With En-
gravings. 60 pp. 8vo., 2s. 6d. [1869] |
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MASON (FEANCIS), F.E.C.S., late Surgeon to, and Leeturer on Practical Surgery at, St. Thomts's
Hospitai. On Hare - Lip and Cleft Palate. With 66 Engravings.
134 pp. 8vo, 6s. [1877] On the Surgery of the Face. With 100 Engravings.
170 pp. 8vo, Is. 6d. [1878]
MAYNE (E.Ö.), M.D., L.L.D.
A Medieal Vocabulary; being an Explanation of all Terms
and Phrases used in the various Departments of Medieal Science and
Practice, giving their Eerivation, Meaning, Application, and Pronunciation, intended specially as a Book of Reference for the Student. Sixth Edition. Eevised and Enlarged by W. W. Wagstaffe, B.A., F.E.C.S., late Senior Assistant-Surgeon and Leeturer on Anatomy at St. Thomas's Hospitai. 479 pp. Crown 8vo, 10a. 6d. [1889] |
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MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.
Descriptive Catalogue of the Pathological Museum.
By J. Kingston Fowlee, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., Curator of the Museum;
assisted by J. B. Sutton, F.E.C.S., Assistant Curator. 308 pp. Royal 8vo, 12«.
_______________ [1884]
MITCHELL (EOBEET), M.E.C.S.
Cancer Life: its Causes, Progress, and Treatment. A
General and Historical Treatise. 193 pp. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1879]
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MITCHELIi (S. WEIB), M.D., Physician to the Philadelphia Inflrmary for Diseases of the
Nervous System.
Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System, especially
in Women. Second Edition. With 5 Plates. 287 pp. Post 8vo, 8s. [1885]
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MOOBE (Sir WILLIAM J.), K.C.I.E., M.D., late Surgeon-General with the Government of
Bombay; Honorary Physician to H.M. the Queen. A Manual of the Diseases of India : with a Compendium of
Diseases Generally. Second Edition. 638 pp. Post 8vo, 10*. [1886]
A Manual of Family Medieine and Hygiëne for India.
Published under the Authority of the Government of India. Fifth Edition.
With 71 Engravings. 768 pp. Post 8vo, 12». [1889] Health in the Tropics; or, Sanitary Art applied to Europeans
in India. 318 pp. 8vo, 9s. [1862] Health Resorts for Tropical Invalids, in India, at
Home, and. Abroad. 195 pp. Post 8vo, 5s. [1881]
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MOELEY (H. EOBSTEB), M.A., D.Sc., Joint Editor of " Watts' Dictionary of Chemistry."
Outlines of Organic Chemistry. ^510 pp. Crown 8vo,
Is. 6e*._________________• [1886]
MOBBIS (HElfET), M.A., E.E.C.S., Surgeon to, Lecturer on Anatomy and Practical Surgery at,
the Middlessex Hospital. The Anatomy of the Joints of Man. With 44 Plates (19
Coloured) and Engravings. 462 pp. 8vo, 16s. [1879]
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MOBBIS (JAMES), M.D.
Germinal Matter and the Contact Theory: an Essay on
the Morbid Poisons. Second Edition. 111 pp. Crown 8vo, is. Gd. [1867]
Irritability: Popular and Practical Sketches of Common
Morbid States and Conditions bordering on Disease; with Hints for Manage- ment, Alleviation and Cure. 114 pp. Crown 8vo, 4s. Gd. [1868] |
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MOBTOKT (JAMES), M.D., L.E.C.S.E., Professor of Materia Medica in Anderson's College, Glasgow.
The Treatment of Spina Bifida by a New Method.
With a Paper on the Pathology of Spina Bifida, by Prof. Cleland. With 4
Plates. 232 pp. Svo, Is. 6d. [1887] MOSELEY (G-EORGE), F.B.C.S.
Insanity Curable: Mental Disorders and Nervous Affections
whether of Recent Origin or Long Standing ; their Cause Investigated and their Snccessful Treatment by a New Method. 63 pp. 8vo, 2s. 6d. [1887] |
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MOTHERS (STTGGESTIOH'S TO).
On the Management of Children. 144 pp. Fcap. 8vo,
U Qd. [1884]
MOTTAT (FREDEBIC J.), M.D., P.E.C.S., tocal Government Board Inspector, and H. SAXOJST
SHELL, Pellow of the Koyal Institute of British Architects, &c.
Hospital Construction and Management. With a large
Map, 54 Lithographic Plates, and 27 Wood Engravings of the principal Pavilion
Hospitals of the World. Eound in half calf 35s. [1884] |
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MUBBAY (WILLIAM), M.D., E.R.C.P., Consulting Physician to the Newcastle Hospital for Sick
Children. The Rapid Cure of Aneurism by Pressure: Illustrated
by the Case of Mark Wilson, who was Cured of Aneurism of the Abdominal
Aorta in 1864. With Engravings. 43 pp. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. [1871] |
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MTJSHET ("W. BOYD), M.B.C.P., Physician to the Seaside Convalescent Institute for Women, New
Brighton. On Apoplexy, and Allied Affections of the Brain.
194 pp. 8vo, 7». [1866]
MYEBS (AETHUB B. E.), M.K.C.S., Surgeon to the Coldstream Guards.
On the Etiology and Prevalence of Diseases of the
Heart amoug Soldiers. With Diagrams. The " Alexander" Prize Essay.
92 pp. 8vo, 4s. [18701 NETTLESHIP (EDWABD), F.B.C.S., Ophthalmic Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital.
The Student's Guide to Diseases of the Eye. Fourth
Edition. With 164 Engravings, and a Set of Coloured Papers illu8trating
Colour-blindness. 432 pp. Fcap. 8vo, la. 6d [1887] © _________________
NOETH-EASTEEBT HOSPITAL POE CHILDEEBT.
The Pharmacopceia of the North-Eastern Hospital
for Children. Compiled by a* Committee of the Staff. 32 pp. Fcap. 8vo,
iuterleaved, Is. 6d. [1883} |
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OGLE (JOHN "W.)( M.A., M.D., Consulting Physician to St. George's Hospital.
On the Relief of Excessive and Dangerous Tympanites,
by Puneturing the Abdomen. A Meinoir. With Engraving. 111 pp.
8vo. 5s. 6d [1888] OGSTOW (PEABTCIS), M.D., late Professor of MedicalJurisprudcnce and Medical Logic i» the
University of Aberdeen. Lectures on Medical Jurisprudence. Edited by Feancis
Ogston, Jun., M.D., late Lecturer on Practical Toxicology in the University of
Aberdeen. With 12 Plates. 663 pp. 8vo, 18». [1878] |
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OFHTHALMOLOGICAL CONGBESS EEPOET POE 1873.
With Illustrations. 215 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1873]
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OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S TBANSACTIONS.
Vol. VIII. Session 1887-8. With Plates and Engravings. 336 pp. 8vo, 12». 6d.
[1888]
OPPEET (FEANCIS), M.D., formerly Physician to the City Dispensary.
Hospitals, Infirmaries and Dispensaries : their Construc-
tion, Interior Arrangement and Management; with Descriptions of Existing Institutions and 74 Illustrations. Second Edition. 278 pp. Koyal 8 vo, 12«. [1883]
Visceral and Hereditary Syphilis. 100 pp. Post 8vo, 5s.
[1868]
OED (MILLEE "W.), P.E.C.P., Physician to, and Lecturer on Medicine at, St. Thomas's Hospital. Notes on Comparative Anatomy: a Syllabus of a Course
of Lectures delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital. 203 pp. Crown 8vo. ba.
[1871]
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OSBOBET (SAMTJEL), F.B.C.S., late Surgical Eegistrar to St. Thomas's Hospital.
Hydrocele : its Several Varieties and their Treatment. With
Engravings. 84 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 3s. [1878] Notes on Diseases of the Testis. With Engravings. 117 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, 3». 6d. [1880]
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QWEN (ISAMBABD), M.A., M.D., E.B.C.P., Assistant-Physician to, and Lectorer on Materia
Medica and Therapeutics at, St. George's Hospital. Materia Medica; a Manual for the use of Students. Second
Edition. Kevised in accordance with the B.P. 1885. 228 pp. Crown 8vo, 6». Bé. [1886] |
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PAGE (HEBBEBT W.), M.A., M.O. Cantab., P.B.C.S., Surgeon to, and Leeturer on Surgerj
at, St. Mary's Hospital. Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord without apparent
Meehanical Lesion, and Nervous Shock, in their Surgical and Medico-
Legal Aspects. Seeond Edition. 400 pp. Post 8vo, 10a. [1885] |
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PABKES (EDMTJUD A.), M.D., P.B.S., late Professor of Hygiëne in the Army Medical School,
Netley. A Manual of Practical Hygiëne. Seventh Edition. By
F. de Chaumont, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Military Hygiëne in the Army
Medical School. With 9 Plates and 101 Engravings. 786 pp. 8vo, 18«. [1887] |
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PABKIN (JOHN), M.D., F.B.C.P.E.
Epidemiology ; or, the Remote Cause of Epidemie Diseases in
the Animal and in the Vegetable Creation. The Doctrine of Contagion.
Modern Theories. The Propagation of Cholera. Epizootics. 363 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1873
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FABSOETS (CHABBES), M.D., Honorary Surgeon to the Dover Convalescent Homes, &c.
Sea-Air and Sea-Bathing; their Influence on Health. A
Practical Guide for the Use of Visitors at the Sea-side. 119 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 1*. t
[1877]
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PATTEBSOET (JOHET), M.D., Chief Surgeon to the British Seamen's Hospital, Constantinople.
Egypt and the Nile as a "Winter Resort for Pulmonary
and other Invalids. 84 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3«. [1867]
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FAVY (PBEDEBICK "W".), M.D., P.B.S., Physician to, and Lectureron the Practiceof Medicine
at, Guy's Hospital. Food and Dietetics, Physiologically and Therapeuti-
cally Considered. Second Edition. 613 pp. 8vo, 15*. [1875]
Diabetes: Croonian Lectures on certain points connected there-
with, delivered at the Koyal College of Physicians. 126 pp. 8vo, 4s. 6d. [1878] |
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PEACOCK (THOMAS B.). M.D., F.R.C.P., late PhyBician to St. Thomas's Hospital, and to the
Victoria Park Hospital. On Malformations of the Human Heart. With Original
Cases and Illustrations. S»cond Edition. Witb 8 Plates. 204 pp. 8vo, lOs.
[1866]
On some of the Causes and Effects of Valvular Disease
of the Heart. With Engravings. 114 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1865]
On the Prognosis in Cases of Valvular Disease of
the Heart. With Engravings. 55 pp. 8vo, 3s. 6d [1877]
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PEREIRA (JONATHAN), M.D., F.R.S.
Selecta è Prescriptis. Selections from Physicians' Prescrip-
tions: containing Lists of Terms, Phrases, Contraetions, Abbreviations, Gram-
matical Construction, Rules for Pronunciation, Vocabulary, &c. With a series of Abbreviated Preseriptions and Key to the same, with Translations. Eor the use of Students. Seventeenth Edition. 352 pp. 24mo, 5«. [1881] |
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PHILLIPS (CHARLES, D. E.), M.D., E.R.S., Edin., late Lecturer on Materia Medica and
Therapeutics at the Westrainster Hospital. Materia Medica and Therapeutics: Vegetable Kingdom—
Organio Compounds—Animal Kingdom. 1081 pp. 8vo, 25». [1886]
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PIRRIE ("WILLIAM), E.R.S.E., late Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen.
The Principles and Practice of Surgery. Third Edition.
With 490 Engravings. 977 pp. 8vo, 28s. [1873]
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POLLOCK (C. FRED.), M.D., E.R.C.S., E.R.S.E., Surgeon for Diseases of the Eye to Anderson'i
College Dispensary, Glasgow. The BTormal and Pathological Histology of the Human
Eye and Eyelids. With 100 Plates, containing 230 original Drawings.
Crown 8vo, 15s. _______________ [1886] PORRITT (NOEMAH), L.R.C.P. Lond., M.R.C.S., late House-Surgeon to the Huddersfleld
Infirmary and the General Infirroary, Leeds. The Operative Treatment of Intra-Thoracic Effusion.
Being the Fothergillian Prize Essay, 1883. 307 pp. Crown 8vo, 6*. [1883]
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PRICE (LAKE).
Photographic Manipulation; a Manual treating of the
Practice of the Art, and its various Applications to Nature. Second Edition.
With numerous Engravings. 304 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. 6d. [1868] |
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PRICE (PETER C), P.R.C.S., formerly Assistant-Surgeon to King's College Hospital,
An Essay on Excision of the Knee-joint. With Coloured
Plates. With Memoir of the Author and Notes by Henry Smith, F.R.C. S.
192 pp. Royal 8vo, 14s. [1865] |
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PRIDHAM (THOMAS L.), M.R.C.S.
Observations on the Result of Treatment of nearly
One Hundred Cases of Asthma. Third Edition. 64 pp. 8vo, 2». 6d.
[1881]
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PBIESTLEY (WILLIAM O.), M.D., P.B.C.P, LL.D., Consulting Physician to King's
College Hospital. The Pathology of Intra-Uterine Death: being the
Lumleian Lectures delivered before the R.C.P. Lond., March 1887. With 3
Coloured Plates (7 figures), and 17 Engravings. 200 pp. 8vo, 7*. 6d. [1887] |
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PBOCTOR (BABïfABD S.), formerly Lecturer on Pharmacy at the College of Medicine, Neweastle-
on-Tyne. Lectures on Practical Pharmacy. Second Edition. With
44 Eugravings and 32 Lithograph Facsimile Presoriptions. 493 pp. 8vo,
14*. [1883] |
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FTJBCELL (I*. ALBEBT), M.D., M.C., Surgeon to the Caneer Hospital, Erompton.
On Caneer : its allies and other Tumours, with special reference
to their Medical and Surgical Treatment. With Mioroscopical Ulustrations. 311 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1881] |
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FYE-SMITH (PHILIP H.) B.A., M.D., P.B.C.P., Physician to Guy's Hospital.
Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on Physiology. With
Diagrams and an Appendix of Notes and Tables. 110 pp. Crown 8vo. 5s.
[1885]
QTJIH'BY' (HENBT C.) L.D.S.B.C.S.I., Momber of the Odontologieal Societies of New York and
London. Notes on Dental Practice. With 87 Engravings. 202 pp.
8vo, 9s. [1884]
BAOPOBD (THOMAS), M.D., late Honorary Consulting Physician to St. Mary's Hospital, Man-
chester. Observations on the Csesarean Section, Craniotomy,
and on other Obstetrie Operations. With Cases. Second Edition, with
Plates. 225 pp. 8vo, lOs. [1880] |
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BAMSBOTHAM (FBANCIS H.), M.D., formerly Obstetrie Physician to the London Hospital.
The Principles and Practice of Obstetrie Medicine
and Surgery. Fifth Edition. IUustrated with 120 Plates; forming one
thick handsome volume. 752 pp. 8vo, 22s. [1867] |
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BAYE (J. ABDAVOK), L.K.Q.C.P.I., late Surgeon H.B.M. Transport Serrice, and to the
E. I. E. Eifles. Ambulance Handbook for Volunteers and others.
With 16 Plates (50 figures). Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. [1884]
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BEYJIOND (DTJ BOIS), Member of the Academies of Sciences of Berlin and Vienna.
Animal Elëctricity. Edited by H. Bence Jones, M.D.
With 50 Engravings. 214 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 6». [1852]
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EEYETOLDS (JAMES J.), L.K.C.P., M.B.C.S., Medical 0fficer,&c., of the Boiford District of the
Cosford Union. Notes on Diseases of Women; Specially designed to
Assist the Student in Preparing for Examination. Third Edition. 112 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1886] Notes on Midwifery; Specially desigued to Assist the Student
in preparing for Examination. Seeond Edition. With 35 Engravings. 160 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 4a. _________________ [1886] EEYNOIDS (J. BTJSSELL), M.D., E.B.S., Physician to University College Hospital.
Lectures on the Clinical Uses of Electrieity, delivered at
University College Hospital. Seeond Edition. 116 pp. Post 8vo, 3s. Gd.
._________________ [1873]
KICHABDSON" (BENJAMIN WJ, M.D., F.B.S., Consulting Physician to St. Marylebone
General Dispensary. Discourses on Practical Physic. 93 pp. Svo, 5s. [1871]
BICHABDSON (JOSEPH), M.D., D.D.S., late Emeritus Professor of the Prineiples of Prosthetic
Demistry in the Indiana Medical College. A Practical Treatise on Mechanical Dentistry. Fourth
Edition. With 458 Engravings. 710 pp. Roy. 8vo, 21s. [1886]
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BIDGE (J. JAMES), M.D., Physician to the London Temperanoe Hospital.
Diet for the Sick ; being Nutritious Combinations suitable for
Severe Cases of Illness. Third Edition. 56 pp. 16mo, Is. Gd. [1886] |
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BIVIWG-TOBT (WALTEB), P.B.C.S., Surgeon to the London Hospital.
Pupture of the Urinary Bladder. Based on the Records
of more than 300 Cases of the Affection. 160 pp. 8vo, Ss. Gd. [1884]
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BOBEBTS (CHABLES), F.B.C.S., late Assistant-Surgeon, Victoria Hospital for Children.
The Detection of Colour Blindness and Imperfect
Eyesight. With a Table of Coloured Wools and Sheet of ïest-types. Seeond
Edition. 8vo, 5s._________________ [1884] BOBEBTS (D. LLOYD), M.D., F.B.C.F., Physician to St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester; Lecturer
on Clinical Midwifery and Diseases of Women at Owens College. The Student's Guide to the Practice of Midwifery.
Third Edition. With 2 Coloured Plates and 127 Engravings. 381 pp. Fcap.
8vo, 1». Gd. _________________ [1884] BOBEBTSOH" (WILLIAM H.), M.D., F.B.C.P., Consulting Physician to the Deronshire
Hospital and Buxton Bath Charity. The Nature and Treatment of Gout. 372 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d.
[1845]
A Treatise on Diet and Pegimen. Fourth Edition. 2 vols.
717 pp. Post 8vo, 12s. ________________ [1848]
BOBINSOBT (TOM), M.D., Physician to St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Syphilis. Crown 8vo>
3s. Gd. [1886]
On Eczema: its Etiology, Pathology, and Treatment. 144 pp.
Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1887]
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BOBIBTSON (WILLIAM), M.D., M.S.
Bndemic Goitre or Thyrocele, being the Thesis for the
Degree of M.D. Durham, for which the Gold Medal of 1884 was awarded.
With subsequently added Notes and Appendix. 66 pp. 8 o, 5s. [1885 | |
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BODWELL (GEORGE F.), F.B.A.S., Science Master at Marlborough College.
Notes on Natural Philosophy; being the Substaneo of a
Course of Lectures delivered at Guy's Hospita!. With 48 Engravings. [66 pp.
Fcap. 8vo, 5s. _______________ . [1873] |
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BOGERS (JAMES), M.D., late Physieian to the British Legation, St. Petersburg.
On the Present State of Therapeutics. With some
Suggestions for placing it on a more Scientific Basis. 232 pp. 8vo, 6s. Gd.
_______________ [1870]
BOSS (JAMES). M.D., LL.D., F.B.C.F., Senior Assistant-Physician to the Manchester Eoyal
Infirmary. A Treatise on the Diseases of the Nervous System.
Second Edition. With Lithographs, Photographs, and 330 Wood Engravings.
2 vols. 2060 pp. 8vo, 52s. Gd. [1883] Handbook of the Diseases of the Nervous System.
With 184 Engravings. 723 pp. 8vo, 18s. [1885]
Aphasia : being a Contribution to the Subject of the Dissolution
of Speech from Oerebral Disease. With Engravings. 8vo, As. Gd. [1887]
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BOtTSSEL (J.), M.D., Knight of the Orders of St. Wladirair of Eussia, Pranz Joseph of Austria,
Leopold of Belgium. Transfusion of Human Blood. Translated from the French
and German by C. H. C. Guinotbs, BA. With a Preface by Sir James Paget, Bart. With Engravings. 96 pp. Post 8vo, 2s. Gd. [1877] |
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BOTTTH (CHABLES H. E.), M.D., Senior Physieian to the Samaritan Hospital for Women and
Cbildren. Infant Feeding, and its Influence on Life; or, the Causes
and Prevention of Infant Mortality. Eourth Edition. pp. Fcap. 8vo.
_______________ [In the Press]
BOYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEOBTS OP ENGLAÜTD.
Descriptive Catalogue of the Pathological Specimens
contained in the Museum of the Koyal College of Surgeons of
England. Second Edition, by Sir James Paget, with the Assistance of James F. Goodhaet, M.D., and Alban G. Doban, F.R.C.S. VoL I. General Pathology. 204 pp. Boyal 8vo, 5s. [1882]
Vol. II. Morbid Conditions of the Blood, the Organs of Motion, and the
Skeleton. 527 pp. Royal 8vo, Is. 6d. [1883]
Vol. III. Morbid Conditions of the Teeth, Jaws, Alimentary Tract, Liver
and Gall Bladder, Ductless Glands, Circulatory and Eespiratory Organs. 541 pp.
Koyal 8vo. 7*. Gd. [1884]
Vol. IV. Morbid Conditions of the Urinary Organs, of the Nervous
System and Organs of Special Senses, of the Generative Organs and Breast, and
tje Anatomy of Stumps. Boyal 8vo, Is. Gd. [1885]
*** A Priced List of the other Catalogues and Publications of the Museum of the
College may be obtained on application (enclosing postage stamp) to Messrg. ChurchilL |
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BOY (GOFATTL CHTJNDEB), M.D., Surgeon, Bengal Establishment.
The Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Burdwan
Fever, or the Epidemie Fever of Lower Bengal. New Edition. 168 pp. 8vo, 5*.
_____ _ [1876] BOYLE (J. FOBBES), M.D., F.B.S., formerly Professor of Materia Medioa in King's College;
and JOHN HABLEY, M.D., F.B.C.P., Physician to, and Joint Lecturer on Clinical Medicine at, St. Thomas's Hospital. A Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. Sixth
Edition. With Supplement of Additions and Alterations contained in the B.P.,
1885, With 139 Engravings. 856 pp. Crown 8vo, 15s. [1876] |
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ETMEE (JAMES), L.D.S. Eng., M.B.C.S.
Note-Book for Dental Students (Dental Anatomy and Phy-
siology). 67 pp. Ecap. 8vo, St. [1888]
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SABBEN (JAMES T.), M.D., and J. H. BALFOUB BBOWETE, Barrister-at-Law.
Handbook of Law and Lunacy; or, the Medical Prac-
titioner's Complete Guide in all Matters relating to Lunacy Practice. 138 pp.
8vo, 5*. _______________ [1872] ST. BAETHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL.
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Anatomical and Pa-
thological Museum of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Edited by
Eredbeic S. Eve, F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Vol. I. Pathology. 610 pp. Imp. 8vo, 15«. [1882]
Vol. II. Teratoiogy. Anatomy and Physiology. Botany. 267 pp. Imp. 8vo,
Is. Gd. _______________ [1885]
ST. GEOBGE'S HOSFITAL.
Reports by the Medical and Surgical Staff. Vol. X.
With Engravings. 662 pp. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1880]
Pathological Museum Catalogue. Edited by Dr. John W.
Oglb and Mr. Timothy Holmes. 886 pp. 8vo, 15». [1866]
Supplementary Catalogue: A Description of the Specimens
added during the yeara 1866-81. By Isambard Owest, M.D., Curator. 284 pp.
8vo, 5s._______________ [1882] ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL.
Reports by the Medical and Surgical Staff. Vol. XVI.
New Series. With Plates and Engravings. 424 pp. Svo, Is. Gd. [1887]
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SALT (T. P.), Anatomical and Orthopedie Mechanician to H.R.H, the Princo of Wales.
A Treatise on Deformities and Debilities of the Lower
Extremities, and the Meehanical Treatment Employed in the
Promotion of their Cure. Illustrated by Coloured Drawings of the Muscles andTendons of the Leg and Foot, Lithographs of Cases, and numerous En- gravings of the most approved Mechanism employed. 204 pp. 8vo, 15s. [1866] A Practical Description of Every Form of Medico-
Electric Apparatus ïn Modern Use, with Plain Direotions for Mounting,
Charging, and Working. Seeond Edition. With 33 Engraviugs. 79 pp. 8vo, 2s. Gd. _______________ [1877 SALTEB (H. HTDE), M.D., F.B.S., late Physician to Charing Cross Hospital.
Asthma. Seeond Edition. 464 pp. 8vo, lOs. ri868]
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SAMDEBSON (J. BTJBDOU'), M.D., F.B.S., Jodrell Professor of Physiology'in üniversity
College; E. KLEIN, M.D., Ê.B.S., Assistant-Professor in the Brown Institution; MICHAEL EOSTEB, M.D., E.B.S., Praleetor of Phvsiology at Trinity College, Cambridge; and T. LATOEE BBtrBTTOBT, M.D., F.B.S., Leeturer on Materia Medica at St. Bartbolomew's Hospital Medical College. Handbook for the Physiologieal Laboratory: containing
an Exposition of the fundamentalfacts of the Science, with explicit Directions for
their demonstration. 2 Vols. 583 pp. Text, and 123 Plates. Svo, 24s. [1873] |
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SAWSOM (ARTHTJB E.), M.D., F.B.C.P., Physieian to the London Hospital.
The Treatment of some of the Forms of Valvular
Disease of the Heart. Being the Lettsomian Lectures for 1883. Second
Edition. With 26 Engravings. 160 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 4s. 6d. [1886] The Antiseptic System in Medicine and Surgery; a
Treatise on Carbolic Acid and its Compounds,' with Enquiries into the Germ
Theories of Permentation, Putrefaction, and Infection ; The Theory and Prac- tice of Disinfection ; and the practical application of Antiseptics. With 9 Plates (42 figures), 356 pp. Svo, lOs. 6d. |
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SAVAGE (HENET),M.D., Consulting Physieian to the Samaritan Hospital for Women and Children.
The Surgery, Surgical Pathology, and Surgical Ana-
tomy of the Female Pelvic Organs, in a Series of Coloured Plates taken
from Nature. With Gommentaries, .Notes, and Cases. Also Engravings and Special Illustrations of the Surgery of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula, Ovariotomy and Perineal Operations. Fifth Edition. 4to, 35«. [1882] |
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SAYBE (LEWIS A.), M.D., Professor of Orthopedie and Clinieal Surgery in Bellevue Hospital
Medical College, New York. Lectures on Orthopsedic Surgery and Diseases of the
Joints. With 324 Engravings. 569 pp. Koyal 8vo, 21«. [1883]
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SCHBOEDEB (KABL), M.D., Professor of Midwifery in the üniversity of Erlangen.
A Manual of Midwifery; including the Pathology of Preg-
nancy and the Puerperal State. Translated by Charles H. Carter, M.D. With Engravings. 388 pp. 8vo, 12s. 6d. [1873] |
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SCHWEIGGEB (O.), M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology at the üniversity of Berlin.
Clinieal Investigations on Squint. Translated from the
German by Emily J. Eobinson-. Edited by Gustavus Hartmdge, P.B.CS.
141 pp.. 8vo, 5s. _________________ [1887] SCOBESBY-JACKSOW (B. E.), M.D., E.B.S.E., formerly Physieian to the Edinburgh New
Town Dispensary. Medical Climatology; or, a Topogi-aphieal and Meteorological
Description of the Localities resorted to in Winter and Summer by Invalids of varions classes both at Home and Abroad. With an Isothermal Chart. 509 pp. Post 8vo, 12s._________________ [1862] SXMFIiE (BOBEET H.), M.D., E.B.C.P., Physieian to the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat,
A Manual of the Diseases of the Heart: their Pathology,
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment. 296 pp. 8vo, 8«. Gd. [187E]
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SEWHiJCi (HEINEST), M.B.C.S., L.D.S., late Dental Surgeonto the West London Hospital.
The Student's Guide to Dental Anatomy and Surgery.
Second Edition. With 78 Engravings. 228 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 5*. 6d. [1883]
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SHAPTEB (THOMAS), M.D., F.B.C.P., Consulting Physician to the Devon and Eieter Hospital.
Notes and Observations on Diseases of the Heart and
of the Lungs in coimection therewith. 237 pp. 8vo, Is. 6d. [1874]
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SHABKEY (SEYMOTJB J.), MA., M.B., F.B.C.P., Assistant-Physician to, and Joint Leclurcr
on Pathology at, St. Thomas's Hospital. Spasm in Chronic Werve Disease. The Gulstonian Lectures
at the tt. C. P. 1886. With 15 Engravings. 100 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1886]
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SHABPE (JAMES B.), M.B.C.S.
A Manual of Auscultation and Percussion. Principally
compiled from Laenneo's Work. Third Edition. 118 pp. 12mo, 3*. [1839]
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SHEA (JOHN), M.D., Physician to the Eoyal Berkshire Hospital.
A Manual of Animal Physiology. "With an Appendix of
Questions for the B.A. London and other Examinations. With Engravings.
240 pp. Ecap. 8vo, 5s. 6d. [1863] SHOBE (THOMAS W.), M.D., B.Sc. Lond., Lccturer on Comparative Anatomy at St. Bartbolo-
mew's Hospital. Elementary Practical Biology. Vegetable. 180 pp. 8vo,
6«. f_________________ [1887]
SIBSON (EEANCIS), M.D.. P.B.S., formerly Senior Physician to, aud Leoturer on Clinical
Medicina at, St. Mary's Hospital. Medical Anatomy. 21 Imnerial folio Coloured Plates and
Text. £22s.___________ [1869] SIEVEKING (SIB EDWABD H), M.D., F.B.C.P., Physician to St. Mary's Hospital.
The Medical Adviser in Life Assurance. Second
Edition. 200 pp. Crown 8vo, Gs. [1882]
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SILK (J. 3TBEDEBICK W.). M.D., Anasstheüst to the Great Northern Central Hospital, and to^the
National Dental Hospital, &c. A Manual of Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia: for the use of
Students and General Practitioners. With 26 Engravings. 120 pp. 8vo, 5».
.[1888]
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SIMON (SIB JOHN), C.B., F.B.S., &o.
Public Health Reports. Edited for the Sanitary Institute of
Great Britain, by Edwakd Seaton, M.D., F.R.C.P. 2 Vols. With 2 Portraits. 1172 pp. 8vo, 36s. [1887] SINCLAIB (SIB EDWAHD B.), M.D., F.K.Q..C.F.I., late Kina's Professor of Midwifery,
Trinity College, Dublin; aud GEOBGE JOHNSTON, M.D., P.K.Q.O.P.I., late Master of the Dublin Lying-in Hospital. Practical Midwifery: comprising an Account of 13,748
Deliveries which ocourred in the Dublin Lying-in Hospital, during a period of Seven Years. 574 pp. 8vo, lOs. [1858] |
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SMELLIE (WILLIAM), M.D.
Obstetric Plates ; heing a Selection from the more Important
and Practical Ulustrations contained in the Original Work. With Anatomical
and Practical Directions. 26 pp. of Text. 8vo, 5». ■ [1848] |
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SMITH (ETTSTAOE), M.D., P.K.C.F., Phjrsieian to H.M. the King of the Belgians, andfo the East
London Hospital ibr Children. On the Wasting Diseases of Infants and Children.
Fifth Edition. 380 pp. Post 8vo, 8s. Gd. [1888]
A Practical Treatise on Disease in Children. 844 pp.
8vo, 22s. [1884]
Clinical Studies of Disease in Children. Second Edition.
318 pp. Post 8vo, Is. Gd. [1887]
SMITH (HE3STBY), P.H.C.S., Emeritus Professor of, Surgery in King's College; Consulting
Surgeon to King's College Hospital. The Surgery of the Rectum. Comprising the Lettsomian
Lectures on Surgery, delivered before the Medical Society cf London, 1865.
Fifth Edition. 185 pp. 8vo, 6s. [1882] |
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SMITH (HEYWOOD), M.D., late Physician to the Hospital for Women and to the British Lying-in
Hospital. Dysmenorrhoea, its Pathology and Treatment. With
Engravings. 122 pp. Crown 8vo, 4*. Gd. [1881]
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SMITH (JOHN BABKEB).
Pharmaceutical Guide to the First and Second Exami»
nations. Second Edition. 243 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. Gd. [1874]
SMITH (J. GBEIG), M.A„ P.B.S.E., Surgeon to the Bristol Koyal Infirmary ; Leoturer on Surgery
in Bristol Medica! School. Abdominal Surgery. Second Edition. With 70 Engravings.
776 pp. 8vo, 21s._______________ [1888]
SMITH (PBIESTLEY), M.B.C.S., Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham.
Glaucoma: its Causes, Symptoms, Pathology, and
Treatment. The Jacksonian Prize Essay for 1878. "With Lithographic
Plates (comprising 58 figures). 281 pp. 8vo, 10s. Gd. [1879] |
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SNELL (SIMEON), M.E.C.S., Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Sheffleld General Infirmary and to the
Institution for the Blind. The Blectro-Magnet and its Employment in Oph-
thalmic Surgery: with Special Reference to the Detection and Removal of Fragments of Steel or Iron from the Interior of the Eye. 94 pp. Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1883] SNOW (HEBBEET L.), M.D., Surgeon to the Cancer Hospital, Brompton.
Clinical Notes on Cancer ; its Etiology and Treatment.
With special reference to the Heredity-Fallacy ; and to the Neurotic origin of
most cases of Alveolar Carcinoma. 100 pp. Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1883] |
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SOTJTHALL (W.), P.L.S.
The Organic Materia Medica of the British Pharma-
copceia. Systematically arranged; with brief Notices of the Remedies con-
tained in the Indian and U.S. PharmacopcBias, and Short Descriptions of their Chief Adulterants and Substitutions. Fourth Edition. 252 pp. Crown 8vo 5». [1887] |
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SOtTTHAM (F. A.), M.A., M.B. Oxou., F.B.C.S., Assistant-Surgeon to the Manchester Koyal
Infirmarj'; Assistant-Lecturer on Surgery in the Uwens College School of Medicine. Regional Surgery, including Surgical Diagnosis. A
Manual for the use of Students.
Part II. The Upper Bxtremity and Thorax. 347 pp. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. [1884] Part III. The Abdomen and Lower Extremitj'. 285 pp. Crown 8vo, 7*. [1886] |
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SPABKS (EDWABD I.), M.A., M.B., P.B.C.P., late Physician to the Skin Department of
Charing Cross Hospital, &c. The Eiviera: Sketches of the Health Resorts of the North
Mediterranean Coast of Prance and Italy, from Hyéres to Spezia; with Chapters on the General Meteorology of the District its Medieal Aspect and Value, &c. 403 pp. Crown 8vo, 8s. öd. [1879] |
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SPENDEB (JOHN K.), M.D., Surgeon to the Mineral Water Hospital, Bath.
A Manual of the Pathology and Treatment of Ulcers
and Cutaneous Diseases of the Lower Limbs. 89 pp. 8vo, 2s. 6d.
[1868]
SQXJIBE (PETEB), F.L.S., PETER WYATT SQUTBE, E.L.S., P.C.S., and
ALPBBD HEBBEBT SQ,TJTBE. Companion to the British Pharmacopoeia (latest Edition),
comparing the Strength of its various Preparations with those of the United
States, and other Foreign Pharmacopoeias, to which are added Not-official Preparations, and Practical Hints on Prescribing; also an Appendix, containing Articles employed in Chemical Testing, and Analyses of the Spas of Europe. Pourteenth Edition. 526 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1886] The Pharmacopoeias of Twenty-five of the London
Hospitals, arranged in Groups for Comparison. Pifth Edition. 317 pp.
18mo, 6s. [1885] Companion to the Medicine Chest; and Directions for
Sick-room Cookery. Pourth Edition. 51 pp. 48mo, Is. [1882]
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SQTJIBE (WILLIAM), M.D., P.B.C.P., Physician to St. Gcorge, Hanover Square Dispensary.
Collected Essays in Preventive Medicine. 243 pp. 8vo,
6s. 6d. _________________ [1887]
STEAVENSON fWILLIAM E.), M.D., M.B.C.P., Casualty Physician and Elcctrician to
St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Electricity and its Manner of "Working in the Treat-
ment of Disease. A Thesis for the M.D. Cantab. Degree, 1884. To which is appended an Inaugural Medieal Dissertation on Electricity for the M.D. Edin. Degree, written in Latin by Robert Steavenson, M.D., in 1778, with a Translation by the Pev. F. R. Steavenson, M.A. 127 pp. Svo, is. 6d. [1885] |
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STEGGALL (JOHN), M.D., formerly Leeturer on Materia Medica at the Charing Cross Hospital
Medieal School. First Lines for Chemists and Druggists preparing for
Examination at the Pharmaceutical Society. Third Edition. 149 pp.
18mo, 3s. Gd. [1869] ■STEINER (JOHANN), M.D., Professor of the Diseases of Children in the University of Fragu».
Compendium of Children's Diseases; a Handbook for
Practitioners and Students, translated from the Second Gerrnan Edition, by
Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., Surgeon to the Birmiiigham Hospital for Women, &c. 408 pp. 8vo. 12i. U. [1874] |
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STILLE (ALEKED), M.D., LL.D., Professor of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania; and
.TOHN M. MAISCH, Ph.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Botanv in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. The National Dispensatory; containing the Natural His-
tory, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Actions and TJsea of Medicines, including those
reoognised in the Pharmaeopoeias of the United States, Qreat Britain, and Germany, with numerous references to the French Codex. Fourth Edition. With 311 Engravinga. 1781 pp. 8vo, 36». [1886] |
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STIMSOET (LEWIS A.), B.A., M.D., Professor of Clinioal Snrgery in New York UniTcrsity,
Surgeon to the New York and Bellevue Hospitals, &e. A Treatise on Fractures. With 360 Engravings. 600 pp.
Boyal 8vo, 21». [1883]
A Treatise of Dislocations. With ] 63 Engravings. 539 pp.
Koyal 8vo, 15». _________________ [1888]
STOCKEN (JAMES), L.D.S.B.C.S., late Leetnrer on Dental Materia Medica and Therapeutics to
the National Dental College, Assisted by THOMAS GADDES, L.D.S., Eng. and Edin. Elements of Dental Materia Medica and Therapeutics,
with Pharmacopceia. Third Edition. 400 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 7». 6d. [1882]
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STOCKEK (J. SHEKWOOD), M.D., Physician to the Western General Dispensary.
Hints for Health; being Two Lectures on the Influence o£
Air, Water, Food, and Wine on the System. 47 pp. 8vo, 2». [1874] |
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3TOWE (WILLIAM), M.B.C.S.
A Toxicological Chart, exhibiting at one View the Symptoms,
Treatment, and Mode of Detecting the varioua Poisona, Mineral, Vegetable,
and Animal. With concise Directiona for the Treatment of Suspended Anima- tion. Thirteenth Edition, revised. On Sheet', 2s.; on Holler, 5». [1872] |
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SX7LLIVAM- (JOHN), M.D.
The Endemic Diseases of Tropical Climates, with their
Treatment. 211 pp. Post 8vo, 6». ' [1877]
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BUTTON (FKANCIS), E.C.S., Public Analyst for the County of Norfolk.
A Systematic Handbook of Volumetric Analysis; or,
the Quantitative Estimation of Chemical Substancea by Measure, applied to
Liquids, Solids, and Gaaes. Adapted to the requirements of Pure Chemical Be- search, Pathological Chemistry, Pharmacy, Metallurgy, Manufacturing Chemiatry, Photography, &c, and for the Valuation of Substances used in Commerce, Aericulture, and the Arts. Fifth Edition. With 90 Engravings. 491 pp. 8vo, 16». _________________ [1886] STJTTOH (JOHN BLAJSD), E.K.C.S., Assistant-Snrgeon, lecturer on Comparative Anatomy, &c,
to Middlesex Hospita). An Introdnction to General Pathology. Founded on
Three Lectures delivered at the Eoyal College of Surgeons, 1886. With 149
Engravinga. 8vo, 14s. [1886] SWAIN (WILLIAM PATJL), E.H.C.S., Surgeon to the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital.
Surgical Emergencies; together with the Emergencies atten-
dant on Parturition, and the Treatment of Poisoning ; a Manual for the Uae of General Practitioners. Fourth Edition. With 120 Engravings. 229 pp. Crown 8vo, 5». [1887] |
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SWAIET (WILLIAM FAVIj)~conUn,ied.
Injuries and Diseases of the Rn.ee-joint, and their Treat-
ment by Arnputation and Excision contrasted. Jacksonian Prize Essay. With,
36 Engravings. 252 pp. 8vo, 9». [1869] SWAYWE (JOSEPH G.), M.D., Leeturer on Obstetrio Medicine at the Briatol Medieal School.
Obstetrio Aphorisms for the TJse of Students com-
menemg Midwifery Praotioe. Ninth Edition. With 17 Engravings.
159 pp. I'cap. Svo 3». 6d. _________________ [1888] TAPT (JONATHAN), D.D.S., Professor of Operative Surgery in the Ohio Dental College.
A Practical Treatise on Operative Dentistry. Third
Edition. With 134 Engravings. 521 pp. 8vo, 18». [1877]
TAYLOB (ALÏBED S.), M.D., P.B.S., late Professor of Medieal Jurisprudcnce to Guy's Hospital.
The Principles and Practice of Medieal Jurisprudence.
Third Edition. By Thomas Stevenson, M.D., F.R.C.P., Leeturer on Chemistry
and Medieal Jurisprudence at Guy's Hospital; Official Analyst to the Home Office. With 188 Engravings. 2 Vols. 1384 pp. 8vo, 31s. 6'd. [1883] A Manual of Medieal Jurisprudence. Eleventh Edition.
By Thomas Stevenson, M.D., F.R.C.P. With 55 Engravings. 837 pp. Crown
8vo, 14». [1886] On Poisons, in relation to Medieal Jurisprudence and Medicine.
Third Edition. With 104 Engravings. 834 pp. Crown 8vo, 16». [1875]
TEALE (T. PKIDGIN), M.A., P.B.C.S., Surgeon to the Leeds General Iuflrmary.
Dangers to Health. A Pictorial Guide to Domestic Sanitary
Defects. Fourth Edition. With 70 Plates (mostly coloured) and Text. 172 pp. 8vo, 10». [1883] THIN (GEOBGE), M.D.
Cancerous Affections of the Skin. A Treatise on Epithe-
lioma and Kodent Ulcer. With Engravings. 87 pp. 8vo, 5». [1886]
Pathology and Treatment of Ringworm. "With 21
Engravings. 87 pp. Med. 8vo, 5». [1887]
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THOMAS (T. GAILLABD), M.D., Professor of Diseases of "VVomen in the College of Physioians
and Surgeons, New York; Surgeon to the New York State Woman's Hospital. A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Women.
Fifth Edition. With 266 Engravings. 806 pp. Roy. 8vo, 25». [1880]
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THOMPSON (SIB HENBY), F.B.C.S., Consulting Surgeon to TJniversity College Hospital.
The Suprapubic Óperation of Opening the Bladder for
the Stone and for Tumours. With 13 Engravings. 57 pp. 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1886]
The Diseases of the Prostate; their Pathology and Treat-
ment. Sixth Edition. With 39 Engravings. 231 pp. 8vo, 6». [1886] Stricture of the Urethra and TJrinary Fistulse ; their
Pathology and Treatment. Eourth Edition. With 74 Engravings. 254 pp.
Svo, 6». [1885] Practical Lithotomy and Lithotrity ; or, an Inquiry into
the best Modes of removing Stone from the Bladder. Third Edition. With 87
Engravings. 304 pp. Svo, 10». [1880] The Preventive Treatment of Calculous Disease, and
the Use of Solvent Remedies. Third Edition. 88 pp. Crown 8vo, 2». 6d.
[1888]
[Continued on next page.
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THOMPSON (SIB HENRY)-cM«n«e<i.
Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the TJrinary Organs.
Delivered at University College. Eighth Edition. With 121 Engravings. 470 pp.
8vo, lOs. 83. [1888] Tumours of the Bladder, their Nature, Symptoms,
andSurgicalTreatment. With numerous Illustrations. lllpp. 8vo, 5s. [1884]
STUDENTS CHEAP EDITION. Lectures before the Royal College of Surgeons on some
Important Points connected with the Surgery of the TJrinary
Organs. With numerous Engravings. 156 pp. 8vo, Is. 6<i. [1884] |
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THOMPSON (HENET), M.D., F.B.C.P., Consulting Physician to the Middlesex Hospital.
Clinical Lectures and Cases. With Commentaries. 197 pp.
8vo, 7«. 6<2. [1880]
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THOBOWGOOD (JOHN 0.5, M.D., P.B.C.P., Physician to the City of london Hospital;
Lecturer on Materia Medica at the Middlesex Hospital. The Student's Guide to Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics in aecordance with the British Fharmacopceia. Second
Edition. With Engravings. 344 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 7». [1882] Notes on Asthma : its Nature, Forms, and Treatment. Third
Edition. 176 pp. Crown 8vo, is. 6d. [1878] |
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THUDICHUM (JOHN L. W.), M.D., P.B.C.P., late Lecturcr on Pathological Chemistry to
St. Thomas's Hospital. A Treatise on the Pathology of the Urine, ineluding a
Complete Guide to its Analysis. Second Edition. With Engravings. 570 pp.
15s. [1877] A Treatise on Gall Stones: their Chemistry, Pathology, and
Treatment. With Coloured Plates. 323 pp. 8vo, lOs. [1863]
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TIBBITS (HEBBEBT), M.D., P.B.C.P.E., Senior Physician to the West End Hospital for
Diseases of the Nervous System, Paralysis and Epilepsy. A Handbook of Medical and Surgical Electricity.
Third Edition. With Engravings. pp. 8vo. [Preparing]
How to TJse a Galvanic Battery in Medieine and Sur-
gery. Third Edition, revised, and incorporating the Author's three Lectures on Electro-Therapeutics. With Engravings. 96 pp. 8vo, 4s. [1886] A Map of Ziemssen's Motor Points of the Human Body.
A Guide to Localised Electrisation. Mounted on Rollers, 35in. x 21in. With
20 Illustrations. 5». [1877] Massage and Allied Modes of Treatment. An Abstract
of Lectures delivered to Trained Nurses. and Masseuses. Second Edition. With
46 Engravings. 142 pp. 8vo, is. M. [1888] Electrical and Anatomical Demonstrations: A Handbook
for Trained Nurses and Masseuses. With 44 Engravings. 94 pp. Crown 8vo,
5*. [1887]
The Anatomical Plates illustrating the above, printed separately and mounted, 8vo, Is. 6d.
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TILVST (C. MEYMOTT), M.B., Professor of Chemistry and of Medieal Jurisprudence, &c., at the
London Hospital; and W. BATHUBST WOODMAN, M.D., F.B.C.P. A Handy-Book of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.
With 8 Lithographic Plates and 116Wood Engravings. 1205 pp. 8vo, 31s. 6d.
_________________ [1877] TILT IBDWAED J.), M.D., Consulting Physician-Aceoucheur to the Farringdon General Dispensarj-
On Uterine and Ovarian InfLammation, and on the
Physiology and Diseases of Menstruation. Third Edition. 470 pp.
8vo, 12s. [1862] A Handbook of TJterine Therapeuties and of Diseases
of Women. Fourth Edition. 472 pp. Post 8vo, lOs. [1878]
The Change of Life in Health and Disease; a Clinical
Treatise on the Diseases of the Ganghonie Nervous System incidental to
Women at the Decline of Life. Fourth Edition. 296 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1882] Health in India for British Women, and on the Pre-
vention of Disease in Tropical Clirnates. Fourth Edition. 134 pp. Crown 8vo, ös. _________________ [1875] TIBABD (NESTOB J. C), M.D., E.B.C.B., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeuties in
King's College, London. The Prescriber's Pharmacopceia. Containing all the Medi-
cines in the British Pharmaeopceia, arranged in Classes aecording to their Aetion,
with their Composition and Doses. Sixth Edition. 168 pp. 32mo, bound in leather, 3s. _________________ [1886] TODD (BOBEBT B.), M.D., E.B.S., formerly Physician to King's College Hospital.
Clinical Lectures on the Practice of Medicine. In One
Volume. Edited hy Dr. Beale. 912 pp. 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1861]
On Certain Diseases of the Urinary Organs, and on
Dropsies. 435 pp. Foap. 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1857]
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TOMES (CHABLES S.), M.A., F.B.S., late Leeturer on Anatomy and Phjsiology at the Dental
Hospital of London. A Manual of Dental Anatomy, Human and Compara-
tive. Third Edition. With nearly 200 Engravings. pp. Crown 8vo,
[ƒ» the Press\
TOMES (SIB JOHN), M.B.C.S., E.B.S., late Bental Surfjeon to the Middlesex and Dental Hospitals;
and CHABLES S. TOMES, M.A., M.B.C.S., P.B.S., late Leeturer on Dental Anatomy and Physiology to the Dental Hospital of London. A System of Dental Surgery. Third Edition. With
292 Engravings. 772 pp. Crown 8vo, 15s. [1887]
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TTJKE (DANIËL H.), M.D., LL.D., P.B.C.B., Co-Editor of "The Journal of Mental Science."
Illustrations of the Influence of the Mind upon the
Body in Health and Disease; designed to Elucidate the Aetion of the
Imagination. Second Edition. With Diagrams. 2 vols. 661 pp. Post 8vo, 15s. [1884] Sleep Walking and Hypnotism. 120 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1884]
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TTJBNBTJLL (JAMES M.), M.D., E.B.C.P., Physician to the Liverpool Royal Infirmary.
An Inquiry into the Curability of Consumption; its [
Prevention, and the Progress of Improvement in the Treatment. Third
Edition. 195 pp. 8vo, 6s. [1859] |
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TUSOH" (EICHAKD "V.)( F.I.C., Professor of Chemistry, Materia Mediea, and Toxicology, at the
Hoyal Veterinary College. A Pharmacopoeia : including the Outlines of Materia Mediea
and Therapeutics, for the Use of Practitioners and Students of Veterinary Medioine. Fourth Edition. 358 pp. Post 8vo, 7*. 6d. [1886] |
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UNDEBWOOD (DB.)
Treatise on. the Diseases of Children. Tenth Edition,
with Additions and Corrections by Henry Davtes, M.D. 595 pp. 8vo, 15s.
[1848]
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VACHEB (ABTHTJB).
A Primer of Chemistry, including Analysis. 108 pp.
18mo, Is. [1877]
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VALENTIET ("WILLIAM O-.), P.C.S., late Principal Demonstrator of Praotical Chemistry in the
Science Training Schools. A Course of Qualitative Chemical Analysis. Seventh
Edition, by Dr. W. B. Hodqkinson, E.R.S.E., Professor of Chemistry and
Physies in the Royal Artillery College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Assisted by H. Chapman-Jones, F.C.S., Demonstrator in the Royal School of Mines, and E. E. Matthews, Ph.D., of Cooper's Hill College. With Engravings and Map of Spectra. 304 pp. 8vo, 8a. U. [1888] Tables for the Qualitative Analysis of Simple and
Compound Substanoes. Revised by Dr. W. R. Hodgkinson, F.R.S.E.,
Assisted by H. Chapman-Jonbs, F.C.S., and E. E. Maithews, Ph.D. With Map of Spectra. 45 pp. 8vo, 2s. U. [1888] Chemical Tables for the Lecture-Room and Labora-
tory. In Five large Sheets, 5s. Gd. [1877]
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VIITTBAS (A.), M.D., Physician to the French Embassy and to the French Hospital in London.
Medical Guide to the Mineral Waters of France and
its "Wintering Stations. 334 pp. With a Special Map. Crown 8vo, 8».
[1883]
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VTBCHOW (PBOEESSOB BLTDOLPH), Berlin Charité Hospitnl.
Post-Mortem Examinations : a Description and Explanation
of the Method of Performing them, with especial reference to Medico-legal
Practice. Translated from the Second German Edition by Dr. T. B. Smith. With 4 Plates. 124 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1880] |
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WAGlfEB (BtTDOLF), Ph.D., Professor of Chemical Technology at the TJniversity of Wurtzburg.
Handbook of Chemical Technology. Eighth Edition.
Translated and Edited by Wm. Cbookes, E.R.S. With 336 Engravings. 761 pp.
8vo, 25s. [1872] |
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"WAGSTAFEE (WM. WAEWICK), E.B.C.S., late Assistant-Surgeon io, and Lecturer on
Anatomy at, St. Thomas's Hospital. The Student's Guide to Human Osteology. With 23
Plates and 66 Engravings. 360 pp. Fcap. 8vo, lOs. öd. [1875]
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"WAHLTTJCH (ADOLPHE), M.D., Honorary Physician to the Hulme Dispenaary, Manchester.
A Dictionary of Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
482 pp. 8vo, lOs. U._______________ [1868]-
WALKEE (A. DUNBAB), M.D.
Egypt as a Health Resort: with Medical and other Hints
for Travellers in Syria. 139 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1873]
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WALKER (GEORGE E.), IVR.C.S., Surgeon to St. Paui's Eye and Ear Hospital, &c., Liverpool.
Essays in Ophthalmology : Glaueoma—Exophthalmos—
Gonorrhoeal Ophthalmia—Neuro-retinal Atrophy—Sympathetic Ophthalmia.
239 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. _______________ [1879] "WALLER (CHARLES), M.D., formerly Obstetric Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital.
Elements of Practical Midwifery; or, Companion to tne
Lying-in Room. Fourth Edition. With Hates. 193 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 4s. 6(2,
_______________ [1858] WALSHAM (WILLIAM J.), E.R.C.S., Assistant Surgeon to, and Demonatrator of Practical
Surgery at, St. Bartholomew'a Hospital. Surgery: its Theory and Practice. (Student's Guide
Series). With 236 Engrarings. 744 pp. Fcap. 8vo, lOs. èd. [1887]
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WALSHE (WALTER HAYLE), MD.
The Colloquial Faculty for Languages, Cerebral
Localization, and the Nature of Genius. Second Edition. 231 pp.
Crown 8vo, 5s._______________ [1886] WABD (STEPHEN H.), M.D., F.R.C.P., late Physician to the City of London Hospital for
Diseases of the Chest. On some Affections of the Liver and Intestinal Canal;
■with Remarks on Ague and its Sequete—Scurvy, Purpura, &c. 260 pp. 8vo, Is.
_______________ [1872] WARING (EDWARD J.), C.I.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., Surgeon-Major Ketired H.M. Indian Anny.
A Manual of Practical Therapeutics. Fourth Edition.
Revisedby the Author and Dudley W. Buxton, M.D., B.S. Lond., M.R.C.P.
638 pp. Crown 8vo, 14s. [1886] Bemarks on the XJses of some of the Bazaar Medicines
and Common Medical Plants of India, with a tuil Index of Diseases,
indicating their Treatment by these and other agents procurable throughout India, to which are added Directions for Treatment in Cases of Drowning, Snake Bites, &c. Fourth Edition. 264 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 5s. [1883] The Hospital Prayer-Book : containing Prayers for daily and
occasional use; also a Short Form of Public Service for Lay Readers in Hospitals. Second Edition. 111 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. [1888] *** The Short Form of Public Service, separately, in packets of 12, Is. 6d.
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WARLOMONT (E.). M.D., Founder of the State Vaccine Institute of Belgium.
A Manual of Animal Vaccination, preceded by Con-
siderations on Vaccination in General. Translated and Édited by
Aethur J. Harbies, M.D., Consulting Physician to the Association for the Supply of Pure Vaccine Lymph. With Engravings. 168 pp. Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. _____________ [1885] WARNEB (PBANCIS), M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician to the London Hospital.
The Student's Guide to Clinical Medicine and Case-
Taking. Second Edition. 211 pp. Fcap, 8vo, 5s. [1885]
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WAEEEN (JOSEPH H), M.D., Memberof the American Medieal Association and of the British
Medieal Association. A Practical Treatise on Hernia. Second Edition. With
Plates and 82 Engravings. 428 pp. Eoyal 8vo, 21s. [1884]
A Plea for the Cure of Rupture; or, the Pathology of the
Subcutaneous Operation by Injection for tbe Cure of Hernia. With Diagrams.
120 pp. 8vo, 5s. Gd.; sewed, 4s. Gd. [1884] WATEBS (A. T. HOTTOKHTON), M.D., E.B.C.P., Physician to the Lirerpool Eoyal Inflrmary.
Diseases of the Chest: Contributions to their Clinical
History, Pathology, and Treatment. Second Edition. With Plates. 431 pp. 8vo, 15*. [1873] The Anatomy of the Human Lung. The Prize Essay to
whicb the Fothergillian Gold Medal was awarded by the Medieal Society of
London. 233 pp. Post 8vo, 6*. Gd. [1860] Researches on the Nature, Pathology, and Treatment
of Emphysema of the Lungs, and its Eelations with other Diseases
of the Chest. With Engravings. 114 pp. 8vo, 5s. [1862] Contributions to Clinical and Practical Medicine. With
Engravings. 195 pp. 8vo, 7*. , [1887]
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WATEBS (JOHN H.), M.D., K.C., St.G. O., Senior Honorary Surgeon to Westminster Dispen-
sary; Surgeon to the C Division of Metropolitan Police. Fits: Diagnosis and Immediate Treatment of' Cases of Insensi-
bility and Convulsions. 138 pp. Crown 8vo, bcund in Leather, 4s. [1879] |
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WATTS (HENBY), B.A., E.B.S.
Vol. I.—Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. With 150
Engravings and Coloured Plate of Spectra. (Tbirteenth edition
of Fownes' Manual.) 600 pp. Crown 8vo, 9*. [1883] Vol. II.—Chemistry of Carbon Compounds; or, Organic
Chemistry. Second Edition. (Thirteenth edition of Fownes'
Manual.) By William A. Tilden, D.Sc., E.B.S., V.P.C.S., Pro- fessor of Chemistry in the Mason College, Birmingham. With Engravings, 662 pp. Crown 8vo, 10*. [1886] |
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WEAVEB (JAMES), M.D., L.B.C.P.
A Practical Treatise on the Cure of Pulmonary Con-
sumption, with Medicinal, Dietetic, and Hygienic Bemedies.
103 pp. Crown 8vo, is. [1887] |
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WEBB (ALLAN), M.D., formerly Surgeon Superintendent to the Native Hospital, Caleutta.
The Surgeon's Ready Bules for Operations in Surgery.
Eoyal 8vo, 10*. Gd. _______________ [1861]
WELLS (SIB T. SPENCEB), BABT., P.B.C.S., Consulting Surgeon to the Samaritan Hospital
for Women and Children. Ovarian and ITterine Tumours: their Diagnosis and
Treatment. With 68 Engravings. 530 pp. 8vo, 21«. [1882]
Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal
Tumours. With Engravings. 216 pp. 8vo, 3s. Gd. [1885]
Scale of Medicines for Merchant Vessels; with Observa-
tions on the Means of Preserving the Health of Seamen, &c. &c. Seventh
Thousand. 212 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 3s. 6d. . [1861] |
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"WEST (CHARLES), M.D., F.R.C.P., late Physician-Accoucheur to St. Bartholomew's and
Middlesex Hospitals. Lectures on the Diseases of Women. Fourth Edition.
Revised and in part re-written by the Anthor, with mimerous additions by
J. Matthews Duncan, M.D., F.K.C.P., F.R.S., Obstetric Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 676 pp. 8vo, I6s. [1879] |
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WEST RIDIBTG LTJNATIC ASYLÜM.
Medical Reports. Edited by J. Crichton Browne, M.D. Vol. I.
8vo, 7*. «<£ [1871] |
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WEST (SAMTJEL), M.D., F.R.C.P., Assistant Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Physician
to the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest. How to Examine the Chest. A Practical Guide for the
Use of Studenta. With 42 Engravings. 200 pp. Foap. 8vo, 5s. [1883]
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WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL.
Reports by the Medical and Surgical StafF. Vol. IV.
With Plates and Engravings. 276 pp. 8vo, 6». [1888]
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WHISTLER ("W. MACNEILL), M.D., Physician to the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat and
Chest. Liectures on Syphilis of the Larynx (Lesions of the
Seoondary and Intermediate Stages). 88 pp. Post 8vo, 4s. [1879]
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WHITEHEAD (JAMES), M.D., PhyBician to the Clinical Hospital, Manchester.
On the Transmission from Parent to Offspring; of sorae
Porms of Disease and of Morbid Taints and Tendencies. Seeond
Edition. 432 pp. 8vo, 10a. 6d. [1857] |
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WHITEHEAD (J. L.), M.D.
The Climate of the Undercliflf, Isle of Wight, as
deduoed from Forty Years' consecutive Meteorological Observa-
tions. 46 pp. Royal 8vo, 5s. [1881] |
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WHITTAKER (J. TRAVIS), M.D., Clinical Demonstrator, Eoyal Inflrmary, Glasgow; Physician
to Anderson's College Dispensary. Student's Primer on the "Urine. With Illustrations, and
16 Plates etehed on Copper. 75 pp. Post 8vo, is. 6d. [1880]
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WILKS (SAMTJEL), M.D., F.R.S., Physician to, late Lecturer on Medicine at, Gay's Hospital.
Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System. Delivered
at Guy's Hospital. Seeond Edition. 602 pp. 8vo, 18*. [1883]
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62 J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PÜBLICATIONS.
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WILLIAMS (WILLIAM), P.B.C.V.S., SVB.S.E., Principal and Professor of Veterinary Medicine
and Surgery at the New Veterinary College, Edinburgh. The Principles and Practice of Veterinary Medicine.
Fifth Edition, with several Coloured Plates and Woodcuts. 838 pp. 8vo, 30s.
[1888]
The Principles and Practice of Veterinary Surgery.
Eifth Edition. With Plates and 139 Woodcuts. 744 pp. 8vo, 30s. [1884]
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WILLIAMS (W. BOGEB), P.B.C.S., Surgical Begistrar to the Middlesex Hospital, ka.
The Influence of Sex in Disease. 39 pp. Svo, 3s. 6d. [1885]
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WILSOIT (AUDBE'W], Lecturer on Natural History, Edinburgh.
The Student's Guide to Zoology: a Manual of the Prin-
ciples of Zoological Science. With Engravings. 327 pp. Pcap. 8vo, 6s. Gd. [1874]
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WILSOW, BTTCHABTAN, AND CLABK.
"Wilson's Anatomist's Vade-Mecum: a System of Human
Anatomy. Tenth Edition, by Gbobge Buchanan, Professor of Clinical
Surgery in the University of Glasgow, and Henry E. Clark, M.R.C.S., Lecturer on Anatomy in the Glasgow Royal lnfirmary School of Medicine. With 450 Engravings (including 26 Coloured Plates). 800 pp. Crown 8vo, 18s. [1880]
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WILSOIT (SIB EBASMTJS), KNT., P.B.C.S., P.B.S., late Professor of Ilermatology to the
Èoyal College of Surgeons. Healthy Skin : a Popular Treatise on the Skin and Hair, their
Preservation and Management. Eighth Edition. With 52 Engravings. 330 pp. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. Gd. . [1876] Portraits of Diseases of the Skin. Polio, half-morocco,
£13.
Lectures on Ekzema and Ekzematous AfFeetions;
■with an Introduction on the General Pathology of the Skin, and an Appendix of
Essays and Cases. 386 pp. 8vo, lOs. Gd. [1870] Lectures on Dermatology delivered at the Royal
College of Surgeons. 1870, 146 pp. 8vo, 6s.; 1871-2-3, 295 pp. 8vo,
lOs. Gd.; 1874-5, 224 pp. 8vo, lOs. Gd.; 1876-8, 289.pp. 8vo, lOs. Gd. A Three Weeks' Scamper through the Spas of
Germany and Belgium; with an Appendix on the Nature and Uses of
Mineral Waters. 368 pp. Post 8vo, 6s. Gd. [1858] The Eastern or Turkish Bath: its History, Eevival in
Britain, and Application to the Purposes of Health. 167 pp. Écap. 8vo, Is.
[1861]
On Ringworm : its Causes, Pathology, and Treatment. 102 pp.
8vo, os. [1847]
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WILSON (GEOEGE), M.A., M.D., V.B.S.E., MedicalOfflcer of Health for Mid-Warwickshire.
A Handbook of Hygiëne and Sanitary Science.
Sixth Edition. With Engravings. 520 pp. Crown Svo, 10a. Gd. [1886]
Healthy Life and Healthy Dwellings. A Guide to Per-
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WILSON (WILLIAM S.), L.B.C.P.
The Ocean as a Health Resort. A Practical Hand-book of
the Sea, for the Use of Tourists aid Health-seekers. With a Chart, showing
the Ocean Routes, and Illustrating the Physical Geography of the Sea. Second Edition. 351 pp. Crown 8vo, Is. dd. [1881J WINSLOW (FOBBES), M.D.
Obscure Diseases of the Bram and Mind. Fourth
Edition. 616 pp. Post 8vo, lOs. 6d. [1868J
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WISE (A. TTJCKEE), M.D., late Visiting Physician to the Margaret Street Inflrmary for Consnmption.
Alpine Winter in its Medical Aspects ; with ISTotes on Davos
Platz, Wiesen, St. Moritz, and the Maloja. Fourth Edition. With Plates
160 pp. 8vo, 2». 6d. [l888j Davos Platz, and the Effects of High Altitude on
Phthisis. 74 pp. Fcap. 8vo, Is. %d. [1881}
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WISE (THOMAS A.), M.D., late Bengal Medical Service.
Review of the History of Medicine among Asiatic
Nations. 2 Vols. 971 pp. 8vo, 16s. [1867]
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WITTSTEIN (G. C).
Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry: an Explanation of
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Processes, with the Methods of Testing the
Purity of the Preparations, deduced from Original Experiments. Translated from the Second German Edition, by Stephen Dakbt. 624 pp. 18mo, 6s. _______________ [1853J
WOLFE (JOHN H.), M.D., Loeturer on Ophthalmio Medicine and Surgery in Anderaon's College,
Glasgow. On Diseases and Injuries of the Eye : a Course of Syste-
matic and Clinical Lectures to Students and Medical Practitioners. With 10
Coloured Plates and 157 Wood Engravings. 452 8vo, 21s. [1882] An Improved Method of Extraction of Cataract. With
Eesults of 107 Operations. 71 pp. 8vo, Is. Gd. [1868]
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WOLFF (ABRAHAM), F.R.C.S., late Surgeon to the Jows" Deaf and Damb Home, and to the
Hospital for Spanish Jews. Zynlotic Diseases: their Correlation and Causation. 177 pp.
Post 8vo, 5s. _______________ [1872]
WEIGHT (HENEY) G.,'M.D., formerly Physician to the Samaritan Hospital.
Uterine Disorders : their Constitutional Influence and Treat-
ment. 268 pp. 8vo, os. [1867] Headaches: their Causes and their Cure. Ninth Thousand.
117 pp. Ecap. 8vo, Is. ____________ [1879] TEO (GEEALD F.), M.D., Ï.B.C.S., Professor of Physiology in King's College.
A Manual of Physiology for the Use of Junior Students
of Medicine. Second Edition. With 318 Engravings (many figures). 668 pp.
Crown 8vo, 14s. [1887] TEO (J. BTTBNEY), M.D., F.B.C.P., Physician to King's Collego Hospital.
The Contagiousness of Pulmonary Consumption and
its Antiseptic Treatment. Two Lectures deiivered in King's College
Hospital in 1882, with Appendices and Notes. 124 pp. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. [1882]
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PERLODICALS.
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THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL,
and Transactions of the Pharmaceutical Society. Published Weekly, on
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General Index to the volumes for 1864 to 1885 inclusive. Price 3s. 6rf.
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London : 11. Krw Burlington Street, W.
7é
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