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C A V A L A R I C E-,
Or
The Arte and knowledge belong-
ing to the Horfe-ryder: how hor- fes are to be handled, rid
den,or made perfc<5t,ei- ther for fenike <* plcafure. Newly corrected and augmented, j
The feeond Boc^e. By Gcruafe Maikham. I LONDON Printedby Edtv: Ailde for Edward white, andare to be fold at his {hop neere the little north doorc ofSaint Paules Church at the fi^ne of the Gun. \6i6r. |
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tvriTT.
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a?-
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To the High and mightie "Prince of
great Brittaine. WHen with feuearer iudgement 1 behelde,
The cujlemary habits of cur Natton: >f i*»< ^othi»g Ifindejofirong or vncontrold* wlgreat mm Aaes the testation.
OurV!!-CeCme$it"thatto'mmitatnournaire^ lf^¥M7eofveriue)»owdoerat/i '
»ar Ipmts v^tolouewhat you re/pea: 0 may you euer Hue to teach them thus. ^ofenobteAcleswhich gets thenoblemme, ^ythegraceyoadoetheArteandvs, ^^t-kue.Time.c^emoric^dFame, * »st many ages hence the world may f*yy *** gtuethis Arte the life fia/he re decay. |
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'GeruafeMarkharcu
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To all the Noble and famous
JHorfe-raea or Horfc-riders of this
Land.
IT may feeme in mee ( iy aftriEh conffruBion ) more prefumpthn
andbeldenejfe, then either esirt or iudgement, thustopubhjhmy rudecolltUions, and proflitute toyourcenfuring3thedefthofmy knowledge, fith [cannot let pajfe Jo jleight an error, which toy of* Will not appearemofigrejfe, and lyidifcoueredin thepla'wefinaked* ftejfe, becattfeyou\wowing aRthinges which in right fhould belong to awellaccompltjb'dRyder, are the befl able both to correal and con* demne mine errors, as hauing in yon the onely fajficiency both ofpow- er andauthority; Tttitmyhopeis}thatmyworfl[auk istherudenejfe of my Phrafe, not wine ignorance in the Art which J handle; ani though this fuhteB might hatte befeemed (fome of'you that are my Maimers) much better then myfelfe, yet face it is the fortune of my froward fpir/t, to which youhaue giuenan efpeeiall liber tie through your filettcey let me he helde excufed, and what you fhall findeto differ either frsm your owne rules, or from the fquare ofaunctent frac~tifet after you baue argued it with reafon and the nature of the faflft, of which I treate of if then you haue caufe to condemne mlt Itvillwtth allhumblenes fubmitto my punijhmentwhich
i Iperfwade my felfe fhall be ntofi charitable, bscaufe I rather defire your hues
then any other mens ad- miruiotii* 9«M?
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•^Wk
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Thejecond Booh.
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CHAP. x.
i
--------------------1--------------------------1—j------------------------------------------i —f+j——
Oft he natures and iiffofitions ofHorfes^ how they are to
leknowneb) the collours of the tierjesxand other efpecull markcs, ^^^Mk ®r as muctl as tIiet,e is
~/rSa nothing more proper or ncceffa-
rie to the Horfe ryder then the
-i&^ true knowledge and iudgemenc
iw^-^P^ of the nature, dtfpofition, com-
s^<r^^WJj^ plexion, and inclination of the
^»A * horfe,as being tneonelydore and
perfect entrance into the Arte, all
^tber waies being full of abfurditics and vnnaturali
^indenelfe, it (hall ro me fceme moft expedient to
_ cweth/» true cbarra&ers andfaces,by which a mart
a 1 Wi^ the greateft eafmefle attai'nethat: fpeculati-
n '^d&MeGrifonfohh.th&t as ahoj-fe-is coloured/^
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% *lbefecond *Bookf.
is be for the moft part complexioncd: and according
to his complexion, fo is his difpofition of good or euill qualitic : and according to the predominance or regencie of that Element , of which hee dooth mod entyrelie participate, Co for the moft part arc his humours, and addictions, and inclinations 5 for if hee 'haue moft of the earth, thenisheemelancho* lie, dull, cowardlie, and fubiecT: to much faint- neffe : and the colours incident to that complexi- on, is moftcommonlye, eytherkytc-glew'd, blacke, both fortes of dunncs, Iron-gray, or pyed with any of thefe colours. But if hee haue mod of the water, then is hee fkgmatide, and full of (loath, ilivnderfhnding, faint fpirited, and fubicd to much tenderneffe : and the colours following that com- plexion, are Chefhutte colour, Miike-white, Fal- lowedeare colour, or pyed with any of thofc co- lours. If hee haue mod of the Ayre, then is hee (anguine, free of fpirite, bolde, nymble, and plea^ fant and the colours appertaining to that com- plexion are, Bright-bay, Darke-bay, Fleabitten, White-lyard, Afhie-gray, or pyed with anie of thefe colours : But if he participate moftofthe fire, then is hee chollericke, light, free, ftirring, and full of anger : "the colours wayting on this com- plexion being Bright forrels,CoIe-blackes without whiteSjOr pyed with either of thofecolours.But thofe complexions are fayde to bee the belt, which ha- iling an equal! mixture or composition, dooth par- ticipate indifferently of all the foure Elements : and thofe colours for the moft parte are browne bayes, plaine, or dappled, Dapple grayes, Black with tib net
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7befir/lcBoo(e.
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"erhaires, or well mixte Roanes. the white Liarcf,
^vnichhath hisoutwarde partes, as the tippes of his cares, mainc, taiie, feete, and fuch like, blacke. The Athicgray which hath his feete ftryped, Gnjon alfo fr°aTnnn£lcsr as §ood complexions, and notes of iraaabie difpofuions : and from this generall opi- nion Salomon h la Brcue dooth little or not at all «i»er} for there is a ftrong rule both in nature and *ealon, that thefc colours fhould as well bee the In- vC?Sa°r Tables to dire^te our knowledges to the vtiderftandingof the Horfes diipofition, as the face rp?111 LXions °^" a man, in which we many times „!? \r VCfy fecrete workinges of his moft pri- vate difpofuions. It (ball therefore bee moft be- ftooucfull for eueriegood Horfc-man, firft, con- i a!\ < c> and with a remarkeable iudgement to bc- >oicle the colour and complexion of his Horfe, to- cher with all the fhapes, beauties, markes or >Ure5 whatfaeoer wherewith nature hath eyther a- rned or deformed him, and forfomuch as the beft J°,7 ^orfesarefo much the better, by how wu.cn they beare in their neathermofte partes'fienes goorft coi0 d Horfcs much ^^^^ ^ ^^
Par t ot their complexions, if their outermoft
r^rtes bearcanyvifible markes of blackneffe, onelv Sorr li'T Bay' y°Ur P€rfc,a Bhck*> y°ur reddG
ccd r f yout darke Che(mltte> afe much gra- 6^ th fa£miuigation Gf tbeir fiercer complexi- a* whkeC c accomPanied with any white markes, |
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"Ofc, or i3rrCi m thc facc'' whit€ tippes on--- * •_ Wlute Uvt s the. white fi^rc fa the fa
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thc
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is generally good, and giueth great hope of a good
difpofition, io it bee plaine without mixture of con- trary haires,ftand full in the midft of theforehead,and fomewhat hie a little aboue the eie-brow, the feather: ofthcfacemakinghisturnings ccuen in the midft of the whiternextthcwhitcrache downe the face is ex- ceeding good,and the fmaller the better : for if it ex- tend to^any great breadth or Iargeneffe , then is ic faidrvotto bearache,butbalde, and that is of great defed.and a figneofeuillinclination in a Horfe,inew-
inghim tobefaint5dull, and of ill memoric. The white fnippe vppon the nofe is both good and
beautifull, io it be alwayes accompanied with a ftarrc in the face, and that the fhippe befofmall thatthere appearc vponthenofenorawnefle'or want of haire, for where eyther of thofc defeats meete, there the na- ture alterech,and there is to be expected contrary wor- kinges in the Horfesdifpofition : tohaue halfe the Horfes face white, as from the nofe to the eye, or from the roote of the eare to the Ball of the cheeke the bodie being of one entyre colour, is both an euill marke, and a note of great imperfection; for white feete, fome be good fome bad, but generally all are bad,whofe whiteneffe extendeth it felfc aboue the fet- lockes,and tbe higher the worferj for nothing doth more demonftratiuely {howe weakenefTe both in minde andbodie. For white feete which arevnder the fetlockes, fome of them be good, fome bad: the good are, the white fore-foote, on the right fide commonty cald the farre fide: the white hinder-foote on the left iide,commonlycaldthe neare-fide, and both his hiiv ifcr feete white, and to haue in any of thefe whites \ blacks J
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*Ihe Second ^Booke. 5
blackcfpots, thebigneife of our EngHtTi {hilling or
toore, it is an affured figne of great courage.and much aptnes to learnc. The white heelc,on what foote foc- Uet it be,is a very good marke, and of the Italians efpe- af h!rramendcd* Thcwhitcfeste which arebadde, fc^Au' ^leneatef°ore before, rhe farre foote be- "indejboth thefore feet,the fore- foot and hinder foot oth of one fide, or the fore-foot or hinder foot croffe
«aucrfed: as for example,thc farre forefootc,and the Jarre hinder foot, or the narre fore-foote, and the far ninder-foote. To haue all thefore-feete white,to haue oth the hinder feetc white: and the farre fore-foote,
s very good,and to haue thehinder feet,and the ncare
I0re-toote is toHerable; but to haue both the fore feet and any of the hinder feet white is exceeding euill,and iacke fpots to bee mingled with any of thefe euili
^niteSi ma^c thc fignes WQrfCj andthehorfcof leffe ne 1?atl?n- 7% horfe (whofe rumpe or docke vnder- c«]l jlsfulIofwhite fpots,is moft commonlv an ex- - is flnt,S0odhorfe,ftout& indubious'> the horfethac
"ea, butenhy nature (as from his firftfoaling, or vp-
Fonthe cafting of his firft haire)i§ moft common-
for al excelienc Horfe and of the belt temper, as
vvhn? w °L parte y°ur Barh*™s arc :"but fuch a 01c Wca-bitings come through a late Foaling,oIde fpof °r °y Arte, or Ticke-byting : in them thefe ne(rs are hgnesofmuch euili, faintnefTe and weake- vPPo'n?t? d-l!lcy commonty appeare moft aboundant °nclv aK ,ldersandflankes'butifcheyaPPearc
theif coloUt his cheekes> eyes> and nofe,* holding
$ey be fi„ raore tawny or redde then ordinarie,then
- -"^ejofftubbornciTejillwilUndremfenefre,
- H " The
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6 The jecondTBooke.
The Horfe that is whalc-ey de,or white eyed, is for the
moft part threwd,; craftie, full of toyes, and dim figh- ted, chiefly when fno we is vpon the ground. The Horfe that is pure blacke, and hath no white
at all vppon him, is furious, dogged, full of mifchiefe and mif-fortunes : but if he bee browne-bay, bright- bay, chef-nut, forrell or dunne, altogether without white,he may notwithstanding, be traceable and ape in teaching, onely in his pace andnaturallmotions3he wiUbefantafticalljforgetfull andincertaine, moreor lefle according to the nature ol that element, which hath mod predominance in him: abouealithemarkes or Charrafters, which declare vatovs either the ver- tuoufneffe or vitioufnefle of a Horfes nature, there is none more plaine or infallible then the Oftreige fea- ther on each fide of the Horfes creft,for in my life time I hauenot found one horfe naturally euill^ which hath beene foaled -with that markc or enfigne j and albe thofc feathers, arc euer accountedihe beft vppon the creftj yet are they alfo exceeding good vpon any other part or member of the Horfe, and chiefly when they are placed fo as the H or fe cannot behold them: Euery H crfe by the rule of nature hath a feather in his fore* hcad,and that feather is euer the better, the higher ic ftandeth. Euery horfe likcwifc hath feathers vpon his breft, and thofe feathers are the better, the higher they afcendvpwards towards the throate : raoft hor- fes haue feathers vppon theirneckes, euen vpon the v<aine, which wee commonly ftrike them blood of,an^ they are the better,thebroader,and rounder they are' lome horfes hauc feathers vpon the pitch of their but* tockes, nest to the fettina on of..the.taik,.and thef ........-*------- "----------" hau«; |
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Thefecond ^Boo^e.
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haue amongft Horfemen becne taken for a beauty
andavertuc. Now whenthehorfcmanisableby colours to dt-
ftinguifh complexions, and by thefe markes and fi- gures,euen as it were to reade the good or euill habite of the
minde, it fhall be neceffarie for him then to be-
ll olde the fhape and proportion of the beaft : for as ftigmaticall and abortiue fhapes in a man,' prognosti- cate euill fortunes and the euents ofwickednefle3euen fovncomelyand monftrousfhapesina Horfe, aree- "er accompanied with the worft vices; nature neuer showing her felfea worthy mifireffe, bnt there where fhee imployeth the beft of her graces. Therefore to fhow the picture of a perfect horfe in wordes, albein fome refpc&s I differ much both from Gri/ia, Xeno- ?bon3 and diuers others: yet notwithstanding I will <-a«'6ut mine opinion in this difcription;and although diuers Horfe-men(myMaifters) haue fetit doWne for aPerfe6t rule, that in thefe difcriptions we fhould be- S,r» at the neathermoft parts, as the members whereon a horfeman ought fir-ft to fixe his eyes and minde;yet I n«t grounded in that belcefe, will begin with the vp- Permoft partes, as being the moftworthye, fulleft of Cauty3andofgreateft maieftiejand fo confequently to _lIreies,:hebeft,fitteftandmoftefpeciallobiecl::wher- . tc to begin with the head of a horfe,Iwould haue it Senerall leane, fo as euery vainc might be beheld in rif atIl!e P-ainneffe: his forehead large,broad,and well fm^8 in the midft,like the forehead of a Hare,for to be **iiicTf *nc* ^at>raarefacft,fhoweth dulnelTe offpiric, b]a , * aintne(fe and difabilitie: his eyes fhould be big3 Q3 round,fiei'ie3 and as it were leaping out of his H z liead: |
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8 Ibi iicond^Boof^
head: the hollownes of bis eye browes would be fi!d,
and as it were fuelling ourward : his ia^es would bee fiendcr,leane,thinneandwidea {under: his throple, big,full and round:his noiihrell wide,round and open: his mouth iarge,and hismuffel abouethencatheilipp, 'finall and (lender: his care {"mall, fharpe, and {landing vpright: if chey be long, ilender,and ftanding vprighr^ thoughtheybenotfo beautiful], yetbetheyeipeciaM notes of great life and courage : his nccke would bee long,vpright,great towards tnebreft; bending in the rnidft, and (lender at thefctting on of the head : his mayne, neither bufhic,thickc,nor too exceeding thin: for as thefirft (hawes c ulnefl'c, fo the latter fhowes too fierie madneffe, but of a reafonable and indifferent mixture,whichisaproofcbothofftrengthandaptncs; his creftthinne,hye,fjrme,and ftrongatthebottome: his withers {Tiarpe.pointed3clofe,and well ioyntediyec fo as a m.vn may difcerne from thence the motion of thcfaoulders.ihisbackefhortjplainc, broad,andof a iuftleuellsinwhofcftrengthconfifteththe beautie of all his motions : his fides long, large, and much ben- ding, with a very final!fpaeebetwisthisfhorteftribbe and his huckiebones :his filletsfhort,thicke,full,antj fwellingeeuen with his chiniie : his flanckes full and round,hauingO{lrigefeathers,rifingvp from the low-. edpartofthcirthinneiTejeuentothebottomeofhisfi1'
lets: his belly large^yet well hidden within his ribbes S his buttocke round, plumpe, and full,, without either gutter or deuiiion of ioynts, or anyvneomely appc^ ranceofthebip.pes or huckie bones: his thigheslarg^' round and biggcweiUetdowne euen to his hougheS^ hishammes Icaheand ftraight, his houghes large an : ~t "" "' - - ■ - crookW' |
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■■'— ' i ————HWW————■—»*•
The Jecond 'Booty,
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erookedlikeaStag: his legs broad,(hort,{traight and
icane: his knees greatjpiaine,and firmly knit: his fore- thighes,rynewye,Chort-bon'd, and of iuft proportion: the brawnes whereof, when he ftandeth vpright, and With his legs together, rnuft be more diftant one from another,aboue next his breft, then benath: his fhoul- derslong.large.and flefhie: hisbreftlarge,round,and hearing outward, his loynces beneath his knees great, "With io.ig feawter iotkes : his paiternes fhort and ftraight;thecrownetsof hishoofes final! and hairie; his hoafesblacke and fmooth,iarge,drie,round, and hollow: fris heeles fwelling and itraight: his taile long and hairie, butnotbufhie, but rather crifpe and thin ; the (terne whereof, fmall and ftrong, andclofe cout- ched betwixt his bnttockes: his ftones andyardc fmall andblacke without white fpots, and all his fhapesin- gcnerall, according to the proportion of his ftature, Which what horfefoeuer hath, doubtleffe hee cannot cWebutbeofgooddifpofition : fortishardtofindc a horfe of good fhape and colour, which isby nature cuillinclinde. Salomonde la Broue, is of opinion that the tempera-
tures and climes,vnder which horfe is bred, is an efc Pecialllndex to declare the nature and difpofuion of jhe Horfe, and queftionleffe his iudgement is mofte *°und: for generally thofehorfes, which are bred nea- ^totheSunne, as the tenet of Sfaine, the Barbarity . c-4rat?hn and the Turke; (by which Turke as I take j^herneaneththeG/wb : for the true natural! Turke ^e^e,isbreddein the colde partes otSitbk, and is a r 'n °'Cexceeding largeneflfc, ftrength , and fuffe- lcej buC not of afrankefpidt and courage,eqtulI
H 3 With
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I o <J befecond ^Bool^e.
with the other, are euer of more pure metcall, more
couragious valour, and more ftrength and nimble- neffe, then either the Alwaine, Flemrnmg,ox any other difcendingfrom the Northerne, colde and barraine- races: the reafon being, that the Sunne, doth with his hot bcames cxpell, difpierfe, and exhall in the firft, thole groffe, moyft, and cotrupt humors, which' the colde and froflconiealeth,. bindeth, and incor- porated! in the latter; but whereas La Broue, placeth in his firft ranke, as worthie the onely foueraigntie amongft horfes, as the fnteft feate for Kinges, and the belt renowned in battaile, the Horfe of Spaine: let mee in that take leaueto bee of a cleane diffe- rent, and contrarye opinion, and to his fuperlatiue hardliebeeintic'd to lend him a comparatiue, for if I acknowledge him faire,. Noble, gratious and braue Imuftnot fay moft, for then 1 fhall erre exceeding- ly, for if wee will ftand to the opinions of our aunci- cnt Maifters in this Arte, wee fhall finde that one faith, they bee of too flender a molde in'the hinder partes, their buttockestoonarrow, and their Iimbe$; too flender. Another faith, they bee weake and cowardly :and
a third faith, they haue bad hoofes^no pace, and bee fbrthemoftpart, ofcurft, and fro ward difpofition: and fhall this Horfe beare away the prize, both for inward or outward perfection ? But let vs compare his vertues with thefe former de-
fects: the fame Authors affirme, hce is finely made, bothofheadandbodie, full of lightneffe and quick- nefTe, ftrong, and able for the induring of trauell,, snd infwiftneffe exceeding, not onely. the Varthpns^ but
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1 he jecond "Boo^e. U
bm: all other horfes whatioeuer. Truely iri fhape
they are not of any thing comparable with thejrnea- neftinmanye Enrbtries^ and for their fwiftneffe, it is not to bee (poke of, chiefly in long courfes, where theinduranceof lobouristo bee approued, in com- parifonofmanyofthemeaneftof our Englifh races; of which we haue fpoke more amply in the former booke: but to come nearer to our times, and to bring ©urbeftproofes from our owne experiences, I ha tie my felfe beheld fome of the Spanijh Studdes, their. Mares, Colts, and Horfes, and for mine owne parr, I haue not fcene any whereat to admire : many I haue beheld ofvncomely molde, loofe and ill ioynted; lhauefeene fome ferue in the field, and haue noted in tbem greatfearefulneffcjchicflic at the fight of fire; fome i baue ridden, and albe I haue found them trac- table enough, tmicke fpirited, and fullof vigor, yet bauel found them with all fantafticall, apifh, apt to *orget,and prone to reftifnes vpon theleaftindifcreti- on,fo that I conclude, the Ienetis a good horfe,butnot thebeft:wkty,but not of the beft vnderftanding:fierce but not ofthe moft approoued valour: before whome I prefer(as moft principall)the Courfer of mples-.nexz them, our Englijh baftard Courfers, and true Evg- ''/£bred horfes. Then the Greeke, next the Barbane, ar>d then the Spaniard : andallthc(e, are for the moft Part either of wellcompounded & mingled complexi- °"s,orelfe Sanguine, or Chollericke, which makes *. m apttolearne, able to performe, and leaft defer- ^ng the furie, either of torture, or correction.v And !s muchforihe diftin&ion of complexions, and the - §ement by markes and ffiapes of the inward H 4 difpofitions, |
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i-i ^Ibe jecohd'Bmkf.
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difpofitions, which the borf-man muftcorrect accor-
ding to his experience in pra&ife. CHAP. s.
The vfe and benefite of the chmne Cauezan, Head-
fir ainet Mufrcll^ and Martingati. CJuezzanna^oi the ancient/T4/m»j was taken both
for the Chaine,Hcadftraine, Mufroll, and that to which heerein Enghrtd we giue no other attri- bute but Cauezan^ or any other binding filler ouer the nofc of the Horfe, to which was v fed anyreynev whether leather or corde5 but time bringing forth diners pradYifes, and thofe pra&ifes fundrie experi- ments, not formerly knownc : Wee haue not onely altered the names and titles, but euen the vfe and ma- nerof imployment: theolde 5\^ ,*/><?//? 4#.rwhich>were indeedetheSchoole-maikrsto all Chriftendomc in the Arte ofhor!e-manfhip>vfed for their Cattezan, no- thing but a plaine halter offtrong welltwoiind corde,., the Mujroll^ ovNifebandybchiglat leaft foure cordes broad, well fow'de together with ftrongPackthreed, with two noozes or loops; through which a Jong' reine croffe wife paiTeth, fo as by pulling or ftray- ningir, you may pinch the MufTell of the horfe, and force him to bring in his head, andfhewe obedience without further compulfion, theifigure whereof is this which is here prescribed. There is no queftion but this marver of Caucz-m was
iiHiemed to exceeding goodpurpofe, and was found |
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T________3______________~_________1
ot great vfc and eftirnation arnongft the Neapolitanes^
bothbyreafon of the readabili- ty of thofe horfeSjtheir excelien- cie of ftape (wherein nature doth giuc them all the poffible helpes which may bee to the at- taining of their perfection) and theirquicke apprehenfion of e- Mery correction ioyned with the moderation, arte,patience, and «S the induftrious labour of the "g skilfull Horfe-man; bur when it $ °nce armed with; vs in England, ^ Where the Horfe mans charge-w- confided, both of Neapolitan * couriers, Spani/h tenets,Flemings, $ Frizends, and our owne EnghfJj 1 Mares:there this manerof Ca- ^ *<*>** was founde, fometimes'g Jprotigh the naughtie and rebel- lious difpofitton cf the horfe9 ■Jpm«im«s through naturall de- h&s, as either in the fliortneffe c-f necfec3 ftraitneffe of chaule or «i)lneile of fpirit, to bee of too N 6r«at lenirie or gentlenes : Whenc fprang the indention of pother Caue&m more full of 0°rrmcnts and therefore reputed aut^Ucn more efpeciall vfe or |
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0w.eth in the next page,
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7h&-
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!£ The JecondlSwke.
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The cAuezanmzdz'm fafhion of a Chained ia our
Enghfkphrafe commonly called ;theChaine,was much accoun- ted of amongftprincipall horfe- \ men, and found a fufficient cor- rection for horfes ofmoft feue- ralldifpofitions', for being vfed with a temperate hand, without extreame haling or pulling, ic makes the horie light before, firme and iuft in his turning, brings his necke into his true ^ compaiTe, and fetleth the head -3 without any inpeachment of the ^ |
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mouth : but when this cauez,mchaine came into the hands of
the ruder, and more vnskilfull, who wanting patience to let the horfe knowe his fault before be- |
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fore they corrected him for his •>«
fault,or being as frantick in their corrections as the horfe wilful! in his obedience , they haue with their extreame pulling, or hanging vpon the reines of the cauex.au (which commonly are broad thongs of leather) held him in fuch a continuall tor- ment, that the Horfe neither vnderftanding his riders mea- ning, nor able to indure the punjflimentjhath falne to fuch |
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lfall
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The fecond <Boo^e.
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___________________________.__________________ ^ i
retted & hung his head vpon the mezan, albe the rider
did pull or hale neuer fo ex-
treamely : which fault when
the nber perceiued in the horfe
™vv°uldnot behold in him.
Kite, forth with,he began to in- dent torments of greater and njore violent nature, holding *nis ethnick opinion that the greateftfeare begat the greateft obedience ;& hence came this 1| otherchaincM0fg*0,the figure * ^hereof is hecrereprefented- Is *nc linkcs which goc oner the § J° e being made hollow.' and "t f"H of fharpe teeth. *' "* Th is Cauezxtn I h au e ken very |
podhorf-men vfe, but with «
"cna temperate & Lady- foft a 1
and3thatinmyconceitean*lke ^
g^ter would at any time hauc ^ ccnc as painfuLMany hauc at-
pouted the inucntion of this.
bulr cmezan to Signier Vrojptro,
fc^ • minc OWne Part I hauc.
^ " Vfed before his corn- ^myftcon°rtCrpurre5yec
vo»t«ilc. irojgero was j ^*~
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•anofli
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7heJw'jnd(Boo{e.
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moft tyrannous and cruell rydcr, and outof the depth
of his knowledge in horf-leach craft (in which he was moft fa- mous ) would aduenture fundry bloody ftratagerns and cruelties, beyond reafon. And as touching xhtcme&tm which hee moft vfed, it was more cruell then the for- |
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mer, and made after this figure.
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^5!
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Thiswx ># or chainethus made
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withthefe turning rowles,byrea- ^
fonof tbefextreame crueltie ther- | of ,as it made (orae hoi fes of (loth- "§ full, dogged & rebelliousdifpofi- \ tion,more obedient and louing,of § more tractable natures whereby ^ the rider tooke forae delight, and j| "fiope in his trauell:So it made hor- jg fes of free, quicke, and apprehen- ^ fiuequalitie, oft times defperate, ^ and ib. oppofite to «all the good « hopes which their complexion g ^romifed, that nothing feemed § more impoffible, then what ap- « peared in reafon eafie; and the V^ oftneritfohapnedwhen fuch vio- lent corrections came into the handsof fuch horfmen, who exer- cifed the fame more from the tradition and vfe of others, then from any cerraine knowledge in fhemfelues, of the nature and .qualitfc
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The feccnd Too^e, 17
*- ■ 1 —-
"quality of fuch extremities; for my felfe haue diners
times ieene & argued with fundrie horf-men, whom I haue beheld ride with thefe cruel Cauezatts,of the reafon and cauie of that extraordinary terror ,who could yeeM menoiatisfadHonbutthis : that fuch and fuch good horfmen did vfe them,and therefore they (forgetful!, that whofoeuer will be any mans Ape in fuch prattifc muft necciTarily haue his* judgement, his temper of hand^nd his discretion in gouernment) haue them in pra&ife;forasamongftScriucners, he which hatha heauie hand muft write with a hard pen j-hee that hath alightjwhh afoft: foamongfthorfmen^hethathatha iudiciall temperate hand, may draw good effects from cruell inftruments 5 but he that hath a rough and ftub- borne feeling, cannot haue his inftruments made with too great foftnefle and gentlenefte. Hence it came to paflejthat our bellhorfemen, feeing the euils which thefe euilCauezamdid beget by the roughnes of their owne fhape, and by the indifcretion or the barbarous handler: but moft ofallby reafon ofthe reynes of fuch Cd«fz>vw.f,which being alvvayes broad thonges of lea* thcr running croffe-wife through the eies of the two on tmoft rings,when they were once drawne ftraighr, albe the rider did afterward esle his hand, yet would »ot the reynes recoiie or giue apeafraenc- to the hor- ftsgriefe,but heldcbiminacontinuallpaine : which c°nfidercd,they forthwith inuented an other Cauezw 0' two peeces of Iron writhen about,which is nothing- lo cEueil as thefe former Ghaines, and made the; ^aynes thereof, ofakintle of (oft twound rope, being lnickne{Teasbigas anordinarie Gart-roapes which tUllningcrofTe.vvile through the ringes, did no longer
holds
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18 ^Ihefecond cBoo{e.
holdethc Horfeinpainc then the hand did pull, but
with euery eafe of thehand, rccoyled and gaue eafc and libertie to the horfe fo pained.The figure of which Cmzart isthis. TheWrythgn Cduet&m,
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Thiskindeof C<tttf£240 put both the head-ftraine^
and chaines out of all vfe,and as it is,and hath beene e- ucr feene that our Engliih nation is euer moft adidted to ftrangers and ftrange trickes ; So now this and none other was reputed moft perfc&iand moft exquifite: which when Pf^^r^perceiucdj and fawe the adi&ion of our natures,which efteemed that beft for which we could giue the leaftreafon of goodneflc : heeroorth- with inuented anotherCauez&au made of twopeeces •f yron, hollowed and ioynted in the midft, full of teeth, Ion| and fliarpe like a Horfe-Combe, with raynes of rope like the former fa/hion, of which this is the Cmxfdn that folio weth. |
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tht
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Yhe Jecond cBooke. 19
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Ihe Cauezanpftwo pews.
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15'
almlofteCWas no foonerfeenetovfc thisa«^^when
ganfQ J),e^Tlanthatvvould fecmea horfeman, be-
f^ion Wlth to aPPrf his Horfe in his new Kalian
■-- : 5?5 arguing the vertues or the vices of the
iafti'umenta:,
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2,o *Ihe fecond^Booke.
inftrumenr, but onely the quaintneflfe and flrange-r
neffe,fo that euery one could not imagine faults, and imperfe&ions in all the former Caui&ws, and now this onely was good and no other: and this was for a long time in fuch vfe, that not any man almoft was feene to ride without them: which when Profpero perceiued to be (b much diuulged, and grow Co general!, #4&j»-like beingiealous of his honour, andfeeking onely to be particular (like the Souldior which renownft his ownc difciplinc, becaufc it was made common amongft the vvildc/r/^)refus'd the vfe of this Cduezw^nd inuented an other of the fame fadiion, and with the fame like reines only.it was compounded of three peeces,which made it more plaint about the hor fes nofe, and by that meanesmore fulloffharpe correction. The figure gvhcrcjgf is this which folioweth. |
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7, he fecund T>oo%e.
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21
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TheCauezan of three petces.
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With
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ii 7 kefecond cBool{e.
With this Cauizan I haue feene him ride many.
times,and in his right hand a hammer, wherewith hee would ftrike the Caue&m into the Horfes nofe, by which mcancs I haue feene many jfoule Farcions, and other cankerous fores breede in the Horfes face, which fore he could eafily heale, heleffe refpeclcdto hurt, but thofe violences I abfolute!yholdbrutifh,and ineucryruleoppofite to all art and Horfe-manfhip* Now to come to the experience of thele latter times: we doe finde all thefe Chaines and Cauezans formerly exprefled to be good, Co they be gouerned by art, and according to thepropertie ofeach of their feuerall na- tures, for which they were inucnted, yet Salomonda la Broue will allow (at leaftcommendeth to our memo- ries) none but the three laftCauezans, and the firft plainechaine,betwecnewhomeandmeeis this diffe- rence, that I allow none of them all, but in cafes of great extreamitie, where the fuflFerance of euill hath broughtchehorfeto ahabitofeuill, fothat ordinaric meanes being taken away, there then remaineth no- thing but extraordinarepraclife : for that they fhoule be as he pretendeth,Iike the fwadling clouts to a child: the firft garments a Colt fhould weare,l holditmearo ly againft the Arte of-Horfemanfhip, and againft the greateftfubftanceofhisowne precepts: for if as hee prefcribftth,and all arte teacheth, we areto fortifle out* Horfes vnderftanding with all manner of meekenes, lenitie,and patience^and that we miift in no fort begirt to correct till we be allured of fome apparant & groflc vice:then muft ive lay afide thefe inftruments,which e> lien punifh in the very wearing before the mans hand •come £0 be iaide vppon them. For firfl thepeeces and ioyntes
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*7 he Jecond Tloofe. z5
'
ioyntes of which they confift being fo plyantandbyn*
ding about the nofe andcheekesofaHorfe, together with the fharpnes of their teeth, euen in the fence of, reaibnmuftbrccde much griefc to the Colt, ifeithcir the Ryder hauefceling of the Colts head, or the colt a fence of his rydershandj and for the one to be without the other was neucrfecne in goodHorfe, nor good Horfeman,nor can the fine temper of any mans hand be a lawful! cxcufe for thefe beginning crueltiestwher- foreifit wcrefo as this frcnch Gentleman fuppofes, that a Colt fhould be firft traind vp with the Cauezan, Which I can neuer allow in my Height iudgement, yet none of thefe three holde I tollerable : butratherthc Cauezan which confiftethall of one intyre peece, ac- cording to this figure following. |
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TbtCi-
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24. *Tbe JecondTjooke
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7heCau£z*!<.n.
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In this Cmtzati, neither is the teeth filde fharpc fo
as it can much pricke the Colt.neither is the fubftance foplyant that it can binde the correction longer then is the will of thcryder,butas his hand abateth, fo the paine vanifheth,fo that J conclude,ofal thefe Cattezans this is the worthyeft to begin with,if there were not a better way of beginniug alreadie knoyvne and ap- proued,and the other to folio we, either as vice, ftub- borneffe, or reftie qualities, fhallgiueoccafion, or as the defects in naturall proportions,(hall inforce a man to more violentpradife. |
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'Ihejecmd cBoo%e. 25
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Thevfeof all the fe head ftraines, chayncs and Ca-
«<?a4»j,onlytendeth toonetpurpofe,which is but to af- fure and make firme.the hcad,to bring a horfeto light-. nes,and as it were an inward delight of his o wne com- lines,and to preferue the mouth in fcnfible and tender feeling, which being either dul'd, or hardned, there ftraight folio weth difobedience, frenzie and diforder. But that it worketh all thefc, I haue both feenc the pontrarie/in others; and found it in mine owne pradi- ice ifor where a Horfc is naturally light headed/orget- fulI,orfantafticall, or where the Horfe hath a thicke fhortnecke, and a ftraite narrowe chaule ; there a Wan may with the Cauez>a»and plaine cannon,beftowe much arte and more labour 5 but (hall hardly ey'ther bring the one to a ftayednes,otthe other to any come- "nes ,napure being a ftronger Miftrefle then art,of fuch weake playnnes: and I doe well remember a Gentle- man, whoatthisdayinthiskingdome, is not reputed much inferior to the beft Horfe-men, who rid a fhort- neckt courfer,aboue two yeares with the Catte&att and Plain cannon, yet brought him to little better per- fection,then at the firft day of his backing, when the *atneHorfebeingbroughtto the moft famons Gen- *Jeman,and worthy all praife-full memerie, Maifter Thof»as Story of Greenwich, was by him in iefife then £nchalfeyeare made the moft principall beft doing "orfe which came vpon the Black-heathy and my felfe at .■^tinftant riding with him,did fo diligently obferue othhisart, hisreafons, andhispradife, that euen 0rn that man and that Horfe, I drew the foundation |
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" ground of my after practife.
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rint,mgin thevfeof the
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CMe&tWi fomuch infuffici-
encie, |
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i6 clhefecondcBool{e*
encie,loffe of time and libertie to diforder,that I dare
confidently maintaine, itis neither the beft nor fecond way tobringahorfe to perfection: if then I /hall be queftioned what I doe prefer before the Cauezan, as the firft-inftrument to bring a horfe both to beauty and obedience, my anfwere abiolutely is, the Mufrole and the Martingale,which how euer it be either vna/Iaydie, or vnremembred in the Italian or Trench pra&ife, yet I am well afiured itis of much better effetl,and hath brought foorth moe better examples of perfect arte, thenthey haue either deliuered vs in their writinges, or we haue beheld in their pradh'fe: But in afmuch as no man hath writ againft itjj will imagine all men hold with it, and not goe aboutto defend,what none in the Arte 1 thinke will impugne. The Mufrole therefore would be made after the fafhion of the writhen Caue- zan, onely it (hould be of one peece after the fafhion of this figure. The {JMuJrolt*
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This Mufrole muft be couered with a ftrong leathei*
and a buckle at one end to buckle vnde| the horfes chaps*
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Ihefecond ISooke. 27
chaps, like the nole-band of a Brydle : then muft a
Jiead-ftalibeioyned vnto it, to goe ouer the horfcs head. As touching the Martingale, it would be made of very ftrong leather, with two buckets, a foote diftant oneirom another, after the fafhion of this fw gure. |
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<-ot"'# ZZ^^E.
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This Martingale mufthaue the the fhorter end thereof
buckled to the Garthes vnder the Horfes bodie, and (a brought betweenehis lore-legges to his head,and the longer end buckled to the no(e-band of the Muf-role, vnder the Horfes neather chaps. ThevfeofthisMufroleand Martingate, iscokeepe
certaine andfirme a Horfes head from to(fing,fhaking wrythingor fuchlike Antick countenances: it rayfeth vpthenecke,bringethinthehead, and fafhioneth the reyne :it keepeth a Horfe from plunging, rearing alofte, or running away: and to conclude, doth that good office, and breedeth that tra&abilitie in two dayes (albewitha meane Horieman) which the Cauezan or the Chayne will hardly effect (though with the beft Artes-maifter)in two monethes: fo that I conclude, and dare without oftentation or ambition prepofemyfelfeagainftany man ofcontrarie opini- °n>toniakemy Horfe fooncr and more certaine with the Mufrole & Martingale,then he with the Chaine or I c^ Cauex>a#3
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2 8 The /econdcBoo^e.
CauezMihow euer his eftimation doe precede my for-
tune and obfcuritie. The place or feate for the Muf- role is vppoii the ftrength and raidde part of thchorfes nofe, vnderhis eye more then a handfull, and aboue the tender griflle, about fome two inches or there- abouts. Grifon from whence all Horfe-menj and all nations
hauetakenagreatlight, both of their Art and impu- tation, feemeth to giue the leaft allowance to thefe, ehieflie the Martingale, which heefteemethas a cor* re&ion,. andthereforedoothlimmite the vfe to cer- taine perticular and neceflfarie times, and not to any generali benefit •, the reafon whereof I holde onely to bee this: Euaf}geli/?a,who wasthefirftinuenror there- of, vftng it alwaies to correct fiich Horfes as would rcarevpright, and flye oner and ouer; Grifon, not wil- ling to be beholden to any mans pra&ife but his owne,. notproouingthc other benefits-, was vtterly ignorant of the vermes, (this for which u was itiuented, being thelcaft of all other) and fo like one of our o!de Bel- founders that neuer knewe how to melt his mettall,, but by the force of a p3ire ofBellowes; thought it im - poffibie that the new inuenred furnaces fhould bring any profit: but had ourMaifter Gryfon once pur it in practife, [ doe not thinke cither chaine or Cauczaa- would haue held with him any di: ration. NowfortheMtifrolc, i! demnethexcee-
Singly, andtofpeake truely, kdefcrueth all his com"
mendations rand this fhsil infcicz touching the know- ledge and vfe of the CM4&W.» |
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Hew to mike & Celt gentle, how to bring him to
blocksy and of the firji Bridle and Saddle. Did in my firft Treatife of Horfe-manfTiip which I
_| writ many ycares fincc, for the fleight taftes or effayes, to feafon the knowledge of a young Gen-
tleman, my moftefpeciall friend, anddeerekmfman, let downe a method how to tame and make gentle a Colt, being come to full age, fitte to weare a Saddle, 3s namely of three yeares and feauen Monethes, or atfoureyearesatthemoftj atwhichtime hk ioynts Will be knit3his ftrength cornplcate,and his vnderftan- "'^g fit to entertaine inftru&ion, and both ofXenophon, G>i/on , Baptifta, and la Brette, and all Horfe-men "ought the time mod conuenient,and in the felf-fame °pmion I ftillconfidently doe continue : which was,, hat hairing houfed your colt, and with goodftrength ^ndhelpe, got a chafe-halter made offtrongHempe, ^'ith thereincaboue three fathome long at the leaft,. "h the gendeftmeanes that may be vpon his head:
^hen y0l, offer to leade him forth, if he offer (as it is ^°ft likely)he will either to leape, plunge, or runne a- ^ay3 that then with ftrong and fharpc twitches, you ink ^is nec!<cr ^ maimer his head, in {uch fort that fl!tq . ende the fmallcftfrraine of your hand may be Cn L ^^hrlng him bac.k,and'inforcehim to obedi- -e-1 his n-ipijringof hishead with tliehaker,brings 1 J, ,. him;
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3o The JecondcBooke.
him to feare and obey the man, make him tender to all
other corre&ions^and allures his keeper when he (hall leade him in his handor bring him to his rider. But if he be fo ftubborne that he refufe to leade,and
onely hangethbackc, then let fome ftanders by vrgc him forward, by threatning him with their voyce, which tf he preuaile not,then let one with a rodde giue him a fmarkeyerlcor two,till he preffe forward$whkb~J ifhedoetoo»haftily,orwithtoo fuddaineafuric,you (hall twitch him backe with the chafe halter, and vpoti eucry inftant that he doth any thing orderly, or plea- fing to your minde, you mull not forget to cherifh him,both with fweete words, and by gluing him fom- thingto eate.Aftcr he will leade a turne ortwo gently, you may fet him vp in the ftable, take off the chafe hal- ter,and put on a fmooth coller: let his keeper euer bee trifling and doingfomething about him, rubbing and handling hina moft, where he is moft coy to bee hand- led,mingling gentle wordes,and kindeipecchesin all his doings,till with your modeft cnrtefie,without'any fuddaine affright or rafhneffc, you haue made him Co tra£rableythathcwilfafFerthekeepertohandlehimin the moft ticklifh partes, to let his feete be taken vp and (hod andeuery conuenient member to be vfed accor- ding as you fhallthinkenecelfarie,which with labour, patience and gentleneffe, will foone bee brought t° pafie, where as furie,rafhnefTe, and fodaine appro** chings,arethefirftmeanes which makes ahorfelearnc toftartjftrike^itcandtake diflikeeuen in his keepers countenance.AfteryourhoTfcisthus mand,and made gentle to be dreft, fhod, and handled, you (hall thef prefentvnto him the Saddle, which how cuer Griff*1*, opinio11
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The feccnd Toe^e. 31
opinion is it ftiould only at flrft be but a pad of ftrawc
Without any t ree,for feare of hurting: y et I hold it nei- ther to be difproportion in arte, nor offence to the horfe, if at firft you feta fufficient and feruiceable Sad- dle, made in proportion and fafhion anfwcrable to this figure. ThenarftftSdhk*
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31 The fecond cBoo^,
This Saddle when you firft prefent to the Horfe,'lec
him fmell to it: then rub his fhouldcrs with it,h is fides and his buttocks, and fo breeding acquaintance by de- grees, and with faire and gentle wordes, in the end fet itvponhisbacke: thentakeitorf, and fee it on againe twice or thrice before you let it fettle, continually gi- uing faire wordes,and cherifhing the Colt: in the end fetitonftrme, and place it rather forward then back- ward, except the horfe by imperfecltfhape be too ex-dl treamely lowe before, which your eye muft iudgc and diftinguiih; for it is a rule, that the more forward the Saddle ftandes, the more grace thehorfeman gaines. This done,v\ith the help of another groome that may deliuer the girthes, let theSaddlebe girded on; at the firft fo gently that he may no more but feele the garths; then by degrees drawing them from hole to hole,(trai- ter and ftraiter, gird it of fuch a reafonable faftnefTe, that it may neither mooue when he goeth, nor pinch him when he either ftraines himfclfe, or breatheth : this once finished, lettheftiwops (which all this while fliould be buttond vp clofe) be let downe, that they may dangle and beate vpon his fides as he goeth, to make him acquainted both with the Stirrop and Lea- thers, and fuch like implements. Now for that the Stirrop is arf inftrument of efpe-
ciallconfequenceit this Arte, as beeing the ground, ftrength,andftay of the horfemans legges,fometimes a helpe in the horfes lefTons; fometimes a correction for his flouth or errors: and generally the fole grace or ornament of the mans faire ieate and comelinefife, it fhall nor be amifle forme to fhewe the true fhape and proportion of the right and well fafhioned Stirrop>
which
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'Ihefeand^Boo^. 33
^'hich hitherto for the mod part, and of rood men
hath beene infinitely neglected, fome making their Stirrops of fiich an cxtraordinarie waight, compaffe 2nd greatnefle, that it is almoft impoffible for any man to holde them vpon their feete in any fault orleape a- boue ground, or in any fwift or double turnings : I baueieene fome whofe feete and ankles haue runne ^^uite through the Stirrops, to the great danger of the
%fen, and the diflikeof the beholders.
Some other Stirrops I hauefeene alfo made,of fuch
ar> immeasurable ftraitneffe, that when an armed man (hauing^mjtf^vpon his legges,hath put in his foote, he could not without much difficukie, fhake it offa- §aine,in fuch fort that fhould either the horfe by mifc chance hauefalne,or the man beene ouerthrowne, his *cggesbeingfaft in the Stirrops, there had beene no ^eanes ofpreferuing his life: which to preuent,! wilh **1 Stirrops to be made after the fafhion of this figure following in the next page. |
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34- *The fecond^Booke,
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Zhe perfect Stirroj).
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Which bearing his com pafle, or bowe out in the
midft^ndlikewifebothftraitned at the bottome, and the top,giueth the foote a perfect liberty to goe in and out at pleafure; and yet his rtiallownefre giueth the man that certaine and fureholde, that it can neither at any time fhake off againft his will, noreafilie Aide ps-ft the hart of the feote, which is euer the moft cer- taine part which (hould reft vpon the ftirrop; where on the contrarie part, thofc ftirrops', which in former tirae3and cucn at this prcfent are generally in vfe, be- ing |
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The fecond ISooke. 35
Jngmadein the fafhion of a Scutchion, turned the
Wrong end vd ward, and made by a direcl: line,either of ©ncwideneffe, oroneftraitneffe, and fuch a large di- ftance betwixt the top and the bottome, and the rider hath no Aire foote-hold therein, but by extreame prek fing or treading vpon it3whereas indeed he ougbt3buc( to appeare to touhh it and no more,keepingoneIythe * Stirrop-leather ftraight and no further; wherefore for *y©ur fatisfadion and that you may auoid the vfe ther- eby ou fhall beholdc the fafhion of the euill Scirrop in lbis figure following. Thetu'tff Stirrope,
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->& The'Jecond^Booi^e.
; Now as touchingthe perfect Saddle,and theperfe&
Snrrop,both which 1 haueformerly expreiTed and fi- gurcd,theyare allowed generally ofallhorfemen,and by La Brsue in his booke of precepts, principally com- mended and figured 5 wherfore by fome Hullo wfence beftpleafed in fault-finding, it may be alledgcd,that I rob him of his figures, anddepriuehim of his Inuen- tion; Truly for the figures, I would our Nation wera fo induttrious, that they would cutthem in fuch per*' fection as his are,which queftiOnletTeare the belt done J haue feene; or our Nobilitie andGcntrie fo much in- amoured in the Arte, that mens paines and arts might not be mifregarded; Hire it would auaile much to their more vndcrfhndir it for the inuention of the Saddle,f lire it is,it w;.. neither La Brmcs3 nor mine buE
were long befoi-e wee were, of much vfeamongft the ancient Italians, and with vs here in England'm the time of Siguier Profpero of efpeciall eftimation, infomuch that amo'ngft our Horfemen, and Sadlers, they were and are ftiil called Profferes Sadies. Now for the Stirrop,! caufed of them to bee mads
aboue/.irf. yeeres agoe, when I was deepe in the pradife and vfe of riding hunting horfes, and running horfes. Where noting well the faftiion and propof tion of thofe Stirrops, which we found moft commo' dious for that pra&ife,which arc thofe we can hold fa* fteft in the horfes running or leaping, and the foone# fhakebffinextremitiewhenhefalleth: Ifoorth-wid1 from the model of the hunting Stirrop,caufed the li^ in proportion(thoiigh ftr6hger,and of more maffioes) to be made for the great horfeSaddlcand found the151 better & more ecrtaxne then any I had before andured* • not
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QIheJecond cBoo\e. 37
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Now to proceede to my purpofe; when your horfe
Js thus rrun'd, fadled, and firmely gyrt, your crooper. fore and ftrongly buckled, and your ftirrops of their cuen and due length, which (according to the opinion QUABrouej I would haue the right-foote fttirrop a thought fhorter then the left, becaufc when a man enr counters his enemie with his Launce, hee muft a little lean to his left fide5putting his right flioulder the m ore J°rwardj or when he encounters with thefword, the lifting vp of his right arme to raife his bio w,makes him cafe his right foote ftirrop, and tread the firmer on his *cfi: for thefe and fuch other like reafons,it is found fit *o i?>ake the left ftirrop the longer. When this is done, you fliall prcfent vnto your horfe the bridle which hec wearc,w»ich according to the opinion of my ^z\&cxGriJonftio\A&hethzCauez»ifi head-ftraine, for **e vtterly difallows the byt at thefirft riding,tila horfe c3n trott forward,and turne readily on both hands: U ^o'-te, he would haue the Ctttezm chainc plaine with • £uc teeth, which indeede is more generally good, for pUing in it more force of correction, it bringeththe lQoner and eafier obedience: both haue beene and arc £ood in their kindessand diuers horfes I know will ride *s obediently with them, as with bytt or any other in- , ention: for, for mine owne part, I once rid a blackc j,aftard Courfer, which was afterwards giucn to the jrarIeof Ejfex, in whom I found that tratfabilitie and ^nfeablenefTe,that before I euer put byt in his mouth, c Would haue fet a turne on both hands,either double
0 <Jnj=*e> managed faire, ordoneanyordinarie Ayre
alt meet for a horfe of feruice: but when he came
jcare a byt,I found his mouth fo exceeding tender,
K and
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38 Thefecond^Boolte,
and out ofthegreatneffe of his courage, I found him
euery way fo apt vpon the leaft torment to difprder&j growe frantickjthat I condemned my felfe,and found Itwasacourfetofpend a double time for one finple horfc making : wherefore, differing both from Xem- fhen^Grifon^U Brcue9 and others, I onelyrelie (as vpon the fureft rock and foundation layer of this Arre)vpon my famous maifler, maifter Thomas Storie^ who was fo exquifite in euery perfection of horfmanfhip,that ma- ny at this day,who would difdaine to haue other ranks then amongft the beft Horfemen, were but groomes and leaders of horfes to hisfchoole,and onely attained their skils by beholding, and obferuing his pradtife, their eyes and memories being their beft fchool-mai- fters.-and according therefore to his rule;I would haue you put vpon your horfes head, the MufroU befortf prefcribed, which done, you (hall put into his mouth, (hailing it faftned to a ftrong head-ftal,and with ftrong reynes of broad leather) a Trench, inthicknefleasbig as a Cannon of the fmalleft fize: which for your bettef infiruciionjyoumay behold in this figure. |
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Tkt Trench.
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KotvvitW
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The fee end 'Booke. 39
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NotwithstandingIhaue fcene, who rather to mend
tfie intemperance of their owne hands, then for any uift.fault belonging to the Trench, haue in ftead thcre- ofvfedapJaine watringfnaffle,made according to this figure. The otitfde ef the WAtringfruffle.
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the infideoffk mtrwgfmffle
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&ut this warring waffle I cannot allow for any other
v'e then to lead a gentle horfe,or to tie vp ahorfe with- ^>duringthetimeofhisdrefling, or for the groom© °ryde a ridden horfe withall3 when there (hall be oc- f* |0n to fwim hira in the warer,as when he licth in the a l ^r atfuch times which is moft wholfome. For to "Pv it according to the nature of the trench3tt ia too
K i\ fmooth,
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Ao The Jecond''Boo^
fmooth,and doth rather dead and dull the mouth,then
preferue it in any Ccn fablefceling: for etiery horle na- turally,when he lhaU feele the gentleneffe thereof,will hang vponit, andwhenanycaufcof contentionfhalt growe between the rider and the horfe,rather rebell a- gainft it, then go about to obey it: the trench therforc 1 conclude to be of all things moil fit for the mouthing ofa yong Coltat his firft riding. The trench being put on^ which you muft not forget at the firft putting on, to annoint with honie and fait, that the colt may take pleafure thcrein,you (h ill then take the Martinga!,and buckling the one end vnder the horfes breft,you fhall buckle the other end to the neatherpartof theMuf- roll,but at fitch large length, that neither in the toffing vp of his head,nor in thrufting out his nofe,he find any impediment thereby: which done, you fhall make the Groom by laying his hand on thcleft fide of the Muf- roleto leadehimtotheblocke, which ihooldeuerbff placed nearevnto fame euen wall, Co that the horfe might be lead alongft the wall to thcblocke: but if he bcoffuchaflegmatick or melancholy difpofuionthac either he refufe to leader to approach vnto the block, you fhall flrft (according to the opinion olUsBraue) forcifie him with incourageraents, faire wordes, clap* pings,and ftrokings; but lfitauaile not, then you fhall caufefome by-ftander with a rod in his hand to ftand behinde him ..and firftwith a threatning voice without touching him with the rod,to force him to approch i° theblock;bi:tifhe ftillrebel,then(halhe that (landed* • behindegiuehimalerceortwovponthe nether parC •of his buttocks,& (o inforcehimto cometo the block5 >When licis come to the block}both his nderjhis *ea£^ |
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________The feccnd 'Boo^e, 41
and hisdriuer,(halcheri(h him,and clap him,and giue
him grade ,or fomething els to eatc: but if he refule to «and quietly at the b!ock,and couet to prefle forward, then (hall another ftander by, with a rodde in h is hand ftand before his face, and threaten him, but not ftrike hinasif he being thus aff raid,both before and behind,& ©n euery fide, he (hall fall into any frantike paflion,
*nd either feeke to plunge,reare vpright,bite or ftrike; then I would haueyou (according to the opinion of ^f/*»)and the prefcnt vfe of the Italians, to defift from farther moleftaaon,andforthwithleade him to fomc Pccce of new plowde ground, where holding the long *eineof the Trench in your hand, let the fianders by chacc him about you, firft on one hand, then on ano- ther; which done, gocto him, and offer to put your *pot in the ftirrop; at which if he fceme coy, you (hall *hen chafe him againe, and not leaue him till hee will "and quietly, fuffer you to put your footc in the ftir- |
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I°P> and to heaue your fclfe from the ground three or obferu
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a trans
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.°ure times togithcr: which effected you (hall inftant- before a niorf"
ycheriOihim, and then before you mount, youfhall j^™"*
look that the headftall both of the Trench, & the Muf- J°ll,licclofebehindeh iseares.thatthe Mufroll lie in Jl's due place oner the midft of his no(e,that the trenchi lc neither too hie nor too lowe, but reft iuft aboue his
cther tu(h,that the reins of the Trench be ftrong:thc«
J^1'HiaUlooke that the Saddle keep his true place,and ^ the gyrths be clofe and faft,that the ftirrops be not 'Pf» and that the crooper be not too ftrait: laftly, and
jJylP^cipal!, (accordingto the opinion of la Broue)
am m'nc °wne Part * nolde it one of the beft notes
0ngftaH his precepts, you ihall confidently, and
K 3 with
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q.z Ihefecond 'Boofe.
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With a heedfull eye,marke the countenance and gcfture
of thehorfe, which is euer the largeft Index or Table for a man to finde out his fccret diipofition : for if hec clap both hisearesclofeto his necke, orifheeclappe downebut one, and pricke forward the other, if hee turne the eye next to the man backward,as if he would looke behinde him,or if he fnore,or crackein his no- ftrils, all thefe are verie euill fignes, fhewes that hee is difpleafed, wrathfull,and intendeth mifchiefe; which wicked purpofes you may driuefrom him by vfe of the former chafmgs: but if you fee his countenance vn- troubledj his eye cheerf ull and liuely,and his eares car- ried in due comeiinefic,you may be well allured of his gentledifpofnion. hisgoodalfotohauearefpeato his maner of (landing; for when ahorfedothftand but flrmevpon two fecte,or three feete,heauing and fauo* ring the other ,it is an euill figne of a churhfh difpofiti'
on: but whenheftandcth faftof all four c,it lsafigueo* meekncffe.Hauing fatisfied your roinde in all thefe ca' ra&ers, and found euery thing to your contentment) you fhallthenby rubbing the horfes nofe vppon the palme of your hand, or by offring fometbing to the horfesnofetofrocll,drawingyour hand inward, yd» fhall fee him pull in his head, and fafhion his revr^ to which proportion I would haueyou buckle down* your Martingale,fo thatcarying his head in that plac^ he may haue no morebut a feeling of the Martingale* Ail thefe things obferued, you fhall then put yof footeintheftirrop: and after you haue heauedtw»c orthricevpand downcfrom the ground, and fam^ timebroughtyour leghalfe way ouerthe Saddle,*1*; downe againc, at euery motion chcrifhing the f>or |
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*7 hefecond IZooke. 4 3
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exceedingly, you fhall at laft put your Iegge cleanc
ouer, and (eateyour felfefaftinthefaddle; that is to rheHcrfc* lay yourbodieftraight and vpright, neither bending nuuifeare, for ward, nor leaning backward,, your eyes fixt be- twixt his earcs, and your nofe directly ouer theporn- mellof the Saddle, which fhall euer be a-rule for you, to knowe if your feate be comely : the chine of your backe muft directly anfwer the chine of the hor feryoiir thighesandkneesmuftbeeclofe and faft to the Sad- dle, your legges hanging ftraighcdowne,as when you ftand vpon your feete, the ball and heart of your feete Jnuft reft vpon the ftirrops, and your toes and heeles muft be (o orderly placed, that when you onely moue your head, andnot your bodie, on the one fide to looketoyour ftirrop, your toe may anfwer with the tippe of your nofe : Now for the cariage of your hands during the time you exercife your horfe vpon lbe Trench,it tmift be thusryou muft take the feynes of the Trench, and fold the one fide ouer the other, ma- king each fide of an eeuen length,andfome what fhort; thenlaying both your hands vpon the reynes, about "**! handfull one from another, you fhall neither drawe y°ur hands to thefaddlepomell, norclofetoyourbo- "'c, but placing them ouer the rnidft of the horfes Cr5ft, continually labour to bring vp hisjhead, which ^ithafweethandjcommingand going, with gentle potions you fhall eafily doe : in your right hand you "all carry your rodjWiththe point dirc&ly vpright by y°«r right fhoulder, or if you carry if trattat^ctoffmic ^erthwartyourbreft.andvpbyyour left fhoulder, it ted >not °ee vncoraely. Being in this order moun- >■ a lc^ted and accoutered, after you haue paufed and K 4 cherifht
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4. f ybefecond cBoo{e.
cherifh your horfe, you fhall by thrufting your feete
Forward fomewhat ftiffely vppon your ftirrop-lea- thers,moueyour horfe to goe forward, which if he do Hot, t>ecaufe he vndcrftands you not, his keeper fhall forthwith lead him fomc dozen paces forward, where pawfinga while, both your felfe and the keeper fhall cherifh him.Then fhall you thruft him forward againe, and fo continue, till the horfe finding your meaning will goe forward of himfelfe,which will be atthe mofk notaboueanhouresworke; and note, that in all his goings you refpeftnot how he goes,, neither which way he goes, fo he goe at all; but the firft day differ him to take the incertaintic of his owne pleafure. AfToone as you haue brought him to goe forward,you- (hallchenin the gentleft manner you can ride him home, and light from his backe at the blocke,-where you muft not light lodainely,btit with.many heauings, rifings,and halfe commings off and on againe : you rauft dally with him continually, mingling with emery motion ftore of cheriihings: if when you are lighted off, he offer of himfelfe to depart away, and-will not ftay atthe blocke, you (hall force him to come againe to thefeloeke, where you fhall mount vpon his backe againe, andneuer leaue him till he (land frill at the blocke, whilefiyou eafe his Martingail,his gyrths,an«T other implements, which when he dath, you fhall fyuehiuiioaiethmgtoeate, andfb.deliuerhim to his |
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Of Btlftsmb Comttions, undof the vfes and fitter all
kindes thereof, BEforel proceedc any further into the Horfes
lcflbns, becaufe it is reputed the moft fubftantiall part of Horfe-manniip. to knowe when to help, «ow to correct, and at what timeto cherrifh: 1 will fpendfome little time therein Andfirft for helpcs in Horfe-manfhip, Grifonznd the other Italians will al- low but feauen; that is the voice or tongue, the rodde thebrydlejthecaluesofyourleggesjtheftirropes^he' 'purres andthcground: he allowethalfo as many cor- rections; which arelikewife the voice,therod,the bry- ^ and fo foorth as before is mentioned: but for the 5ncrifhing, he fpeakes but onely of two wayes, which *s either the voice, orthehand; now for that botk ^elpes and corrections hold but in their doing this dif>- *Crence,that to help goeth before as to preuent a fault, *nd correcting comes after as punifhment for a fault, I ^ill fpcake of them feuerally. And firft for the voice, of the Voice. J5 it is the found which naturally all creatures moll Care,fbit isindifordcrsthencedfulleft remedie: and ^cordingtothefignificationofthe word, foit is ei- r Cracorrcdionorahelpc its for example, if it bee- l«ghly or terriblie deliuered, as Ht tratfer, HxVtJlaim^ 0^nU.ch ^ke, then t'is a correction for fhrewdneffe or Klacic : but if you crie Hoe, Ho, otHej, Hey, or rtsy My n^
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^ 6 The Jecond TSooke.
r^jthentisahelp ekherin gallopping, inturning,or
any ayre or fault whatfoeuer. Butifyouwillcherrifh, then you muft in the miideft manner that may be, crie Holla, holU^oxSoboy, joboy,andfuchlike. Now whereasfomehorfemen would hauea horfe
behelpt in his going backejby crying Back I fay,ot back Boy, and in his aduancing by faying Hup Boy, Map,.at fuchlike.I amvtterlyagainft'it, for neither is it come- ly in the Rider in euerie motion to vie his tongue fo It- berally,norwouldlhaueahorfesmemory clogdwith fo much feuerall language: but for this help of crying Darrier, Barrier,when a horfe fhould yerke behinde, tis asabfurdasfantafticali, and neuer in vfe fince fpuc or rod was inuentcd. Of tfwrodde Now fortherodorcudgell, it is both acorre£tioa and a help of great efFycacie,efpecially againft either a fantafticall, quicke fpirited horfe, or a ftubborn-e dull Iade/o that the Ryder loofe not his time, but correft euen in the moment of the offence dooing: butthat ic fhould be vfed as Giyfett directs about the head, I am of a cleanecontrarie opinion, for fuch corre&ions doe diftemper andincertainc the head,and makes the horfe fofearefu'U, that if after, thefhadowc of the roddebut come in his fight, he will caft his head on one fide of other very diforderly and frantickly, which of all the members about a horfes body fhould be moft ftayed and certainc. I ioc very much alfo differ from the opi- nion of la Br out, where he giues allowance for the bea- ting of a horfe about the head. Gryfon would not hat^ a ryder to ride with a rod till his horfe come to weare * bytt, but I hold that for no good precept,for it muft el* thcr argue in the ryder indifcrction to goucrnc it, °( |
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The fecond Soothe. 4.7
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want of arte to make his horfe in dure it. Befides, I
fcnowethatcuen in the firft backing of a Colt, the found of the roddeftirreth vp life in him, correð the difordcring of his head, and puts toyes and fanta- fies out of his mindc, Befides, it is fuch an ornament to aHorfeman, that without it, he Jookes like an Alder- man or Mule-ryder. Laftly,by rubbing the withers of the Horfe with the butt end of the rodde,youfhall more cherrifh and delight your Horfe then with any thing elfe whatfoeuer : the roddc doth prefent to the Horfeman, the vfeof thcLaunce, thefword,andthe Battle-axe, andis feuerally to be carried after their fa- (hions; asinihort manages, it prefenteth the fword or Battle-axe, and is borne cither dire&Iy vprigbc by the right fhoulder of the man, or elfe croffethe Hor- fescreft, and thwart the mans bodie. In long ma- nages or carieresjit prefenteth the Lance.and is borne: lovve by the ryders thigh, but not vppon his thigh With the point vp ward, and before you come to the place of turning, you may let it fall of the right fide °f his head : if you turne on the left hand;, and When the turnc is made, you may rayfe your rodde, vpward againe. Now for the helpes and correcti- ons, theybethefe : firft it helpeth a horfe in his ad- vancing, if with the clofe of your legge, you either jhake your rodde ouer his bead, or let it fall vppon j^js (boulder; it correð a horfe if he aduancetoo • ,*e> or when you would not hauehim to reare vp- right,if in the very inftant of the fait, you iert him vp- P°ntbe(liins,norceafingto ftrikehim fooftashcad- anceth againft your liking : iris alfo a great help to - °*feinhis fetting of tumes, double or (ingle : if on-1
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q.6 The fecond'Bookg
on what hand you turne your ho rfc, you carne your
rod with the point do wneward, oucrthwart the con- trarie fhoulderiit correð a horle that is floathfull orvnnimble in turning, if you giuehiraagood Ierte or two orethwart his contrarie ftoulder,or if he trayle his hinder feete, youigiue him a good Ierte or two in theflanke of the contrarie fide. Itheipech, if when in theCerutttCapriaU, or fuch like ayres you would hauc him rayfe his hinder parts.,you turne the point of your rod directly ouer his rumpe, and let him onely feelcit, or hcare the found of it: and it corre&cthif when he Will not gethervp his hinder partes, you giue him a good Iert or two,either in his flanke, or ouer his but- tocks : many other hclpes and corrections there bee with the rod, which ftiall be (hewed amongft thchor- fesleffbns. QftheBtydU For the helpes and corrections of the Bridle,they be as infinite as mens indentions, and as varyable as our opinions; for according to the nature of the horfe, th e skill of the Horfeman, and the fence or hardnes of the horfes mouth,fo the helpes and corrections are either abated or increafedrfor as Qrijon faith,thc Sterne doth gouernc the bodie of the Ship/o doth the byte gouern all the motions ofthc horfe,and as the bytt doth confift notofoneentyrepeece,but of many : as of mouth, cheeke,curbe,and fuch like: nor ofone famion^buc of fundrie, fo doth the helpes and corrections deuide themfelues according to the proportions and feueratf fafhionsof the bytt. NoWjforitistheRyders office to knowe when to
ride his horfe with the bytt, how to vfe the bvtt when itisfirft put into the horfes mouth, in what part ofthc mouth
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"The ficond lloo \e. 4.9
mouth it fhould reft'> then how to holde the reynes,
whento vie the falfe reynes, when to correct, when to helpe , andlaftly whatkinde orfafhionof byte is fic- teft for a horfe: you fhall vnderfland, that when your horfe can trot eleane, bothineuen furrow, and large ringe, ftop firmely, and turne on each hand readilie: you (hall then put a bytte in his mouth. Now for the vfe of the by tt, you fhall by no meanes
put anew bytt,but a worne bytt in your horfes mouthy
and as you did with your Trench, fo fhaliyou annoy nt
your bytt the firlt time with Hony and fait. The place
Vvhere the by tt ought to reft,is vpon his neather gums,
aboue his great cum.For the reynes of the byt,you (hal
holde them in your left hand, fo as your ring finger
may be betweene the reynes, your little finger on the
contrarie fide to vour fore- finder and ereat fin-eer, and
y°urthombe clofevpponthe reynes,with the brawne
thereof turned towardthe po-mcll ofyour faddle.You
*hall carrie your reynes ordinarily about the middle of
Jhepomellof your faddle, fo that when you either
'°p him, orrayfehim, your hand rife not aboue the
°P of the pommell, norwhenyoucorreifchim, itf'.ll
£°t lower then the fetting on of the pommell. Diners
°f femen vfe,and it is alio theopinion o^Gri/m^hcn-
^ey take from the Horfe either the headftraine,chaine
^r Cauezan, to put to the eyes of the bytt falfe reynes,
°r they correct a horfe, if his head be vnfteadie, in-
ei"taine, or wrythingtoonefide or other, and of this
jpinionalfoisabfolutely LaBreu?, from both which-
pu Is^frditFer,that I would nothaue the falfe reynes
an 1 !° tn« eyes of the bytt, for then the falfe reync
2 Perfect reyneworke fo coatrarie one to ano-
" "■.........."" ' ' ther^.
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5o ^Ihe fccond 'Booty.
other,that which of chem you molt v(e : from the o-
ther you rake all his operation; as for example, ifyou will beare your horfe vpon his bytt, then cannot your falfe reynes be felt, or feme they for anypurpofc, be- caufe then the Curbe is in vfe; which Curbe cannot be felt when the falie reynes are vfed v for the drawing in ofthefaife reynes, drawcth the Curbe from the lip, whereas when a horfe comes to be ridden onely with the bytt, the Curbe fhouldneuer be from his feeling, as the thing of mod delight and commaundment: and againe, the falfe reynes thus placed, doe fo drav\ e the mouth of the bytt out of his due place, and fometimes fopreffcthelippe with the ftraitnefTe of the cheeke, that 1 haue found them rather the begetters of thefe vi- ces, then the reformers, and yet I doe allow the falfe reynes, both for an amender of thefe fauIts,andfor the tnoft principall inftrument to breedc the beft acquain- tance betwixt the horfeand the bytt, butthen I would neuer haue tbem vfed but to the fmooth Cannon, made with the flying Trench; and the falfe reynes to be but onely to the flying Trench, the figure and vfe of which bytt you fhall fee in the due place. Now to proceede to the vfes, fafhions and proper-
ties offeuerallbytts,youfhallvnderftandthat the firft byt a horfe fhould weare,fhould be a fmoothCannon, for it is of all bytts the fweeteft, as carrying in it no of- fence or diflike: thefafhion whereof is contained is this figure following. |
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1U
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c/ be fecond 'Boofy, 51
The fawejmmh Ctmmn,
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This Cannon ordrcth and fweecneth the Hor/es
mouth3helpeth to fettle the head/a/hion the reyne,and bringeth pride and Iightnes to his pace : But foraf- much as Nature is a diuers workc woman, and giueth not to euery creature euery perfection, but that in c- uery member there may be fome imperfe<5Uon,;it fhall beneceflarieforthehorfeman to haue a diligent eye to euery part of his Horfe, efpecially to his mouth (vvhencecommeththegroundofall order and difor- °er) and if be fhall perceiue that the tongue of his "orfe fhall be fo vnnaturally bigge and round,thar this Plaine Cannon confifting of euen proportion, fhall jyefo hard, and prefling vpon his tongue, that it robbe j^m of his deligbt,which both your eye may difcerne " >'oulooke5and alfo the effects will fhowe,which are pping, wrything the mouth, or thrufting out the °ngue, you fhall then make your Cannon with ad- -ntaSe,according to this figure in the next page*- |
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Tie C<mj
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51 ^Ihe Jecond 'Boo/^e.
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'the Cannon of adumuge.
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This moutb,and for thispurpofe La Brouccammtn-
deth^and his reafon is exceeding good3for it giueth li- bertie to the tongue}offendeth not the barres,and kee^ pcth the mouth in tendernefTe and fweerneflei but where he proceedeth further, and for more libcrrie to the tongue, giueth allowance to the cannon, with the vpfet mouth made in^ fafhion of this figure* The Cannon with the vpfet mouth.
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To this lean neither out of mine experience n®*
rcafon3giue any authority,for I haue euer fince I coulj* |
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n
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"ThefecQndcBook
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\r
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firltgouerneabrydell, beencmearely oppofite to all
vpfetmeutbes, Ports, Trenches, andbyttsof crueltieas holding them rather to be inuenced, either tofhowe caprytchyouihes, ofcunning mensbraines, or elfe to Bttfiethe bytt-maker with fuperfluous worke j or to makethe ignorantbeleeue there is a curyofuie in the arte,morethen either fence or reaibn candiueinto,as * will declare heereafter more amply \ yet if fuch an imperfection be in the greatnefle of the horfes tongue thatitmuftofneceflitie haue more libertie then the fecond figure of the Cannon can allow, I then thinke k not vnfit to make vfe of this other Cannon, made all of one peece 5 which many years agoe I haue found to goodpurpofe, andnowfindeitby La Broue commen-* ^edtoeternallmemorie: the figure whereof is this. |
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^"nis mouth giueth all libertie pofllble to the tongue^
Pfeffethnotthegums, not drawethin the lippes, but |
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^horfes mouth, which can be defired.
On fy'Va^tcryounauemadcyour'horfe perfect vport °i theic mouthes, which neuerftiould bee vfed h with-
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54- % he feeond <Bo&{e.
without the helpe of the Catiezan, then the next bytt
you fhall vfe, and which is the firft bytt>wherwith you fhould ride your horfe,w ithout any other helpe, is the fmooth Cannon with the flyingTrench made accor- ding to this figure. TheCamonwitktheji/tngTreticb.
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This Cannonwith the flyingTrench, is of all bytts
the onely affured beft, for the finifhing and making vp ofyourhorfe, fon't confifteth of as much helpe and correction as any of the former Cannons doe, with the helpe ofthe Cauezan, and all thofc helpes and cor- rections being within the mouth, and both naturall & proper to euery bytt breedes that knowledge and vn' cerftanding in a horfe that no other doth: for this fly ingTrench is to be made in all proportion like a plains inil EngUJh Snaffle,hauing at cach'out ward end a round ring, whereunto you muft faften your falfe reynes, which falfe reynes in ryding,you muft hold in this fort; the left fide reyne you muft lay vpon the perfeft reyn* -of your bytt vndcr your thornbe, the right fide reyn6 |
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cIhefecondcBwke* 55
youmuftholdeof euen length with the other in your
right hand, vnder your rod, and when you will haue your horfe to feele thebyttand Curbe,youfhall rayfc yourhandvp-tothetopof the Saddle pommell* and when you will fweeten the horfes mouth by eafing the ■Curbe and by tt,you fha!l defcend your hand to the wi- thers of the horfc:for rayfing your hand drawes vpthe reynesofthebytt, and letsloofethefaLfereynes, and putting down your hand drawesftrait the falls reynes, and eales the bytt, by which rasanes you may keepe your horfe in what fweecnefife and temper of mouth your felfe belt pleafe. This flying Trench is a great helpc to a Horfe in all
hisTurnesandManadges, anda correction when hee refufeth the exchange of eyther hand : itkeepesthe head ftaidCjthe mouth from wrything, and the lippe 'r°m being fuckt inward to withftand the Cannon. When your horfe is abfolutely perfeft vpon the bytt, "°thineueryturneofeach feuerallfafhion, all kind of T?»A^«,{hort and long, each S<jfr, ayre, or other mo* ll°n aboue ground, according to the nature, [abili.tie, °5 aptnes of the horfe, you ftiall then forbeare to ride llrn any longer with the Cannon, fortoholdehim to ^ mouth continually, or to iourncy him therewith, °uldin time bring his mouth to an infencible dul- Ifr* Dorh by rcafon of the fmoothnefie and dul- neJjc, and alfo for want of a little pleafant rough. .c3 Whichfhouldfometimes in trauell reuiue and ^!,cken the horfes fences: Againe,though euery horfe ne .>and will be brought to perfedion,and perfecV fin-T^ tneCannon, yetfhallthe carefull rydcr du-- ° tu« time of his inftru&ion, fitide fuch diners L 2 tempers |
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5 6 cl bejecond <Boo{e.
tempers of Horfes mouthes, fome being too tender
ingenerall,fome too hard, fome tender belowe, and hard aboue,fome hard belowe and tender aboue,wkh diners other infirmities: fome comming from nature, fome from cuftome, and fome from other euill habits, that he (ball be conftrained to trie his beft wit&to findc a bytt finable and fit: to amend the faults of which, he fhallhaue plaine vnderftanding, wherefore to make you acquainted with other byttes.that you may helpe fuch errors as you finde, I will heere deliuer mine opi- nion. If your horfe be of a temperateand good mouth, fweete,lenfible,and without fault, then the next bytt you (hall vfe after the Cannon, (hall bee the plaine Scatch: the figure whereof is this. |
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The fUine Scatch with a xpAtring chAtne
abeiiC. |
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But ify our horfes moutfibe fhaltowandnot great)
yet very tender and good, then in ftead of the Scatch* the Mellon of fomecaldthcOliue bytt is the next beft bytt,hauing onely a watering chaine aboue, and thofc MellonsorOliues, rnuft bee very fmooth andfull o* hole*;
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Ihefecond^Booke* 57
holes which the Horfe will take great pleafurc to fucke
and champe vpon s whofe figure is this. lbs LMellott or Ollifte.
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But if your horfe doefucke in his Iippe, to defend
thebytt from his gums; if his barres be tender,and his gums a little hard,or if he put out his tongue,you (hall then take that bytt which is called the peare byt^ ^hofe figure isthis. Tkefearehpt*
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Bars &• 3[ourHorfe fucke vp his tongue, baue hard
j«alargemouth5orifhedcfcndvery much with h 3 Hi |
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?3 ^Ibefecond <Booke.
his nether lippe, or wryth his nether chappe,youfh^11
then take that bytt which we call the Campanell, and it muft be round and imboft; but if his mouth be little and ftraite, the bytt muft be flat: both which fhapes are comprehended in this figure.. |
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The Comfmell or Bell by tu
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If your horfe haue a hard dfie mouth, conets by
Lowe reyningto reft, and lay euen the waig'it of his head vpon his bytt, as if hee difdained tobeareany part of his ownc burthen, or if he continue the thru- ling out of his tongue, and will not be reform ed,.then you (ball take zScatch with two turning rowles, which isthehardeft 'bytt I would wim any horfe-man to vfe, and is made in thefafhion of this figure following. |
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'A&eittb
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"■Ihefecondl^Qoke. 59
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A Scatch with turning rewles.
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Forrhefame faultes for the which this Scatch witn
turning rowles is to bevfed3I hauc feen fome horfmen vfe that byte which we call the Baftonet or leiue bytt, Which is made with round buttons or great rough ringes,made high like wheeles, and fometimes filed rough like a Sawe; fometime fharpc like the rowel of a Spurrc : but of what fafhion foeuer it be it is naught, Rorof any greatvfe, but amongft fuch as are tyrants ^er horfes: yet for fatisfaction fake, and that you !^ayknow it to cfchucit, the fafhion of it is conteyned l« this figure: The Bajltnet,
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L4 Of
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do ^Ihe/econd ISookf*
Of allthefebyttes, both Grifw,LaBrout, andfome
others haue written very largely,and skilfully,& thinke them (as indeed they are,) mouthes fufficient enough and diners enough j foranyhorfemanto approue any pra&ife with. But for mine owne part, I haue in.mine experience both prooued and taken efpcciall note of two other bytts, which they haue omitted, and haue Found them to execede almoft all thefe other byts, for fome efpeciall purpofes. The firft of which bytts I call the Ball bytt,orpoppiebytt,bccaufe the cbiefepeeces are made round like a ball, yet fmooth and indented likethoferound heads, which containethe feedcsof poppie3thefa(hion whereof is prefentcdinthis figure. |
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7be Bali bytt or fofpe bytt..
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The other I call the ring bytt.for it confideth all of
ringes, one fmooth,,the other rough, and mingled with fundricfmali players, according to this figure io the next page following. "" " fht
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The fecond (Boo\e. 6\
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btU Ther'wgBytt.
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Both thefe bytts are exceeding fweete and good for
aperfed mouth, they make a horfe labour his nether lippe,takedelightin theCurbe.and keepes his mouth Clofe : butofthetwothcringbyttis the harder, for being all ofoneequallbigneffe it prefTetb the tongue and gumroesmore; andwercitnotforthemoouings- °ftheRinges, it were a byttofgreatextremitie, and might very wellhaueplaceof the hardeftj but being: as it is, it is of a good coropofition, and will breed o- bedience euen in the ftubborneft nature. Thefe two Jjyttcs 1 haue found aboue all other moft excellent for fracconers, I mcanc ambling Geldings,, or fmall ^agges, fuch as arc preferued onely for the vfe oftra- Jjaile, oriourneying, and for fuch men as notprofef- «ng the Arte of Horfe-manfhip, refped onely their ovvnc eafe,and their horfes patience.For albe the hand I eextraordinarierude,yetk can hardly diftemper a:
^0"es mouth with one of thefe bytts. Againe, thefe WoDyttesof aii ot}ier s I haue noted to be moft ex*
t silent for Coach-horfes, or Chariot-horfes, where ninp!?nfKtin§ farre bchinde the horfes, and goucr-
- b'hem with fuch a Jong diftan.ee> cannot by any *•-$/ meanest
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tfi The /econd"Boo'se
meanes carry fo temperate a hand, neitheThelpelo
readily, nor correct fo gently, as he which fitteth on the backeofthe horfe; for by rcafon of the farre di- ftance, his ftraynings are more violent, andl>iscafes more iiberall; the firiV breeding in a horfe diflike, the latter a will to doe euiii :both which thefe two fcuerall mou thes fo temper,that I perfwade my felfe, the moft skilfiill Coachman cannot take exceptions againft cv- ther of their vfes for his office. To all thefe mouthes for byctes, which Ihane for-
merly prefcribed in this Booke, which may well be re- roembrcd by the name of clofe byttes, many excellent and lingular horfemen,partly out of their pra&ife and partly out of their Arte and inuention, which euer out of the beft knowledges prpduceth the rareft dcuifes haue added in ftead of the plights which fold the two partes of the bytte together, another peece in fafhion of a round hoope, or a halfe moone, which they call a Port, and fometimes this Porcmuft confift of one peece, and then it is called a whole Port, fomtimcs of two pecccs, and then it is called a broken Port. The fafhion of both which are conteined in thefe fi- gures following. |
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tk
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1 hejecond cBooJ(e.
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<*3
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TkcwholePort.
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the broken fort.
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Afterthefe Ports wereintiemed and putin pra&tfe,
*«eir cruelty being by many degreesgreater then could kefoimdin tbeclofebytt, could not chufe but at the krft make the horfe beare much more tenderly then ^yith the clofebytt,forwhat through the excrcamcgal- lngthe horfe vpon the roofeofthemomhjOr the bars, jj^d what through the prefling the tongue-wirh the two -tk rPc corners °f the neather ende of the Port; (albee £e libertie of the tongue isall the reafon men haue for- hcfe kinde of by tts)it did bewitch men with an imagi- nation of fomeprofire; yet in the end of the worke, I j>eucrfaweitturneto any thing but diforder: to rhefe ft°r!}es Were added by the Itdiam another- mouth in c II e of them much worfe then they, which are e" vpfec mouthes, forthey, hauebothfharpe cor- ners • |
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/
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16 zj. The fecond ^Booke,
ners aboue and belowc,& carrying an euen breadth in
the vpperpart,confn1ingofmany foldings and pceces, hurrnotonelyin one place, but generally ouer all the mouth. IhaucfeenebothofthefeporteSj and vpfet mouthes,which to makethem more cruel,bauc had in the tops of them high whecles/ometimes filed rough, •fomtimes madelike a fpurre rowell; .bigger then in the Baftonet bytt, which hath made me admire how men for pittie could bee fo tyrannous, when the greatcft fault in ahorfe is the fooneft reclaimed with genlenes: others to thefcvpfetmouthes,haue added from theeyc of the bytt to the outfide of the vpfcr,a ftrong Trench, which makes eucrycrueltie in the bytt greater then of Jtownenature. The fafhionofwhichvpfets,foryour fatisfacl-iori;youfhall behold in thefe figures* The v^fet mouth. |
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Thevpfetmouth anclTremh*
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Bob
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*I he Jecond Boo^e. 65
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Both thefe ports and vpfet mouthcs haue receiued
allowance both from6>//<?», and diuers other ancient Italian ryders, and likewife in thefe daies, not onely parte vnder the authoritieof LaBmte, buteueninour beft nurcerieSjOr ftables oiEnglahd.v, e fhall fee of them put in vie dayly, whence of neceflitie it muft come topafle, that I fhall be infinitely condemned, fo pe- remptorily to condemne that which fo generally is al- lowed : to which I muft anfwere as our great Lawyers doe, (which holde contrarie opinion in many cafes, bo w euer other wife cenfured in the daies of their fore- fathers) and I muft fay, what eucr other ryders haue done, I haue found thefe bytts naught in my practife. But they will fay that was either mine abufe in pro- pounding falfe fhapeSjOr my mif-vfe in want of kno w- ledge;toboth thefe allegations I will make no anfwer, °neiy to fhow the euilnes of thefe mouthcs,! will pro- pound my reafons. Firft all the arguments of good-- J^cs that Gy//2»» or any other can giue for them, is the 'ibertie of the tongue, which abfolttely I deniej the P°rt doth ifit be made in his iuft compandor the two "Jether ends, almoft meeting together, euen preflc "°vvn the tongue hard to the chaule,with more fharp- nefle then any oiherbyrt,exceptyouwillhaueahorfes °nguetobenobigerthena mans finger: but fay you
^illnot allow it that ftraitneffe, but that the port fhall c much wider: I (ay, if it be lo wide as to giue libertie
0 rbe whole tongue,the bytt fhall then conlift of little
. r no mouth but theporte onely, which all Horfemen
j?° we, would be an vnpleafant bytt. Befides, this all
jjQr!?men knowe, that the too great libertie of the
r*es tongueais the firft occafton of a horfes drawing
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c6 The fecond^Bookt,
vp his tongue, fccking to fwallow the bytt, {trilling to
put his tongue ouer thcbytr,and fuch like: wheifore it is not good to giu e the tongue too great libertie. Buc conclude they had this one vertue, what were it to the many vices which follow: firft they gauie a horfes bars, and make therninfenfiblc, they force a h'orfc to gape, and theoutward hart of the byte doth preiTefo fore vp- pon the horfes chap,that they either brufe it, or breed inicanumnes,whichtaketh away all feeling: whence fpringeth inconftancy ofhead, rebellion, and flat run- ningaway. But you will anfwere me with Grifon, that thefe ports fliould not be fo hie as to touch the roofe of the mouth, and then not to occafion gaping: then I fay they cannot be ports at all, nor carry any more com pafle then the clofc byt, whofe plights 1 will ftand to it, whenfoeuerthecheekcofthebyttis drawne in- ward,do continually touch the bats:to concIude,therfi was neuer that horfe made or corrected, with thefe o- pen month.es, I meane ports and vpfecs, but may bcC better made and better corre&ed with one of the clofc byts before fpeciSed.Some peraduenture wilaskcme? what, can the ancient Italian riders erreintheir inuert' tions ? O, no men more grofely, witneffe Prsforo an^ hisfbhoolemaifters. Beddeslknew a Gentleman o* great pra&ife who being w'holy brought vp in ItalieS0 .theartofryding,wasmcarelyoppofite to all chaimh Caue&amt Snaffles, Trenches, and falfereynes, and onl/ Would make his horfe from the flrft hourc of his back' ing, with the bytjhauing byts of fo many fcuerall fafl11' ons,as there be faults or diforders in a horfc,to his by1* Ihauefeenefuchrings mounted one aboue another that a Germaine clocke hath not confided of more cop' |
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The feccnd Hook?, 67
fufedpeeces:thisGentlcmandidIneuer fee bring forth
an abefolute perfect horfe.But for run awaies and mad lades, I haueknownc him haue feauen or eight in his chargeataninftant.Butnowleauingthepraifeanddif- praiie ofthefe bytts, to your experience in pracHfe : I will proceed to thccheekes of bytts and theirpropor- tf ons.Firft,albe there be many fafhions in vfe,& fundry figures fet forth by la BroueSt fome others,yet 1 will on- ly recommend vnto you but threerThe firft is a ftraight cheeke,which indeedisthe firft cheeke.I would haue a Coltweare, for itputteth vp the horfes head, giues Him fence of the Curbejand breeds a conitancie in the earryageofhisfore partes: thefecond is the broken «hee"ke,which is to bevfed With the flying Trench,and ^hen you lay afide your Chaine or Cauezan, this checke as it holdeth vp the necke, fo it bringeth in the ttvoofell and boweth the creft to the beflfafliion of the reyne:the third is the perfect'or trauelling cheeke, which is to bevfed when a horfe is at his full perfecii- w, & made complet,fo as he is either for traueli plea- 'ureor feruice; this cheeke carrying a larger compafle ^en either of the other, bringeth in the head more l**en any other,& giueth a more comely grace^oth to ^chorfes reyne,& the eye of the beholdenfor tis to be Need that the more compaffe abytcarryeth,themore jvcompa{Teth and bringeth in the horfes head; and the lighter the cheekeis,the more itputteth vp,andad- 'anccch both the head necke and muzzell. Now from t,lefe three cheekes are deriued diners other cheeks,as t, e ftraight cheeke broke in two parts, and fometimes p^eeparts,or the compaffe cheeke broken in 1.2 or 3., *he Ljan<*a^ Rebreakings made inward, contrary to ^e breach ofthefirft broken cheeke^end each breach tnadt
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I I
dS The jecondcBdoke>
made more inward then other, and all thefe cheekes
aretobeevfed according to the length or fhortneffc of the Horfes necke>the ftraitnelfe or widenefic of his Chaule, according to his pride or euill difpofition, to reynewelljWhich your arte and knowledge rauft bet- ter iudge by your praiftife, then.I by writing can giue any difcriptibn. Nowthecheekeconfidered, which imitating Gri-
^jltaketobebutfromthe neathcrmoft part of the eye ofthe bytt downeward,to the vtmoft length of the bytt, you are then to refpeft the eye ofthe bytt,which fhould be halfe a circular comparfe of iuft proportion orbignefTe, with the mouth ofthe bytt, fo as it may come and goe without rubbing or fticking: then frorfl the eye ofthe bytt vpward,to that part whereunto the headftallofthcbrydle is fixed, which the Italians call Stangketta, you are to obferuefucha length, that through the (hortneffe, the Curbe doe not fall be* lowe theroundballof the ncathcr Upper nor through the length thereof, fatten or binde about part of ths bare chap, but lie in his due place, which is to reft v' pon the thicke ofthe neather lippe,where the two ne*' ther chappes meete,and make one entyrebdne. No^ that your eyemaygiue your eare better inftru&ionSj youfhallbeholdethe fafhion of the three princip3" cheekes in thefe figures following. |
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tfotf
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*I hefecond "Boo {e. (Sg
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Ko^
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jo cIbefecond 'Bool^e.
Nowforafmuch as I did formerly fhowe vntoyou
amongftthemouthesof byttes, twomouthes which I did not onely commend for great horfes for feruice, but alfo for ambling and traueliing Geldings, and a- boue others for Coach or Charryoc horfes,! thinke k not ami{re,{ith the purpofc of this my whole difcourfe istogiucgenerallfatisfadliontoall people which de- fire knowledge in this arte,to fhowe you heere alfo the true proportion and fafhion of that cheeke wich is mod fit for the Coach-horfe, with this generall noter that the cheekes of the Coach-horfe bytt are euer to be deuided one from another at the neather end, nor with any chaine, leaftthehorfes in rubbing one vppon another, or in cafting their heads vpward or downe- ward,doe faften their by tts togethcr,and lo caufe trou- ble or diforder:.■ the fafhion of the cheeke is contai- ned in thefleKt pagcfoll© wing. |
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Tfa
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"Thefecond'Boofy. 71
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155* CheektfertheCoAthbytt,
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M i Hailing
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"]z Ihejecond cBoo{et
Hauing thus fhewed you both the monthes and
cheekes for byttes,itrefteth now that I fhew you the. true Cnrbe and the naturethereof. Of Curbes diuers horfemenhaue inuented diuers fafhions, as fome of Square lihkeSjfome of fquarepeecesfyledfliarpe with pointeslike Diamonds, fome made all ofonepeece of yron and ioyned to the pone within the mouth of the horfe, and fometimes thofe whole peeces of yron hauing fharpe pricker of yron, which as the bytt is- <irawnevp, runncirito the chappe of the horfe : all which being cruelties and tortures, both barbarous and vnnaturall, I both condemne and loath excee- dingly as being onely brought foorth by error and abfurditie. The true Curbe therefore which is in vfe andpra&ife with all goodhorfemen, is that which is made of round linkes of yron, foulded according to j the fafhion of the Romaine S. and the bigger fuch linkes be, the better euer they be, and doe TefTe hurt & gaule a horfe then the (mall Chaine,which th tough his ftnallnefic, when it comes to be vfde with a rough hand, doth euen cut as it bindeth, or being vfds
with a moderate hand in his oft motions, or euen with the plyingof the horfes lip which is the only token of a.good mouth, it many times-frydgeth off the haire, I and fometimes the skinne from the horfes neather chap, by reafon whereof there many times growes vn- dera horfes chinne, bard kirnels, or tough skinnes, which takes away both the fence and vfe of the Curbe* The fafhion of the pcrfeft Curbe and hooke you mtf heboid in this figure following:; |
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Hhe fecond TZoolte. 13
The Curbe and Hooke.
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3^©^5)
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Now wheras fome hor femen giue aduife,that when
theCurbehurtethorgal!eth,eitherto ride without a Curbcjor elfe to make a Curbe of thick do uble Inckle, or a Fillet Lace well platted together. For mine owne part I diflike them both: for firft to ride without * Curbe,is clcane to take away the true vfe of the bytt,
and to make the horfe take fuch an euill habit or falfe jcuftome by fuch needles forbearance,as wil aske much labour after to redrefle, and loofe much time, which 'ttight be fpent forthe horfes better knowledge. Then *°r this Curbe of Inckle,it is both in nature and feeling *° contrary to the perfeft Curbe,that where it ftiould Prcpare a horle for the wearing of the Curbe3 it rather J^akes him vtterly fo forfake it,& neuer after conftant- yioendureit, how encr labored by the beft meanes
^hatfoeuer: therefore if there be any fuch gallings in lheplaceoftheCurbe,Iwifhthehorfe-rnan ratherto * pnt°int it: and by bis owne temper of hand.and the vie
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J the Cauezan to heale it, then by forbearance of the..
^irbe, or making ftrange Curbs, hazard worfeeuils:, lieh tQ °^^eruc tms gencrall rule, that a man muft not^ "ailing and pulling at the Curbe,but bring his horfe,; M 3 tol
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74- ^Ihefecond 'Booty t
to fuch atemper,thatreftinghis head vpon the bytr»
0f thecalut$he may feele theCurbeandno more, of die legges. Hauingjthus {hewed the helps of thebridle,and byt, the.next is the help and corrections of the calues of the legges, which I can neither fo well deliuer, nor you fo well vnderftand as you fhall hereafter when I come to the horfes leflbns;yet fome little tafte I will giueyou: you fhall vnderftand that when you either trot or gal- lop any large ring, manage, or fet any turne whatfoe- uer,looke of what hand you doe any of rhofe roundc ayres : as for example, if you would turne on your right hand, if your horfe fticke, and doe not bring his bodie round and clofe together, but call out his hinder partes, if then you giue him a ftroakewith the calue of your legge vpon the left lidenext behinde the formoft garth, it is then in nature of a c orre&ion, and giuesthc horfe warning of the Spurre, which doth fecond if amendment be not: if when your horfe doth ftoppcand you by Icyfurely laying the calues of your legges to his fides makchim aduaunce( which is an or- nament to his ftopp)in thatplaceit is taken for a help; if when you fet any loftic or (wife turne, you doe couertly lay i he calue of your legge to his contrarie fide, atorvponeueryaduancement; it is then alfo ta- kenforahelpej butthis muft bee done to a ready horfe, with fuch artificiall clofenefTe,that cuen the fi- ned eyde beholder muft hardly perceiue the motion, otherwife it is grotfeand vncomely: for in that I con- fent with La Breuei that thefe farre fetcht motions with the legges, thefe flancke fpurrings,.and vniuer- fitie riding, cuer digging in a horfes fides,are the moft prepofterous motions that can be feen in ahorfeman, and
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clbefecondcBook)e. jf
and are with vs of too great vfe here in England, and
chiefly with fome who take vpon them the skill of in- ftructing others. Next this, is the help ofthe ftirrop, and the ftirrop ohhs ft;rrop.„
leather, which how euer it be neglected is yet doubt- &th% leaches leffe exceeding good,and helpeth a young horfe much ere hee come to knowledge: for if bycarelefneffcor neglect, hee either carrie bis necke or head awry, if yougiuehima good clappe with your ftirrop be- hind the fore ("boulder on the contrarie fide,it will car- reft thefault, and put him in remembrance of his Icf- fon. Againe, if in any gallopping, manage., turnc, fault,orcarriere,your horfe begin to growe idle, and doenotperfue his leffon with fprke andagilitie, if With your feeteyou doe but ierte out your ftirroppes and leathers ftiffely, and with a good itrength, it ihall as much auai'le to his quickning,as ifyou gane him the euen ftroke with both your fpurs; and therein is coun- ted a great help: againe, thofe Iertings and thruilings forward with your legges, ftirrops, and leathers, are and fhould be the fi'rft motiues to make a horfe go for- Wardathisfirft backing. The next help andcorre&ion is ofthe fpurs, which
*Purs,aIthoughfome riders haue fixed a limitation,or of the fpurs, prefixed time when they fhall be worne,or vfed,yetl am of this opinio, that if he be a horfman which wears them, can goucrne both his body and legs, &iknowes ^heato correct, when to help, and whentocherirh, *bat the fpurs are to be worneeuen from the firft brea- king of a coltjfor be wel affured that the fboner a horfe '* made to know the vfe and correction ofthe fpurs, *Jlefrcer hee fhall be from rcftiuenefle, roadnefTe, and |
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j 6 cThefeconrfcBQol<e.
otherfrantickc qualities : Now to knowe when you:
fhallfirft correct a horie with the Spurs it muft feldom be in the violence orchiefe excercifc of any of his firft lefl~bns,as in trotting theRing faft or gallopping: but-rather mthebeginning whenyou tej.ch him to go- er trot forward; for if from the Stable you trot him through fbmetowne,where the fiends fears or frights, feemina to be fearefull,and loath to paife: if after you haue violently thrutl him forward with your feete and ftnrop-lcathers; yet notwithstanding he ftiHftickes.it fhallthenbegocdforyoutogiuehimtheeuen ftroak of your fpunsjand thruft him into a fwift trot for feme twentie paces, andthenchcrifhhim.. Thus you (ball vfehimatleaftadoozen times in a day, tillhee come to both knowledge, tenderneffe, and feare of the Spurre. The Spurre of all other is the feueareft correction,
and is generally vfed in euerylefTon,wherein he fhew- cth cx-cieainedulneiTe,too much apifh wantonneffej too fierce couragioufnes, or too dogged reftines as fnallbe more amply declared both in his leflbns, and the particular corrections of vices; it is a-helpein e- uery Manadge^ fdtzvA ayre aboue ground; and makes them be done with more life and quickneffe, as like- wilefhall hereafter be declared; L aftly, for the help or corrc&ion of the ground, if
confifteth in the vfeaud treading of the Rings; for v the horfe take not vpbisfcetnimbly and roundly, then it fhali be a good helpe for him to be exerctfed vpp011 deepe newe plowed lands: but if he be too fierce and raging,infomuch that he will not trotwith any tempe' raaccor patience,then youfhall correclhim by exct- |
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The Jecond 'Boo^e. 7 7
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cifing him likewifevppon deepe ncwe plowed landes,
whofe foftneffe and painefull labour will foone bring him to a calme and quiet riding, withdiucrfe other ftich like helpes and corrections, which (ball be more largely fpok'e of when we come to the horfes leffons. |
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CHAP. 5.
How to correB-tirkorfe that beareth his head or necks
awry^ aft d of dl vices belonging to the had. DIuers hoKeSjpartly through thebadde conTplex-
ons, and cbs&ellationj vnder, wlhictrtl^suire bred,and partly through the rude and vnlkilfull handling ofmoft indifcreete Riders, are many times cumbred,wuh moftfoule and vnfurFerable diforders, *l,ch as are oft times difficult euen to the beft riders to tedreife,ruturebegctting,andcuilome fortifying their !PUl5sagainfttheftrengthofallinduftrie,whe!:forethat j ttiay as wellas I can, dire«fl ftich as are defirous.of *nowledge,through thefe darke obfcurities,.they fhall' ^nderftand, that faults ingendred by thefe-two enils, £auc two feu era! 1 remedies-, for it they doc proceede f[0iil nature, then muft art correct-tngthecuilneffe of r^t nature inftruclto abetter difpoficion;but if they P^ceedefromcinlome and licence to do euill, then le libertie taken away,the effect thereof nmftneedes rerifli; wherefore to my purpofe: if your horfc carry ols"ead and nccke awry, you fltill firft as he trotteth *~right, (hike him with your contrary fpurre on the ^raryfulcjandwithail carry the reyne of the byte Oil"
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1 8 The fecond 'Boofe.
onthc contrary fide fomewhat fhorter then the othe;
and if at firft it aiuile not,you (h il then carrie the calue of your leggeclofeto the contrarie fide, and at euery foare or fiue fteps,lethim fecle the euen flroke ofthac Spurre. At the vfe of which if you finde he any thing amendeth, forthwith you fhali take away your legge, andbegyvto cheriih him, that knowing his euill he may efchue his euill; for horfes naturally are like fchoole-childrcnj vnwilling to do fhrewdly, chiefly vnder their rydcrs. It is very good alfo, on the con- trary fide, to giuehim a good Itroke with your ftirrop nearethe fhoulder, which will make him caft his head the other way to looke atthe blowe,which as foone as he doth, eafe your bridle hand, take away your foote andcherifhhim. The vfe of which correction ioyned with your cherifhing, will in time bring him to the kuowledgeofhiscrror,and when it is once knowne, it is alfo reclaimed : to thefe former corrections, would a!(b be added the correction oftherodde vpora the contrary fhoulder,for to fomz horfes both are lit' tie enough to awake their remembrance: to thefe cof reel ions you (hall alfo adde now and then a (Turpe zni fudden twitch or two with the contrary reyne of the Cauezan, which will bring him to as fuddaine an ap' prehenfion ofthatfault, as any other correction be forefhewed,euerobfcruingvpon the Jeaft imagine^ amends,not to forget to cherifla him.lt is good now # then alfo to giuehim a twitch or two with the contra-* ry reyne of the flying Trench,which will awaken hitf** andifitbe but oraly in a gaze, yet it will make hinj looke ftraight, which you muft carefully watch, and intheveryinftaut of his ftraight looking, not forge' |
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'The jecond TZooke. 79
tocherifhhim. But if nature and vfehaue fo incorpo-
rated this vice in him, thatall the corrections auailc not,then (hallyou carry him to the rings : and if it be fb that he carry his head and neck to therightfide,thert fliall you trot him about in a fwift trot on the left fide, fonae 2 3. or 2, o.times without intermiffion,according to the ftrength and ability of the horfe; and as he trot- teth,labourhis contrarie fide with the calfe of your leg,the reyne of the Cauezan,and of the nyingTrencb, and ifhe be come to that leflon, it (hall be raoft good lo labour him fome quarter of an houre together in the Iticaualhre and there a no queftion but by theft Jneans(and thefc correiaionSyioyned witha wacchfull «yeandminde,tocherifhhimateuerywe!l doing) he will in very (hortfpace be brought both to the per- fection of head and necke,and to carry all his body in ^n euen proportion: in all which corrections I would haue you mingle thevfe of the fpurrcbut now and- - then 5 yet when youftrike, to ftrike frcely,and foundly, ,°r the tickling or fridging of a horfe with the fpurrc ,s a grofTe fault, and doth breed manifold diforders. . Butifitbefo thathewrieth onelyhismoozell,that 0,, *s hisnofe and mouth awry, andvneomely, except he thing of tile" ^aUe taken it vp of along cuftome, th&very bearing moozeUoniy. °* the contrary reyne of the byte fhorter then the o* tner will amend it; butif it fatle, I would then haue ^°u gyrdehischappesclofe together with aMufroll} hathce may not mouth or writh them, and then in *«ad of a rod ride with a good hand cudge!l,&of that- ^ which lie wryeth his mouth, beatehim wich your 1 dgell,yetfo moderately, that'you neither brufc nor rthis chappes.Andafter fuch corredion^ftillto car- rie-
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So The JecondTSool^e.
rie your cudgel! in his eye of that fide which hee moft
writhech: This means applyed but two or three daies, will without all failehelpe anyhorfe from his fault, I haue feenefomehorfemenvfe another courfe I ftand doubtfull of the goodnelTe; yet this it is; they haue put threeorfourelittlefturpenaileson the infide of the Ports-mouth of the contrarie fide, and likewife three or fourc nayles in his Mufroll,and as many in his head- ftall al,ofthe contrarie fide.Thefe nayles you may keep hidde from fight at your pleaiure, either ifyourhead- ftall be of double leather, or if you fet them in a thinne plate of Iron,not fo broade as the headftall,with thefe ride your horfe about fome fortnight, and it will re- claimehim: yet I am very doubtfull of this rcmedie, becaufe there is no end of the correction, nor fhall the horfe when he obeyethyour pleafure,finde any eafe of his puniihmcnt; by which not knowing his fault from his Well doing,he (hall the longercontimie in his euil» But if your horfe carrie out his nofe, andreynenot if a horfe well,how euerany man defend fuch carriage,yeteuen reynenotweltheiudgementofourfightes, and a world of reafons purpofeles to repeat,afTures vs of the contrary. Wher* » fore when your horie hath taken vnto himfelfe any fuch fault, or vfe, you fhallfirft drawe in your bridle
hand, againft which ifherebell, you (hall then holds your hand at that certainty,and with ftriking him witf1 your fpurres one after another, giue him knowledge of correction: and ifvpon the correction he offer t° preffe forward, you fhall clap your right handvp0'1 themidleofhis creft,andhold hisneckcdowne haro^ & draw your left hand vp a little frraiter: this doing 3* or 4.times together,you fhal find he wil bow his ne<*| |
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The /econd^Boo^e. 81
andalittleputinhisnofej vponthe inftant perfeue-
rance whereof you muft not forget to chcrifh him, but if out of his melancholy or flegmatique com- plexion, hewithftandandrebellagainftthis correcti- on;, you fhall then compell him to goebacke eight or ten paces, and then trot him forward againe, then backward againe, and forward at the leaft a dozen pa- ces together* This is a moft ready remedie for this er- ror,butifftubbornenes haue taken away the benefit of this,youmufttothefecorre£iionsadde the benefit of your bytt, which muft be made of more compafTe, as confifting of at leaft three broken defcents all broken inward, vpon whichkindc ofbyttitisimpoffiblcfora horfe to ftay orfettle his head but he muft needs bring in his nofe.and though atthefirftout of ftubborneffe emayfeeme to carry his head of himfelfe without
the help oft he bytt, yet after long exercife and wcari- Hefte, he will be forc'd perforce to bring in his nofe, or ducking ■and reft vpon the bytt. But if contrary to this vice, he <fownethe°- haue taken acuftometo duckdowne his head,when he head* ^andethftill, which is a moft vncomely fight yet very lr>cidentto diners horfes, You fhall then vpon your ' ftop,hold both the reines ofyour bytt,and of your Ca« J|«zanfirmeasatthe ftop, and by preffing your feete ^ifly forward vppon yourftirrops,holde him thathee j^tyrenotbacke, andif thenhe offer to duckedownc his head, you (bail then glue him a good chocke both Vv*tb your b'rydle and Cauezan. After which if hec °*fer the like againe, you fhall then giue him a ftroake ^ichyour fpurres^ one after another, but if he be of a ot and chollericke nature mad and furious, you fhall'
Q vP°n euery corredion inftantly cherrifh him,'. 'jhae-^
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8i The JecondcBook^.
that he may vnderftand you correft hjm,not for going
buc for (ome other dilorder in his going: and this fhall hot oneiy detaine him from Itriuing againft his bridle or running away, but alfo giue him lb eafiean appre- henfion of his fault, that hee will in very (hort fpace a- mendit, but if he haue taken lueh a generall cuftome of ducking downe his head, that euen in his ordinarie trotthigjor galloping,or going,he wil ftil vfe the famej
you muft then leaue execifing him in any Icffon what- foeuer,and onely pace or trotthim fairely forth right neuergiuing him the leafttafte or feeling of any cor- . re&ion,till he duck downe his head j in the very moti- on whereofjgiue him the euen ftroke with both your fpurs, and a good chocke in the mouth with your bry- dle hand,that he may vnderftand his fault procecdeth from his mouthrwhich done,pace him fairely forward againe,and as oft as he (hall o{fend,vfe this corre&ion, and feare not but within three or foure dayes hee will be fufficienly reclaimed. Many other corrections 1 haue feene for this fault of much morecrucltysbut the/ haucneuer tailed 'well in mine experiences, as for ex- ample:! haue feenefome,that for this faulthaue made theCurbe of their bytt all of one pecce ofyron,and the one end thereof faftned within the mouth of the bytt, then haue they had that parte which lay without vp- pon the lip, and full of (harpe prickes, which when the horfe hath offered to thruft downe his head, by draw- ing or holding thereynes inoneconftantfafliion, the prickes haue run into his chaps, by the fence ofwhic& tormentjthe horfe hath beene reclaimed, the reafofl^ confeiTe is probable enough, yetwheremoreleniti6 will feruewithas little labour and leflc eofh there' |
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Ihe Jecmid cBoo\e. 8 ]
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"Wifh rather for the forgetfulnes then thevfe of tbefe
cruelties,and for mine owne part i haue neuer found ^e horfe which the formerxorre&ions would not or* der and bring to a moft fetled conftancie. |
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CHAP. 6.
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Hew to carreB a Horfe th&tdoth euer-reach orjlrike one
[cote vppon another. OVer-reachingisafault incident to yonng hor-
fesjweake horfes and euill trotting hor.fes; it is alfo begotten by the "mskilfulnrs of the ryder, ^hen at the firrt handling he will thruft the Colt into *sfwift a trot as he can poffible without refpe&ing the "orfes ftrength or naturall skill in trotting; by meanes ^hereof the Colt ftriuing to goe beyond his ordina- te manner,is inforced to ouer reach and clap his feet ^ne vponanother,which in fmall time growes to an "nlciiftome,, whereas eueryHorfeman before hee _ ackc a Colt,(hould haue a diligent eye to his naturall Pace, and if it be comely and fhort, then hemay ven- l^e more boldly, to en ter him into a fwift trot^hich "1 but make him ftrecch out his legs, and bring light* ^ to his body, but if his trot bee long and weake, a ^'[""ft he by any meanes keepehim to alio we tror9 infV ^n§ him wnh his hand, which euen in the » .ant that it giueth libertie, it muft reftraine it a- ^^ne.>Dnng the horfe to a pride in himfelfe, and a 0't .rtneffc of pace. He muft alfo refufe to let a weake ^nd°°fM trotr*ng horfe come vppon deepe plowd' ^con'1 ke haue attained his pace, and brought it to1 €nientflaortnes, but if icio happen (the reafon' 230S£
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84. The fecond IZooke.
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no: being to be difputed on)thatyour horfc doth oiieC
reach,and it is now your office to redrelle it, you fhall fifft(hauingmoddchim with mooes extraordinarily Chore ac theheelcs) befto we fome three or foure daye* labour in bringing him by the tenderneffe and gentle vfe of your hand to a foft and flo wc trot; in which flovV trot,you fhall with the help of the calues of your leggS the found of your voice, fhake of your rodde oucr his earcs,and now and then with the euen ftroke ofbotfo your fpurresfo quicken andftirrehim vp, that partly •out ofcourage partly oucoffeare,hemay gather vp his feete fo thicke,and fet them downe alfo fo thicke, that he may feemetotrotas he ftandeth, and gayneth no ground,which vfe will bring him to fuch a fhortnes oi treading,that within a little fpace he will cleane forgtf his ouerreaching,and loofe long trotting; but if he be of fo dull and heauie adifpofition,that this agilicie and quickneffe will not be fore'd into him,then it fhall not be amide if you digge your large ringes full of ffoyre* and degrees, fuch as you fhall fee worne by tracke ol horfes in the fouleft winter waics, and for a weeke o( thereabouts onely excrcife him in the fame, and as h? growes cunning in them, fotoincreafethe fwifcnefi* of his pace. I hauc not approued any correction betted then this,for this fault. To ride your horfe in a har<* ground that is very full of thirties, or amongfl fh°fc gorffkax whinaes is exceeding good, both to reined"2 this euill,and to make a horfe trot lofrilie and clean'/' Forit will euen make a naturall ambler to trot. **. touching the Growing of your tinges with ftones 013'. forts, therby to take from him his ouer-reaching,^' much a^ainft it, for there is no reafon leades the ^\ |
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Thefecmd Boo^e. 8?
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and fure I am, there "be many euils which purfue it, as
namely the brufing or tearingof his hoofs,the beating him vpponthe neather ioyntsj which would not onely bring foorth windgallesjnit alfo lameneffe; and the incctxamtic of his foote-hold, which to the wcakenes of his pace will bring not onely ftumbling,butalfo fal- ling. And thus much I thinke fufficient for the amend- ment of this fault. |
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CHAT, 7.
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&ow to correctthe euillmo thru in ahorfe, which arefiewed
by the Cartage of bis he*d or coresy or other outwur&figms* DIuers horfes when they are corrected for any
fault, and especially with the foiirre, will fhake , their heads-, which is a figne of much malitious _ °ggedne(Te, anddefirous of reucnge; which when y°ufhall perceiue, immediately giue him the eucn *roakeofyour fpurres, andif he double his offence, Oe you alfo double your correction, not gftuing ouer J%ou haue got theconqucft; and to that corre&ion lr'g!e two or three good ftrokes with thebigge end yourrodde,vpon his headbetweene his eares,butif "J perceiuethat hepriekcth forward one of his eares a{r; ^Ppeth the other ciofe to his necke,be then moft by^6^ 'le mtcn^cth fom-e mifebiefe: as to plunge, to t)L^' C° ^ri^e or t0 tye d°vvnc,which to preuent,omit tng*° lncerrupt him>y gluing him a found ftroake on •°ntrary fide to that eare which he moll mooueth, N with |
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26 Ihe/econd 'Boofy.
with your fpnrre, and if he inftantly rayfenot both his
carestogetherjfecond that ftroake with two or three moe, that your correction going beyond his frenzic? you may turne his fuilennes into fearefulnes : it fhall notbeamiffeif tothefeforn>ertcorrc6tioris you adde tbeterrour of.your voice i y threatning him with a lowde voice*, and prefentlyvponhis amendment both conuert your corrections to chemftung^ and your thretnings to fweete language. Now you are to take this obferuation euerwithyotf, which is, that you be fure when he vfeth any of tbefe motions, that they doe proceede from the fullenneffe ^n<J cuiH habit of his difpo{ition,coinplexion or ill in- ftruc"Uon,and not from other fecond caufes: as if at ths ..... time oftheyeareahorfe beftung with flyes, or a fiys chance to getintothehorfesearesjiutbefo that the :ireadftallof the-brydlefliallhurt him about .the top of the head, or about the rootes of the eares* or if the Saddle fhall wringor pinchhis backe; orif .you (hall ride foclofe with your heeles that your fpurres tickle ■ h'imvpon the {ides,there is not any ofthefe caufes buc will make a horfefhake his head, lay downe his eare*> and fhowthefe frowning countenances of much H'** lennefle; whichifatanytimeyou fmde, doe butf^' '-" mouethecaufe, and the effect will little or not at a'1 ; trouble you, which if it do«, youmayfoonecithcrb; ■;;. thruilinghim roundly forwarder with the euen fl&°* of your fpurs,put fuch toyes out of his remembran^' If cither in your trauelling,marching,or confoi'a'1^ ainongft other horfes, your horfe fhall be Co ramnr-S and vnruely, that he will not injure their compa^*1 ^ -bis; falLawhynning>byu'ngand ftriking, you fhalltf1 mediatfv-
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Ibefecond "Booke. $J
mediately vppon any of thofe offers,gine him the euen
ftrokeofyour fpurs/doubling itfo oftas his franticke clifpofition fhallgiucoccafion , to which correction you fhalladde the terror of yourvoice3and in great ex- treamitytheftrokeofyour rodde bet wecne his eares. Zrt#w/<f is of opinion, thatto takefrom a horfe this fault,and to breede in him an acquaintance and famili- arity both with other horfes and the vfe of trauell, tfyat it is very good now and then to hunt your horfd a- mongit other horfes-^&fometimes to follow the chafe, Queltionleffe it cannot doe amiffe in his fence;and bis reafonisvery welltobeallowdeof, for heedoth not meane our Englil"h manner ofhunting,but the French manner where the chafe is neither fofwifc,fo paineful norfoIonginduringasoursheerein£»g7<j#^3re : for to rake a horfein rhefulneffe cf fldTi and facie kept j in
the height of pride and cafe, and runne him but one fent after our Englifh houndes, and amongft our hun- ting horfes j beleeue it he mail be the worfefor it the whole yeare after, albehis keeper performe his full °ffice and duties but the meaning of La Breue, is mo- derate exercife and trauell, either in hunting or other- wife amongft other horfes,according to the abilitie of *he horfe brings a horfe from fueh vilde cotruptions °fminde and nature, and to fuch peaceable acquain- tance with other horfes, that neither in trauell in the j*nd of peace, nor in feruice in the warres, he will *«o we any barbarous or rude difpqfition. |
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N a ctiAP. &
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88 *lhe Jecond^Boo^e,
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CHAP, 8.
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Corre&iomagainjlreftifem, and the feuerall
kinder thereof. REftifenes proceedeth from two caufcs, Nature or
CuJtome3Naturea.s if the horfe be of bafe and vilde (pirit, or of too (tout and ccuragious feirceneffe: Cuflome, as from the tolkration and fufferance of thevnskiifuil ryder, who either wanting knowledge how to correct, or valure to dare to correct, fortefies by his ignorance or cowardife , thofe errors in the horfe, which with much arte and difficultic are re- claimed. Now for naturall reftifencfTc, that which proceedeth from bafenefTe, is whenahorfes cxercife exceedesh is owne will, or that hee is a little wearyed, foorth of faint ipirithe, immediately giueh■ ouer, and will doe iuft-nothing. That which proceedeeh from pride of courage, is when ant labour exceeded! his owne appetite, he immediately falles to-plunge, (hi* king,bytingorfuchlikc, thinkingto eafehimielfeby the difeafe of his ryder: as for thofe plungings,or lea- pings, which a horfe doth vfe at the firll mounting) I holde them rather to come from ignorance then re- ftifnefTe, and are foonc amended. Cuflomary reffiuC neffe is when a Horfe finies his ryder aifraide of him, and that hee rather fnffers him in his euiil,thef* dares to punifh him, from whence the hotfe take* fiich ftoutnefle, that what hee will doe hee will d°e> and more he will not doe, enenindifpight of his fty* der. Ofthefe kindesof reiHuenefle that which conlcS of cuflome is the worlh hecaufe it addes as it \s'efC |
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€lbefecond(Boo%e. $9
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to-thefe another worfethen any; that is,when natural!
fcftifiiefr<e,and cuftomarie reftifneffe meete both in ©ne f ubie&, and fo ioyning both their forces ftretch art to his higheft knowledge. Wherefore to begin firft with fuch horfes as are Of rdiifm:It-
rcftife out of the bafeneffcof their naturesjiffuch a one|°?™'"^f i i t t -ii i catenate,
you chance vpon, and that he will not by any meanes
goe forward3 you fhall then lead him to fame ftraight Wall, and there mounting his backe, offer to put him forward, which if herefufeto doe3you fhall your felfc fit ftill without offer of correction, & make fome (tan- kers by with long poales beate him about the xthigbe$ and legges,rating him with their voyces without cea- fing till he goe forward 5 which alToone as he doth, let *hem leaue ftriking, and begin you to cherifh him; in this fort let him purfue him from one onde of the wall *° the other feauen or eight times together at thy leaft, ^ntill fuch time that with thevcry motion or thrufting ^rward of your legges, he will freely and of his owne accord goe forward, And if at any timeduring this ex- c£cife,he (hall caft his buttockes or hinder legges from *he wall,you fliall forth with saufe the ftanders by with heir poales to beate him about the houghes till he car- 'shisbodie euen. Lt may be at the firft rather then he • ■"' goeforward,he will rnnue backward; but refpeft , not^ let the ftanders by vie ftill their corre&ionjtill ,e take his way according to your ownfancie: which r°n flight from his backe,cberifh hirrijand giue him a ^ething to eate,and fo lead him to the ftable,where aoer he hath refted two of three houres,take him out ^ainesapplying him as before: and doe thus three or ,re times a day for thefpace offour.daies attheleaft N 3 and |
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'Jbejecond TZooke.
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and chere is no doubt to be made of his relay mingjbnc
forthe vfeofthis in the plaine field, or vppon newe plowed ground, I holde it altogetherprepofterous and againft Art,albeGrifort agree with itjfor theplaine fielde giueth too great libertie for other as grofTe diforders: and for the new plowed ground, the horA fes fault proceeding from weaknefle, and faintneffe of nature, that were euen the way to make him growe dcfperareinhisfaintnefle; yctthusfarrel will exeufe Grifcny that in hisdayesl thinke the vfe and benefite of the itraightwalijWas either notkuowne,arat leali notpra&ifed. Now where as fome horfemen in reclaiming fuch
horfes vfe al violent courfes,neuer ceafing beating and {hiking thchorfe till they force him to gallop and run euen to the vttermoft of all his force: this I diflike as much as the other: for whereas in thefe cafes of reftif- nefle a horfe (hold haue the vnderftanding of his fault giuen him in the plaineft manner that might bee; thefe violences take both from the horfe the apprehenfiotf of hiseuill, and from thetnan patience to deliuerthe caufeof hiseuill. Other horfemen I hauefeene,and it was the auncient praclifeof o\&eClifford> to tie a long cord,platted faft in the haires to the fterne of the hor fc5 tai!e,and when the horfe refufed to go f orward ,to haitf, aftanderby to pull at the cord with all his force, as i* hewouldhailethehorfebackwerd, whereat the hof^ out of his doggedneffe, rather then he would be hai|r' backe, would preflfe forward, which as foone as he or fred to doe, the by ftander let goe the cord,and the tf'.; der cherifht the horfe. But if it happen fo, that none 0? thefe corrections wiUauaUe, then Lwoul4 haue y°l* |
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SF&fecond'lBoake. pi
ypon his (landing ftill,, to make a ftander by take a drie;
wifp.Cj.and.vvrithci? hard about a Pqale, then let it on a flame of fire, and bringing it before the face of th§ horfe, thruft it againft hisbuttockeSj and againft his cods, andthere isnoqueftionto be made, but he wilt goe forward, and one^y to be feared that he will doejjC but with too great violence: for fire of all things isthat element which a horfe will not induve: you may if you pleafe, and if his ftiibbornnefte draweyou thereuntOi caufefome ftander by to prick hirn in the buttock with a hot burning yrotn or goad • but the former correcti- ons I thinke will be fufficient. Now forthe horfe whofe reftynes prqeeedeth from Refiifcntifs
pri.de,and ftoutnefle of courage;*(which off is found in tf»c comes of ianguine and choilericke complexions) you rauft[™c& cou' vnderftand, that his faults are plungings,boundings, and fuch h^rcedi(orders : whetforeif atanytijrpeyou, findehim foaddi&ed, you fnall immediately put vp* °n hinuhe Mufroil, and the Martingall, binding the Mufroil to fuch a ftraitnefte, that when he (hail at an]? tittle exceed the Hmics of his'Trench,, and the due pro- portion qfhis beft reyne,- bee m;ayjf^ftb-wi£h feele '$* pinching of hisMufrolLAn.d jf^pif feali(|;ill this er- r°T be reclaimed)takefronihim thevfeof thebytt and °"ely vfe of the Mufroil, Martingall, and Trench, you |
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*jb»U do much better > for this is agene
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rail rule,and in-
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^al|ible, and I dare veryjwell'auerreitvpon many fuf-
hcient and experienced trialls, that any horfe of what
pature or qualitie foeuer hee bee, I will keepe him
_rPm all diforderly plunging or leaping with the Muf-
p,an^ l^e M artingall oneiy, for the reafon is this j if
°nemanbeevppon fuch a reftiffe hories backe,
N 4 and
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pi The /econd<Boo^e. -
and firft fee that the Martingall holde the horfe to the
orderly proportion of his reyne, and then the ryder hold'vphishead^foasbyno meanes he may thruft it bctweene his legges, or win it to fuch a loofneflTe from the riders handjthat he may yarke vp his hinder partes at his pleafure: then of necefnty it mud follow that the horfcs head being held at fueh aconftancie,betweet>c the ryders hand which holdes vpward, andtheMar- tingsll which holdes downward,; that there is left vnto thehorfe no poffible meanes or abilitie ta diforder by plunging* Wherefore to concluded his reftifnes con- :fift onely in difordcrly plunging, there is not in all the Arcof Morfmanfhip,. a more infallible remedie then ' thcMufrdllj and the Martingall; Other remedies I knowebothGfi/en^LABroue, anddiuers other Horfe- nienhaueprcfcribedj which carrie in them fufficienc Tcafon,but much care,more toyle,& moft lofle of time; as foV-exannple,to ride a horfe in the open field, and if while!*he tsin the exercife of his leffons,you fhall per- ceiue that he prepareth himfelf for fuch diforders,that then vpon fuch imaginations you fhall begin to rate himjbciteHi'iii^bduithehe'adjandvponthefore-legsi when it may falfbik yourthought may erf e, and then your corrections preceding his faults, may out ofdef- perateneffs beget a fault the horfe neucr thought of,l°, that in this your too great hafte to preuent a fault.yon may ingender afault.And 1 hold it more inexeufabtej when with lefle trouble it may bee preuented; then With the cxpence and loffe of time, hardly reclayme"' Others vfc to ride with a fharpe naile in their hand* with which they prieke the horfe continually behind^ ypontherumpc,neucr remouingthepuniflimeiitj^1 , |
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Tbefecond ISookg. y 3
the horfe leauc his ftubbornnefle.This founds in mine
experience vcrygrofly, for fuch compun&ions and tortures will euen force the beft and moft gentleft dif- pofed horfe,to leap,plunge,and diforder, and then if a roan will fuffer a horfe of free andftout courage, nay more, compcllfuchahorfeto plunge whileft he is a- ble, youfhallnotbnclyrcclaimehim from that vice, but alfo from all vertues, foritisthchiewayto kill a horfe;& of this I hauegoo"cTexperience,for I h ad once vnder my hand a Marc, bred from an excellent race of Gourfers, which out of her hie pride and ftomackes Was naturally giuen to the vice of plunging, which WhenI perceiued,and noted the manner of her leaps, Which were euer exceeding hie, andfo roimd,thatfhe Would haue fetched twentie or thirtie together, all in the compaffeof her length, by mcanes whereof fhee Would plunge her Riders foblinde, that not any mau Was able to fie her: my felfe ( being then young, and fomewhatidly wittcd) intending to trie experiments, Ireclaymedthat Mare, onely to mine owne vfe, and for mine owtie Saddle, to which fhe was as gentle, and as orderly in all vfes, as any beaft whatfoeuer, but r° all other menfo deuililb, and full of ftubbornneffe, lhat I ncuerfawe any man whatfoeuer hee was, that Was able to keepe her backe, infomuch that of di- ners Horfe-men I wanne diuers wagers; amongft whbnieiaCoatehmanthat Wasa ftronge rough Ry- Y^and hadrcceiued of hcrtwoor three falles, whe- ther mooued with paffion, or defire of eonqucft, I k"owe not, but when my felfe was at dinner, and the ^e hon'fhold alfo, he tooke the Mare priuately,, wnh a great Horfe Saddle on her backe into a ftraite- H 5 : waid M
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94- %bt JecondTpoJ^e^
wald placejWhich was not aboue feaue or eightyards
fquare, and there taking her backe (asheconfeftjhee; thought fhcgauehim aboue twentie falles; bur he not defifting, did continue till he was able to continue no longer, andin the end maiftered her, and made her to trot about gently: but iathe next morning I found the Mare dead in her Stall,which amazing me, I opened her with mine owne hands, bothtoflndethecaufe of :herdeath3.beingfofuddaine,3ndalfQ for other experi- ments, & 1 found that her rimrne was broken, her call cleaneconfumed,.and her heart fwellcd as biggeas fine hearts, andthcbloud about it as blacke as"leaf whichfigncsa0ured.methecaufeofherdeath,but by no means it would beconfeft,till almoft a quarter of a •yeare after,whcn both griefe and furie being fpent,th,e Coachman of himfelfe declared the maner of his trialj from whence I conclude that whofoeucrto a horfe of right breed,courage,and complexion, will giue or in- force libertieof plunging,he fhall(as mine old maficc worthy maifter Storie was wont to fay) neither euer be good horf man.,-nor euer make good horfeumt if the? horfes frenzie and rebellious nafure,be either (o great, that the formerrulespreuailenot,orthe Riders vn'der- ftandingfolkfle, that out of true Arte and Judgement, inryding, heknowes not well how to reclayme him from thcfe plungings, I would then haije hisa ta Watch his horfe, and for three or fou.re nights-^sn^ dayesbynomeanesfurferhimtofleepe, or clofe b4S eyes, which he may doe either by keeping candle5 light in the Stable, or elfe by fome extraordinari3 noyfe or other diligence.After heis thus ouer watcfrt, andthatheisreadictoileepeas he fhndes, you |
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<ThefecondcBoo%e. 95
take him foorth and ride him vppoh fome new
plowed pcece of gcound:and if you chufe your hourcs fortius purpofe, to be at fuch timeasthenightsare darkeft, It is a great deale the better : and by this meanesonely Ihauefeene moft dcfperate hoffes re- elaymed, prouided alwaies that you obferue in the time of your ryding, to ryde him with the Trench, Mufroll,and MartingalL There be diuers horfes which hatie fuch euill habits
of minde, and befo vnreprelTable in the violence of their furies, that when they cannot preuaile by their plungings, eyther to caft their Ryders, orto gayne to themfeluesthateafewhiehtheyeouet, they will after they haue plunged them feIueswearic,faItdowne, and in difpight of all ikokes, or ordinarie corredions,noc ftirre from the ground til they haue gotten breath, and then rife vp and plunge as before. In this cafe,I would haue you as foone as he falleth downe, (as neare as you can poflibIe)to keepeyour felfein the Saddle,and to lie with your horfe for companic j then you fhali caufe prefently fome flander by, to take a Bottle of drieftrawe,andlay it round about the horfe, efpeci>» allyaboutandvndethisnofeand face : then inftant- Jy to kt it on fire round about him 5 at the fight where- of, there is no queftion but he will rife vp} andpardy out of feare, partly out of furie, take his way forward j, y^hichwhen heedoth forget not inftantly to cherifh "im, nay if he but rife vp onely, although he doe nor PrefTe forward, yet forget not to cherifh him. By this co»rfeonelyl haue reclaimed diuers, and feene di- «rs reclaimed by others : forget not then (o oft as «*faus offendeth, but thus to torment him and I dare almoin
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$6 cIfafecond<Book$.
almoftaffurcyou, this:pra&ife will not neede aboue
twice or thrice for one horfe at the raoft. There arc another fort of horfes , which hauing
plunged,and leapt disorderly, whileft they haue cither breath, orftrength, and not being able to leapc any more, willfoorthwithftandeftoneitilland not ftirre anyfoote,howeuervrgedby the violence of any cor- rection. Remedies for this fault I haue prefcribed in the beginning of this Chapter, where I fpeake of i thebafeneffe of the horfes nature, for it proceeds but feldome of mettle or good courage; yet forafmuch as euery one in fuch cafes as thefe, muft inuent for him- , fclfe new remedies,where he findes olde precepts faile him,for thence fprings the proofc of his Arte: and for that there be diuers pradifcs at this day,both amongft vs and ftrangcrs, for the amending of thefe faultes, fome carrying in them apparanccofreafon; fome no Similitude of fence s yet becaufe I wilJ not be the onely peremptory Iudge,that am the meaneftofmany fchol- lers, I will Chew you both theirs and mine ownc, an4 leferrethe vfeto the liking of beft wifdomes. It hath beene the practife of fome Morfe-metij
when they could not make their horfe goe forwarde, to tie a fhrewd Cat to a Poale, with her head and feetc atlibcrtic, andfp thruftingitvnderthe horfes bellic* or bctweene his lcgges,*o make her fcratch,byte,and clawehim by the Coddes, and other tender partes of the bodic : the ftrange torment and violence whereof, will make any horfe ftarte, and runne a way- Others haue taken a Hedgehbgge, and tying it ftraitP by the foot vnder the horfes taile, the Hidioufneffe °* the crye of that little bcafte , will make a Horfe |
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Vhe feconcffiookf* 97
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not oncly goe forward, butalfo runne away violentlie.
The like wil the crie of a young whelpe doe,and to fay truth,any fuddaine or ftrange noyie,orany inftant af- fright or amarement,will make the horfe run away.O- thers haue vfed a long pcece of yron of a foot long, all full of pricks like a Meckel, which beingfaftned to the crooper,and hanging downe by the horfes buttocks,it mufthaaea long cord made faft to the other end, which cord paffing betweene the horfes legges, muft comevptothehandoftherider,fothathe may at his pleafure torment or eafe the horfe as he lift, and by this irtftrument, fome fay horfes haue been reclaimed. Others haue vfed to put a cord with a running iknot about the horfes flones, and to take the other end of the cord in their hand, and foattheirpleafurestopult ttftraighter, which torment beingmoft infufferable hath made a horfe to goe forward violently. This pra<SHfe I finde allowed both for this and other purpo- fes by La Broue, and fome other horfernen, but as be- *°tc 1 faid, fo 1 fay againe,that(vnder the reformation ^ftheir better knowledges (Ineitherlike nor would haue any man either pra£tife this or any of the other Cxperi:nents; myreafon being, that they are all of that cnteitie, either in out wiardiy tormenting the bo- ^e with extraordinary paine, or inwardly appalling ^e minde with affright and amazemenr^that they doe r°tfo much good in redreffing that on*: fault; as hurt in breeding many faults of much more worfe nature. *"ora horfe that is of good courage and mettall,when eeitherfedes any ofthefefuddainetorments, orap- Preheadsaffrights, dothnot inftantly goe forward,, 11 is againft his nature, butfirfk begins to Icape, P>Bg?r
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9^_________Tbsfecond "Boo^e,
plunge,kicke withonelegge, or offer to byte, or fuch
like motions, which,when he findes not aiiailc he falls euenoutof defperationto runne violently away for when a Horfc is payned and neither knowes from . whence it proccedes nor for what offence h«e is pu- nifhed, heehath for himfclfe no remedie but plun- ging, by ting and running away, as for example : I hauefeene wife men (as they haue beene rydinp-a- broad) to makethemfelues{portwith Fooles, haue made one put a nettle vnder the Fooles horfes tayle butthehorfeharhnot vpon theacte runne away i?ut firft falnc to plunging and leaping, and in the end if thetorment haue continued, hec hath,runne away; cuen of the felfe fame nature, that the nettle is, the fame is the fcratcbing of cats, the crying olhedgehogsy the howling ofwhelpes, the pricking of yrons,and the pinchingoftheftones: fo that to conclude, it is as good thehorfe fbould ftand ftill, as by teaching him to goe,to lcarne him to plunge, byte, ftrike Of reftifneffs and runne away. If thenyoudemaund of me'in this Stfrom ,cafe' what"to be done'1 anfwfirc» »fyou haue a horfe
My. infedtedwiththiskindeofreftifneffeofftandinCT ftill, (which continually proceeds from folly)you fhallfirft
when you take his backe, after you are Well fetlcd and haue paufed a while, firft by thrufting foorth your f set hard and ftiffe vpon your ftirrops, you fhall offer to putforwardyourhorfe; whichmotionif hewill not vnderftand, after you haue done it twice or thrice e- uery time ftronger then other, you fhall make a ftafl' -derby,inftantlytakehimbythehead, and leade bin* forward a dozen paces and more, your felfe and th« ftander by alfo cherrifhing him as he goes, and wi^ putting
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*Tbe Jecond ^Booke. 9 9
putting your feetc forward flifFe vppon your ftirrops,
quicken him vp,and make him goe eheacefully,which when he doth, the {lander by may lay off his hand,and you may make him goe three or foure fteppes of his ©vvne accordjWhkh when hehathdonc, immediately flop him,chetrifh him,andgjuehim graffe or fomc- thingelfetoeate. In this forte I would haueyou tolabouryour horfe
three or foure times in a day, for a weeke together, in all which time, I would haueyou to vfe nocorre&ion wbatfoeuerjeuher offpurre,rodde,voice or any thing elfejthat your horfe may by your patience and tempe- rancecome to a perfed knowledge of your minde 01? intention; whichhenofoonerknowes but-out-ofthc tra&abiiitie of his owne nauue,he is as willing to per- forme as you to proffer. Afteryouhaue allured your horfes knowledge Co
much that he kno wes when he fhall goe forward,then if either out of his chiulifoneffe or refliue nature hee rebcll and withftand your minde, then you fhall cox- rect him.with the euenfirokc of both your fpurres, ■Withyour roddeouerhisleft fhoulder, and with the threatningof your voice: all which, if they doe not pfcuailc,you fhall then as before make vfc of the {lan- der by who fhall not onelyleade him, but alfo beate ''im till he performe your minde with chearefulnefTe, which as foone as he doth,forthwkh cberrifh-himjand Eiuehimfomewhattoeatc. By this lenitie and gentle nieanes,firft making your horfe to knowe your minde, and after to vnderftand the caufe of-his punifhm,e«t °r difobeyjng your minde, you fhall make no oudc but [,ee Yj{{\.performs ail you -can deiiro, |
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Wltil
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loo <lhefecoml<BQQkg.
with both feare and dilligence, for it is a maximc in
horfemanfhip, that as knowledge is the miftrefTe of arte and obedience, fo ignorance is die roote of all euillanddiforder* Nowa'befome horfemen, and cfpecially LaBroue
is of opinion, that this gentleneffe in reftrayning re- ftine horlesjis oneiy to be vied but toColtS; and fuert young horfes, wh-oic faults oneiy proceedc from .fol- lie,and nuturuli wtai'encfTe, for mine owne part, I haue found boch by experience, and doe approue it in natural! reafon; tnarthefegcnerall courfes which doegiueahorfe the foreft knowledge, and playneft inftruc1tionaretheoneh'vVX.iredrncanesro bring our defires to a perfect end. Other tfickes or violences being butlikefuperhciallworkes, which may came a fhowe or apparance, but neuer continue or worke in a naturall faftiion: and thus much for the reftif ncs and their feuerallkindes. |
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CHAP. 9.
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ffow towreff a, herje that ranntth away, and the
caufeof fucheuill. THisviceofrunningaway, how euer other men
are contrariiy opinionated j yet for mine own^ part, I hold it for mod vndoubtcd truth, that it c uer proceeds from ignorance, andwant of difcretio£ intheHorfeman, and neuer from any naturall defe# or inclynation in the horle, for itis <jueftionleffe tha 3 horfetaketh no delisht in running away, but rathe s & feeler |
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^Jhefecx)ndcBoo^e, for
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offence and diflike; the caufes which make a horfe w
runne away be thefe: Firfr,if a horfe be of afhort fore-hand.)thatis,haue a
iliort,chicke necke,and a ftrait chaule, if then his rider (wanting arte)goe about bycompulflon eyther of cru- cll and fharpei-byccs, or by tormenting cha/nes and ca- uezans,to make him to haue a better reyne then nature or proportion will allow, In this cafe a horfe beeing tormentedabouehispower,and neither knowing the caufe,nor hairing abilitie to eafe his paine,he prefently begins to runne away, foolifhly thinking to ouergoe that which he carries away with him. Secondly if the Ryder haue an vncemperate hand, which euerpullet'i . and hangeth vponthe horfes mouth,ncuer giuinghim ' eafe or fweetneffcjthe horfes mouth will grow fo dead and fencelelfe, that when he fhall be put to any tiling contrarie-to his owne minde,he will prefently runne a- Way, hauing loft the tenderneffe of his mouth, which euer kept him in obedience.Laftly,if the ryder for euc- ry fleight offence in the horfe,or to fhow in him more spirit and courage then he retayneth; when he would banc the horfe doc that which neither himfeifenor the borfe knowes how to doe,ifhefall to fpurre and firike £is horfe in any of thefe cafes, the horfe findes no eafe l,t by running a way.
If then it be your chance to lightvpon the reuerfion
^anyfuch horfe, who by thefe former ignorances., . atb got this fault of running away, you fhall flrft put ,n"is mouth afmootheworneTrench, andvpponhis ead a ftrong Mufrolfand a good Martingale, then ta-
§'iIsbacke, you fhalbidehim intofome fandieor
«"rtll^jy Way, where you fhall at the end of euery ten
O or
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i o i 7 he fecond Ijoo^e*
-or twenty yards,make him ftop cVgoe backe, thus ft all
you do for a mile or two ryding.during which time if he take any fuddainetoy, andib run away,you (hall in his running let the reynes of your bridle (lack,then fud- dainlydrawe them vp againe, theneafe them againe, and drawe them vp againe, and queftionles by fo doo- ing r, or 4. times together,you fhall make him ftay-jth'c reafon being rhathis liberty giues him fuch a perfect feeling of the correction, in one inftant feeling tw® contrarieSjthatisEafe&Paine^hateuenvvith amaze- ment he will yeelde and ftay. Where on the contrarie part, that you fhall continually as he runncs pull and hang vpon his head, not lettingjiim feele any eafe or liberty at all,the very want of that contrary knowledge, fhall make him runnc away the fafter. This cowfeoi reclayminga horfeby gentleneffe, and oft (topping and going backe, Jhauefound much toauaile,and it is very well allowed of by many horfcmen, elpcciall/ by La Eroue. But if the rnallice of your horfes nature be fo great*
that notwithstanding the former obferuations, th«
horfe (till conrinueth running away, you fhall thd1
asfooneasherefufethtoyeeldcto your hand, thrutf
him foorth of the hie way vppon fome deepe nev*^
plowdelandy and there euen force him to runne til'
hee beginne of himfelie to yeelde, which when y^
feele, you (hall then ftay him, and rctnrne agai°w
tothehyeway. Whereasyoudid before, you ik^
againe trot him twenticyardes, and ftoppe him, ■&&
gallop tweatyyardes and fo ftoppe him, and fo as be'
ibire continue the fpace of a miIc,obfermng at eueu
ifcoppe to make him goe backe two or three pac^'
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1 hefecond ^Boo^e. i aj
inwhichfpaceif againehee offer to runne away, you
fhallagainethruft him ouer the dcepe landes as be- fore, and doe but obferue this order thrice a day at theleaft for a weeke together, and there is no quefti- on but you (hall reclaime him. Some will obied that this courfe which I hauc
prefcribed, is of two great violence, and may indan- gerboththeHorfes ftrength and winde, but they are deceiued •, for I doe not giue directions that you (hall force your horfe to runne ouer deepe landes, fo long as he is able to runne (for that were not to hurt but to kill) but till fuch time as either hee (hall yedde to your hand, or^clfe through his ownc wearinefTe fail to aflowcr pace in his running, which if you obferue, ;Wwell affured the horfe will neuer doe himfelfe hurt out of his owne nature. Againe, this manner of reclaiming a runne away
Horfe, doth neither hurt the horfes mouth, or bringes him to other inconveniences,whieh will aske as much °r more labour to amend, then tha fault it felfe. There bee fomcHorfemen, whichwhen theyhaue
^runne away Horfc, will ride him into a ftraite lane, a»d there thrufting him into afwift Cariert, then com- bing to the place oftheftop, if the horfe doe refufe, *nd offer to rtmne further, then hee will haue Tome tenders by with long poalesto ftrike the horfe vpon *"c nofe andface, and fo compell him to ft ay. * Others will haue wifpes of fire vppon their Poales,
^thruftthem into the horfes face, but both thefe
j^yes i vtterly diflike , for they breede in the Horfe
Ucb a cowardlineffe and fearefulnefTe, that a horfe Co
cc*aymcd3 willloofe his natiue valure, which aboue
O 2 all
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io/j. ¥he Jecond'Booke.
all things fhould bee preferued, and neuer after be
brought either to indure the man or any warlike in- counter. AgaineJ did once fee aGentleman goe about to reclaime a runne away by this meanes; but the ftan- ders by in ftead ofthe ftriking the horfe, ftrake the Ri- der, & knockt him belide his horfes backe; fincc when I was neuer much inamored of fuch a praftife. There be others that will tie a ftring about the hor-
fes ftones, and then bringing it betweene the horfes legs,faften it about the pommell of the Saddle, and then when the horfe runneth away, to drawevp the ftring foftraight,thatby the cramping of hisftonss to force him to ftoppe. This is allowed by fome horfe- men,yet I cannot but diilike it,for it is nothing but tor- ment thatmakethahorfe runne away, and therefore mcthinkesthe increasing of torment (hould alfo in* creafethefault,andthatby confequence if this pract- ifewill make a horfe ftoppe, why then fpurring him will doe the fame, for they be puniflhments both of a nature, but our experience allures vs no fuch effe&es ifllies from fuch pra&ife. There be others that will haue a ftrong cord which
liauing one end faftned exceeding ftrongly to the p6' mell ofthe faddle,willthen put a very ftrong paftern6 vpon one of the horfes hinder feete, then patting th6 other end ofrhecordethorowe the pafterne, bring ^ againetothe faddle pommell; then when the horis runneth away, to pull the cordc vp with all y°l ftrength, by which meanes you (ball take from t'1? horfe thevfeof one of his hinder legges, andcomp6' him eitherto ftoppe or fall do wne, by vfe whereof"1 horfe will be brought to forfake hisi auk, and will iW |
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*7 befecond 'Boofy. i o;
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at your pleafure. Both this pra&ife and the other next
before it,I haue feene vfcd by Profpero, & finde them at this day allowed of by La Breue-Sox mineowne part,the former I would neuer vfe neither this latter,but either When my wit failed me for better inuention, or when for experience fake I trie the nature of euery pra&ife. But for general! fatisfa&ion,be wellaffured that if
the firft precept in this chapter be followed with good labour & diligence3it wil reclaime any run away horfe of how vilde condition foeuer he bejyetfome perhaps may vrgevnto me this doubt, that horfe which out of ftrength ofhead,andchurlifhnefTeofnature3runnes a- Way, will not be turned of which hand a man pleafes, but the more a man ftriues to turne him, the fafter hee Will runne the contrary way, and truely I doe confeffe it many times falls out fo: which asfooneas you fhall Perceiue,you fhall then vfe thofe helps & corrections, which are heereafter deliuered,where I fpake of Hor- des that are harder to turne of one hand then the other, the lead of which remedies will amend his fault* After you haue with the fmoothc-worne Trench
and martingale reclaimed your horfe, yo« fhall then put into his mouth a fmoothe Cannon bytt, and vpon his head the Cauezan of onepeece,and with them ride "imjandinftru&himinfuchlefTons, as either he hath *)°t learnd,or is inlearning,and if you fhallarany time "nde him ro reft his head too heauily vpon your hand ^vhich is a teftimonie of his hardnefTe of mouth) you Jnall then raife the bytt a hole higher in his mouth,and °P'aceitinfuchaplace, where formerly it hath not i • » by which meanes you 'fhall inftantly finde in m Inch tenderneffe of mouth, and lighmeffe of
O 3 head,,
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lo6 The Jecond'Bool^e.
head, that hee will performe your will with great o-
bedience; And for mine own part I haue diuers times reclaimed runne away horfes, with no other meanes but by rayfing the byte higher in the horfes mouth onely. Now to conclude, albe there are fome (which take
vppon them the name of Horfemen ) which when they haue either hard mouthd horfes, or runne away lades, feek only the amendment of fuch by the cruelty oftheir bytts, as by hie ports with Trenches, & rough roules or buttons, or vpfet mouthes with Trenches of vnreafonablc length,with burres vpon the tops of them like fpurre rowels,and many other fuch like cru- elties, yetladuifeallmen tofhunnethem as the one- ly venomes and poyfons of horfemanfhippe, and the greateft groundes of horfes running away: which the more boldly Iaffirme, becaufelhauehad fome hard mouthes, and fome runne awayes, who hailing by o- thcrs beene brought to their faults by fuch cruelties, J haue reclaimed and ridde after with Cmoothc Scotch* es\ for it is crueltie which takes away fence, and lenitie that giues a horfe the beft feeling. And thus much for horfes that willrunne away. |
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CHAT. 10.
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How to correct a kor/eth.it will r care vpright3 or come
oucrmth his Ryder. THis fault of rearing vpright, although .it be natu-
rally incident to many horfes,& that oft times w thofe
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"The fecondTSoo^e. 107
thole of beft fpirit, yet if youfhall firft ride your
horfe with the Trench and Martingale, it is almoft impoffible that you fhall finde that vice: and when the horfe is of fuch perfe&ne(re,that he is fit to forfake the Trench and Martingale, then is his experience fuch, that you can hardly cornpcll a horfe to fuch a fault: fothatlconclude.amongft good Horfemen this faulc is of leaft expectation; but rorafmuch as diuers men hauediuers methods in ryding,andthat ignorance 8c libertie may bring a horfe to this fault, which albe o- thersbeget,yetyoumaybeintreatedto amend: You (hall therefore when you haue fuch a horfe, obferue this practife following. If when you either ftoppe your horfe, and with the
helpe of the calues of your legges, compell him to ad- vance before: or when you would haue him to retyrc or goe backc,or in the vfe of any other correction hee aduancc higher thenyou would hanehim,or aduance when you would not haue him, You fhall firft, as you .draweinyourbridlehand,layyour other hand vppon the midft of the horfes crcft, and holding him downe «ard, reftraine him for aduauneing, butif either his aptneffe in aduauneing, or his willingncs to aduance be fo great, that you cannot holde him downe with your hand, but that hee will aduance whether you will or no, you fhall then as hee aduanceth, with your *odde giue himla good ierte ouerthwart his knces,and threaten him with your voice by faying: wilttbau v'tl- faw, mltthou*. or fuch like,and as oft as he aduanceth, *° often ftrike him, not ceafing till hee keepe his feetc aflt°the ground, neither ftrike him in anyplace but ouertyvart his knees onely. But if the violence of his 64 naughti-.
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loS cIbeJecond <Boo{e.
naughtineffebe io great, that he not onely aduanceth
contrarieto your minde, but alfo in his aduancing reareth vprightfo hie, that either he commeth oner backward, or elfe is in great daunger of the fame,y on fliall then vpon the proffer of fuch wickednes,and cuen in his riling giue him the tibertie of his head, and with the euenftroke of both your fpurres together, make him leapeforward. Thisbeingdoneinduetime, and fo oft as occafion is miniftrcd,l haue many times feenc to reclaime a horfe from his fault: but if he be fo infn nitely defperate that it will not preuaile,you fhal! then caufe him to be ledde foorth into fome plaine peece of ground,^ hauing a long firing faftnedtothe reyneof hisbridle,you (hal as he trottcth before you/orce him to ftop and rife vp before,which if he dooth any thing extraordinarilie hie,you fliall then with theftrength of your owne hands pull him quite back wards,and affurc
your felfe, after you haue but gi'uen him two or three inch falles,youfhallneucr afterwards compcll him to rife fo hie,that he will bring himfelfe into like daunger. For a horfe naturally, is as muchaffraide of falling, and as loath to hurt himfe!iesas any man is, wherefore when by this meanes he commeth to the knowledge of his euill,he will without any more warning efchue it, andchiscoirrfeinallmy praftifcI hauefoundmoft in- fallible; yetforafnvuehasthe vfe of the Mufroll and M:irtingalI,isanordinarieway, torepreffeand keepc a horfe from this fault, I would wifh euery horfeman firft therefore to make vfe of them, and where they faile,then to make triallofthofe experiments which arc before rehearfed. And thus much for horfes that will reare and come oner with their, riders. CHAf> xi
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The jecond^Booke. ,109
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CHAP. i|.
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Uow to correct a horfe mat mil lie downs in the
water as he pajfcth thorow* |
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o
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F this fault I hauc had great experience and
hndc it to be moft incident to horfes of chole- |
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ricke complexions, or to fuch as are foaled in
the dogge dayes (which is from the midft of luly, till after the mtdft of Auguft) or to fuch horfes as we call Cades, which are thofe that neuer (uck their dams,buc vpon their firft foaling arc put vppe into a houle, and broughtvp vpon the ringer. Thefehorfes haue ma- nytimesthisfaultofiyingdowne in the water, with Which if at any time you fhall encounter, you fhall thus feeke to reclaime him. Firft you fhall faire and foftly pace him through fome
Water, not aboue knee deepc, being hard and hrme in thebotrome : andif you fhallfinde him offer tofland and drawc in his hinder feer,asifhe would lie downe, >ou fhall immediately giuc him the euen ftroke of bothyourfpurresthreeorfoare times together, and make him gallop thoro w the water with all violence i * hich done, after you haue paufed a while, you fhall pacehim backeagaine: and if he offer to lie downe a~ gaine,you fhall (as before) make him gallop thorowe againev but ifafter you haue done thns twice or thrice together, hecnotwi'thftauding ftili proffereth to lye wowne,youfhaUthcnca;fetw6orthree footementb follow you into the water, who afloone as he pro- 0-5 > fcreth'
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11 o ^Ibe/econd JSookf.
fereth to lie downc,fhall fuffer him; but immediatly
when he is do wne, they fhall with all their ftrength holdehimdowne, and ducke his head vnder the wa- ter,holding it there a good fpace,then letting him take breathjducke his head againe vnder the water, and this they fhall doe twice or thrice before they let him rife, all the while rating him with their voyces,and ftriking him with their handes, butnotbyanymeanes witha- ny roddes or cudgels, albe Grijon commend them both, forf hauefcenethatcourfe bring a horfe into greatdefperation.After you haue vfed hi'm thus twice or thrice with the helpe of footmen; there is no doubt, tobe made, but hee will vtterlyrefufet :> lie downe,e- fpecially when he either feeth, or heareth the foote- men follow him : you fhall therefore then caufe the footmen to forbeare,and onely your felfe ride him in- to the water; yet before you ride into the water, you fhall make faft with a ftrong thong of leather to each fide of your Saddle-tree iuft vnder both your knees, two large and ftrong rings of Tron,fo that nothing but the rings may appeare without thepannell: to thefe rings you muff, fallen two cordes that are ply ant, and will runne and goe eafily. Thefe cords you fhall paffe from the ringsthorow the eye of the bytt, Trench, or fnaffie, then thorow the rings againe, and thorow the eye of the bytt,Trench, or fnaffle, and then winde the remainder ofthe cords aboutthc pomellof the faddlfr but in any cafe let that which paffeth from the rings to theeye of the bytt,be fo flacke that it may giue the hoc fcs head all the libertie poffible, then when you co&e into the water,if the horfe offer to lie downe,you fha* fuffer him,and with allnimblenefleyou can, auoiding |
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"The Jecond jBoofe. 111
hisbacke, looke vpon what fide he lyethmoft, and fet-
tingyourfooteagainftthefaddle,plucktbe corde on that fide, & it will immediatly, not only pluck his head vnder the water;but alfo keepe him that he cannot rife, then at your pleafurey ou may let the corde goe, and giue him breath. Ifthusyoufhallbutvfe him twice, I dare venture much of my reputation in horfemanfhip, he will neuer need it the third time. Now forafmuch as fome authors giue aduife, to put
a cord with a running knot about the horfes ftonesy & to crampe him therwith in the water, I for mine ownc partvtterlydiflikeit : forlhauefeeneahorfefo vfed, Who through his violence and ftrugling in the water, hath fo pinchthimfelfe,thathisftones haue not onely fwcld.butalfo impoftumaced and rotted, fothat there was no remedy but to geld him, to the great blemiftl of the horfman>& danger of the horfes life; wherfore I Would aduife all young riders,to approue no more,but the former practife, till fuch time as their owne expe- rience and Art can create them better knowledge. If when you haue in manner aforefaid reclaimed your horfe from this vicc^ he fhall after, either through the violence ofnature, or the forgetfulncfle of the cor- rection,begin to fall to it againe; if vpon th e firft prof- fer thereof you doe but put hkn in remembrance, and Quicken him vp with your fpurres, and rate him with yourvoyce,you ("hall foone perceiue he will amend 3ndelchue.it. Yet eirer I would haue you to keepe this caution in your minde, that when yon haue a horfe of fi'ch qualitic, to be very carefull of him when yott Paflethorow any water, and rather to let you t| cor- rection goe before your fault, then your fault before |
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li i The feconi HooJIg,
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your correction. And thus much for a horfes lying
downc in the water. |
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CHAP. 12.
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How to correct a horfe that it siittifh^ndfearefuS,
and fin'del'b many Boggards,
THis fault of skitcifhnefTe, or fearefulnefTe pro-
ceedeth from foure feuerall grounds, that is to fay,either from nature, youth, cuftome, or im- perfe&nefTe of fight. If it proceede from nature, then Fearcfulncfle it is found in horfes of flegmaticke and melancholic ynatuic. cotnpicxjonSjWho cunoftheir ownenatiuecowardli-r nefle will ftart and be affraid of eirery ftrange appre- hension ofthe eye,& at eucry fuddain noyfe or clamor which their eare fhall recciue. Tortelpthis defe&in nature,you muft vfc all lenitie and gentle meanes that may be to fortih"e& ftrengthenhisva!ure;fothat when he fhal finde any affright,as either at windmils,b!ocks, ftones,noyfe of drums.trumpetSjOr fuch Iike,you fhall not at the firft ftarting either with fpurre, rodde or thretning voice,compel him to approach to the thing which hefeareth, but with gende wordesandincou- ragementes, firft make him ftand ftill, and a prettie fpace conftantly to behold the thing he feareth; which done,you (hall with the motion of your legges and bo- dies by littleand little bring him nearer and nearer t° the thing he feareth .which if be doe with great vnwij- lingnefle(if he be ahorfe that kno w eth what corre^1' on is) you fhall then quicken him vp and make M* aproach
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<IhefecondcBoo!^, n^
apr oach to the thing he feareth, by giuing him now &
then the euen ftroafce of both your fptirres. Affooncasyouhauebrought him to the thing he
feares, you fhall then make him ftand by it, and imell vnto it, your felfe allthe while cherrifhing him, then you fhal make him trott about it,and cherrifhing him5 make him againe fm'ell vnto it. But if it be a man who either through the ftrange-
neffe of his apparell, or the carriage of fome burthen the horfe feares;then you fhall intrcat the man to ftand dill till youbringyour horfe vhto him, who affoone asyourhorfeapproachethhim, let him firft cherrifh your horfe,then ftroake him,and if there beany graffe, let him giue the horfe fome to eate,and by this meanes he willbefoimboldnedjthathewill not after be any- thing fo ready to aprehend like amazement. If it bee any found or noyfe which hee feareth, you fhall then acquaint him with thofefoundes by little and little, as firft in a lowe and fcarfe-heardfound,after by degrees, increafingthenoife, till it come to the vttermoft loud* neffe. You fliaU alio let him fee and fmell both the thing which foundeth, and him that foundes, and by thefe vies and acquaintances, you fhall both depriue him of feare,and create in him a conftant valure,obfer- uing alwaies,neither to doe nor fuffer to be done vnto him any thing foddainely or with violence, but after a- Uioft temperate and modeft fafhion; If the horfes fearefulnelTe proceede from his yotrth F f t
andyoungneffe,yo« fhall then caufe an olde ridden byyomh. horfe(in whofe valure you are affured) to be ridden for aweekorafortnightcontinuallybeforeyourcokjWho ft>ay Icadc him thorough water-ss thwart darke erode wayes,,:
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U 4. The fecond 'Booty?.
*., ''■!■■
wayes , and vp and downe the ftrectes of markec
Townes, where bee may fee and heare all manner 6* noyfes, as the fireof Smithes fhoppes, the knocking, and beating of Armorers, Pmerers, Coopers,Tinck- ers andfuch like, with the palling too and froeofall .* fortes of people, by which vfe and acquaintance you fhall fooneproue him fo valiant, that he will not ftart for any terror whatfoeuer. Fearfulneffe But if his fcarfulnes proceed from cuftome( which 'is, bycuitomc, that hauing been formerly fcar'd,either with fome vn- difcreet and foolifh fights,or with fome ftrange noyfes prefented to the horfe,with amazement, whence euer after he feareth, the fame fights and noyfes) you fhall firft in the Stable, after a gentle and familiar fafhion, prefent the fame fights and noyfes vnto him, fufFering them not alkhe day to be from his eyes, till with the acquaintance therof, you lee he neither refpects or feares them; which done, you fhall then take his back, and rydtng him into the fieldes, caufe thofe affrights which he moft feares to be prefented vnto him, either by the.corner of fome turning lane,vnder fome hedge, or in fuch a couert place, as the horfe may nor per- ceiue them, till he be clofe vpon them; at which if he chance to ftarte,you fhall firftftay til he hauc through- ly looktvppon his feare,thcn forcing him with your body, and fometime with your rod and Spurre, make him approach and touch that which he feared, then cherrifhinghim,and trotting him about it, acquaint him but in this manner,three or foure dales together* andhisfearefulnede willfoone forfakehim. bJSK' If lris f«rfulncfl'c (PrinSfrom his wanc of Perfea
' fight.which is of alffears the moft incurable:you hau* but
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The Jecond 'Booke. 115
but only two helps to reforme ic; the firft when he ap-
prehendesanyfearetofhy him, andmake him with better confederation beholde the thing he feares, then to bring him by the help of your rodde and fpurre a lit- tle nearer -'his fcare, and then let him gaze at it againe, thenfomewhat nearer,and ftay againe,and thus by de- grees bring him fo neare that his owne fight may di* ftinguifh what he feares, which as foone as he be- holdes and knowes what he fees, you fhall fee him Without compulfionprefTe to the thing he formerly feared,and without/any amazement, both touch and fmcll to that he feared to come neare. Your fecond help is, to haue a vigilant and carefull eye to his coun- tenance, ashctrauelletb,and when yoiifhall pcrceiue him to pricke both his eares directly forward, and fo Hold them any long (pace together, or if you fhall htarehim fnoreorcracke in his nofc, or raife vp his head to a more extraordinarie height then vfually hee dooth carrieit; vpponany of thefe motions, you fhall bee afTured that the Horfe apprehendeth fome a~ fnazement, whereuppon you fhall inftantly drawe him to a flower place,and with all the encouragement you can giuehim,bring him leafurely to that he fears3 and if tbehorfe of himfelfe offer to ftav, you fliall then oth with your fpurres, and alerte with your rodde, c^mpell him to goe forward,yet but very flowly,leanV: taking any alright in the-fwiftnes of bis pace, hee by flying out of the way, doe not onclic indangerto hurt' 'iini{elfebyfomefuddaineflraineorflippe,biiralfoto Crl& or mifchiefe his ryder. Wow thatyoumay knowe the true Gangers of
£"Clefeares,andiudgsinyour riding Which horfe is ; infeclredv
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\\6 Ihefecond^Bookf.
infc&ed with which feare, you fhal! ho Id thcfe obfer-
uations.Firft when you make an old ridden horfe lead you the way where there bee nianieScarres andBog- gards,if when the olde horfe taketh no affright, but paffethquietly on,the following horfe taketh Scarrcs almoft at euery thing he heares and fees, both his eyes and eares being thcininiftersof hisfeare : when this you note, be aflured that horfes feare proceedes, from the cowardlynesofhis nature and complexion : if he follow the olde horfe ftoutly without any feare, and onely when hee is alone, apprehendethal! manner of feares, then bee afTur-ed all his fearefulnefle proce edes onely from his youth and ignorance in thofe ftrange fights and noyfes which he fees and heares; but if he paffe ftoutly by many ftrange fights and ftranger noyfes,ondyatfbmeparticularfightsandnoyfes(par- • aduemurcleffe fearfullthen thofe he ftoutly endureth) •hefitide Scarres and affrights, then affure your felfe thathis error comes from cuftome, and that hee hath informer times beene affrighted with thofe thinges which then-he fearech. If heoncly take affright at what he fees, and notat
,what he heares, darting at fhowes, but not at noyfeSj then you fhall allure your felfe, that all his feares pro- ceedeonely from theimperfeclnefle of his fight, an" from no other caufe. Of<*«at But for as.much as fome horfes may haue more so/is, then one, nay all thefe imperfc&ions, as both be-
ingnaturallyfearefull.youngjformerlyfcard, andirtft perfect of fighr, I would wifh all horfmento haue i° their ftables,both Drums and Trumpets, which be*' ting and founding continually in the horfes eares,*'1 emboldc"
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7 hefecond IZooke. 11 j
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embolden them , and make them bardie againft all
founds wh'atfoeuer$yet you muft nor at thefirft let fuch
founds be heard in their full lowdneffe, but making
yourDrumme firft beate verie foftly, after increafc
the lowdneffe,as the horfe increafes in boldneiTe, till
in the ende you may beate the Drummetohis vrter-
moft height.And Jikewife for yourTrumpet,you fhall
at flrft make it found very lowe, by flopping the great
ende, either with aCIarin, or with a Gloue, or fuch
like, till the horfe bee acquainted therewith-all, and
then you fhall caufe the Trumpet to founde as lowde
and fhrill as is poffiblc. It is good alfo when your horfe
ftandsin the ftable,to faften to the head-ftall of his coJ-
ler, in Head of reynes,two long Chaines of yron made
withrounde long writhen linkes, which running to
and fro through the Maunger, may make a gingling
and noyfe when the horfe mooueth ; you fhall alfo
Sometimes when you ride your horfe, caufe his head
and necke to bee armed with a Shafeme and other -., ■ j ■
. ... , _ , J . . . Of injuring
peeccs belonging to a h orfe: and as you ride euer to be armor, Jf^ffi
rapping vpon the armour with the great ende of your ■«*«<•'" 'odde, that you may acquaint him with the noyfe hereof; you fhall alfo at fometimes when the groome drefTeth your horfe, caufe him to bee armed at all Pieces aboue the wafte,onely his face bare: and being *o accounted, to rubbe and dreffe him, which when *ne horfe indureth with patience, then the groome * "'all put vpon his head aclofecaske, and withitcoue- 5lnghisface,goeto the horfe, and Handing direclly* ef°re his face, rubbe the horfe head and necke all ■«- lCri which done, hee fhall giue him bread, oates, °r °ther prouender. When he is thus irnboldned, P you
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n8 ^Ibefecond cBoot{.
you fhall arme your felfe at all peeccs abouc the
waftc,and then taking his backc, you fhall receitte in- to your hand a (mall long Poale, no bigger then a Hawkes Poale, and carrying it vpon your thigh like a Launce,you dial ride him into fomeconuenientpeecc of ground, andfirftvponthe trott, charge it betwixt both his earesjthen on the one fide of his head,then on the other,fo he may fee it as it is charged on each Ct6c ofhisface.then you fhall do the like vpon his gallop; Andlaftly,ashcgalloppeth,you fhall clappetbePoale oucrrhwart your breaft vnder your armc,and fo break it, thatyourhorfem3yhcarethenoyfc thereof. Af- teryou haue pra&ifed this a good fpace, and that he fhewes all liuelincffc and fpirite in the action, you fhall then caufe another man alfo to arme himfelfe, and being mounted vppon fome olde ridden horfe, wellvfedto fuch prac"tife, he fhall alfo take another fuch like Poale, and being come into the field, he fhall pace himfelfe thrccfcoreor fburefcore yardes from you, and direclly oppofitc againft you; then fhall you trott one againft the other, yet in pathesfo different, th.it you may paffe by each other without touching, or rufhingone vppon another : and when you come within twice the length of your Poales one ofanorher, you fhall charge your Poales one againft another, but not touching one the other with your Poales, you fhall paffe by each other. After youhaue thus done fiue or fixe times togc
ther vppon a fwift trotte; you fhall then doe the far115 vppon the eafie gallop : andatthelaft, as you coW& directly oneby the other, you fhall each ofyoubreak2 your Poales vnder your armes, fo that your horfc* |
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""The feconci cBco\e. 119
mayhearethe noyfeor crafh} which done, you fhall
alight, cherifh your horfe, giue him either graffe, breade, or fome thing els to eate, and fo fet him vp in the Stablcfor that time. When your horie is thus perfire in the vfe of armour and ftaffe,you (hall then in the (table drawe a bright fworde, before your horfes face: andfirft making him fmcll to it, you (hall then rubbchim about the head,face,and nccke with if,then putting a Shaferne vppon the horfes head, you (hall foftly and in gentle maner rappe him with the fworde vppon the Shaferne, and vpon thofe pceces which arc vppon his nccke, which when he patiently indureth, you (lull-then with your fworde in your right hand, mount vppon his backe, and all the way as you trotte to theriding place,you (hah brandilh thefword about your horfes face,fo as he may fee the fword, and.now and then with the pommcll thereof, kno.ckcjvpon the horfes Shaferne: when you come to the riding place, you (hall there hauc an Image made like a man, and armed at all pceces, from head to foote : To this Image you (ball trotte; and firft making your horfe fmell thcreto,you (hall then trott about it, and euer as you paceor trott about it,you (hall ftrike vpon it with your fword, making the armour found and ring in .thehorfes eares, your felfe euer cheriming anden- couraging your horfe in all his exercifes. This done, you (hall caufe an other armed man to mount vppon an old ridden horfe, who comming fa-ire.and.foftly towards you ;asfooneasyouioynekneetoknee, you -foall with each of your fwordes rapp foftly vpon each others armour,and fometimes foftly vpon your horfes Shafecnsjand other armed peecesithenyou fhall caufc P z the
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12 o cl be Second cBoo{e>
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the other horfeman to retyre backe from you, whome
you rouft purfue,ftriking fofcly-.fomtimes at the horfe iometimesvponthe man: intheendeyou fhall make him turns his backcvppon yon, and offer to trottca- way, but you fhall follow him, and ftrike him foftly vppon the hinder parts: which done, you fhall alight from your horfesback,cherifh him.and giue him fome
thing to eate, andfofethimvp. Afteryourhorfeisperfite inthefeincouragements
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Of fire and.
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you Pnal then begin to acqiuunt him with fire and gun-
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.?mjfoor,ar<1 ^ot atter tnis ™aner. When he ftandeth in the fhble
with his head from the Manger, you fhall take Rofea beaten tofinepowder3&layagooddeale in thepahne
ofyourhand; then you fhal take a little peece of a waxc candle, and fetting it bet weene your great finger and yourRingfinger, you fhall throwe the powder tho- row the blaze of the Candle, and it will raife vppe a great flame, whieh being done, diretSUy before theficeof the horfe, may atTfirft mootie amazement in him : But being done fine or fixe times toge- ther, the Horfe finding neither annoyance by the flame, nor miflike in the fmell; he will be careleffe and feeme to delight in the fight, which as foone as you perccituyhenyoufhallin fteadoftherozentake halfe a'thimb!efulofGunpowdcr,&laying it in the palme ofyourhandj doe as you did with the rozen. This jsonelytoacquaintthe horfe with the fmellofgun- powder,whichbeingdcme,youfhall then takeapift- o!i which goes with a Snaphaunce, and putting pow- der onely in the pan,andnowhere elfe,you fhall fhooc it off before the horfes face halfe a dozen times toge- ther, that he may be acquainted with the liiddainneiTe H of |
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The Jecond TSooke. 121
of that Utile noyfe, This done,you (hall then charge
'- thcpiftoll, and firft (hooting it off a prettie diftance, from your horfe,you lhall after difcharge it nearer and nearer, till in the endehee will fufferyou to difcharge itclofevnder his nofe, which dor>e,you (hall then take his backe and ride him into the open fieldes, where you (hallcaufefome footeman, hauingcharg'd a har- tjuebuihe with powder to meeteyou, and difcharge it a prettie diftance from you, yet iuft before your-horfes dee. Then as foone as he hath difcharged the peec-e, lethimcornetothe horfe, andgiuehim either bread orotherprouenderto eatc, then let him charge the pcece againe,and difcharge it fomwhat nearer then he
did before,andieuery time hedifchargeth the pccce,lec
him come and cherri(hthe horfe, and giue him fomc- thing to eatc, till there be fuch a familiaritie betwixt him and the horfe,that euen the horfe will take a pride and delight in his fhooting,which fo foone as yon per- cciue,you (hallvfehimto the noyfe of ihot,both in his trotting and gallopping,making him charge the foot- man home,and to galloppe about him, the Footeman cuer obferuing to difcharge his peece in the face of the horfe; when your horfe is thus made pcrfit for the in- surance of the (hot,you (hall then when you ride him, ^hroad, make fome (Under by to flouriih an enfigne before him,and then commingtowardsthe horfe, fet *he enfigne fo as the winde may blowe the (like a- ^°utthe horfes face, theenfigneliearer all the while yvith his hand cherrilhing andfortefying the horfe to induce the ratling and weauingiof the filke about his eares, which when conftantly hee doth, then hee (hall ^'ke vp the enfigne, and fiouri(h it both about the P 3 bode
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122 ^Ihefecond TSooke.
horfe and your felfe, then fetting the ftaffe 'downd
cheriih the horfe ajaine, and giue him fomcwhat to eate ;your (hall alfo encourage you horfe verie much, both to this and many other fuch like flxange fights, if as you ride you doe but rattle papers about your hor-! fes cares, or any other ftu/fe, which maketh the low- deft noyfe. And thus much for the correction of aft frights, and fearefulnefle.' - |
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CHAP, iji
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How tecwetf a horfe that is dull of/pint, dull of the
Jparresj andflsuenly ip histrott. |
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Ofoone as you haue tamed your Colt, and made
him that he will receiue with patience both the |
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Saddle,bridle3andtheir ornaments, and the Ry-
der and his poftures, and that he will oncly walke forward (as not knowing any other leflfon) you (hall then enter into judgement of his nature and con- dition, which you may difcerne in his firft backing bythefecarra&ers. If youfinde him light of head, fothathec will Carrie ic by his owne fupporte, and not by the affiftance of your hand, and that the ten- dernefle of his mouth difdaineth the touch or fee- ling of the Trench, if hee be more willing to troct then to walke,to gallop then to trott,or more willing? to bound and leape,then either walke,trott or gallop,
ifyou finds that the quick? moiion of your bodie,the '""" ;:; -------..... ftirring
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¥hefecGnd<BoQke. iz?
ftirringofyourlegge,or the found of your yoice,are as
great motiues, as either fpurreor roddej if this you finde,you fhall Conclude in your iudgcment that hee is a horfe of good conftitution of bodie, light,tra&ab!e, valiant and of the worthieft difpofition, fo that you are by your owne lenitie and temperate arte, onely to feeke to moderate and keepe fuch good fpirit in his heightofgoodnes by rcpreflingit,till age and itrength fliallaffoord better abiiitie^ and without further ftrife ortoyleproceedeto thofe leflbns which are fit for a horfe of his courage,which arc the large ringes and o- therleffbns of fuch likequalitie. cButif you finde your Coke (at firftbacking)tobe of a contrarie nature, that is to fay, of heauie head and countenance, fuch as your ftrength {hall foonerbec Wearietoliftvp, then hee to ouer burthen', and of a fpirit fo flemye or melancholly, that he will rather refufetodoe, then want power to doe, the fullen- nefle of his nature being a traytor both to arte and hisbeauti'e; you (hall then (hauingbackthim, and taught him to goeforward,according to the rules pre- ferred in the third Chapter) ride him foorth either intofome open hard bye way, or into Ton:e playne fielde where hee may haus no treading but fuch as is light and eafie : and carrying your handes vppon the rcyqesoftheTrench,asis taught in the third chapter; You fhall all the way as he goes, with gentle motions tafing your handesand drawing him foftly in againc by little and little worke vp his head to the full length ofhisnecke,not at any time filtering your handes to abidefirme without motion; butletting him gocand come continuall with eafie,foft,and vndifturbing mo- P 4 uings.:
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124- The fecondHooke.
uings: fuch as with their greateft ftraytnefle may not
giue him any checke in the mouth to make him flop: nor with their largeft liberty{were he a horfe of franck fpirit) giue him leaue to runne away. This comming and going of your hand will-force the dulleft horfe in the world to rayfe vp his head of his owne accord, it fweetens and makes tender his mouth, and makes "him ply ant to a good rayne and countenance. To this motion of your hands, you muft adde alfo
the motion of your legges by thrufting them earneftly forward with a good ftiffe Iert vppon your ftirrop lea- thers, and your body likewife by moouingfbrward to accompany the motion ofyourlegges, yet this moo- uing ofyourlegges muft riot be vied abotie once or twicein ten or t welue paces going, but when you doe v fe it, you muft doc it violently,for beleue it (as an in- fallible rule in horfemanfhip) there is not any motion or torment whatfbeuer, which ftirreth more fpirit or alacritie in a horfe,then this moouing forward of your ieggesoncly, as you fhallfindeby proofe whenfoeuer you pleafe to trie it vppon a horfe that is moft fhame- fuily tyred. Tothisforward motion of your legges, you fhall
now and then adde (according as you finde the dul- nefTe ofybtirhorfeja good lert with your rodde in his $anke,andvnder his belly (foripurreasyet you muft ': not by any meanes vfe.) In this forte, and with thefe helpcs, you fhal! rydc
your horfe forward in a flowetrott,aboue fixe or fea- uen-fcoreyardes, and there flop him by drawing you* hand fomwhat hard andfirme to the pommell of your Saddle, and after a little paufe>you fhall make him g°e backs
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1 befecond ^Booly. iif
backcorrctyretwoorthree paces, by drawing your
handestoyou and eafing them againe halfc a dozen time together, euen in the felfe fame fort as you did When he went for ward,but that it muft be a little more firme and hard,yet not fo hard as fhallftriue to compel, but as it were worke him with a mildc intreatie. If your horfe fhall refufe to retire at thefe motions, f.
you fhall not much refped it, butthruft him forward againe as farre further, and there doe the like, and in this fott vppon an eafie trott,you (hall ride him foorth- right a quarter of a mile, and then takin g a large com* pafTe about (of at leaft fortic or fifcic paces) turne him homeward, and fo ride him backeto the ftablc, not forgetting but both in going foorrh and comming home,to make him ftopandrccireat the Wd of euery fixeorfeauenfeore yardes. It may bee the firit morning you ride him, what
through the dulneiTe of his ipirit,and floathfulneffe of his nature, you fhall neither make him trott with plea- fure.ftop with willingneffc,nor go backe with any arte you can vfe, but let not th at difcourage you,but in the afternoonedoe thelike againcjby no meanes vfirig any violence more then the former motions prefcribed : nor exceeding the limits of a quarter of a/my lev alfo " it may be the fecond time he will bee a little tradable as at the firft, yet regarde it not,but as you did at mor- ning and noohc,doe the fame a"gaihe,& after the fame / fanner at theclefingvp of the cuening,at which time ^youfinde him as peruerffe and rebellious as in the °ther two former times^ you fhall (as before yo» did) ^jth all patience bring him home, and hauing dreft ^^jand giuen him meate for al night ?y ou fhal before P *5 > yo«' l
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\l6 \Thejecond^Booke,^
you goe to bcdjCome into the Stable,and taking a wel
dryedbullspizel,naildeandmadefafttoa long ftafife; nrftcaufeyourhorfetoturne his fore partes and but- tockes from one fide ofthe ftalle wherein hee ftandeth to the other which he dooing at the firftflouenly, arui vnnimbly,youflialltakeoccafionthereupon}and With your buls pizell,beat him about the buttocks,houghes and fides fo foundry, that you may make his flefh fore, not by anymeanes leauing to beat him till you fee him eucn with a fprytie furie and an a&iue nimblenes,pafle andrepaffein his italic with the found of your voyee only; which done, let him reft for that night, and the nextmorning as you did before, fo take him out, and ride him forth right (with thofe helps and encourage- ments before taught) at the leaft haJfe a mile and more; only in flead of your rodde you fhall ride with a dride bulls pizell, the correction whereof you fhall mingle with your former helps,whofefharpnes and torment exceeding much the fharpnes of the rod,will fo quick- en your horfe vp (efqecially through the forenes of his flefh, by his former beating) that you fhall feele him to trot much lighter then before, and tofhowe much more tra&ability and obedience. You (ball (as before you did,this day, at the end of cuery fix or feauen fcore yardes,makchimftop and retire, obferuing this rule, that if he doe not retyre vpon the firft motion of y out hand,not to make any ftay at all,but forthwith to thruft him forward againe, both with the violence of youf • body,helpofyour legs, and a good ftroake with the buls pizel,giuinghim no eafe nor refpite till he either ffioweobcdiencetoyourwill, or fome likely token °* obedience j which asfoon asyouapprehend.you fhali ' inftantly
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Thefecond IZoo^e. \ij
irtftancly cherrifli him3and giue him fomswhat ro eate,
then trie him againe the fecond time, and if then he fiiowc more obedience then before, you (hal then che- rifh him, light from his backe and walke him vp and downe awhile in your hand; then taking his backe a- gaine, trotc him fairely ho meward and as you did this morning, fo (hall you doe in all pointes againe in the afternoone,onelyyoufliallincrcafcthc fwiftnefTe of histrot:andasyoudidintheafcernoone you {hall fc* doe againe at the clofing of the euening, euer incra-, fing the fwiftnesofhistrott more and more, till you haue brought him that he wil with the motion of your body, raifevphisfjpirits, and trbtce both freely and chearefully : the third day you fhalllikewife take him foorth, and then you fh ill trotte him out-right a mile and more, obferuing ftill to make him ftop, and retire euer at the end of fixe or feauenfcore yardes, till hec be ' brought to fnch perfitnes and true knowledge of your minde, that with theleaft motion ofyourhand,he will *etyre either as fpeedily as you will, or as farre as yon ! Will, and che fwiftncs of his retyring,you mull obferue ; togiuehimthatleafure, that he may take vp his fecte • one after the other, andnot byouer much hafts take them vp ioprepoftcroiifly that he be in danger of ^uerchro wing himfelfe, for that were as the prouerbe jsj more haft the worfe fpeede, but by taking them vp> ' 'eaftircly, and in order, he will come to that perfitne fife tbuthe willeueti trotcebackward,with as comely beau- lle as many horfes doe forward. Which is both ex- ceding gallant .to the eye, and exceeding 'profitable 'f. ln'feruice, (howing hye arte in the horfeman, and ' ^uchobsdience in the horfe. - this •
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128 7 be fecond^ool^e.
This third day alfo to the other helpes and corre&i-
ons3you fhal add the help of your fpurs,mingling with thehelpofyourroddeor bulls pizell, now and then the euenflroake of both your fpurres, tbeftiarpnefTe whereof will take from your horfc the melanchoiyc thoughts and fainrncfTe, which are the onely grounds of all his dulneffe, and make him not onely more mindfull offus labour and lefTons^btit alfo infpire him with much better fpirit and chearefulneffe: for.as to horfes of great mettal and couragioufnefTejall torture, extremity; & p«puocation is to be auoided, fo to th etc melanchoiyc and dull lades, there is nothing t® bee done without violencejquicknesjfodainefrc of voice, /»3ndhelpe of correction; prouidcdalwaies that fuch motions be e«er attended on with fuch tempcratenes^ that by no meancs they drawe the horfe either into a- mazement or defpcration-, but that hee may knowe that all his puniftiment dooth proceed frpm his owne iloath and dif obedience* Aqd albeldoetothereclaymingof this dulnetfe,
prefcribeyou but onely three dayes labours, yet you muftvnderftand that ifeuery one ofthefe daies works askeyouaweekeswprke,youmuft not t.hinke much, orholde your time mif-imployed. For mine owne part Ihauebeenemyfelfcthveemonthesin bringing a horfe to fpirit and lightnefTe, andin the end thought it the beft part of my labour. After your horfe will trott forward freely, and with
good courage,ftoppe and retyre at your pleafurejYo1*
. (hallthenforaweekeor tenne dayes, onely exercifc
him in trotting forward or round about foirje grc3t
heathc,plaine,orgreenefielde, firftamile, tnentW**
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The JecondTBooke* 129
mile, after three mile,noc flopping him aboue once in
a milc,or a mile 8c a halfe,and by this exercife, & con- tinnall labour,at leaft once in a day,or not aboue twice at the moft, you dull bring him to fiich lightnefTe of head,nimbleneffe offoot,and knee ofcorre6iion,that nothing you fnall put him to(as long as you keep your felfe within the limits of reafbn)willbe either trouble- ibmc to you, or labourfome to the horfe. Some there are, as namely Grifon and the Schollers,
vvho to the reclaimingof a horfe fubiecl: to this dulnes &floathfulncs of fpirit,would haueyou ride him vpon new plowde lands; reasoning thus: that the deepneffe of thelandes will make him pluckvp his fecte,befrirre h'imfelfe with more labour, and fo confequently bring »im to more quickneffe andfharpnefTe of fpirit. But (vnder the reformation of his more auncient know- ledge) I am of a cleane contrary opinion,and fo is alfo ■£# Breue who abfblutely holds deepe lands,and rough ^aics, the worftrneanes to bring a horfe to fpirit or "ghtneffe, for if dulnes proceede from the coldneffc Slid weakeneflfcof nature, ingendring faintneffe and U'oath jthen muft that which bringeth foorth toiie and 'abour,without any eafe or rellifh of p!eafure,not on'e- 7 increafe that fainmes,but bring it to the very height ^allcowardife, as thus for example; a Horfe that is t!°athfull and dull, info much that you fhall hardlie ^rce him to go vpon the plaine & fmootheft ground; lr»ke you he wil trotc in deep landes,where flopping
J^ry foote in earth aboue the pafterne, and fomtimeY
.herewith his bed force,hardly drawing his legs after
j/'^fhall feele nothing but toyle beyond his flrength?
"Q " is moil impoffible, but forth with he gro wes def-
perate,.
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l^o The JecondlSoQfy.
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andwherebeforcvponthe plaine ground hce would
hane pone a little by this ouer fore vie, he will neither vponplaine nordeepe ground goe at all; and from hence many times fpringcth the groundes ofreftifnes, tyring and bafencs ofcourage : ,yet 1 doe not fo much diflikethevfeof the new plowde ground, thatlvtcer- ly prohibite it; but asl difcommend it for thefc faint and dull horfes, fo 1 commend it for fuch holies as arc of too fiery mettall, who out of the pride ol their cou- rage will obferueno temper in their going, but one while trotting,another while prauncing,and another while offering to ga!lop,they both diforderthcmfelucs and trouble their ridenforrthefedouble minded lades, whole fantafticall lightnes and incertaine fpirits tranf- ports them beyond allxomparTe of moderation, there isnothingbetterthenthenew plowde landes, which with the labour and toyle whereunto they will put * horfe, they calilycorrccl;his madnes, and makes hir*1 With carefulnes and diligence attend co his labour,an^ the will of his rider. Now ifyour horfe haucmcttall,'couraqe 8c ftrengt^1
inough only out of his ftubbornnes of nature, will nof fhoweit3youfhallthen not only ride him in deep? groundeSjbutalfo prouidc that thofe grounds be »*' cending.and mountaines, by labour whereupon, ^6. fhall be compeld to take vp his feetc more roundly afl with greater ftrcngth then on the lcuell earth, and*7 forced to more vie of his ftrcngth then on the otbc groundes; which when at any time he fhall flacke,^ for fuch flackneffc feele correction, he will forth wlt thruft out the belt of his powers3 nothing being ff*0' contrary to his nature & courage, *hen ,the indu***0 r |
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Thefecond'Boo^e, 131
of torment. When you haue by the method before
taught,bronght your horfe to a quicknes and lightn es
oflpirit, that he will trot freely vnder you, anfwere to
the motion of-your bodie, and yeeld with obedience
tothecommaundmentjof your hand, yet when you
fpurhim,youfindehimrnoreto be moued'with the
fharpnes of that correction, then with the cafe of the
other helpcs, as ifhehad no more feele of your fpurre
then of the calfe of your leg,'or the left of your fh'rrop
leathet: when this you finde, you mud conclude that
yourhorfcisdCiUvpon the fpur, and if 'you'let' him
pafTe with that fault vnreformed, then when other
helps ("hall faile you, there fhall be nothing Ieft,wher-
by either to bring grace or quicknes to your horfes lefc
fbns, or to fhowe by the teftimonie of his obedience,
by what arte and rule you hold him plyant to your
commiundenr. When therefore your horfe is dull
vpon the fpurre, you fhall atthe (ifftfdrbeare to fptirr
him for any Height fault or omilfion, but rather vfc
the correction ofyour voice or rod,but when he fhall
fall into any grofe error ( efpeciallie fitch an error
Whereof he hach had fore-knowledge; then you fhall
fpurre him foundly,that is, you fhall giue him halfe a
dozen ftrokes together, as neare as you can all in one
Place, and tfurclofe behinde the hindmoft garthe,,
taking euery ftfoake at the leaft to dmwc blood,
Hich done and the fault amended, yon fhall then
cherriiTihim,and by no meancs fpurre him againe,
^lyouhaue the like occafion, which once offered,
^°e as you did before : and thus I would haue you
^°c three or fOuwtimss in a morning,, obferuing not
by/
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- i]Z The fecond ^Boof^e.
by any mcanes to giue that ftroake, which fhall not
fetch blood,nortoipurre him for any fault at all, but fuch as fhall deferue and haue at leaft halfe a dozen ftroakes together. Your horfe being thus well fpur'd and blood drawne vpon both his fides, asfoone as you bringhim into the Stable, eaule the Groome to bathe both his fideswith olde piffe and falt.,rubbing the fame into the fore place fo violently, that it may fearch into thevery bottomeofthsprickes* This medecine will keepe the fore place either from rotting or ranckling, yet notwithfbnding it will keepe the (ore place fo ten- der and fore, that the leaft touch of your heele will bring him as great torment as before the greateft ftroake with your fpurre did. After your horfe hath beene thus dreftj you fhall the
next day folic wing take him forth againe, and as yoa did before,fo in all pointes you fhall doe againe, fpur- ring him feldome,yet foundly ,and as neare as you can in the (ore place, and no where el'fe. Thispraclife be- ing vfed but three or foure daies together, you fhall finde your horfe fo render and fore vpon his fides, that the leaft offer or touch with your fpurre will mooue him as much as the greateft ftroake you can giue him '• which yvhenyou haue brought to pafTe3you fhall then with all carefulneffc forbeare to fpurre him for any fault whatfioeuer,where there is any other help or cot' rediion that will auaile, for it is a raoft certaine rule that there is nothing which foonerbrings a horfe to be dul vpon the fpurres,then often fpurring him,or whcT you fpurre, cither to ftrike your heele falfe, fo that tb<? fpurre doth but glaunce vpon his fides,and giues IuVfl 3 taftejbut not a perfite feeling of the prickes, which ^ |
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'
(lhefeconcl(Boo%e. ?^
call tickling a horfe with the fpurres,orels to hold the
rowels ofyourfpurres in your horfes fides fhlJ, after you haueftnicenhim therewith, as for the moll parr, Lawers, March ants and Schollersdo: forthefe ma- nerof compunctions, and diforderly torments, doe not onely make ahorfe dull and careleffe of thefpurre, but alfofo faint harted, that a horfe will euen tire out- Tightwhen hee isin his beft ftrength and luftinefle: .Whence it comes to paffc:(& I haue ofcen approued it vpon the hie way) that when ahorfe hathbecne to al[ mens feemings fo extreamly tyred with an ignorant ri- xJcr, that he would goe no further: a horfman lighting, vpon the fame horfe,hath madehim goe with as good courage and raettall as;atiy horfe in thecompanie, his helpe being nothing els but the forbearance of the ipurre,andthe vfe of the other more moderate helpes and corrections:. wherefore I conclude, that to bring your horfe to a quickneffe vpon thefpurre, is tofpurre feldome, but when youfpurre, tofpurremoftfurely, andnottolpurreatallbut vpon great occafion, and .that your hoife haue a per fite knowledge euer of the offence for which lie is fpurred. When you haue thus taken from your horfe the dul-
ses of his fpirit,8tthe dulneffe of the fpur,you fhal then confideratelylookehowhecariethhis bodie, andde- tneaneth his legs, that is whether he trotccleane, gal- Iantly,and a with good & graceful counrenancejforfb totrottisthefirftlelTonor motion that a horfe muft Jearnejbutifyoufinde.thathe trotteth flouenly, and Joule, that is, he either takcth not vp his feerc roundly and loftily; or he waueth or rowleth as he goes, or ta* keth toovvideftridesjorelsfettingdownehis feetevn- Q^ certainly
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134- The fecond "Booke.
tertainelyboth often (tumble and fnapper; if any of
thefefa^ksyoufinde,you (hallthus correct it: Firft if he take not vp his feete loftily and roundly, if he be a horfeofyoungyeares,orof faint nature,you (hail then oftcly trott him vp and do wne in fome harde ground, whichisfullofThiftleSjOr (hort pricking grade, or Whinnes,as I declared in the former chapter of ouer- reaching: but if he be a horfe of better age,and fiercer courage,fo that when you trott him amongft the fharp prickes,. hee will fall to bou-nde or leape ouerthem, then you fhall onely exercife him a wceke or more, o- uerth wart a new plowed field: and when he begins to grow (lowe therupon, then you fhall bring him to the hard Thiftle earth, where the ground beeing more firme,he will then take more delight to tror therupon: this practifc, when the labour of your hand, and other helps faiiesyou, will neuerfaile you. Butifhewaue or rowlc in his going,or take too long(trides.,and that you finde the reftraint of your hand'will not reftraine the libertie of his feet(as before I told you in the chap- ter ofouer-reaching)you (lull trott him forth-right in fome furrow digged full of little ouerth wart gutters, one within leiTe then a foote of another. Now wheras in that former chapter I bid you digg
your large rings fulloffuch little gutters, you muft therevnderftandjlfpeakeof fuch horfes at the fTrft, trott faire and comely : but by exercife of their le^ fons, and by compulsion to trott fwiftly, taketotheff1 felues the libertie of long ftrides, ouer-reaching, an^ foule trotting. Butheerelfpeake offuch horfes wh° naturally trot long and foule, before either they co&e aoknowthewaightoftheman, onhsvfe of any ring |
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The Jecond \Booke. 135
or other leffominfomuch that thefe gutters Sc degrees
muft be made in fomeftraight furrow, wherein as hec learnes to goe,fo he may learne to forget his fauk.But if it happen as neceffarily it muft, that by this pra&ifa he learne to trot fhort and cleane,yet notwithftanding he ftill waueth and ro wleth in his pace, you fhall then onelyfor aweekeortendayes, trotthim along by a ftraight wall(the vfe and benefit of which wall is more largely difcribed in a Chapter following)and you thai not make any doubt but that error will be fufficiently amended.No w laftly, if by the incertaintie of his trea- dingjhebemuchfubieStofnapper and (tumble, you fhali then if he be young & wcake fpirited^at fuch time asthenightsaredarkcft, when neither your felfe nor the horie can difcerne either the way before or vnder yousride him forth into fome plaine graffe field which in times pafthath bene errable,& ftill retaineth hie rid- ges,and deepeforrowes; and there exercife him for an houreortwoouerthwartandctoflethofe leas or rid- ges3firftvpon an ordinary rack,orfootpace,thenvpon a flow trott}& after as he growes cunning vpon a fwift tr^tt, which fometimcs may bee mingled with two or three ftrokes of a gallop-.thus exercifing him feauen or Qight nights, you fhall make ho doubt of his .amend- ment. You may alfo}if you pleafe,when you haue your Wfeskilfull vpon this kindeof ground,ride him vpon f°me plaine or icuell earth,as either Heath or Moore, j^hich being full of myerieRutteSjOr gmters,thehorfe £ylightingvnawaresinto them, willgrowefo care- frily fearefull, that he will take vp his feete fo roundly, a^dfetthemdownefofurely,that he will feldoine ot ^cuer {tumble. If your horfe be of great courage,and Q 2 lull
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I3<5 The jecond'Booke.
full ftrength, it fhall not be amide after you haue exec,
cifedhim, andtnadehim by night perfitc vpon thcfe two fore-named groundes, if then for two or three nights you trott him f vftftly oner a new plowed fieldc, which will both make him take vp his feete,and alfo a- certaine his pace moftfufficiently; Ihane ieene fome horfrnen,that to help this faultvhaue ridden their hor- feshoodwincktj but for mine ownc part I much difa- lowit.For befides that'the depriuing of the fight taketh away from the horfe both hope and delight,it alfo ftir- reth in him that amazement and excefie of feare, which many times robbeth him both of remembrance and attentioiu© the biifineffe about which he goeth: befides^the blind-folding of him is fuch an ac"tualiand groiTecoxredionjthat what fault foeucr is by it refor- med,the liberty of the fight againe,brings with it fuch delightj & contentment, that the former reformation is quite forgottensand heremaines the fame horfe hee was before,both in diforder and faulcincfTe. Many o- ther deuifes and compulfiojis there be to amend thefe errors,albe it be but for a fhort time, which forafmuch as thcyhaueonelybeene brought forth by couetoul** nes,pradi{ed by craftjand credited by ignorance and f oily51 will banifhthem this place3where nothing but Art fliould haue hifirejand referre them to the myftery of Horfe-conng, wherein I will fetthemdowne in their true colours. And thus much for the dulnefle ol fpiritjfencejorpace. - |
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€EA?» *4
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of the tredding of the Urge r'wges, ind of
their vfe. |
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AFteryour horfe will with obedience and pati-
ence receiue you, and deliueryou both too and from his backe,w! sen he will with good courage, fencible fpirit, comelie light reyne, and gallant pace trott forward with you* which as it is the firft \cf- fbn or A. B, C. of horfemaniTiip, fo itistoberegar* ded , and loofct into with rnoft vigilant watchful- nefle,becaufe what fleight fault or omiflion you fhall efcape in that time of beginning, will fo ftrongly in- creafein his other leffons, that in the end they will prone incurable: when as I isy you haue brought him to this firft goodneffe*you (ball then proceede to the large ringes, after this manner. YoufhaUtrotyourhorfeforthintofome broad gra-
uelly or fandy way, where the print ofyour horfes feet maythebeitbe feene, which hailing breadth enough for the largcneffeofyourringes,you (hall firft hauing trotted forward 5o.or 60. paces,paee out a large ring vpponyourrighthand, at leaft fortie paces in com- pa(Te,and hauing pae'd it three or foure times about,fo that your eye may well difcerne the compaffe ofyour ring, which ifitcarrienot the proportion of a true round,then be affured there is a fault in the carriage of your hand,which after you muft indeauour to amend. Q3, You
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118 The JecondTZoohg.
You (hal then trot him ftraight forward fortie yardes,
or there abouts,and then make out another ring(of the famelargenefle and compaflfe vpon your left hand) bytrotting it about three or foure times alfo, fo that both your rings being ioynd together by the furrowe which paffes between them;they will carry this figure or proportion. |
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When thus you haue naarkt out both your tinges^
you fhall then inftantty enter into confederation,vpon which hand your horfe with the mod willingnefTe, nimblenefTe,and beft grace,couettcth to trotte,and on the contrary handjon which he is only vn willing, you fhall labour him at the leaft three or foure tames more then on the other, making both your begin- ning and your ending, onthathand on which hee is moft imperfect; as thus for example,ifyour horfe(as for the moft part all horfes are,) be more vnwilling to trotte vpon your right hand then on the left, you fhall then trott three or foure times about vppon your right hand againe,fo that beginning and ending vpon you* right hand,that hand may exceede the other by fo ma- uyturnes as you mad« in your firft beginning, which '"' ........ " done, |
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The /eccnd'Boofy, '129
done, you fhall then trott hiin downethe ftraight fur-
row to the verdge of the left ring, and thereby mode- ratelydrawing in your hand, caufe him to ftop, which done,after a little paufe,you fhal make him retire three orfourepaces,&then cherriftiinghirn,lethirB reft a good (pace, then gently putting him forward againe walke him (o foftly as foote can fall about the left ring, then down the ftraight furrow to the right ring where you may begin the leflbn againe as before. Now I fpeakc of the right hand, fol meanelikewifc
of the left hand, if he be either harder or lefic nimble thereupon. In this fort I would haue you exercife your horfe
dayly .till he be fo perfe£t,that eucn of himielfe he will trott thefe large ringes with fuch courage, lightacfle, artcandnimbleneu*e,thathe will neirherftandin need of helpe or correction, which when you perceiue, you then fhall trott him a dozen or fourteene times vppon that hand of whichheishardeft, then as oft on the o- therhandjthenasoft vponthefirft hand againe, then foorthright,thenftop,retire,and cherrifh. During the exercife of thefe large rings, you fhall diligently keepe thefe obferuations: firft you fhall be carefull with the gentle motions of your hands, to keepe his mouth ia fweetnes and tendernes, neither pulling fo hard at the Trench,as to make the horfe gape, nor giuing his head fuchlibertie, astobringhijiatoa looie rcyne, but to make him trot with all pride andcoraelines of counte- nance. Next you muftobferue that his head and necke ftand ftreightjlooking directly forward,and not a wrie or inward to that hand ofwhich he trottethjfor furetife whereof you fhall euer carry the outmoftreyne a htle Q^ 4 ftraiter |
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fcfo The JecondHookg.
ftraiter then the inmofte, holding it of the two, more
tollerable thatthe horfe carrie his head rather from his tinge, then inward towards his ring; for the firft will fhowe him firme and all of one peece, which is thegreateft beautieandglorieof a Horfe; the latter fhewes him weake neckt, crookt, and apt for diforder; the bringing of his head into the ring, being the firft meanes that cafts his hinder parts out of the ring. Next you fhallobferue, that of what hand foeuer
youtrottyourb.orfe,youfhallforahelp in his begin- ning vfe the calue of your contrary Segg,or the thruft- ing forward ofyo ur contrary foote,and contrary ftir- rop leather, or your roddevpon the horfes contrarie fhoulder,or els before the eye of the horfe on the con- trarie fide: as for example, ifyoutrotton your right hand,you ftiall help your horfe with the calue of your Icf t Iegge,with your left foot, & with your rod before his lefceye,and fo on the left hand with the like helpes on the right fide. Yourvoice alfo is both avcry profi- table help and a great encouragement to a horfe in the treadingoftheferinges5as namely either in hisfloath, or forgetf ulnes ,to eric via^ia^ox J&w,tajp,with a fhrill voice, and accompanying it now and then either with alert of your rodde, or the thrufting forward of your fecteftiffevpon your ftirrop leathers. I haue found it excellent good alfo, and it is well al-
io wed of both by Grifon and LaBreue, if in the begin- ning of the treading of thefe ringes(chiefly when your Colt is young and foolifh) you make an olde ridden horfeto leadc him the way, and to tread out the rings before him,for it will both giuc him good enceurage- ment,and alfo keep him from a amazement & diforder, ycc
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Thefecond <Boo{e, 111
yetyour horfe being brought to the carriage of hi*
head,to perfitne^Te ofhis pace, & readines of the way, fo that he will keepe an cuen path, before he come to the vfe of thefe ringes,this help of an old ridden horfe will be a gre at deale the lefle needfull. Some will wonder,and happily out ofthat wonder
mightily condemne me, becaufe the fafhion of my rings are different from all thofe fnowed by former Authors; loxGrifen and other writers,would haucthc firft rings to be ioyned together, and then as it were from betwixtthem to goethe ftraight furrow, where they would haue the horfe ftoppe and turne about in a narrow compaffe. Thefe tinges they would haue to bee trodden
out vppon newe plowed grounde, they!would haue a certaine number ofturnes to bee obferued of both handes,with diuers other fuch like Cautions,to which I am dearely oppofite: for firft,that the ringes fhould be ioyned together I diflike, becaufe the chaunge being fofodaine, and vnexpe&ed, and a colt fo Igno- rant and vnnimble, the f odainnes therof cannot chute but either breede diforder, or make the colt weake neckt, becaufe fuch quicke ch anges, doe euer compell thcrydcrtovfethatreyncof the infide'more then in arteitfhouldbe : thetiwhenhecommethat theende oftheftraightfurrowe, where hee muft ftoppe, that there he fhould turneabout in any narrower compaffe then the former ringes, is againft arte, becaufe a horfe ought not to bee taught any ftraighter compaffe till the larger be made perfit. Nexttbat they fhould bee trodden out vppon newe plowed ground, that is no good generall ride. For (as before I faid) it is Qj onely |
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142 .The Jecond'Booke.
but for fuch Horfes as out of the greatefle of their
courages are of fuch.diftempered humors, that they will neither goenor learne with patience, which faults bein g (as they ought to be) reclaimed before he beebroughttothevfeof thefe ringes, why after the fault is amended,the horfe fhoiildindurepunifhment, I neither vnderftand nor allow : wherefore for mine ownepart, I would haue the ringes made on fuch ground as might be mofteafie for the horfe to treade vpon, fureft for foot-hold, and molt pleafanc for the horfe to delight and continue vpon. Laftly, forthe.certaine number of turnes, which
they would haue obferued, as fo manie times two, or fo many times three and fuch like, by no meanes cither increafing, or decreafing, that I am as much againftasanyofthe reft, for this Horfemen knowe, there is no creature whatfocuer which doth fo much obferuecuftome3or beares in his remembrance the forme and manner of thinges taught him , as the Horfe dooth, fothat holding him to any confhnt number, or any prefcript forme, when you fhall eyther exceeds or deminifh what you haue accufto- mablie vfed ; you put fuch doubifulneffe in his minde,that from thence procecdeth difobedience and reftifnefTe, wherefore for mine ownc part, I both haue and euer fhall (till I be controled by a much better mafter) obferued neuertoobferueanycertainenum- berinmyturnes, but euerto proportion them accor* ding to the aptneffe, ftrength, and agilitie of my horfe. But leauingto difcourfe vppon other mens mif'
takingesj and to retarne to my former purp»»c'
VVnetf
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Thefecond 'Booke. 14.3
When your horfe hath beeneexercifed Co long vpon
thefe two diftin£b and feuerall ringes, that hee wil1 pace or trott them either Howe or fwifdye with all comelinas andperficnes, which commonly in a month or ieflfe you may bring to pa£Te,aud that you fmde in his - doing thereof neither error nor difobedience, you fhail then begin by little and little to make him gallop thofe rings i as firft in the fwifmes of his trott to gallop two or three (troaks,and then totrott againe,then gal- lop Bug or fixe paces more, then trotc againe, and th*!s increafing by ftroke and by ftroke, till in the end finde- inginhimbothawillingaes andanabilitie, you make him gallop the whole ringe about, taking into your minde this imximt(which is allowed both by La Brout and others,) notbyanymeanes to let your horfe gal- lop till he be moft perfit in his trott; leaft by making a confufion in his paces,y<ni vtterly difable him for any pace whatfoeuer : during the time that you thus teach your horfe to galloppe thefe ringes; you fhall diligently keepe this obferuation, flrftnot to correct him either with fpurre or rod for any offence h e fhall commit in gallopping,but vpon the apprehenfion of any fault to ftay him from gallopping, and to put him into his trott againe,and inhis trott to correct fuch or- dinarie errors as fhall happen;, as the writhing of his bodie,bowing of his necke inward,or the cafting out °f his hinder partes. Secondly, you fhall ^tbferue that in his gal-
lopping hecarrie his hefcf in as confhnt andfirmea place, and-hisnecke with as comely and gracefull a reync, as when hee trotteth in his greateft pryde, fo that if either hee offer to tfcruft out his nofe or;
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14- f The jecond <Boo%e.
or to prefle and hang his head vpon your handes, you
inftantlyftoppe him from gallopping and make him trottag'aine, labouring hirn therin till outofthcpride of his courage he will gallop and keep his beft beauty, which when he doth,you (hall not then -continue him to long therin till he be wearie,and fo growe in diilikc of his ownegoodnrSjbut after two or three ftroakes, performed to your contentment, you.(hall put him a- gaine into his trott, and cherrifn him. This order ob- ferued with care and diligence, you (hall make your horfetake more delight in gallopping then trotting, and after heefeeles the eale which commcth by the conftant carriage of his head,he will not diforder it,or beare it in other place, albe an ignorant ryder fhould thereto compel! him. JLaftly, you (hall obfer ue in his gallopping, that hee
take vp his legges roundly and loftely one after ano- ther, that forelegge which is outmoft, going euer as it Were before the other, and his hinder leggs following the fore-legs one after another, both clofely & round- ly together, the beating of his hoofes going fo di- ftin&ly one after another, that they make as it were a kindqofMufique in their founding. Totbefe obfertu- cions you muft accompany the helpe of your bodie, which being as it were a fixt member with the horfe, ■milft in euery motion raoueashe moueth without ei- ther diforder or contrarity. You (hallalfo to quicken him in his gallopping; helpe him now and then with thecalueof your legge, of by letting bim heare the noyfe of your roddeouer his head: for other helpes of more violence, I doe not allow;.
No\* for as muc lags' young horfes partly out ofthei* ovync
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¥hefecondcBoolse. 14.5
owne willingnefle, partly out of a naturall feare they
bearevnto their riders, will in thefcfirft leflonsfhewe.'' more aptneffe and ftrength, then either their know- ledge apprehends, or their powers are able to main- tainc:you are therefore with great confideration to re- gard that you put not yourhorfetofo much as he will of himfelf do,but that you cucr in all his doings,(much more in his beginning) leaue him in his beft ftrength, With both an vnwearied bodie, and an vntroublcd mouth j by which meanesyou {"ball be affurcd hee will day by day, both increafe his ftrength of teaching, and in his willingnefle to be taught: where being con- trarilyvfed, hee "will from doing a little, come in the end to luft nothing, labour bringing faintnefle; faint- nefle difpaire and defpefation,abfolure reftrfri'efle and rebellion. ... ~~~~" When your horfe can gallop thefe two rings per-i
fttly,you fhallnot by any meanes vfe hint thereunto a- boue twice or thrice in a wecke at the moft, and when you doc gallop him^you dial not at the firft gallop him aboue flue or fixe times vpononehand, and as much Vpon the otherjand after increafing as his ftrchgth dial' increafe,till you finde him of the abiiitie that he is able to indure it for a whole mornings worke: which when you perceiue, you fhall then leaue the vfe of thofetwo kuerall rings,and onely trot out one fingle ring ofnot a°oue thirtie paces in compafle, which hauing trotted a°out vpon your right hand three or foure times (fp ^hatyou may difcerne the ring perfitcly)you fhall then bydrawingyour left reyne a little more ftrme: and lay- ing it fomewhat clofe to the horfes nccke,and holding ^oprrightteyneno moie but ftraite3 and laying the s calfe'"""
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at*-------- " ----- ' ' ' ■ ■
14.6 7he Jecond ^Bool^e»
caife ofyouc left leggecl-ofetothehotfes i]de3 drawc
htm into the middeft of the ring.making a femi-circle from the vrge ofthe ring to the center of the fame,ac- cording to the proportion of this figure. |
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Then changing your hand (that is to fay) drawing
your right reync a little fyrmer, and laying it ciofer to yourhorfesnecke, and keeping your left reyne ftifre> and laying the caife of your right legge to the horfes fide, you fhall make another femi-circle on the left hand from the center ofthe ring,to the oppofite vrge of the other fide ofthe ring: which two femi-cirdc* |
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*I he fecond^Bookg. i^y
will make within the ring a perfitc Roman S. accor-
ding to this figure. |
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When you h'aue thus -done," you fliall trott your
Rorfe about the large ring vpon yourlefthand, three ^r foure times,and then in that maner and forme, and Hith thofeobferuations before prefcribed, you fhall ^ake your changes againe in two other femi-circles, Hichmeetingeuenindie center, will make within » ^?largering two compleat rings or circles, aceor-- ^"gto the forme of this figure. |
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<Tbefeconcl<Booke.
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In this ringyou fhall exercifeyour horfe the fpace oi
, three weekes, or a month, according to his flrengt'1 and aptnefle, making him pace it, and doe his changes firft vpppn fooce pace onely : when he can pace then* pcrfitely, then you (hall make him tract, and make his changes vpon his trot,both flowe and fwifr,and whefl he is perfite vpon his trot5then you thall(as you-did ft theifirft rings) bydegrees, and by little and little \vak& him gallop it, and make his changes vpon his gallop' obferuingthatin his changes vppon his gallop, y°l1 rnakehimtakevphisforefeetea little more roundly* and loftily togetherthen in his ordinary gallop,Sccl^ : his hinder feete follow hisfore-feete a little clofer a° i fwifter: which you may doe, if onely when you beg1' to ftraiten your reynes, you either thruft your■Sect-*0 ^ard hard vpppn your ftirrop leathers, or-fhakey01- rodde ouer his head, that bee may heare the nQ/fl. |
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tlierof3or els moueyour body forward: which mat!^{
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"Lhejecond cBao/(e. 14.9
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muft be fo couert and clofe,that albc the horfc feelc it,
yet no by ftander may perceiueit. Alio that his head and necke (as well in the narrow
changes,as in the largencs of the ring) doc keepc the beauty and true proportion of a good reyne, without cither writhing, bending, thrufting out tnc nofe} or ftriuing for better liberty, any ot which faultes when you fTull percciue,you (hall inftantly correct it before you proceed any furtner,as either by drawing the mar- tingale alntleftraiter, or carrying the reyne of your trench a little ftraiter on that fide from whence it ben- deth, 8c alfo by carrying a tender & fweet hand vppon his mouth,which beingkeptin good temper,bringse- uery other part of his body into obedience. This gallopping of thefe large rings,is the firft raoft
conftant ground-worke which fwectneth a horfes mouth3makcs it tender and obcdient,certaine and im- mouable, and ftirreth vp life and courage, nimblenes, and lightnefle in a horfe,with many other fuch like be- nefits. When your horfe is pcrfitvponthis ring, and will
both trott and gallop itluftcly, and with a good cou- rage, you may then according as you feele his ftrength and ability to indurelabour, encreafehis tournes and hisexercifetherupon, makingitfomerimes his whole Jfiornings worke, fomctimes halfe, fometirhes more^ iomctiineslerTeatyourpIeafure.-proviidedalwaiesthat rhcnioftturnes you giue him atone time, before hee comctoafullftoporreft, benot(afterhehaue pae'd fing twice or thrice about) aboue fixe times about °n each hand vppon bis trott, and fixe times on each and vPon his galloppe: then ftoppe, retire, chcrrifti, K. apd
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150 5/>£ JecondcBook<s.
andftand ftillagpod fpace j then as before walke him
foote pace about thelargc ringe halfea dozen times to get him brearhjthen thruft him into his trot againc, Sc as you did before, fo now againefirft trott him, then gallop him, then ftop,retire, cherriih and reft. It may be your horfe by longvfc & continuance vp-
ppntbis ring(as horfes are naturally fubieoVtoobferuc olde cuftornes) will with all pexfitneffc, ftrength, and Iiuelyhood,qoth pace^trottjand galloppe it,yet if you Challchaace either vpon the correction of any fault.or vpon the approbation of hiscredulitie,to put him out ofthatringj and offer him another, either in another pJace,or after another fafhion,then I fay it may chance thathewilnotonelyatfkftoutofhisignoranccjftrike andfhowvnwillingnesto performeyour will,but alfo doe thathedoth,both with diforder and dif obedience, or it may be that when the horfe is come to fuch a per- fitneffe of this le(Ton,that like a toward fchooleboy,he can as it were fay it without hooke,hs will then growe focareleffe and negligent of what he doth, that out of thefrenzie of his fpirit,and fe.fetruftin his ownc doo* ingSjhewillexercife his leffon with fuch wantonneffe 8c apifh toyiflinefre,that he will blemifh all that which in the beginning he did with beft comclinefle.Laftlyjtt may be,that out of the peruerffenes of his nature(fub< ietft to rebell againft euery new knowledge)when yotf fhall either alter his lefTbn from theformcof his owns vnderftandihg, or briughim to any labour more^hef1 free hath ordinarily vfed^hee Will not onely difordef? but giuefignes of plaine reftifnefle j any of thefe*nrcg errors, whenyou fhallby your owne Judgement pet' cciuc in your horfe (which euer for the moftparx arJ |
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The fecond <Boo{e. * 51
found m his gallopping) you (hall then without inter-
miffionthrufthimoutofthisRiag, and trotting him vpon afwift trott adozen ortwentie paces forthright, there weade out firft a large Ring on the right hand, then another on the left hand,thenathird on the right hand againcjwhieh ihree rings when they are trodden out ,will carry the proportioaof this fignre following, the ftraight lines markt with this letter. A. being the ynarke of the euen furrow, where you fhall both enter in and goe forth oftheRinges. |
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R ^ Ypon
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15-1 1 he fecond'Booty.
Vponthefethree ringes I would haue you exercife
your horfe firft in his trott, and after in his gallop, for many dayes together, obfcruing euer both to begin ic end vpon that hand of which you finde him the harder and more vnwillingto goe,yet not to keepe him onely to thele three ringes, but to mingle with them the o- ther rings before difcribed; as thus for example,when you come firft to your riding place, you may begin with the two diftin&or fcucrall ringes,which after he haue pac'd,trotted & gallopped then riding him forth- right in an euen furrow twentie or thirtie paces, there flop, retire, cherrifh and reft, which done, then you may tread e out thcfe three conioyned ringes, which after you haue pae'd, trotted and gallopped, you may likewife ride forth in an eur n furrow,and there againe ftop^etyrejcherrifli and reft. After which, you may then trea^e out the fingle large ring, containing the two fmallcr ringes j and when you haue pae'd, trotted and gallopped it, you may then ride him forth againc in an euen furrow, and thereftop,retyre, cherrifh and reft: when you haue done all this, if notwithstanding you find this exercife not to be fufficicnt,but that your horfe is able to indure much more,or that you finde he doth not treade them with that perfitne.Te, fo that another repetition would be much au^ilable for your horfes vndcrftanding,in eyther of thele cafes you m ay begin againe with one,two,or all of the aforefaid lef- fons9continuing till you haue either giuen your horfe exercife (ufficient for his ftrength, oryourfelfea fu" contentment according to the proportion of Arte. If it fo fall out that your horle in this leflbn of thele
three conioyned ringes , either amazedly ftic^c.as
J ■ (hawing
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7 befecond 'Boofie. 15 5
(nowmganvnwillingnestotheexercifei or that hee
be offo good a temper of mouth, and nimbleneflfe of bodie3that he craues no more heipe ofone hand, then ofanother,thatis,ifheturneofboth handeswith like cunning, you fhall theft to thefe three ringes adde a foarth ring of like compa{fe,which being trodden our, fhallbeare the faftiion of this figure following; the let- ter A.fhowing the entringin, and the going forth of the ring : and the letter B. the change or alteration of the hand, as it appeareth. |
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154 Tb& Jecond \Boo^e.
After you banc cxercifed your horfe vpon-thcfe
foure ringes fo long that you fiudc in him befides a compleate pcrfitnes and skill, an extraordinarielight- nes, courage and delight in the lcffon, you may then conclude that you haue done as much in thefe large and pla-ineoompafles-as Arte de'fireth, fo that to pro* ceed*oaery othereonfufed rings fuch as fome authors hauc propounded only to amaze weake fences,and ftir admiration in none but the ignorant,is both friuoious and needles; the rather fith the horfe that is expert in thefe rings before mentioned, cannot be ignorant how to trott or^allop any. ring of what fhape or faftii- onfoeuer it be moulded: and for otherrings then fuch as areto be trotted &gallopped,asyetIwritenotof, butreferue them for the third d ue place. The errors which mod commonly purfuc thefe
large rings,arc oncly the diftempraturefr of the horfes head,thewcaknes or,writhing ofhis-necke,the caning outward of bis hinder parts,and the fldathfuU and flo- ucnly taking vp of his feetifor all which I hauc fhb wed yeu forinerremedicsift the foregoing chapters. For the vfes and purpofes whereof thefe large ringes
ferue(to fpeak generally as of all rings)you mull; vnder- ftand that the cheife part or foule of this art of horfe- maoflhipisbutonlytomakea horfe turne readilie on both hands ,hisbeftftrength, beautie,and nimblenefle beiiag both redoubled, and adorne4 by the power of art, which no mancan by any other meancs bringbet- tertopafiethenby continually cxercifiug a horfe in sbefe round circles, thefe large.ones being as it were - the firft letters or alphabet, which makes him cunning in mors curious leflbns. £«$ to fpeake more par tie4*- |
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Ibejecond cBoo{e. 155
larly,the€rfttwodiftin£t ringes before (hewed, are
butonciyto acquaint the horfe with labour, giuing him glimpf e or little light of cunning, yet in fuch fort that it neither diftemperhis minde, body, nor peace, but kecpe them all in concord,and albe he goe round, ycthe^gocsacasgreateafe, as if he-went ftraight for- ward. 1 he fecond ringcontainingtwo fmjller ringes, that teaches thchorfe a little more cunning, making him take vp hir legges more roundly and nimbly togc» ther,by meanes whereof when he is broughfrto aftrai- tercompa(lc,he will neither zbc ama d for want of knowledge,or ftaggcr or reele forwant of skill ortme vfe of his Tee re, the perfitnes of his ring being a good introduction to>all other leffens, how-curious orhow intricate foeuer. The bft rings which confift of three rin*gs,an3-fdure
ringesjboth bring to the horfe breath and nimblcncffe andare ofgreatvfeandferuiceinthe warrcs, chieflie when a man is to chargevpon (footer to be imployed vppon a difcoueric,or other light fenrice,fo as he nei- ther may ftand ftill, neither keepc ©nc eucn and dircd forth-tight line in his pafladges, but-firrlto gallop vp- pon one hand thenontheother,with fuch incertainty that it (hall be impoffible for the heft mark-man to take any conftant ay me againft him; whereupon, as I imagine,it was termed of horfemenithe galloppingof ^hcfaeldj And thus much for large ringes and their vfe. -R 4 OHAp, I5
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~" . ,„ I. . , . - I .1 * . '"■
156 cIhefecondcBoo^e.
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CHAP, 15.
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Of jlofpn.g^.retjring) Adaancing, and thevfes
thereof. ALthoughl haue in diuees of the former Chap-
ters fpoken of flopping, and of the time and place moft meete when to vfe ks yet for as much asl haue not fo plainely explainde it as isneeeffaryFor euery ignorant vnderftanding: IwiUheerefomewhac more largely difcourfe of that lefibi*, and firft that you may knowe what flopping is,it is a fuddaine ftaying,or defiftance froai any motion which a horfe vfeth with his legs,as namely when he either walketh,galloppcth boundeth,Coruettethorfuchlike, and it is done by a fuddaine and firme fetting downe of all his fore-legges together without any further motion- When therefore you will make your horfe ftoppe
which inthe firft beginningof a horfesleflbns, would euer be don inan euen furrow we which goeth ftrarght foorth from your Ringes, you (hall when you come within three or foure y ardes of the end of your furro w, by the liuely motion of your bodie, and by thrufting faorth your feete vpon your ftirrop leathers, make your horfe trott with more life and quicknefle, and then withafuddaine,firme,andfomewhat hard draw- ing in of bothyour hands iuft and cuen together, you {hall make him ftop. The thrufting hinvforth fo free- lie immediately before the ftoppe, being an occafi°n |
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TbefecondcBoo%e. 157
to make thehorfe coutch his hinder loynes,and ro truft
more to them then to his fore-parts, and (o flop both more comely, and more ftrongly : butif vponlmfirft flopping (as it is a fault almoft naturally incident to all horfes) your horfe as you drawc in your hand, doe thruft out his nofe, or offer to thruft k do wne towards the earth, both which motions ("hew dilorder and op- pofuion ;you fhall firft with your hand giue him a little checkeinthe mouth; and then holding your handes conftant and firme, giue him no libertie of head till he ftand ftill with obedience : but if notwithstanding he vfe this fault once or twice more, you fhall then make fome by-ftander to ftand before him at the ftoppc,who withthebiggeendof arodde,fhallkn»cke him vpon thenofc, when he either thrufteth it forth-right, or downeward: but if heyeeldetoyourhand, and ftand iuft with good conftancie,then both your felfe and the by-ftander alfo,fhall cheriCh the horfe exceedingly,and then giue him libertic of head,eafingboth the Trench and Mufrole. If when your horfe ftoppeth, be doth not ftopeuen
and iuft in the furrow, but thnifting his hinder parts out ofthe path,ftoppeth croffe- wife or ouerthwartjfor this fault albe Grijon would not haue you by any means to vfe either the help of your comrade leggc,rodde,or fpurre,but onely the affiftance of a by-ftander, yet I for *nine own part, am not altogether fo precife,as know- ing that albe a horfe is but a beaft3yet he hath more vn- dcrftandingthen any other beaft : wherefore if your horfe haue this fault offtoppingcrofte-wife, 1 would haue yo-u vfe the helpe of your legge,or roddein this ^ancr: if heftoppecroffejthatis thruftiug his fore- R 5 parts -
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158 The JecondTZookf.
parts ouerth wart toward your right harad,and his hin-
der parts ouertwhart towards your left hand,you fhali . thenby giuinghim a pretty fliarpctwitch with the left rcyneofyour Trench,and giuing him a clappe with the infide of your right foot^either vpon hisforeflioul- der,or before hisformoftgerth, you Challfethisfore- partseuen in the furrow againc: with which reforma- tion of his fore parts, it is very hard but heemuft alfo reforme his hinder parts, becaufe the.brin.ging of his forcpartes to thelekhandeuer brings his hinder parts to the right hand. But if it be fo-that either through his wilfulncs, or want of vnderftanding, he notwith- flanding continues in his vice, then you (hall make abyftandertoremouehis head and hinder parts into the cucn furrow>to whofe help you ("hall alfo accom- panieyourowneformcr hejpes, that thereby he may come toalbetter vnderftanding, both ofy our will,ana to what purpofeformGrly you vied thofe other helpes and corre&ions : which he will no fooncrpcccciuc, but he will dilligently obey. . Now if it fall out fo that whenheftoppeth,heJccc- pethhis head and fore-partcs firme and euen.in the path ,onely he puts his hinder parts out of the furrow, you iliall for amends thereof, whileft he ftandeth fiil), •firft with gentlemotionsgiuchim two or three little clappes with the calfe of your legge vpon the con- trarjefide from whence heciwarueth, accornpaning therewithal! the vfc of your rodde, with which you fhallnotftrike,butoncly lay vntohis thigh aiktie a- boue his cambrell, on the contrarie fide likewife from whence hec turneth : as thus for example;* 1* he caft his hinder partes out of the furrow toward*
.....- - • -------- _ your
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The feccnd'Boo^e. 159
your left hand, then you {hall lay the calfe of yourJefc
legge% andyourroddeto his left fide and kk thigh, which (becaufe all borfes naturally flic from correc- tion) will make him remoue his hinder partes to the right fide againe. Bmtif your horfe (eontrariebothto Nature and Arte) not- oncly refufes to vnderftand you3but alfo the more you vfe thofe helpes, the more he augments his fault (as I haue both fcene, and had horfesof.fuchqualitie) you (hall then caufca ftan- derby with his bandes,firft to thrufthis hinder parts intothe furrow with all gentleneftev but if the horfe (hew either vnwillingncfle or contention,then the by- Sander fhal not oncly thrcatenhim with his voyce,buc alfogiuehimagoodftrokc or two with a fmall cud- geU,vpon that hough to which he fwarueth, and to nifrthreatnings and ftroakes^ you {hall accompanie thofe helps of your owne before prefcribcdjthatyouE ■ horfe may thereby vnderftand, that;whatfoeuer be- fore you did, wasbut-by gentle meanes to bring him eo that,wherto heis now xore'd by compulfion: and be afl&ircd after you haue vfed this courfe three or foiire times,itfhaUbeenough:fothatvponthc leaft motion cither of your legge, or r oddc,hc willamend his vice, , With obedience*; After your horfe is thus broughuo know his fault
and mend his f aulr,if then at any time he happen to vfe the fame fault; you {hall then obferue,;that fiichvice neither procecdes from ignorance,, follie, or want of Arte, but merely outoftheeuillhabiteof his mindej .. vildneffe of complexion, and aptneffe to doc euill; which to reforme, you llballin ftcad of the calfe o( i yo^r legge on the conttarie fide, giuc him the |
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160 Ikefecond 'Booty.
full ftrokc of your fpurre on the comrade fide, and in
ftcade of laying your rodde vnto his hough, gjuc bim two orthrce good lertsvponhishough, angmcnting your punifhment ashe augments his fault,and notde- fiftingtiil hereforme hisviceJwhichhefhallnofoone*' doc m the fmalleft mcafure,but you fhallimmediately conuert your corrections into cherrilhingsjobferuing this caution (both in this errour and all others) not to continue your correction till he amend the whole fub- ftance of his vice : -but whenfouerhe doth but hitch, orremoueonefoot,orone fteppein wayofamendes^- vpon that diminutiue of goodnes not to omit to leauc punifhing, and prefently to cherifh him; nay if he doe butinfemblancefhoweawillingnestoamendjthough in motion he doe it not,you fhall cherifh him for that good fhowonely,thatbeing thereby fortified and en- couraged, he may with more willingneffe purfuea- rnends and goodnes. When your horfe thus with the temperate drawe-
ing in of your hands will flop tuft, firme, ftraightand ftrongly, couching his hinder legges in comely order, and carrying his head conftantly withoutthfbrdcr,you fhall then after he hath flopped and paufed a while, as it were to fetch his breath, and calld together his wits, make him retyre and goebaekein this maner. Firft, you fhall drawe both the reynes of your Trench cuefl together alittle morehard then ordinarie,towards the pommell of your Saddle.And if your horfe happen(as it is mod likely) out of his want of knowledge to ftand ftill,and rather3prefle his mouth vpon the Trench,thcj| ky going back y eeldsto y oHr hand, in this cafe you (b&\
immediately eafeyour hand, and with the fame &°* |
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7 he fecond 'Boofy. 161
tion of eafejdrawc it tenderly m a^aine3d«*uncing as it
were with your handes, and making them come and: goe with fwift, yet very foft motions, til-Lin the c<nd he remoue fome one of hisfcete, which how confufedly foeuerhedoth,yetnotwithftandingcherifhhim3 that hee may vnderftand your meaning is but the remoo- Uingof his leggesjwhich done, begin againe, and la- bour him is beforc,it may be then he will remoue two or his legges,at which againe paufe and cherrifh himj continuing thus to doe till you haue made him goe backe a ftep or two,whkh when he doth,you fhallim- rnediatel) chenfh him, light from his backe, and giue him fomewhat to cate .• then hauing walkt vp and do- n-: a while,you fhall take bis backe againe., and fo- licite him as before : obferuing, that at the firft begin- ning of this le/*on, you neither refpeft nor correct your horie,becaufe he goeth backe either iifauouredly orvnnimbly, becaufcthis leffon of all other leflbns is moft vnnaturall and fearefull. as well becauic hee hath not the vfc of his fight thetein, as alfo it is a moti- on quite contrary to that he firft learnd of nature; fo that at fit ftyou muft be fatisficd,if he doe but go bacl<e thoii&h with little or no comelinefTe. Afteryouhaucbroughtyour horfe to goe backe a
ftep ortwojifthenheftickejand will goe backe no fur- ther, you (hall then by no meanes hale or pull at his mouth, bur vfing the former tender motions of your band,turne the point of your rodde downward before hisbrcft,not ftriking him,but letting him feelc the rod at which if he ftirre not, you /ball then giue him a Iert or two with your rod vpon thebreftjifthatiauaile nor, then you (ball giuchim agood ftroake frrfW the one fide
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16% {£he Jeccnd TZookg.
ftde$.theno£the other with your fpurres, at which if
he either ftart, prefTe forward, or goe fidclong,»be not you moot:ed, but ftayinghim, Vfe againe the- fame helpes and the fame corrections without cea- fing, till you haue made him rctyre at leaftfixe or feauen paces, which when he doth (albe neuerfo- much ilfauoredly)immediatelyforgetnot exceeding- ly tocher rifh him. If it lo fall out thatyour horfe athis firftbeginning
tolearne to goe backc, cither oat of his dulncfle of fpirit, or doggedncfle of nature, will notwithstanding all your paine and gentle inftruclions, either difobe- diently rebell, or like an infenftble blocke (land ftill without fpirit or motion; in-eytber of thefeextrea- mities, you fball make a ftander by to ftand at the place of ftoppe, who as foonc as you offer to make your horfe retyre,fb.all with a rodde in his hand threa- ten him but notftrike hirrijfayingvnto hhribaehytjjekt: but if-the horfe notwithstanding continue in f^sftub- bornenefle, he fhall then with the bigg?* end of his roddejgiuctheHoriearappeor-twovpponthe nofe; yet this correction I would haue to be vericfeldome vfedfocfeare thereby the horfe giowefearcfullof the man, which is avilde error, but rather to make the ftander by to take the horfe by each fide of theMufroll and fc> thruft him backe, but by no meanes let him handle the cheekesof your byte, (albe it be the vfe <*f many horfemen,) forfeare the diflemprature of his hand breed diforder in rhehorles mouth. After the by ftander hath thus three or foure times
thruft your horfeback,and by that meanes giucn him* foil knowledge of your meting, ilthen your bo™* |
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T^befuon d <Boo{e. 16 ]
{hallnotvppon the firft motion of' your hand retyre
andgoe backe, you ftiallthen neither fpare the cor- rection of your Spurrcs, by (hiking them one alter another, neither the vfe of your rodde by Ierking himfoundlie ouerthwart the breft and fh'innes; nor thethreatningof your voyce, nor any punifhmcnr, thofe three helpes, can inflict vpon him, till witho- bedience hee fulfill your minde, and retyre at the firft motion. This leflbn of retyring, you fliall not ceafe day-
ly to labour him in, till hee be fo perfect, that hee will retyre when you will, as farre as you will, and as fwiftlyassail will,' ye^cuen with fuch fpeed that taking his legges crofwife, nimbly, and cleanc from the ground, he may not onely feeme to trott, but trottindecd backward jWhich is aleflbnwhichfhbwes inrherydergreatarr, and in the horfe great nimble- neflcand obedience. All the obferuations you (ball refpeft in this leflon;
is that your horfe in his retyring, carrie his head and rcyneclofeand perfe#, andyeelding his head inward to your hand3 and not outward from your hand, which if he doe, youfhall correct him by drawing the Mar- tingale fo much ftraker, as his head in thrufting out feemes to haue got libertie. Next you fhallobferuc that he retyre backe as iufrV
tye, and in aseuen a furroweas he trotted forward, not thruftingbis hinder partes awry, ot going b^cke crofwife or vncuen; which if he doe,the fame correct- ions which are prefcribed for the amendment of the like faultinthe ftoppe^ will reclayme his error in re- syring.Laftly, youfhall obferue that in your Hdrfes retyring,
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16 4- ^he fccond 2> 00/^.
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rctyring,y ou a little drawe your owne legs backward j
yet not k> much that either ic may be fogroflie pereei- ued by your beholders jthat you may loofcthebcautie of your feate, nor with that clofenes that you touch the horfes fides, and moue amazement, but in fuch ltioderate and comely order,that it may bee onely by your felfe and no other iudged 5 then when your horfe hathretyredfofaras you thinke (ufficient, you fhall immediately thruft your feetforwardfHffe vpon your flirrop leathersjwhich will prclently ftay him from re- tynng any further. OfaJuarcing When , our horfe willftop firmcly and furely, with a good grace and an humble obedience, and when hec willretireba^ke,eithefasfwihly oras flowlie as you will,andasfarreasyouwill; you fhall then teach him to aduance before, whichisnotonelyean exceeding great omamentand grace vnto all the horfes lefTons, butalfofo neceflary and profitable, that without it a horfe can neither manage, turue vpon either hand, or doe any other nyrc otfaft with bca*.;tie or comelines. To aduance before,is to make a horfe raife both his
forefeet together from the ground, &fet them downe inftantly in the fame place, with as good comelineffe ashectookethemvp, wherefore the fitteft time and place to make a horfe aduance, is at the itoppe onely, and you fhall doc it in this manner. After you haue trotted your horie infome grauelty
or fandy way, aboutadozenor twentic yardes, you fhall there ftop him, and in theverie inftant that you ftophim (thatiseuenasyoudravve vp the rcynes of your Trench) you fhall clap both the calues of y°l,r leggeshard to his fides,holdingthe reynes eonft»ot5i |
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iIhefecond<Boo\e* i<5$
firmeftili, butifat fi.rft he will notaduance (as there is
no likelihood he fhouid) not yet vnderftandingyour minde,but rather offreth to retire backejyoii fliallthen by thrufting your feet forward ftifFevpon your ftirrop leathers, noc oncly keepe him from retiring, but alf'o thruft him forward into his trot againe as far as before; where flopping him, and giuing him again? the fame heipjWith the calues ofyour lcgges,it may be then the horfc perceiuingyou will neuerlufrer him to goe for- ward nor backward, neither yet to ftarid Hill, he will out of the amazedneffe of his owne conie&ures, fhew fomeftrangemotionsyall which you fliall diligently heede,obieruing thatif he take vp but one foote, and fet it downe againe, that inftantly you eafeyour hand, andchcridihim: which done, trot him forth againe, and vpon the ftop doe the like, notceafing vntill you baueinforfthimto take both his fore-legges from the ground, in a round and cornel/order, andfofet them do wne againe. But if you fhall perceiue that in this leffon he (heweth exceeding floath and dulnefTe, and outofthepeeuifhnefTe of his nature (albeheevnder- ftand your will)yct will not performe your will,tn this ceafeyou fliall now and then,'in flead of the helpc of the calues ofyourlegs,giuehi;rryourfpurs one after another, but in any wife not both together, for that Will bring him not to aduancing,but to bounding, an Arteycttooearlyforhis learning : you may alfo for your better fpeedc, and to moue fpirit and quicknefle inthehoric; now and then as you help him with the calues ofyourlegge^giue him a good icrt or two with your rodde ouerthe left fhoukier. To fome horfcs of good «nettaU,th«£hafee of the rod will be fufficient vfe. S Wbea
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\66 The fecondTSooke.
When yoii haue brought your horfe that hee will ad*
nance with the helpe of the ealucs ofyour legges only, youlhallthenaccuftomehimtodoeittwiGe,thrice,or foure times together,euen fa oft as it thai pleafeyou to giue him warning by the former helpesjnot forgetting to cherifh him exceedingly,Co oft as he doth performs y,ourplea(ure. Nowiorobrcruations in thisJeffon; firftyou (hall
©bferue that you make him*ftoppeapdaduaunce vpon his footer pace-* then vppon his trottj both flowe and fwift, and laftly, vppon his gallop, yet let your grea* teftexercifeatthefirftbe vppon a fwift trotte, for it fooneft brings a horfe to lighinefle,. nimblencfTe, and vnderftandtfig. Next you (hall obferne, that when yow flop yoirr
horfe,and giue him the help of the calues ofyour legs, that you carry your leggsfoeuenandftraight by your horfcs fides, that as it were by an vnperceiued motion you nray helpeyourhorfe,¬bedifcemed by igno- rant gazers; which indeed is the true grace ofhorfman- (hip,and not like our S. George riders,carry your legges . beyond the fore-{boulders of your horfe; fo that euery time you bring them to the horfes fides, you fetch a 6ompaffe,as if you would (Irike your legs thorow him* both tothe fcorne of Art,and the diflike of all iudiciall fpe£feators,whi€h fafhion is by much toomuch pratt- led here in England, and makes many times our rider* excellent inward knowledgesto be vtterly condemned forthdEoutwardpracl:ife,and for mine owne part * neuer faw, either Italian, Frenchrnm^oi other {VrangeP» equal fome of our Engltjb riders4& any thing,buc in t n.e cpasttneffe oi theis. motions} which I mufrconfeffe ** |
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The fecond*Boofy. 16 j
wondrous praifc-worthie,becaufe by fueh Art a horfc
appearestodowhat he doth, rather by nature then mans induftFiejwhere on the-contrary part, when the motions are fogroflc,thehovfe(hoW well fpirited lo- cuer) feemes to doe nothing but like acart-iade which hath the whip euer vpon him. Nextyoufhallobfertie that-When your horfc ad-
uaunceth before that he couch his hinder loynes to- wardsthe ground, and that he fo conueniently trufi vpon his hinder feeteithat he Aide vpon them, and as it were diggevp thejground before himiwbich if he do not, you fhall then obferue=«uer to^ftap him vpon hanging ordefcending ground with fm head downe. thedeicent; infomuch that vpon neceflitie, he cannot aduance, but hemuft couch his hinder partes. Then you fhaUobferue thai your node aduatwee
nottoohieorrcarevpright,orthat raifingvp hisforc- legs, hecafl: them not out ill fauouredly,as if he would fpraule or Ihike with them; any of thefe faults if you perceiue3y0ufiTalvfethefcremcdics formerly prescri- bed in the-chapter againft horfes that will rcare yp- righr.: Laftly ,you fhal obferue that your horfc do not aduace
atanytirne, no not lo much as at his ftop except you giuehim the helps of the calues ofyourlegs; forauoi- datice wherof,and forafrnuch as horfes naturally after they haue got the tricke of aduancing, will vpon any fleight correction ordifpleafurejfalltoaduaunce and rife before,y®u (hall therforcneuet(but vpon great ex- tremicie)v(c the help of youripur in aduancing, nor to ftop oft in a fhort courfe,ncithcr (hall you(although it bcthcruleofc?r//w)teachyou£hQrfcco aduaunce by S i " the
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'
\6 8 Thefecond cBoo%e.
the help of your voice, as by crying Huf^hu^ot fuch
like, nor with the found of your rodde onely, without; the help of your Iegges, forfuch cuftomes doe bring diforders breeding in thehorfe fuch an extraordinarie lightneffe, that he will aduance when you would haue him goe forward, and in his wanton or fuilen motions be fo contrarie. to your will, that he will fall in the end to plaine r-eftifenes. Now for the vfes and benefits ofthefe three'effons,
there is none fo ignorant thatknowes not theneceility of ftopping,becaufe it is the onely ground of order and obedience, and alfo that it iliould be fudden,and in an inftant,becaufe in feruice the preffing forward of one yardemore then fhould be, is oft times the loiTe of both horfc and horfman, with many other reafons both probable and cffectuall, which I will omit, be- caufe I wiU.not be too tedious. Nextfor the vfc of retiring or goingback,it is almo ft
as neceiTarie as going forward °, for as itchargcthand annoyeth the enemie; Co this auoydeth and faueth the Rider, giuing him leaue in his cornbate to take his heft aduantage: it maketh a man retreite honourable from his foe, both with hisface vpcm him, and vndcr the gard of his owne fword and other defences, where contrarywifc, if a man fhould euer turnehisbacke, he doth not onely depnue himfelfeof all fafetie, but euen giues himfelfe to the aduantage of his enemy; it is alfo very profitable in trauaile, oriourneying, as if a man in anvnknowne way fhall be fo compafled about ey- therby bogges, waters or ditches of daunger, that he can not goe forward, neither turne of either hand, » iheohishorfe cannot retyre, into what a perple3titJJ |
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cThe/econd<Boo{e, i6p
~ I,. I., i i -1-, in. . . _
andmifchiefeis hedrawne? Laftly, going backe, fet-
leth and ftayeth the horfes mouth, makes him light and eafie of reyrae, and in the end makes him fo nimble of his feete, that not any other leffon but is learned after with a great deale leffe trouble and vexation. Now for the vfe of adtiancing(as before I faid,)itis
both anornamentto the horfes leffons, and the firft introduftion which makes a horfeturne gallantly and flrongl^it brings a horfe to kno we the vie and power of each of his feete, making him doe as much with three feete3two feet,and fometimes with one, as other horfes do with allfoure. And thus much for flopping, retyring,and aduauncing. |
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CBJP. itf.
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OfprUngbch'mde^ And the vje thereof.
AFter your Horfe will ftoppe dole and firme,
retyre readily, and aduaunce gallantly, if then ( your horfe being of complete age and ftrength* vvhich is fiue ycares old at leaft,) you finde him of fuch quick fpirit and liuely courage, that he hath as it were anaturallinclynation tolightnefle, which you {hall percciue both by his tra&abilitie and quicke aprehen - fion of hisleiTons,& alfo by his agilitie & nimblenes in doing of his leffons; when this you finde.it fhallnot be amifleif.then you teach him when he ftoppes and ad- uanceth, that lie alfo yarkebehinde; which for mine S 5 ©wne
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170 The fecmd TSuo^e.
owne part how euer other precept writers haue fet
downe compulforie meanes, which way to bring a horfe vnto it,yet would I neuer haue horfe vrg'd ther* unto,but when you finde him fo naturally adicT:ed,that. euen ofhimjelfe he begins the pra&ife of the letTon: for befidcsthat it is a lei] on of great ftrengtb, vio- lence, and hard vnderftanding, it is alfo fo fubieft to ftraines and painefulneffe, that it oft beates the limbes, and bringes both difeafe, and the effects of age,before nature would be acquainted with it j But being fo that you haue a horfe apt thereunto, and that he wants but onely Arte and your help to make him perfect , you (hall then when you haue trotted your horfe about twentic paces, enen in the very in- ilant that hee ftoppeth and aduaunceth, you (hall giue him a Iert or two with your rodde in his flanck, to make him gather vp his rumpc, not ceafing till hce take his hinder feetc from the ground, which as foone as you (hall perceiue him to doe you (hall imme- diately ftand ftill and chcrrifh him, nay if you finde he takes vp but one legge,albeheftrikeitout illfauoredly like a cowe, yet (hall you cherifh him for fo doing,thac he may thereby vnderftand to what end your corrs&i- onferueth.When you haue thus done,you fhalllabor himagainc, euer obferuingintheveric inftant of his aJuauncing to Iert him vndcr the flanke with your rodde, tillfn the end you make him yarke out both his hinder legges, iuft and euen together: which whefl hedoth,you(hallcheri(lihim, light from his backe, and giue him fomewbat to eate; which done, yoB (hallrakehisback, anddoeas you-did before, labou- ring him dayly in this leflbn, with fuch diligence ?n» |
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. *l he Second 'Boofy, 171
painefulne{Tc,thatintheendif when he aduaunceth»
you doe but Iert your rodde by his fide, and not touch hisfide, he will foorthwith yarke out both his hinder feete euen and clofe together. Now whereas fome gitie outprecepts to bring a
Horfe to his lightnefie or yarking behinde, tirft in the Stable,by beating him vppon the rumpe with a fharpe rod,the/wc£orfiichlikeinftruments, I for mine owne part, cannotbnt much diicornmend them 5 both fare* caufe it is a motion of all others, which in the Stable fhouldbeleaftvfed; as well becaufe of the vncomli- nefTe thereof in the houfe, as alfo the danger of the ry- derorbeholdcrsafhefhouldhap (as it is vfiull with fuch horfes) to throw off any of his fhoes, for carting filth or durtintheir faces which ftandbehindcj that is moft common, yet moft loathfome. Againe, ahorfe that is fo vnapt to yarke behinde^hat he will not Iearne itinthefield,exceptfirftitbemadeahoufele(ron^true- lie I holdc fueh a horfe vnfit to Iearne the le (Ton at all. Nowforobferuationsinthisl^flbn, you fhall firft
obferue that your horfe neuer yarke out his hinder leggesj when bisfore-lcggcs are vpon the ground, for thatisgrofe, vncomcly,and like a Cow, but that he yarke behinde, when all foure feete are from the ground, contrarie to which when he doth, you (hall immediately giuehimthe euen ftroake of both your fpurrcstogether, andit will not onely reforme him, but alfo bring vi> his legs with more Spirit. Second- ly, you (hall obferue that when he yarkcth, he yark out his hinder feete euen and clofe together, not one fur- ther out the another, neither ftryding one from ano- ther,noK more awry of one fific then the other, any of S 4 which |
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17 z The fecond "Booke.
which when he doth,you {hallimmediately vpon that
fide on which he moft offendeth, giue him the ftroakc of the fpurrc, and not of the other. Laftly, you fhall obferue that hee neuer yarke but
when you giue him the helpe of your rodde, neither that you carry your hand in this leflTon with any more hardneffe or intemperance, then when you taught him the ordinarie ftoppe; by which meanes if he fhall preffe forward at his firft teaching, you fhall neede no othercorrectionthento makehim retire back as much as againft your will he preft forward. Nowforthevfeof thisleffon, it isonelytomake
your horfe light,aimbk,and apt to fuch Ayres And/alts aboueground, as arc to be taught after j either for yourowneinfkucHonintheart, or for the delight of others; itisgoodalfoin feruice, if after you haue in* countered your enemie, he fecke to catch aduantage by camming behindc you v or if you fhall be compaf- fcdabout with moe then one cnemic, inany of thefe cafesyfyour horfe wilt yarkcbehinde,you fhalrfinde it %'ery profitable both for your owne fafety,and the hurt of thofc which feeke your deftru&ion. And thus much for making a horfe to yarke behinde. CHAP, 17
Of turning vpon both handstandthe fetter all kindes
efturnes. 0\^ turnes there be diuers &fundrie 'kioriet jwfcicft
^j^Jrfbr in our Englifh tongue we haue no proper L not diftia& names,) I tflinkeit not juaiffe to vf<?
- - >---------,------------ ^ofc
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The fecon&TSooke. 173.
' ■ - ■
thofetitles, which the jauncient Jtdians vfed; being
both proper and fignificant; as the Ucaudlare which is the firft ftraite or narrow turne that a horfe mould: learne, which indeedeimportes a lapping or folding ouerof theoutmoftleggeouertheinrnoftjyet is not done in any fuch ftraitneffe, but that the horfe hath li- bertie to vfe his hinder legges, as well as his fore-legs, and fo to goe as it were ina narrow ring. The next they call Ciambettd, and that is when a-
horfe tumeth his whole bodie3keeping firme vpon the ground but onely one hinder foote, And this turne of all other is the ftraireft.. Then is there another turne; which they call TerraiTerraizw& that is when thehorfe doth with equal! motions raifevp hi*fore-legges both together, and purfuing them after with his hinder- legs,beats a ring.roundabout,either oflargeor ftraite compafle, and this turne ofall other turnes is of mod vfe,beftbeautie,andgreateftpron"te. From this turne isderiued diners other turnes, as that which is called Ci«r^o/4,or fnaile turne„or that which they call Serpe~ f'hre^ and fuch like, of allwhich we will fpeake in their
euerali places j for as couching that method which hath formerly becneprefcribed ofhalfe turnes, whole turnes, and double turnes, although they in teaching be of good vfe,yet to the ignorant Reader they giue not a f ull fatisfaclion,. Wherefore firft of all to begin with that turne
Which the U&lhnsciWlnc&ualkreyow mall thus inftrucl: your horfe: firft riding him in fomc grauelly or fan- die way, you mail gently wallce out a ftraite ring on your right hand, being at the mod not abouc eight yatdsin his greateft comparand in the making ther- S 5.. ' ~"....... ' of:
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17+ 1 be fecond<Book{.
of you (hall haue an efpeciall regard by the carriage of
the left reyne of your Trench lomewhat more ftraite then accuftomably; that your horfe carry his head and necke very iuft and ecuen without bending or looking inward to your right fide, which done after a little paufe,youfhallthcn walkehim inaneeuenlinc,about two yardes, or two yardes and a halfe at the raoft for- ward, and there,by laying your left reyne clofc to his necke, your left legge clofc to his fide, andyourrodde vpon his left fhoulder,makc him bring his body about, and make iuft one quarter ofa compleate Circle vpon your right hand; then walk him againe in an euen line as farre further and with the fame helpes, and on the fame hand make another quarter of a circle, doe thus the third time and the fourth time,till the lines wheria you vvalke prefent vnto you this figure following. |
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In
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iTbeJecondcBoo{e. ^75
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Inthi&figureyoufhall walke yoiir horfe abaut at
lcaft a dozen times vpon a hand,making at euery point youpquartcr circles clofcr and cloferstilI you perceiuc at laft he lap & throw his outmoft leg ouer his inmoft. It may be that at the firft pra&ife of thefe fquare circu- lars, the horfe will be fovnnimble, that he will knock one legge vpon another, and not lap them ouer tnor- deras becommeth,butofthattakeyouno refpeft, for euenthofc knocksfhallbe corrections ynow to bring him vnto refor mationdet your care be only to preferuc hisrcyneineckeand head, confhnt and firme, and to take that leafure and time in this leflfon , that your horfe
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\j5 . *Ibe Jecond'BooI'se.
horfe by your hafte may not be brought to any doubc-
full thought or amazements j when you haue walkc your horle thus a dozen times on the right hand, you fhall then make the like figure, anddoeas much vpon the left hand,vfing euer the contrarie helps to the con- trarie hand3in theie two figures you fhall exereife your horfeeuery day, atleafttwoor three houres together for the fpace of eight or cen daies at the leaft, till he be fo perfit therein, that you (hall no fooner mooueyour Iegge,or ftirrc your hand, but he will eftfoones lap his eutmoftlegge ouer his inmofte, and turne with ail comclineffe,which when hedoth,you (ballthen make thofe quarter circles full femecirclcs, and fo change your proportion to this figure. |
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In this figure, you (ball exercife him aweeke at'the
leaft till he be fo perfect, that by his nimblenes and quicknes, thereupon you finde him both apt and cun- ning enough to make thofc femicircles whole rounds, which the Ifalrattscall compleat fingleturnes, or if you lift he will do them(onely with the help of your hand) full twice about, which is a iuft double turne, and as you finde him pcrfe& vpon any hand,fo yon (ball alter the ring, and praftife him vponthe other, till he be v- ponbothfo«unning, that neither hath aboue other any fijperioritie. "7" " When
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"'The fecond TSookg. i y y
When your horfe will thus doe this Imisuittatf in
a ring, which muftbefrom the center to the verdge, but iuft the horfes length, you(hall then for a dozen turnes together,nay(ometimestwentie turnes, excr- cife him onely therein, making his hinder feete onely moue in the Center, and his fore-feet lapping the out- moftjOuertheinmofttobeateout the proportion of theoutmoftring-, Irithisfbrt, after you haue labou- red him, and made him perfir, you (hall then after he hathmadetwoor three turnes on your right hand, caufe him to retire three or foure paces,and then with- out any ftay doe as many times on your left hand, rbea retire as farreagaine, and doe as before on the right hand againe,and thus till he be perht,you (hall prach'fe him: onely helping him with your legge,rodde, and the morion of your bodie,leaning a little on the con- trariefide to that whereon he turneth,till cuftom haue brought him to that cunning, that your hand onelye fhallbehelpefuificient for this motion. Nowforas muchas fomehorfes,parrJy.ot!t offolly5
partly out of vnnimblenefle, and partly out of euill inch/nation, are many times more apt to tirrne vpon one hand then vpon another; na'yfome fo dogged, that they will turn e on one hand and not on the other at all, Ithinkeitnotarniffe, before I proceed any fur- ther, to (howeyou how you (hall reclaime fo foule an error: firftifitproceed from folly & vnnimblenes,then onely cuftomc and pra&ife will amend it, for the one brings knowledge, the other agilitie^ but if it pro* ceede from euill inclination;, or-ihibbo rnnefTe of will, then muft there be fomsfflore cxtraordinarie art vfed, and in it many excellent horfemen haue laboured both their
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17 8 *?be Jecond TSooke.
their wits and bodies, finding out remedies of fundrie
natures, all which though experience haue found them profitable in fome Horfes, yet the fime expe- rience hathalfo found.them vttcrly -fruitlefle in hor- fes of otherconditions^for there is nothing more hard to. reclaime then this vice, rinfomuch, that I dare not Gonfidentlie fay this onepradH/e fhall rcclaime this fault in any Herfe whatfoeuer ; albe the goodncfic thereofhaucbeeneelteeinedneuer fogenerall: but to returnctathcfanlc.it felfe, if your Horfe will tunic readily on the righthand, but molt vildely or not at all vppon the left, (though*in nature Horfes eucr doe turne more readily on the left hand then the right)you ihallthentrcade out your firft fquare with quarter cir- cles on.your lefthandj-and exercife him thereon, then enthe right hand, and then on the left agame, both -beginning and ending vppon that hand on which he 'ismoftvnreadie : you rhall -alfo to the other helpes before prefcribed, addc this, to carry eucr your left rcynealittlc fhortcr then the right. Some will in this cafe of vnwilling turning,haue a Foote-man ftand .beforethehoriewithavroddeinbiihand, who when you would haue your horfe to turne, as you vfc the helpe of your legge and hand, (hall with his rodde ftrikc the horfe on the right fide of the nof e, and threa- ten the Horfe by crying Turneheere and twnt theret but inmyconccite though it were the precept of Grifet* himfelfe, I holde it barbarous and vnprofitable, for it will both bring the horfe to weakeneffe and inccrtain- tieofhishead,to rearing and plunging i Andlaftty* to fuch a cowardly fearcfulnes, that he will hardly af- ter iidure any man whatfoeuer* ------------- --------------- Qthct$ |
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Tbe/econd <Booke. i j?
Othershauevfedtotye athong oftleather, to the
eye oftheTrenchjOti the left fide^atxd the other ende (the thong-being dra wne vcrie ftraight j to the formoft gyrth cm the fame (ide, and then turning hira loofe in- to fomeftraiteLanCi, either betweene two walles, or elfe betweene t wo hie fences, and thereyour felfe bet- ing at one end,aHdMome other Foote-man at the-other, vvithroddes in your hands to driue him vpand downe from one end of the Lane to the.other, forcing him euer to turnc vpp©n the left hand, as of neceffitie he mult doe, beeaufehescannot uirnevpon the right handjhis head being fotyed Co much to his left fide,, but this is more friuolousthen the former,and neither hathtafteof Arte nor agreement with good fence. For befidesthat,the manner thereof^ full of frantickc violence and amazement, rather makingaHorfc mad with his fault, then giuinghim knowledge how to a- mend his fault: it is alfo fo fubieft to indifcretion and mifgouemment, that it is impoflible to worke any goodcffe&outoffuchloofe.tryall.Anotherway is v- fed to amend this fault by tying a cordc either to the ehaineorCauczan, and bringing it through the ring on that fide of which he is vnwilling to turner and ma- kingaby-ftandcrholdethc cord in his hand j if when you would haue your horfemrne on thathandj he re* fufe, thenfhalltheby-ftandergiiiehimagood twitch With the cordc,and make him turne whether he-wil! or ao.This isfomewhat moretollerable then the other* yet notof fufScient goodneffe, for it marrcs the horfes leyne, and makes weake she nccke, both which mull bevwhallcarepreferuedi Nowforchangiogih*hookc of tbeCuibe to that
fide
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18 o 7 be fecond *Boofy*
fide of which the horfe is hard to turne, and hauing
iharpeprickes thereon next the horfesItppes, or to place (harp nailes through theports mouihofthebyt, on the comrade fide to that on which the horfe will notturne,or if he will nocturne on the left hand, to turne him fo oft on the right hand, that you euen tyer him,and fo through his diflike of turning on that hand thinke to make him turne on trie other : although thefe be Grijens precepts, and may workefome effect to this purpefe : Yce for mine owne part, I would haucthem (ildome vfed: for the prickes on the Cutbe makes a horfe loofe the delight in the Curbe, which is theonelyfigure that (hoes afweete mouth ; and the prickcsinthe ports-mouth, makes a horfe (hake his head,8c vfe fantafticalleountenanceSjWhich are migh- tilietb be efchewed, but for tyring him in that leflbn whereinhee doth well, is fo prepoftcrous, and gi- ueth him fuch difcouragement,that he will neuer doc any thing but ill afterward. But to come to correcti- ons offomebetter naturc,ifyour horfercfufe to turne as before I faide on your left hand, you (hall to the righteyeoftheTrench,faftenafmall twound chaine, which chaine you (hall bring from thence betwixt the horfesneatherlippe, and hischappe thorow the left eye oftheTrench,and thcrbycaftingaknotvpponthe chainc,kecpcitthatit(lip notbacke, nor fall from be. twixt his lippe and chappe, then the remainder of the chaine you fhall beare in your left hand like a falfe rcyne, and then praclifing your horfe inthe firft fquare roundes,if he fticke or refu(e to turne on your left hand you (hall then at firft twitch the chaine gently, that he maybutfeelethe corre&ion, but if notwithftanding |
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*Ihefecond"Boofe. 181
heperfeuerinhisftubbornefTe, you fhali then draw«
the Chaine hard, and compell him to turne whether hec will or no, ioyning to this correction a good ftroake or two with your fpurre on the contrarie fide. And as I prefcribe this rule forthe left hand, fo if he be harder to turne on the right hand, (which is more common) you (hall but then alter your chaine, your helpes and corrections to the other fide, and it will worke all one effect. I haue feene fame, that inftcad ofthischaine,hauc
vfdea fmall cord,butithath fo gald and cut the horfes moutb,that I haue feene foule Cankers gro we therby-; fo that I conclude the Cord to be exceeding ill. I haue feene ethers,that vfing this Chaine, haue ridden into anewplowde fielde, and there haue trotted him too and froe, as it were in a managing furrowe, and when he hath (hewed any difbbedience,they haue not onely tormented him with the Chaine, ind the threatnings of their voyce, but they haue alfoipurred him excee- dingly, on both fides, beatehim betweene the cares and about his fides with a cudgcll fo exceedingly, that I haue feene fome horfes growe defperare and fome fo deie&ed, that they haue flood (till, and would not ftirre though a man (hould haue kild them. This vio- lent courfe is tobefhund. And thcgrauellyorfandy way, and the gentle manner of inftru&ion,which car- ries knowledge with it is the beft way to reclaime this fault; yet obferuing this rule, when you either vfe this Chaine or any other correction, neuer to defift or fuffer your horfe to come out of the fquarc rounds, till with Help only, and without the vfe ofcorrclion, heepcrformcyourpleafure, no not though you bee T compelled |
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i8*. "The Jecond'Booke.
you be compelled to continue him therein from tnor-
ning till night: for to leauchira when he doth euill is to fortefte him in all euill,as alio to torment him when he doth well,- istomake him loath well dooing, and holdehisgoodneshisyvorft error, wherefore as you muft labour and trouble himtillhe do well, fo when it is done you muft not forget to giue him eafe and cherifhings. But to acometocpnclufion of thefe many remedies
for this fuvglefauk, you (ball vnderftand there is one more ■ remaining, in my iudgemenr, and as I haue found by pra&ife,farrc exceeding the reft; wherefore I would aduife all;men not %° v*e any other till this £aile,andchusitis. If yourhorfebehardertoturneon the right hand
then on the left,you fhall take away the mufrole made ofwrythenlron, and in ftead thereof, putvponhim a Cauezan, which hawing a fhorc leather faftned to the two ringes,whereto to put the Martingalc,itmuftalio haue two reynes to runne crofle-wife thotow the ringes, which you muft carrie in your hands with the raynes of your Trench. This Cauezan muft be made fmootbe without teeth or nickes, but onely for the breadth of two or three inches on the left fide, which anuft not onely be full of (harpe teeth,but allb haue cer- tainefharpe punches or prickes to runnc thorow the Cauezan, and ftandeucn with the teeth, fo that when you fhalhit any time drawethe right reyne, the teeth and prickes may both bite vppon the fide of the horfe* ^ace, and when at any time youcafe your hand, that then the Cauezan may carrie fitch company that 1* n9lorigerpfefl€0£hu«theh©i:fc« far you mufl : ***, |
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Tbefecond'Bookf. 18$
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obferue,thatyour corre#ion continutno longerthcn
the reformation of the vice-.thc foflaion ofthsCaueian Is contained in this figure* |
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I hauefeeftethisCauciattniadewitha Kttle ftiffe
plate of fteele,fuli of holes3through which theprickes and teeth did pafle, fo that when you doe drawe the reync andpreffe the plate, then the prickcs would run |
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184. ThefecondlSoo^e.
intonehorfes cheeke, and when you did cafe your
han j, the plate of fteele would thruft the prickes from the horfes face j this was not amine, but verie ne- cefiarie, neuer the leffe, if the Cauezan be made in round and iuft compauesit will hurt no more then if it had the plate of fteele. Now as thele teeth and prickes being plac'd on the
left fide of the cauezan5make a horfe turne on the right hand, fo being plac'd on the right fide they make him turne on the left fide. With .this Gauezan, and the helpes of the hand, leggeandrodde,asaforcfaid, I would haue you excrcife your horfe firft in thefquares with quarter circles, then in the long furrowe with femycircles, after inwholecirclesjandfofoorth till he be (operfed in this ftraite turne, that hee will doable and redoubleit at y our pleafurc:obferuing euer that in this turne he carrie his head and neckein euen and juftproportion, that he lappe his outmoft legge o-> tier his inmoft with all comelineffe, and iaftly that he kcepe true time with his hinder legges, and remouc them inequallproportion with his fore-legges,. nei- ther fofwiftly, as if hee would play Iackc oucr the Chainc with his hinder partes onely (which is the fafhionof the^A»4;»«)norfo flowely, as if his hin- der legges wereglewed to the ground,and would haue no motion* When your horfe is perfccTinhis turne, the next
ftrait turne is called Ciambetta,and GrifoKwrites thcrof aycry tedious andlong difcourfe. Thjemaner of the turncisto makeahorfe take vp both his fore-legs from the ground,and not to fet them downe till he bring his h&*d to the place where his buttockes flood, whicb^e |
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callcs a halfe turncs but if hee bring his heaie to the
place: where before it ftoode, then it is a whole turne and if he doe it twite togetbcr5then it is a double turne* In this nunc, the horfe muft keepe firme vppon the ground but on-ly one hinder footc, whieh makes the turne fo weake>incertaine and vncomely,t'iat(as there isgoodcaufe) itismcerelyoutof vfewith all good horfc-men: for if a man {hall eome to ioyne with his eneffiieatthefworde, if meueryfiraiteturne a horfe take three of his fe^efi urn the ground : how eafie a mattei isitfortheencmie by rufliingin vponhim ro ouerthro w oothh.'m and hi* horfe to the ground ;'yec in the dayes of Crifr»9 partly becaufe of the ftraic- neffc and curiofitie there f, and partly for want of better experience, it was thought the onely artificial! tiirfie ; andqueftionleflc in his pradife he did ap- prooue (asappeares by his writings) many waves to bring lus horfe vnto it, as namely by ryding him in a driedykc,madeabout nine ynches deepe,°and eigh- teeneynchesbroade, wherein flopping hirn, and ma- king him aduaunce before, in the verie inftant of his aduauncir.gto make him turne about, fo that his fore- feete may not touch the ground nil they come where his hinder parts flood; or by exercifing thelikc in fome narrow way, deepe worne with water, or by tea- chingthe horfe in the ftable (by knocking him voder the knee with a fticke) to holdc vp one of his legges as long as you lift, with many other'fuch like expc riments.which becaufe the turne is both naught, dan- gerons,andoutof vfe, I will not clog your memories vvtththe idle ceremonies thcieof, but thinke this I «4ue aheady fpoken of,to be with the mott,vn!e(fe tb<? T 3 mattes
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\%6 Thefecond 'Boofy.
matter wcreto better profite orpurpofe.
Theturnc The next turne, and of all the moft artificial!, and Terw Terra profiiableturnc, isthat which I tearme (wanting a more proper name) Terra^Terra jf or there is in it both beautiejarte.ftrengthjandprofite. Andalbeitcarriea larger compare then the former turnes, yet when it is brought to perfitneffe, you may make it as ftraite as any of theothersand with a great deaie of lefle dan- ger. Thewaytobringyourhorfevnto thisturne, is after youhaue made him perficevppon the IncxmUre^ firftinthefquare, with quarter circles., then in the fe- micercles,and laftiy in the whole roundsjyou thai then infomegrauellyorfandie way, marke out a Ring v- pon your right hande, which mud be at leaft a dozen yardesincompafle: which done, you fhall pace ano- ther ofthe felfe fame compaffe vpon your left hand, & ioyneitelofetotfaefirft: then yon fhall enter into the firft Ring againe, and after you bane trotted your horfc once or twice about it, youfhallthen vpon the trotting of three yards(whi*ch is theful quarter of your Ring)by laying the calfe of your left Iegge clofe to the hor?esfide,and drawing your hand a little in, make your horfc aduaunce before, and then inftantiy vppon his aduancing, thruft him for warde againe into his trot,not fuffcring him by any meanes to fticke or ftay, andfotrottinghimotherthreeyardes, make him ad- uaunce againe, and then thruft him into his trott a- gaine other three yards,doing thus till you haue made him to aduaunce foure times in the whole compafle ofthe Ring, that is to fay, once in eucry quarter of the Ringjwhichdone vpon the right hand, you (hall then H);akchimdoeasrnuch vpon your left hand in the left .:*■'■ rings
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7he/econd *Boo{e>
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1S7
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ring: and for a better Spla^tlo^eT^^
©n this figure following: and where you fee the fmail
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In thefe rings you fhall exercife your hoffe, onely
vpon a Ivyift trotM he grow fo light and nimh)e3thac
vpon the leaft motion of your legge hee will prefently aduaunce and away againe without any ftkking, ncy- thctdifordenng his head, reyne, or any other part of his bodie but carrying euerie member in his place and comeiinefle; Whenyourhorfe is thus made perfite vpon thefe foure aduancements,then you fhali deuide the quarters or your ringesintohalfe quarters : And where before he did aduaunce at the end of euery three yards.youOiail make him aduance at euery yarde and ahalfe, fQ that then your whole ring ftalicarriceioht LlIoUwniCCmCn,tS,aCCOrdinS£0 the m<* i» this figure
following ln thc next page. b |
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T4 Vpon
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i88 *Ihe Jecond^ooke
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VponthisRing, and with thcfceightaduauticinss'
you fhall pra&iieyour horfc Jo long, till hee cither growctofuchpcrfitcneffc,thaiif asfuonc as he hath
aduaunced and fet downe his lore feete againe, c;oing
but one foote forward, yougiuc him the leafVhelpe
with thecalueofyourleggethat maybe, hewillpre-
fently aduaunce againe, and then going againe but
onefteppe forward, aduance againe, doing thus till
begrowe fo perfite, that as he aduaunccth with the
helpe of y urlegge; fo putting your feete forward,
he will likewife follow with both* his hinder feete e-
uen together, and let them downe euer in the fame
place, where he tooke vp his forefcetc, onely carrying
hisinmofl fore foot,andhis inmoft hinder foot a little
morcforward then his outmoft fecre.Whileft he doth
any
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Ihefecond Book, iSp
*~~-,_________________________________,_________________________________________
any thing in circle; but when he doth it ftraight for-
f;ard, then to take vp bis forc-feete euen together,and
fshinder feete euen alfo, firft not aduauncing thus forward aboue twice or thrice together without che- rifhing,tillhe come to that perfection and cunning, that he will with the help of your legge, with thefe ad- uaunccments beate the whole ringround about: wher- inyoumuftobferue, that befides the carriage of his head and reyne,)whichni!ifteuerbeconftant. round, and in the beft grace,) he doe alfo follow his aduatm- cings with his hinder legges fo clofe and iuft, that by no meanes he may feeme to flicke in his pafTage, or ap- pcare as if cither his hinder partes were glewde to the ground, or elietooheauie for him to raife from the earth, asinthefe dayes you fhall fee many horfes doe,yeaeuenfometirnes vnderthofe who rake vppon them to be as good as the beft fchoolem_ifters,but it is a faulr,vilde and infufferablejfpringingeuer from cor- ruption in teaching,as thus; when a man will bring his horfc toroafcehisturne, by farcing him to aduaimce three or fonrc rimes together in one place,and then go- ing a fteppe or two forward to adnaunce as oft more. And thus by continuance of thefe many aduauncings, and few fteps going,ac laft the horfe is brought to take vp both his hinder feete together, andfo to follow his fore- feer,fetting the turne round about; but thofe ma- ny aduancings together in one place, is euer the caufc of a horfes flourhfull bringingonofhis hinderpartes, becaufc hee thinkes (according to his firft wilomc) thathefhouldnotremoue vppon the firft aduaunce- ment,orif-hcdoeremotie, itisfo little/thar it is al- to oft as good as nothing at ail, wherefore if you will haiie
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ipo ^Ihe fecotid^Booke.
haue your horfe cunning and gallant inthis turne, by
nomeaneslethim aduaunce aboue once in hi> firft teaching, before he (tcppe forwards. YoufruU a!(o obferue in thisturne thatyourhorfe
kecpe true tunc, ndleahirc, that is, that he aduaunce not fafterorflowei at one time then at another, ney- ther take greater ftrydes at one time then another, but euer obferue that iufi. time and meafure, which he vn- dertakes at hU firit beginning; the fault whereof (when at any time it happens) muft euer confift more in the horfemanthenin the horfe; for the horfe ncuer aduauncingo but when yon giue your helps, look what time you obferue in yourhelpes, necefkrily the fame time hee muft keepe in his motions, and in this time keeping lieth much arte, becaufe euery leffon that is rudely done without it, is better vndone, as hatting in it neither grace nor profite. Whc« your horfe will with thefeaduancin^sbeate
this large ring about, both ftrongly,iuftlye, and with a good grace, you may then drawe your ring to fo imall a compafle, that with foure aduancings, yon may make a compleate circle, according to the fmaU ring in the Center of the former ring : obferuing this getierallnotc,thatinyourfirft teaching, vpon euery fingle turne fetting, that is, vppon making one circle com pleatc,youcherrifh your horfe, but by no meanes fuffcrhim to Hand (till, but vpon the finishing of his turne,to make him then trott about the ring that hee may recouer new breath, and in his trotting cherrifh him; andlooke whatfoeueryou doe vpon the right handjforget not to doe the fame vpon thelefc hand al- io i or if he be apter to one hand then the other, look© vpoa
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"Tbe/econd iBoo,{e. 15? 1
vpon which hand he is mofl vnapt,and vpon that hand
you muft euer double his exercife. 'Afteryouhauc once begunnewiththis turne, you
muft not ceafe dayly to pra&ife your horfe therein, till you haue brought him to that perfitencffe, that with the leaft feeling you can poffible giue with your leggc, he will both begin and continue his turnc, by meanes whereofyou (hall not be compelled to vfe thofe grofle and farre fetched motiom,which many of our Englifh Riders vfe,butperformeyour helpesfo couertly, that though they be felc, yet they fhall not be difcerned. You may then alfo double his turnes; and where hee went but once about, make him goe twice, thrice, or foure times, according to his ftrength and courage-, you fhall then alfo leaue thefc largs double rings, and onelymarke out one finglc ring, bearingbuthalfethe compaffe of the former. And after you haue paced and trotted it about, you (hall then giue him the helpe of yourleg, and make him (as was before fhewed you) beate the ring round about, rayfing vp his fore partes, and folio wing them fwiftly with his hinder partes, till he haue gone twice, thrice, or foure times about, ac- cording to your pleafure on your right hand -y which done, you fhall then trott him agamc about the ring foure or flue times to recouer his breath, and then trotting him out of the ring, take a little compare a- bout, and turne him vpon your left hand, on which hand you fhall doe in all points as you did vpon your , rigb t hand: the maner and proportion of your change you fhall behold in this figure following. |
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When
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19i ^fhe Jecond Hooke.
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When by excrcife vppon this Ring, you hauc
brought your horfe both to perfitneif e ar d conftancy$ in fa much that he pcrformes cueric leflon with great Art, nim.bleneffe andlightnefie, you may then aduen- ture to proccede further, andputhirn to the C>rngola^ or Snaile ring, wherein you are to vfe no other Art or hclpes then were vfedin the former rings for the diffe- rence is onehy in the continuance ofthe labour and the fafhion ofthe roundes and not in any other fubfUnce: for as in the former ringes you kept one certaine line without alteration;!© in thcCera^ffloyou fhaldo other- wifejorwhenyoudi)eit,- ou (ballatfirftmarke out a ring of about a do .en or fourteene yatds in compaffe, which after you haue pac'd and trotted, you ftia'l then by giuingthe helpc of your outmoftlegge to the ftrait- neffe of your hand, make your horfe beatetbc Ring round about, and when you come to the elofing tof : ; - — — >—------ *■ --.......------ *hfl
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__ ¥kefecond<Bo@ke. 19;
the Ring, by drawing your handesalictlc more ftraite
andinwardjkccp him ftilJ in his aduaimcing,and drawe the ring to a letter com pafle,which fecond ring, when youcometoclofe, you fhall as you did before againe ftraiten: and thus ftraitning ring after ring,bring your horfe within thecompaiTe of his own length.which is the ftraireft turnc thattnay be, &there finifli and clofe vp your turne, which done, trott him croffe the Ring to the largcft compare, and thereby changing your hands,turnevpon your left hand, and doe in allpoints as much as you did vp»n your right hand, the fafhion of this SnaiIeRing,youmay bcholdc in tnisfigure,the firft letter A. being the entrance into the ring, the let- ter B.the clofingvp of the turne,and the fecond A. the changing of the hands. |
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Wljenyaiirhorfe will p erfc&ly fee this turneyo»>
may
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ip± The jecwdcBookg.
may then conclude him to be perfit in all turnes, for
there is none more hard orfull of difficultic, ancHt is Very much commendcdbyC/d^* Carte, a man verw famousin this arte, yet for mine owrie part, after yott are once affiled that your horfe will doe it fufficiently, you fhall then pradtifeyour horfe therein very feldomc fositweaknetha young horfe exceeding much, and abateth his jnettall greately, efpecially if itfhouldbe made a dayly leffon. And thus much for turning, and the feuerallicindes thereof. |
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CHAP. 28
■
OfM&nsgtng, tmdthe finerrflkmdes
thereof. |
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A
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Lthough euery leffon which is doue, cyther arti-
ficially or beautifully,may by true interpretation |
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be faid to be a managc,yet forafmuch as we heerc
in England, giuethe attribution of that name onely to one particular leffon &no other: which indeedc is onely that we vfe when we encounter ourcnemic with the fword, or elfc praftife in turning, where we vfe to gallop our horfe in one direft path, at leaft twentie or thirtie paces in length, and at either end to turne in * ftraite or narrow crickle,gallopping too andfroe ma- ny times together, I thinke it not amiffe both for cu- ftome fakc,and for your better vnderftanding,toholde the title ftill to that leffon and no other. Now ofthiskinde of m&n&ge^ which onely is prop*?
tothefword,<7ni/*» writes both diuerfly, and makes
-------------- diuers |
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The fecond Hoo^e. 19 5
diiicrskindesthercof,as#*4#42r with halfe time, that
is after he hath ftopt, not to turne him till the fecond aduancement: manage with whole time,that is to turne vpon the third aduauncement ; and manage wkhoac time, that is, to turne him prefcntiy vppon the floppe without further rclpk. Of allthefehe hath wriucn both largely and ferioufly, anddoubtles in his dayes, and vppon the firft foundation of this art, they were found not vi;nece(Tarie j yet in thefc dayes of ours, Where art is broughtto a better perfecliQn,thcy are all found vfeleffe and inconuenient, the two firft hauiug in them a kinde offloath or delay, both difcommen- dabhrand vnrnmely, the orher a kinde of quuicknefie or fodainneffe full both of danger and incercaintie: wherefore to cometo the true manageindeede,which hath in it both Beautie, Art and Profit, you fhall after this manner bring your horfc VHto it, firft infome gra- uelly or (indie hye way, you fhall trottc your horfe 'forth-rightin one path,about fome 20.or ;o.pacesa8c jjttheendthereoftrottingasitwerea halfe moone v- pon your right hand,trott downe another direct path Co the point where you began, and thereby making an other halfe moone vpon your right hand againe,ioync the two pashestogcther at the end alfo, fo that then the figure wherein you fhall trotr, will prefent to your eyes this propoitioflfolbwingin thenoxtpage. |
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When,
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ip6 cIhefecond<Boofy*
---------------------- _ M|| , - , -------_^_^MJ^^__J P.I I I I — '
( )
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When you haue walked and trotted in thcfe two
pathes twice or thrice about, you (hall then thruft your horfe forth into a little morefwiftcr trottthen before; and when you come at the end of the path,you {hall by drawing your nandsalittleftraiterinward,and by giuing the helpe of the calues of your legges, make your horfe ftoppc and aduauncc, and prefently vpon the aduaunce thrufte him forwarde with your fectc againe,and then giuinghim the calues of your legges againcjinakirig him aduaunce againc, you (hall as you did inyour former turnes, make him bcate that fcnii- eircle about: which when he hath done,you {hall then put him into his trott, "and trott him fwiftly downe the otherpath,where (lopping him againc, and vfing the former hclps(as you did before)you fhall now beat the other femicirele about on the fame hand alfo with ad- uancings as before. When you haue thus done vpon the right hand three or foure times togcthcr,you {hall then doe as much vpon your left hand,eontinuing this exercife fo long,till he grow fo pcrfit and cunning,that when he comes to the ftoppe he will euen of his owne accord, fet the halfc turnes without almoft any alfi- ftanees which when you pcrceiuc, you (hall then put him
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1 be feconrf'Boo^e. ipy
him from his trot, and make him doe the fame vpon
an eafie and (lately gallop. In this leffon youmuft be very diligent tohelpe and
affift your Horfe in eucry needfull time, bccaufein this leffon i-s comprehended many other leflbns, as the grace and perfection of his gallop , the ftrength and certainty of his flop, and the agility and nimblenefTe of his ftraite turnes. When you haue made your Hotfc perfite vpoti
thefe Semicircles 3 and double pathes, then you fhall bring him into whole roundes and {ingle pathes after this manner. Firfl you fhall pace about a (mall ring vp- on your right hand, notabouefixyardesincompa/fc3 which being plainly marked out that you may dtfcerne it, you fhall then from that ring trotdowneaneeuen path the length of thirty paces,and there marke out an other ring vpon your left hand of the fame compafTe alfo, then you fhall put your Horfe into a flow gallop, and fo gallop to your (irrt ring,whcre when you come, by drawing your hands a little inward, and giuing him the calues of your legges fomewhat harder chpn vfual, you (hall make him raiie both his fore-feete from the ground,& then following them clofely with his hinder legSjbeat the ring round about, as he did in his turnes. Then you fhall gallophim backe againe, and doe the like vpon the left hand3gallopping him thus from ring to ring, in one dired path,till hee haue fet vpon either hand atleaft threeorfoure feuerall turnes , in which you fhall neither findc difficulty nor diforder, if before you bringhim vnto this leffon (as is before prefcribed) you haue him very perfite in his ftrait turnes , 1 raeanc oncly the InumUvc&A the turne Ttrra9Terra. Y Some
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Ip8 Ihefecond^Boolse.
Some of our Horfemen of bcft refpect in this king-
dome, doc fot the manage not io cunouily refpeft the fetting.ofanyturne,but being come to the end of the managing path, onely gallop the ftraite ring about With a iittle more firme loftineffe.,by drawing the bry- dle hand insetting the horfe feele, fee or heare the rod of the contrary fide, the man carrying his bodie vp- right,&attheclofeofthe ring with his contrary fpur to giue him a good ftroake or lobbe to bring him with fpirit againe into the managing path.This lcffon of all other is to be done with great alacritie and chearcful- nes both of the man and horfe. Now for obferuations in managing, you are to cb-
ferue all thofe rules which you did obferue in your ftraite turnes3you are like wife to obferue in his gallop- ping, that hekeepe his path iivftlie and euen, without either (warning of one fkieorother,orcaftingbi's hin- der partes out of the path, as many horfcs naturally will doe,which is a moft vild fault in this leffon aboue allocher,becaufeifhekeepenothis.pathiuft:) hee can; neither be good forfworti nor Launce. If then your horfe haue thisfault,and that the fault proceede fr om nature and folly,you may redrelTeit,ifyou ride him e- Thctcnefituery day, byfomeeuenorftraight wall, hauing your oW>eftiaig,ht j-jng3 at each end ofthcwall,and the wall fo plac'd that yoamay rideby either fide of it. As you trott hima- Iong this wall, if your horfe caft hishinder parts from; the walhyou fhall firft giue him a good iert or two with your rodde vpon his hinder houghes, which are from the wall,and if he take no notice,nor amend therupom you fhall then giue him a good ftroakor two with your cmtmoft fpurre, iuft by his hinder garthCj but by no mcanes
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The feeo®d*BoQ!{€* \$9,
meanes in the flanke,as many of your riders vfetodoe*
for itisboth vncomely and disorderly, and if at theflrft he doe not amend bis fault with this correction, doe not you take any care,but ftili continue your correcti- on, and the riding him by the walljtill he take notice of his vice, and fo reformeit. There is nothing better then the drake wall, as well
for making a horfe keepe one euen and direct pache, as alfo for the keeping of his bodie vp ftraight,& making hifpace comely; it makes him bolde in fcruice,& wil- ling to ioyne body to body with his enemie,it fortefies ahorfe exceedingly in his boundings & hie fairs aboue ground ; making a horfe doe them full and ftrongly without either reeling or fwarning : which faults are oftingendered in the open tie-id : To conclude,there is nothing that giues a horfe greater delight or corage in his doings >then the forti fication of the ftraight wall.lt alfokeepes a horfe from turning his rumpe before his foreparts, as many horfes naturally will doe, which is bothincertaine and vnfeemely, and makes him keepe his hinder parts rTrme to the ground whether he will or no. But proceeding to our former purpofej if this fault of going vneuen or ilfauouredly in a ftraight pathe, doc not proceede from nature or foUie, but rather out of other euillcufbmcs,as either hailing beene former- ly beaten or buffeted, by vfe of Tilting, or elfc affrigh- ted by too fodaineanvfe of the fword,or fuch like mif- chiefesrin any of thefe cafes,the wall will doe no good5 becaufe thefe accidents euer happefirft at the walhyou mull therefore then when you finde this fault fpring from thefe grounds,caufe a managing furrow offome twentieyardes longtobedig'dtwofoote deepe into V 2 the
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oo ThefecondcBoo%e.
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The figure to he cut in the Earth.
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The fecond ^Booke, 201
the ground, and to be two foote and a halfe broade in
the bottome, hauing at either end likewife two ringes digged alfo of like depth and wideneffe, and being in compaiTe each ring aboutcighteen or twenty yardes: the proportion of which Ringes are contained in this figureafbregoing. Inthefe deepeRinges, and this deepe farrow, you
(hallcxcrcife your Horfe firft vpon pace, then vpon trot, and laftly vpon gallop, changing your handesas you ftiall either finde him aptorvnaptjtillh.ee be both fo perfite and fo well fortified, that hee will goe at an inch without either fwaruing his body or any other tnembcr,which be aflurcd in Ieffe then a weekes fpacc you may moftcafily bringto pafie,fo that afterwardes he will in thepiaineftfieldkeepebispathasiuftlyasin this deepc furrow. An olde drie ditch is alio for this fault as good as this dig'd furrow, and where you can finde fuch a one, you may there faue this labour. Next you are to obfcrue,that when your Horfe hath
fet the turnc about2and is come eueo to the clofing vp of the circle,and (o to depart downe theftraite furrow againe3that euen in his departure from the circle, you giuehim the eeuen ftfoakc of both your fpurres toge- ther with a firmehardneffe , that you may make your Horfe depart away with a liuely and good courage, which is an excellent grace in a manage 5 and if you do it fo violently,tbat you make him raife all his foure- feete from the ground,and as it were at the Iaft clofing of the ring, euen to bound it away is much more beau- tifull, which the eeuen ftroake of your fpurres will bringhicqvnto in leffe them two mornings. Laftly?youfhallobferuc,thatifyourhorfebeoncof
V 5 thofq |
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thofchorfes which our Englifti Horfe-men call hot-
mouth'd Horfes, that is, which will for a time, and whileft they are wellpleafcd doe any thing with obe- dienceand order: But if once they be moued to anger,. or to labour more then is agreeable with their owns vvilleSjthey will prefently fall to flat running away ..not that they take delight in running away, for the labour is worfe then their other exercife 5 but that they ima- gine by running away,to runne from thair paine. When this fault you finde, you ihal then makeyour
managing courfe in fome faire hie- way3 neare to fomc deep© new plowed landes, and if after you haue giuen him halfe a dozen turnes vpon each hand, and done as much as you can with good order tovexe him, if then he fall to runne away3you (hallimmediatly thruft him- vponthenewplow'dlands ; and there thrcatning him with your voyce, and correcting him both with your rodde and fpurres,neucr leaue him till you haue made him vpon thofe deepe landes,both gallop large ringes and ftraite ringes too and froe, in fuch a confu.fed man. ner, that hee may apprehend the true order of no one certaine Ieiran,but euen toile and turne vp and downe atyourownepleafure, tillyoufeele either his breath or ftrength weaken by your labour, then bring him to the hie-way againe , and hauing walkt him vp and downe in the Managing furrowe and ringes, till hee hauerecouered breath, then fall to manage him again asatthefirfL This corre&ion if youvfebuttwice3I am verily perfwaded it will neuer need the third time. And thus much for Manages,and the kindes thcrof* |
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CHAP. I9l
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^bsfecond^BoQ^e,
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20?
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CHAP. tg.
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Of the f&ffing of A fwift Cartere.
THis word Carkre is by many ignorant Men and
fome Schollers taken for leaping , bounding, andfaukes aboue ground ; for 1 fawe in a late trSnflated Author, where f peaking oftbofe lofty ayres, heecalIesthemC4wr#?gHorfes; an Epithiton raoft vnpropper : ForindeedeCViy/wisbutonelytorHnne fwiftly j and to pafTe a Cariere^ is but torunnc with ftrength and courage fuchacomienieut Courfe as is meete for his ability '-, which euery Horfe-man muft meafure according as heefindes thefpiritandfhape ©fhis Horfe : The hcauy and vnweldie Horfe hauing the fhortet Courfe , and the light fpirited and fine fhap't Horfe the longer : Yet foras much as thereis a mediocritie and indifference amongftthe moftparrs I thinke , a»d it is alfo confirmed by many geod Horfe-menj thatfoure-fcore andtenne paces is ave- ry conuenient Cariere^ neither beingtoolongforthc flawe Horfe,nortoo(hortforthe fwift. Wherefore whenyourHorfe is moft perfite in all the leffons be- fore fpecified}( and not before) you fttall then make himpafle aCVr/m? in this manner i being corndinto fome large and euen hie-way without cither ruttes or gaules to occafion ftumbling,after you hatie pac'd him three or foure times on your right hand, abouta little narrow ring j you fhallthen trot him ftraight forward (as neare as you can gefle) at leaft foure-fcore and V 4 jcen
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204- Ihefecond cBoo{e.
ten paces, and there walke him three or foure times a-
bout a narrow ring on your left hand, and then fetting his head directly downe the way you came, make him {land ftill a pretty fpace,fetling your felfe euen & firme in yourfaddle, eafig your hand, and cherifhing your. horfe,which done,yeilding your body a little forward and ierting your leggs forward with all your ftrength, flifly vpon your ftirrop-leathersj and crying with your voice hey or hoe, ftart your horfe fuddainly,into a fwift gallop, and then giuing him the eeuenftroake of your fpurres twice or thrice together, make him runne with all the ftrength and fury hce hath, till he come to the verge of your firft ring,& there,by drawing both your handes hard into the pomell of your faddle, andlaying: the calues of your legs clofe to his lides,make him flop clofe vpon his buttocks, and aduance with all twice or thrice together,and then ftand ftill a good fpace,whilnY you chcrifh the horfe and eafc your hand,which done, you may then walke him about a narrow ring againe on your righthand, till hee haue recouered breath and ftrcngth,and fo trot him home to the Stable. Nowthatyour Horfe may at the ftoppe couch his
hinder legges the better, and fo make it more clofe an-dbeautifull, it fhall be good that youchufefucha peece of ground topalTetheCarierevpon, as may at the laft end where your Horfe fhall ftop, bee fomc what defcending downe the hill, yet ib, that it may bee gra- ndly and firme ground, on which your Horfe may valiantly truft his feete ; and not flippery or grafie ground, which once fayling a horfe, will make him euer after, out of his diftruft bothhaue worfc will, and; iiop With much leffe beauty. Ate
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The fecend^oo^e. 20?
After you haue paft your Horfe aCariere or two,and
findetbatheewilldoeit ftrongly, fwiftly, and obedi- ently ,you fhall then not paffe him a Carter-e aboue once in two or three monthes; efpecially after he comes to weare a bitt; for nothing poth diftempcr a Horfes mouth fo much as palling many Orww. And thus much for this leffon. |
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CHAP. 20.
When wd how to but H&r/es, and to wake
hishead conftant. AFter your Horfe hath beene thus farre trained
vp, and taught perfidy in all thefe former IcC- fons, onely with the Trench, Martingale, and Mufroll, and that you finde hee doth euery leffon with a comely grace, good courege, greatHghtnefTe, and fetled conftancy, you (ball then take away his Trench, and in ftcad thereof put into his mouth a plaine Imooth Cannon bitt, fomewhat formerly worne, of the proportion and fhapc of the firft figure of Can- nons formerly defcribed, and this bitt you fhall at the firft putting on anoynt with hony and fait > the Kurbc thereofniuft bee round, fmooth 9 long, and very full, by any meanes not preffing, but onely lying gently vpon the neather lippe. The cheeke of this firft bittmuft bee ftraight, according to the firft figure of Gheekes, and the length according to the proportion of the Horfe, as thus for example. : When you? horfe ftandeth in his beft glory xaa4 reyneth moft comely, an4i
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20 6 TheJccond*Bdo\e.
and eIofeft,asyou may make him doe if you ftand by
him, and holde either apeece of bread, or a perfumed gloue to his nofe; or if you make a ftrange horfeftand before him, as it were to ouer- face him. Take then -yourryding rodde, and meafure him from hisneather tufli to the vpper part of the fore point of his fhoulder, and iuftfo long mufhhecheeke ofyourbittbee from the eye oft he but, to the neathermoft partthereof. "Now when youhaue put this bict into yourhorfes
mouth, and placed it in hts due place, which is euer a- bouethcneathertufbjfoasitmaytoiich, but not reft vpon the tufla, you fhail then rake the laft Cauezan for- merly fhewed, which cenfifts all of one pecce, not ha- uingfharpe teethsbut blunt tceth.as appeares by the fi- gure,and withiongreynesofgood round rope, being both fofr,& but balfetwaund, putit vpon yourhorfes bead, placing it iuftvnderneath the nofeband of your brydle, which is fo much lower then your Mufroll lay by the iuft breadth of your nofe band; infomuch that the Cauezan fhail reft vpon the griftle of the horfes nofe, which is the tendereft part of the horfes face. Now for as much as the weight of the yron, when you eafe the reynes of the Cauezan will fall down, and per- aduentnrefiip oner the horfes nofe, you fhail vnder- itandthataH your Cauezans mufl haue their out fides couercd with leather ftrong and good, fo thatthe yron may not be feene ; then through thisleathcr you jfhall put a ftring, with which firing you fhail tye the Caue- zah vp to the nofe-band of the bridle,and the nofeband in any wife at the firft you fhail buckle clofe and ftraite about the horfes chaps,leaft at the firft wearing of a bit, which is a mouth more full and large then the Trench* |
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clhejecond <Bw%e. zoy
he take vnto him thcfouleviceof gaping. When your
horfe is thus trimmed, after he haue ftood a while vp- onthebittintheftable, and felt the Kurbe and other implements, you fhall then bring him to the blocke, and take his backe. As touching the carrfage of the reynes of your bitt, I haue formerly Chewed you: and for thereynes of your Cauezan you fhall carry them in allpointes as before I taught you to carry the falfc reynes of the flying Trench, which is, the left reyneia your left hand, and vnderyour left thumbs, and your right reyne in your right hand, of an euen length with- the other. After you are well fetled,and euery thing a- bout your horfe orderly difpofed, you fhall then thrufi forward your horfe, and trott him faire and foftly into fome large fandy hie-way , bearing his head onely vponthcCauezan, and letting him butfeelethebitt and no more, no fooner drawing it with the leaft mo- tion,but inftantly eafing it againe. You fhall the firfi day neither put him to large Ring , nor any other leffon 3 but onely trott him ftraight forward, and make him ftoppe and retyre, vling the helpe of the bite little nothing at all. After you haue thus ridden him the firfi day , you fhall the next day likewife alfo ride him ftraight forth-right ^ and onely ftoppe and retyrealfo, yet thatday you fWl'carry an indifferent hand, which is to fay, you fhall beare him as much vp- on the Cannon as vpon the Cauezan, as thus : When youdrawe vp the reynes ofyour bitt, you fhall let loofe the reynes of you Cauezan, and when you draw downe the reynes of your Cauezan, you fhall eafe the reynes of your bitt, and with thefe cquall and indiffo- rentiiiotions s you fhall exerdfehimihefecond day, , kinging;;
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2o8 The fecondcB-oobf.
■bringing him to a little more familiarity and acquain"
tance with the bitt,yet eucr preferuing his mouth in aU fweetneffe poflible : When you haue done thus two dayes together,you fhall then the third day puthim to the fame exercife and no other, onely you fhali beare his head,for the moft part vpon the Cannon, and little or nothing at all vpon the Cauezan > except in time of neccffity,as tohelpehimin turning,orto giuefweet-, nes to his moutb,leaft in refting his head too much vp- on the bitt, his mouth fhould loofe fome part of it's tenderneffe : By thefe three dayes exercifes, thehorfe will growe both to vnderftand the bitt, and to take knowledge as well of the helpes, as of the corre&ions, hee will tinde pleafure in the Kurbe,and a conftant reft in his mouth whereon to fettle and firme his head. Now for the Cauczan, this is the helpc that it bring-
eth j it is in correction and vfe offoneare an alliance with the Mufroll andMartmgall, binding and loofing in the fclfe fort that they doe, fo that the horfe imagi- ning bee is within his former olde bandes, he dare nei- ther toffe vp his head, nor duck it downe3but beares it in the fame conftant manner which formerly hee did, till being acquainted with the bitt,andfindingtheeafc and ftaiedneffe therof,he will not then vfe any of thofe vildequalityes, albe hee haue neuer fo great liberty. Againe the Cauezan is as ready ahelpe in euery turne as the Trench, and puts into the Horfes vndcrftanding thevfeofthe Kurbe , which way it bindeth when it moues a Horfe to turne vpon the right hand,when vp- on the left, and the reyr.es thereof,you (hall vfe as you vfed the reyaes of your Trench, as thus : When you turne vpon your right hand, you (hall drawe the left <s reyne |
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i bejecond %Boo\e. 209
reyne ofyour Cauezan firme,and lay it clofeto the left
fide of his necke, to keepe his head and nccke ftraight, and the right reyne you ("hall drawe a little more then ordinary,giumg him as it were a warning of his turne, andfo immediately eale itagaine. After thefe three dayes cxercifes,you fhall then put
your horfe to the large Ringes in the felfe fame manner as you didat his firft breaking; as firft pacing,then trot- ting,and laftly gallopping, yet fo that he be perfit in e- uery one cfthem feuerally,before he proceed to other, and not trot before he can pace readily, nor gallop till he can trot moft perfectly. From two ringes you fhall put him to three, from three to fonrc, and frofoure to One large ring,contain ing two f mailer rings within it, all which are in their figures formerly defcribed; & in allthefcringes as you labouryourhorfe,you fhall euer by little vfe your Cauezan leffe and leffe, and your bite more and more, till you haue wrought in your Horfe this contrariety, th at as at the firft the Canezan was of moft vfe,and the bite but either a cipher or a very fmall helpe, io yeumuftnow bring; your bitt to beonely of vfe, and the Can ezaa to lye vpon thehorfes face to lit- tle or no purpofe , by degrees, long labouring, and gentle motions,bringing your Horfe to fuch a perfect knowledge and delight in the bitt , that when at any time you turns or change fromhand to hand in your ringes,you fhall ifyouturnevpon your right hand, no more but turne the thumbe of vour bridle hand which ftandes vpright, but a little do wnewards, toward the right fhoulder of the horfe, and when you turne vpon yourlefthand , you fhall but turne your bridle hand ^little backwardes towards the left fhoulder of ths horfe,
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230 The fecondTZooke.
horfc,thc knowledge of which two motions jthe horfe
willfuddainlylearne, if at firft teaching you euer ac- company with them the vie of the Cauezan in the very iriftant that you mooueyour handes : you fhali alfo make your horfe foperfitvpon the ftop, that if he be in the fulnes of his Cariere, you fhall not by any meanes drawe your bridle hand aboue the height ofyour Sad- dle pommel, nor when you make him retyre,you fhall not draw your hand higher thenhalfc fofarreasat the ftop, for the bitt being an Engine of the greateff com- ~maundment,whichraifeth vp a horfes head and body,9 both in pace and other motion , with more eafe then any other inftrumejnt ; if therefore your ftraininges, fhouldbeashardvpon it, as vpon the Trench (which hath no violence more then what it takes from your hand) you could notchufc butdiforder, or elfetake from the horfes mouth the beft fence and feeling: therefore in any cafe lee your (trainings vpon the b^C be tender and temperate, yet notfo very fofr, but that both you and the Horfe may haue a full conftant fee- ling of one another. Now for obferuattons and notes in this firft bitting
of a Horfe, there bee many, as firft when you haue put the bitt on , to looke within the mouth ofyour Horfe, and fee whether your bitt lye in his due place, then that the mouth of the bitt be neither toobigge nor too little for the Horfes mouth, but of aiuftproportion and fulneffe, for to bee toobigge makes a Horfe gape, hurts his vpper barres,and dulles his mouth, and to be too little makes a horfe draw his tongue oner the bitt, thruftitoucofhismouths either of one fide or other j andlaftly (giuinghim noperfite feeling)
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The /ecGnd TSookc. 231
*eeling) takes from him allperfutenderneiTe. For
them and other faultes whatfoeuer, you may flnde remedies and alteration of mouches in the former Chapter treating of Bitts: You (hall alio obferue that the Kurbe lye vpon the neather iippe, inhis due place, yet foloofe a nd without preffing,thatalbe your Horfc keepe his teeth faft together, yet he may play with his neather lip vpon theKurbc, whichis a greatfigne of a fweet and tender mouth. Next thefe,youfhall obferue the fhape of your horfe*
and if you flnde bee haue fuch along, large, Swan like neckjthatnotwichftandingtheftraightnesof your bite eheeke, which is onely to put vp his head,he yet bring- eth it fomewhat rounder then you would haue him, and fo loofeth fome part of the beauty of his reyne,you fhall then ride him withthebrokencheeke according to the fecond figure of Cheekes, where the neather partes are broke more outward then the vpper, and if one breach bee not diffident you may vfe two, if two faile, three doubtles will worke your pleafure, and put vp his neckefohye as nature will ghie it leaue, but if contrary to this (hape5a horfe haue a fhort neck, and a narrow chaule,fo that your ftraight cheeke puts vp his head hie enough,but yet it bringeth not in his mpzell, nor boweth his necke to any proportion 5 In this cafe you ihall ride him with the broken cbeeke, but the breach dial be made inward as the other was outward, and if one breach be not fufficient ,you fhai make two, or elfe three, till you haue brought his head to the place you defire : you fhall alfo obferue, that by no meanes at the firft bitting of a horfe you draw your bit rafhly or fuddainly j for that is the fiift occafion which makes
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'in The fecondfcBoo>{e.
makes a horfe tlmift out his nofc^andrebellagainfr the
bitt, but taking leafure,and dra wing the reynes gently, giues him fuch a kno wledge,that he wili yeeld and fol- low.rhebitt : which once vfed,hee will neuer after contend. Now for the Cauezan, you fhal obferue,that if your
Ho; fe be of hardhead,and fhort necke,fo that he pref- fesandhangs vponthis Cauezanofonepeece,which is of all the gentleft, you fhall then in ftead thereof vfe the wrythen Cauezan,confifting of two peeces, which binding (omewhat ftrairer 5 is of io much the more force in pumfhing,and breedcs a quicker obedience. Butifyour Horfe haue beene before time in fome
ignorant horf-mans hand, whofor wautof Arttovfe gentleCauczans, hath fo duld and hardned your Hor- fes head, that neither ofthefe CauezanS will preuaile, nor bring lightnes to your Horfes head, then in fuch extremity you may vfe the other Cauezan, confuting oftwopeeces, with fharpe teeth, or that which is of three pceces,fo you haue this diligent care, that by no meanes you either fridge haire, or take any skin from the horfes face, which is a fault both difgraceful! to the horfe and man: to the Horfe,as taking away the beauty of his countenance, and to the Man in fhewing the hard rudenefle of his hand without cither moderation or temper. The Chaine with teeth, and theCbaine with teeth
and ringes toothed , are both more fharpe then the former Cauezans, and may (where the rider hath fo lady-foft a hand, as nottobruifeorwound)be vfedin cafe of great extremity ,and not otherwife. Now fome that happily looke not into the true
method
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method of my precepts, may taske me of fome oppofi-
tions or contrarieties in my writings., becatife jn the fecond Chapter ofthis booke, I there difcommended all thefe fharpe Cauezans,and yet in this Chapter doe (after acercaine fort) allow them 5 but they inuft carry in their memories thefe confiderations, that I difcom- mended themvtterlyasthe firftinttrumeutsoriternes wherewith to gouerne a Colt at his firft backing with- out any other affiftance; snd 1 allow them after a horfc is ready in euery kfion fit for feruicein the warres, for the making him firme, fteddy^and perfit vpon his bite, or where ignorance and s rude hand hath done hurt, there with Art and cunning to amend thofefaukes with the helpe ofthefe inftruments. Now when you haue vpon the fmooth Cannon,
and Cauezan, made your horfe perfite and ready in all theleflbns which are formerly taught; fothathee will doe them with a good grace, and a free fpirit,you (hall then lay away the Cauezan, and in ftead thereof ride him with a fmooth Cannon, and a flying Trench, ac- cording to theligurein the fourth Chapter, purring to theringesoftheflying Trench a paire of falfe reynes, anfwerable to the perfite reynesof the Bridle, the car- riage of which reynes, are alio (hewed in the fame Chapter, and keeping the proportion of checheeke as before, Vpon this Bitr, and with thefe falfe reynes you fhall
pradife your horfe both in large ringes,ftraite turnes, and all other leffons which are formerly taught in the felfefame manner, as you did with the Cannon and Cauezan, vfing the fame helpes, corrections, and ob- feruations which you did in the vfe of the Trench, X MufroJI,
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2:4 'Ibefe ond Boo>{e
Mufroll,and Martingall, till your horfe be foperfite,
that a curious eye (hall not iudge hee hath any other helpe in his motions then onely your imagination; Which leffe thentwo monthes will fully compicate and perfite. At which time(if your horfe be of full ftrength, ipirk,andnimtlcnevTe) proceedetothe other leflbns, which are Ayres and Saulcs aboue ground: and though not fully fo neceffary as the former for (eruiee in the warres, yet arc they luch, as not without profite may fee pra$iied in thoie places r And for pleafure of Prin- ces, and health of a mans body, are both delightfnli and commodious. |
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CHAP. 21.
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Of bounding aloft ^andthe manner
thereof. WHen you haue made your Horfe perfiteia
all the leflbns before taught : If then yoa flndein him anaturall inclination of lighr- neiTesandafpirit both apt to apprehend and execute any Sault aboue ground, ashauingboth goodlimbes, and a cleane ftrength. The next lcffon you fhall teach him , (hall bee to bound or rile aboue ground with all his toure feete , ecuen and iuft together, carryinghis head in a iuft and due place, without loo* finghisreyne : and gathering his^body round and clofetogether, riling and falling againe in one and the felfe fame place ; which manner of bounding aloft is rktelland eafieft to bee taught atfuch pi»ce |
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The fecond "Boo^. z]1
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as yoa ftoppe your Horfe, as thus for example; When
you haue trotted your Horfc a dozen or twenty yardes forward in a (andy way, you fhall there make him ftoppe and aduaunce at lcaft twife together, obfer- uing eucr that at his fecond aduauncing you giue him the eeucn fkoakeof both your fpurres together, clofe by the hindmoft girth,at which if at firft hee onely buc fhew amazement, or aduaunce higher as notyetvn- derftandingyourmeauing : You rtiall then trott him as farre forward againe, and there ( as you did before at his fecond aduauacement) giue him the eeuen ftroake ofyour fpurres a little harder then you did be- fore, at which if hee rife not, you (hall then not onely fpurre him againe, but alfo giue him a good iert with yourrodde vnder his belly, which putting him into a little more amazement, forth-with trott forward againe, and as you did the fecond time, doe fo now the third time , onely forbeare your rodde as much asispoffible ,becaufe the correction thereoftendes to another purpofe, and this vfeyour fpurres, which fhould onely raife your Horfevpon all foure. When you haue done thus three times together, doe it the fourth,6ft,&fixttime,euerytimeiHcreafingyourcor-
re&ion till he raife all his foure fecte from the ground, which whenfbeuer hee dooth, or howill-fauouredly foeuer hedooth, yet notwithftanding cherifh him cx- cecdingly,and bee afTured that in twife or thrife bouu- dinghee will amend what fault foeuer wasinhisfirft beginning : And furely except hee bee a very jade, and fo not fitte for fuch pratfife, you fhall not giue him this helpe ofyour fpurre twife before hee will bound from the ground vponall foure. X % There
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2 \6 The fecond cBoo%e.
There be f ome Authors that would haue a Horfc to
doe this bound or leape with the helpe of the calues of your legges, and not with the fpurres, faying, that the cakes of the lcgges will make a Horfc rife higher then fpurres,but the reafon is neither good,nor the pra£tife tobeeallowed. For if you make yourhorfe bound with the helpe of your calues of your leggcs, then you make thathelpe vfe leffe for all other purpofes j fo that when your horfe fliould butaduance, hee will bound $ when he Lhould bcate a turne, it will be all in boundes : And to conclude, he mud either haue fpur- galde fides, or elfe with euery IefTon hee muft mixe boundinges, which being both vnfitte, and out of order, youihall onely follow the courfe firft prefcribed. There befome Horfe-men, that when their Horfes
doe bound, would haue them in the fame motion alfo to yerke out their hinder lcgges ; as an Ayn both full of Art and comelinefie. As touching yerkingbehinde, and the way to bring
your horfe vnto it, 1 haue fufficiently written already inthefixteenthChapter: Wherefore3ifin this IefTon alfo you would haue him yerke,you fhall doe no more but in the very height of his bounding, giue him euery time a good ierte with your rodde vnder the belly, to which after hee is any long timeacuftomed, and doth vnderftand your meaning, hee will grow fo perfite, that hee will neuer bound, but hee will yerke withall, albeyou neither giue him helpe nor correction. Now for obferuations in this leflbn , befides the
beauty and comelinefTe of his reyne , there arc but two any thing materiall j the firft is, that if hee rife not fo hye with his hinder partes, as with his forc- parteSj
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0
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7 hefecond 'Booty, i $y
partes, thatyoti accompany with the helpe of your
fpurrcs, a good iert with your f odde vnder the Hor fes belly, as neare the flanke as you can ftrikc it. The fecond is, that if in his bounding hee doe not
kcepe his ground but preffc forward as if hee ftrouc ho wfarre hee could lcape, and not how hye he could leape, that in fuch a cafe, Iooke how much ground he geftesirihis leape, that Co much you make hfm retyre backe ; and being cometo his firftplace,, there make him bound againe. Now for the vfe of this leflbn, it is thus : If whea
you ride your Korfe before any great aflfembly, vpon ehe finifhing vpp of eucry lefTon | whether it bee Rrnl^ rurne, Mnnagey Strait-turnes of alt fortes, or what left fonfoeuer; vpon cucricftoppc and conclusion, (as the Iaft ofalllabour) you make your Horfe bound and ycrke out withall, it is rnofr comely ; if you fhallfee the turneTVrr^T^rr^, altogether vpon boundes and yerkings outbehinde, (as I hauefeene diuersHorfes doe) efpecially a red Roan'd horfe of the Earle of Softth-hamptons-3 it not oncly fhowes in the Horfe a good courage, cleane ftrength, and a ftrong chine, butintheHorfe-man arcadie hand, a quicke legge and a moft pcrfite featc : And thus much for boon- ding aloft or leaping. |
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CHAP. 22 <r
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J» 8
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258 T-h e fecond B w%e.
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Chap. 22.
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Ojr,rhe Cornet, Caprioli,gallop Gall/ardt4nd
going(ide long. His /lyre or Sault which wee call Comet, aibe is
be deriued from theSpatiifh, word Cerm , which i* the hinder heele of aHorfe, yet weehauethc beft Presidents for the doing thereof,,from theaunci- cnt 7/tf/wTMjthe-motion is akin.de of dancing which the horfe i£ m.ade,ro vie by taking his fore-legges a good height from the ground, and his hinder legs not halfe fo much,prauncing vp and downe all in one place^and in the fierce; nes of -his countenance 2nd carriage of his body(eetping as though he would runne and yet is re- ftraintd. The labour thereof5albs he take hft foie-fcet vp -h,ighcr,coi3iifteth moll in his hinder partes,becaufe hsmuft couch and bowe them moienimjlie,andalfo projjefhem,d#wn.e the harder. The manner to bring Li-naypto i- is thus* Hauing trosted hi,m f>rth right in Tome fancy hie- wayyat lealfa.doz.en paces ■, iiopp him, and yv.ith thehclpe of the calues of your leggcs, make him there aduance three or foure times together, all in one place 5 then not him as far further,and there make him adnance at leaft a dozen times,continuing thus to makehimaduaunce at the end ofeucry dozen paces, fcmetirnes fix times, fometi'mes eight time-*, fome- times nvore,till itvthe endyou teele him lift vp his hin- der partes •, which if he doe he .ui!y or flowly,you IhaH then with your.rod icrchim vader the. belly, yet fo ten- derly, |
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7 kefecon d cBook<e. 239
derly, that the noife thereof may more moue fpirk in
him,then the fmart,by meanes whereof he wiliaftant- ly take both his hinder feet from the ground, and as he aduancethbefore, fo he wil alfo moue his hinder parts andkeepeaprauncing with both partes indifferently. Nowifyoufinde that inhisdooingof thcCoruett
heeftand too vpright vpon his loynes, and doe not bowe as heeought, you fhall then teach him the Cor- uetvpontheknowleoffomcHill, his head being tur- ned downe the defcent. Now whereas the Italians (from the imitation of
the Spaniards) doe in the Coruet vie to ride fhorter then in any other leffon, and ca that purpofe'ruue fee downecertaineprecepts, I for mine owne part doe not like fuch rules, neither would haue any man alter his Stirrops from their true place: For what leffon fo- eucr will not be done with the helpe of the legg in his beft carriage,is either a leffon vnfit to be taught^or elfe doth carry in it the vie of fome barbarous correction. After your horfe is perfit in his Coruet, the nexiayre
you fhall teach him is that fault which Grifon and the other itManscall Caprutt, and wee heere in England th e Goates leape. It differcth from the Coruet a great dcale more in morion then in teaching, for whereas the Coruer is an ayreonely to be done as it were in one place, and the hinder feete not to rife any thing neare fo hie as the fore-feete, theCaprit>//(ontrarily is tv.ayre altogether to be done forward, and the hinder partes euerto rife in cquall height with the fore-partes, the manner ro teach your ho< (e todoe it is in tfaisforr;you fhall ride him vpon fc me fandy or grauclly earth, and there flopping him, you fhall make him aduauncc |
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240 Thefecmid IZoofy.
twice or thrice together jthea-.you fhall trot him not a-
boue a ftep or two at the moft, and there make him ad- uaunce twice more ; then another ftep or two and ad- uaunce againe. And thus adtiaiincing at the end of euerictwo ftcps for the fpaceofthirtie or forcie paces going j you fhall bring him to fiich a cuftome, and lightnesin hisaduauncings,thatin the end inftead of the two fteppes,hee will with the helpe of the ealue of your fegg-,raife vpchis ru'mpe and hinder partes,and fo paffe from ftop to ftop in aduauncings before,and per- fuites behinde of one equalheight and order,in which ifyoufinde hee any thing at all fticketh, and doth not raife his hinder partes fo hie as youwouldhauchimj you fhall then turne your rodde in your hand with the point backward, iuft oucr the middeftoftheHorfes rumpe, and your hand clofeagainft your right fide, then when hee aduanceth; in his paffage forward you fhall fhake your roddeoucr his rumpe . and now and then jert him vpon the fame , making him thereby to gather vp his loynes from the earth, and to paffe with better comclineffe, But if either out of his heauy eom'pofition, or ftubbornnevTe of bis nature, this gen- tle correction doc not auaile j you fhall then ride your Horfe into fome narrow hollowehie way, where hee cannot me our of either fide, or into fome olde drie ditch, and thereas you pra&ife him in the fame leflbn,. you fhall caufe a ftander by to come behinde you with alonginftrument of yroninhishand, bowdc atone end, and hauing therein like a great extraordinary rowc'U-ofa Spurre; which inftrument is called a Peerch and Is made after the fafhion of this figure following in, the next Page, |
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Ill
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Tbejeco nd TSooke.
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24.1
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With this Peenbtheftander by
ftiall itrike your Horfe vpon the rumpe, and make him raifevp his hinder partes , whilft your felfe fhail onely but helpe him with thecaluesofyourlegges, and the forward ierte with your ftirrop- leathers : And thus dooing but two or three morninges together, you fnallncuer after neede any o- ther helpe, more then your rodde turned backward, orthe found of |
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your voice crying Bey, Hey ^ or
Hoe, Hoe. The next leffon to this, is the The Gal-
galloppe Gdiard , which Grtjon lop-GaUiard. |
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detnotiftrateth to bee done vpon
the gallop,as thus : Putting him into a luftie ftrong gallope to caufehimat the end ofcuerytwo pacesofthe gallop to bound aloft, and yerkc out his hinder legges withall , and fo to doe for the [pace of twentie paces or more, according to the ftrength of the Horfe, and this, from die deriva- tion of the worde Gallopgalli- ard is very probable j yet with vs jMs leflon is not of fuch vfej but wee rather doe it in the Coruet or Caprioll, as thus : After your Horfe hath beaten the Coruet three times together, then
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244- ^Thefecondtioo^e.
thengitunghimtheeuenftrokcof both your fpurres,
and a good icrte with your radde to make him bound aloft, andyarkeout withall, and fo doe for a dozen bounds together, orfo many as his ftrength may con- tieniently endure : and fo likewife in the Capriole after hee haue made three leapes , then to giuc him both your fpurres together, and the iert with your roddc, and fo make him bound and yarkc withall, doubling thcfc leapes and boundcs according to his ftrength. Thefelefions are all very forcible, and beatahorfes
limbes exceedingly,wherefore you are to vfe them very fildome, and to reach them to none but inch hades as are both couragious,a<Sriue, andftrong, to whom na- ture hath been fo good a miftrefTe, that your art fhall not creatc,butkcep in excrcife what he brought, euen from the wombe of hisdamme. The next and laft ltffon you fhall teach your horfe,
is to goe fidelong, both with his fore parts and hinder parts in equall ^motions, as far as you will, and as little a way as you will: and though I place it heerc the laftamongltthofe lofty ayres and hieJauttsi yetitisas neceflarie as any other leffon whatfocuer, being both of great vfe in the wars, and of much delight in the place of pleafure; yetfliouid it be taught before other lellons be perfitted, it is of thai nature, that it would breeddiforder : wherefore to bring your horfe vnto ir,you dial thusdoe: as you ride him vpon fomc plaine peeceofground, if you would haue h'im togoc flde- longtoyour right hand, you fhall turne your bridle hand a little oucr to his right fhoulder, and lay your left legge dole to his fide, fo that he may notonelie |
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TkefeconcnSooke. 24^
feelcyourlegge but your fpur alfo, yet in fuchfort
that your fpur doe not pncke him, and if at the firft hce Will not remooue his lcgges, you fhall continue ftill toholdeyourlcggc clolc, and let him fcelethe fpur more and more ; if then hee remooue contrarie to your minde, that is, rather totheleft handthentothe right, you fhall nor refpeft it but ftili keep your legge clofe, andincreafe your correction till in the end he begin to remoue his legges right .-which as fooneas cuer you perceiue,immediatly take away your leg,che- rifhhim,and makehim a while ftand ftill. After a little paufc ,doe as you did before, exercifing
him therein, til with the leaft motion of your fingle leg hewillgoefideiong as far as you willhaue'him:this done, you fhall make him doe as much to his left fide, by turning your bridle hand a little backward, and lay- ing your right legge clofe to • the horfes fide. When yourhorfc will thus goe Gdelong of which fide you will,you fhall thenl>y oft pra&ifing him therein, make Kim goe fide long fofaft,as if he did euen trot, which is both gracefull and profitable} but if in this lcfTbnyou findehis foreparts (becaufe they are much the nimbler) togoekfterfidelongtbenhis hinder parts5 fo that he draweshkhinder parts after him, in this cafe you fhal turne the point of your roddc downeward, crofle oucrthwart his houghes beneath histbighes,andlayit clolc vnto them^and if at the feeling thereof he doe not prefentlie amend his fault, you (hall then giue him a good iert or tvvo orethwart his houghes, and that will make him bring on his hinder parts roundlie. |
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When
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71m
244. Thefecond'Boo^e.
When thus your Horfe will perfectly goe fide-long
off which hand you pleafe, you may then by the helpe of your contrarie legge, and alitde more firme carry- ing of your bridle hand, make your Horfe both Cor- uet and pafle theCapriollfide long to which handyou pleafe, which is a fault much vfed amongft the Ai/ww, yetfor mine ownepart I would haue it praclifed but feldome,becaufe in my conceite the beft grace that thofe Ayres carry, is when they are done ftraight for- ward, for then they fho w their beft fhapes,and the tru- eft Art in the Hprfc-man, approuing that his legges keepe one eeuentime in their motions, and giue one equall fence in their touchinges 5 where ihould he doe rudely, that is,ftrike one legge harder then another,or mooue one legge fafter then another, why thefe difor- dcrs are the mcanes which will make a Horfe doe thefc Ayres fide-long as well as the vfc of the beft Art. Nowto conclude : In thefe lcffons, and all other,
you arc diligently to obferue true time and meafure in your dooings , neither fhowing furie or amaze- ment in too much hafte, nor wantotArtoragilitiein too much floath or dulnes, but holding as your chiefe lewcli this golden treafurc, excellent Meiiocritie, And thus much for thefe lefTons of Plcafurc.
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Cha?. 23*
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22 S
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Of running at the Ringed the vfe of the
Launce. |
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WHenyour Horfe is compleatly perfitted, in
all the former leflbns of feruice and pleafurc, and that by labor and Arte you haue brought yourworketoa wifhedend, itthenremaines that you make vfe of the benefit of your former labours; either if you Hue in the land of peace byimploying yourherfe for the exercife of your body, and fometimes for your benefit in trauaile as occafion fhall be miniftred, or if you Hue in the place of action j by putting him to fer- uice,and theencounter ofyour encmies.Yet by the way I rauft giue you this one note more, which is,you muft vnderftand that the Canon bittes formerly defcribed, being mouthes offuch exceeding fmoothnes and ful- nefl'e, if you fhall either trauell your horfe thereupon in iong iournets,or vfe them in the trouble & turmoile of the war res., where the ouerpkis of exercife brin gs a horfe to a certaine f.mnneffe and wearinefle; In any of thefe cafes the horfe being compeld to reft much vpon thefefullfmooth mouthes^ will in the end growboth dull, infenfible, and hard of mouth, wherefore as foonc as you haue perfitted your horfe in all his leflbns and brought his head and reyne to a fetled conftancie, you fhall then according as you finde the temper of the horfes mouth, bytte him with either Scatch, Mellon, tMre)Campaiteil},ox-{ome other mouth formerly de- fcribed |
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2 4- 6 clbefecond cBjoixe,
feribcd vntoyou,fafhioningthe cheeke thereof accor-
ding to the third figure of checkes formerly defct ibed, onely the length thereof muft be according to the pro- portion of the horfes necke, for if the horfc hauc a long vpright necke, and his head reft comely vpon the fame, then the cheeke would bee two inches fhortofthehigheft part of his brcft, but if his necke be ihort and vpright, oriong and round bending alittle downward, then the neather part of your bite cheeke muft come full to the vpper part of his breft, but no lower. Your horfe being thus bitted and well fetlcd vpon
this bitr, if you haue a delight in the exercife of armes, andthevfe oftheLaunce, it {"hall be good for you to pra&ifetwiceorthriccaweeketarunatthe ring, that is,to fet afraal ringof yron about eight inches in com- pafle3tthemoft, cither vpon the top of a tilt bar, or vponaftaflfe fixe foot from the ground, clofe by the midft of the furrow, where you paffe your Carters, and then ftandingwith your horfc and your Launce in your hand,45. paces or more from the Ring, triehowneere you can goe to runne your ftaflc thorow theRingas your horfe pafleth his Cariere. Now for as much as in this leflbn, there be many
nice and curious obleruations, and alio great arte both in the gouernmentof your horfe and of your hand, and for as much as this leflbn being truely and artifici- ally learned, containeth all other leflons whatfouer wherein the Launce is imployed, I will ( accordingto mine own experience & infl ru&ion j fhew the manner therof,wherein if either I faile in arte or garbc, 1 hum- bly fubtnit to the correction of thofe of better iudge- ment,
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2 27
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The Jecond^Booke. 24.7
ment,hopingthat alhe I-fhwwe not all thinges in their
beft perfection, yet I will fhow nothing which (hall carry in it any grofTe abfurdiitie. Now therefore if you $vill pa&ife to runnc at the
Ring, after you haue plac'd your ring in his due place, (which fhoulrS euerbeeinthemiddeftofyourCViiTi?) your Horfe then being brought to the field, to the end of the Carkre. As foone as you come vnto him, you {hall ere you mount, looke that your Bridle and Bitt bee in there due places, that your Saddle bee faft girt, and your Crooner buckled at his iuft length; then taking the reynes of your Bridle into your left hand , holding them as hath beene formerly taught you : You (hall then mount vpon his backe , and then placingyourfelfeiuft,eeuen,and vpright in your Saddle, with your feete firme vpon your Stirrops and your toes bending rather inward then-outward, Some by-ftander ftiall then deliuer into your right hand a Launce , which you fhall receiue by no part but that 3. which is purpofsly made for your hand- As foone as you haue receiued the Launce, you fhall place the butt end thereof vpon the msdft of your right thigh,bearing the point thereof ftraight and vp* right, fo astheout-iide of your Launce may anfw-e re the OHt-fidc of your right e e,onely.thepointthereof muft a little thought lea.ne forward. Bei«g thus feared in your Saddle,and your Launccthus truely plac'd-ycu ^all then put foorth your Horie, and pace him to the end of the Carter e where you intend to ft art, and these make him ftand ftill, andpauic a good ipace,dur g which r&f>,y ou ihai conseiuc in your minde fourelines wfeieh
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i z 8 "Thefecond Booty.
which you ihall imagine to pafie from your Launce to
thering.Thefirft an euen ftraightline from the neither end of your Launce or mid thigh,which anfwering the height ofyour horfe,paires in one euenes to the ringj& ferues for a demonftration of the ftreightnes of the fur- row wherein you runne, or the euennelte of the tiltbarre, in which furrow or barrefhould there bea- ny crookednesj there could not chufe but in the run- ning be diforder. Thefecondlineyouareto conceiue is from your right eye or thicke part of your Launce, to the very center of the ring, from which your eye in running muft not fwarue. The third line is a dire£t line downward from the point of your Launce to trie cen~ teroftheRing, and your fourrh line is from rhepoint of your Launce alfo to the center ofy our ring, but it is deuided into three parts: the firft third part ( which is at the ftarte of the C4r/>r*)being a if raigh t euen line ,the length whereof you muft cary your Launce in an euen line without bending, being from the taking your Launce from your thigh to the vttermoft putting out of your hand}& it muftcontain a third part of your half Cartere: the fecond third part is a line bending inward, & is from the putting our of your hand to the bringing of your hand to your reft,and it containeth a fecod third part of your half Caner-.thc laft third part of this fourth line is a little more defcending then the fecond, and is from the bringing of your Launce to the reft, to the very touching or taking of the Ring.The proportion & fartiion of which lines for your better fatisfadlion, you fhall behold in this figure following in the next page. |
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After
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7 hefecond ^Bool^e. *4-9
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After you haue taken thefe lines into your conside-
ration, and from thelcucll ©fyour eye,taken the dirCa line from your eye to the Ring, you (hall thenftart your Horfe into hisC4rie»?,yetby no meanes luddain- ly,or with any fury, but firft putting him forward a ftep or two gently, then thruft him foorth into his tmtre,
y and
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250 The fecond 12ooke
and as ioone as he is ftarted,you thai take your Launcc
from your thigh , and putting youT arrne outward, bringyourhanddowne as low almoft asyourmidde thigh, your arme being ftretchtouttothevttcrmoft length} and held outward from y our body, the point ofyourLauncebcingftill kept in an eeuen Knc : this being your flfft motion muft continue doing, the firffc. third partof your courfe. Then muft you turnc your handfrofn your wrift forward leafurely inward 5 and holding your elbowc outward, bring in that, part of your armefrom the elbow to the hand, clofe toyouc breft where your Reft fhouldftand, and as you bring in your arme, fo you fhall defcend the point of your Launce a fecond third part nearer to your Ring, and this being your fecond motion, muft continue doing the fecond third part of your courfe. Then your Launce being brought to your Reft, you fhall bylifv ting vp , and keeping open your elbowc from your body, and by putting downe your thumbe and fore- part of your hand defcend the point ofyour Launce foftly downe till it fall as it were into the ring: which being your third motion muft continuc-4oxJing the laft third part ofyour courfe : And thus hauing uken the Ring, you fhall runneyour Hotfe to the end of the Car'tere^ raiting your ftafl'e againe to his iormer placCjWith the fame three motions, that is, the Fir ft taking your ftaffe from your Reft, the Second to bring your hand to your thigh,and the Third to bring vp the ncathermoft end ofyour Launce vpon your thigh, as it was before you ftarted : And thefe three latter motions you fhalfdoc fo (pcedily j that they fhall all thr^ebeefinifhedirione third part of chc courfe, run- |
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The feccnd T^Goke. 151
ning the other tw o partes of the courfe out, with your
Launcc on your thigh gallantly, and when you come to the vtmoft end ofthe Car'tere, you (hall there ftoppe your Horfe cloic,firme,and iuft,makinghim aduauncc once or twice, and then after a little paufe, to turnc him about and fethis head forward againe towards the Ringashee was before: Sothatifyoupleafe,youmay paffe another Cartrr* backc againe to the place where y-oufirft ftartcd, doubling your courfes asyou finde ftrength in your Horfe and ability in your owne body. Thus you fee the whole fubftance of Art in this courfe at the Ring ; is contained in three diftinft mo- tions , thefirft in difchargingyour Launee from youc thigh, the fecond bringing it vp to the Reft, (which is on your breftagainft your right pappe) and the third, the fine defcending down ofthe point of your Launcc, till it meete with the markc wheratyou runne. Where it is to bee noted,that afteryou haue once ftatted your Horfe, and begun to difcharge your ftaffe&ora youc thigh, you (hall notftay or reft, but as if all your moti- ons wercbut onemotion,becontinuallic mouing, till your Launee cuen as it defcends, fall iuft into the Ring. You fhall alio obferue that by no meanes you coutch your Launee lower then the Ring, and fo bring it back vp againe to take the ring, for that is an error of great grofenes i neither fhal you turnc your hand fomuch in to your left fide that you put your Launee wide of ci- ther hand the Ring, and then bring it back againe to hie the Ring,for that is almoft asjll as the other; you fhall obferue that yo» carry your elbowe, and that part of yourarm« from your elbow to your fhoulder of one iuft height, giuingyourhandlibcrtytogouerneyour Y 2 Launcc
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2 51 ^the jecond 'Bool^e.
r,+.m ."I" i-i -Ml riLiil I ll«'.....WI-""""-l™....... III! ■'■' «.■■■ • ii......■»••■■■,■■ .,, ■■HH»..,^^
Launce euery way,and not by thrufringdown your el-
boe, to hugg or gripe your Launce, whereby it fhal be carried iaan ecuen line,iuft from your right ffooulder, and lonot come neare the Ring by diuers yard'es t be- caufe the ring is euer placed wide of your left fhoulder, this fault you fhall amend oneh'eby carrying vp and openingyourelboe, and fo by turning inyourhand, charge your Launce dtre&lie oner the left eare of yourHotfe, which (the length of your Launce confi- dered) will carrie it directly vpon the Ring which ftands a little wider vpon your left hand : You fhall al- io obferue that in the paflage of the Cariere,you fit faft, firme,and vpright in your laddie : neither bending fo much forward, that (likean-ordina-ry Horfe-runner) you loofe the beauty of your perfon, nor bending fo much backward that the horfe may fecme to carry you away contrary to your will & liking; or to your great dif aduantage,wheneither in Tryumphes you fnall be cald to run at the Tilt, or in the Field, when with your Launce you fhal incounter with your enemy -.for you mil ft vnderft'and that both running at the Ring and Til- ting haue one and the felfe fame motions, helps &ob- /eruatio-ns: and hetbatcanhitaringof ^.or 6 inches, canot miilea man of much greater quantity .But fitting gallantly and vprightly, youfba! only turiie your right fhoulder a little thought more inward then your left. Laft'ie, you fhall obferue tocarrie your bridle hand clofevnder the pommell of your Saddle, fomewhac lower then the midff, neither-giuing the reyncsfuch libertie that you ffull haue no fccleokhehorfceshead, nor rcftraning them fo hard, that hce cannot run forth With liisgrcatefttoojragej but holding anindliferent meane,
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_________
The /econd^oo^e. 253
*ueane,torce your horie with fpurre and legge to paflc
his Cariere with all fpeed poffibles and in fuch fort, that when you come to the ftop,you may not draw vp your bridlehand aboue the top of the Saddle pommell, nor feeme in that motion either to haue yourfeate trou* bled, or to bend your body backeward ; and in the whole pafTage of the C<imr<?, if you run cither alongft a wall, or aliltbarre, you ihallturne your bridle hand a litrle backeward towards your left fide,to keepeyour Horfes fore parts clofe to the wall or bane, and when by your horfes floutb,occa{ion is giuen you, you (hall fpurre your Horfc rather vpon the right fide, which is from the barre,then on the left fide next to the barre. Now forafmuch as both the former motions, and
thefe obferuations will feeme exceeding difficult to an vnexperienccd hand; And forafmuch asTilt barres and placesconuementforhis pra&ife3 are euer about the Pallaces of Princes, where iscontinuallconcourfeof people, to whome f chollcrs at firft arc loath to profti- tute their ignorance :l£therfore you would praiStife in a morepriuate manner, itfhallnotbceamifTeforyou then, in fome remote peece of ground, which is both Jeuell and hath good foot-holde, by fetting vpftrong Bakes & fuch like ftayes,firft to paffe one line or flrong rope from the height ofy our mid thigh as you fit on horfe-backe,the whole length ohCartere, which may feme as the figure of a barre; then in the midft thereof, to let vp your Ring, of the height formerliedefcribed in this Chapter: Then fhallyou by the helpe of higher flakes, parte another fmaller line fro your eye or mid- Launce, iuft to the center of the Ring; then by the help of two long Poales, paffe a third imallline from the Yj to?
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2 5 f ':fhe fecond 'Boofy.
top of your Launce (as it ftandes vpon your thigh ) to
the center ofyour Ringalfo,carrying the firft third part of that line in an eeuen ftraightnes, and the other two parts defcending,according to the figure before (hew- ed. And when you haue thus placed your lines, you may then (as if you were at a tilt barre)ftart your horfe into his Cariere^ndby the directions ofthe lines direct the motions ofyour Launce,till by continuall vfe and pra&ife,you become (o cunning, that you are able to doe euery motion to a haire,without any a(fiftance,ei- ther of line,or other modell, more then the skill onely ofyour hand and body,which you fliall doe much the better,andfoonerattaine vnto, ifyoucaufefome man of good vnderftanding (to whome you haue declared both the beauties and faultes of the courfe) to ftand by you in your firft pra&ife, and without flatteringyou, to tell what faults you commit in euery courfe, which when you know , you muft by labour and induftrie re- forme,tillyou come to the full perfectio you wifh for. And thus much for this Warlike and Noble pra&ife. |
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Chap. 24*
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Of (he teaching ofyoung SchoIIers: and the riding of
a ridden Horfe to the beftfhow. ALthough thepreceptcs and rudiments formerly
expreiled in this booke, may bring a man (if hee be of good courage,wit, memorie and acStiuicie) thatwasneuer trained vp in therulesof Horfe-man- fhip, to frame a Horfe to fome indifferent fafhi on of good
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^hefecond^ooke. 255
good riding: Yet forafmuch as the rules are very intri-
cate,horfes natures & conditions exceeding various, and the motions a man muft vfe full of Art and contra- rietie, fothat it is impoflible without fomeinftru&ion into the Art, fomeconftru&ionofthe Art, andfome long pradtife how to doe with Art, but a man muft fpoile and marre many Horfes e're hee attaine to the making of one; which to efchew, I would aduife euery noble fpirit, of what quallity foeuer he be,not to med- dlewith the making of any young Horfe, till hee haue fro fomegoodHorf-man learnedhowtoridearidden horfe; wherfore to giueyou fome taft of the rules ofa Horle fcboole, which like an A.B.C or Primmer and not like a Grammer may prep are you , and make you more capable of better demonstrations, I will in this Chapter fet you downe fome principall obferuations. Firft therfore,when you begin to learne to ride,you muft come to the Stable,in fuch decent and fit apparell as is meete for fuch an exercife, that is to fay, a Hat TheHorfc- which muft fit clofe and firmevpon your head, with an mans apparel, indifferent narrow verge or brim , fo that in the faults ox bounds of the horfe,it may neither through widenes, or vnweldines fall from your head, nor with the bredth of the brim fall into your eyes,andimpeach your fight, both which are very groffe errors. About your neckc you fliail weareafalling&iWandnoiJa^whofe depth or thicknes, may either with the winde, or motions of your Horfe, ruffell about your face ; or according to the fafhion of the 5/w/Wf,daunceHobby-horfe-like5 about your rtaoulders, which though in them it is ta- ken for a grace, yet in true iudgement it is found an er- rour. Your Doublet fhall bee made clofe and hanfome Y 4 to
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2 5 tf The fecond Too,{e
toyourbody,largewafted,fotriatyoumayeuerbefure
to ride with your points miffed (for to ride ocherwifb is mod vildc) and in all partes (o eaile, that it may not take from you the vfe of any part ofyour body. About yourwafteyou muft hauccueryourG//v#> 3 and there- on a fmall dagger or punniard, which muft bee fo fall in the (heath that no motion of the Horfe may caftit fortn3and yetfo ready,that vpon any oscafronyou may draw it. Your Ho/e would bee large,round,and full, fo that they may fill your faddle, which fhould i t other- wile beeempty and your body lookelikeafmallfub- france in a great compafle.it were wondrous vncome- iy. Your Boeiei muftvbecleane,blacke,long..and clofe to your leg, comming almoft vp to your midde thigh, fo that they may lie as a defence betwixt your knee and the tree ofyour faddle. XouxBoot kofe muft coma fotne two inches higher then your Bootes, bdng han- fomely tied vp with pointes. Your Spurns muft bea ftrong and flat inward, bending with a compafTc vnder your ancle: the necke ofyour fpurre muft be long and fhaight,androwels thereof large &fTiarpe,tbe prick:.? thereof not Handing thicketogethe^nor being abous . fine in number. Vpon your handesyoumiift wearea fcanfomepaire of Clones, and in your right hand you muft haue along rodde finely riifri-gro"wne3ib that the fmall end thereof bee hardly fo great as a round pack- threed, infbmuch that when you mooueorfhakeir, the noife thereofmay beloude and fbarpe. a Scholars Being thus accoutred like a Gentleman and a Amounting Horfe-man, andthcHorfe(on which you are to ride fhould bee very readie) perfitc, and ftaid in all le£ fons whatfbeuer,,dooii>gthem with an extraordinary prids.
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The fecond cBoo/^e, 257
pride andlofnneiTe:beingbrought to the block, where
Vou fhall get vppe, you fhali before you come to the blocke,put off your fpurres; becaufe hauing not learned the vfe of your legges, you cannot know the vfeofyourfpurres:andthenmountingtheblockc5 tur- ningyourleftfideelofetothe fhoulder ofyour horfe, wich yourbacke towards his head, and your face re- wards his buttockes, you fhall take vpp the bitt reines into your left hand , and place your hand and fingers as is fhewed you before in the fourth chap- ter of this booke : Which done, you fhall take the re- mainderofyourreinesvpp in the right hand, which ftretchiugouctotheir vttermoftlength, you (hall pull fo euen that one of the cheekes of yout bittihall not hang fider then the other, and withall drawe your bits to fuch a limit, that with the ftraightneffc thereof youc horfe fhall not offer to goebacke, nor with theloofe- r,es offer to goe forward.. When you haue thus allu- red your but, and the reines thereof, you fhall with your left hand placed clofe vpon the Saddle pommel! ((landing in the manner aforefaid jiiftvp your left foot, and put it into the ftirrop, neither fo farre that your ftirrop may beat againft your fhinnemor fo little away thatyou fhall be forced to get vpby the ftrcngth of yourtoesonlie j butindifFcrentliei a little fhortofths hollowneffcofthe foale of your foot : which cone, . you fhall without any heauings, or anticke fhowes (as if you would leapeouer your horfes backe jpcntlie and with anactiuenimblcnefferaifevpyourbodie, by lay- ing your right hand vpon the hinder croope of the faddlc,and bringing your rightleg in an orderlie circle or compafle j iety out whokbodic firme and iuft Mi the roidde&J
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2 5 8 The itcond "Boo^e.
niiddcft of the Saddle, where contrariiie, fhouldyou
ftand with your face and breaft againft the Saddle, and io bring vp your bodie and right lcgge,you would noc onelie with your waight and force, hazard the pulling cfthefaddlevnderthehorfesbellie, but alfoyour mo- tion would be fo £ 11 fauouredand flouenlie, that in ap- pearance you would looke like a Thatcher rhatwere , climbing vp a Ladder. When you are hanfomlie feated in your faddle,thac
The Scholia* J*s5w^en vou nauc placed the hinder pajts of your but- kitt. tocksfaft againft the hinder part of your Saddle, the neather part of your bellie againft the fore-part of your
Saddle, and both your knees hard and firme vndcr each ofthefore-Pillowes of the Saddle, and when you hauc againe ftretched out your Bridle reines, and made both the bitt cheekes of an euen fidenefle, you fhall thenbymoouing your feet forward, putfoorth yourhorfefofrHeapaceor two from the blocke, and there againe ftand ftill whileft the groomc dooth buckle vp both the ftirroppes clofe vnder the skirtes of the Saddle: for you muft vnderftand that till you haue gotten the perfitnefle andcertaintie ofyourfeat, „ and that you haue out of your pradhfc and judgement, - found when and where you fit moft fure, where moft vnfure, fortifying your felfcin that which you find the beft, there is nothing more hurtfull then to ride with ftirrops,and thereafonis,becaufe(ti!l youhauefound your feate) yon will fo much truft vpon yonr ftirrops, that when the horfe fhall doe anie thing roughlie,you will with preffing your feet violcntlie vpon them, ei- ther (ifyou ride long) loofe the place, and fart holde of your knees,or elfe(if you ride fhort)raife your whole bodie
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*i hejicond ^Boo^e, Z59
bodiefromthe Saddle in a moft vncomeliemanner.
And againe,the ftirrop being to tnehorfe both a help and a correction 5 if till you know howtocarrie and vfe your legges, you fhould by anie meanes ware them, your ignorance and vnskilfull motions would fomtimes correct where there were no caufe,and fom - times hclpe where there were need of correction, all which to preuent, you muftpatientlie endure a while to ride without flirrops. When your ftirroppes are thus buckled vppe,
and you feated as aforefaide, you fhall then ( carri-Thefcholicrs ing your rodde vpright by your right fhoulder, Orltffons- croffeyourbreaft vppe by your left fhoulder ; thefirft prefenting the launce,the latter the fword, & your legs ftraight, yourheeles and toes ofonseuen height, and your toes turned a little inward toward the horfes fhoulder) put foorthyour horfe, and trott him with a good grace to the place of riding; where hauing the figures of your rings formerlie made, fo as you may plainliedifcerne them, you fhall then firft trott one 1 large Ring three times about vpon your right hand bowing your bridle hand a little downward towards the 'horfes right fhouldenand ifthe horfe be verie (loth- full or hard to turn about,you fhal the giue him a good iert with your rod ouer the left fhoulder: whe you haue trotted three times about vpon your right had,y on dial then by turning your bridle hand a little backward to- wards the horfes left fhoulder, trot another large ring three times about vpon your left had;which done,cha- gingyour bridle hand againe,you fhal trot three times more vpon your righthand •• and then being come to the place where you firft began,you fhal thereby,draw- |
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26 o *Ibefecond'<Book£*~.
ing your bridle hand euen vp alrnoft to the top of the
(addle pommeli, make the horfe ftopclofcandfirme: Which <k>ne,after a little paufe, you (hall by drawing in your bridle hand, make him retire backe : theneafing your hand,let him ftand ftill & cherifh him. This leffoa you dial repeat oner fine or fixe times in a morning, tillyoubefoperfit that you can doe it with a good grace,carrying your head , bodie, hands, legges, and euerie other member in their due place without dif- order(as is formerlie die wed you,) which that you may attaine to with more certaintie and lefleomiiTion, it is good,ifyou want a fchoolemafter, to let feme man of thferetion to whom you haue declared your obferuati- onsyouare to keepe, to ftand in the center of your rings, and to tell you ofall your faults; as when cither your bodie.,headjIegs,or hand«,moue in anie vncomly order, by which you dial as eaiiliecorred them, asif you had a skilfull matter by you. When you haue made pernt h"rft your lcflon,you fhal
<thcn after you haue trotted your rings about, by the mooningofyour bodie and legs forward with a liue- lie fpritines,thruft your horfe into bjsgalloppe, and in the fame manner as you trotted your rings, you (hall now gallop them, obferuing in your galiopping the fame vprightneffe of bodie, conftancie of hand, and couielineiTeoflegges, which you did in trotting: the (lander by continuallie telling you of your efcapes and errors. But if in this leflbn ofgaliopping, yourborfe (how anie (loathfulnerTe, you (hall reuiue himwitha goodiertortwo ofyour rod on thecontraricdioul- der: and if he take net vp his feet nimblie andtruelie, -you dial giue him a good clap or two with thecalues |
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<Tbe/econct:Boo{e. 2.<5i
ofyourlcggesvpon his fides : and when in his gallop
your ftop him,you ft-ull lay the calucs of your leggc-sto his fid'e,and make him aduance, This leffon when you haue got fo per fedlie by long
pra&ife and reformation,, that you can doe it cunning- lie without ante difordcr, your next leffon fhdll bee to . pradtife to fct the turneT*7T*,T<7f<i,whicl>yau fhall do firftby walking your horfe in a narrow ring, the com- pare wherof is before fet dowmand hailing waikt your horfe three or fourc times about on your right hand, you fliall draw vp your bridle reines, and clapping the caluc of your left legge clofe and hard tothehorfes fide, make him aduance, and then with your bodie helpinghim forward, make him beat the ring round about, helping him in cutrie aduance withthccalue of your leg, & in his going forward with your body.Si the found of your voice, by crying A^, b?yyot twelve, and when he hath finifbed his turne,thi uft him into his trot by cafing your hand,and then ftop him,andcherifh him.Thislctlonyou mult pra&iic til you haue it foper- 61 that you can make your horfe do it with the leaft fee- ling of yoiw leg-that may be, and you muft alwaies ob- ferue in this leffon, that when you begin to raileyour horfe, you cuer let your outmoft leggc (which is the leg of help fal ncere to the horfes fide,fo that when you helpeyour horfe,thc motio may befetcht fo imal away that aby ftander may not behold it,andyou fhall make your horfe doc this leffon more checrf iillie if in euerie morion of the horfeyoufliakeyour rod oner the hor- fes earcs,that he may hearc the noife,but in anie cafe,as you inake your rod, keepe your atmeand clbocclofe w -your fide,and not let your arme(as ifyou had not the goucrn»«
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i6z ^Ihefecond^Booke.
government thercof)flie at foule libert.ie, both to your
owne difgrace and the breach of your hories time in his lcfTonSjWhichisfocarefullieto be regarded, and is by nothing fooner broke then by the ieaft diforder ofyour bodie,armes,legs,or other members. After you haue made all thefeleflbns perfit, fothat
you can doe them with a good gracc,you may then ad- uentureboth to put on your fpurres, and to wcare your Stirrops9the vfes, helps, and corrections of both wbich,andthe times when you fhallimploy them, are alreadie fufficientlic declared : fo that for any leffon you are to practice after you come to wearc fpurs and itirrops, as namelie Manages of all kinds, the Coruett Caprfotland other ajres aboue ground, I refer you to the former ChaptcrSjWhere themanner ofd*ingthem is amplie enough fctdownc: fo that this which lhauc alreadie writ, I thinkc will be fufficient to faiisfieanie ingenious fchoIlcr,who defirous to be aHorfeman, is compeld to be his owne tutor. Now when you findc that you are able to ride ari-
den hor(e,both with good arte and comelinefTe, if then it ihall be your chance to ride cither in anie afTemblie, or in the prcfence of fome great Potentate, it is not vnneceifarie for you to know how in fuch a cafe to behaneyourfelfe, and how to put your Horfetothc beft fhow. If therefore you fhal come to ride your horfe before
a man of worth; if you haue libertie to chufc your ground, you ftiall chufc fuch a place as you may haue a prcttiefhort managing furrow in the fame, and the man of reputation to ftand a little diftant from the midft thereof. Then you being mounted and feared in |
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The JecGndHSooke. 263
goodfafhion, you fhall trot foorth your horfe in the
veriepride and gallantrieofhis pace, and as you pafle by the perfon of eftecm, it he be cither Prince, Noble- man,or a man of great place, yon fhall as you trot by him, with an humble bowing downe of your bodie towards the Creftof your horfe, doe bimfolernnere- Herence, and then raifingyour bodie vp ftraight again, you fhall paffe to the end of your fhort furrow, where you fhall prefentHe fee the turn Terra ^Terrafingh once about,, and then putting your horfe into the Caprpll bringhimin thofehie Saults downe the ftraightfur- row againc, till you come againft the perfon ofnote where prefentlie by the ftay of your hand, you fhall putyourHorfe into the Coruett, and fo as it were in? (lowe motions daunce before him a little fpacc Then (if he be a Horfe of great courage) puthint
into the galloppe Galliarde, till hec come to the other end of the furrowe, and there fetting ano- ther fmgleturncTV/™, Terra, at theclofmgvp there- of, and when the Horks hea-d is toward the great perfon,you fhall make him bound aloft vpon all fourc, .and yarke out his hinder feet withall, and lo ftandftill till he hauetaken new breath, your felfe rubbing him vpon the neckev\ith the great end oi yourrod5which a horfe takes great delight in, and is indeed a great cherifhing. This done, if you be allured of his ftrcngth, and
good winde , y©u fhall tret him towards the great perfon,and there caftingan indifferent ring about vpoa your righthand, you fhall beat the Carog&lo or Snaile- turne, and when you come intothecenter, where the h'orie turnes vpon al four c,y ou feall not there ftaie hi ra or
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1^ ____________________________.
2 6\. Tbejcond 'Boolg.
cr bring him forth ofthering,but changing your hand,
yo a fhal caufehim to make as many ftraighr turns vpo your left hand, and then as before you did by degrees ftraighten your rings on your right hand, fo you fliall nowinlarge them vpon your left hand, keeping one due time and meafure,till you come to the place where you firft began your turne, where for the finifhingvp of the worke,you fhal make your horfe bound aloft,and yarke withal,and then ftand (till with your faceoppofd againft the great perfon. This done, ( after your horfc hath taken breath)you fhal make him retire backe verie fwifilie,the you fhal trot him forward again,euen clofe to the great perfon, then you fhall make him goe vcrie fwiftliefidclongfrom him, then you fhall make him come fidelong almoft to him againc. When you hauc done al this,if in your horfe ftil remaine good ftrength, it fhall not be amiffc if you manage him vp and downe for fome two turnes at moft vpon a hand, vpon a loftie gallop,& in a furrow not aboue i <J.yardcs at the moft: then flopping hi mdirectlieagainft the perfon of eftate, doehimagaine folemnereuerence, and fo depart j for thefeleffonsdoecontaineallleiTons whatfoeuer (how cuer the face ofthem doc alter) and all art and skill that can poffible be included in this manner of riding,fo far foorth as either mine experience vndcrftands, or my witisabletodeliuer: both which 1 will proftitute and humblic yceid to the controll and cenfure of our fa- mous and \ftellknowne horfemen, but armed with all violence poffible againftfoo-lcs, parafues and men of oltentation. |
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Tht cndefthefaondBobke.
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