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VALARICE,
OR That part of &rt which containcth
the office of the Keeper,Groomc of the Stab!e,or Coach-man,how
Horfes fbalbc ordered both
When they reft and when they
Iourncy: With allthingcs
belongingto their
places.
_________________H ThcTiftBooke.
IV(C ^^1)* '/* Newly corrected and augmented.
^&&**J5s?S7 / *. ByGeruafeMarkharn. LONDON
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Pri
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and are to be fold at his {hop necre J1^^^^^!^
the little nortli doore of Saint
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aulcs Church at the fi^:
of the Gun. 1617.
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<v
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To the moil Noble and mod mrgfotft
Lord,EeWARirEarlc of Worcefler, Lord Herbert o{
Ragland^Chepfiowe and Gower3 Maifterofthc Horfe to his Maiefty, and Koigfre-of the moft Moblc ordet of the. Garter. Woftrongmotiues (Right Honor able and mof no-
ble Lord) hath imboldnedme to offer this part ef my labours to your wort hj protection; fir ft your §3 owne (not to bee controled) knowledge tn all the befi partes of 'the Art; and fecondlyyour-place which maiesyou the Great maifier both of the befi Horjes, and ™cbcftprofeJJ'or$*fthebeflBorfe~mw(hipi andalbe it may bee yteftedagainftmee that others ofmy Country-men hue done J* excellently in this fubiec?>that mine wjllprouebut>afurcharge ft'memory, yet(i/nder the reformation of your Honorable fa* n6*r) 1' Jttppofe they are fo much elad in famine'attyre, that twtrpreceptiiarefitterfor reading t henpratftfe-, andtruelyfor v> rilon and other of his ranke, (towhome is due all the wort hie J j f*Mfoly can begiuen) and who/e memory I fath hue naadmirei this is mine opinion , thit were they lifting at this houre^ andfaw but fame of the Horf men. and Horfes of this Na** tton> they would confejfe thai time andperfeBion hadpnrgd r, '&& of many groj/i deformities; but ofthis yourLordjhtp tan betterjudge by your owne knowledge then by myrelation^. f f j*™*? ^^egrace enough for me3ifyour Honour vouch- J*te™e,vuwofmypaines^ andpleafe to number mee amongfi Mje whuh euer wiUbepre fit? doe jour HonourJeruice. |
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G BR V A S E M A RX H A )%
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To all thofe which etcher ride vpon
their owneHbrfes, or are acquainted
with TraueH. |
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\S a Horfe was'atfirft created for Mans vie
andfcfuice, fo I imagine m that creation it was in-
tended that man (houldin hiscareandrefpe£tof the beaft, after his iourney, fhew both the thank- fulnefle of his nature, and the-reward due for ne- cefTarie imployment: from whence I gather, and thofe which either haue beenc mounted vpon jades, or for want of gouern- menthaue had their Horfes faile them In their greateft necdes can iudge, how ncceflarie a thing it is to know how a Horfe ihould bee ordered, both inhisiourneying,andafterthcendof his labour; in which if 1 haue in this Treatifc following, giweh you fuch fufficicnt precepts as may both enable yourHorles,and difchargc you of much care and fearefulneffe, I doubt not but vvhatfoeuermaiignitiefhallfuggeftagai'nft mee, yet euerie vp« right breft will both forcifie and defend me; ajidfomuch the ra- ther, in that howfoeuer.1 maybe thought oblcure,yetI knoyy lihall not be found abfurd. Farewell. |
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€. M.
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AVALARICE,
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The fifi <Bmke.
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CHAP. I.
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-.. ' ' . . "■'
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M<W Snhks fallhe mde rthe fe&tjs; &rd
eommditits. O rafmu ch as all Horfes-
whatfoeoer, which be of any worth
or eftimation3are during the time of their feruiccablcneffe for the moft part kept in the houfe, both becaufe ■the .time.oftheyccrCjWhen their fer- r- r - • uice is mo{lneedfull,is in the winter Jcafon j andalfobecaiife the vnrulincffe of ftonde Hor-
es is fo great, that they cannot be kept in order or good '^Pfjif they bee not continually vnder the com man-a ^mcnt of the Keepers hand. I tbinke it isfit before I proceede t0 theoffice of theKeeper,to fpeake fomthing ^W«S^eStable3andfu€bbe^fit^a*ftiouldperfitly belong
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_ —---------------■———————
% The fft $00^.
belong thereunto ; wherefore firft for thefite or place
where your Stable fhould ftand, I would with eucry Horfe-maifter, according to the abilitie of his power to place his Stable vpon hard and dric ground, hauing a certaine aflent or riling,- by mcanes whereof conuey- ance may bee made with trenches or finclces to carrie a- way thepifle,foule water, or other wctt which {hall fall aboutit. The ayrc wherein it fhould ftand, would as neare as you can be very temperate and fweete, hauing no marrifheSj or corrupt places about it, efpeciallyno Swine-ftyes,for the verie fmclling and rubbingof f wine will breede both the Fame and other foule difcafes. Adioymngto yottr Stable, you mufteuerhaue either
fome good Well, Conduit or Pumpe, and alfofome fairc Pondc or running Riuer: The ftuffe whereon yoif* fhall builde your Stable, w&uld if your abilitie will ftretch thereunto be either bricke or other rough ftone, and the wall at leaft eighteene inches thicke , if you want bricke or ftone , ftudde and plaifter will feruc, or ifneceflitie compel! Lome, or Lime andHaire, or any other ftuffe which is warme and durable. Your Stable would bee in proportionlonger then broad, and not as fome vfe fourefquare, placing Horfes on both fides the boufes which is both ill and vncomely. The windowes of your Stable muft bee vpon that fide the ftablc which anfwers to the Horfes buttockes , and would open vpon the Eaft, that a horfe may haue the morning Sun : and not as fome aduifc vpon the North, for though it bee tollerable for fome one weckeinthe Summer time v yetit will bee moft vnwholibme for all the Winter after: each windoweabout theStablemuft -haue a clofe fhuc or falfe windo we of bordes that you may
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TbefiftBoo^.
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m*y at your pleafure make the Stable as darkeasyou
^'l^andas light as you will, the windowes alfo would b£e glafed that neither Birdes uor other foule may sotne therein, whofe feathers are toaHorfebothvn- ^holfome, and fometimespoyfonous j in the midft of y°urftable in conuenient place, and againftwhichyou m*y make a lodging for yourGroomes, I would haue yoa build a hanibmeChimnie, where when occafion lerues , as cither in time of a H orfes (icknelle or fore- ^&lTe, when medicines are to bee made, you may haue a fere, or for the warmingjayring, and drying ofthe hor- jes cloathes, which at fometimes is as wholfome for him ashismeate. Now for the Plaunchcrs of your ftable,. I agree both with mai\ev BluNde»i//andCo0urne&i3 that they (hould bee ofthe befthart of Qake that can be gotten, but that they fhould lye (as they aduife) flo - P^g, which is to fay, higher before then behindc, I am utterly againft it, and holde it of all errors the grofefo, as n°t to bcetollerated in anie place but in Smtkfield and arnongft Horfe courfers : Eorfirft itmakesaHorfein "is ftanding reft fo much vpon his hinder legges, and that with fuchpainfulnes, that it not oncly makes him ?Ca)[? paftcrn'd, but alfo bringes to his legs difeafes and jwelhngs: It makes a Horfe alfo that heecannot lie eafi. ^DuttakethmoftofhisreManding , then which there *s nothing more vnhealthfull, wherefore in any cafe lay y°urplaUHC{lers as Jcueli and ccucn as you can deuife _°\ay them, and in any wife laytheboardesnotlength-
ai5s> that is, from the maunger (freight downe to the
?hl rtreCs D"t lay them ouertwhift thehorfcsftaU.fo
%vhC hv may ftand croffc thc boar<ty: let the grub-tree
wucnlies auheneatherpars o£thi plaunchcrs againft which
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4. The fit<Boo{e,
which the horfe will many times reft his binder heeled
be very ftrong, & betwixt three or foure inches higher then the plaunchers; for the plaunchcrs muft bee laidc euen.andnot one board higher then another, yet the/ muft not be foclofeioyned together, but that the hoc fes pific3and other moifture may runne through the crc- uifes vnderneath the plaunchers. All along as your flee- pers lye to which you pinnedowne the boards, muft 2 trench or finke be digged, ofat lead: foure foote broad, and about three foote deepe, which may conuay away the horfespiffe andother filthinefle,either into Come by dikeorchannell: the flore of your Sable which is with- out your plaunchers, muft be euen with the very height of your plaunchers, that if your horfe at any time fhall goe backward off from the plaunchers, yet hee may ftill {land vpon a iuft leuell. This flore would be paued with round fmall pibble. At the vper end of your plaunchers you (hall place your maunger, which would bee of very ftrong boards, fo artificially and dole ioyned together, that neither duft, nor any thing4iow fmall foe tier, may fcatter out of it. Now whereas certaine olde Writers would haueeuery horfe to hauea little fmall locker to himfelfe,toeate hisprouendertherein, I for my part like it not j for a horfe as heeates his meate, will turns his head now and then of one fide or other, and then ha- iling but as it were a little boxe to eatein, each time he lifts vp his bead, hee will featter the one halfe of his meate : and againe, it is the delight and nature of a horfe to fpread his meate as thinne as is poffible, and fa to eate withthe better ftomacke, whereas when you lay it in a thicke heape together, he falles to loathe it, and refufeit; you fhal euer raife your maunger at leaf! foure
foote
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Ihe.fift'Booke. 5
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toote from the ground, and nothaue it abouc nine in-
j-kesdeepc, lor the. higher your maunger ftands, the hl§her your horfe will thruft and beare vp his necke, Which will bee a good helpe tohisrcyne and counte- nance:forh owfoeueritisan vfe in /fo/^alowedamogtl jorne of our horfemen, that there fhould bee no racke, but that a horfe fhould receiue all his meate downward l°vvards hisfeete, thereby not to ftraine his necke with Putting it vp ward: yctlam of a eonirarie opinion, and would haueahorfe to ftretch vp his head aloft, and to Pii'ckehishayoutof arackeabouehim, knowing that *"ch putting vp of his head doth mend his comelineffe, 2nd that taking his hay out of his racke, doth not with blowing vpon it make it fo foone loathfome: as for the fiippofitionof the filth or duft which fhould fall into the horfes maine3 it is very idle: for if the rack be plac'd right,fome fmall duft (if there bee any).may fall vpon the horfes nofe,but his maine it can neuer touch; wherfore * Would haue the Racke to be placed of a proportionable "eight, anfwerable to the ftature of ordinary horfes, andletitftandfomewhatvpright, leaning as little for- Ward as may bee. When thus your plancher s are iaide, and your Racke fctvp,youfhalldeuide your Stable into euerall ftalles, to the intent that eucry Horfe may lie by nirnfelfe,andthofeftallesaiallbedeuidedattheneather endes with great poaftes. And if the liable be for great "ones, or young Cokes, then from each poaftto the mangcr, fhall goe a round pecce of timber, which han - |mg either in writhes chaines,cordes,or ftrong thongs ^ ea. ler> f° that it may fwing which wayTman will f K' W"'cn will keepe hories from ftriking one at a- mex: 0r ^ they do ftnke, they will defend the blowes: But
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6 Tbefift<Boo{e.
r* i ■ ■
But ifthe ftable be for Hunting horfes, or elfe Running
horfes, then 1 would haueyoutoboordeucryfeucraU partitionfromthc great poftevptothemaunger, eucn fo hiebeforc that the horfe may not looke ouer it, as Well for the warmeneffe thereof, asalfo that one horfc maynotgaze,fmell,ney»or trouble one another, alfo for Hunting horfes, andRunninghorfcs, yon (hall line the walles which are before their face with boardes, (o that they may not gnaw vpon the walls, or lick vpon the lime, which isfuffocating and vnwholfomc j vponthc outfide of each poft you (hallhaue plac d ftrong hookes ofyron, on whichyou {hall hang euery feucrall horfes bridle, his cauezan and watring fnafflc; then you (hall haue vpon each fide of the pofte faftned in with ftaples, round ringes ofyron, to which when you put on your horfes watring fnafflc, you (hall tyehimvpwhileftyou dreffe him*, then all alongft the otter fide of the ftable betweenethe windowes, (hall be placed ftrong peeces of timber,on which you may hang euerie horfes ordina- te faddle, then (hall you hauc in another place great prefles , in which (hall bee ftored all better furni- ture ; then (hall you haucihelucs whereon to lay your curry-combes,mayne-combes,dre(Ters,rubbers,haire- cloatheSj and other clenfingcloathes, both woollen and linnen -, in other conuenient places of the liable (hall be placed clofebinggs, or hutches,for the keeping ofpro- ucndcr,thc ftable would be feel'd ouer head,either with plaifter,orlimeandhaire : in the middeft of the ftable, or according to the largenes of the ftable, I would hauc either one, two, or three lanthornes to hang fo as they may giue afufficient light ouer all the ftable.? Nowe for the generall vfe of your ftable, whatfoeucr |
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Thefift'Boo^e. - 7
ttgetius^or other auncient Italian* write,to diffwade you
from keeping it clofe and warmc, as fuppofingthatit brecdesraw difgeftion,hurts nature,and ingenders ma- ny difeafcs, yet I would hauc no Englifh Gentleman to holde the rule imitable, for wee daily findeout of our ownc experiences, in keeping Hunting and Running hotfes, that there is nothing morehcalthfulljor breedes in a horfe greater ftrcngth or abilitie to performe much then the keeping of the (table in a temperate and pro- portionable warmneffe > but whereas they fay noyfome vapours and fmels in a Stable are vnwholfome jto that I agree and would wifh euery Groome that loues his rc- pucation,to kecpe his ftable as fweete and as neate as is pofiibleby any labour to bee cffe&ed , and to that end I Would haue all thofe which are keepers of Running or Hunting horfes, whofc ftrongcrkindeoffoode makes their ordure to f mell fo much the vileder, neuer to bee vvithout Sferaxjand Benumen^ and twice a day at leaft by burning fome vpon aChaffingdifh and coales to per- fume the Stable, which to the horfe is both wholfome,. and delightfull. It is the part of euery diligent and care- full Keeper,to haue all his implements, and whatfocuer hee fhall needc about his horfe, to bee placed in fit and conuenient places, that when hee fhall ftand in need of any of them,he may readily findc them : hee fhall not fuffer any thing whatfocuer to be throwne amongftthe Prouender,or to He vpon his Hay: for a Horfe will finde diflike at theleaft fent whatfoeuer, Many other obfer- uations there are for a diligent Keeper, all which fhall in. their proper places bee amplic prefcribed vnto him. |
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Kk Chap. 2.
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8 Tbeflt'Boohe.
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Chap. 2.
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Of4 TrmeUing horfes mate, andthefetter'aR
kindesandvfes. \
According to the opinion of the auncient Italia* '
writers (whome I did euer read more for know- ledge then pra&ife) the foodes which belong to Horfes are very many and diuerflie compounded, as GraffeflafiStrwefl&tes^ArleyJVbeAt, and Fitches, or Peafe3 •fitchesjBeattejjxx&Whut-brame mixt altogether,or com- mon horfe bread whichismade of ordinarie ChiflTehV orbranneknodden with water, and theloues infome; places arc rouWin fpelted beancs* (^Graffs Now for the property ofthefe foodes: firft the Graffs queftionles is nourifhing during the time ofSummer, whileft the ftrength of the Sunnc abides within it,and is food good inough for ordinary trauclling horfes,bu t for fton'd horfes of great pride and courage,it is fomewhat toocoldeandmoift, and therefore onely tobeegiuen phifically, as for a month together in the beginning of fummcr, onely to fco wre them,which is called the foyle time, and if when you giue them grafle, you giucthem blades ofgreene corne, it is pafling good alfo. ©fHay. Hayisnourirtiing,andfilles outthebodie,yetitmufi: haue fomc other prouender ioyned with it,or eis by rea-
fon of the drinefle thereof,it willneither nourifh fuffici- ently,nor difgeft in conuenient time, but lying in the horfes body,maJke his bellie great and vnfafhionable. Strawe
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Tbefift<Boo{e. $
-i ■ i . i.... I, ____i —._ .____________ , ., ..,
Straweis a hot driefood, and neither nourifhcth nor OfStrawtJ
ftlleth, therefore it is onely tobeegiuen but feldome,as when a horfe is new taken from Graffe, or when he is in ftrait dyet for Running j more for the clenfing and fcow- ling of their teethjthen for any other fuitenance. Oatcs are exceeding nourifhing, light of difgeftion, oatct,
andingendreth the beft blood , and whatfoeuer either <3aUh3 or any of the Italians write,weefindeitby daily proofe,the beft food that can bee continually giuentoa horfe. Now of Oates there be three kindes j one is a great white Oate, the other a greatblacke Oate, and the third afhortyellowOate,calledacutoate,and although fomc of our Fnglifh authors prcferre the black Oate for ■the beft, yet I allure you the great white Oate which is full,and heauy,is the beft and moft nourifhing,of which kinde I haue fecne in Darbi/birei fomc which haue (with- in a vcrielittle) way'd as heauie as wheate,next the great white OateSjthe yellow cut Oate is to bee eftecmeo, and thelaft is the blacke Oate, for ofallthcthr.ee kindes it is the lighted and leaftfubftanciall. ■ N o w there is a fourth kinde of Oate4 which is a Skcg-
oate, which is a fmall light naughtie Oate, and indeed is fit for pullcn rather then horfes, for it is but one fmall degree better then Chaffc. Barley is coldc anddrie in the opinion of Phyfitions, of&rietf
but according to the naturall working of Horfes, wee flnde it hott, drie, aad vnfaucrie, it nourifheth not at all, but makes a horfe thirftic,full of heart burning, and fub- ie& to faintnes. Now if any man demaund if it haue thofc faultes why
it is vfed fo much in Italy,1 anfwer,that their Barley and ours is of a contrary nature,& doth not offend fo much, Kk 2 yet
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'"Thefift Boo{e.
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10
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yetneither of them both to bee efleemed forgoodpro*
uender, where Oates are to be got. OfWhe«e. Wheate is the greateft nouriihc.r,'butyet a food chat
of all other a horfe will fooneft loath and forfake , for ic fuffceates and cloyds theftomaek, I haue not knowne ic vfed in any place but in Spaine amongft the lenttsy nor would I haue it to be vfed at all, for it is neither needfull for the horfe, nor profitable for the owner, if ic bee noc onely in the time officknes, OfPi h Fitches are a ranke grofle foode,ingendering corrupt
blood,and vnwholfome humors, and if they be not well
dry'd before they be giuen to a horfe 3 they will breede the peftilence and burning feauers. Of Peafe. Peafe are apurfie and flopping foode, rillingvp the
wind-pipcs,and difabling the horfe in tranell; if they be
not exceeding well dryed, they breede in a Horfe the Botts, Grubbes, and all fortes of wormes,together with paine in the ftomacke, lunges, and generally all oucr a horfes intralles. ©fBcanfs. Bcanesare nourishing and {Irong, and highly to bee
preferd before Peafe or Fitches,beeaufe if they be giuen to a Horfe, when they are well dryed they breede good blood, and are more light ofdifgeftion,yet wheufoeuer they are giuen they muft be mingled with Oates, for to giue them fimplie of themlelues j they arc fom what top cloy ing,and offend a horfe in his eating. |
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OfBIende
tome. |
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Now for mingling Pcafe.BcaneSjFitches and Wheat-
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bran together, iris a moft vnwholfome prouender, for
there is corruptio in the Fitches,purfiuencs in thePeafe, and fulfbmnes in the Beanes,ioyn'd vnto a moft fcalding andvnnaturall heateintheBranne,fothatI would wife all that loue their horfes not i& loue this kinde of foode. Now
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<Thefift<Booke. 11
Now laft'yfor common horfe bread, which is made
0fnothingbutChi(TeUorBranbak'd, ic is neither nou- riming nor yet wholfomc, but is the originall caufe of many filthy difeafes,as I haue fhewd at large in a former. U'eatife, fo that were all Horf-men and Xrauellers of my fninde, either Bakers ihotild compound their breadc better3or neuer fell any to lnne or Stable,for I will ftand to it3that bread made of all the duft of a Mill or a Barne- flore3is as wholfome as any that I haue feenc come from acommonBaker. Now out of thefe feucrall Prouenderstofhewyovt
^vhich is beft, for which purpofc. ypu ftiall vnderftand that'fo r your horfe for feruice in the warres,or the horfe kept for hie-way trauelling,or longiourneyes, your beft prouender isBeanes and Oates wellkilne dry'd and min- gled together, as thus: to eueriebuftiell ofbeanes two buQiel of oates; For the hunting or running horfe clean Oates welkilne dry'd,or bread made of cleaneBeanes,as is Chewed in the bookc of hunting: for the cart or plo w- horfe,Peafe,Beanes,and Fitches mixt with Bariy-chaffe: as thus j to a pecke of peafe, beanes, and fitches.at leafta bufhell of barley-chaffe. For the horfe thatis kept for fale,and is in the hands of the Horf -courfef 3if hec be fat, the beft foode is a fewePcafe or Beanes mixt with oate- hulls,which are taken!rem oates when you make Oatc- tnealc,but if he be leane,olde,or lacke teeth ,thcn either boyld barley whilcft itis fweete,or clfeboild bucke, for both thefc feedefuddainly though corruptly. Now for the quantitie which you (hall allow; I thinke
for great Horfes,or Princes or Gcnttcmens priuate fad- die horfes, which euer fhould bskept as fatt and faire as may be,that 2. pecks a day is the beft proportion; for the Kk 5 ordinal |
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iz Thefift<Boo{e.
ordinary trauclling Gelding a pecke a day is fufficient,
and for the Cart or draught horfe your meafure muft be to fill his belly before his worke and after his worke, orelfehcewill giucouer his labour. Now if there happen into your charge cither Turkes,
Tenets^ ArahiAns^ox other Countreyhorfes, which hauc fceene vfed to other foodcs then thefe which we imploy in England,you fhallfkftasnjcareasyoucan, either by inquirie of thofc which formerly had the keeping of fuch Horfes, or by proofes in your own pra&ife, learne what foode the horfe beft likes, and in what fort he hath beene before kept, and if you diflike cither his foode or keeping, you (ball not alter him fuddainly, but by little and little, bring him to that dyetyou fhall finde beft for his body. -
Chap. 3.
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Oftkefwrallkwctes of Waters^ which is heft
And which is worfi. HAuing in mine imagination toldeyou fufficiently
what foode or meate is bcft,andmoft naturaflfor a Horfes feody , it refterh now that wee tellyou whatdrmke ajfo is fitted, which by the opinion of all men,andthcrul3rbothof kinde and cuftome is onely water. No w forafmuch as there be diuers and fundry kindes
of waters, asnamely the cleare.fpring, or fountaine, the Pondc,andtheruriviqgRiuer, andforafmuch as cucry ©ne; of thefe according; to their fcituations}f o doe alter in
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Tbefift<Boo{e. ij
ftuQ^^rtiST«^hc fe™"S~c whkhToth coinc
from the Rocke is fmalleft and moft fcownng; that Which comes from chalke,limeftonc or fait water moft ftouriftung, and that which comes from Bnmftone or Sulphuremoftvnfauory yetwholfome : fo of Pondes that which is fed by a frefti fpringis fmaUcft,thac which Med by the land flood beft nourifcing, and that which is onely maintayn d by raine water is moft mfcaious. Laftly of Riuers, that which comes from a clearc
forine, and runnes vpon fand or pibble, being very ftul- lowefseuer the (harpeft : that which in his running clenfem common ftioares,and beans away corruption is the beft feeding : but that which is deepe, muddy, comesfrombogges,and runnes ftoweft, is naught and offenfiuc. Wherefore if your horfe be fatt or lubiedt
fat Horfc.
to orofenes, your beft water is citherthe Spring which
comes from the rockc, the Pond which is fedde by a frefh fountainc, or the fhallowcbrooke which runnes vpon pibbie, for they clenfe the body and raines, purge the kidncyS>and coole theblood if it bee inflamed : but ifyourhorfebeleanc5oldeortendersthenyourbeftwa. tcr is cither the fountainc which comes from cnalke,
limcftone,or from thefeasfaltneffe, the ponde which comes of the land flood beeing cleared by ftandmg.oc theriucrwhichclenfingCkticsorgreattovynes, makes himfelfc clearc with his running ; for theft bailing in
them a mixture, or compounded ftreagth, are the plea- fanteft and moftnourifhing. In the Summer feafon yourrunningfountaineisthebeft, for it is the cooleft, and in the winter your decpe Well water is beft, for it isthewarmeft. , '-. ,. , .1
Now there bee of our Englifh writers which would
Kk 4. haue
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tq. "J he fft <Boo{e.
Iiaucyourhorfctodrinke vcrie much j. and if hec be not
naturally inclined therenntp, to rubbe his mouth with lalt and wine,te make him thirftie»but it is a moft vilde precept, for the lefle a horfe drinkes at one time, the bet- ter itis, for many furfeits are taken by drinke,but few or none for want, and therefore if you fee your horfe fub- ie& to drinkemuch, you fhall then water him the oftner that he may not drinke much at once. To gallop and chafe a horfe gently after his water, is the wholfomcfl: motion that may be, for itkeepeshimfromcolde, and dropfies,and difperfeth the eolde vapour ofthe water through his bodie,and recouers his ftomacke. Now for letting your horfeftand any long time in the
water vp to the knees^as many Horf-men doe,Ifor mine ownepartlikeit not,for it numbesand coolestheleggs too much, and makes the horfe aptcr to furbait: onely when you fhall perceiue your horfes codds or (heath to fwell, then I would ifit be in the heate of Summer haue you to fwimme your horfe once a day either ouerfome dcepe riucr,or in fome deepe ponde ; but ifit bee in the Winter, then I would onely haue you to bathe his cods aud fheath with colde water in rheftable. Now Jaftly, if you haue the charge of great Horfes-,
who out of their couragious fpirit^ ate not eafily to bee leddejthebeftis euerto water them in the houfe : but if your charge bee of iourneyingGeldings, then'tisbeft warring them abroade, and ro chafe them a little in your hand vp and downe after his water,, And thus much for Water and the vfes. |
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Ghap.4.
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<ThefiftcBoo{e. i?
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Chap. 4
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of the Drejfiflg, Combing andCurffwgof Herfes,
and of their Dyet in the time ofrejl. TO enter into any Phificalldiftin&ions or aliufions
of Dreffing and currying of Horfes, comparing them with the fixe feuerall kindes of frictions be- longing to mans body, or to rcpeate vntoyou vfe-lefle obferuations,prefcribed by the auncient/w/ww, which neither agree with our clime nor the conditions of our Horfes,werea labour vainc, and a great depriuing of the induftrious Keeper of his beft knowledges j wherefore that I may in the plaineft manner I can, vnfolde what aeceflary precepts belong to the office, Ithinkc it not amiffe to begin after this manner : Fiift after your Horfe is taken into the houfe, you (hall put vponhis head a ftrong Coller of broad double leather, with two reynes of leather , or clfe round writhenchaines with fhort linckes running eafilie through holes made for the fRirpofein the vpper great tree of the maunger, infuch fort that when the horfe puts down his headache chaines may fall downe to the ground j and whenhethruftesvp his heady they may rife to the top of the maunger : now the firft night that your horfe is brought intothe houfe, you fhall onliegiue him a bottle of wheat ftraw into the racke, and fo let him ftand without litter, or any thing elfe,for that night hee will doe nothing but emptie his bellie of grade. The next day about nine of the clocks in the morning , you fhall take a double rope made of
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16 x7hefift'Boofy.
of wheate ft raw c twound exceeding hard together,
and with itrubbc his head, face, necke9breaft, body, .belliejbuttoekcsjandlcgges, then you (hall giue him as much water as hee will drinke (and a freffi bottle of wheate lira w if the other be eaten) and fo let him ftand till foure of the clocke in the euening,at which time, as you did in the morning, fo you (hall then rubbe him o- uer with new ropes of ftrawe: then water him,giue him frelh ftrawe into his rackc, and let him ftand till eight a clocke at night,at which time you fhall take a great bot- tle of wheate ftr aw, and fpread it vnder his body, laying it thickeft before his fore-legges, both becaufc his head may haue as it were a pillow to reftvpon, and alio be- caufe Horfes naturally will with their fore-leggs put the ftrawe backward. This is called littering of horfes: and when you haue thus donne,you(halUet him reft till the
next morning. The third day I would haue you come to your Horfe
at (eauen of the clocke in the morning,and the firft thing you doe after you haue opened your windowes, and waihcdyourownehandes, you fhall take a fhakeforke, that is to fay, a forkc of wood without any yron about it,and with it you fhallfhake vp and thruft backward all the horfes dung,and wett litter,putting it from theplan- chers; then you (hall fhake vp all the dry litter which is vnfoyfdjforward: and with your fhakeforke thruft it vp as hard as may bee vnder the maunger; then with afho- uell wellfhodd with yron for the purpofe,you fhall (ho- uell away all manner of filthinefTe from the planchers, and then withabcefomeeitherofBirch,orBroorne,you fhall fweepe the planchers and Stable fo cleane as is poffible, & fo gathering all the filthines into one place, put
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IhefftTSoobf. ij
Put it either into a Barrow or Basket, and carry it into
faeh backc places as are for fuch a purpofe. This done, you fhall bring into the ftable aPeale-full of faire water, and place it hard by the hinder part of the ftall where the "orfc ftandes • then you fhall take a watring fnaffle, and aheadftall, and after you fee that the fnaffle is cleane Without duft or filthineffe,you fhall dip it into the peale of water, and then put it into the horles mouth, andio turning him about, that hee may ftand with his head where his tayle did ftand, you {hall with a fepcrated reynctyevp theHorfeto the two ringes, which are faft- ned into the poftes of eachfidehim : Thisdone,you fliall take your rope of ftrawe well twound tpgether,and therewith firftrubbe the Hories face and cheekes allo- uer, then with your finger and your thumbe, you fhall twich away all thofe long and ftiffe haires which growe clofeabouehisvpper eye-brecs, and clofe Ynderneath his ncathercyc-brces, for they hinder fight: You (hall likewife pull away all thofe long haires which growe a- bout his noftrels, vnderneath his chappes, and downe hisnecketohis breaft j then as you did before, you fhall firftrubbe the right fide of his necke, his breaft, right (boulder, and right legg, the right fide of his body and bellie,the right buttock and right lcg,and then you fhal goe to the left fide, and in all thinges doe as you did vp- on the right fide. This done, you fhall take a great Spunge, and hauing put it into the water, you fhall take itfoorth, and prefle it alittle, then therewith you fhall rub oueryour Horfes face, then lay by the fpurige, and with yourhandes rubbe his face till it bee as drieas may be, then wafh your handes cleane againe, for there will, come muchfilt'h and durtinelTe from thchoife ;and take tha
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18 Thefift<Boo{e.t
the wet fpunge and rub the right fide of his neeke there-
with; then with your hand rub that part drie againe alio, and thus rubbing euerie feucrali part of his body with the wet fpungea5 you did with thetwound Itraw rope, and drying them againe with your handes, you (hall bring away alltheloofehaires which are about his bo- die : this done,you fhall pickehis fheath cleane from all durtineffe, and you (hall wafh his coddes and make his yerde cleane,then you fhalllifc vp his docke, and with a cleane cloath rub his tuell and the partition of his haun- chesjthen you (Tiall take hogs-greafe, foote, and a little tarremixt-togethcr, and dipping a cloath therein, an- noint all his foure hoofes, or for want ofit,you may rub his hoofes with the vpper skinne of bacon, for it is vetie good alio j then you fhall take a yard of haire-cloath, and rubbehis head, necke,breaft,bodie, buttockesand legges all ouer therewith,after it, take a houfing-cloath tnadeofSaekcloath offuchlargeneffe,that it maylappe ouer before hisbreft, and with a furfingle both broade andflatt, gird it about him, putting halfeadozenlofc wifpes betwixt the cloath and the furfingle vpon the top of his backe, and halfe a dozen likewife betwixt the cloath and the furfingle, of each fide of his heart, iuftbe- hinde the elbocs of the horfe, which doe not onely keep thehorfewarme, but withail defend the furfingle from pinchiag or galling: If it bee either Hunting horfe, or Running horfe you kcepe, then you fhall for warme- neffefake wifpe.fhefurfingle round about, yctyou muft bee verie* circumfpe6fc that your wifpes be made very foft,grcat and flat,and not as I haue feenc amongfr fome that areefteemed cunning, fo little and fohard twifled together, that after a horfe hath been laidedowne, you may
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— II_______________,________________■- -.-———™■-•
The fiftcBoo{e. i?
roay fee the print of his wifpes in his fides when hee is
bared, which both puts the Horfe to great paine and taakes him more vnwil'ing to lye downe when hee is Vvearie. Now there be fome in this Land which cannot in dure
to haue their Horfescloathedat all; and therfore happi- ly will diflikc this precept of mine for the cloaihing of Horfes, faying it makes horfes too tender, and takes from them abilitie of induringhardnes, to them 1 fay they are exceedingly much deceiued, for it is only thofe hardcuftomeSjWhich makes them vnable toindureany hardnes at all, and rhe rcafon thereof is this, that nature by fuchhardnes and extremity, being put tohervtter- nioft force and ftrength, to maimaiue her liuelyhood, when thathardnes at any time is exceeded,fhe prefently faintes and forgoes all her vigor and vcrtue; asrhus for example: it is afmuch as nature can well do to maintain a horfe in any good ftate & ftrength,without cloathes in the ftable: if the by extremity he come to be compeld to liue without clothes in the field in the extremity of cold and bitter weather,hauing indured his vttcrmoft before now feeling it exceeded,he prefently gro wes faint,fickc and oft times dies fodainly,whcras on the contrary part, when nature is eherifht & forteficd by the helpc ofhou- fingjclothing and fuch like, he gathers that ftrength and powerfulnes that no extremity can daunthim, the expe- rience wherof we fee daily amongft hunting horfes,and. in their extreame matches. Againc.tocometo amorc familiar example,lct vs looke into our ownc conftituti* ons, what creature is kept more hard, both for hunger and colde then the piowClowne.and who more dainty aad voluptuouflie then the Gentleman? yet bring them both
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20 yhefift'Eookf.
both to one equall extretnitie, and one Gentleman will
both indurc and bee feruiceable , when a hundred Clownes will dyelikefheepeinarotteyeare, becaufe the ftraitneffeof their Hues kept Nature euerleane and inweakeneffe : and of this, when I was a poore com- maunder in the Warres j I euer tooke a principall no- tice; and held it for a maximc, that the more choife ei- ther Man or Horfe is kept in the time of reft, the more hee fhall be able to indure in the time df trouble. When youhauecloath'd your Horfe vp as is before fpecified, if heebe a horfe ofany efteeme, it fhall bee good if you haue a hood for his head and necke made of Sackcloath alfo, which you fhall eye to the nofeband of his coller, and to that part of the furfinglejWhich is ouer his backc; when all this is done, if hee be a horfe that will not bee quietly ledde abroad, then you fhall bring him apeale- full of veric faire water, and let him drinke his fill, then .-hailing both with a hard wifpe, and a clean cloath made hismaungcrveriecleane,you fhall take off his Snaffle and turne him to the maunger, then wafhing the fnafflc and hanging it vp, take halfe a pecke of Gates, and put- ting them into a meale fiffe,duft them veriecleane,and giue them to the Horfe to eate, then put a bottle of VVheat-ftrawinto his racke % fweepethe planchers and ftable very clcane againe, then locke vp thedooreand lethimrefkillitbe twelueaclocke. At twelueaclocke you fhall come into the Stable, and firft you fhall make cleane the (table and planchers;; then dipping his wa- tering Snaffle in fome faire water, you fhall put it on his head, and turne him about as you did in the morning! then you fhall take a -fharpe pairc of colling fheares and colle the infidc of both his cares, asclofcto the skinne
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1heftft<Boo%e. 2,1
*«innc as may bee, andthe vpper part of his mayne next
"is eares, from the noddle or crownc of his head down- ward into his mayne, for the breadth of three fingers, if "eebe a great horfe or trauelling gelding, but if he bee either hunting or running horie, then for the length of j*Xeinches, bothbecaufe hishaires fhall not flie about "is face as he gallops, and fo trouble him, nor yet caufe him to fweate about his eares, to which a horfe is too ^uch fubie&. When you hauecold his eares and maynj you fhal then looke about his chaps,and if he be fubieft lo much haire or roughneffe in thofe partes, you fhall then elippe itclofe away that thereby you may the eafi- tycrfeelethekirnels, and groffe matter which is about the rootes of his tongue, by which you know when a horfe is cleane, when not cleane, when hee hath a coldc and when no colde. Laftly,.you fhall take his tayle in your hand, andftretchingitdowneftraight by his hin- der legg, with your (heares elippe it clofe by the vpper Part of his hinder heele, then taking a wet mayn-combe, and a wet fpunge-combe, firft his fore-top downe, then his mayne, and laftly the vpper part of his tayle from the letting on thereof, to the vttcrmoft end of the fhort haires. When this is done, and your ftable fwept and made cleane againe,it will be at leaft pad three a clocke, at which time I would haue you fetch in a cleane peala of water, and place it as you did before, then put your great fpungethereinjand your mayne-combe alfo; then lay your writhen ftrawroapes, and your haire-cloath in fame place adioyning vnto you, then pull yourwifpes onebyoneframyaurfurfingle, and open euery wifpe, and mixe the ftrawe with the litter, and not as {loathful! fCeepers doe, make your wifpes laft a weeke together, fo that
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................T-t.,i- II L 1 ■■■ *' ■"' *">
I
22 The fift<B&ofa
that a horfc had as good lye vpon ftones,asvpon luch
wifpesv thenyouftiallvnbuckleyourfurfingle,8<:roule It vp, that it may be flat andfmoothe, then takeoffhis cloath, and going foorth of the Stable, fhake it and duft it very well, then lapping it vp, lay it by, and as you did dreflejtrimme and picke your horie in the morning, Co ftull you, without fayling in any one point, dreffehirn in the euening, and cloath himagainc as before; then combe downe his fore-top, his mayne, and the vpper part of his tayle, with a wet mayn combe; then water him and giue him prouender, make cleane your Stable and piaunchers, giue him ftrawe into his racke, & fo let him reft till eight aclocke at night, at which time you {hall litter him, & fo let him reft till next morning. Thefe three daies being (pent in this order,your horfc
will haue emptied all his graffe, and his belly will beta- ken vp well within his ribbs, fo that now you may both alter his keeping and dreffing;wherfore the fourth day by fixea clockein the morning; I would haue you come into the Stable, and as you did the former dayes, firft fhake vp his litter, and make cleane both his racke and maunger, bring in your cleane water, wet his watering Snaffle, put it on his head,turnc him about, tyehim vp, pluckeouthis wifpes, folde vphisfurfingle and take off his cloath, then you (halltakea currie combe made an- fwerabletothecoatc and skinneof your horfe,as thus: if your horfc haue a thicke rough coate and a foule skin, then the teeth of your currie combe dull be made fom- whatlongandfharp:ifhis coate be fmooth,& his skin cleane,then the teeth fhall keep their lengthjbut be fllde very blunt, but if his coate be like a Moufe coate, exeed- ing thinne andfmoothe, and his skinne very tender, as |
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^________Yhefift cBooke. ii
*0r the mod partBirbaries^enetSjZndfttrktsare, then the
teeth fhall bee very thicke, yet both fhort and blunt. With your Currie-combe in your right hand, and your *ace being placed againft your horfesface, you (halllay your left hand vpon the tide of his brydle, and fetching y°ur{iroake from the roote of the horfes earc, to the letting on ofhisnecketohisfhoulder, you fhallcurric him with a good hard hand, notleauinganiepartofhfs ttecke vncurryed, then turning your face about, and placing the fide of your bodie totheiideoftheHorfe, laying your left hand vpon his backe, you (hall fetch your ikoake from the top of his wythers, downe to the neatherpartof the pitch of hisfhoulder, and at cuerie fecond or third ftroake , you fliall ftrike your combe be- fore and about his breaft,and thus you fhall with a more moderate and temperate hand currie his fhoulder, halfc breaft and leggdowneto hisknee, but in any wife no lower •, then you fhall with a like moderate hand, currie his backc,fide,flanke and that part of his bellie where his garthes reft, as for the chyne of his backe, and the barre pare of his bellie next vnto his (heath, thac you fhall currie with fuch a gentle and light hand as is poffible ; then with a hard hand againe, you fhall cur- rie all his buttocke and thigh clofe downe to his Cam- brels but no further : hauing donne thus much vpon one fide, you fhall then currie him as much vpon the other fide. Now you fhall obferue, that whileft you currie your
Horfe,ifheckeepeafridgingvpanddowne, or offer to byte, ftrike, or bee impatient, that then it is a fignc your Currie-combe is too iharpe,and you rnuft amendit,bnt if you findc his vncomeii leife onely proceedes from JL1 tick-
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24- cl befift "Booty.
ticfclifhnefle or delight, which bee takes in the fn&ion,
you fhall then euer when you curriehim haueafmall fticke in your left hand , and with it correct him for his wantonnes. Hauingthus curried him all ouer the body and raifd vp the daft^ you fhal then take a dead horfe taile nay I'd about a handle of wood, and withitftrikeoff all the duft which your currie-combe railed vp: then you fhal take a round rubber jwhich rubber is around peecc of wood all ftucke as thick-as may bee with round tuftes of Swyncs bridles cutclofe and eeuen within a ftrawe bradthor more ofthe wood, and hauinga loopcoflea- ther on the backefide, through which you muftthruft your hand, Co that therubber may lye in thcvery palme of your hand. This rubber (butthatit is round and the briftles fhorter ) is in ailpointes like a common rub- bing brum with briftles s fuch as are vfed about foule garments: with this rubber youfhall eucrieyour Horfc ouer in all pointcs as you did with your curric-combe, only your hand fhalcarry all one^weight & temper,and ifyourHorfebeefofinelyskinn'd that hee will notin- dure any currie-combe at all (as there bee many) then this rubber fhall feme inftead thereof;; When you hauethus gone ouer him with your rubber, you (halt then with your horle tayle ftrike away thedult the fe- cond time j then you fhall take your wettfpunge, and firft wetting his face andchcekes, you fhall with youff- handesrubbeit drie againc; andnotlcauewhileftyou difcerne a loofe haire to come away : then yon fhall looke about his eyes,his noftrels, vnder his chappes,and about his foretop, fiofyoufindeanyfupcrfluoushaires' or otherwife,which grow out of order, you fhall either pluck thcm.avyay?or with your Sizers cut then>jci order. TbiX
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Tbefift 'Boofy. 25
TlTiTdone, you (hall with your wett fpungc and your
handesgoc ouer all his body, not leauing whileft any loofe hayrcs will come away (as was declared vnto you in the third dayes dreffing) you fhall with you* wett handesrubbe his eares, both within and without alfoj. firftmakingthemwett, and then rubbing them dne a- ■gainc: you (hall alfo not omit with your wett handes,to clcnfc his(heath,hisyardeand his cods. Thisdone,you fhaltakeacleane wollencloath ofcottcn,andtherwith- allbeginning at his face, you (ball foprocecde and rub 'the horfes necke and body all ouer, efpecially betwecne his fore-legs or forc-boothes,vnder his belly, betweenc his flanke and his body,and vpon the chine of his backei then you fhall take a haire-cloath, and therewithal! rub him all ouer likewifc, but efpecially in the places before rehearfed: this being done,you (hall fpread your haire- cloath ouer his buttockes, and then lay on his cloath vpon him againe, and hauing girded the furfingle, you fhall ftoppe him withwifpes as was before declared: then you fhall take a wett mayne-combe and combe downehis fore-toppe,his mayne and his tayle, then you fhall take a pealeof faire water, and putting his tayle thereinclofe to his midd ftcrneor docke, you (hall with your hand* wafh it very clcane, then taking it out of the peale, you (hall wring out all the water from the haire into thepealc again,thcnyou (hall tye vp his taile in tea or tweluefeuerallhankcs, that it may drie againe 5 this done,youlhalltakefuchhardwrithenftrawe-roapes as was before declared5rub and chafe exceedingly both his
fore legs from .the knee downward, euentothecronets of his hoofes, & likewife his hinder-legs from the cam- brels to thehoofes alfo3picking and rubbing hisfewter- Ll z ;lockes
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i6 "TbefiftBooly,
lockes with your fingers, leaning neither dufV.durr, nor
any skirffe within them, then tub both with the roapes and with your hand his pafterncs betwixt hisfetlockes and his heeles,.then take a haire-doach kept onely of pur* pofe, and as you rubb'd hislegges with the hard roapes, Co rub them with the haire-cloath alfo, then take vp his feete, and with an yron made for the purpofe, pickeall his foure feete betweene thefhoocs and his hoofes as cleane as may bee, then flop them clofe and hard either with Cow dung, orelfe with Hogs-greafcand brannc molten together j then annoint the outride andcronets ofhis hoofes with the oyntmcnt before declared , then wafhing your hands cleane,combe down his mayneand tayle with a vvett mayne-combe , then water him,and Co turne his head to the manger, and put on his coller,thcii if hee be a great horfe3you fhall lift in a liuehalfe a pecke of Peafc andOates mingled, or elfe cleane Oates, which is the fourth part ofhis allowah.ce5andthe maunper be- ing made cl:ane,guie them hi'rrtto eate, but if he be buc an ordinary gelding, then a quarter of a pecke is fuffici - crit, which is the fourth part of his allowance alfo, and whileft he is eating his prouender you fhall make him » bottle of fweet hay fomwhat bigger then a penny bottle in an Inne, and put it into the racke, then (weeping the flablecleane,youmay let your horfe reft till noone- No w if it bee eitherHunting horfe or Running horfe
that you keepe, you fhall when you are ready to depart out of the ftablc put downe thelk ter vnder your horfe, and then fliutting the windowes clofe, depart: In which abfenttimeyoumuftbufieyourfelfein making your hay bottles,or ftraw bottles for litter,or if your horfe be too fatandpurfie^by mingling wheat ftraw& hay together |
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(befift'Boo^e. 27
: for vow hor'cHo eate, or prousding fuch-necefiaric irru
pigments as are to beevledinthettaWe. Attweluea >clocke at noone you fhali come into the ftable, and fifft haumg £wcpttt,andrnadeitveriecleane, you (ballthen ■take af&irelinnen cloath,white wafhn,and therewith firft trubbeyour horfesface and necke, then turning vp his •cloath, rub downe his btittockes, his flankes, and leskes, then turne his cloath down againe, and then with warm /B-'ecfc-broth(which is neuer wanting in great mens hou~ fcs) faatheh'isfofe-icggesfrom the knee downward,and his hinder legges from the cambrel downeward, bu:if you wanthecfe-brotb, then takeTraine-oyle, Sheepes- iQotoylc3orNeatesJootoyle5forany ofthemisveryfo- uerainejeither if your horfes legs beftirTe and vnnimble, or ifthey be fubiett to fwcll, or if his greafe haue beenc rmolt.cn in them. When this is done, you (hall fi-fr him into a fine another halfepecke or'quarter of a peckeof •Oates,accordingto your allowance, and giue them him -to eate j then hauing made cleane the Stable, letyouc horfe reft till three a clocke in the afternoone. No w you fhall vnderftand,that if your Horfe bee ofa
tender and daintte ftomacke, and that hce is verie apt to •grow gaunt,and to loofe his belly, or if he beleane, then Iwouldhaucyou to offer your horfe at noone alitde Water alfo,but nor other wife 5 at three a clocke in the af- ternoone I would haue you affoone as you bane made your ftable cleane, to vncloath your hor(e,and to currie, ru^b3picke,drcffe and trimme your horfe in euery point ^ you did in the morning : thee to water him s and to §lue him another fourth part of hi-s allowance afpro- uende'r>& another bottle of hay,and fo ro let him reft till eight a clock at m^h.t,at what timcyoufhal corns to him LI 3 and
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z8 V;befift<Boo{e.
andinallpointesasyouvfedhim at tweluc a cloeke at
noone,fo you (hall vfe him at that time; then putting downe his litter,and making his bedjand giuing hirri the laft fourth part of his allowance of prouender, and hay toferuehimforallnightj let him reft till the next mor- ning. After the order that you haue fpent this day,you fhall fpend euery day whilcft your horfercftes without exercife,that is to fay,dreffing him twice a day morning and cueningi and feeding him fourc times a day,that is, morning, noone,euening and night, as for his water ic muftbee according to the constitution of his body : If hee be fat and foule, twice a day is fufficient: ifofreafo- nablc temper thrice: if leane &weakc,thenfoure rimes. Euery Keeper ftiall obferue, by no meancsto come to his Horfe fuddainly or rafhly, but flrft to giiic him war- ning, by crying ware I fay 9 or Holla^ or fueh like wordes: hee fhall neuer come or ftand direcllybehinde a Horfe, but alwaies vpon one fide or other; if your horfe bee of bolde or fierce courage, you ftiall euerkeepeapaireof pafternes made of ftrong double leather, and lyn'd with cotten,put through two tournels fixt to achaine tweluc inches long, about his fore-Iegges vnderneath hisfet> lockes: If your horfe haue a quallity that hee will either; tearehiscloath or pull his wifpes outofhisfurfinglc, you (hill then tye a long ftaffe alongft his nccke^thc one end being made faft to his colier^hard by therootesof his earfejthe other end to the furrragle clofe by the vpper wifpes, fo tbathe cannot writhe or turne his head back* ward; ifyour horfes mayne bee too thicke or ilfauour'd- ly grownc j you may with a tafler made of yron with three or fdure teeth,make it both as thinnc as you pleafc and lay it vpon which fide .of his necke you pleafe. |
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Thefift^Booke. ip
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And thus much for the Drefling and Trimming of a
Horfe, durirfghis time of reft: which method if you di- ligently obferue,you fhall bee fure to haue his coate as fmoothandflcekeasgla{Te,and his skinnefo pure and clcane that(did you rub him therewith) hee would not ftainea garment of vcluet. |
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Chap. 5.
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Of a Horjes Uhom orexercife^ndkmbefbdUbeordered
when be ts tourneyed. Nder thistytle of Excrcife I intend to figure thofe
moderate andhealthfull motions, which increa- sing the naturall heate of thofe moouing partes which fuftaine the body3 giue both ftrength and liuely- hood to all the inward Organs and veffels of life, as when a man either for his owne pra&ifc, or to continue his horfe in thofe leffons which he hath formerly learnt, or when hee would procure his horfe an appetite, or giue him the benefite of the freftiayre, he doth in the morning ride him not till hee fweace, but till hee haue brought him to the point of fweating, and this excrcife dooth the mod belong to great Horfes trayned for fer- uiceintheWarres. Now vnderthis tytle ofLabour,Icoprehend ajlnecet-
fary trauell or iourneying,wherein being drawne by our worldly bufincs, we arcfore'd to trauell our horfe both to the d'ecay or hazard either of his ftrength or courage. Now for thefe two, namely Exercife which doth the BioreitisYfedibrinfftheborfemoreftrengthandvigor; LI 4 w*
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^o *IhefifMooise.
.and labour which the more it is vied, the Weaker and
faiiuerit makes hinr,4oih belong two feuerall orders of- gouernment orkeeping; if therforc your change berhei keeping of a great Horfe whofeexerciie is but to be rid>' t'en an hoiireortwoeuery other mor-ning,you iliaiithus- prepare him thereunto :at eight a clock at night,which, is the night before your horfe is to bee exercifed; after you haue made cleane your Stable, rubbed your horfe with your cloathes, and littered him , you fhall then fife him a double alio wance of prouender, thati#to fay,th at which is due to him at that rime, and a!fo that whicrthe fhouldhaue the next morning-; then looke what hay you did ordinarily allowe him other nightes,you fhall nowgiuchimhalfeforhuchthis-nig'u, and lo lechi/ri reft till flue oftheclocke the next morning, at what time as foone as you rife (hauing made cleane ytmr (table) and put vphis fitter; you fhall wee his watering fnsfHet and put it on, and turne' him about, then looting his fur- fingle, and taking o'iThis cloathj firft with a haire-cloatfi
nibbehis face, necke3 and bodfe all oner, then with a> Woollen'death, and a Jinnendoath doe rhelike, efpeci- allierubbe hisleggespaffing well; then take his Saddle^ hauingthree garthes, andapaire offuificientilirrops, andftirrop-leathers 3 andfetit vponthe horfesbackcin due-phce, that is,(ifrhe horfe beenotlow before)ra- ther more forward then backeward , and gird it on in this manner: take the garth which is fafi to the formoft tabbe of the right fide ,-and buckle it to the hindmofl tabb on the left fide,and thehindmoft garth on the right fide, to the formof? tabbe on the left fide, and the mid- dle garth to the middle tabbe on both fides, and this is sailed croife girding,beiag the comlyeft/ureftand-Ieafi feurcfull'
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"lb- fin &&?%& 51
ili manner of girding, for it-galles'thclead,and.
:s the faddlc failed ; you fh^i not at the-firflgird ■• heshard , hut infuch fortetliac the Hdrfe any: ^>le thern andno more ■:. this doneyyoii'fhaU buckle on1 hisbreaft'plate,andhiscroopcr,mak!ngchcn)ofcquall feaitueffe: then you fhall lace on his faker or docke, and toake faft his twin fell to the hnldjrab-il garth on the left "fide-, then .with. awettniayne-Cornbc^ combe devvne his foretoppeand raaynCj and then throwing his cloatb o- usrhim.^ hit him (land til! you haiie warning to bring him to his Ryder,at what time you (ball rake his b jtr,and • hauingboth thcChaule-band-, and the-nofe-band open,T and tbeJtnrbe loofb; yon'ihali fidtwettit in ape-ale of cleaaewater,then laying the reyneouer your left arinej . you fhall take the vpper part of his heacf flail into your righriiand , and laying t&e mouth of the bits vpon your'- left hand betweene four thumbeahdyourlittle finger, youfhallputthebitttohismouth^andbythruftingyour thumbe and little finger betwixt hischappes, compelF - himto open-hismouch, -and to receiue the bitt which: by obkruing this order, hee can iVei*-h-ervvill nor chufc but doe : when the bitt is in his mouth, you'{Hall then bucklehis Nofe-band„Ghauls.band,and Kurbe inthofe due places, as youhauefeens his Ryder formerlie doe j then you fhall wen his-for:e-topj and\\indVit vnder the' forehead-band of his hcadftall 5 then hiring eomb'd his mayneagaine,anddrawn'e his garthes totheirplaces, you (laairbuckle a paire of large clofe fpeclacles made of , $rong leather before his eyes, which will occafion hi in- to lead quietly: then with your right hand you fnal"; himbytheleftiideoffheheadftallctofevponthc.l'orti^ motuhj and with your left hand holde both the reynes- |
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31 ThefiftjBookf.
< clofe together hard by the bitt, and fo going clofc by his
left (houider, lead him either to the blocke, or to fuch place as the rider ihalfthinkc conuenient3 then as foonc as the rider hath put the reynesoucr the horfes necke, you (hall prefently (hift your right hand to the rigfec fide of theheadftall, and laying your left hand vpon the right ftirrop leather, you (hall whilft the rider mounts the horfes backe ftay the Saddle that it fwarue not; then when the rider is fetled, you (hall vnbucklethc fpeclacles, and take them away, referring the Horfe to the difcretion oftheRider. As foone as the horfe hath bcene exercifed fufficient-
ly, and is brought home, the rider (hall no fooner dif- mount hisbacke, and deliuer him into your hand, but you (hall firft vnloofe his Kurbcs and then prefently lead Mm into the ftable, for of all things I cannot indurethis walking of Horfes, knowing that it was a cuftome firft foolifhly inucnted, and now as vnprofitably imitated', for there is not any thing which fooner makes a horfe take cold, or brcedes worfe obferuations in the body then this cooling of horfes by-walking. When you haue brought your horfe into the ft able,wherc you mud haue formerly prouided great ftorc of drie litter, turning his head downe from the maunger, and hanging the reynes of the bitte vpon fomehookefor the purpofe, you (hall firft rubbe his face, then his necke, fore-boothes, beiley, flancks, and legges with drie ftrawe, (bcleaneasmay be; then with a wollen cloath you (hall rubbe him all o- Ueragaine,notkauingany place which he hathwette with fwcate till it be as drie as may be; then you (hail loofe his garths to their vtmoft length, and thruft round £bouc betwixt his garthes and his body as much drie itrawe
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cIhefftcBQol<e. tf
^ravvc as you can conucniently getin,thenvnlacehis
*aker and take it away, rubbing the docke of his tayle dry With a wollen cloath, then caft his cloath oucr the Sad- dle,then take off his bitt and put it into apeak of water, then wafh his watering fnaffle and put it on,tyehimto theringes, and fo let him ftand foratleafttwohoures, during which time you (hall take bis bitt out of the wa- ter, and with a drie linnen cloath rubbe it as drie as may bee,and then hang it vp: you (hall alfo wipe his faker Vvithin,foldeYp theftringes,andlay it by alfo. Now when your Horfe hath ftoode vp thus vpon his
brydle at leaft two or three houres,andisfufficiently cooled,you (hall then come to him, and firft takingoff his cloath, you (hall loofehis garthes,and take away his fadle, which done, you (hall firft with drie ftrawc, and then with drie cloathes rubb his backe till there bee not one wet haire left,then you (hall lay on his cloath again,, and girding it flacke with the furi'ingle, you (hall ftoppe him round about the body with great wifpes : then you (hall with hard wifpes of ftrawe, and woollen cloathes, rubbc all hisfoure legges exceedingly, then combe hjs auyne and tayle with a wet mayn-eombe , take off his fnaffte,turne him to the maunger, put on his coller, fife and giue him his allowance of Oates, and putting a bot- tle of hay in his racke, let him reft with his litter vndee him till the euening : then you (hall hang the Saddle Where the Sunne (hines hotteft that the pannel may dry, andiftheSunneihinenot,then you (halldrieitbefore thefire,and then with afmall fticke beatthe pannel,and ; make itfoft; you (lull alfo rub the ftirrops,ftirrop-lea- thers5garthes,and cuery buckle aboutthe Saddle excee- ding cleane : then in the. cuehing about foure of the clockq-
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s
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ydockc'yov, (hsllcxrrcicydt: iTc,rub,piYke, anoyat,- waief
-.and fted him, as hath bene formerly fhc wed you in his daies of reft, keepingeuery tittle, & euery obkruatibn Nowifyourhorie benot forexercifebutforlabour,
;gnd. journeying about your worldly buiineiTo^yow fhai then thus prepare him,firft the night before you are. to take your iourney about eight of trie dockets (ome as you haue made cleane your liable, rubd and littered ■^aurhorfe, you (hail* firft giue him ss much water as he will drink?vthen a double allowance of prouender, and as much hay as he-wiilcomienienrlycate, then you 'dial! annoynt alibis foure legges with trayne oyle, and fee that his ihooes.be good, ilr-cng, tough, eaMevandhis fftetervyell ftopt, andfo let him reft till very early in the morning, at what time you (hall curryeanddreiTehira as fufficiently as in any of his dayes of reft;then you fhall jgird on the faddieia whichyou meaneto ride, which would bee, both eafie, light, andfquare, eafie for your pw'ne feate, light that it may not fodainely make the horfc fweate, andfquare that it may not pinch, gall^oc wound him j when he is fadled you fhall giue him a lit- tle water, but nothing nere fo much as he would drinke, and his full allowance,of-prouender, which as fooneas he bath eaten}you fhall bridle him vp,and truffe his tayle Ihort aboue his houghes, and lb let him Hand till you be ready to take your iourney. After yui are mounted you fhall for the firfthoure or
two in your iourney ride very temperately, as not a* bouc three miles an. hour'e, in which time your horfe will be reafonably emptied, and then you may pu claim foorth as your iourney requires, it: fhall- bee good if in youriourney you cometo the deicciu of any great bill to
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^___ TkfiftcBoo%e. <5
to light from your horfcs baeke. and r.o walke down the
^ehiilafootejtaking occafion by (landing ftill a while, cf by whittling to fee ifyourhorfe will piffe, which if he retufe to doe, then it fhall be good for you your feife to pitle vnderthe horfes belly, 8t it wiii without allqucvti- °nprouoke your hotfetopide, youfhal! inyourtrauel- lingasneereasvoucankeepeone certainepacein your traueli, and not one while gallop, another while amble °r trot,and another while go foot pace, or ftand ftill/ot there is nothing which either fooner tyres a horfe or Stings him to iurfeites,or takes from him delight in his labour. When you come within two, or three, or foure, miles of the Inne where you meane to reft all night,you fhall in the comrenienteft place you can finde, as either in fome running brooke or riueryor fome faire frefn pondjWiteryoirr horfe,fufferinghimtodrinke as much as he will, and in this watering of your horfe you fhall obferue to ride him into the water a handful! at the moft aboue the knees, and no further, forto ridehfmvnder the knees will indanger the foundring him in hisfcete, and to ride himvpto the beliey will hazard foundring him in the body. After you hauewatred your horfe you dial gallop him
gently vpon the hand for twtke fcore? or there abour, and then in his ordinary iournying pace, ride him to his Inne,andasfooneas you areiigbced,prefendy fet your horfe vp into the ftable, by no meanes (although it bee the general cuftome of our Nation)fnfreringanyO!ll:rs or idle boy es towafhhim, fork istheonely venemous poyfon & worfteuillyoucanbeftowe vpon your hotfes body^fometimes foundringhim, fometimesthrufting.^ him into she fitts. of an Ague, and when it workes the! |
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76 UjCJ jt'&OOtj!.
beft yet it ftrikes fuch an inward cold into his bodie th at
the Horfc is worfe therefore fometimes for a years after: when you haue (ct your horfe vp, tyed his head to the emptie rackc, and put great ftore of litter vnder him, you fhall then firft with drie wifpes rubbe his bejlie, fore-boothes, and vnder his flancks betwixt histhighes and body, then fhall you rubbe all his fourelegges paf- iing cleane with your hands wet in water, fcowrjhgall grauell and durt both out of his Fetlocks, Paftetne, and euery other crannie which is about any ioynt, efpeci- ally atthebottomcof hisbreftbetweenehis fore-legs, and betwixt his ribs and his elbo wes, and alfo betweenc his flanck and his body, then with drye wifpes you fhall rubbe and make cleane his face, head, necke, buttockcs, and euery other membcr,not leauing whilft thereis one wettehayre about him, then fhall you with drye wifpes make cleane his ttirrops and ftirrop leathers, andvriloo- fing his garths one by one, make them cleane alfo, then making your houfing cloath ready (without which i would haue no keeper to ride if his horfe be of any efti- mation) take offyour faddle,and with drye ftrawe rubbe his backe very-foundly, then laying a good deale of ftrawevpon his backe, gird his cloath ouer it with your furfingle, and flop him round about with great wifpes, then you fhall vhloofe his tayle, and if it bee durty you shall wafh it in a pcale of water, and after you haue Vvrungit well you fhall tyea great wifpe of ftra we with- in it, tokeepe it from his Iegges. If you haue no houfing cloath for your horfe then youfhall not fo fodaicly re- Itiooue your Saddle, but after your horfe is fufficiently rubd you fhall then ftop his garthes with great wifpes round about. Many Horfc-men vfe as foone as they J bring |
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IhefittHooke* xl
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fcnng their Horfe into theStab!e,to knit a thur.ibe roape
°f hay or ftraweasitrake as may bee about thevpper partofthehorfesdocke, and doe imagine it will pre- terue-him from taking colde, and doubdeffe it is vcrie good indeed. After yourHorfe is in this wife rub'd,dry'd, and clen-
&drVom fweate and nlthineffe, you fhall then take vp hisfoure legges one after one,and with anyron pick all thedurt and graucll from betwixt his fhooes and his *eete, and then ftoppe them vpclofc with Co we dung, then you fhall put into his rackc a penny bottle of hay °n which you fhall let him to wfe and pull, with his bry- dlc in his mouth ftilljWhileftyou fhakevp hislitrerhan- lomly about him,'t3ke your faddle, and if the pannel bee Wettjdrie it by fome fire, then with a fticke beate it and make it foft,then pull off your owne bootes ,and refrefh your felfe to your owne contentment, in wfeichbufines hauing imployed your felfe an houreor more, then come into the ftable and take your horfes brydlc and put °nhis coller, then wafh the bittorfnaffle in fai re water j, ^neitwithalinnenor wollen cloath3 and fo-hangitvp hanfomly ;then after your horfe hat eaten hay a quarter °fanhoureormore, yon fhall in a fmefifthimhalfea Pccke ofcleane Oates, or Peafe and'Oates, which your "°^e likes better, and giuethem him, then if thee haue ^atenallhishay, you fhall giue him another bottle, and to let him reft nil your felfe haue flipped. After fupper- yt>»fliallcorne to your Horfe and turne vp his cloath cu.en tohisfurfingie, and either witfrahaire-cloath or Wlthdriewifpes,you fhall rub hisbodie alloirer, efpe- ciallte vnder his belly andbetweenehis leggs • then you?* nalllooke Vpon his backc, whether your faddle haue pinchti
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«
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18 TbefffiJo^.
pincht or wrung his backc, and if ithaue, you (hall la?
a little wert hay vpon thcfwelling, andprcfentliecaufs iomc Sadler to mend your faddle , then you thall looke if the heateof your (addle haue not raifed any warbles or little knots vpon his backe, which is verie common with fat horfes, and ifithaue,youfhall bathe them with a little Sacke heated in a faucer,and they will be well the next morning. This done, you (hall lift him anpthct halfe pecke of Oates,and giue them him,then whilft hec is eating them,you (hail with hard drie wifpes, rubbe all his foure Icgges as drie as may be, and then take a quart ofmans vrine,and put thereto foure ounces of falt-pee- ter, and hauingboyl'd them vpon the fire, and ftirred it well together,take it off, and Seeing reafonablc warme, bath all his Icgges therewith exceedingly : then let him ftand for an hourc or two after, then youfhalltakea Peale-full ofcolde water, andput thereto as much hott water as will make it Luke warme, and fogiueityour horfetodrinke : then fife him another halfe peclce of Oates,and giue them him : then giue him as much hay as will feme him all night, the proportion whereof you may geffe by his former keeping ; and putting his litter clofeand warme about him, let him (land till the next morning, at what time (according to the hafte of your affaires) youfhallcotnetohim cither earlyer or later, and the firft thing you doe after you haue put away his dung, you fhall put off his cloarh,and curne,rubbe, and drelTe him fufficiently,and in fuch manner as hath beenc formerly declared vnto you : then cafthiscloath ouer him, aad let it hang loole about him, then bring him a little colde water, and let him drinke, but not halfe fo much as hee would 5 then giue him another halfe pecke |
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_________1 befift "Boo^e.________39
£f Oatcs, and whileft hec is eating them put on youc
hootes, and prepare your fclfe for your iourney, which done, come to your Horfe 5 and if hee haue eaten his Oatcs,then you (hall faddle himjtrulTc vp his tayle, bry- jjlchim,andtyehimvp to the bare rackc, hauing takea his hay a way, then take vp all his foure fcctc, and plucke °«t the Cowedung wherewith you (topped them and Pickc them exceeding cleane j then let him fUnd till yon bcrcady for your iourney. Now if it be fo that the occasion of your tourney be fo
great, that you cannot obferue any trauelling pace, but are forc't to gallop your horfe at lcaft t wenticor thirtic, opfortie mile together; in this cafe, I would not haue you by any meanes to water your horfe brfore you come to your Inne, but hauing fct him vp warme, and rubbed him drie, as is before fhewed ; you (hallthen before you giuc him hay,or any thing elfc, take a pinte of very good Sacke, and warming it luke warme, giueityour Horfe with a hornc, and fo let him reft halfeanhoure after, and then giuc him hay, and order him as was be- fore fhewed, onelic in ftcadc of warme water late at night, you (hill giue him a warme mafti of Maultand Water, forthat with the helpc of traucll,will bring away his molten greafci if the next day following you are to fide him as violently alfo; you (hall then when you are rcadie to take his backe, giue him a pinte of Sacke and Sugar-xandic wellbrew'd together, andinyourtrauell cucr fauour him as much as you can in the beginning, a"d put him foorth as violently asyouplcafe at thclat- tcrend of your iourney. If you happen vpon fitch an Jnnc where you can neither get Sacke nor Sugar-can- die, then if you take ftroug Ale brewed with great Mm ftore
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40 yhefift'Booie.
ftoreofGinger,Sinnamon,it will bee as good.
If your horie bee of a tender and daintie itomacke, fo
thathee will refufe his prouender( as for the moil part hot mettald horfes and young horfes vnacquainted with trauell will doe) then you mlift take the greater prunes, and be euer feeding them, neuer giuing them a- boue an handfull at once, till they haue eaten to your contentment. You fhall alfo change their meate oft, as thus rafter an handfullofcleane Oates^ybu ("hall giue an' handfull ofPeafc and Dates j and afterpeafe andoates, halfe a dozen bits of bread. And thus by alteration of foode you fhall both make your horfe eate well, and alfo ftrengthen his appetite : but if contrarie to this, your horfe bee both a greate earer, andagrofle, then you fhall feede him fo oft, and with fuch large proportions, thatyou bring him to ftand and blow vpon his meate as it lyes before him. But this you muft not doe by no meanesfuddenly,oratone time when your horfe is hun- grie, for chat were to kill him, or make him furfeit : but you muft doe it by fuch Jeafurabletimes,that nature ha- iring no more then fhe is able to difgefi, may in the end = come to be orderly fatisfied: at what time, and not be- fore, you may bee allured your horfe is in pcrfit ftrcngth. and keeping. Thefirtr principall note or rule which eucry good Kee-
per fhall obferiie when he comes into any ftrangeftable, is with his o wne hands to deanfe the racke from all duft, filtb,hay,erhay-feedes, and to rnb the maunger alfo as clean as may be in euery part, leaft any infe&ious Horfe haueftood there before, which is mod dangerous: and for preuention whereof I would euer haue you in an Inne.to letyour horfe eate .his prouendcr in a Skuttell, |
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9/.
cl.hefft€Boot$. 4.
°r fomc other cleanly veflell,and not in the maunger.
How laftly,where as the moil of our Englifii trauellers doc vfc (efpecially in the Summer) tobaite or reft their horfes at the noon time of the day,fuppofing it prepares them the better for their iourney : although I know the heateoftheday is troublelome, both tothehorfeand •nan: yet I know thefe baytings are much more trouble- Ibmc, neither would I haue any man to vfe them s for when the horfc hath his limbeschafce and heated with his trauell,and then is fet vp till they be growne ftiffe and colde, and (6 prefently put to his labour againc, then I fay the very painc and griefc of his limbes doe fo trouble him. thatexcepthebeeofan extraordinary fpirit, hee Will be much fubiecT: to faintneffe in trauell; befidesto make your horfc iourney continually vpon a full fto- macke is both painfull, and breedesficknes; wherefore I conclude,thefc baytes are good for none but Carriers and Poulters jades, whofe labours not being abouc foot pace, may euer like AlTes haue their prouendcr baggs ac their nofes. And thus much touching a Horfes exercife and labour. |
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Chap. 6.
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OfSleepng^Vaking^Fulne[[e^niEm^tineffe.
SLeepein a Horfe(as in cuery other beaft which hath
moouing) is amoft neceffarie and efpeciall thing, neither can a Horfe liuc without it, wherefore it is the place and office of cuery good Keeper, to haue a careful! regard to the reft of his Horfe, and to note Mm z both
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q.z "IhefifvBoo^e.
both after what manner he fleepeth andhowlonghee
fleepeth : for if aHorfefleepcvcriemuch* it is a great figne ofdulnefle, and fluxc of groffc and colde humour* in the braine: but if he fleepe for the moll part ftanding, it is a token that he hath fbme inward pain e in his backe, orbodie,and fearcth to lie downc, lead hee cannot rife againe without much torment: If a Horfe Uc much, yet flcepc but a little, it is a figne of weake ioymesyfrettized feete,orlimbes beaten with traucli: iftheHbrfc neither ilcepc3nor lie much,butas it were wake conrinually,it is a figne the Horfe hath both a pained bodie, andatrou- bled minde,infomuch that he cannot poffiblic line long, both becaufehee wantes that which giucth the grcateft ftrength to Nature, and alfo the chicfeft meanetboth of blood and difgeftion*, flcepc being indeede nothing clfe but certaine fwecte vapours, which afcending from the heart, mimbes the braine, and keepes the body for a time fcncclefle-, fo that euery keeper fhould hauea carefull eye ouer his Horfc,to fee how he flecpes,whcn, and how long time: then how he wakes,when he wakes, and after what manner hee wakes, for if he wake much, his braine is difeafcd,if hee wake often or fuddainty,his heart,Iiuer,or ftomacke is grieued; and if hee wake fei- dome or with much adoe,then his whole powers arc o- uercome with fomecolde humour. Next vnto thefc obleruations,the carefull keeper Avail
looke to his horfes fulnes5or the filling of his belly, I doe not meane thofc phificalf fillings which confift in hu- mours either generally or particularly distributed ouer the bodie,confifting in quantitic or qualitic,forthey are obferuations fit for the farryer; but to that fulnes which oncly confiftcth in the exctfle of mcatc, wherefore |
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*ThefiftcBoo{e. 4 J
the keeper (hall note well the temper of the horfes fee-
ding, that is, whether hee fillfuddainly or (lowly and ac- cording to his filling, fo to temper his dyet, and to giuc himthelefleor the more meate according to his appe- tite, keeping the grofTe horfe emptie the longer before bis trauel^and the tender horfe with meate till your foot be readie to be thruft into the ftirrop, for the full horfe With fuddaine labour will foonc burft, andtheemptie horfe with much fafting will not bee able to indure any Violence through faintnefle. Nextto your hories filling you (hall note his manner
of emptying, that is the ftate of his bodic,whethcr he be coftjue or fallible, or whether hisvrinehaueafrceor troublefomcpaflage, and bythe rule of them you fhall feedc your horfe more or leffe, as thus,if your horfe be follible or free ofvrine, you through that helpe of na- ture may aduenture to feedc him the harder3 fo r albe he fill much, yet he holdeth not that fulnefle any long fea- fon, but hauing an eafie difgeftion, bringes his bodie foone to a temperate emptinefle : but if hee bee colHue or hauc ftraitc paflage for his vrinc, although fafting be thegreatcftcaufeofcoftiuenes, yet when you prepare your horfe for a iourney, you fhall not necdeto feede him fo extreamly, neither fhall your meatebee for the tnoft part any driefoode but rather moiftwafht meate, of which foodes I fhallhaue caufe to fpeake more large- ly in thebooke of Runninghorfes. Now you (hall vnderftand that fulnes and emptinefle
are phifike helpes one for another, the full horfe beeing to be cured by emptinefle, as fafting, purgation, letting blood, or fuch like : and emptinefle to be cured by ful- nefle, as by reftauration or renewing of thofe powers Mm 5 which
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44- Ihefift'Bookf.
.. —-— ■ ■
which arc decayed; fo that the Keeper carefully obfer-
uingthefe rules, fhallfo quickly perceiue any imperfe- ction in his h orie,that a Height preuention fhall quickly auoide the grcateft mifchiefc. And thus much iox/leepe andfeedi/ig. |
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Chap. 7.
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of the Soylei or [centring Horfes with GraJJ'e^ and of
otherfoodes. ftr* Ouchingtheopinions of Horf-men for the fcov\u
ring of Horfes with grafle, they be diuers and in- tricate > fome holding forrage, which is the blades ofgreencCorne,asofVVheateorBarleytobethcbeft, fome three leaued grafle, fome young thirties, andfuch like, fo alfo there is a difference amongftthem for the time in fcowring j one allowing but fifteene daies, ano- ther a month, and another the whole fummer, neither are they certaine in the place where the Horfe fhould be fcowredjforfome would haue kin the ftable, fomein a large Parke or field, and fome in a little wall'd plot of ground,not aboue the quantitie ofone or two Akers. Now to reconcile all thefc, and to bring them to as
orderly a conformitie, as is fit for a reafoaable vnder- ftanding,I will declare mine opinion. Firft,ifyour horfe bee either Hunting horfe, Running horfe, or one that hath bcenevfed to much trauell or journeying, I holde itverie neceflary thathee befcowred with graffe,either in fomcParke, Clofe, or other fpacious ground, where heemay hauefweet feeding,frefh fpringes, or riuers to drinke at,and good fhelter both to defend him from flics and
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Thefift<Boo{e. 45
\..,_— , ..—— . 1- ..'I- ■■■
andSun-fhine, the time to bee for foure monthes,that
is to fay, from the beginning of May to the end of Au- guft,tn which time hee will not onely fcowre and purge nimfelfe of groflTe and corrupt humours, but alfo after fuch clenfing grow ftrong,fat,and full of health andliue- lineffe recouering by fuch reft and liberty, that weake- neffe, ftifFeneffe,and numbnefle of ioyntes which his la- bour before had brought vnto him. But if yourhorfc be a beaft of great courage, and onely wantonly kept ,ei- ther for your mornings exercife in riding,or for feruicc in the warres,fo that he willneithcrindure with any pa- tience abroad, nor hath beeneput to any fuch extrcami- tiethatheeftandethncedeofrecoucrie : then I would haue you only to put him to the foyle within the houfe, that is to fay, you (ball from the beginging of Iunc till the beginningofluly feed yourHorfe onely withgraffc and no longer ; and during the time, you (hall neither cloath him^drefrehimjnor ride him,only you (halkcepe his planchers cleanefrom dung, and litter him with no- thing but the offall or reffufe graffewhich hee pulls into the maunger,but will not cate: You (hal alfo during this foyle time feede him with prouendcr in fuch fort as yoa did at other times,only I would haue his proueder to be Bean bread well bak'd,as for his grafle,if the firft g.daies of foyle time, you doe giue him forrage 'tis exceeding good, and after the fowreft gralfe you can get, as that which in Orchards growes vnder fruit trees,or elfe fuch as growes in Garden allcyes, for the more fowrcr and courfer the graffeis,the better itfcowrethv^ in this cafe you (hould refpe& no feeding,neither fhould you mow any more grade at one time,then your horfe canconue- nientlie eate in the inftant -, as for making your Horfe to Mm 4 neefe
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4.6 Tbefift<Boo{e.
neefe muchjor to purge his head much by fumigation fn
the foyle it jsneedlefl'e., for the grafle itfelfewilldoeic fufficiently without any other medicine. If your Horfc during his time of being in the foyle, happen to fwcll in bis (heath,or about his cods, it (hall be exceeding good in that cafe once or twice a day, either to fwimme him, or to ride him through fome water that wil reach abouc the horfes middle belly; but for making a daily exercife offwimminghim without any fpeeialloecafion, Idoc greatly difalo w it, for it both ftraines a horfes limbs,and, brings him within the danger of Grampes and conuulti- ons,neither doe Iallow(althoughit be the practife both ofthe//<?//<*#; and fomeofourEnglifh keepers) to giuea horfe when hee is in foyle either fco wring or purgation, as either fodden Rie,Mellons jgreen Figges,theintralles of a Tench or Barbell mixt with white wine, or any fuch like trumperie, for I haue feene where fuch like courfes hauebeenetaken that the Horfe hath falne into fuch an, vnnaturalfcowringjthatno poflible meancs would (top it, till the horfe hath dyed with the violence. Others haue v-fed in the foyle, in ftead of wholfome and drie prouender, which is fitteft to bee mixt with fuchcolde, moift,and raw foode, to giue their horfes either foddeu Bcanes well.fa!ted,and wheat-branne,orColewortsand branne,or elfe boyl'd Bucke, ail which are both vnwhol- fome,fullof rottennes, and breedc many fouledifeafes, wherefore I aduife all Keepers to bee carcfull to efchew them; and rather to take leafurc and feede with fuch foods as are both healthfull and natural,of which kindes you haue had already formerly declared. And thus much touching the Soyle3and the fcowring of horfes in the Summer feafon, Chap. 8.
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Thefift TZookg. 4/7
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Chap, g.
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■■:•
OfthepAffionswhkhdremHorfeSydndthehue which Keepersfbould btare vnto thtm. LEauing to make any philofophkalidifcourfesor to
argue of the paffions orffe&ions which are in hor- fes,howtheyhaue their beginnings from fenfc,and their workings according to the cou.rfe of nature. It is moft certainejthat euery horfe is pofleft with thcfe patfi- QnStLoueJoy^HatetSorrw^n&Feare: the firfttwofprin- ging from the alacritie.chearefulneffej and good difpo- fition of the mindejby which the Horfe is made to be familiar with the man, obedient, kinde and dociblc, the: other three from the corruption and putrifac"tion ofna- ture, by which he becomes fierce, madde, and full of a-; maxement,fo that it is the office of euerie Keeper out of his iudgament and experience to learne to kno we when and at what time his horfe is oppreft ortroubled with the Fluxeofanyof thcle affe&ious, that hee may by the apply ing of fit remedies abate and fuppreffe thenvin the exceffe of their grcatnefie, which nothing doth at any time fooner bring to paffe then the mildenes and gentle difpoficion ofthekeepertowardshishorfe,foritismoft certaine5that whenkeepers of Horfes cither out of their chollerickefurieSjOr ignorant mi£behauiours_, doe any1;! thing about a horfe either rafhly, violently, or with; the vie ofvrineceffarie torment, that they onelyby fuch indifcreiion do create in horfes all thofe cuill afrc&ionsl fro mi
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48 Thefiftc£oo{e.
from whence any reftiffe quallitic doth proceede, and
therefore euery Keeper muft with all lenitie, and fober*
nesboth in wprde and a&ion procure the loue of the
horfe which he keepeth. And yet I doe not meanc thac
a good keeper fhali be altogether fo voidc of indignati'
on,that hee fhaUfuffer his horfe to runncinto any kinde
ofvice, without the touch of correction, for thereby I
haue feenemany horfes fo defolutc and difobedient,that
they haue gone beyond the power of reclayming,
whence it hath come that fome Horfes haue flainc their
Keepers, and fome haue done almoft as cuill in other
courfes. A good keeper therefore muft know when to
correct and when tochcrifh, not giuing either blow or
angry word, but in the inftant of the offence, not to pu-
nifh or ftrike the horfe any longer then whilft his prefent
fault refts in his memory. Alfo I would haue the keeper
to obferue,that where genticneffe and meeknes will prc-
uaile, there by no mcanes to put in any vfe, either terror
or torment, for as the Keepers ereateft labour is but to
procure loue from the Horfe, fo the onely thing that is
pleafant to the horfe,is loue from the Keeper; infomuch
that there muft be a finccre and incorporated friendfhip
betwixt them,orelfe they cannot delight or profit each
other, of which loue the Kcepet is to giueteftimonie,
both by his gentle language to his horfc, and by taking
from him any thing which he fhallbeholdc toannoyof
hurt him, as moatcs, duft,fuperfluoushaires,flyes in
Summer, or any fuch like thing,and by oft feeding him
out of his hand, by which meanes the Horfe will take
fuch delight and pleafure in his keepers company, that
bee fhallneuer approach him, but the horfe will witha
kinde of chearefull or inward neyin g»fhow the ioy hee
takes
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1 he fft "Boo/^e. 4.9
*akes to behold him, and where this mutuallloue is knit
and combined, there the beaft muft needes profper,and the man reape reputation and profit. And thus much for lhe Horles paffions,and the Keepers affections. |
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Chap. 9.
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The Office ojt^eCoichmnn^Andobfermtioits
for displace. THe vfe of Coaches hath not beene of any long
continuance inthiskingdome, efpecially in that general! falhion, as now they are vCcd: for if for- merly they were in the hands, andfortheeafeoffome particular great perfons, yet now either thorough the benefits which arc found by them, or through the vnac- cuftomed f arenefle of them, they are growne as com- mon as hackneyes , and are in the handes of as many as either efteeme reputation, or are numbred in the Cata- logue of rich perfons; Wherfore (ince they are in fuch. generall vfe^and efteemed fuch a gencrall goo£, I thinkc is not fit in this my generall booke of Horf-manfhip, to omit or forget fome neceftary obferuations which are helpefull and needfull to be knowne vnto theskilfuU ^oatch-man, and the rather,.fith thecomodmes which Redound thereby ,are chiefly imployed in the feruices of ladies and Gentlewomen, to whome both my felfe and eueryhoneftman is in his firft creation obliged, yet I doe not meane herein to make any tedious or long dif. c°urfe,either of the benefits of Coatche&,the diuerfities, proportions,fhapes, nor alterations, becaufeeuery vn- ftanding
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50 Ibefift'Booke.
vnderftanding Coach-maker, and cuery feruiceable
Coach-man can giue proofes and reafons of each diffe- rence: neither is my profeffion to meddle with the fhapesoftimber,biu with thenatures of horfes;nor wilt I fpeake of the feuerall cuftomes or fafhions of Julie, or JTtf/wftf^bccaufe as farre as I can iudge, whatfoeuer wee practife in this art of Coach- goucrning is but an imita- tion of the fhapes andchaungesof thofe Kingdomes; therefore for mine owne patt Imeanc heerc'onely to handle fome fewe notes touching the choyce of Coach- horfes, their keeping, and apparaling. Firft then to fpeake of the choyce of Coach-horfes:
Some are of opinion that your FiemiJIiHorfe isthebeft for that purpofe, becaufe he is of ftrong limbes, bath a full breaft, a good chyne, and is naturally trayned vp more to draught then to burthen: others doe preferre before thefe Horfes the Flemijb Marcs ( and I am of that opinion alfo ) both becaufe ofcheir more temperate and coole fpirits, their quiet fociableneffe in company, and their bringings vp, which only is in the wagon, by which meanes trauelling with more patience, thy are eucr of more ftrength and indurnace, yet both thefe horfes and Mares haue their faults euer coupled to their vermes, as firft their paces are for the moftpartfhort trots, which containe much labour in a little ground, and fo bring faintnefTe of fpiritin little iournyes, wher- as indeed a Coach-horfefhould ftretchfoorth his feete, and thefmoother and longer he ftrides the more way he riddes,and the foonercomes tohisiournyes end with- out tyring. Next, their limbes from the knees and Cam- brells downeward are fo rough and hayrie, and the horfes naturally of themfclues fo fubieft to fault and fretting
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The fiftcBGc{e. 51
netting humours in thofe partes, that neither can the
Coach-man kcepe them from the Paints^Scratches, Mul- ktderSySeffanders, and fuch like difeafcs, nor the Farrier °ft times with his beft skill cure them when they arc difeafed. Laftly they are for the moft part of reftyand not fpirits, fo that albe they be cxellent and forward ia the draught, yet in our Englifh Nation amongft our dcepc clay cs and myrie waics, they are not able to con- tinue, but grow* faint and weary of their labour, and it *• cuer a rule amongft them, that after they hauc beene once tyred there is no meanes againc to reftore them to their firft noettall or fpirit. Now to tell you mine opinion which is the beft
Goach horfeeither for ftreetcsof Citties, orioumey- ing vpon the high waies, I hold notany horfe compara- ble either for ftrength, courage, or labour with the large fliap'd Englifh Gelding, for he is asmildeandfo- ciablc as the Flemifh Mare^ more able to indure traucl!, bettcrfhap'd, and longer continues in feruice, for the Mare if (he be proudly kept (as ofneceflky the Coach- rnare rouftbc)fhe will then couet the horfe, and if (he nauc'him and hold to him her ycares feruice is loft, if fhe want him,you (hall either indanger her life with the corruption of her pride, or elfc with Leprofiesbnt if they be fpead or gelt Mares, they be then theworftof alljfor the body and fpirits being fo much ouer-coold ] they arc utterly difabled for any violent extremity : look how much the Gelding isftiortofthe ftond-horfe ineouragc,fomuchis thcfpeadMarcdiort of the Gel- ding: whcrforefortheauoydingofallinconuenieTices, the beft for the Coach is the large, ftrong, Englifh Gel- ding ; the next him - is the Flemish Mare, and the laft is |
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theFiemifh-horfe, the Vvlbndtr is exceeding goc<!,but
heeisfomewhatroo little and too fierce oi-nature, but ior-tyring that wilihee feldomc orneuerdoe,vvithany indifferent order. When you haue detcrinined tou- ching the breede, or race of your Coatch-horfes, you .fhall then looke to their fhapes and colours 5 Firrt for their colours, I haue formerly fhowed you which is the beft, fo that you. fhall obferue that inanycafe(foneare asyoucanchufethem) your Coatch-horfes bee all of one colour, without diuerfitie, and that their marfces or femblances be alfo alike,as thus for example: If the one haue either white ftarre,or white rache,bald face,white foote,or be of pidc colour, that then the others haue the , like alfo. For their fhapes, you fhall chufe a leane pro- portioned head, a ftrong and firme necke, a full, broad, and round out breaft, alimbe flat, fhort ioyntcd, leanc and well hai,red, a good bending ribbc, a ftrong backe, and a round biutocke ; generally they would bee of a broad ftrong making, and of the tailed ftature , for fuch are moftfcruiceable for the draught, and beft able to in- durethetoyleof deepe trauell. Now for the proper- ties, they muft be as nearclyalyed in nature anddifpofi- tion,as in colour,fhapeand height,for if the one be free, and the other dull, then the free horfe taking all the la- bour, muft necelfarily oucr-toyle himfelfe, andfoone both deftroy his life and courage, fo that they muft bee ofalikefpir.it and mettall: alfo you muft haue an efpeci- -ciall regard that their paces bee alike, and thatthconc neither trpt fafter then the other, nor take larger ftrides thenthe other, for iftheirfecte doe not rile from the ground together, there can be no indifferencie or equa- lity in their draught, but the one muft oucr-toyle the other,
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cIhefiftcBoo\r. fi
°ther, whereas indeed they ought to bee ot fuchequall
ftrengthes, paces, and fpirits, that as it were one body their labour fhould be deuided equally amongfhhem; they ought alio ( as neare as you can) to bee of louing, tradableand mil de difpofidons,not giuen to bite,ftrikc, and efpecially not to yerke and (kike with their hinder- legges backward, for it both doth indanger thelifeof the man, and alfo doth hazard the fpoyling of the horfe,. hyouertbrowinghimfelfeinhisharnefle. Theyihould alio haue perfe£t,good and tender mouthes; and ought; to haue their heades well fetlcdvpon the b'tt before they come into the Coatchjbeing learnt to tiune rcadi-/ ly vpon either hand, without discontentment or rebelli- on, toftoppeclofeandfirme; andtoretyrcbacke freely with good fpirit and courage ; which are leffons fully fufficient to make acompleate good Coatch-horfe; for although fomeCoatch-menmore for brauery or pride; then either for Artor prorit,will make their horfe ftand and coruet in their Coaches, yet I would haue all good Coach-men knowe, that fuch motions are both vnfitr* VticomW, and moll hurtfull for Coach horfes j not one- ly taking from them the benefite and delight in traucll, butalfolnaking the Horfe to miftake his corrections, and when hee gropes to any faintnelTe or dulnefie, or comes into, any fuch ground where the depth thereof Puts hiratohis full ftrength ; nay fomer imes the Coach ftickes and will not come away at the firft twitch, if then the Coach-man )ert them forward with his whip, they prefemly fall to cornet and leapej -'refuting to draw.e-, in their greatcft time of neceffuie. ; Now for the manner of keepingthem,and dyeting
them j they ate in all pointes to bee dreft, pickt, and curryed
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54. The fft'Boof^e.
^. | ■ - __ 1 ■■!..! I || ■ —*
curryed like your ordinary traucllingHorfe,andco hauc
their foode and walkings after the lame manner, oncty their allowance of prouendcr would bee of the greateft fize, for their labour bceing for the moft part cxtreamc, and chemfelues generally Horfes of groffe nature, their chicfeft ftrcngthes moft often dependes vpon theful- nefle of their bellies. In tourneying you (hall vfe them as is before caughc,for iourncying horfes, onely if they be either Flcmilh Horfes or Flcmifh M ares,and by that meancsbecfubicft topaines and Scratches, then after your iourney when you haue bached your Horfes leggs with phTeand Salc-peeter,you (hall thenannointall his pafternes andfetlockes, with Hogs-grcafcand muftard mingled together, and if hee haue either feratchesor paincSjic will kill them j if hee haue none, ic will pre- uent them from growing, and keepe hislcgges cleanc howfocuer hee be difpofed. Now for the harnefling or atcyring of Coach-hoi fes,
you muft hauc a great care rhat the long pillowc before his breaft,bce of gentle leather,full,round and verie fofc ftopr, and chat the little fquarepillowes ouerchepoinc of his wy thers and cops of his (boulders, be like wife ve- rie (oft, for they bcare the weight ofhisharnefle,and ibme part of his draught, you (hall fee that the hinder part of y our harneffc which compafleth the neither pare of his buttockes, and rcftci aboue the Horfes hinder lioughcs bee cafic and large, not fretting orgaulingdf? the haire from chofe partes,as for che moft part you (naU lee amongftvnskilfulCoachmen,chedraugbt breadches or Coach trcatcs, which extend from rhebreaftofebe l^orfc to the bridge-tree ofthc Coach, muft bee of ex- ceeding ftrong double leather^well yyrought and few^d, T which |
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clhefift^Boo^e. 55
^ich (till you bring your horfe to the Coach)you muft
^rowouer your horfesbackecrof-wife, your hcadftali *ndreynesof your bridle,muft likewife bee either of Jttongleather, or clfe of round wouen lines, made of hike or threed,according to the abilitie of the o wner,or *hc delight of the Coaeh-man : yet to fpeake the truth, lines offilke or tbreed are the better, becaufe they ai*e more nimble, and come and goe more eafily : asfor Voiir bittes,and the proportion ofyourcheekes,they arc formerly difcribed,and muft be forted according to the ^Uallitie of the Horfes mouth. Now forafmuch asl cannot fo fufficiently in wordes figure out the proporti- °ns_ofeuery feuerall part of thefehamelfes, neither in What forte they Challbee ordered becaufe they alter ac- Cording.to the number of the horfes, two horfes beeing .attyred after one fort,three after another,and foure dif- ferent from both,togiue afullfatisfa&ion to euery ig- norant Coach-man : I doe therefore aduife all that arc defirous to better their judgements in fuch knowledges torepairetothe Stables of great Princes where com- monly are the bell-men of this Art,and there to beholde how euery thing in his true proportion is ordered, and from thence to draw vntohimfelferules for his ownein- ftruiStion; onelythefe Height precepts I will beftow vp- °nhim: Firft,that hee haueeuer aconftant fweetehand vpon his horfes rnouth,bynomeanesloofing the feeling thereof,but obferuing thatthehorfe doe reft vpon his *"t3and carrie his head and reyne in a good and comely fafhion : for to goe with his headloofe, or to haue no reeling of the bitt,is both vncomely to the eye, and takes ■ omthe horfe all delight in his labour. Next when you turne vpon either hand, you (hall onelydrawe in Nn your
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5d. i he/ift doo^e.
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your inmoft hand, and giue your outmoft libcnie, as
thus for example: Ifyou turne vpon your lefthand,yoti
fhall draw in your left re>. nea little flr<;irer, which g"'
uerncsthe horfe vpon the left fide, and the right rcynC
youfhall giue libertievnto, which gouerncs the horfc
on the right hand,fo that the horfe of the nearc fide with
thelefthandcomminginward,nuUtneccffanly whetheC
he will or no, bring the horfe of the farre fide, (which
is the right hand)co follow him : and in thele turnes yotf
mufteuerbceufTured to takeafullcompafTeofgrowndi
both according to the length of the Coach, and the
skill of the horics,for there is nothing doth amaze ordi*
fturb a Coach-horfe more then when heis forc't to mrrt
fodainly,6r ftraiter then the Coach will giue him leaue,
whence hce flrft lcarnes to.gagg vp his head to loofe hi*
reyne,and to difordercontrarie to his owne difpofition*
You fhall alfo make your horfes after they haueftopt,
ftandftill conftantly, and not to fridge vp and downfi
preffing one whileforward, another while backeward,
bothtothedifcafeofthcmlelues, and the trouble of o-
thers • The Coach-man alfo i"hall not vpon euery Height
errour or floathfulneffe correct his horfe with thejertc
or lafh of his whippc,for that will make them dull vport
the correction, but he fhall rather now and then fcarre
them with the noyfe and f mart (bund of the lafh of hi*
whippe/uffering them onely to feele the tormenr in the
timeofcrcateftextremitic : you fhall when you firftin*
tend to breake a horfe for the Coach for two or thrre
dayes before you bring him vnto the Coach;, caufehitf*
to be put vnto the Ort,placing him in that place which
Garters call thelafh, (o that hee-roavhauetw<- Horfe*
lofoiloyvbdiiiidchim whome together wati the loads
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I'be fiftiBoo{e. 57
that is in the Carthe cannot draw away 5 and two horfes
before him, which with the ftrcngth ofhistrayteswill *eepe him in an eeuenway without flyingout,eithervp- °n one-fide or other. Thus when you haue made him * little tame, and that hee knowes what it is to draw, and fecles the Ceding of the neather part of thecollcrvnto his breaft,thenyou may put him vnto the Coach, ioy- ling vnto him an olde Horfe, which hath both a good ^outh, and is of coole qualities, that if the younger horfe fhallfall into any franticke paifion, yet his ftayed- fies may euer rule and gouerne him,till cuftome and tra- ucll haue perfitely brought him to knowe his labour; I hauc^ feeneaCoach man who hath put two young hor- fes vhbroken into a Coach together, and I haucfeene them run away,ouer thro we and brcake the Coach, and mifchiefe the Coach-man : wherefore I would hauee- Uery Coach-man that will worke with Art and fafetieto take longer time, more paines, and by the method be- fore fhewcd to bring his horfes vnto perfection. The laft obferuations that I would haue a Coach- .
mankeepe, isthatwhcnfocueriie goes abroad with his Coach, he be afTurcdeuer to carrie with him his horfes cloathes, then whenfoeuer hee fhallbee forced either through attendance s or other chances toftandftillany long time,hee may caft the cloathes ouer his horfes, to keep them warme,and from the coldnes of the weither. Hee (hall alfo haue euer in his Coach-coffer, Hammer, Pinfcrs, Wimble, Chelfell, and Nayles, that if any fmall fault happen about his Coach, hee may himtclfe amend it, hee fhall alfo haue in his Coach-coffer, oyrvt- t»ents for his Horfes leggs and hoofes,efpccially if they they haue (eldome or neuer good hooikss Nn 2 hce |
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5§ *fhefiftcBool{e.
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heeihall alfo haue fhoomakers blacking to dreffe the
outfide ef his Coach and harneffe with ? hee fhallhaue a bruih for the infide, a blunt iron to dreffe his whceles, either oyle or fope for his axekrees-, and mayne-combe, curry-combe, and other dreffingcloathesfor-hishorfe, fo that generally bee (ball kcepe his Horfesneately; his wood^worke cleanely, his leather blacke, his buckles brieht and euery other (euerall ornament in fuch Gornelinefle, as may bee for the owners pro- file, and the keepers reputation. And. thus much for the Coach- man and his office* |
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the eni tftk Fift Bwkel
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