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THE
History of the Shire Horse
AND THE ORIGIN OF
THE ENGLISH CART-HORSE SOCIETY. |
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o b\ 5?c^t • /buy
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THE
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History of the Shire Horse
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AND THE ORIGIN OF
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THE ENGLISH CART-HORSE SOCIETY.
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TOGETHER WITH
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An Essay on the Breeding, Rearing, Feeding,
AND
Management of Farm Horses,
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By FREDERIC STREET,
SOMERSHAM PARK, St. IvES, HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
Honorary Life Member, &c. |
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Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co
LONDON, PARIS <b NEW YORK.
1883. |
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PREFACE.
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It is at the earnest and repeated request of a large number of
foreigners I have been induced to write the History of the Shire Horse, and the origin of the English Cart-Horse Society. In my intercourse with breeders, I have found many of my
fellow-farmers quite oblivious to the advantages of a Stud Book ; and, therefore, in sending out these pages, it is in hope they may be beneficial in enabling them to read in a con- venient form the work done by the Society since its inauguration five years ago. It also seemed necessary to place a few facts before our
American and Australian cousins, as to the characteristics of the Shire Horse and the operations of the Society and its Stud Book. This was all the more needful, as I have read numerous letters in foreign journals asking questions on these very points, and I thought it would be doing the Shire Horse and the Society some service in chronicling the history of both. The material at hand was very meagre. Free use, however,
has been made of papers written by me in 1878, 1879, and 1880; as also from the minute-book kept by me when I was Hon. Secretary of the Society, and with these an effort has been made to weave a continuous narrative throughout. There is a short history of the Shire Horse, a brief account of the origin of the Society and its adjunct, the Stud Book, and |
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PREFACE. .
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VI
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also an allusion to the three shows held in London, along
with a list of the prizes and honours awarded. The plan adopted has been to divide the pamphlet into
sections, each complete in itself, and yet intimately connected with all. In following this outline our aim has been to make the English Shire Horse more widely known, and the objects of the Society with which it is associated better under- stood ; and to avoid anything that might be construed as depreciating existing or rival breeds of Cart Horses. Two illustrations—the Old English Black Horse and the
Clydesdale—have been copied by permission of the Publishers, Messrs. Longman and Co., from Professor David Low's work on "The Domestic Animals of Great Britain," which indicate the type of both breeds forty years ago. The other two engravings appeared in the Third Volume of the Stud Book, and are inserted here as showing the power and bone of the Shire Horse sixty and ninety years ago. I have much pleasure in acknowledging the hearty co-
operation accorded me by Mr. Walter Gilbey, President- Elect of the Society, in providing the illustrations, and other- wise encouraging me in the work ; and I also cordially recognise the valuable assistance Mr. William Owler, of the Live Stock Journal, has rendered me in revising and preparing these pages for press.
F. S.
SOMERSHAM PARK, ST. IVES, HUNTS,
February 26, 1883. |
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CONTENTS.
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The History of the Shire Horse......
An Essay on the Breeding, Rearing, and Management of
Horses ................ The Origin of the English Cart Horse Society
The London Farmers' Club........
Steam and Horses ..........
Breeding Cart Horses .....
Origin of the Society ........
Provisional Committee ........
Name of the Society..........
Original Members ...........
Officials.................
The Stud Book.................
Summary of Contents of Four Volumes
London Cart Horse Shows........... Prizes and Honours ... ........
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
Clydesdale Stallion, from Picture dated 1841 Old English Black Horse, from Picture dated 1841 English Cart Horse, from Picture dated 1792 An English Cart Horse, from Picture dated 1826... |
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THE
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History of the Shire Horse.
—*»»—,
Cart Horses and Cart Horse breeding have received more
attention in England during the past decade than in all their previous history. This can only be accounted for by a desire to emulate the care bestowed on other branches of the live stock of the farm. The valuable results which have flowed from the labours of the promoters of the Herd Books and the Stud Book, combined with the attention given to the subject by the Jockey Club, have opened the eyes of stock-owners to the advantages of care in breeding and registration. The breeder of the thorough- bred horse found out the value of a reliable record long ago; and it is surprising that Shire Horse breeders were so slow in following their lead. The promoters of these societies early recognised the principle that " like produces like ;" and, therefore, put healthy sires to healthy dams. Unsound stallions and weedy mares—notwithstanding long pedigrees—only per- petuate in their progeny the hereditary taint. Hence the number of horses afflicted with side-bones, spavin, &c. THE OLD TYPE OF SHIRE HORSE.
And now the Shire Horse breeder has taken a leaf out of
the book of the admirers of the racehorse. Some years ago the old breed of English Cart Horse was very much neglected, B |
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2 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
although it had not always been so. This was largely owing
to public taste. Many people favoured a clean-legged horse. As the Royal Agricultural Society dropped the prizes for Dray Horses from their schedules, the demand for the Shire Horse decreased. Fortunately for the interests of Shire Horse breeders, public opinion, which is always captious, lost taste for its clean-legged favourite. It was soon discovered that the clean-legged Cart Horses failed to command a remunerative price for rearing; and then it was also apparent that the feet of these animals did not stand the tear and wear of the London stones. The public also observed that a horse with bone and hair, if active, was capable of doing better the heavy work on a farm and on the London streets than its clean-legged rival. This caused a great demand for the large-boned, big, black horse, well-known for over a century in many English districts as the Shire Horse. MARKET VALUE.
It is now generally admitted that no animal for breeding
will ever command much more than its ordinary market price, except the owner can trace and give a reliable pedigree of the animal he wishes to sell. And during the past five years this fact has been recognised by Cart Horse breeders. The demand for the Shire Horse has greatly increased, and high prices are paid for the stock sold, which is a great encourage- ment to breeders "to breed the best." And it is with the object of instructing many home breeders, and also enlightening our Australian and American cousins on the circumstances which have contributed to this result, that we propose to trace briefly the history of the Shire Horse, and the incidents connected with the formation of the English Cart Horse Society. ORIGIN OF SHIRE HORSE.
Tracing the origin of a particular breed is invariably attended
with more or less doubt and difficulty. The English Shire |
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SPOONER ON FARM HORSES.
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Horse is no exception to the rule. It is generally admitted that
all breeds of Cart Horses have been improved at some time or other by an intermixture of other blood. The only dis- tinct breeds now recognised are " THE SHIRE," OR THE OLD BREED OF ENGLISH CART HORSE ;
THE CLYDESDALE ; AND THE SUFFOLK ; the " Cleveland Bays " being well-nigh extinct. Shire Horses
were bred over a century ago in the counties of Derby, Notting- ham, Stafford, Leicester, Lincoln, Northampton, Cambridge, Oxford, Huntingdon, and Buckinghamshire. It is not the pur- pose, however, of the writer to reiterate here the details so kindly furnished by Mr. R. Reynolds for the first volume of the Stud Book. SPOONER ON FARM HORSES.
Still, it may be well to mention what Mr. W. C. Spooner
said on the subject of origin in his Prize Essay on Farm Animals. Mr. Spooner observes :— "The Cart Horse is not an aboriginal breed in this country,
but was imported from the neighbouring continent since the Norman Conquest. Indeed, we have reason to believe that the horses employed in the army of William the Conqueror were little better, as respects breeding, than the Cart Horses of the present day. As long as armour was in fashion, a large, massive animal was required to support the enormous weight of the steel-clad knight, and to withstand the ponderous attack of a similar opponent. The half-bred horse was then unknown, and the Spanish and other imported horses were insufficient in size, so that recourse was had to the large black horse, which had been known throughout the fertile plains of Europe from time immemorial, and from which no doubt the greater portion of our Cart Horses are descended, for we find that during the reign of the Edwards repeated importations of these animals took place. And in the time of the Duke of Newcastle, who wrote B 2 |
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4 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
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a work on horses in 1667, there was in this country an estab-
lished breed of Cart Horses. The most prevailing colour amongst these animals is black, so much so that we recognise a distinct breed under the appellation of the Old Black Horse." COLOUR.
Undoubtedly this was the origin of the Shire Horse. But
the breed is by no means confined now to animals of a black colour. Bays and browns are at present in fashion, while some prefer roans greys, or chestnuts. It is noticeable that at the Royal Show at Liverpool, in 1877, the first, second, and third prizes, and reserve number, in a class of twenty-six two-year-old colts were chest- nuts. Singularly enough, neither sire nor dam of either of the animals specified were of that colour. These large and massive animals are chiefly known as Shire Horses reared in the rich marshes or fens of the Midland and Eastern Counties, and are rapidly spreading into other districts where lighter horses have hitherto been bred. This breed is much prized for heavy dray work in our large cities and towns, and command high prices. OLD BREEDERS.
And it is now our pleasant duty to turn for a moment to the
breeders of " auld lang syne," who in their day and generation contributed much to preserve the grand qualities of the Shire Horse. The names of such well-known breeders as Taylor, Seward,
Brown, Coy, Saberton, Porter, Richardson, Bingham, Gleaves, May, Purrant, Flanders, Camps, Wiseman, Golden, Hemment, Adams, Rowell, Owen, Henry, Johnson, Ingle, Cork, Dack, and a host of others, are " household words." And it would hardly do to forget the family of Nix. His black horse, Dragon, took the first prize, a silver cup, value twenty guineas, at the Saffron Walden Show, in October, 1838. One of Mr. Nix's horses, Captain, commonly called the Old Mill Horse, travelled |
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NOTED STALLIONS. 5
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nearly thirty years in the same district. Mr. Nix says the
best horse he ever saw was Woods' Old Honest Tom. It would appear though that horses of that day served too many mares. Mr. W. Nix, his brother John, and Mr. Moseley promised Mr. Woods thirty mares at two guineas each (a great price years ago) ; and out of these they only got one foal, which was sold by Mr. John Nix, when rising two years old, for 175 guineas, to Mr. Gleaves, of Willingham, Cambs. NOTED STALLIONS.
Mr. Thomas Cleaver, of Toddington Mills, Bedfordshire, had
many good horses, one of the best being his grey Matchless. So also had that good judge, Mr. John Manning, of Orlingbury, Northamptonshire. Among them was Black Prince, the sire of Mr. Flintham's colt of the same name, which won first prize, as a two-year-old, at the Manchester Royal ; the latter, again, being the sire of Mr. George Daintree's Grand Prince, first prize colt of the same age at the Royal Bedford Show of 1874. Mr. Manning also owned Young Champion, bought of Mr. Stokes, Caldecott, Rutland (own brother to his horse, a year younger, of the same name, for which he refused 1,000 guineas); he was sold to Mr. Statter. Young Champion won over nearly £1,300 in prizes. Le Bon, by Wiseman's Wonder, bred by Mr. Sharpley, is of Lincolnshire fame. Derbyshire also furnished Beauchieff, belonging to Mr. Nix,
Outseats, Alfreton; Sultan, winner of first prize at Lincoln Royal Show; Prodigy, winner of first prize as a two-year- old, Exeter Royal; and Samson, also first at the Royal Agri- cultural Show meeting at Shrewsbury—all Derbyshire cele- brities. Mr. Nix, of Alfreton, not only had a grand horse in Beauchieff, but also owned a white horse called Devonshire, known in the county as a wonderful stock getter ; Lord of the Manor (winner of the cup at Lincoln in the year 1877) ; and Lord Byron, another great prize-winner. Mr. Wynn, of Ryon Hill, Warwickshire, had a grand horse in Nonpareil, and also |
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6 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
in A I. Mr. James Forshaw, of Blyth, Nottinghamshire, has
been the owner of many good horses of the right stamp, includ- ing " Temptation " and the celebrated " What's Wanted." Columbus, bred at Holbeach in Lincolnshire, a model of a
horse, travelled in Lancashire, and was the sire of Young Admiral, sold for £800, to go to America ; also of Paragon, sold to the Bishop Stortford Company for £600. Columbus was bought at the Worsley sale, in the spring of 1878, by Mr. James Howard, M.P., Clapham Park, Bedfordshire. Rutland Hero, bred in Rutland, was a good horse. In
Worcestershire, Mr. Davis, of Pershore, owned The General, of Taunton Royal and Bristol fame, and other good horses. In the Vale of Aylesbury, good horses have travelled the district ever since King George's time in 1854, and furnished Mr. Morrell with the winner at Oxford in 1878, as well as second at the Bristol Royal. A FAMOUS DISTRICT.
The successful breeding of Cart Horses depends much upon
the nature of land and proportion of grass. The land suited for rearing these animals is fen or marsh land, such as the low- lying meadows beside the chief rivers, in the counties of Cam- bridge, Lincoln, Derby, Norfolk, Huntingdon, Bedford, Leicester, Cheshire, Rutland, Nottingham, the Vale of Aylesbury, and some parts of Northampton, Warwick, and Salop. It was said some years ago that more good horses were bred
within a radius of twenty miles of the city of Ely* than in all the rest of the kingdom;, but in consequence of agricultural depression we regret to say the glory is departing. Within this radius were bred Wiseman's Honest Tom, sold
to Mr. Woods, of Cottenham, for 400 guineas, Taylor's England's Glory, Brown's England's Glory, Seward's Major, and Fison's England's Glory. The latter was sire of Marsters' England's Wonder, commonly called the Strawberry Roan, not only a good |
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* Where Hereward so long defied William the Conqueror.
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KING TOM. 7
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horse and prize-taker, but one that gets prize-winners too. He
was hired for two years by the Welshpool Society for £300 for the season, after which the Warrington Society secured his services for one season for ^"400. He, again, is the sire of British Wonder (first at the Bath and West of England Show held at Bath in 1877, second at the Royal Liverpool, 1877, and first at both the spring and summer shows of the Cam- bridgeshire Agricultural Society in 1878; as well as sire of Marvellous, sold at the same age to Captain Machell for ^500. Two fillies by him also changed hands when two years old for £425. WELCHER'S HONEST TOM.
Welcher's celebrated Honest Tom, by Tebbutt's Thumper,
was bred at Upwell. He took the first prize for six years running at the Royal from 1867 to 1872 inclusive, and was then sold to the Fylde Cart Stud Company for £S°°- His service fee was 10 guineas a mare. He was the sire of Linton's King Tom, sold to Mr. Statter when two years old for ^500, after taking second prize at the Hull Royal; also Briggs' Heart of Oak, first at the Bedford Royal, and Murfitt's Major, first prize winner of £40 and Champion Cup at Cambridge, 1877, and first prize at Norwich in 1878. KING TOM.
Bultitaft's King Tom, winner of many prizes in the Cam-
bridge and Hertford districts, is also another son. King Tom was the sire of the first prize foal at Cambridge in 1876, and there sold for £90, afterwards sold at the Worsley sale, when rising two years old, for 290 guineas ; also of the first prize foal in 1877 : also of Ivatt's foal in 1878, first at the Hunting- donshire Show, second at Cambridge, and beaten only by Edwards' foal by Cockle's Honest Tom. Robert kEkins' Honest Tom the Second, by Honest Tom, was also a prize winner, and took reserve number at the Bedford Royal; also Waltham's Honest Tom. |
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8 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
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VALUABLE MARES AND FILLIES.
Princess, first-prize two-year-old filly, winner at the Wolver-
hampton Royal, was sold for ^"200 ; she, too, was by Welcher's horse, as was also Honest Lass, bred by Mr. Curtis, Chatteris, sold when a yearling to Mr. Purser, Willington, Bedfordshire. After taking the first prize at the Cardiff Royal as a two-year- old, and many other prizes, he was sold for ^'250 to the Worsley Hall Stud. Other animals, too numerous to mention, are now doing good service as sires and dams at home and abroad. Indeed in no parish, perhaps, were better mares to be
found than in Chatteris. Here Samson was bred, bought by the author for ^500, and after taking the special prize of £60 at the Birmingham Royal, in 1876, was sold for £7$o to the Earl of Ellesmere the following spring. He was first at the Manchester Pomona Show, 1877, also first prize and special cup at the Bath and West, held at Bath in 1877, and first at Liverpool Royal in 1877, as well as winning for his lord- ship the champion cup of 100 guineas as the best horse in the yard. He was the sire of Samson the Second, first prize as a two-year-old at the Liverpool Royal in a class of twenty-six, also the first prize foal at the same meeting. Two mares were sold by Mr. Richardson for £600, of the same blood. Dainty, too, the great prize-winner, was bred by Mr. Beard, of Chatteris ; as was Pride of the Shires by Mr. Lyon, and also Empress, bred by Mr. Warth (by Samson), third prize two-year-old filly at the Bristol Royal. OLD HEART OF OAK.
A short distance from Chatteris was bred Old Heart of
Oak, sire of Mr. Martin's Hercules, Mr. Little's Marquis, Mr. Ruston's Duke of Cambridge, and Mr. Skeel's Lord Beacons- field. The Ely prize foal, bred by Mr. Skelton, of Manea, and sold when taken from its mother's side for £t$Q, is also by Heart of Oak; and also another of the same age, bred at Sutton in the |
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Wilson's England's glory.
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Isle, and sold into Lancashire for ^ioo. Old Heart of Oak is
said to measure thirteen inches below the knee. He, too, was added to the Worsley Hall stud. hopper's prince of the isle.
Just out of Whittlesey was bred Richard Hopper's Prince of
the Isle, one of the best two-year-olds ever seen. When exhibited at that age at Cambridge, he not only took first prize in his class, but also the Treasurer's Cup, value twenty guineas, for the best horse in the yard. His owner refused for him the ^600 offered by the writer, although some time afterwards he was sold for ^"800, and unfortunately died shortly after he changed hands. He was the sire of Young Prince of the Isle, bred by Mr. J. Fryer, of Chatteris, first prize as a two-year-old at the Cambridge Spring Show, in 1878, where he was purchased by Captain Heaton, and afterwards won first at the Bath and West of England Show at Oxford. Wilson's England's glory.
Mr. Sam Wilson, of Ring's End, has long owned a celebrated
breed of horses. His England's Glory, a horse never shown, was generally considered one of the finest specimens of the breed, hav- ing immense bone and feather, and good action. He was sire of Royal George, sold as a three-year-old in 1878 for £500, after taking first prize at Peterboro'. Another horse at the same show, bred by Mr. Wilson, took first in his class and cham- pion prize as best in the yard. We could also tell something of horses bred at Cottenham, Willingham, Westwick Hall, Water- beach, Landbeach on the Cambridge side, and of other places where horses have been bred—the Stockwells of their day—but this must suffice. Cattle and sheep are well in their way, but to a Fenman nothing on the farm is of so much interest as his horses. They are his special pride. Young fellows of twenty will tell you the best, and pick out the worst, points in a horse or mare, |
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10 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
while they have the pedigrees of their own bred horses at the
fingers' ends. CART HORSE BREEDING IN NORFOLK.
In no county in the kingdom is greater interest being taken
in Cart Horse breeding and rearing at the present time than in the county of Norfolk. Mr. Beart, the owner of the grand prize- taking mare, Lioness, also the breeder of British Wonder, sold in 1878 his yearling entire colt, by Wiseman's Wonder, first at Liverpool, for £500. Charles Marsters not only owned the Strawberry Roan before mentioned, but had a good horse in his Young Topsman. THE WORSLEY HALL STUD.
Thanks to such noblemen as Lords Ellesmere, Spencer,
and Powis, the Duke of Westminster, and others, greater interest is now taken in Cart Horses. The Worsley Hall Stud, the property of the Earl of Ellesmere, was started under the management of Captain Heaton about the year 1874. From that time the stud has gradually increased. A draft sale from the stud took place in February, 1878, when—considering that many of the animals were foals—a good result was obtained, forty-three animals realising £6,230. His Lordship generally has a sale every alternate year. At the recent sale on the 9th February, 1883, it was announced by the auctioneer (Mr. G. M. Sexton) that seven young Cart Stallions had been sold to the German Emperor for £2,000. The brood mares at this sale— (22)—fetched £1,524. Eleven fillies realised £762. A two- year-old, Emily K, sire Admiral, fetched the highest price of the day—125 guineas. Eight colts were sold, fetching 492 guineas. The animals are usually kept in a natural breeding state ; the mares and foals and other young stock are put out to grass, and the stallions kept in open sheds with large straw-yards for exercise. It is quite unnecessary to tell of the thousand-and-one
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THE BROOD MARE.
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good men, owners of good mares and geldings, north, south,
east, and west, who have in the past and at the present dis- tinguished themselves in breeding good foals. All honour to those who have contributed to the great work of improving a hitherto much-neglected branch of British agriculture. POINTS OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
Whole pages might be taken up with the points which shire
horses should possess. The writer wishes, however, to define them as briefly as possible. The feet should be firm, deep, and wide at heel; the pasterns not too long and straight; flat bone ; short between fetlock and knee. A stallion should not measure less than eleven inches below knee, and girth from seven feet nine inches to eight feet three inches; should not stand more than seventeen hands ; should have wide chest; head big and masculine, without coarseness ; eyes prominent and kindly; the head and eyes together should denote intelli- gence and good temper ; shoulders well thrown back; full flow- ing mane ; short back; well-arched ribs ; deep middle; large muscular development of the loin ; long quarters, with tail well let down ; good big second thighs ; large, flat, clean hocks ; plenty of long, silky hair on legs ; or, to sum up in a few words, a stallion should in form be long, low, and wide, and in constitution thoroughly free from all hereditary disease. A main point is action; he should, above all, be a good mover in the Cart-Horse pace—walking—and, if required to trot, should have action like a Norfolk Cob or a Percheron. THE BROOD MARE.
In the selection of mares for breeding secure those with good
pedigree. A brood mare should, above all things, be free from hereditary diseases; should be roomy, not too short, and com- pact ; deep chested; short legged; broad in the loin ; wide in the hips and haunches ; thighs well let down ; a good-tempered |
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12 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
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countenance, with animation ; big knees and sinewy legs ; hocks
broad, wide, and clean, with plenty of muscle. Never breed from a mare with a bad constitution, or a bad-tempered one. PRICES OF SHIRE HORSES.
When steam was introduced in agricultural pursuits for
thrashing, chaff-cutting, ploughing, and other cultivation of the land, it was predicted that the high prices of horses had gone never to return. The oldest member of the Society never knew good ones so dear, or heard of such prices as the best stallions and brood mares make at the present day. This, to a very great extent, is attributable to the influence of the Royal and County Shows. In no country can such grand exhibitions of equine stock be witnessed in greater perfection than in England. Shire horses sold in recent years have made very satisfactory
figures. Honest Tom fetched £soo; Prince of the Isle, £800 ; Young Samson, £750 ; Paragon, £600. At the London Show in 1881, Mr. Walter Gilbey purchased, at Mr. Sexton's auction sale on the last day of the show, Mr. W. R. Rowland's Spark for 800 guineas. In the three-year-old class at that show Spark won the first, and also took the champion prize of 50 guineas as the best stallion in the ring. The judges, in their report on that occasion, observed that Spark " is the best horse that had been exhibited for many years, and is just the sort all breeders of Cart Horses ought to aim at." As two-year-olds, King Tom and Marvellous made £500 each, and British Wonder .£550; while as yearlings, a colt belonging to^Mr. Beart made 500 guineas, and Peeping Tom 370 guineas. Many others have fetched long prices for exportation. The Admiral, lately the property of Lord Ellesmere, fetched 1,800 guineas to go to Australia. A well-known dealer informed the writer that he would give .£100 each for first-class geldings. These, when commissions and all other expenses had been paid, would have cost the purchaser £120 each, but although sought for, they could not be found. |
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CONVEYANCE OF HORSES BY RAIL. 13
PRIZES AND PREMIUMS.
Many societies have sprung up for hiring stallions for the
season. The Welshpool Society hires a horse at from £200 to ^■300, which is half paid at the commencement of the season, and the remaining half in July. In 1877 this association hired what the Mark Lane Express then called the Stockwell of Cart Horses, better known as the Strawberry Roan. Two colts and two fillies by this sire were sold as two-year-olds for £1,47$. The Crewe breeders also started a good association under the presidency of Lord Combermere. This society offers a premium of ^"ioo, and guarantees 100 mares at two guineas each. The offering of a good prize is of little use unless the Society guarantees a certain number of mares at a fixed price. Societies have also been formed at Shrewsbury, Lincoln, Ellesmere, Rochester, &c. Unless mares are guaranteed, where good prizes are offered, the show ring is turned into a market, and the prize horse is sold, as a rule, at a high figure to go elsewhere. For many years past a large sum has been voted annually
in Parliament for " Queen's Plates," and race horses are generally brought forward to win them strong enough to carry a pair of breeches and boots. If members of Parliament representing agricultural constituencies, when this vote came on, could secure the whole or part of this sum as prizes for Cart Stallions, the author is convinced great good would result. INSURANCE.
In the case of valuable stallions, insurance should be adopted,
as it is a safe investment against loss. The cost is 8 guineas per cent, per annum, or 4^ guineas per cent, for the six months or season. The Imperial Live Stock Insurance Society, 446, West Strand, London, is that patronised by the author. CONVEYANCE OF HORSES BY RAIL.
The subject of conveyance of live stock was broached in
the paper read by the present writer at the Farmers' Club. I |
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14 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
remarked on that occasion that "our railway companies are
great gainers by our national shows, and I think they would do well to copy the liberal terms offered by the French authorities— namely, to convey horses and cattle at half-price. At the forth- coming Paris Show (June, 1878) Article 10 reads:—'Foreign animals sent to the Exhibition will be conveyed from the French frontier to Paris at the expense of the French Government.' And at the Horse Show, Article 6 :—' Custom duties will not be levied on animals entering France for the Exhibition.' Article 7 :—' Both in going and returning, only half-fares will be charged on French territory by the railway companies for animals admitted to the Exhibition and those in charge of them, without prejudice to any similar advantages which foreign governments may obtain for their countrymen on their own territory.'" Curiously enough, a similar concession was also granted to English breeders and exhibitors. STALLION SHOWS.
The plan of having a spring show of entire horses, at which
different districts should offer prizes and select stallions, is worthy of imitation. In 1878 the holding of a similar show, in the Midland Counties, was suggested in the paper which was read by the author at the London Farmers' Club. Although the English Cart Horse Society has not held a show in the Midlands, the proposer of the scheme is gratified to find his suggestion has been carried out in the metropolis of the world. A STUD BOOK SUGGESTED.
The Scotch and Suffolk breeders have each a Stud Book
Association. At the meeting of the Farmers' Club in London already referred to, the author then said :—" I hope before this meeting closes a determination will be made to establish a stud book for Shire-bred Horses. It is an acknowledged want, and never let it be said that breeders |
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THE SUFFOLK PUNCH. .15
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of this description of horse are indifferent in what I consider
a very important matter—pedigree—as affecting the future of breeding. Once started, I have no fear of the success of such an undertaking. Some gentlemen have suggested to me either Cambridge, or Peterborough, as head-quarters for such an asso- ciation, as being central for the breeding districts. I am rather inclined to think London would be better. A stud book I consider an important part of my subject, and I do hope it will be noticed in the course of the discussion." INCREASE IN HORSE-BREEDING.
The breeding of horses appears to be on the increase.
The returns show a satisfactory increase in all the classes of horses enumerated in Great Britain and Ireland. Brood mares and young horses are more numerous than ever. The increase in the breeding of horses is the result, no doubt, of the fear of cattle plague, pleuro-pneumonia, foot-and-mouth, and other contagious diseases which breeders and graziers have had to contend against in their herds and flocks. It is estimated that for every hundred acres of arable land ^200 capital is required, to say nothing of the additional sum required where valuable stallions and brood mares are kept. Horses should therefore be bred with the following objects :—For doing the work of the farm ; for selling when six or seven years old ; for heavy town work ; for raising mares that will be still more valuable as mothers; and also for exhibition purposes as an encouragement to young breeders. THE SUFFOLK PUNCH.
Having gone over in a perfunctory manner the history of
the Shire Horse, it seems necessary to touch upon the character of the Suffolk and Clydesdale breeds ; although this brochure is really intended to show the merits of the old Shire Horse, yet the public spirit of the Suffolk breeders cannot be ignored. The Suffolk Punch horses are chiefly bred in their own county |
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l6 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
and some parts of Essex. The colour most fancied is a
bright whole-coloured light red or chestnut. They show great uniformity of character, and tell of past, as well as present, carefulness of breeding. An interesting paper on this breed, by Mr. Herman Biddell, appeared in the Live Stock Journal Almanack for 1878, an "annual" which is so eagerly snatched up that not a copy is to be had for love or money a month after it is published. Suffolk land-owners are mostly breeders of the county Cart Horse. The Duke of Grafton bought Cottingham's Captain for the use of his tenantry. Sir Edward Kerrison, the Marquis of Bristol (by the way, his lordship is also a member of the English Cart Horse Society), the Earl of Stradbroke, Lord Henniker, Colonel Wilson, the Duke of Hamilton, and others, not only breed, but exhibit also. Their example should stimulate landowners in other counties to take greater interest in the subject than they now do. As to prices. Crisp's Cupbearer was sold for 375 guineas to Mr. Garrett, and Crisp's Conqueror to the King of Prussia for 300 guineas. Manchester Boxer made the same sum, and Heir Apparent 400 guineas. An association, under the presidency of Lord Waveney, was
formed some years ago for the purpose of collecting information regarding pedigrees, and publishing a Stud Book. Through the courtesy of the secretaries the writer was favoured with the loan of some of the MSS., from which it appeared that there was scarcely a Suffolk stallion in the county, of any note, whose pedigree could not be traced, in a direct male line, for seventy years, and, in some cases, for nearly 100. The first volume of this book appeared in 1880, a ponderous quarto volume, and was regarded by everybody as a work reflecting great credit on the secretaries, who had spared neither time nor expense in verifying the entries in this foundation volume. THE CLYDESDALE.
And now we come to the Clydesdale, which owes so much
of its excellence to English blood. Mr. Wm. Macdonald, |
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LORD BEACONSFIELD AND CLYDESDALES. 17
editor of the North British Agriculturist, sent the particulars
which follow to the author a few years ago. He says :— " The origin of the Clydesdale Horse is not very denned.
It has often been stated that the Clydesdale was of Flemish extraction. Many years ago one of the Dukes of Hamilton imported a number of Flemish stallions, which he had crossed with the native mares of the West of Scotland. A by no means unpopular theory is, that from this alliance the Clydesdale Horse sprang. Be this as it may, the south-west of Scotland has all along been the great centre of the Clydesdale breeding district, but over almost all Scotland Clydesdale Horses have made their impression. A MIXTURE OF BLOOD.
" Latterly, even in the south-western district of Scotland, a
great deal of English blood in the form of Shire or Cart Horses has been introduced and mixed with the Clydesdale element. This has improved rather than deteriorated the stamina of Scotch horses. It has principally been mares and foals that have been brought from England, which, when mated with a good Clydesdale stallion, produced first-class stock. Owing to this mixing of blood, the character, colour, and type of what generally pass muster as Clydesdales are not so uniform as could be desired, or as may have at one time been the case. The Clydesdale is an active and well-built durable animal, very suitable for heavy-land farms, and prized for long and heavy town work. Buyers of Clydesdales, however, are naturally unwilling to have to pay fancy prices for what they believe to be Clydesdale blood, while in reality they only get a cross between the Clydesdale and the English horse. Hence the agitation for a Stud Book, which culminated in the formation of a Clydesdale Horse Association." LORD BEACONSFIELD AND CLYDESDALES.
When attending the Royal Central Bucks Meeting at Ayles-
bury, in 1880, the late Earl of Beaconsfield asked the writer, how C |
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18 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
it was that a good Clydesdale had not been introduced into that
district, it being the only pure breed of Cart Horses. The reply made to his Lordship was, " Because we have better horses in England, as was clearly proved at the Royal Show at Liverpool, when the one-hundred-guinea cup for the best horse and the fifty-guinea cup for the best mare were both won by Shire Horses, and this notwithstanding the proximity of the show to Scotland, and the exhibition of some of the best Clydesdales which that country possessed." As to purity of breed, his Lordship was further informed that scores of the heaviest and best mares had for many years been taken into Scotland to cross with and to give weight to the Clydesdale. This fact is confirmed by Mr. Thomas Dykes, late secretary
of the Clydesdale Horse Society. In an article on the " Clydes- dale as a Draught Horse," in The Live Stock Journal Almanac for 1880, Mr. Dykes says:—■" Judging from portraits of prize horses at the Highland and Agricultural Society's Shows fifty years ago, the Clydesdales then possessed little hair on their legs, and their fetlock joints and pasterns were well developed and easily apparent; while in the modern horse the fetlock and pastern are not readily definable, owing to the superfluity of hair. They had also in those days better action; and it was not unusual for farmers to ride their best mares to market, as the late Mr. Frame, of Broomfield, did with the dam of his noted horse, Glancer II. (337), from which so many of our most noted Clydesdale stallions of the present day trace their descent.* Light-legged Aberdeen horses are now rarely to be found north, and the dealers have to seek for them in the North of England fairs. The introduction of a good many Shire Horses, and the attempts of some of the breeders in trying to raise thick-legged horses with plenty of hair, to catch the fancy prices of the colonial buyers, is no doubt responsible for this." |
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* The portraits in Stephen's " Book of the Farm " further confirm this view.
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OLD ENGLISH BLACK STALLION, 1841.
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
The portrait of the Old English Black Horse is taken from
Professor David Low's book on " The Domestic Animals in Great Britain," published in 1842 by Messrs. Longman and Co. It is the portrait of a Stallion, by Old Blacklegs, from a mare of the Dishley breed, bred by Mr. Broomes, at Ormiston, Derby. Old Blacklegs (living in 1834, and then 36 years old) was descended in a direct line from Bakewell's " Black Horse," the ancestor of many of the finest of the old dray-horses of London. Professor Low further observes:—" This race of heavy horses is reared extensively in the Midland Counties, from Lincolnshire to Staffordshire. The individuals are usually of great strength, but without corresponding action. The portrait exhibits the form of this class of horses as improved by Mr. Bakewell, of Dishley. The older black horse of the Fens and Midland Counties differs in several respects from the modern cultivated race. Few now exist in their original state of rude- ness, but scattered individuals are still to be met with, border- ing on the commons, or in possession of very old farmers, and their condition shows the changes which time and cultivation have effected on the race. These older horses possess the bulky form which everywhere seems to characterise the black stock in the counties where rank pastures exist. They have coarse heads, large ears, and thick lips, largely garnished with hair ; they have coarse shoulders, stout, hairy limbs, broad hoofs, and short upright pasterns. . . . The modern black horse retains the general characteristics of the pre-existing race, but greatly modified." The same writer gives a description of the Clydesdale, and
it may be as well to remark that Professor Low's illustrations were copied in 1841 from pictures in the Museum of the Edinburgh University. The engraving is the portrait of a seven-year-old Clydesdale stallion which was the property of the late Mr. Law, Morton, near Edinburgh; and the Zetland pony was the property of the Right Hon. the Earl of Hopetoun. C 2 |
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CLYDESDALE STALLION AND ZETLAND PONY, 1S41
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20 THE HISTORY OF THE SHIRE HORSE.
He adds :—" The Clydesdale breed of horses, deriving its name
from the Vale of Clyde, in the county of Lanark, is now largely reared throughout the Lowlands of Scotland, although, from the effects of cultivation, they often differ considerably in their characters from the older breed of the district. The breed of Clydesdale is really of very mixed lineage, although its distinc- tive characters have been communicated to it by the blood of the black horse. The Clydesdale as it now exists [1841] is of the larger class, the ordinary stature of the individuals being sixteen hands. Their prevailing colour is black, but the brown or bay is common, and is continually gaining upon the other, and the grey not unfrequently manifests itself, although the parents should have been dark. They are longer in the body than the English black horse, and less weighty, compact, and muscular; but they step out more freely, and have a more useful action for ordinary labour. They draw steadily, and are usually free from vice. The long stride characteristic of the breed is partly the result of conformation, and partly of habit and training; but, however produced, it adds greatly to the useful- ness of the horses, both on the road and in the fields. No such loads are known to be drawn at the same pace by any horses in the kingdom as in the single-horse carts of carriers and others in the west of Scotland ; and in the labour of the field these horses are found to combine activity with the physical strength required for draught purposes. The Clydesdale, although inferior in weight and physical strength to the black horse, and in figure and showy action to the better class of the draught horses of Northumberland and Durham, yet possesses properties which render it exceedingly valuable for all ordinary uses." Where tastes are so varied as in the present day, it would be
unwise to dogmatically assert that the Shire Horse is the best. It is enough for the present essayist to refer to the observa- tions made by him in the essay published in the first volume of the " English Cart Horse Stud Book." The same opinion still holds good. |
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SECURE THE BREED WHICH SUITS.
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21
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SECURE THE BREED WHICH SUITS.
Let every one endeavour to try and improve whichever breed
he fixes upon. His choice, to a great extent, should depend on locality or situation, and other surrounding circumstances. For land in which two horses in a plough will cheerfully plough an acre a day lighter-built horses may be an advantage to the farmer who has to buy his team, inasmuch as they do not cost more than half the sum needed for heavier animals. This must be a consideration with stock-owners in these depressed and depressing times. Let all aim to breed the best of their choice ; or, as George Herbert says:— " Pitch thy behaviour low, thy projects high,
So shalt thou humble and magnanimous be. Sink not in spirit ; who aimeth at the sky Shoots higher much than he that means a tree."
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An Essay on the Breeding, Rearing, and
Management of Shire Horses. BREEDING.
THIS appears to be the place to insert the essay which was
written for and published in the first volume of the " English Cart Horse Stud Book," as it is in harmony with the senti- ment expressed in the concluding sentences of the last section. HEREDITARY TAINT.
All breeders of experience are aware how much side-bones
depreciate the value, not only of entire male animals, but of mares, horses for town-work, and also of fillies for brood purposes. A well-known exhibitor once remarked : " If I sell a filly for ,£150 as sound, and on examination she is found to have side-bones, she is rejected, and when thrown back on my hands I cannot make half the money of her." If recourse is not had to veterinary examination, definite instructions should be given to the judges—who know, or ought to know, what constitutes unsoundness—not to award a prize to any animal which is not perfectly sound. Time was when judges gave the preference to the form, size, and substantiality of the body—all very im- portant ; but now feet and legs are very properly the first con- sideration. There is no doubt the future Stud Books will be the salvation of Shire Horses; at all events, it is a new departure towards perfection. PHYSIOLOGY OF BREEDING.
At a discussion upon " The Breeding and Management of
Cart Horses," which took place at the London Farmers' Club in March, 1878, a very important statement upon the physiology |
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BREEDING. 23
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of breeding fell from the lips of Mr. James Howard, M.P.,
containing as it does truths which should be well pondered by every breeder, whether of horses or other stock. Mr. Howard said :—" No animal in the kingdom would ever
command much more than the ordinary market price unless the owner could trace and give a reliable pedigree of the animal he wished to sell. Of course, he was referring especially to horses for breeding purposes. What, he would ask, had given Short- horn cattle their very exceptional value in this and other countries ? It was not their intrinsic value, great as that no doubt was, but the ability of the owners to point to a long line of pedigree. Breeders know full well in practice the value of length of pedigree ; latterly our most scientific men, in another department, had turned their attention to the physiology of breeding ; and they had also discovered the value of the longest pedigree. He believed that scientific men of the present day had come to the conclusion that in every class of animal the parent, as it were, sows certain seeds in the system, many of which were not germinated or fructified, but remained alive in the system, and perhaps were fertilised generations after the parent was deceased; this would account for what had so often been noticed by every breeder of any long experience, viz., how animals ' throw back' to former parents ; the germ or seed had remained in the system and had not fructified, but when mated with a subsequent parent, the seed which had so remained in the system unfructified became fertilised, and hence the value of a long and a pure pedigree, especially in the male animal. A sire of good pedigree will often beget an animal better than himself, whereas a sire of uncertain pedigree is far more likely to beget animals worse than himself. We need not point out that the longer the pedigree, and the better the pedigree, the more cer- tainty there would be in breeding." MR. HOWARD'S VIEWS.
Knowing that Mr. Howard had for many years made a study of the subject, I was desirous of ascertaining his present views, and I have pleasure in subjoining the following letter :— |
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24 ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
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"My Dear Sir,
" In reply to your inquiries about the physiology of breeding,
I would say that some thirty years ago my attention was directed to a remarkable book, ' Intermarriage,' by Alexander Walker, which, although mainly devoted to the human family, contained a valuable treatise upon 'The Application of the Natural Laws to the Breeding of Horses;' other chapters were devoted to cattle and sheep. In 1854 Mr. Reginald Orton, a medical practitioner of Sunderland, delivered two lectures to the Newcastle Farmers' Club upon ' The Physiology of Breeding,' in which he laid down certain fixed principles. Observation and experience since have satisfied me that they were sound, and although, like every other breeder, I know something of the uncertainties attending the breeding of animals, yet I am convinced that there are certain laws pertaining to the process, which, like all Nature's operations, are fixed and unalterable, and which cannot be disregarded with impunity. I will therefore state, very briefly, what I deem to be the cardinal points in the art of breeding which have been fairly established. "(1) That from the male parent is mainly derived the external structure,
configuration, and outward characteristics, also the locomotive system or development. ' " (2) From the female parent is derived the internal structure, the vital
organs, and in a much greater proportion than from the male, the consti- tution, temper, and habits, in which endurance and ' bottom' are included. " (3) That the purer the race of the parent, the more certainty there is of
its transmitting its qualities to the offspring ; say two animals are mated, if one is of purer descent than the other, he or she will exercise the most influence in stamping the character of the progeny, particularly if the greater purity is on the side of the male. " (4) That, apart from certain disturbing influences or causes, the male,
if of pure race, and descended from a stock of uniform colour, stamps the colour of the offspring. "(5) That the influence of the first male is not unfrequently protracted
beyond the birth of the offspring of which he is the parent, and his mark is left upon subsequent progeny. " (6) That the transmission of diseases of the vital organs is more certain
if on the side of the female; and diseases of the joints if on the side of the male parent. "To enter into a defence of these six positions would require as much
space as can be devoted to your essay. I could adduce many facts in support, both from my own and the experience of others. I would recom- mend those who desire to trace the matter further to refer to the Farmers' Club Journal of December, 1871, in which will be found a valuable paper and discussion upon ' Breeding: Facts and Principles.' Some of the facts were contributed by the author, Mr. Fowler, others by Mr. Edward Tattersall, and by myself.
" I am, yours very truly,
" Clapham Park, Bedfordshire, " James Howard. "December V)th, 1879."
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PASTURE.
The successful breeding of Cart Horses depends much upon
the nature of the land and the proportion of pasture. The land best suited is fen, or marsh land, and meadows alongside our rivers. Next to the great level of the Fens, where the heaviest horses in the world are bred, the Vale of Aylesbury appears a most favourable situation. Good horses are undoubt- edly bred in various other districts in the kingdom, but seldom without the expense of artificial food; although when light-legged horses were in fashion they were used in various parts of the kingdom for crossing with the heavier mares; but in the Fen country alien blood has been unknown: so scrupulous have been the breeders that «ven at the present day a Shire Horse bred in a different district is looked upon with suspicion. |
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PEDIGREES OF OLD HORSES.
The pedigrees of some of the best entire horses bred in this
district can be traced, in a direct male line, right back into the past century. A reference to the pedigree of a few of the best may not be uninteresting, although those who will take the trouble to wade through the Stud Book will doubtless find them all correctly given :— |
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26 ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
SELLING MARES.
For years past such has been the demand that the best mares,
as well as fillies, and even foals, have been draughted from the Fen districts, and owners of the best stallions have been tempted to part with them by the offer of high prices. At Sturbridge Fair, held at Cambridge in September 1879, the subject of arresting this outflow of the best animals was debated by the more thoughtful breeders. The Arabs, as is well known, will never part with their best mares, nor would Bakewell ever part with his ewes ; but it is to be feared that many breeders of horses in the Fen district have been tempted, so to speak, to sell the " goose which lays the golden egg." In consequence of agricultural depression, and foals realising less money, many breeders who formerly used a good horse at two or three guineas a mare, have been induced to use a lower-priced animal; the consequence is that inferior stallions, to be had for a low fee, have been overdone with work, some serving as many as 150 to 200 mares in about ten weeks. No one can be surprised that disappointment and disgust should follow such a course, and many who have pursued it, when prices have gone up again— as assuredly they will—will deeply regret their parsimony. |
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BREEDING CENTRES.
The establishment of breeding centres after the French
system of Haras, or by public companies, has found many advo- cates. Whatever may be the opinion of the public on this point, all must agree that " Booths " and " Bates " are both sadly needed in horse-flesh. There are many well-bred mares of the England's Glory breed which ought to be looked up for stud purposes. It is to be hoped that more of our chief landowners will give their attention, as some have nobly done, to the Cart Horse ; there will be plenty left to look after the Race Horse. To be the owner of a first-prize Cart Horse ought to become as fashionable as the possession of a crack racer. Depend upon it, in the course |
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BREEDING.
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of a few years, such an unprecedented demand will spring up for
this class of horses at home and abroad as is little anticipated at the present time. The offering of a good prize by an Agricultural Society
is of little use, unless a certain number of mares are guaranteed at a fixed price. In no case should a stallion have more than 100 mares in a season, and 80 in most instances is sufficient. The show of Shire Horses at the Agricultural Hall in the
spring of 1880 commended itself to my judgment; it supplied a felt want, and a good opportunity was thereby afforded to those who wanted to found a good stud, or who wished to buy or hire stallions. SERVING MARES.
I prefer putting fillies to the horse when two years old. My
experience is that, if well grown and well kept, it does not injure them, and they are much more likely to breed regularly if put to the horse at an early age. I am, however, aware that this practice is condemned by many breeders of eminence, upon the ground that it checks the full growth of the mare, and that the progeny come smaller; but my experience does not lead me to this conclusion. Mares are much more likely to breed when bred regularly
from than when a season is slipped. There is no time they are so likely to stand to the horse as about the ninth day after foaling. Maize or beans should never be given to working mares during the covering season ; green tares are very washy, and when young or watery should be used sparingly. Mares turned out to grass, having a peck of oats per day, are far more likely to stand to the horse than when kept in any other way. |
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REARING.
For weeks before foaling time mares ought to lie separate,
either in loose boxes or small yards; or, better still, in a yard with hovel to run under near the stockman's cottage. Such yards ought to exist on every breeding farm. Experienced breeders have assured me that the losses at birth are far greater when mares are tied up, and this from the habit of lying down always on the same side when kept in stalls. As a rule, the period of gestation is forty-eight weeks ; with horse-foals mares will sometimes go a week or ten days longer, and with fillies will often foal as much earlier. i •'[!
SLIPPING FOALS.
Not a few foals are lost through sheer inattention. A mare
may be eating and appear all right; probably in half an hour or less she may have foaled, and, for want of an attendant, the foal is smothered. How many foals have been lost on a Sunday morning, in consequence of horse-keepers being, as usual, an hour later than on other days ? Hence the advisability of having one of the horse-keepers sit up through foaling-time, or having a cottage with hovel adjoining. My practice is to give the man half-a-crown for each foal.
A few hours before foaling mares will generally drop their bones behind the hips, and will, as a rule, show black wax on the teats for several days before foaling. About twelve to eighteen hours before foaling, the black gives place to white wax, so that with proper observation no neglect ought to occur. After foaling, chilled water should be given for twenty-four hours. The mare should have a warm bran mash, and for the first few days live on soft food with sweet hay. |
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REARING. 29
MARE AND FOAL.
To turn out to grass early in the season is a bad practice,
especially when the wind is in the east, or the weather is wet and cold. The grass, too, if very succulent, is likely to produce diarrhoea. If a foal scours, a dose of castor-oil should be given immediately; this will, in all probability, take away the irri- tation ; but if necessary a dose of diarrhoea medicine should be given. Diarrhoea often proceeds from the mother's milk ; if so, give the mare a few old beans split, and a little clover hay, and keep her short of water. Some veterinary surgeons recommend isolation, and feeding the foal on flour and water. With this unnatural process I entirely disagree ; for in most cases, when the foal is put back to the mother, scouring returns, and not unfre- quently ends in the death of the foal. DRY FOOD FOR FOALS.
Mares should be well kept, both before and after foaling.
Foals cannot be taught too early to eat dry food. When about three weeks or a month old, they will, with a little tempting, begin to eat bran, grittled oats, and linseed-cake—broken small —mixed together. Last summer I had ten foals lying together in a hovel, temporarily put up in the meadow, and fed morning and night. The dams had dry food, in cribs outside and in sight. After a few days all restlessness of both dams and foals passed away, and the latter would run in as easily as lambs will run through a "creep." I strongly recommend this practice. Before weaning, the foals can be kept separated from the mares longer at a time, and when taken away entirely will not lose flesh to the same extent as is often the case when suddenly removed after weaning. They should be placed in a paddock specially reserved for them after hay time, with a hovel to run under. A fair allowance of dry food should be continued. If weaned about the middle of August, as many are, and very hot, dry weather prevails, a little green clover added will prove beneficial. I greatly prefer foals and yearlings running out on grass for a few hours in the daytime during winter, no matter |
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ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
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30
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how severe the weather; the exercise keeps them healthy, and
also promotes the growth of hoof, bone, and hair. In no case should they be allowed to lie upon hot manure. A liberal supply of nourishing food should be given during
the first year; at no other time in life will they so well repay the outlay. Half a peck of grittled oats and the same quantity of bran, damped with pulped roots, and mixed with good chaff, is not too much, if given in two feeds, morning and night. GOOD NURSING.
In all cases of disease incident to young horses good nursing
is indispensable. For strangles or influenza, hold the head over a steaming hot mash, and if the animal is unable to eat, give with the horn, every two hours—day and night—the dust of linseed cake soaked in hot water. I had an entire colt, rising two years old, which my veterinary surgeon cut in the windpipe, and inserted a tube; but this is a practice I cannot recommend, inasmuch as the colt, which I had just before declined to sell at a high figure, upon recovery at once turned a roarer. I mentioned this case to one of our most eminent veterinary professors, telling him I had had the colt castrated. He remarked that if caused by the cutting of the windpipe, the probabilities were that roaring would not have been hereditary in his stock. From April to the following October, on land that is adapted for raising young horses, they will do without dry food ; but with those kept for stallions, or fillies for show purposes, " Onward " must be the motto. At the same time care must be exercised in feeding and management. For such animals, boiled or steamed food should be given. Unless of good constitution, and they are allowed plenty of exercise, many cannot stand forcing on uncooked food, and will fly at the joints, hocks, eyes, or other parts where there is a tendency to weakness. OVER-FEEDING.
Fever in the feet is most frequently produced by over-feed-
ing. If the least symptom shows itself bleed both fore-feet |
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REARING. 31
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freely under the toe, and let the animal stand on soft clay, fre-
quently wetted, or upon tan ; standing up to the knees in a cool stream for two or three hours a day with intermittent exercise, is also an excellent remedy. Of course cooling physic and diet are absolutely necessary, especially the latter. If taken in time, and care exercised, fever in the feet does not permanently injure a cart-horse. COW'S MILK.
I do not at all agree with the practice of giving cow's milk to
foals at any stage, unless, indeed, a foal has lost its mother or is a bad suckler. Cow's milk is of too heating a nature, and nothing will sooner cause horses to shoot the hair off the fore- legs. Young horses, when turned out at grass, should be kept apart from cows-in-calf or ewes-in-lamb, as from their lively nature they are apt to cause serious mischief and loss. Yearlings should be taken up from pastures before the end of October; the same dry food as was recommended for foals should be given, with the addition of a little meadow-hay. A sheltered hovel and manger is all that is required. To warm yards I have a strong objection, as they cause the
coats to get thin and to shed much earlier than they ought to do. All animals for grazing purposes will do much better with the old coat on. EARLY BREEDING.
When two years old they may, if required, be haltered and
broken in at light work, but are all the better if left till Michael- mas—having had another summer's run. I prefer to put fillies to the horse at two years old, but it is an essential that they should be well grown and big enough. With respect to the objection that it is wrong on principle to breed from an imma- ture animal, I would quote the example of the late Mr. Jonas Webb, than whom there is no higher practical authority; he adopted the practice of breeding from his Shorthorn heifers at an earlier period than any of his contemporaries, and no man ever had a finer lot of cows than were brought out at the Babra- ham sale. |
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GENERAL MANAGEMENT.
THESE subjects are so intimately connected, that I venture to
take them together, for good and regular feeding is doubtless the most important element in good management. The systems in vogue as to management of farm horses, and the number of hours they are worked, varies with almost every district. In some districts two yokings a day throughout the year is the custom ; in others only one is the rule. In some counties double yokings, as they are termed, are reverted to only in seed-time and at busy times of the year. Some prefer horses tied up at night during the winter months in a stable; others prefer to turn them into a yard having a sheltered hovel facing the south, with a good-sized manger and rack ; others again, living near towns, who send hay and straw into these centres, returning with manure, prefer having their horses clipped. It is difficult to lay down rules on these points ; the custom
of the neighbourhood generally settles these, and strangers coming into districts with different notions find, sooner or later, they have to conform to the established customs. \
VENTILATION. Stables should have sufficient light and plenty of ventilation;
I do not approve of a loft overhead. If slates are used for the covering, the inside of the roof should be thatched with straw ; if well done it has a very neat appearance, and is warm in winter and cool in summer; with these advantages it is preferable to thin boarding. A general practice is to have the chaff-house at one end of the stable, and I prefer the gear-house at the other. Many prefer the chaff-house in the centre of the stable, and the harness on the wall at the back. The chaff-house should be |
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GENERAL MANAGEMENT. 33
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large enough to hold a supply for at least six months. It is
better to be filled up in the summer, and sufficient green food mixed to make it heat, as recommended by Mr. Jonas in the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal, vol. vii.; if filled in winter, when green food cannot be obtained, add common salt. FEEDING.
It is dangerous to cut new straw up immediately after
harvest, as it is likely to cause colic or gripes. If griped, give immediately a pint of linseed oil, of which every owner should have a cask by him ; if this fails, give a colic drink or one of Day and Hewitt's. If horses are turned into the yards for the night, two or three
loose boxes, according to the size of the farm, should be in readiness for the young or delicate ones. Whatever time the team goes to work, at least two hours'
bait should be allowed before leaving the stable in the morning, especially when the horses work without a bait at mid-day. If horses stand more than half an hour at breakfast-time,
they should have their nose-bags on. The nose-bag is a thing far too much neglected upon the farm. I always give a little long hay on returning at dinner-time ;
before adopting this practice colic used to be frequent, through some eating greedily of short-cut chaff; it is very rare to have an attack now. If a case does occur, I generally find upon inquiry that the hay has been omitted. WATER.
The practice of letting horses, on their return from work, go
into a pond or running stream is objectionable, especially if allowed to remain long. It softens the hoof; the shoes do not last so long; and, unless the legs are rubbed dry immediately— which is rarely done—chapped and perhaps greasy heels will result. Who would think of treating a hunter or hack in this fashion, and of allowing him to stand and dry himself in the D
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34 ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
stable? If properly attended to, heavy horses with plenty of
feather on their legs are not more susceptible to grease than the lighter breeds, although it is often stated by rival breeders to be the case, and by others who know nothing about the matter practically. ROOTS, ETC.
Horses will do much better by having small quantities of food
given them at a time than giving them a manger-full. A few carrots or wurtzels, pulped or mixed with the chaff, are beneficial at all times, particularly when there is no green food to be had. If farming heavy land, and living in a neighbourhood where potatoes are to be bought at a reasonable price, half a peck (boiled) added to the usual feed is a good practice; if not available, give 2 lbs. of linseed cake, additional, during the heavy work of wheat-saeding or other busy times. A friend of mine, who keeps twenty farm horses, as well as
many others for trade work, is a strong advocate for change of food. He says, what is doubtless true, that horses like variety ; when rye is cheap, relatively, he prefers it. He finds that the horses do better and keep healthier upon a variety of corn food than when kept all the year round upon the same kind. So far as is possible, he rings the changes upon oats, rye, maize, bran, beans, and he does not object to barley if mixed with other grain. STALLIONS FOR EXHIBITION.
In preparing stallions for exhibition purposes, it is better to
boil or scald the food. Nothing is better for this purpose than bran, oats, a small quantity of linseed (or the dust of linseed- cake), boiled beans, and boiled carrots, and pulped wurtzel, all mixed together. Stallions should have a dose of nitre and one of brimstone alternately weekly. After the travelling season I allow my stallions no corn until after the following Christmas, but give soaked bran mixed with chaff; meadow-hay is also added. They are better to lie in a small yard, boarded high, so that they cannot see over. If put in loose boxes, regular exercise |
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35
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GENERAL MANAGEMENT.
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should be given. In consequence of the continual wet weather,
land never, in my experience, moved so badly as during the past autumn, or a season which caused more anxiety to owners of teams, especially to those who possessed valuable brood mares. -
MANAGEMENT OF FARM HORSES.
Having written to practical men in different counties asking
for information upon the management of farm horses in their respective neighbourhoods, particularly as to the sort and weight of corn allowed in winter and in summer ; whether long hay was given of a night; the number of hours worked daily ; if stables or open yards were preferred for the night, &c. &c, much of the information received is important. Mr. W. S. Lamb, of Welbourne Grange, near Grantham, one of the judges at the Royal Kilburn Show in 1879, writes :— " I allow my working horses 14 lbs. of corn per day, chiefly
maize put through a bean-splitter. Man)' people use half oats, half maize. If I vary it is when they are working extra hard, then I give three-fourths maize, one-fourth old beans. I have a large trough in the stable, into which I put at night I lb. linseed- cake for each horse, and, in addition to that, I strongly recom- mend a good-sized basin of common salt, put in each night. This, I am sorry to say, is often neglected, in consequence of the aversion of the men to salt, but I am convinced of its utility. I then have the trough filled with water, and in the morning, when stirred, is used to moisten the chaff. I save all my wheat chaff, and mix it with clover fodder in equal proportions. I endeavour to stack—in one stack—about two tons of clover for each horse during the year, and the waggoner has the stack to himself to last for the year. Whenever we have green clover fit to cut I always use it. During that time a nice proportion of the clover stack is saved for winter. I seldom give fodder uncut, only when the horses return from work ; they then have a small quantity during the time the men are getting their dinners ; in fact, I have no rack in my stables. After finishing turnip-sowing, up to D 2 |
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T,6 ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
the commencement of harvest—say six weeks—I turn them on
grass land night and day. If worked, they are brought in the stable for two hours, and allowed green food and 7 lbs. of corn each per day. I never grow any tares. When I did I always had them mown the day before being used, as I found, when given fresh-cut, they caused gripe or colic. The custom of this neighbourhood is from the beginning of February to the end of wheat-seeding for horses to leave the stable at 6 a.m. and return at 2.15 p.m. If I have room, I always let the horses under four years old lie in open yards during winter, above that age in stalls, but if I had accommodation I should let all lie in open yards. "Eleven horses work 350 acres of arable (limestone) land. A
pair can plough an acre per day in seven and a half hours. My plan is, to keep no horse above six years old, except one old stager to break the young ones in. My stud now is one aged, two five years old, two four years old, four three years old ; two I sold last month, and two will go at Lincoln Fair, when I shall break four three-year-olds in. I make my horses a matter of business, and one year with another I keep as nearly as I can the same capital employed in them. I get my work done for what they cost maintaining, and I can show books to that effect since Lady Day, 1874. " I do not, as a rule, breed, but my idea is, keep young
horses steadily thriving; they will then be healthy, and make good ones in old age ; force them when young, and let them be on hot manure, they will soon be broken down in their young days." The information given by Mr. Lamb is important, inasmuch
as he can prove by books that he gets his work done for the cost of maintenance. His plan, too, of having a water-trough and putting in linseed cake and salt mixed is suggestive. MR. CURTIS ON FEEDING.
Mr. L. Curtis, of Chatteris—-also one of the judges at the
Royal Kilburn Show in 1879—writes as follows :—"There are |
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GENERAL MANAGEMENT.
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37
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so many ways of feeding farm horses here that your question is
difficult to answer. When mine are in full work I allow to each 2 bushels of oats per week. Wheat chaff and cut chaff is given mixed. In wheat-seeding time I give the same quantity of oats, but add a few old beans—say one bushel to five. " When they have grass in the summer, I give only I bushel
of oats per week. In the spring, when they go out to grass, they have extra a bushel a day of mangolds cut with a Gardiner's cutter. Rack up with whole hay in wheat-seeding. Other times two-thirds hay and one-third oat straw. On my other farm, which is strong land, I feed just the same, excepting in wheat-seeding, when I give 4 lbs. of linseed-cake a day to each horse extra, which, after being scalded, is mixed with the chaff. On this farm they never get less in the summer than 6 pecks of oats per week. In the fens many farmers give their horses little corn after wheat-sowing, but give a bushel or more of carrots daily. Our oats are light, rarely weighing more than 37 lbs. per bushel, frequently only 34 lbs. I find a man will not properly attend to more than six horses. Many use maize; I have tried it, but do not like it. I fancy it makes their wind bad ; and, if they do not have regular work, it is apt to set in the stomach." PRACTICE IN NORFOLK.
A friend in Norfolk writes :—" For several years my Cart
Horses were, during winter, fed on 1 stone of maize, and J.stone of bran per day. Last winter they had § stone maize, and \ stone bran ; and this winter they are having \ stone maize, \ stone oats, and \ stone bran—the oats being grown on the farm. They are never allowed hay, but have cut straw mixed with wheat and barley chaff. They lie in yards during winter, and about the middle of May till after harvest lie on grass land, being fed morning, noon, and night in the stables on \ stone maize and chaff. "They work nine hours per day during winter, ten during
summer, and longer, of course, in harvest. The general feed, |
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38 ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
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years ago, was 2 bushels of corn or more per horse per week,
and I stone of long hay per horse at night, with chaff ad lib., but I believe maize is now used in many instances." THE LIVERPOOL STUD.
Mr. Reynolds, of Liverpool, has kindly supplied me with
most valuable information as to the feeding and management of the Corporation horses ; but as they are not farm horses proper, I am afraid I should be diverging from the scope of my subject were I to introduce it. COST OF KEEP.
Space will not permit of my giving other replies, valuable as
I deem them ; but I propose to give an estimate of the cost of keeping. I have taken maize at 32s. per quarter, per 60 lbs. a bushel; oats, 38J lbs., at £1 per quarter ; long bran at 6s. per cwt.; clover hay at 90s. per ton ; meadow hay at 80s. per ton. Mr. Lamb allows 14 lbs. maize and 2 tons of clover each horse for the year, the horses having grass and green clover during summer, say for twelve weeks. This would leave two tons for forty weeks, or one cwt. of clover per week for each horse. Cost thus :— s. d.
14 lbs. maize, with expense of grinding, per day . .10 |
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\
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„ „ per week . .70
1 cwt. clover ......... 4 6
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Per week . . 11
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Mr. Curtis, on land that is easily worked :—
• s. d.
2 bushels oats per week, at 2s. 6d. . . . .50 Roots, say.........10
Say hay, I cwt.........40
10 o
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GENERAL MANAGEMENT. 39
A usual allowance on heavy land is per day :—
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j. d.
o 6
o si
O 2l
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7 lbs. maize........
7 lbs. oats........
3J lbs. bran........
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Per day
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Say hay, either given long or cut into chaff, 1 cwt.
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Per week
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12 oJ
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INCIDENTAL EXPENSES.
Chaff is not calculated, but I may add I have been offered
£3 per ton for oat-chaff—cut from oat-straw on a farm of my own—in an adjoining county. In many instances straw cannot be sold, but where it can, if
calculated at 30s. per ton before being cut into chaff, and the expense of cutting and moving added, the cost would perhaps be nearly 40s. per ton. Neither is the expense of linseed cake, carrots, wurtzels, boiled
potatoes, additional in the busy season, calculated. The straw for litter might be allowed for the manure. As horses generally have the best grass near home, as well as green food during the summer months, the cost during this period would, if worked, be about the same. I do not think that the cost of the keep of a horse can be put down at less than from £26 to £30 a year. Then there are the bills of the blacksmith, saddler, and
veterinary surgeon, as well as the expense of manual labour to attend to and groom them. All these calculations go to prove that the outlay for the team is one of the chief items of farm expenditure, and that horses should be one of the most important branches of the farmer's business. PURCHASE OF DRUGS.
Horse-keepers in many districts are allowed to buy drugs,
and no questions are asked so long as the team looks well. The |
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40 ESSAY ON BREEDING, REARING, ETC.
practice is often attended with serious consequences. My plan
is, at certain seasons, an allowance of an ounce—half nitre and half brimstone—to be given on Saturday night; and this has proved very beneficial. With horse-keepers at home I have had little trouble, but once let such a man lead a stallion, or attend shows, often he becomes of little use for ordinary work. This, with the difficulty of recovering the fees, is the cause of many owners of valuable horses refusing to travel them. LABOUR.
Without dwelling further upon the difficulties the farmer has
to encounter with his horse-keepers, I may perhaps be allowed to indulge a hope that when the education movement has had time to diffuse its influence in the formation of character of the agricultural labourers, they will see something in life nobler and higher than the indulgence of animal propensities, and take a deeper interest in their work and their employers' interest. The more valuable the horses and the live stock of a farm become, the more plainly we become alive to the fact that we are, as a class, deeply interested in the improvement of the labourer in knowledge, character, and intelligence. FUTURE OF SHIRE HORSE.
For the English Shire Horse there is a great future : the
Stud Book is surely laying a broad and solid foundation for the future prosperity of this noble breed ; landowners and farmers who have got together, or who during the next few years go to the trouble and expense of getting together, studs of good blood and right form, will find that they have made investments which will pay them no mean interest upon their outlay. |
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THE
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Origin of the English Cart Horse Society.
The origin of the English Cart Horse Society, and its adjunct
the Stud Book, is soon told. The story is not long, and yet, in some respects, it is interesting. Both arose in a singular way ; still the Stud Book is the natural outcome of the formation of the Society. Notwithstanding this, however, it will serve our present purpose to keep the two things separate, although inse- parably connected, and deal with each point in its proper order. THE LONDON FARMERS' CLUB.
When I suggested to the Secretary of the London Farmers'
Club the desirability of a paper being read on the subject of the Breeding and Management of Cart Horses, the names of several well-known gentlemen who take great interest in Cart Horses were mentioned, as able to introduce this important matter to the members of the Club ; but I had not the slightest idea of doing so myself, and it was only after repeated communication with Mr. S. B. L. Druce that I agreed to read a short paper. STEAM AND HORSES.
The date of that memorable meeting was the 4th day of
March, 1878, and it was held in the Club Rooms, then in the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi. On that occasion the chair was occupied by the president of the Club (Mr. John Brown, of Elwyn Orchard, March, Cambs), who made a few practical remarks in introducing the writer and the subject. Mr. Brown observed :— |
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42 THE ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH CART HORSE SOCIETY.
" Science and steam and machinery have done much for us
of late years. I trust they have something good in store for us. But we have not yet arrived at a stage at which we can do with- out that useful animal, the Cart Horse. That animal is an important factor in the economy of the farm, and I am quite sure it is worthy of the consideration of the Club. ' The Breeding, Rearing, and Management of Cart Horses' is a subject that must be of considerable interest. I believe it is placed in the hands of a good man (Mr. Frederic Street) and that he has something very practical and useful to tell you." BREEDING CART HORSES.
It is unnecessary here to go over what was said on that
occasion, as the reader has already become acquainted with all the author then discoursed, and all that he has since learned. Nearly the whole of that paper has been used in the early pages of this work; and it is simply necessary now to chronicle the results which have followed the efforts put forth on that occasion. The object was to form a society for the purpose of improving a very desirable breed of Cart Horses. That object has been to some extent attained, and may yet be still further developed. ORIGIN OF THE SOCIETY.
There is, indeed, every sign that these efforts will yet bear
better fruit than ever, and that greater attention and care will in future be devoted to the breeding and pedigree of the Shire Horse. After the reading of the paper already referred to, on the Breeding, Rearing, and Management of Cart Horses, a dis- cussion followed. Immediately afterwards another meeting was held, when it was decided to form a Society for the publication of the pedigrees of Shire Horses. Of the importance of this step few can doubt, as it has materially added to the value of the breed. Among those present on that occasion who sympa- thised with the suggestions of the present writer were:—Professor |
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PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE.
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43
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W. Pritchard, Major Dashwood, Captain Heaton, Messrs. James
Howard, M.P., Charles Howard of Biddenham, Finlay Dun, J. K. Fowler, T. Duckham, Geo. Street, T. Bell, C. S. Read, M.P., P. Phipps, M.P., &c. Mr. John Brown, who presided, requested Mr. Fred. Street to explain his views more fully to the gentle- men present. The writer was glad of the opportunity of placing these before his fellow-breeders. In doing this, he said he felt the importance of a Stud Book for Shire Horses, and being encouraged by the examples of their Suffolk and Clydes- dale friends, he thought it would be unwise to let the present chance slip of forming a similar Society for registering good Shire-bred stock. This feeling was shared by many in Cam- bridgeshire and Lincolnshire, but the difficulty with him was as to where the head-quarters should be located—whether in Cam- bridgeshire, Peterborough, or London. He thought London would be the best place, for if either of the other towns were fixed on, he believed London would eventually be found to be the most suitable. He, therefore, considered as a preliminary step that an Association should be formed immediately, and that they should endeavour to get as many gentlemen as possible to advocate the objects of the Society in their neighbourhood. He moved the following resolution :—" That it is desirable to form an Association for the establishment of a Stud Book for Shire-bred Horses." This was seconded by Mr. J. K. Fowler, of Aylesbury. Captain Heaton, who supported the resolution, said that he knew many breeders in the North of England who were anxious to know the result of the meeting, and who would support the Association if it were established. The motion was unanimously adopted. PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE.
A provisional Committee was then formed to carry out the
foregoing resolution, comprising the following gentlemen:— Major Dashwood, Captain Heaton, the Rev. L. Wood, Messrs. Clare S. Read, M.P., P. Phipps, M.P., J. Howard, M.P., Robert |
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•'»
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44 THE ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH CART HORSE SOCIETY.
Leeds, Finlay Dun, J. K. Fowler, T. Duckham, the Hon. E.
Coke, Joseph Martin of Littleport, J. F. Crowther, L. Curtis, and C. Marsters. < After some conversation, Mr. F. Street consented to act as
interim honorary secretary to the Association. NAME OF THE SOCIETY.
At the next meeting of the Society, held on April i, 1878,
various letters were read. Lord Dunmore wrote from Windsor Castle warmly approving of the project, and communicated a few facts for the guidance of the Committee. The gentlemen then present proceeded to select a title by which the Society should be known. " The Old English Shire Horse Society " was suggested, and also " The Old English Cart Horse." On a divi- sion, the designation under which the Society was registered was adopted. In connection with the name of the Society it may be as well to mention that Mr. Walter Gilbey, who was unable to be present at the meeting, wrote the hon. secretary on the subject. In this note Mr. Gilbey says :— " I was pleased to see the part you took at the late meet-
ing at the Caledonian Hotel for the purpose of establishing a stud book for our breed of big heavy draught horses, the necessity for which cannot be questioned. At the same time I confess to being sorry that any new name should be coined to give it a title when that same breed has been for half a century or more distinguished by the name of ' The Shire Horse,' an honourable distinction which I think should be perpetuated by calling the book the ' Shire Horse Stud Book.' When you reflect that the Clydesdale and the Suffolk have each their own stud book, and that both are in reality English cart horses, and might justly be included in your proposed list, when also you remember that these Shire horses are used for many other draught purposes besides cart work, and lastly that this subject concerns breeders in nearly all the counties in Eng- land, who have, like myself and friends in this neighbourhood, |
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ORIGINAL MEMBERS.
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45
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accepted and styled our animals as the ' Shire Breed ' (and from
which counties members may be expected to join your Associa- tion), I hope the newly appointed Committee, or the members who are to be appointed, will not hastily commit the Association to a name which is inappropriate, and that they will at least give time for another meeting to discuss so important a point." ORIGINAL MEMBERS.
The following document may be interesting and useful in
after years. It is the Memorandum of Association signed by the original members who were desirous of being formed into an Association : — 6153c, the several persons whose names and addresses are subscribed
hereto, are desirous of being formed into a Society in pursuance of this Memorandum of Association. |
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Names, Addresses, and Descriptions of Subscribers.
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Egerton Ellesmere, Worsley Hall, Manchester.
Powis, Powis Castle, Welshpool. William H. B. Ffolkes, Hillington Hall, Lynn. Pickering Phipps, Northampton, Northamptonshire. T. Brown, Marham Hall, Downham Market, Norfolk. Frederic Street, Somersham Park, Hunts. W. Wells, Holme Wood, Peterborough. Spencer, Althorp, Northampton!. Dated this Second day of July, One Thousand Eight Hundred
and Seventy-eight. Witness to all the above signatures except that of Earl Spencer,
CHAS. DORMAN,
Solicitor, Essex Street, Strand.
Witness to the signature of Earl Spencer,
ARTHUR C. MORE,
23, Essex Street, Strand, Solicitor.
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•*
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46 THE ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH CART HORSE SOCIETY.
OFFICIALS.
As the Society has now been a few years in existence, it may
be as well to indicate briefly the noblemen and gentlemen who have had official connection with it. The names of those consti- tuting the original Council will be found below. The Earl of Ellesmere was the first president, and Earl Spencer the first vice-president. In selecting the members of Council, thirty in number, the plan was adopted—so successfully carried out by the Smithfield Club—of sending a voting-paper, with sixty names, to every member to put his initials against thirty, so as to get representative men from every quarter. Some important districts had no member returned on the
Council, while in others every one on the list came in. Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire returned every nomination, or twelve between them, while Lancashire, Lincolnshire, and Derby united only returned four. This was, however, capable of explanation : in Norfolk there were sixteen life and fifty-eight annual members; in Cambridgeshire, ten life and forty-four annuals ; and in Hunts, five life and twenty-two annual ; while in Lancashire there were only three life (including the president) and five annual ; in Lincolnshire, one life and nine annual; and in Derbyshire, one life and five annual members. Two vacancies occurred in the Council before the first year expired, and these were filled up by the appoint- ment of one gentleman out of Lancashire and another out of Cheshire. The election of a paid secretary was done by means of voting
papers, which were sent out to each member. There were twenty-three candidates, and the Committee recommended the first four on the list. The salary for the first year was fixed at £150, and the travelling and incidental expenses were arranged to be paid, under the control of the Editing Committee. The scrutineers declared Mr. George Mumford Sexton, of Wherstead Hall, Ipswich, to be duly elected. |
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OFFICIALS.
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47
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Patron—H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, K.G.
Presidents—The Earl of Ellesmere, Earl Spencer, Hon.
Edward Coke, Earl Powis, and Mr. Walter
Gilbey (President-Elect).
Vice-Presidents—The Earl of Ellesmere, Earl Spencer, Hon. Edward Coke.
Council—The Election of Noblemen and Gentlemen to serve on the
First Council resulted as follows, and constituted the original Council of the Society, viz.:— President—The Earl of Ellesmere.
Vice-President—The Earl Spencer. Treasurer—E. B. Foster, Banker. The Earl Powis, Powis Castle, Welshpool, Wales.
The Earl of Dunmore, Dunmore, Stirling, Scotland.
The Honourable Edward Coke, Longford, Derbyshire.
The Honourable H. de Vere Perry, Dromore Castle, Co.
Limerick, Ireland. Sir Gilbert A. Clayton East, Bart., Hall Place, Maidenhead,
Berkshire. Sir J. D. Astley, Bart, Elsham Hall, Brigg, Lincolnshire, and
24, Lowndes Square, S.W. SirWM. Ffolkes, Bart, Hillington Hall, King's Lynn, Norfolk.
Street, Frederic, Somersham Park, St. Ives, Huntingdonshire
Howard, James, M.P., Clapham Park, Bedfordshire.
Heaton, Captain, Worsley, Manchester, Lancashire.
Street, George, Maulden, Bedfordshire.
Marsters, Charles, Saddlebow, King's Lynn, Norfolk.
Plowright, Thomas, Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire.
Martin, Josh., Highfield House, Littleport, Cambridgeshire.
Little, William, Littleport, Ely, Cambridgeshire.
Dashwood, Major, Kirtlington, Oxfordshire.
Overman, Henry, Weasenham, Brandon, Norfolk.
Brown, Thomas, Marham Hall, Downham Market, Norfolk.
Linton, John, Westwick Hall, near Cambridge, Cambridge-
shire. Broughton, E. D., Wistaston Hall, Crewe, Cheshire.
Gilbey, Walter, Elsenham Hall, Elsenham, Essex.
Phipps, Pickering, M.P., Northampton, Northamptonshire.
Wells, Wm., Holme Wood, Huntingdonshire.
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48 THE ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH CART HORSE SOCIETY.
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Richardson, Alfred, Fortrey House, Mepal, Cambridgeshire.
Fowler, J. K., Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Treadwell, Jno., UpperWinchendon, Aylesbury, Buckingham- shire. Taylor, Garrett, Trowse House, Norwich, Norfolk. Crowther, Jas. F., Knowl Grove, Mirfield, Yorkshire. Honorary Life Member—The Society unanimously elected Mr. Frederic
Street, the late Honorary Secretary, an Honorary Life Member immediately after the appointment of Mr. G. M. Sexton as Secretary. Treasurer—E. B. Foster, Esq., Banker, Cambridge.
Secretary—Mr. G. M. Sexton, Wherstead Hall, Ipswich.
Terms of Membership.—Annual Members suDscribe one guinea; Life
Members pay ten guineas. The Articles of Association, Rules, and Bye-laws can be had on application to the Secretary. |
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The Stud Book.
The Stud Book has already been called a valuable adjunct of
the English Cart Horse Society. Without the means possessed by a corporate body there could not possibly have been a Stud Book. Individual enterprise is all very well, but where heavy and great expenses are involved, the task would become weari- some to the most enthusiastic, and entail a heavy loss on the most patient of promoters. This is, in fact, the history of nearly all similar movements. It was so with the Herd Books of the Shorthorn, Polled-Aberdeens, and Hereford Societies, and it is in contemplation to place the English-Jersey Herd Book in the hands of a corporate society. These facts were all thoroughly weighed by the promoter of the English Cart Horse Society ; and the wisdom of the suggestion which led to the formation of such an association for the publication of a Stud Book has been fully justified. The Society has nearly 700 members, and a good balance
at the bankers. It has published four volumes of the Stud Book, which contain, in addition to the pedigrees regis- tered therein, several essays of a useful and instructive character. The Society has also, since March, 1880, promoted four
Cart Horse Shows, which were held in the Agricultural Hall, Islington, London, in the spring of the year. The prizes for each Show have been provided by subscription. The demand for Shire-bred horses at home and abroad has been considerably increased; and breeders, therefore, have been greatly encouraged in their efforts to supply the carting public with " what's wanted" in horseflesh. The sums realised by many breeders for their stock have already been given. E |
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SO THE STUD BOOK.
The value of the Stud Book to breeders and buyers is incal-
culable. It causes breeders to be more careful in mating, and more circumspect in ascertaining the qualities of the sire and dam. This is absolutely necessary if any beneficial effects are expected. Buyers prepared to give a good price now want stock free from hereditary taint and with the best character possible. Good stock can now be found registered in the four books published by the Society. Every sire and dam mentioned therein has been care- fully verified as far as is possible. Although there is no doubt mistakes have occurred, yet it is surprising that the volumes succeeding the first contain so few corrections. One thing the Society did which will confer a great benefit
on exhibitors at their Shows, and also on the country at large. At the first Cart Horse Show held on March 2, 1880, the Council intimated to the Judges and the Veterinary Surgeon, who, by the way, are ineligible to be elected the year following, " that no animal should receive a prize that was not free from hereditary or any other disease detrimental to breeding sound and healthy stock." This most important rule had the effect of sending from the ring without honours many grand-looking animals. Altogether, the Society, in the short space of five years, has de-
veloped to such an extent as to exceed the fondest anticipations of its originator, or those noblemen and gentlemen who so kindly supported him in carrying out his idea to a successful issue. It is gratifying to be able thus publicly to record his gratitude for the many kind words and good wishes—both oral and written— with which the scheme was welcomed and the project heartily adopted. It was indeed very gratifying—and an augury of future prosperity — to find the first Horse Show of the Society honoured with the presence of their Royal High- nesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, and that of several members of the Royal Family, attended by the President (the Earl of Ellesmere) and the Vice-President (Earl Spencer, K.G.), the Lord Mayor and other noblemen and gentlemen. But we must come to details, and point out the leading
features of the four volumes of pedigrees published by the |
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ESSAYS.
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51
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Society. In fact, the history of the Shire Horse would be in-
complete without it, and probably, in future years, will be much appreciated by another generation of breeders. VOLUME I.
The first volume, published in 1880, contained the pedigrees of
stallions foaled previous to January 1st, 1877, and two essays on " The Breeding, Rearing, Feeding, and Management of Cart Horses." The Editing Committee—comprising Hon. E. Coke, Major Dashwood, Captain Heaton, Mr. James Howard, M.P., Mr. T. Brown, and Mr. Fred. Street—had very arduous work in arranging the materials and preparing the work for press. Fortunately, the Society were placed in possession of over 1,000 pedigrees, which it had taken Mr. Richard S. Reynolds, of Liver- pool, many years to compile. This was truly a valuable con- tribution to the volume, and was carefully utilised by the secretary, Mr. G. M. Sexton, who visited most of the principal breeders in the Kingdom to verify the entries. Many of the horses registered were foaled a century ago, and the total number of pedigrees inserted in the first volume amounted to 2,381. The words "Shire Horse" are inserted in some entries and not in others. The reason of this want of uniformity has already been explained in tracing the origin of the Society and in the discussion which took place on the selection of a title. However, it may be as well to state here that it must not be inferred that the other pedigrees are not those of Shire Horses. On the contrary, the Council considered it advisable to give individual owners the option of using the term or not. ESSAYS.
With the view of disseminating much valuable and practical
information on the breeding and management of Farm Horses, the Council offered a special prize of twenty guineas for the best essay on the subject. This proved that they had taken a com- E 2
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52 THE STUD BOOK.
prehensive view of an important topic, and at the same time
had adopted a course calculated to benefit the present and future generations of breeders and users of Cart Horses. There can be no question that much valuable information was disseminated by the publication of a prize essay in the first volume ; and the proposal to commence the Stud Book with an essay of this character was, to say the least, a happy thought. Twenty-five gentlemen competed, and the adjudicators—Major Dashwood and Captain Heaton—awarded the prize to Mr. W. R. Trotter, South Acomb, Stockfield-upon-Tyne, Northumberland. The other essay, printed in this volume—copied from the Stud Book —was adjudged to be second in order of merit. In addition to these essays, however, Mr. R. S. Reynolds, M.R.C.V.S., con- tributed a most interesting and instructive " History of the English Cart Horse," the copyright of which is reserved by the author. VOLUME II.
This book contained the pedigrees of 138 stallions and
upwards of 500 mares. The Council were disappointed at this small entry of mares, but this may be accounted for through the great difficulty in obtaining pedigrees, as many good mares were purchased without any questions being asked. The con- ditions adopted by the Council for mares to be eligible were that they should have had produce, and should at least have one cross of blood, or have distinguished themselves at one or other of the principal shows. The Editing Committee—consisting of Messrs. T. Brown (Chairman), W. T. Lamb, W. Little, R. S. Reynolds, and F. Street—had to omit several entries owing to the mares not having had produce. The work of the Secretary and Committee was very arduous, owing to the difficulty of obtaining reliable information ; and these labours were fre- quently retarded by imperfect entry forms. There were also two essays on the management of Cart Horses in the second volume. These were contributed by Mr. R. S. Reynolds and Mr. G. M. Sexton, the Secretary of the Society. |
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
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53
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VOLUME III.
This gives the pedigrees of 177 stallions foaled before the
first of January, 1881 ; and of 395 mares that had produced a living foal. Of these, 531 animals were entered as "Shire-bred," and 41 animals without these words. The latter number (41) would have been less had the owners of some Prize Mares sent records as to their breeding. In several instances the pedigrees were sent in with the words " Shire-bred" attached, but the Editing Committee—comprising Messrs. Frederic Street {Chairman), Walter Gilbey, W. T. Lamb, William Little, R. S. Reynolds, M.R.C.V.S., and Henry Smith—considered it necessary to leave these words out where the owners sent no record as to how the mares were bred. In editing this volume a difficulty arose about several Prize Mares with insufficient pedigrees, and in consequence the following resolution was passed :—" In the case of mares which have been purchased with pedigrees unknown, if they or their progeny have taken prizes as English Cart Horses, the dam shall be considered eligible for insertion in the ' Stud Book.'" This rule accounts for several entries appearing in the third volume without full particulars being given as to pedigree. Another matter of importance is the system which should
be adopted of naming stallions and mares in future. In the preceding volumes there are 85 stallions under the name of " Champion," 65 under the name of " Honest Tom," 26 mares under the name of " Beauty," 23 under the name of "Blossom," and 32 as " Diamond " and so forth. It is certainly desirable that distinct names should be given, for as it is most confusing, and will lead to difficulties in the future. In this volume will be found reports of two shows which were held at the Agricultural Hall, London, in 1880 and 1881. ILLUSTRATIONS.
A step in the right direction was also made by the Council
when they agreed to insert illustrations. Through the kind- |
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54
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THE STUD BOOK.
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ness of Mr. Walter Gilbey, two illustrations of Shire Geld-
ings, taken from pictures, were presented to the Society. They were taken from pictures by J. L. Agasse and G. Garrard. These have been also lent to the author for the purpose of showing the type and style of the Shire, or old English Horse in the beginning of the century. The Shire Horses of to-day compare favourably with the animals depicted in these engravings ; as it is apparent the same characteristics have existed for upwards of a century. This ought to enhance the.value of horses whose pedigrees can be traced back to that distant period. VOLUME IV.
The fourth volume of the Stud Book contains the pedigree of
266 stallions, numbered from 2,697 t0 2>9^2> and 518 mares and fillies. Mr. Anthony Hamond, who was a member of the Council in 1881-2, has presented to the Society an illustration of a Norfolk Cart Stallion, bred in 1780. This engraving shows that the right stamp of Cart Horse was bred and valued on the uplands of West Norfolk a century ago. The Editing Committee—namely, Mr. T. Brown, Chairman ;
The Earl of Powis, President ex-officio ; Mr. Walter Gilbey, Presi- dent Elect ex-officio; Mr. W. T. Lamb, Mr. R. Pell, and Mr. Henry Smith—have adopted the system of giving lists of Studs. The Report of the London Show of 1882 is supplied by
Mr. Sanders Spencer, of Holywell Manor, Hunts. The Reports of the Veterinary Inspector, and of the Judges, also appear in the volume, and are sure to be of much value in future years. There is also given a list of additional prizes won by stallions
and mares registered in previous volumes. In conclusion, we may mention that several important sugges-
tions have been made by the Editing Committee to the Council with a view of obtaining a better definition of pedigrees. This will have a beneficial effect, as it will ensure more care being taken in breeding and in registering produce. The Committee recommended that no stallion three years old
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SHIRE-GELDING, 1792-
From Painting, "Whitbread's Brewery," Painted by G. Garrard, 1792, and Engraved by W, Ward. |
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VOLUME IV.
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55
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and upwards be admitted unless its sire or dam's sire be
registered or eligible for registration. That no mare three years old and upwards be admitted un-
less it complies with one or more of the following conditions : (l) that she is by a registered sire, (2) that her dam is registered in the Stud Book, or is by a registered sire, or (3) that she or her progeny has gained a prize as an English Cart Horse at one of the chief agricultural shows in the kingdom. That no animal foaled since 1880 be admitted unless its sire
be registered, and its dam be either in the Stud Book or be by a registered sire. This recommendation the Council unanimously consented to
adopt. Altogether the four volumes contain the pedigrees of 2,962 stallions and 1,413 mares and fillies. |
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SHIRE-GELDING, 1826.
From Painting, " Old Smithfield Market," by /. L. Agasse, 1826, and Engraved by Charles G. Lewis. |
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London Cart Horse Shows.
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In connection with the Shows held under the auspices of the
Society, a capital rule was passed respecting the veterinary examination of stallions. It has been too much the practice to give prizes to beautiful weeds, and to offer premiums to such to disseminate their hereditary weaknesses to their progeny. But the English Cart Horse Society soon settled the question of ascertaining the soundness of stallions in a plain common-sense manner, worthy of an Association instituted for the purpose of improving the breed of Cart Horses. By condition 10 in the regulations issued by the Horse Show Committee, " A veterinary surgeon will attend at the Show to inspect the animals selected by the judges before the final award is made ; and no award will be made to any animal which is not free from disease detrimental to breeding sound and healthy stock." Under this condition, a customer attending to purchase or hire a stallion exhibited at the Cart Horse Show may depend that all passed by the veteri- nary referees are sound. The following gentlemen were appointed by the Council of
the English Cart Horse Society to carry out the arrangements of the Show :— Horse Show Committee.
Walter Gilbey, Elsenham Hall, Essex (Chairman).
Thomas Brown, Marham Hall, Downham Market, Norfolk. James Howard, M.P., Clapham Park, Bedfordshire. Frederic Street, Somersham Park, St. Ives, Huntingdonshire. Stewards.
Thomas Brown, Marham Hall, Downham Market, Norfolk.
Joseph Martin, Littleport, Ely, Cambridgeshire.
Frederic Street, Somersham Park, St. Ives, Huntingdonshire.
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PRIZES AND HONOURS. S7
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Judges.
W. T. Lamb, Welbourn, Grantham, Lincolnshire.
Richard S. Reynolds, Municipal Offices, Liverpool. Samuel Wade, Ivy House, Mickleover, Derbyshire. Veterinary Inspector.
Professor Pritchard, M.R.C.V.S., 45, Haverstock Hill, London, N.W. |
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PRIZES AND HONOURS.
1880. Class I.—Stallions five years old and upwards. Sixteen entries.
1 st Prize, Champion (440), chestnut, thirteen years old; exhibited
by the Stand Stud Company, Manchester, and bred by Thos.
Stokes, Caldecot, Rutlandshire.
2nd Prize, Samson II. (1989), chestnut, five years old ; exhibited by Lord Hastings, Melton Constable, East Dereham, Norfolk, and
bred by A. Richardson, Mepal, Cambridgeshire.
3rd Prize, Major (1470), bay, eight years old ; exhibited and bred by Thomas W. Muriit, Wiggenhall St. Mary's, Lynn, Norfolk.
Reserve Number and Highly Commended, Wilkin's Honest Tom (2337), brown, six years old; exhibited by A. C. Wilkin, Tiptree
Heath, Kelvedon, Essex, and bred by Captain Gandy, Roefield,
Clitheroe, Lancashire.
Class II.—Stallions, four years old. Twelve entries.
1st Prize and Champion Cup, Admiral (71), bay; exhibited by
the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley Hall, Manchester, and bred by
J. Milner, Kirkham, Lancashire.
2nd Prize, Norfolk Wonder (1663), black; exhibited by Garrett Taylor, Trowse House, Norwich, and bred by James Marston,
Wiggenhall, St. Mary's, Norfolk.
3rd Prize, British Ore (276), roan; exhibited and bred by Thomas Banyard, Poplar Hall, Horningsea, Cambridgeshire.
Reserve Number and Highly Commended, Peeping Tom (1709), brown; exhibited by the Earl of Macclesfield, Sherborne Castle,
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58
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LONDON CART HORSE SHOWS.
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Tetsworth, Oxford, and bred by Thomas Statter, Stand Hall,
Manchester. Class III.—Stallions, three years old. Twenty-three entries.
ist Prize, Rutland Champion (2490), chestnut; exhibited and bred
by Wm. Hugh Wright, Caldecot, Rutland.
2nd Prize, Cast Steel, grey, exhibited and bred by John Linton, Westwick Hall, Cambridge.
3rd Prize, Samson IV. (2494), bay; exhibited and bred by the Earl of Ellesmere.
Reserve Number and Highly Commended, Crown Prince, chestnut; exhibited by the Stand Stud Company, and bred by Mr. Smith,
Willingham, Cambridgeshire.
Commended, Lord Lincoln (2455), brown; exhibited and bred by James and Frederick Howard, Bedford.
Commended, Waxwork, roan; exhibited by Wm. Coles, Chearsley, Buckingham, and bred by John Simons, Tringford, Bicester.
Class IV.—Stallions, two years old. Fifteen entries.
1st Prize, Worsley Wonder (2519), bay; exhibited by the Earl of
Ellesmere, and bred by John Fryer, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. 2nd Prize, Crowland Hero, bay; exhibited by Stand Stud Company,
and bred by Mr. Horn, Frampton, Lincolnshire. 3rd Prize, Fortrey Samson (2426), bay; exhibited by Alfred Richard-
son, Fortrey House, Mepal, Ely, Cambridgeshire, and bred by Wm. Lyon, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. Reserve Number and Highly Commended, Prince Tom (2652),
chestnut; exhibited by Ingle Few Thoday, Willingham, St. Ives, Huntingdonshire. Commended, Lord of the Manor, grey; exhibited and bred by Wm.
Looker, Wyton Manor, Huntingdon. Class V.— Yearling Stallions. Ten entries.
ist Prize, Coming Wonder, chestnut; exhibited by Charles Marsters,
Saddlebow, King's Lynn, Norfolk, and bred by W. Green, The
Moors, Welshpool, Montgomeryshire.
2nd Prize, The Wiggenhall Wonder, black; exhibited and bred by Thomas W. Murfit, Wiggenhall St. Mary's, Lynn, Norfolk.
3rd Prize, A brown colt; exhibited and bred by Robert Henry Griffin, Borough Fen, Peterborough.
Reserve Number, Lord Chancellor, bay j exhibited and bred by the Earl of Ellesmere.
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PRIZES AND HONOURS. 59
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Class VI.—Mares, five years and upwards. Thirteen entries.
ist Prize and Champion Cup, Topsy, black, six years old; exhibited
by Lawrence Drew, Merryton, Hamilton, Scotland, and bred by Mr. Goodhall,. Milton, Derbyshire. 2nd Prize, Honest Lady, bay, eleven years old; exhibited by the Earl
of Ellesmere, and bred by E. Flintham, Somersham, Huntingdon- shire. 3rd Prize, Beauty, black, eight years old ; exhibited by the Earl of
Ellesmere, and bred by W. H. Potter, Lockington Grounds, Derbyshire. Reserve Number, Miss Linton, brown, five years old ; exhibited by
Thomas Atkinson, Crook, Darlington, Durham, and bred by John Linton, Westwick Hall, Cambridgeshire. Class VII.—Mares, four years old. Only four competed.
1 st Prize, Darling, brown; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, and
bred by W. Kelsall, Bilsborough, Preston, Lancashire.
2nd Prize, Dagmar, bay; exhibited and bred by Thomas Horrocks Miller, Singleton Park, Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire.
3rd Prize withheld. Reserve Number, Lady Hopper, bay; exhibited by Captain W. H. Betts, Diss, Norfolk, and bred by Richard Hopper, Whittlesea,
Cambridgeshire.
Class VIII.—Fillies, three years old. Nine entries.
1st Prize, Caprice, bay; exhibited by Hon. Edward Coke, Longford,
Derby, and bred by Mr. Lyles, Appleby Head, Worksop. 2nd Prize, Duchess, roan; exhibited by Robert Horsley, Ashill, Thet-
ford, Norfolk, and bred by Owen S. Macer, Manea, March,. Cam- bridgeshire. 3rd Prize, Princess Victoria, bay; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere,
and bred by T. D. Rose, Ramsay, Huntingdonshire. Reserve and Highly Commended, Miss Benton, black; exhibited by
Captain W. H. Betts, and bred by Mr. Battcock, Hemingford, Hunts. Class IX.—Fillies, two years old. Eight entries.
\%t Prize, Brown filly; exhibited by Lawrence Drew, Merryton,
Hamilton, Scotland, and bred by Thomas Caudwell, Silverhill, Teversal, Mansfield, Notts. 2nd Prize, Thistle, chestnut; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere,
Worsley Hall, Manchester, and bred by Bradley, Staunton, Notts. |
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60 LONDON CART HORSE SHOWS.
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3rd Prize, Comely, bay ; exhibited by Hon. E. Coke, Longford, Derby,
and bred by Mr. Sowter, Farnah, Derby.
Reserve Number, Shamrock, black; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, and bred by T. Freshney, Louth.
Commended, Dainty, brown; exhibited by Charles Marsters, Saddlebow, King's Lynn, Norfolk, and bred by Edward Green, The Moors,
Welshpool, Montgomeryshire.
Class X.—Fillies, one year old. No entries.
Class XI.—Geldings. Four entries.
1 st Prize, Sultan, black, six years old; exhibited by Captain W. H.
Betts, Frenze Hall, Diss, Norfolk.
2nd Prize, Duke, brown, nine years old; exhibited by P. andR. Phipps, Northampton.
3rd Prize withheld. |
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l88l.
Respecting this show the Judges reported that—
" It is with no little satisfaction we record the fact that the 1881
Show of the Society has not only exceeded, both in quality of the animals and in the number of entries, the first show, but also any exhi- bition of this useful breed of animal previously held in the United Kingdom, the increase in the number of entries being no less than thirty-six over last year. The show was honoured by the presence of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, and many members of the Royal Family; the President of the Society, Earl Spencer, and the Countess; the Vice-President, Hon. Edward Coke, and Lady Coke, and many members of the nobility." The following were appointed by the Council of the English Cart-
Horse Society to carry out the arrangements of the show :— Horse Show Committee.
Walter Gilbey, Elsenham Hall, Essex {Chairman). Thomas Brown, Marham Hall, Downhara Market, Norfolk. Frederic Street, Somersham Park, St. Ives, Hunts. • Stewards.
Major Dashwood, Kirtlington, Oxfordshire.
William Little, Littleport, Ely, Cambridgeshire. John Treadwell, Upper Winchendon, Aylesbury. |
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PRIZE LIST.
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fudges.
James Bulford, Hordley, Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Thomas Plowright, Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire. Henry Smith, The Grove, Cropwell-Butler, Notts. Veterinary Inspector.
Professor Pritchard, R.C.V.S. |
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PRIZE LIST.
Class I.—Stallions, five years old and upwards. Thirty-one entries. ist Prize, Beauchieff (116), bay, ten years old; exhibited by Frederic
Street, Somersham Park, St. Ives, Hunts, and bred by Mr. Sampson, Beauchieff Abbey, Sheffield. 2nd Prize, King of the Vale (1242), blue roan, seven years old; exhi-
bited by Col. Morrell, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, and bred by E. Cliff, Aylesbury, Bucks. 3rd Prize, Temptation (2097), bay, five years old ; exhibited by James
Forshaw, Blyth, Worksop, Notts, and bred by John Johnson, Kirton, Boston, Lines. Reserve Number, Royal George (1892), grey; exhibited by the Stand
Stud Company, Whitefield, Manchester. Class II.—-Stallions, four years old. Fifteen entries.
1 st Prize, Samson IV. (2494), bay; exhibited by H. R. Hart, Cannock,
Staffs, and bred by the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley Hall, Man- chester. 2nd Prize, Somersham Samson (2496), bay; bred and exhibited by
Frederic Street, Somersham Park, Hunts. 3rd Prize, Rutland Champion (2490), chestnut; bred and exhibited by
W. H. Wright, Caldecot, Rutlandshire. Reserve Number, Bar None (2388), bay ; exhibited by James Forshaw,
and bred by Thomas Holmes, Fenwick Hall, Doncaster. Class III.—Stallions, three years old. Fifteen entries.
1st Prize and Champion Cup, Spark (2497), black; exhibited and bred
by William Rickford Rowland, Creslow, Aylesbury. 2nd Prize, Worsley Wonder (2519), bay; exhibited by the Earl of Elles-
mere, Worsley Hall, Manchester, and bred by J. Fryer, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. |
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LONDON CART HORSE SHOWS.
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3rd Prize, Samson III. (2493), bay; exhibited by East Kent Cart Horse
Society, Macknade, Faversham, and bred by J. Mott, Croft House, Littleport, Cambridgeshire. Reserve Number, Prime Minister (2479), bay; exhibited by the Earl of
Ellesmere, and bred by J. Tibbett, Doddington, Cambridgeshire. Commended, Commodore (24^), brown; exhibited by Thomas Shep-
herd, Welbourn, Grantham. Class IV.—Stallions, two years old. Sixteen entries.
1st Prize, Weston Merry Boy (2692), brown; exhibited and bred by
John Frost Hollingworth, Hill Farm, Weston-on-Trent, Derby.
2nd Prize, The Coming Wonder (2678), chestnut; exhibited by Hubert V. Sheringham, South Park, Fakenham, Norfolk, and bred by
Mr. Green, The Bank, Welshpool.
3rd Prize, Westacre Wonder (2691), roan; exhibited and bred by Anthony Hamond, Westacre, Swaffham, Norfolk.
Reserve Number, Earl of Derby, bay ; exhibited by John Nix, Outseats Stud Farm, Alfreton, Derbyshire, and bred by F. N. Smith, Lodge
Hill, Wingfield, Derby.
Class V.—Stallions, one year old. Eight entries.
1st Prize, Eclipse (2571), brown; exhibited and bred by W. H. Potter,
Lockington Grounds, Leicestershire. 2nd Prize, Conquest (2560), bay; exhibited by Hon. Edward Coke,
Longford Hall, Derby, and bred by Mr. Stevenson, Ashton, Derby- shire. 3rd Prize, Lockington, bay; exhibited by William Hallam Potter.
Reserve Number, Hassan (2591), black; exhibited and bred by Thomas
Brown, Marham Hall, Downham Market, Norfolk. The class generally was a good one. Class VI.—Mares, five years old and upwards. Eight entries.
1st Prize and Champion Cup. Black Diamond, black, seven years old;
exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley Hall, Manchester, and
bred by Mr. Lamburn, Herdwick, Bucks.
2nd Prize, Red Rose, roan, six years old; exhibited by the Duke of Westminster, K.G., Eaton, Chester; the breeder's name not given.
3rd Prize, Topsy, black, seven years old; exhibited by T. H. Miller, Singleton Park, Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire, and bred by Mr.
Goodhall, Milton, Derby.
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63 |
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PRIZE LIST.
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Reserve Number, Countess, bay, seven years old; exhibited by James
Oakes and Co., Riddings House, Alfreton, Derbyshire, and bred by George Henson, Prestwold Farm, Loughborough, Leicester- shire. Commended, Evening Star, blue roan, six years old; exhibited by
Walter Gilbey, Elsenham Hall, Essex. Commended, Flora, brown, eight years old; exhibited by Henry Browne,
St. Austell, Cornwall. Class VII.—Mares or Fillies, four years old. Eight entries.
ist Prize, Belle; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley Hall,
Manchester, and bred by W. Haynes, Hollington, Derby. 2nd Prize, Lady Whitelock, roan ; exhibited by the Duke of West-
minster, Eaton, Chester; the breeder's name not given. 3rd Prize, Chantress, chestnut; exhibited by Hon. Edward Coke,
Longford Hall, Derby, and bred by Samuel Shearwing, Repton, Derbyshire. Reserve Number, Thursa, grey; exhibited by Garrett Taylor, Trowse
House, Norwich. Commended, Hebe, bay; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley
Hall, Manchester. Class VIII.—Fillies, three years old. Thirteen entries.
1 st Prize, Bessie, bay; exhibited by Thomas H. Miller, Singleton Park,
Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire, and bred by William Shaw, Thornton, Poulton-le-Fylde. 2nd Prize, Flower, grey; exhibited and bred by Thos. Messenger,
Braddon, Towcester, Northamptonshire. 3rd Prize, Thistle, chestnut; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere,
Worsley Hall, and bred by Mr. Birkett, Flawborough, Nottingham- shire. Class IX.—Fillies, two years old. Twelve entries.
1 st Prize, Magic, brown; exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley
Hall, and bred by T. Hawksworth, Barton Field, Derby.
2nd Prize, Meta, bay; exhibited and bred by T. H. Miller, Singleton Park, Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire.
3rd Prize, a bay; exhibited by Jno. Goodman, Braddon, Towcester, Northamptonshire, and bred by Mr. Bellgrove, Swanbourne,
Winslow, Berks.
Reserve Number, Somersham Lady, roan; exhibited and bred by Frederic Street, Somersham Park, St. Ives, Hunts.
|
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"»
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64
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LONDON CART HORSE SHOWS.
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|
Class X.—Fillies, one year old. Ten entries.
ist Prize, Chance, black; exhibited by Hon. Edward Coke, Longford
Park, Derby, and bred by W. Lawrenson, Beastall, Lancashire. and Prize, Wharles Maggie, brown ; exhibited by James Forshaw, Blyth,
Worksop, Notts, and bred by Mr. Wharles, Kirkham, Lancashire. 3rd Prize, Alfreton Lassie, chestnut; exhibited by John Nix, Outseats
Stud Farm, Alfreton, Derbyshire. Class XL—Geldings.
Mr. A. H. Clarke, Mr. Wm. Wynn, and Mr. Hothersale were the prize-takers. Class XII.—Geldings, any breed under sixteen hands high.
Mr. T. H. Miller, first; and Mr. Wynn, second. |
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|
1882.
The third Show was a very successful one. Mr. Sanders Spencer,
of Holywell Manor, St. Ives, in the report which he prepared for the Society, observes that it. was "the general opinion that the Show was in every way more successful than those which had preceded it. The admirable arrangements and the thoroughly genuine man- ner in which every detail connected with the Show was carried out proved to both the public and also to exhibitors that the English Cart Horse Society's London Show was a ' going concern,' and they consequently vied each with the other to lend the Show Committee a helping hand." There is no doubt that various causes had something to do with the complete success attending the Show. The infinite good done by the establishment of the Society, and the publication of its Stud Book, cannot, however, be overlooked. There was a splendid attendance of the general public; and it was unanimously admitted that such a show, and such a company, and such a powerful demonstration altogether in favour of the Shire Horse was never seen before. The Prince and Princess of Wales, and the Princesses Victoria and Maude honoured the Show with their presence. The Judges were :—Messrs. W. T. Lamb, Wm. M'Culloch, and Joseph Waltham. The secretarial arrangements left nothing to be-desired. Class I.—Stallions, five years old and upwards.
1
ist Prize and Champion Cup, James Forshaw, Blyth, Worksop; Bar None (2388); breeder, Thomas Holmes, Fenwick Hall, Doncaster,
Yorkshire.
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C>5
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PRIZE LIST.
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|
2nd Prize, James Forshaw; Tom of the Shires (2682); breeder, John
Way, Draycott, Thame, Oxon.
3rd Prize, Executors of late W. H. Wright; Rutland Champion (2490) ; breeder, exhibitor.
Reserve and Highly Commended, James Moxon ; Pymore Glory (2482); breeder, exhibitor.
Class II.—Stallions, under 16J hands high, five years old
and upwards.
1st Prize, Sir R. Wallace, Bart.; Emperor II. (2769); breeder, J. Bent,
Manea, Cambridgeshire.
2nd Prize, Edwin J. Foxwell; Oxford Blue (1701); breeder, — Jones, Rockingham, Northamptonshire.
3rd Prize, James Forshaw; Benefactor (2394); breeder, John Fisher, Layton Hall, Blackpool, Lancashire.
Reserve and Highly Commended, E. and A. Stanford; Active (60); breeder, John Lewiu, Tetsworth, Oxfordshire.
Highly Commended, Walter Gilbey; Paragon (1707); breeder, R. Porter, Sowerby, Lancashire.
Highly Commended, Clement Keevil; Briton's Glory (2542); breeder, George Brown, Morhanger, Sandy, Beds.
Class III.—Stallions, four years old.
1st Prize, Walter Gilbey; Spark (2497); breeder, W. R.Rowland, Aylesbury, Bucks.
2nd Prize, Henry Layton Burnham; Whittlesey Briton(2694); breeder, exhibitor.
3rd Prize, Thomas Shepherd; Commodore (2413); breeder, John Picksley, Codington, Newark.
Reserve and Highly Commended, The Earl of Ellesmere; Worsley Wonder (2519) ; breeder, J. Fryer, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire.
Highly Commended, John Nix; Exchange (2421) ; breeder, W. Stanley, Kirkby, Mansfield.
Highly Commended, J. Richman ; Drayman; breeder, exhibitor. Class IV.—Stallions, three years old.
1st Prize, The Hon. Edward Coke; Conjuror (2559); breeder, T.
Flowers, Beachendon, Aylesbury, Bucks.
2nd Prize, Herbert V. Sheringham; The Coming Wonder (2678); breeder, J. Green, The Bank, Welshpool.
3rd Prize, Garrett Taylor; Invincible Wonder (2596); breeder, J. Green, The Bank, Welshpool.
F |
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|
£
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|
66 LONDON CART HORSE SHOWS.
Reserve and Highly Commended, William Wynn ; Silver Cross ; breeder,
Edward Milligan Keyston, Thrapston, Northamptonshire. Highly Commended, Captain W. H. Betts ; Oaklands ; breeder, Thomas
Coote, Fenstanton, Hunts. Highly Commended, Thomas Holford ; Spanker ; breeder, exhibitor.
Class V.—Stallions, two years old.
ist Prize, The Earl of Ellesmere; Eclipse (2571); breeder, W. H.
Potter, Lockington Grounds, Derby.
2nd Prize, The Patent Urban Manure Company ; Oak Branch (2638); breeder, T. S. Minton, Montford, Shrewsbury.
3rd Prize, John Hopper ; Whittlesea Samson; breeder, exhibitor. Reserved and Highly Commended, Robert Horsley; Naughty Tom (2853); breeder, C. Collins, Cottenham, Cambs.
Highly Commended, James Howard, M.P.; Bedfordshire Hero (2531) ; breeder, Arthur Ransom, Hitchin, Herts.
Highly Commended, Edward Holmes; Waring's Wonder (2688) ; breeder, Waring Bros., Catforth, Preston, Lancashire.
Class VI.—Stallions, one year old.
ist Prize and Lord Mayor's Cup, Charles Beart; England's Boast
(2770); breeder, exhibitor. 2nd Prize, James Forshaw; Old Times (2861) ; breeder, Robert Pen-
nington, Barton, Preston, Lancashire. 3rd Prize, W. H. Potter; King of the Trent; breeder, exhibitor.
Reserved and Highly Commended, Thomas Messenger; Braddon
Hero ; breeder, Thomas Ridgway, Buckingham. Highly Commended, Henry Freshney; Top Gallant; breeder, exhibitor.
Highly Commended, Robert Ratcliff; Derbyshire Hero; breeder, H.
Chambers, Ambaston, Derby. Highly Commended, Edward Green; Sir John Moore (2906); breeder,
exhibitor. Class VII.—Mares, four years old and upwards.
ist Prize and Champion Cup (25 guineas), Garrett Taylor; Thursa ; breeder, L. Bennett, Buckingham, Bucks.
2nd Prize, Alfred Rowell ; Bounce; breeder, John Rowell, Bury, Huntingdon.
3rd Prize, Henry Shaw; The Rogue ; breeder, J. B. Gardner, Granchester, Cambs.
Reserve and Highly Commended, The Earl of Ellesmere; Beauty; breeder, R. H. Griffin, Borough Fen, Peterborough.
|
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|
67
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|
PRIZE LIST.
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|
Highly Commended, The Earl of Ellesmere ; Bonny; breeder, John
Hollingworth, Weston-on-Trent. Class VIII.—Mares under 16 hands, four years old and
upwards. 1 st Prize, The Earl of Ellesmere; Lassie ; breeder, Whyman, Ambaston,
Derbyshire.
2nd Prize, The Hon. Edward Coke; Cinderella; breeder, Badrick, Bierton, Bucks.
3rd Prize, The Earl of Ellesmere; Derby Beauty; breeder, W. H. Potter, Lockington Grounds, Derby.
Reserved and Highly Commended, E. Jones; Smiler; breeder, exhibitor.
Class IX.—Fillies, three years old.
1 st Prize, Hon. E. Coke; Cocoa; breeder, H. Purser, Willington
Manor, Bedfordshire.
2nd Prize, W. R. Rowland; Lady Orton; breeder, E. Maule, Wark- mouth.
3rd Prize, J. Smith; Jewel Royal; breeder, W. Laurenson, Preesall, Garstang, Lancashire.
Reserved and Highly Commended, John Sworder; Olive; breeder, exhibitor.
Highly Commended, Henry Smith; Guilty; breeder, exhibitor. Highly Commended, Thomas Wilkinson; Rebecca; breeder, exhibitor. Class X.—Fillies, two years old.
1st Prize, Hon. Edward Coke; Chance; breeder, William Laurenson,
Preesall, Lancashire.
2nd Prize, The Nottingham Corporation Sewage Farm; Daisy; breeder, C. E. Winterton, Chatterton, Derby.
3rd Prize, Charles E. Ivatt; Rampton Cloddy; breeder, exhibitor. Reserve and Highly Commended, Frederic Street ; Alfreton Lassie; breeder, Goodwin, Wessington, Derbyshire.
Highly Commended, The Earl of Ellesmere; Electric; breeder, exhibitor.
Highly Commended, The Earl of Ellesmere; Edith ; breeder, exhibitor. Class XL—Fillies, one year old.
1 st Prize, The Earl of Ellesmere; Elderberry; breeder, J. Green,
Pool Quay, Welshpool. F2 |
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|
68 LONDON CART HORSE SHOWS.
|
||||||||
|
2nd Prize, Robert Ratcliff; Diamond; breeder, J. Stevenson, Aston,
Derby.
3rd Prize, Alfred A. Clark ; Chestnut; breeder, exhibitor. Reserve and Highly Commended, W. H Potter; Brown Bess; breeder, M. Wilson.
Highly Commended, Alfred A. Clark; Chestnut; breeder, exhibitor. |
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|
GELDINGS.
Class XII.—Geldings, any breed. 1 st Prize, H. Freshney; Captain. 2nd Prize, Robert Ratcliff; Samson; breeder, John Lee, Newton Solney, Burton-on-Trent.
Reserve and Highly Commended, Alfred A. Clark ; Champion ; breeder, Michael Yarrard, Pinchbeck, Spalding.
Highly Commended, Henry Lees ; Matchless; breeder, W. R. Lees, Heathcote, Warwickshire. Class XIII.—Geldings, under sixteen hands, any breed.
1 st Prize, Nottingham Corporation Sewage Farm ; Tinker. 2nd Prize, W. Wynn ; Prince. Reserve and Highly Commended, Todd Turner; Punch. |
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|
1883.
The Show in 1883 was under the direction of the following
gentlemen, and was therefore in progress while these pages were being prepared for publication. Horse Show Committee.
Gilbey, Walter, Elsenham Hall, Elsenham, Essex, Chairman.
Barford, William, Peterborough, Northamptonshire. Brown, Thomas, Marham Hall, Downham Market, Norfolk. Heaton, Capt., Worsley, Manchester, Lancashire. Smith, Henry, The Grove, Cropwell Butler, Nottinghamshire. Taylor, Garrett, Trowse House, Norwich. Stewards.
Brown, Henry, Monckton, Swindon, Wilts. Farthing, Walter, Stowey Court, Bridgewater, Somerset. Jonas, William, Heydon Bury, Royston, Essex. Tread well, John, Upper Winch endon, Aylesbury, Bucks. |
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|
"9
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|
PRIZE LIST.
|
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|
Judges.
Overman, Henry, Weasenham, Brandon, Norfolk.
Rowland, John W., Fish Toft, Boston, Lincolnshire. Smith, Henry, The Grove, Cropwell Butler, Nottingham. Veterinary Inspector.
Robertson, Professor, Principal, Royal Veterinary College, Camden Town, London, N.W. |
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|
The entries at the four Shows indicate a steady increase. The
numbers (exclusive of Geldings) were :— |
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|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total .
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
146
|
206
|
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|
-15
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
110
|
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|
*
|
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|
INDEX.
|
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|
Beaconsfield (Lord) and Clydesdales, 17.
Breed that which Suits, 21. Breeding centres, 26. Breeding Farm Horses, 23. ------, Physiology of, 23.
Brood Mares, Selecting, 11.
Cart Horse Shows, 1880, 56.
1881, 60.
1882, 64.
1883, 68.
Clydesdales, 16. Colour, 4.
Contents of Stud Books, 51.
Conveyance of Horses by Rail, 13.
Cost of Keep, 38.
Cow's Milk injurious, 31.
Curtis on Feeding, 36.
Drugs, &c, 39.
Early Breeding, 31.
England's Glory, Wilson's, 9. English Cart Horse Stud-Book Sug- gested, 14. Entries at the Four Shows, 69. Essay and Prize, 51. Essay on Rearing Farm Horses, 32. Exhibiting Stallions, 34. Expenses, Incidental, 39. Famous District, 6.
Farmer's Club Meeting, 41.
Feeding, 33.
Foaling, 28.
Food (Dry) for Foals, 29.
Good Nursing, Value of, 30.
Hereditary Taint, 22.
History of the Shire Horse, 7. |
Honest Tom (Welcher's), 7.
Hopper's Prince, 9. Horse Breeding increasing, 15. Horse Show Committees, 56, 60, 68. Howard, James, M. P., on Breeding, 23. Incidental Expenses, 39.
Insurance, 13. Judges, 57, 61, 64, 69.
King Tom, 7.
Labour, 40.
Liverpool Corporation Stud, 38.
London Cart Horse Shows, 1880, 56.
,, ,, ,, 1881, 60.
„ ,, ,, 1882, 64.
„ 1883,68.
London Farmers' Club, 41. Management of Farm Horses, 35.
Market Value, 2.
Mare and Foal, 29.
Mares in Season, 27.
Mating, II.
Mixture of Blood, A, 17.
Name of Society, 44.
Norfolk Breeders, 10. Noted Stallions, 5. Officials, 47.
Old Breeders, 4.
Old Heart of Oak, 8.
Old Type, 1.
Origin of Shire Horse, 2. .
------of the E. C. H. Society, 41, 42.
-------------Stud Book, 49.
Original Council, 47.
Original Members of Association, 45.
|
||||||
|
INDEX. 71
Slipping Foals, 28.
Spooner on the Origin of Farm Horses, 3.
Stallion Shows, 14.
Stallions for Exhibition, 34.
Steam and Horses, 41.
Stewards, 56, 60, 68.
Stud Book proposed, 14.
-------------published, 49.
Suffolk Punch, 15.
Title of Society, 44.
Valuable Mares and Fillies, 8.
Ventilation, 32.
Veterinary Inspector, 57, 61, 69.
Water, 33.
Welcher's Honest Tom, 7.
Worsley Hall Stud, 10.
|
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|
Over Feeding, 30.
Pasture, 25.
Pedigree, 25. Physiology of Breeding, 22.
Points, 11. Practice in Norfolk, 37.
Prices given, 12. Prize Winners at Shows, 1880, 57.
„ „ ,, 1881, 60. 1882, 64.
Prizes and Premiums, 13. Provisional Committee, 43. Roots, &c, 34.
Samson, 8.
Selecting Brood Mares, II.
Selling Mares, 26. Serving Mares, 27. |
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THE ENGLISH CART HORSE SOCIETY.
|
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|
Established 1878.
|
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|
The Society, numbering about 700 Members, is endeavouring to
improve and promote the breeding of SHIRE, or the old breed of English Cart Horses, and be the means of distributing sound and healthy Sires throughout the country. To collect and compile pedigrees, &c. The following are the particulars of three volumes of the
Stud Book which have already been issued to Members :— THE 1st Volume contains the Pedigrees of 2,381 Stallions,
many of them having been foaled in the last century ; the History of the English Cart Horse, and Two Essays upon the Breeding, Rearing, Feeding, and Management of Farm Horses. THE 2nd Volume contains Pedigrees of 500 Mares, foaled
previously to 1878, and 138 Stallions, with Two Essays, which will be found to contain valuable information on the Breeding and Management of Farm Horses. THE 3rd Volume contains the Pedigrees of 177 Stallions and
395 Mares, foaled before the 1st of January, 1881 ; Two Reports of the Cart Horse Shows held at the Agricultural Hall, London, in 1880 and 1881; Two Engravings of Shire-bred Geldings from old pictures, and an alphabetical List of Members of the Society up to January, 1882. THE 4th Volume Stud Book which is being prepared will
be delivered to all Members (who have paid their Sub- scriptions) by the middle of March, 1883. Members of the English Cart Horse Society, elected previous
to 1881, have the above Stud Books free. Members elected in 1882, are entitled to yd Vol. of Stud Book,
and can have the 1st and 2nd Vols, at half-price. The price of Stud Books to Non-Members, £1 is. each Vol.
|
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Terms of Membership.
Annual Members ... ... ... £1 1 o
Life Members .......... ,£10 10 o
|
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a/M
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Every FEIDAY, price 4d.
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A Chronicle for Country Gentlemen, Breeders, and Exhibitors.
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The LIVE STOCK JOURNAL is the official
organ of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Shorthorn Club, the Smithfield Club, the British Dairy Farmers Association, the English Cart Horse Society, the Clydesdale Society, and other Associations, and now stands without a rival as a Chronicle for Country Gentlemen, Breeders, and Exhibitors. Amongst the Subjects which are fully treated in The Live Stock Journal
by Eminent Practical Writers are—■ |
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HORSES,
CATTLE,
SHEEP,
PIGS,
DOGS,
POULTRY,
PIGEONS,
AVIARY,
GOATS,
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RABBITS,
PETS, DAIRY FARMING,
POULTRY FARMING, ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION, PASTURES, The Utilisation of, FISH CULTURE, NATURAL HISTORY, &c. &c. &c. |
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Terms of Subscription by Post—Three Months, 4$. lid.;
Six Months, 9s. 9d.; Twelve Months, 19s. 6d. . |
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Publishing and Advertisement Offices:
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. 4
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