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A V A L A II 1 CE.
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OR
The Currier.
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Containing the Art, knowledge,
anddyct of the running
Horfe, either in trayning
vp, or in any great
match or wager.
TheSixt B»okc.
Newly corrected and augmented. ByGeruafe Markham. LONDON Printed by Ed«>: Alldeior Edward'white, and are to be fold at his fhop necrc the little north doorc of Saint Paules Church at the figne of the Gun. 1617. |
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To the Right Honorable the moft'
Noble and mightie Lord PhylipHerjb&t,
Earle of Mountgomerte and Baron of Shir land. |
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WM5
Spsp |
oft as I beholde that pore houfefromwhome t
am depended^ Jo eft I beholde vndying monu* |
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meats oft he noble and graciousfauours which by
your famous Gr And father and]mofl renowned Father, wereplentioufly powreA vpon ourfami' liejto that whilefi theglew of Lime and Simantfhali k nitflones together, ft l°ng ** wrhoufe will be held their memories. From the/e motiuesfmofi excellentLord) and from the louel feeyou beare to this Art which Iprofeffe, Jamtmboldnedto of- fertoyourneblehandeSytheview ofthefe mylabours,in which, howfoeuer my Art may bee controled^yet itfhallvnder the de- fence of your countenance iufttfie it felfe both by thegroundesof experience and rea/on, and though my obfcuritie Hue vnaccom-» pained with fopuUropinm,yet when ifhaHbe try dt J hope I fhallproue vnfophifticat,and the ratherfith my nature hath etter bathed to bee adornedwithfal/e fiers; yet that lam the meanefl of many I know, and myjelfe am vnto myfelfe a tepmonie, and that I defire no greater height mine Inambition hathproued, onelyyour Honoursgood opinion'/hallbe theayme&f ntylonging^und that gained,!Jhall dye your honours humbly denoted^ GBRV .53fvlAKK
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To all the loners of running
Herjes.
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Haue not found any particular fportor
maftcrie whatfoeuer, of more antiquitie or hono-
rable eftimation, then the vfe of running Horfes j fothat if in our actions wee are to take imitation from the Amcients, then without queftion there is nomanablctoftandvp againft this pleafurc, beeingbothmoft ©Ide, and moftroyallie defended by the authorise of many Em- perours. But leaft my fuppofition, fliould drawe on a queftion vncreated, I will forbcare to defend what none will impugne, and oncly fay, if I haue to the Art giucn as good rules as all men willgiueallowance to the fport, there i$ nodoubt butlffiall jteapethankes in great mcafure. Well whatlhaue done, let ex* pcrience iudgc,and where I haue made any efcape after a due try all,lct mec receiue the rigor of a humane charitic; fo though I fmart, yet I (hall not bee confoun- ded, but liue either to recant or make fatisfa&ion: |
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Farewell.
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&. m
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I
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The ftxt TSookc.
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Chap. i.
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Ofthe lunmngHerfewgeneraH) mi
o)[then■doi/e. Fthe auncientefl vertue
be moft honorable j (as it is a princi- pailmaxime amongft our Heraulds) then without all queftion there is nothing more famous in this re- nowned Arte of Horfe-manfhip, then the pn&ife and vie of running Horfes, beeing as auncicnt as the Olimpun games in the dayes oiHerculeSj and fofucceG* fiuely deriued downe to the dayes of ourlateftEmpe- rours in allwhich wee may rcade ofthe great glories of ^fie Horfes and the infinite rewardes and hie places oft
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z 'Z hefixt 'Booty.
. ,...... , ,., ... ^-«
of preferment be/towed vpon their Riders, in which ^
may behold both the fame of the cxercife by the Prince' ly foundation, and the neceffuieand vertue by the dC light of fuchEmperiali Maiefties. And truly in thefe our latter dayes wherein wee ftudy
to control! the monuments of our fore-Fathers, this al' moll obfeured Arte hath found out fuch Princely and vertuous mainteyners,that being but only cherrifh'd in thecoldeft clymate of this Region, itis nowfamoufty nourilhed oucr al the Kingdome, to the eternall honour oftheirfamous names, andtotheexalt ofthemoftfer' uiceable Beaft that euer was created: Wherefore fro fpeake generally of running Horfes)aIbe amongft old writers ( whofe readinges were much better then their rydings)they haue giuen the greateft prehemi- nence to the Pvrtngaisot Spaw(h Tenets, andchicfely to thofe which arebreddcbytheRiuer7rfgw,.prnearevn- to £«£*»<?, comparingthem tothe windes, and fuch like impoffible motions $ yet we by our experience in thefe latter times, and out of our induftrious labours,finde, that the Turkes arc much fwiftcr horfes,and the Barbaries TOUchfwifterthen the Ttfrto, and fome Engli/h Hotfes and Geldings fwifter then either /aw, Turkefot BArfory, witneffegrayZ)d/&fitf//,beingthe Horfe vpon which the Earle oizforthumberkud roade in the laft rcbellon ofthe North: witnefTe gray V&lem'we, which dyed a Horle tieuer conquered; the Hobbie of Maifter Thomas Ctrl?- tons^nd at this houre moft famous Puppejagzinft. whorn men may ralke, but they cannot conquer. Now therefore if your delight (way you tothe c#'
ercifc of this fport, you (hall be very carcfull in chufing
a Horfe fit for your purpofe, wherein jhe chiefefl thing
", v " ' ■ ' to
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The/Jxt cBoo{e» 3
°bee regarded is his fpirit andfhape: for hisfpirit it
^°uld be free and a£liue,inclined to chearefulnes, light- ly , and forwardnes to labour, fcopc or gallop; for a r*°rfe of dull, idle, and heauie nature, can neuer either bc fwift or nimble: the lumpifhnefle of his minde taking avVay the aftion and agilitie of his members.
Now for his fhape it would beeofthefineft,for fel-
^rae( in horfes) doe naturall deformed fhapes harbour *nyextraordinarievertue, yet for more particularitie, *Wouldhaue him to holde moft of the fhapes of your hunting Horfe, onely fome Height errours,you ma£ ^eare withall in a running horfe, as thus : If your run- RlngHorfe be fomewhat long and loofely made, that is *° fay fomwhat long filletted between the huckle bones, ^ndtheChortribbesj if hee haue flender limbes,long lc>yntes,a-thinne necke and a little bcllie;being in all his gencrall partes, not fo ftrong and clofely knit together, jjsthe hunting Horfe fhould be, (though I would wifh lllch vices away)yet 1 haue feene Horfes which haue had *°mc part of them which haue bcene of great fpeede in ^ortcourfes. Now you (hall know, that forafmuch as the hunting
^orfe, and the running Horfe are for two feuerall ends, that is to fay,the firft for long & wearie toyle by ftrength andcoutinuance of labour, ftrugling and working out his perfection: the other by fuddaineviolcnce,aridpre« *cnt furie, acting the vttermoft that is expected from them: therefore there muft neceifarilie bee fome diffe- fence in the ordering and dyeting of thefe two crea- ^,fes: the Huntinghorfe by ftrength, making his winde ltldure a whole dayes labour i the Running horfe by vmdeand nimble footemanfhip, dooing as much in a moment
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The /ixt<Boo%c.
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moment as his ftrength and power is able to iecond<
Now as Order and Vyet'm this cafe is of moftefpcciall confequence, fo if trayning and teaching be not ioynco to dyet and keeping, allyour labour will be vaine, and to no purpofeimployed: wherefore hauing a Horfc ov right (hape, beauty, fpirit, and other lineaments agree* able to your minde for this excrcifc, and that he is of full age and growth, which (houldbcfiueyearesolde at the leaftjthen you (hall traync him to thepleafure of run- ning, in fuch fort as (hall be declaccd in this Chapter following. |
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Chap. 2.
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Hew running Horfesfi&llhe firjltrqincdvp,
jind of their dyet* AFter you haue either taken your Horfc (which
you intend for running) fat from grafle, or bought him fat and faire in the market, you (hall drefle, order.and dyethim in fuch fort as is formerly prefcribed in the Bookc of the Keepers Office for the three rlrft dayes till his grade befcowred foorth, then after yoU (hall dreffe and dyet him in fuch fortas isprefcribed in the firft fortnights dyetingof hunting horfes, only yoiit exercifc (hall differ thus much, that for a fortnight togc ther after his watering'morning and euening you (hall gallop him gently vpon the hand for a quarter of an houre together vpon fome plaine leuell meddowe of fuch like grecnefwarth ground, till yon haue made hint cunning in his gallop, and that heknoweshow to take
vp
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cIf3e/;xtcBoo{e. 5
*." . ^______ _____ _,.____ _______ ._i___.
vp his feetc,howto (ecthem downenimbly and skilful-
ly, and withall, how and whentofauour him felfesby taking his ftroake round and fhort , and how and when to increafe his fpeed by ft-j iking foorth his limbes, and laying his body neare to the earth, onely you muft obferuethat in all thisexercife you doe not make him fweate, or put him to any force, as well forfeareofhis vvinde as for other inconueniences,but that out of eafe, Wantonnes and plcafure, he may both attaine to delight and knowledge, and thatalfo by the moderation of fuch tempcrateexercife, hee may haue his glut and purfiuc nes clenfed away> his fat and good flefh better hardned, his windemade more pure, and all his inward facul&s better difpofcd. After you haue fpentthis fortnight in this fort, yon
fhal then put him into the fame dyet,and both order and kecpehim in fuch fort as you did keepe your hunting horfe in the third fortnight 4 both with the fame bread, the fame fcowrings, and the fame obferuations of times and houres, only your exercife fhal thus farre differ,that you fhall for a fortnight together at leaft , foure times a Vvecke ride him foorth on hunting, but by nomeanes, howfoeuerthe Chafes run, you fhall notthrufthim vp- onany decpe or ouetthwart earth, but when the fents comevponlmooth and plaine ground *, then you fhall thrufthimfoorthintoagoodoxdinarie fpeed, and fol- low theHoundeschearhilly yet not with that violence,, that either you ftraine him beyondhis o wne plealure,or compell him to doe any thing vpon compulfion, but that whatfoeuer hee doth may be done out of his owne defire,youratherreftrainingandkeepinghim within his ftrengthjthen couetting to trie the vtmoft oi his power, by/
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6 The fixt TZovkg*
by which meancs'you fhall addefuch life to his doings
that when ncceffity friall compclljhe will perform morfi then you can expe&or nope for:afteryou h^ue broagh* him home at night, you (hall feede and fcowrc as in cs'e of ordinary huntings, and in this maner oftrayning, i»nd with this gentle exercife you fhall bring him to a good ftateof body, and to be able to endure fome rcafonable extremity, which you may knowe by the cleannes of his neather chappes,the thinncs of his ribbe,and the empti- nesof hisflanke, yetforas much as many horfes when they are very deanc will notwithstanding haue a full flanke,I wifh you rather to truft to his Chaulc and ribbe thentothefigncof his flanke; Nowwhcnyourhorfeis thus brought to fome cleannes, if then you would know the height of his ordinary fpeede,you fhalchcn feed him with thebefl: huntingbrcad ;and hauing found outfome plaine fmoothe courfe of about three orfourcmile in length, and cucry other day you ftiall courfe him there* upon for the fpacc of a fortnight, yet by no rneanes ftrayning him aboue a three quarters fpeede, onely to make him acquainted with the race, and that hee may come to the knowledge of his labour, and fo may pre- pare himfelfe thereunto by emptying his bellie, and pilling often, as you fhall fee in a fhort fpace hee will quickly learne, and the rather if as you leade him ouer the race you fuffer him to Hand ftill when hee pleafeth, to lie downe and tumble ; to dung, piiTe, or vfe any other gefture, whatfoeuerthe FT orfe picafes, not com- pelling him to lade , but according to his owne li- king : And if you flnde that hee will not emptie his fcellie, you fhall leade him where other Horfes haue dunged, andftandfliil, and let him fmcll thereunto, the
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*IbefixtcBooU.
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*"5 Tent whereof willprefently entice him to dung alfo,
^ it he p fife (eldome^you fhal (land ftill the oftner,and j^ke him ftcctch out his lcgges,you fha!l whittle him as ^ec ftandes, or throwe a little ftrawe vndoi? his belly, all ^hichifitpreuailenot, you (hall your fclfepiflcvnder "is belly ,and it will intice him to pifTe, you fhal vfe as he S°es, to (put Vinegar into his noftrells, for it will both lengthen his ftomack,& prouoke him to pifle. When you come to the race end where you rauft Mart,you •hal vnloofebus furfingle, andputting back his cloathes, *Ston his Saddle, and then mounting vponhisbacke, c*«fe the Groome to ftroakcoffhis cloathes and to ride aWay with them, that you may hauc them to put on a- §aine when you haue runne the race ouer. Then you ftiail ftarc your horfe into a rcafonable fpeed, and accor- ding to his winde and ftrcngtb, fo you (hall make him runnethecourfe,citherfwifter,or{lower; once in the Conrle at lcaft making him runne for twelue-fcore or there about,at the beft ofhis fpecd,butimmediately you •nail take vp your bridle againe and fauour him, that preferuinghim within his ftrcngth,you may make both his winde and ftrength the better. After that by this manner of trayning you finde that he will run his courfe With a good ordinary fpeed, & that for the twelue-fcorc which is all the fpace you ftrainehimin,youfeelehee runnes both fwiftly aadftrongly,you (hall then each day you courfe him, by little and little fecke to augment his violcnceby drawing twelue-lcore, to twenty-fcore, and twenty to forty, till in the end you (inde hee will runne a niyle With his beft fpeed ■-, then you ("hall bring thatrnyle t(Hwo myle,andt:wo cnyleto chree,till in the end he wil run che-whole courfe,at the height of oae-eacjre fpeed e; ■ . " "~ ' After- |
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8 ybeJixt\Boo{e.
<Aftcr that, you fful once in a forcnight make vfe of you'
fpurres, and make him runne the whole courfethoroW vpon the fpurres, drawing blood foundly vpon both his fides , and then if you feele that in his courfe hee doth not faintjbut maintaines his fpeed with a good courage, then you mayprefume hee is a horfe of great vcrtue and worthic eftinvation. . Now you fhal obferue,that at the end ofeuery courfe
after,you haue with gentle gallopping vp anddownea little coold him, you fhall light from his backe, and flop both his Noftrils with your hand for a little fpace, ma- king him holde his winde : then you fhall throw his cloathes vpon him, and making them hanfomelyfafta- bout him, you fhall ride him vp and downe till all his fweate be dryed vp, then ride him home,and fet him vp- on good ftoreof litter in the ftable, dyctingjfcowring, feeding,and dreffing him as you are taught in thelaft fortnight forHuntinghorfes,for all the while you traine a Running horfe, you fhall not exceed an ordinary hun- ting dyet, your vttcrmoftayme being but to make him inwardly cleane, and to bring him to a perfect ftroake, andaquickedeliueranceofbisfeete, and tbatwhatfoe- uer he doth,hee may doe with great courage and liuely- hood. And thus much for the Running horfes firft or- der of trayning. Chap. 5.
Of the making of a Matched the ohfermtions therein.
WHen you haue after a month or two train'd
your Horfe, and brought himtofomegood perfection in running,ifthenyou pleafe either to
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~1 he fixi"Boo^e.
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*°puthimtoanyBcll-courfe, or to match him againft
*pme other Horfe for any great wager, you fhall care- *V>Uy obferue many aduauntages and circumftanccs ^hichareneedfull in that bufinefle, as firft the nature and
propertie of your horfe ,as whether he be of a fiecrc
atld couragious fpirit doing all thinges out of violence
°f his nature, or whether hce bee of cooler temper yet Cxceeding durable, for vnto the firft the plainer & fhor- *er courfe is the beft, and to the latter the longer and the peeper is moft: aduanta^e, yet if the fierce Horfe haue in "is skelping courfe, ciihcx vpwithes^inwithes, oxdowm- ""tithes, which is,that he may either runne within the fide °f hilleSjVp hils,or downe hilsjiit is much auailing to his ^inde, and makes him recouer his breath and ftrength. ftiUch better; for this wee many times finde by proofc, *hat a fierce horfe running vpon a plaine leuell, if hisRi- ^erftart him fodainly, or hold his hankes too ftraitejthe Horfe out of his furie will choake himfclfe in his owne J^inde 3 others I haue knowne, thathauinglibertieo£ l^ndjhaue rim themfelucs blinde,both which the climb- lng or difcendingof hils doth preuent,for nature and the toyle makes bimeafe himfelfe vp the hill: and downc *he bill, his owne danger makes him take leafure; but if your horfe be of coole temper^ ftartsflowly,yetinhis vyholecourfe throughout, rather augments and increa- jeth bis fpeede then either abates or diminifheth, f»ch a k?rfe is mccte for a long and deepe courfe where not fiimble footmanfhip, but truth of winde and bloodines o*fides only muft winne the wager,for where fpeed and . P^^faileSjtheretruthand toughnes are the onely con- querors : you fhall alfo in his training note what kinde dearth he takes moft delight to runne vponjas if he Iotie ' Oo a hard
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»- —■■«—■» ■ ' ' ' ■-'—'■ I ■ ■ III II .. .- ■ — ------------------ —
io "TheJixt*£oo{e.
a hard fmoo^h greene fwarth, a beaten hie-way, a rot'
ten ground full of letches, or an ouerthwart broken fwarth full of fou.lc treading, and according to his beft running fo to frame your wager* You (hallalfo note in what ftateof bodie your Hbrfc
runnesbeft, as fome horfes willrunncbeft when they ate fatt and full of Befh, and pride, fome when they arc exceeding poorc and moft vnhkely ; fome when they arc of an indifferent ftate of bodie, neither too hie nor' too lowe, but of a competentfulnefTc, and according as youfindchimneareftto -hisbeft perfection fo you may be the bolder to hazard your wagcri for if yourHorfe that runncs hie,bee lowe j you muft then fecdehard,and exercifelittle, till hauing gqttcn him into his true tern* j per j and then you may aduenture himvpon labour ; or ifyour Horfe that runneslowc be fat and hie, then yotf muft neither fparc exercife norayring, till you haue brought him $0 thatftate of bodie which belt fits him. j Laftly, you {frail obferue to make no match, but you
fha,Urcferu.eatleaftfixeweckes for the dyeting of your
tiorfe^ becauie it is agencrall rule amongft all Morfcs,
that the firft fortnight they are brought co ftrid dyetingj
they will fall away and growea little fickiffi, fo that ne'
esffarilie you had ncedc to hauc a month after to bring
hjn^to luftjlife and deligbtjipthis.manner ofdyetingv,
Aad thus much for.prefent obferuattonsitv
Match making.
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Chap. 4*
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*■■ - I ,1,1--, --j III I
Tbefixtlioofa it
'- ' ■, i. mi. m......■'------------------- -
Chap. A,
-~— ___..______________________ __
OJthefetterAllkindet ofAyrmgs^ml F*odes9
belonging to a running tlorfe. OF all the particles or bcft members belonging to
this dycting or ordering of running Horfes,there is none of more force or cfficaciethcn this .which Wee call Ayring, for it hath a diuerfe kinde of working, *s one while it abateth ftefti,wcakncthand bringes lowe, Another while it feedes,ftrcngthens, and procures appe- tite 5 fometimes it cleares the blood, andfometimesit appaales thefpirit, working according as it is ordered, yet at all times and how cuer ic-is vfed,it putrifics breath, and is the bcft fortifier of the winde 5 wherefore you fhal >ndcrftand,that if your Horfc bee too fat, and cither for fcareofoldeftraines,or the fhort time youhauetodyct him you cannot by cxercifc make abatement of his fleih, then you (hal not faile but euening and morning(at leaft tWo houres before day) to ayre him after th i« manner. Affoone as you come into the (table* and hauc put away his dung, and made all thinges fwectc and cleane, you fhall then take ahairc-cloath and rub his head, face, and fcccke all oner, then you (hallturnc vp all his cloathes andrubbc downc his bodiCjbelfiCjflankes,buttocks,an4 legges, then take his brydle and wett the fnaffle either in &earc or Ale, & put it on hishead,then truflc his clothes warme and clofe about him, and fo lcade him foorth in your hand vp to the toppe or height of fomc hill where the winde blowcs (harpeft, and the ayre ispureft ; and 'both as you go to the hill & when you arc vpon the hill, Ooi lee
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*£ Thefixt<Boo{e.
let the Horfe goe athis owne pleafure,itanding ft ill and
gazing when heelift,ftretchinghimfeIfefooTth,gaping,
yawning, tumbling, and vfingwhat other gefturehee
pleafes-, yourfelfe euer helping andcherifhinghimin
wbatfoeuerhedoth ; obferuingprincipally to giuehioi
thelibertie of his brydle, and to inticehimtofmcllto
the ground, and to the dung of other Horfcs as you goc
vp and downe, and you flaall purpofcly feeke out where
otherHorfeshauedung'd, and leade him vnto it, that
hee may fmell thereon, for it will mightilie prouokc
him to emptiehis belly: you (hall if there bee any tuf-
fockes of long ;grafle,.ruilies-, or dead fogge, leade him
thereunto, both that hee may bathe his legges in the
dewe (which is verie wholfomefor his limbes) and alio
prouoke him to pifle. After you haue thus ledde him
vp and downe for the fpace of two houres and more,
euen till you fee the day begin to breake, then you fhall
leade himhomc to the ftable in the felfe fame fort as you-
led him foorth: butby the way, if whileft you thus ayre
your horfe, you doe now and then fpirt a little Vinegar
into his noftrelsjpr fomctime ftophis noftrels with your
handSjit is paffing good,for it will both make him fheare
and neefe, and alfo it will procure him a ftomacke,and
make him hungry: ifasyou walke vp and down you doe
now and then with your hand gripe him gently about
the wind-pipe,bctweenhischaules andcompcllhimto
cough.it will besxeecdinggood, and you fhall thereby
finde if there bee any grofenelTe about the rootes of his
tongue,which flops or hinders his winde,as thus: If hee
cough roughly, it is a fignc of grofenefTe : If hee cough,
rp-ughly,and after his coughing chawe with his chaps,ic
is then both a figne, of grofenefle, and that he hath fome
Jdifolucd:
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The jixt 'Boofy. 13
^'folued and loofe matter which hee breakes with
5°ughing,which if you h"ndc,you (hall then vfe to gripe ^'•ti the oftner, but it hee cough cleare, and without h°arfnes, then he is cleans and you {hall gripe him the ^orefeldome. After you haue brought yourHorfe into the Arable,
*nd haue chafte and rub'd his legges well,y ou fhaU then £*de and order him, as (hall bee hereafter declared; £Jow looke how you ayred your Horfe in the morning ~5forcday; in the felfefame manner you (hallalfoayre pi'n at night after the day is departed, onclyinfteadof Jcading him vnto the height of fome hill,you fhall leads ^ini downe to fomevalley, or meddowenearetofome 'Wer or running water, that the coldneflevvhich comes from thence, may enter and pierce him > if at any time Vvbilft you .jyrc your horfe, you finde him wantonly dif- Pofcd,you fhal runne with himvp and downe,and make «im fcope and play about you. This ayring before and after<lay,doth abate a Horfes flefh, dries vp purfiuenes a°d groffe humors, clearcs the blood, and makes his vi- **U fpirits more a&iue. Kow if your Horfe be exceeding leane,weake,and in
pouertie, then you (hall ayre him in the morning an JJourc or more after Sun-rife in the fame fort as you did ^forcjand alio at night an houre or two before Sun fee, *°e plcafantncs of which two feafons willprouoke fuch flight in the horfc,that hee will rake pride in himfclfc; 11 Will get him fuch a ftomacke, that you (ball hardly o- ;jCr-fcedehim ; aud ftoreoiioodebringescuer ftorcof «cfh and ftrength, it will make him that he fhall not take loath, ynto his foode, which is the onely impediments lnat attends a running Horfe, but the forer you feede, O 0 5 the
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lq. "The fixt'Boo^
the better fhall; be euer his difgeftion; and nature being
pleafed with what fhs receiuss, will foone againebe- comeftcong and powerful!., But if your horfe "bee ofa right fhte of body,that is,nei her too fat nor too leane, boKofa full ftrength and perfection, fuch asyouknowe' is fitteft for theexercife, whereunto you intend him, then you fhall ayre him euery morning after div,and be- fore Surmc rife, and euery euening after Sun-fett and before the clofing in of the night, tor thefe indifferent and temperate times, doc neither take fo foreofnature, that they bring it to any weakncfTe^either adde fo much to ftrength or appetite, that.they bring the flefh to any greaterluft or incrcafement, but holding one certainfi ftayskeepesrhe body ftrong, the windepure,and the in- ward fpirits full of Jife and chearefulnefTe; Therefore e- werie Keeper of running Horfes muft knowe chat by no meanes whilft hishorfe is inftricT:dyer,bec ma/not faile
to ayre his horfe morning .-and euening , after one of thefe three feuerall wayes, according to theftateand conftitotion of the Horfes body, excepting onely thofe dayes wherein his horfe takes his breathing courfes, be- ing affured thathee were better to forget a meale of the horfes foode, then an houre of his -syringes : and fince; I haue thusftiewed you,the diuerfitic-ofayringes, I will. now proceed and fhew you the dinerfuie and natures of ■ euery feuerall foode,meetcfoT a Horfes bodie, Firft therefore you fhalvnderftand that the principal!
foodc, whereupon a Running horfe is to be fedde moft; as the very ftrength and chiefe fubfiancc of his life muft be5r«^foritofallotherfoodesismoftftrong,cSeine,
healthfull,Qfbeft difgeftion, and breedethebel* blood*
I Wherefore for to^youfliali make it after this manner.
Take
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**- I. —I-------------------
TbeJixt<Boo{e. l$
■i _____________________----------------._______.______,
Take of fine OatemcU welldrycd, foure peckes $ of Dywh-cal,;
clcane dry'd Beanes two peckes,of the beft VV heate two peckes, and ofRye two peckes , let all chefe graines bee Well mingled togethcr,and ground (ifpombie) vpon a paire of blacke ftones, then boult the meale through a fine bonking-cloathjandknead it with new Ale, and the Barme well beaten together, and with the whites of at leaft an hundred Egges. Now if your horfe, as for the tnoft part Runninghorfes are, be fubtect to dryneflc and eoftiuenes in his bodie, then to thefe former quantities, you (hall addc atlcaft three pound of fweet Butter, buc nototherwife : thefe you fhallkneade and worke toge- ther exceedingly, firft with handes, after withfeeteby treading H and laftly wt^h the brake j then coueringit clofc with warmc clotbes,y ou (hall let it lie two or three houres in the trough to (Well, then take It foorthand molde it vp in great loaues at leaft halfe a peck in a loafb, and fo bake it like vnto ordinary Houfhold bread: fomc Horf-mcn there bee, which of my knowledge to this "breade will mixe the powder of Licor&i or An>%y{iede$\^ great quantise, butasonceUaide, fo fay I ftil!titis the molt vnwholfomcft that can bc,and rhottvnhaturalt toaue I fcene any horfe wirmc,bnt 1 haue'fe'ene many hor- des loofe, which hauc beene kept wirh fuch dyct. T nature ofthisbteade is onelyro breed ftrc'^i) luft,aii(j good blood,withoutpur(iuene$,c;''ofeocs ore ing of the winde : it is light andcarteofdi'gcftion, ,•
ftorlyin^long either in the Horles ftomacke or belly is no impediment to the violence and furie of his labour. Next vntoBread is dryed wafnt meate, as thus, take Ofwifli*.
two peckes of the beft Oates, and {preadingthemvponmeaW(i a cloath,in the Sunneturne them vp and downs tiW -lev O o 4 bee
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\6 \clhefxtcBoo{e.
bee as drie as if they had beene dryed vpon a Kilne,then
put them in a clcaae bagg, and either beate them with a fieale,or vpon a hard floore as huf- wiues beate Wheate, till the vpper hullcs be almoft beaten off,.then winnowe them cleane, and putting them into fome cleane vefTell, brcake vnto them the whites of twentie or fortie Egges, and wafh the Oates, and ftirrc them well vp and downe therein,then let them ftand and foke all that night. The next morning take foorth the Oates, and fpread them in che Sunne vpon a cleane cloath till they be drie againc* This foode of all other ismoftfine,light,andeafieof
difgeftion, 'tis moft foueragine for the winde,difoluing and clenfingaway whatfoeueris groifc, or ftoppes the entrance of thofe pipes. The meeteft time togiiiethis foodein, is either immediately before, or immediately after his labour, and the horfe moft meete for this food is thegroflefeeder,thekettie orthicke winded. Next to this foode is the Oates dri*d in the S unne,snd
beaten as aforefaid, and then to be fteept for a day and a night in ftrong Ale, and then dry'd in the Sunne. Th^s foode is exceeding comfortable,and mooues life,fpirit, and chearefulnefle in a horfe, it helpcs thewinde (ome- thing,but not much, and is moftmeetetobeegiuena Horfe that is leane,or of a dainty and tender ftomaeke. Now your laft dry'd wafhr-meate is to take a couple
offine manchets well chipt, and to cut them croiTe wife into foure round toafts,and fotoaft them before the fire, thenfteepethemforhalfcanhourein M'uskadine, then taking them foorth, lay them inwarme clqathes before the fire, and fmother them till they be drie a^aine,and Co gitie them to your horfe. This foode is a luftie and ftrong foode cheating the blood and the vital! fpirirs of a horfe.
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Thefixt<Boo\e< 17
ahor(ej it quickens the braine,makes the minde wanton
and a£tiue,and fo fills all the powers of a horfe with ala- critic of fplrit, that ii he be ncuer fo emptie,yct he takes no diflike in his fafting: it kils alfo the wormes in a hor- des bodie, and makes that they do not torment and gnaw him, when be is much fafting yet this foodeisnotto be giuen often,fbr feare of intoxicating the braine throu gh the fume thereofs but earely in the morning before youthorfe goe to courfe, if hce haue beene ficke, or is poorcinfte(h,ormiichfubiecl:to take diftike or loath ac hisprouender. Next to thefe dry'd wafht meates, are your moyft ofmoyft
Vvafht meates, which are no other but thefe before na-wafntmcate.: rned,asOates, and whites of Egges^ Oates and Ale, or Toaftes and Muskadinc, fo that they be giuen to a horfe prefently after they haue been fteept,& are as wet as wet maybe. This foode is verie hartie, coole and much loofening the body, hauing onely this particular fault, that it a little breedeth purfiuenes,and grofenes: where- fore it is to be giuen to a horfe that is cither weake, fick- fyjorfubied to drie muchinhisbodie, itmuftbevfed for the moft part medicinally, for,tomakeitacontinu- all foade, the very fume thereof would bring putrifa&i- ontothe braine,andthemoyftneiTecaufe anvnuaturall fcowring in his bodie. Befides thefe foodes,there is the eares of pollard wheat to be giuen by two or three hand- full rogether out of your hand/or it prepareth and com- f "rteth the ftomackc, and is to be giuen to a horfe as the firft thing he eateth after he hath beene courfed or war- med with any extraordinarie labour. Now astouchingRie , Mafhes andfuch like, becaufe
they are inthe nature of fco wrings, 1 wilnot couple tha amongft
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18 The fxt<Boo^c.
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amongft the Horfes foodcs, hauing fpoken fufficiently
of them and their natures in the booke of hunting hor- fes, to which Ireferreyou. And thus much for the di- Uerfitic of ayrings,andthe alterations offoodes. |
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C HAP. J.
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Ofthefemaltkindes e/Sweates, andof
their vjes, SWeates are to be giuen to a Horfe two feucrall
waves, that is to fay, either naked or cloathed, na- ked, as either by exercife or labour;or cloathcd,as by phificall hclpes without much torment. And becaufo the labour of the running Horfc is violent and fodaine, without any indnranco or deliberation in his exercife, jnfanuicb that a Horfe being in any good ftate of body, cannot fa eate much, or drffolue any part of his inward groffe humours by fo lliortan exercife: it is therefore agreed vpon by all good Horfemcn, that as well for pr.e- ■feruing the running horfe from wearineffe in labour, as a!fo for bringing him to thebeft eftate ofacleane bodies thathefhalhaue his fweates giuen himfor the raoft part 'inhiscloathes, efpecially whenheeisfocleanethathec Will not fweat fuddainly. . Now you /ball vndeifhnd, that fweates in cloarbes
aretobegiuentwofeuerallwaies, that is to fay, e-yther abroad in the field, or elfe {landing ftill in the clufe Sta- ble. If you gine your Horfe his fwcate abroad in the fielde, you fhalldoc-it after this forte: ea-rely in the mor- |
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1befixt<Boo/ie. ip
nfog after you haue rubbed him downe with your haire-
cWath,and girded hiscloathesclofe round about him, youiluMputon his brydle , and Jeade him foorthinto 'Oirse ' hr^o Cioi'■: or field, and there mounting vp- Onliiv backewuh his cloatbes about him , you fhall gal- '°phi nata reafonable fpeede vp and<downe without Ceafng, tiii you finde all his hc4d,necke and face,to bee 0fantntiref'"Veate : then you fhall ride him to the Sta- ple doore, and there lighting from his backe, fethim vp JoL't^re-iencothe middle fide i then tie him vp to the *Ua\-:. and caft a cloath or two more ouer him,coue- ri«"ghi' -ri and neekcalloueralfibjandfolethimftand *$d '•■ . foranhoureormore, if you knowe him to Dficveriefat^andfoule. After he hath fweatfufftcient- ly,you ftu'hhcntakeoflfhis cloathes one after another, and another, til! by little and little abating his heate,you make aim leauefweating j then you lhaTlrubhim,and ieede him as (hall be hereafter declared. Now if your Horfe haue either former ftraynes, or
»c aged, or in any Uich ftate of bodie, that you may nop Well aduenture to put him to any violent labour,or if the Weather bee ib vnfeafonable that you cannot coriueni* entiy giue his fweates without in the field; you fhall then giue him his fweate in the Stable after tfiis manner:, Firftyou ftullftri'p your Horfe naked, then take alarge ; Blanket, and warme it againft the fire, and then foldeity i'^manyfoldes, heating eirery folde hotter then other,:, and then being at the hotteft, you fhall wrappe it round about your Horfes bodie next vnto his heart, pinning it, verieclofeandftraite j then lay ouer it two or three o-- thcrBlankets at their vttermoftlargenevTe, and two or tbreeCouerletsalfoj girde them hard.aboiu his bodie with s
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2o cl hefixt Bookie.
with a Sarfingle, and binde euery one of them elofc and
fall before his breaft, then floppe the furfingle round a* bout with great wifpes of ftrawe,and let him ftand ii lit- ter vp to the middle fide , then keeping your Stable as <riofe and warme from all ayrc as is po(Iib!e,!et him ftand *br a quarter ofanhoure, and you (hall fee the fweate begin to rife about his eare rootes, and trickle downc uis face, which if it doe,you (hall then let him (land ftill, i-nd fweate fo long as in your owne difcrction you (hall thinkemeetc (fo it exceed not aboue twohoures at the moft) but if hee be of fo hard aconftitution,thatthis courfe will not tnakc him fweate at all,then you (hall lay more cloathes vpon him; and iftheypreuailenot,thea (beingcladde in the manner aforefaide)you(hallrake him foorth of the ftable into fome adioy ning backefide, and theretrott him,and chafe him gently vp and downc till you fee his fweate begin co ri(e,then fee him vp in the Stable againe, and laying more cloathesvpon him, let him fweate during your pleafure, and all the while hee fweatetb^you (hall make a Groomc to ftand by him, and to wipe the fweate from his face witha driecloath, which will pleafe the horfe exceedingly. When he hath fweateto your contcntment,you (haH
then by the abatement of his cloathes one after one,kee- ping a prettie diftance of-time bctweeneeach feuerall cloathes taking away (lead cooling him too fuddainly mightdochim more hurt then his fweating doth him good) bring him tothat drynefle and temper of body, wherein you found him before you gaue him his fwcat, which when you haue brought to paffe, you (hall then vnc'oath an.? drcfle himin fuchfort as beconameththe officcofa ^oodKecper. Thcfe
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*------—_^__„__, __, ____;—:_-___,_______ .
: Thefe fwears are the moftwholfomeftand beftfcow-*
ji^gs that can be giuen to a fat horfe, for they doe dif- ^°lueand expell allgroflfe and infectious humors, how eiler bred in the body either by forfeit or rawnefTeof *°Qde,by violence of trauell,by fuddame coldes,excef- ftue heates, or by any other vnnaturall courfe whacfoe- llcr: it purifies the blood, cleares the winde,and bringes spirit and lightnelle to the bodie , onely they doe much ^ate the fteflh, and therefore a little weaken the horfe, by which meanes they are held principally good for fat a,tid grofleHorfcs, and feldome to bee vfed vpon leanc ^orlesjyet for mine owne part, it both hath beene,and ftiall euer bee my pra£tife to vfe them both to fact and icaiie Horfes, where I fmde either by outward or inward "gneathat the bodie hath beene vnwholfomly fed,and is pofTeft with groffe and corrupt humors: yet you mu'ft knowe that one of thefe fweates doth take as much ofa ^orfe as three courfes, wherefore youmufthauethis confideration, that if your horfe bee not in great pride andfullftate ofbody,afcer one of thefe fweates,you muft Got courfe or ftraine your horfc for at lcaft fiue dayes. And thus muchfer fweates and their feuerallvfes. Chap. 6.
■------------——————------------------------——-----------------------------1---------_------------------_-----£j
Of the ordering And dye ting a Running tierjefor
Match or Wager % WHen youhaue made any great match or wager
vpon your horfe, fo that you ars to put him to the vttermoft,that either art ornaturec a bring: bina
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21 The fixtiSookg.
him vnto; it is to bcprefuppofed that your Horfe being
of fome efpeciall note £at leaft in your ownc cftimation) tnuft neccfiarilie be kept in good ordinarie Hunting dy- er, for feweornone will make-any great wagers either of ordinarie Hackneyes,or grafle Nags,wheref ore yout match being made, and you now intending to put hifl* into this ftri& dyct, oncly appertaining to a courfe, yotf fhallfirft looke vpon him; and as neare as you can.either by his dimg, the thickneflc of his flefh vpon his (horteft ribbc, the cleanncfle of hisChaule and other external! partes {all which are formerly fetdownc at large)yoti (ball iudgcin what (late of bodic your Horfe ftandeth, and how neare, orhovyfarre offhec is from being in fie temper to runne a courfe, and if you then finde that he is in full ftrengtfajgood luft,and in an indijffcrcnt ordinarie cleannefTe,you (ballthen thus begin firft tofaftvion him vnto this dyet, Firft next his skinne youftiafllay a fairc ; linnem fhccccas well becaufe horfes naturally delight to ; befweeteand ncatcly kept, priding themfclues with the . daintinefle of their keeping,as alfo becaufe when nature bceing at any time <hfteinpeted in the Horfe, either through the ftraicnefle of his dyct, orthc ftrangeneflcof his foode,(which ordinarily is found with running hor- fes) hee willbreakefoorth into great fweates,infomuch that when y/ou come to him in the morning, you (hall oftfindehimall wctt, as if hec were troubled with the night-mare, then the h'nnen being next his skin, cuen as the force of nature or his fickneffe (hall leauetheir work- ing, fo will the linnen (hcetc coole andgrowedriea- gaine-, neither forcing him to fweat(as wollcn cloahtes will doe) nor retaining anymoyfturecxtraordinarilie, as yowrcjoathes of courfe Canuafe will doc 5 thcfirft hcing
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^he /ixt^Booke. 23
becingvnwh.olfome for theHorfes health ,the other a
S^eat annoyance vnto his body j ouer this fheete you ^Ulay as manycloaches of wollen and Canuafe, as *«al double in weight and warmth thofe cloathes which "ee vfually wore daily,as thus, if ordinarily he did weare a Canuafe cloath and a Blanket^ihcn now youfhall lay °n a blanket, athickecoucrlet and a cloath of canuafe, *U which you (hall bitidc clofe and warme before his ^caft,andthen with a furfingle gird them about his bo- *jfes. andftop him round with foftwifpes j the reafons *0^ thefe many cloathes being thefc two, firft that they ^ay hclpc nature to cxpell all grofTe, fbggieandvn- ^holfome humors which are gathered together in a h°rfes bodie by inforcing him tofweatcinthehoures Of his reft, which a Horle naturally (withfmall helpe) will doc, if heebeouerburdened with grofenes or faint* ^es, and thefefweates are moft kindely and leaftpain - twU: the fecond reafon is,thataHorfe beingouer-laden, ^d as it were fettered and bound vp in his cloathes, ^«en hee (hall come to be disburdened and ftript naked JjE fuch incumberances, he will be fo light, nimble, and Qeliuerinallhisattions that like aprifonerdifcharged ofhcauie boltes, his fecte will bee cuen winges to beare away his bodie •, alfo when a Horfe that is fo warme and lenderly.kept^ (hall come to hauchisskinneoppofeda- S^nftfharpeayte, the very piercing colde thereof will ^^ vnto htm as good as a paire of fpurres to enforce him to make haft in his lsbour,neither,wilhhe nanirall hcatc ' ^ich accompaineth and comfortcchthe heart,fo eafily *** baniiht into the outward parts, or bring to thehorfe ^y fence of faintnes. Next you fhalloblecue^hat your Stable be.clofe, w»rme3 and darke as may bee, and that |
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24 Hhefixt Bo'\e>
oucr and befides the darkenefTe of your Stable, you (hall
naylefome thicke Canuafe cloathes about your Horfe alio, both for ciofenes andwarmnes; both becaufeno coldeorfubtiilayrefruHiud.dainly ftrikeinto the horfe anddiftcrnperhts bojdy, andalfo becaufethe horfcfhall not diftinguifh the nighpfroro the day, but take his reft equally in thembothjwithout either the trouble of light ornoyfes. This done, you (hall euer bee carefull that your horfe may fraud orderly night and day vpon great ftore of Utter, atleafifafootedeepefromtheplanchers after your horfe hatHpreft it downe with his lying, both becaufc it (hall defend hira from the coldedampifhnes oftheearth, which, is verie vnhealthfull; and aifo be- caufc he fhal not holde his vrine in his body longer then the 6'rft prouocation of Nature, which if heehaue litter vnderhim hee will not doe, but if he want,hee will not piffe as long as he is able to containeit to the contrarie j befides, there is nothing wherein a Horfe takes more delight, then hnhefoftnefie of his bed, which aflbone as hee hades, you fihall fee by his much lying the delight hee takes in his lodging : and truely whofoeuer will ex- pect much toyle from ahorfe in the field, muftnora- bridgehim ofanj^eafe in the (table, andchieflieif heb§ a horfe offree and pure mettall. Next vnto thefe obferuations, you (halllooke houre-
lyto the keeping of your maunger cleane, both from duff, filth, or any vncleannes whatfoeuer; and if there be any walles of earth, mudde, or loame, or any thatch or fuch like filthines neare him, you (hall nayle Canuafe cloathes before them, fo that by no meanes your horfe may come to licte oi giu^e vpon them. Laftlyyoii (hali hauc regard to his rackea aiid fee that it bee hourely fvvepc
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The fixt 'Booke. 25
^ 1 |m - . -,fl „ r — . - ________
•Wept and kept cleane, both trom duft, cob-webs and
*Uch like filthines; and as touching the ordinar ie mcate ^hich you (hallput into his racke, during al the time of his dyet,it (hall be nothing but fweet Wheat-ftraw well vttafht giuen by a (heafe at oncc,morning and euening. Now when you hauc performed all thefc generail ob- ktuations,you(haIl then thus proceed to his more par- ticular dyet :Firft in the morning affoone as you come Thefirft fy«. into the Stable, which would be to a fat Horfe longbe' fore day,to a Horfe of good temper before Sun-rtfe,and to a feane Horfe long after the Sunne is rifen. Affoone 3s you haue put away his dung,and fuch foule litter as he hath that night fyled, and after you haue (wept & made your ftable clcane, you (hall then thruft your handvn- derhiscloathesjandfcclehisflankes whether hce haue fweat that night I or no, if you findchehaue fwcat, and is not fully drie, you fhall then turnevphis cloathes, and with cleane cloathes, rubbe him as dry as may bee; then if hce be a Horfe of grofie and foule feeding, you *halltake a newclaide egge and breakc it in his mouth, niake him fwalio we it (hells and all, then wafhing his Snaffle in a little Beere, orBeereand Salt, put it in his mouth, and fo leade him foorth and ayre him, as hath beene fet do wne in a former Chapter. After you haue brought in your Horfe from ayring,and fet him vp *n the Stable, you (hallfirft caufc all hisleggestobee rub'd exceeding much, and his feete to bee pickt cleane fr°mdurt,grauell and other filthineffe; then you (ball takeoffhisbrydlc, putonhiscoller, and giue him the value of halfe a peckc of Oates wafht in the whites of kgges and dry'd, if hebe a Horfe of good ftomacke and aPP«ites but if he be a horfe tender and dainty.then you Pp (hall
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2,5 The JtxtcBoo{e.
fhallnot giue him fo much at once ;butgiue him lelft
and often, wherefore as touching the quantities of meat which you flialgiae,your owndifcretion agreeing wirfi the appetite and ftomacke of the horfc,muiimakethenl moreorlefTeatyourpleafure. After your horfe hath ea* ten his me3le,which you fhali ftand by and fee him doc, you fhall then after you haue made your ftabJe cleane a- gaine,fhut vpyourdoore and windowes,and io let youf horfe reft till twelue a clock in the afrernoone; at which tin-t comming into the ftable, and hauing put away his dung, ami made all tbinges fweete and cleane about the horfe you fhall then put onhis brydle, and tye him vp to therackej and then drefTe,currie, and trim him, in filch fort as is before defcribed in the office of the Keeper; after you haue drcft your horfe, and cloathed himvp warme, hauing an efpeciall care that your horfe by no means frand flill naked,but that die groome be etier do- ing fomething about him (for fo long he will neuer rake coide) you fhall then lead him forth to the warer,either to fome fairefountain,or fame running fpring, or fome fiich water as you fhali thinke to be moft agreeable wSrfj your horfesbody: Ofall which waters, I haue in the for- mer booke of the office of the kecpe^writtcn fufficicnt- iy,and therforein this place thinke k needlefTe againe to repeat them. After your horfe hath drunkehis fill, you fhall then leads him intotheftableagaine, and hauing chaft and rub'd his legs well,you fhall then giue him th<? value of halfe a peek of your beft dyet bread cut in fmall peeces, which affoone as you fhall fee him eat, you (half 'theaftuit vp your /tabic door,&lct him reft til fine ofrbs clocke in rhceuening. Now you are from the fell rule* to gather thefe gcnerall principles, that firft yourh":^ |
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slhe fixt"Books, ij
drink during his time of diet,but once in 24 hoiires,
which is euer betwixt twelue, & one a clocke at noone, whe the Sun is at the hyeft i next that he is to be dreft but °ncein24houres,whichisatEvvelue a cloeke at noon alfo; then you ihall euer fee him eat his m"eat-,& whe you giue him any bread,you fhall chip your loaues well,and *eep your rules formerly prefcribed for hunting horfes, that is to fay, if your horfe cither be a grolTe feeding "Orfe&holde his meat long inhisbellyjor if at any time cither vpon the oc-cafion of hiscour fe, the giuing of me- dicine,or any other neceffity, you would hauc his meatc foone difgefted , you l"hall then giue him no cruft at all', |>ut all crum, for that fooneftpaffeththorowhim: but jfyourhorfebeofdaintie or tender nature, Gibicft to quickedifgeftion 5 or if by reafon of reft, or to comfort former toyle taken, you would hauehimtoretairieand holdehis mcatelong,then you (hall giue him more cruft then crum, or elscruftand crum equallymixt together, your loaues being onelyfleightlychipt and but rhevp- pcr part taken away only. Laftly, you ("hall euer obferuc when you dreifc your horfe, to annoint allhisfoure legges from the knees and cambrels downward with Linfecd-oyle, and euer when he comes from his conrfe, °r from any exercife to bathe them with piffeand.Salt- peeter boyl'd together. At flue of the clocke in theeuening, you fhal! come
Vr>to him,and firft making yourftable cleane,and putting avvay his dung,you (ball turnc vp his cloath, and with a "aire cloath rub his face, head, necke,butrockes,flanks, and belly}thcn with hard wifpes chafe his legges; which, "one, you (hall giue him the like quantitie of bread as you did at noone, and fo let him reft till the hour-e of ins P p 2 eucning |
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28 TheJixtcBoo{e.
- .11 1 1
cueningayring 5 for you muft vnderftand, thatasduely
as a horfe muft bee fedde or dreft, fo hee muft be ayred at his fie houres,morning and euening. After you haue brought your horfe from ayring, and haue chafe anct rub'd his legges well, you may giue him ahandfullof bread or thereabouts, and no more, and fo let him reft' till nine a clocke at night, at what time youfhallcome vntohim, andhauing rubb'd his bodiepuer with your haire<cloath,and hislegges with hard wftpes,you fhall then giue him the ordinarie quantity of bread, tofTevp his litter, make his bed foft, and fo let him reft till the next morning 5 and as youfpent this dayrfo you fhall fpend all otlierdayes ofyour horfes reft,oncly withthi* caution, that if as you feede your Horfe, you finde hint at any time grow coy orrefufethe foodc you giue him, then you fhall alter hisfoode, and in fieade of Breadc giueOates; and in ftead of drieoates,wetOates,and; whenhce is wearyofwecoates to giue him drieOatesa- gaine; yet to makcyour maine foodindeed to be onely Bread, and to vfe the other foodes but onely to make his appetite better to his bread. If any man fhall either thinke, or in, his experience finde, that thefe quantities which I prefer/be are tqogrcat,he may at hisdifcretiori abridge them: for in my iudgement when I confider- the want ofHay, the fharpnes of his ayrings, and compare his honres offafting with his houres of feeding, I doe not finde any quantitie that can bee abetter prcfidenr. Thcfiiftcour- After you haue thus kept yourhorfejas is- before fhew- **»' ed,for the fpace of two dayes, you fhallthe third day in ftead of ayring him,lead him in his cloathes to the place
appointed for his courfe, for it is to bee intended, tbaf ^oiimufteuer either throughright,louejOrmoney,haue |
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Tbefixt "Booke. 19
y°ur Stable as neare to the ftaffe where your race mud
£nd as conuenientiy you can get it, as in the next neigh- bouring village,or fuch like place of conueniencie5that j^ur Horfe comming toknowe that hee euerrunneth '^onieward, he will with more willingnes and fpirit, be- *'irre himfclfe in his labour. Alfoone as you haue brought your horfe to the fhrFc,
you {hall let him fmeli thereto^and if he will,you fhal let
him rub bimfelfethereon,or vfe any other motion what
hee pieafeth; then you ihall leade him forward,with all
*ealure aad gentlenes, ftanding many times ftill,boch to
prouokehimto dung, and piffe,and if he will-lie downe
andcumble,which Horf-mencaliFrftj»i#£,you (hall not
Onclygiue himlcaue, but alfo with the brydle reynes
helpe him to wallow ouer and ouer : but ifasyouicadc
himhecrefufeeithertodungor piffe, then being come
to the place offtart, you fhall vnloofe hisfiirfingle,and
brcake the wifpes open vnder his belly, for many horfes
Yvillrefufetopiflifor feare offprinckling vpon his legs,
Vvhichfewedainty horfe willindurej iothat whenhed
perceiues the wifps to be vnder him, he wil pifle inftant-
ly,andto that end it hedoenotofferatthefirft, you fhall
Jeade him ouer theni twice or thrice. When hee hath
pift,you fhal take fomc of the dryeft wifpes and chafe ail
hislegges; thenyou fhallvnbindehis cloathes from be-
f°rehis breft,and putting the iiback,fet on your faddle,
^nich donne, you fhall your felfe pifTe inyout Horfes
m°udi,whichwillbeanoccafionthathewilworkcand
run with pleafure,then you fhal take away all his clothes
a"d deliuer them to the groome, who may ryde towards
the ftaffe,with them: then after y-ou fhall ftartyour horfe
ana at more then three quarters fpeede, runne him ouer
Pp 5 the
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jo Tbefixt Book?.
thccourfe : and aflbone as you arc paft the ftaffe, yo11
fhall take him vp and ftay him : then trott him gentl/ backe to the (tafre, and let him fmell vpon it againe,'thaC by cuftome hee may come to take an efpeciall notice of the place; and know that there is the end of his labour '■ Then you rtiall gallop and fcope him gently vp and downetokeepehimwarme, vntill his cloatb.es come* then lighting from his backe, and cloathing him, yoU (hall ride him vp and downe till hebeefufficientlycoo- \ led, and then ride him home, and fet him vp in the fta- ble clofe and warme, cafting another cloath oner him j theahauingrubb'dhisleggesujfficiently Iethimftand, benigtyedbyhisbrydievptotheracke, for atleafttwo j or three hourcs or more, and then come to Him, and if you finde that his fweate is all dryed vp,you ("hall take off the fpare cloath, and hauing flopped his furfingle about with (oft wifpes,you (ball giue him forth of your hand* a handfull or two of the cares of Pollard wheate, and fo let him ftand till one of thecloeke at noone, at what timeyou (hall bring vnto.him a very fweeteMafh , and giue ithim to drinke. After he hath drunke his mafh, you fliall giue him two or three handfuls of Oates wafht in Muskadine,and dry'd;andmingled with them a hand- ful! or two of cleaned reft Hempieede. After hee hath eaten theiii,you fhall then vndoath him, and currie and dreffe him,as hath beene formerly defcribed, then cloa- thing him vp warme againc, let him (land till fine of the clockeat euening, at what time you (hall, giue him 3 good quantitieof bread, which afloone as hee hath ea- ten, you fliailbrydlc him vpandleade him forth to ayre him, of what ftate of bodie foeuer hee be, both becaufe hauing in the morningindured great toyle in his courf^, it
. .if |
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'The Jixt'Booke. 51
lc is rcquifite hee fhould haue comfort in his ay ring, and
afo that you may haue great refpeft to his dung, obfer- lllng both the temper, the colour and the flimineffe.,and Whether there come from him any greafe or no , which *' hee doe auoyde, it is an apparant figne of his foule- t)cfle 5 if he doe not, it is a good token of his eleanneffe. After his ayring, you fhall fet him vp,chafe his legges, ^dgiuehirnahandinllof bread, letting him ftand till £ine ofthe clocke at night, at what time (as you did in. *°rmer nights) fo you fhall now giue him a good quan- tity of bread j rubbe his head, face,necke,bodie and but- tocks with a haire-cloath , ltirre vp his litter and fo let him reft till the next morning, obfcruing according to the expence of thefe three daies,fo to fpend the firft fort- >iight,courfing your horfe euery third day,both that you may bring him to an acquaintance with his race, and al- io that you may come to the better iudgment ofthe ftate °f his body, for if in this firft fortnightyou finde your Horfe to drie inwardly, and grow coftiue, which is the Oaturall fault of running horfes,then you fhall vfe moyft Wafht meat the oftner,put more Butter into your bread, and in time of neceffity,giue him a handful or two of Rie *odden,but ifyou finde him naturally giuen to loofenes, which is feldome found in this dyeting,thenyou fhal put no butter at all into your bread, you (hall feed him with wafht meate well dry'd,and giue him wheatc cares both before and after his ayrings,you fhall chip his bread lie- tie of nothing at all,and let it be baked fomewhat the fo- rcr. Now after this firft fortnights keeping, ifyou finde your horfe a little cleaner then he was, and that hee is ftcong and in goodiuft5then both for your ayrings, dref- nngs, dyetingSj watrinss,and other obferuations, you 1>P4 V fhall
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{hall in all thinges doe as you did in the firit fortnight
onely with this difference, that inyourcouriings,yotf Hull no t bee fo violent,or draw him.vp to fo bye a fpeed as formerly you did, but play with hinij and as it were no more but gallop him oner the race, that thereby bee may take pride and delight in his labour, onely once in each wceke.that is,inthemiddleof each weeke,being aC lcaft fine dayes betwixt one and the other, if your Horfs bee young,ttrong,and lofty, you (ball giue him a fweate in his cloathes, cither vpon the race which youmufl runne, or ellc vpon fome other ground fit forthepur- pofe; but ifyour Horfebee olde.,ftirTe, or tainted, then you fhall giue him the fweatesin his cloathes within the Stable, the manner ofeach fweate is ina former Chap- ter difcribed, and thefe fweates you (Ivall giue vcric carcly in the morning, as an houre before Sunne-rife» thathee may be coolde, bane his mafir giuen him, and. be curryed. snd dreft foone after eleu:n adockcinthe fore-noone, the day following the latter of thefe two fwcates ,y ou {lull earely in the morning before you goe foorth co ayre him, giue him the fco wring of'Muskadixc, Sidiet-oyleand Sngit-Cwdiej.% is mentionedin the books of Hu-nting , and then leadc him foorth and ay re him, bur in any cafe kecpe. him not foorth aboue halfe an houre at the moit,butbring him home, fethim vppc warine, tye him (o that bee may lye downe, lay an handful 1 or two of Oates before him, and fo let him reft tilltwelue or one a clocke in thcafcer-noone,at\vhat limeyoufhallwater him, dreiTehim, andfeedehimas you did in the former dayesof his reding. After this fweate thus giuen,you fhall euery third day
for exercife fake, gallop your Horfe as gently oucr the race
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^Thefixt 'Boofy. 33
taccasmay be,one!y tokeepehis Ieggcs nimble,and his
breath pure, till the fourth day before the day of your ^agcr, vpon which day you fhall giue your Horfe a found and (as my country-men of the North tearme it) abloudycourfeouer the race; then after-he iscoldeand wrought home, as foone as you jiauc chait his legges ^'ell, you fhall take a Muzzle made of canuafe or lea- ther, but canuafe is the better,of which Muzzle lhaue %oken more particularly in the booke of hunting. This jTui22.cU you fhall pur vpon your horfes head, andfaften it betwnene his cares; yet before you put it on, you fhall throw into itthe powder of Annyfeedcs well beaten in a uiorter, which is allthefpiccyon fhall vfe about your horfe, and euery time yon take off or put on the muzzeli, you fliall put more powder in. This powder of Anny- feedcs is for the horfe to fmell vpon, becau(eitopcneth thcwiirdc-pipCjariafomctimest6iickeYpon,becaufe it comforteththeilomacke, and ttrengthneth a horfe in his fading,y"ou fhall alfohauediuersmuz.ze!s,thar when yourhotfewich his breath andfuch like moyPt vapours hath wet one, and madeitnoyfome, you may then put °'i another which is d'ric, and fo keepe himfwecreand' clcaneiy jWaffiinghis foule mtizzel),'aod drybgit before 'he nre,chat it may feme at another feafon. After you hane muzzcld vp your horfe thatheecan
€atc nothing but what you giue hurt, yon fhall let him reft for an boure or two,and'take away the wheat ftrawe from his rackc, not fuming him to haue any more racke meate till the wager bee paft. After hec hath flood two noure5,you fhal come to him and giuehim two or three hand full of wheat-eares, and after them a fweete mafh, ^enmuzzcllhimvp againe, and let him ffarid till itbec betwixt
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34- The fixtcBool{e.
betwixt twelueandone aclocke in the after noone, at
what time you' fhall firft takeoff hiscloath and currie and dreffe him very diffidently., thcnhauing cloaihed himvp warmeagaine,you fhall take offhisMuzzle, and giuehimoutof yourhand bittebybitte to thcvalueof a pennie white loafe of your dyet bread, then you ("hall giue him in a cleane difh the value of a quart of water, then you fhall giuchim as much more bread, then offer him as much more water,and thus giuing him one while bread, another while water., giue him a good meale, ac- cording to'the conftitution of his body,and the ftrength of his appetite, then put on his Muzzle, and fo let him' {land till betwixt flue and fixe a clocke in the euening, at what time you fhall take your horlefoorth to ayrehirri, and after he is ayred you (hall bring him home, and ha- iling chaft his legges you fhall take a cleane boulc or tray ef wood (for you muft vnderftand after your horfe is put into the Muzzle you fhall fuffer him no more to cate in the maunger) and into that boule or tray you fhall put a good handfull of Gates wafh'd in the whites of egges and dryde, which if you perceiue he eates very greedily, fhall then giue him another handfull, and fo a third* then in a difh you fhall offcrhimaquartof water, then another handfull of Oates, and another quart of water, and thus you fhall giue one after another till you haue giuenhim agoodmeale likewife, then put onhisMuz- zle,and let him ftand till betwixt nine and tenne a clocke at night, at what time you fhall come to him, and as you fedde him at noone with bread and water, foyoii fhall nowfeedehim with bread and water likewife, then putting on his Muzzle, rubbing him, and railing vp his litter, let him ftand till the next morning. The next day |
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1hefixtcBoofy. ]i
ls a day of reft, fo that after you haue ajred him in the
horning you (hall then onely fcedehim asyoudidthc <% before, onely you muftvndcrftand thatthefe three <kyes betore your race day you (hall in your ayrings bee *°nger abroad then vfually you were wont to be, both that you maykcepe him in perfed breath, and fufferno gcofeneffeto increafe, and alfoto procure him a good ftomacke, and a longing appetite. After two of youc foure dayes are thus fpent in ayring and feeding, the third dayyou (hall fpend in the fame manner alfo, both touching his ayrings and feedings, but the timebetwixc his meales you (hall fpend in coiling his eares, maine, chappes, eye-browes, and other partes of his body that are charged with fuperfluous hakes; y ou (hall wa(h and fcowre both his maine andtaile with fope and water, and then if at the race day you meane to haue itfrizeld andbrodsredout brauely to thefhowe, you (hall plat them both in as many fcuerallfmall piats or firings as you canconueniently, and knit eueryfeuerall plat and ftring mas many knottesasyou candeuife,forthele(fe >'our plats are, and the moreknots you knit the brauelier will yourhorfes maine or taile curie, and the gallanter it Will appeare to the beholders. This day alfoyou fhallfeethat the Smith fhooeyour
horfebotheafily and fufflciently, according to the na- ture ofthe courfe-, that is to fay, if thecourfebeevpon foft greenefvvarth, rotten moore, or durtie earth, then you thai (hooehim with halfc (hoocs,both becaiifethey Preuentouer-reaching (which often chaunccs in fuch grounds) and alfo giuesfoot-holde inough, which is all the necelTuie in fuch a courfe : But if the race bee vpon hardheathes,hie-wayes3or flintie, or chaukie grounds, then
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3 6 '/ heJixt'Bookp.
then yon Qui ihooe him with whole flioes,neither halts
fo broad,nor halfefothicke as the hunting fhooe, Afr£f your horfe is thus prepared, the next day following* which is the day before your race day,you fhali tyte^Qi' der and feed your horfc, as you did in the former dayes, onely you (Kail giue him no water at all. After you haus flnifhcd watringand feeding him attwelueofthec'.ockc in the aftcrnoone, till your wager bee pad, onely you fhall feede him with whatmeate hec hath moftftoimck vnto,bothintheeuening, and at nine a clockealfo, gl- uing him as much quictncfTs and reft as you can deuif e: Vpon the race day in the morning before the fpringof the day, you fhall take foorth your horfc and ayrc him; then when you haue brought him home, you fhall giue him (after hislegges haue bcene well rubbed and an- noy oted with Linfced-oylc, or Traine oyle) as many toaftes fleept in Muskadine, and dryed as he will eate,or if out ofthedainttneiTe ofhisftomacke, hee takediflikc vnto them,ydu fhall onely giue him halfc a pecke of fine clcanc Oate-meale well drycd, then put on his muzzell, and fo let him take his reft, till you haue warning to pre- pare him for his courfc, which adoone as you haue,yoi» fhall theiirft thing you doe, take halfeapinteofSacke, and hauing brewed it well with the powder of Anny- feedes and Sugar candie, giue it your horfc : then lay hiscloathcs hanfomeiy and ix\ good order about him, flopping the fuifingle round about with foft wifpes> then if you haue any couering of filkc, or other finer cloath for the fhowe^asforthemoftpartNoble-rnen and great pcrfons haue) then you fhall lay it the vpper- molt, and hide both tic other cloathes and tbs yvifpes slfo-j then you fhail vnplatce both his raayne and |
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Thefixt<Boo{e. 37
tayle, feuering euerie haire one from another, then you
frail wa(h his Snaffle inalittleBeere, and put it in his ^outh, then with fome fine riband or lace, you fhall tye ^phisfore-toppe, fo that it may not dangle or hinder his fight>and whileft you are dooing thcfe thinges, you frail make other Groomes doe nothing but rubbehis kgges, thus when you haue fitted euerie tiling conueni- *ntly}you fhall take Vinegar into your mouth andfpirc lt into your Horfes noftrels, and fo leadc him towardcs fre race, in fuch manner and forme as was {hewed you *n the Horfes firft courfe, and after you come at the race end,when you haue rubd his legges,and afmuch as you can,prouok'chimtopifTeand dung, then you fhall vn- |irdhiscloathes,fet on your faddle, fpirt Vinegar into his noftrels, and then mount his backe, and when the Watch-word is giuen,ftart him and runnchim according to your Art and courage, Chap. 7.
"" ------ 1 . --------------------1,------L----------------------------------__~------•
Ohferuatiens to bee v/ed, and imonuemevcn- '
which happen during the dyeting of
RunningHerJes. ^T O W forafmuch as there bee diners general! ob-
^ feruations, which you fhall obferue, during the. time of dyeting your Horfe,I will as neere as I can *ct them downe in fuch fort, as may Bee beft fitting for: Jour memory,wherfore firft you (hall obferuethat once or twice in a week when you giue your horfe any oatcsj, t<? giue him,;* little Muftard-feede mingled therewith* which.
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x8 The/ixt<Boo%e.
which will makeyourhorfeneefe,and purge his head of
all groffe matter. You fhal alio obferue,that when your Horfes dung lookes of a paalifh yellowe colour, and is of an indifferent hardneffe both in fubftance and fmclli Iiketotheordurcofaman, chat then it is beft, and the Horfein ftrongeft temper. You (hall obferue, that after yourhorfe comes to the ftrcngth of feeding, and chat his dung fmeUsftrongly.thatthencuery timeyoucome into theftable you burne either Iuniper, Frankcnfrnce, Storaxc, or fome other perfume, both to take away the cuill fmellj and to comfort the horfe. Alfo you fhall ob* feme, that if yourHorfebe anexeeding groffe feeder, and that he will cate vp his litter in great aboundance, that then you may put him into his Muzzle forafort- night or three weekes before the race day, but if he be a horfe of a tender and dainty ftomackc, fo that you fhall with great difhcultie make him eate any thing at all, in this cafe you fhall not put him into the muzzle at all, a* boue^one night beforethe raceday, for the vfe of the rouzzie is onely but to keepe him from foulc andvn- wholfome feeding, and to prepare and get him a fto- macke s alfo you fhall obferue, rhat when you giue your horfe a playing courfe, that is to fay, when you dociio more but gallop him ouerthe racefo leafurely as you candeuife,thatif th'enyoudoeit inhiscloathes it fhall be very good, and more wholfomc for the horfe then if you did giuehimfucha courfe naked/for if hce bee in- good and perfed temper, then that gentle exercife will no more but make him warme in his cloathes. Laftly you fhall obferue, that after your horfe is pet'
fedly cleane, and in perfed ftatc of body, if then he take a generall loathe vnto his dyetingfoodj and will not by |
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IhefixtTSoofse. 39
*j}y mcanes touch any part of it, then you ft all not fpare
!* for the recoueryof his ftomackeyou giuc himany °^d whatfoeuerioramealeortwo,aseithcrhay,graffe, °rrage, hunting bread, peafe and br annc, or eucn com- mon horfe-breadjfor the common Pronerbe being, ^atalitt'edothbutalntlehurt. In this cafe to preucnt a greater mifchiefe, youmuft be content to runne into * greater inconucnience. Many other obferuations Stere be which your experience will produce vnto your Memory, and which acquaintance and familiarity a- ^ongft men skilfull in this Art will bring to your know- edge, of which now my remembrance is barren of, ^'uereforc nor doubting but thefc being carefully loo- *ed vnto,Will giue you ail reafonable fatisfa&ion, for ^iereft 1 will re.Ferre themtoyour ownepra&ife, and lhe difputations of others reafons. Now for thcinconueniences which are moftaptto-
M out during this time of dyeting running ho- fes, they *re three in number, namely, lamencffe of members, llcknelIeof body, or diflikeof food. Topreuent lame^ 'We of limbes, you muft let your excrcife be moderate, ar>d vfedayly thofefupple oyntments which arc fouer Jaigne for the limbs; as linfecd oyle,traine oyle, fhecps- {°ot oyle, neats-foot oyle, and fuch like: al! which are tobe vfed before trauelb and piiTe and fait-peter, nerue- °yle,oy!c debay, and oylcPeroJiu???, all which are to be vkd alter labour: but if notwithstanding all thefc helps ^tlamcneffc doe chance to happen, then you muftve- Paireto the next Bookc following, which conteineth he office of the farrier, wherein yottfnali findc remedy Preuery forance:asfor (icknciTe of body to preucnt it, y°Um^ftkeepe the body cleaneby icowrings5thebloud |
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piH'i
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40 ci hefext 'Bookj.
Pure by good dyet,and the fpirits a<5Hue,and in ftrengtb
by healthfull exercife; but if Iikewife crofTe to your in* deuours thischaunce of (icknes and mhrmitie happe11 vnto your Horfe, then you (hall repaire Iikewife to the next bookc, where you (ball finde receits for eueryiffr perfe&ion in Nature,as wholfome purgations,comfof table drinkes, and the beftghfters, of which you (ball ftandmoftinneede inthiscafeofftraitedyeting; fori' your Horfe in the time of this cfpeciall keeping, doc by any accident drie inwardly, fo that he cannot dung but with great paine and difficultie, you (ball then notloo' fen him by any purgation or fco wring, for that through his pafiagc amongft the inward vefTels, and mixing with the blood and fpirits, doth weaken a Horfe too much* but onely you (ball adminifter a glider vnto him which is moftkindely, both cooling and comfortable. No^ laftly for his diGike of foode, to prcuent it, you muft vf<5 oft change of food, and certaine times in your feeding» but if notwithftanding it happen, then you muft repairs it by much ayring,and longer time of fading : Andthtf* much both for obferuations and inconuenienccs. |
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Chap. 8.
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Certaine helpet andrulesfor-theRiders4tidfow
heefhallrunnehit Horfe At tkebeft |
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Of might. /"X F all the adu antages which are either to bee ga j'
\J ned or loft,there is none greater or more careful
t ly to be refpe&ed, then cither the giuing, or tb6
, ... . joofiog |
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Ihejixt 2?00%. 41
loofing ofwaight, for it is moft certain and I haue fccnc
many experiments thereof, that a pound waight aduan* tage hath both wonnc and loft the wager, as thus,he that hath becne a pound waight heauicr hath loft, andthat pound waight being abated hce hath wonne,for in long orforecourfes, where waight is to be felt, there leffc then a pound is verietroublefomc i and though thefe chances happen not in euericcourfcj at leaft are not fo feuerally lookt into, yet for mine owne part, I giuethis caution to all thofe which intend to make any match v p- on running Horfcs, by no meanes to giuchis aduerfaric any aduantage in waight,for though it be neucr fo little in a mans fence or apprchenfion, yet it is a great matter, in thcend of the wearie labour. Thewaight, which for the moft part isagree'd vpon
in matches in thefe daies,and the ccrtaine waight which is allowed inall Bcllxourfes throughchisLand, where menaEcthcTydersis ten ftonc waight, each ftonc con- taining 14. pound', and(being in a match for a Bel) if he Vvhichcomesfirftvntotheftaffe, want any thing of his due waight,(whichis prefently to be tryed by the fcales) hce (hallloofe his aduantagc,and the fecond horfe (hall haue thcBcll, but if the fecond horfe want waight alfa, then the third horfe (hal haue it,and fo fro horfe to horfe til it come to.the laft;horfe,and for mine own part,I haue fcenecourfes where for want of waight the hindmoft horfe hath beene adiudged the Bell, and indeed it is his due if he bringhis true waight to the ftaffe, and be feenc to gallop the courfc thorow 5 but it in the courle hee he fcenctolcauegallopingasdifparing in the match, then he fhaHchallenge no aduantagc,becaufe his owne ycel- ^ing wasarefignatio of all his right in that daics* victory. |
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4&i Tbe/ixt'Boofy.
Now if no horfc bring his waight to the ftafte, then
tfeeBelLflial be giuen to that horfe which rannc with the greateft waight. Thele Dawes being well considered, icis the pare ofeuerie good Rider to makchimfelfe a fall compleate waight, and if he be of himfclfc fo lighr, that heerauft carry dead waight,.then to carry it in a- thicke plate of leade, folded and fowed vp in doath or - canuafe,and going like a girdle about his breft vnder his ,arme-pus,and to be borne vp with two eroffe Bautricks ouerthwart their fhouldersj, for fo (hall it bee lcaft trou- blefomc both to the Horfe, and to the Rider,whereas to carrie dead waight, as I haue feenciwany Riders doe,ei- ther about their waftes, or in the pockets of their brce- cheSjit muft heeds bee verie vilde, a-nd cannot chufe but beate a man mightily,both vpon the thighes and bodie». To ride with a plate coatc, ( as I haue feene a principal!; Rider doe) cannot but be moft troublcfome, or to beare fodsofearthabotttamanistheworftof alljfor the earth drying, looferh the waight, and fo puts in danger the wager. I would not haue aRider by any meanes to ride fafting,for though fome fuppofe they are then lighteft, yetdailyproofesihewcsvs, that they are heauier,then when their bodies haue taken moderate fuftenancc. Ofxdaantage Now fince lam entred thus farre into thefe aduanta- againftaduan-ges,I will ihewyou one moftneceffary which hitherto I pagf.., ^aue omktedjWhich is aduantagcagainft advantage, as thus for example: Ifyou being the maifter of a horfc of
principall good fpeed,<hall be either brauedor challen- ged by him that hath ahorfebutofa meanefpeed,faying .- nee wilrunnc with you fuch a courfe ifyou will but giuc him one quarter of a mile aduantagc,you that by certain pipofc andtriallknowcs your horfe is able to oucr-runt " *** • bin* |
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Ibejixt "Booke, 4.3
himinthatcourfe aboue three quarters of a mile, will
prefently make the match : Inthiscafe,youfhallbyno meanes agree to giuehim oddes, oraduauntage of the quarter of a mile at the beginning of the race , for that mayfoonebringyoutobeealoofer; and the reafon is this: your aduerfarie at the ftart ftands a iuft quarter of a mile before you, and thefignebeeing'giuen., you both ftart, you hauethena quarter of a mile to runne before you come to his narting place,, which ifyoudcyenot runne at the height of your horfes fpeede, then your ad-v Ucrlary will begot another quarter of a mile before you, andthen your wager is in great hazzard,but fay you doe runnc at youtbeft fpeede, (b that when you come to the cndofthefirft quarter, your aduerfarie running but at a three quarters fpeed (as if he be wife he will not ruane fafter) is but halfc a quarter before you, then haucyou that halfe quarter to runne vpon the fpurres alfo: when that is done,fay he be bin twentiefcorc before y oUjthat muft bee runne vpon the fpurres alfo : then fay hee be °ut tweluc (core before,you muft runncthat at the fame fpcedealfo : then fay you come inthattwelueicoreto Wtockehim,you fhallthcnfindc heehauingrunne all the while before at his owne eafe,and within his fpeede, will now bee able to giue afrefh loofe from you and al- l^oft to double the fpeede hee before held, whileft y out "orle hauing before neither had eafc, nor breath giuen "itn, will euen through defpaire andfaintneffe, yeeld ia ws labour, except hee be aHorfe of fuch an inuincible Spirit ashathfewe or no equalls: whereas on thecon- trarie part, giue the aduauntage at the laftendofthe r*ce, fo that you may ftart cheeke by cheekc together* at*dyou (hall in the ftrft quarter of the mile buxfthim9 Qp ^ --flaA
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44 lheiixt(Boo\e*
and inforcing him to runne beyondhis ftrength,hc will
not be able to indnre his gallop,but wil tyre mod fhamc* j fully. For as a horfc beeing kept in his ftrcngth gro wes proudcinhis labour; fobeeing ftretched beyond his ftrength,heegrowes weakeand faint harted. Butleauing thefeaduauntages, and to returnc to my
tfse'Horff. pwpofc^ after the Ryder hath made his waight, and all runners appa-other his accouterments, in fuch fit forte as becomes a ■ good Horf-man; that is to fay,his garments light,cIofc, and cafic,his Cappefaftvponhis hcad,hisbootes with-
out wrinckleSjand his fplitreseafiefor his heelesjhauing vcriegoodfieclerowcls: then beeing mounted vpon his Horfe, and bcingceady for the ftart, hec fruitcake a couple of roddes finely rufh growne, of good tough' Birch, notbecingabouean cllc long, andoneofthem hefhallputvnderhis girdle, and themother hec fhall car- rie in the midft croffc wife between his teeth; then fhall1, hec take vp his Brydle rcyncs, and hauing made them' ceucn,he(hallholdethemfafthetweenehis fore-finger and his thumbc9 and then hankc them about his -hand-'' twice, drawing them vnto fuch a firrne (traitneffe, that - albe hec let the fuft hanke loofe, yetthe fecond (halt: holde his Horfeat afufficicntcommaundment. Ami' beeing thus readily prepared > carrying his legges clofcf by his Horfes f>des, with his toes turned inward to- wardesthc polntes of the horfes fore-fhouldersjfothae* thchorfe may neither feele the fpurre, nor yet his legges be borne fo farreoff, but that vpon the leaft occafion he may inftantly giue him the fpUrres. Aflbone as the watch word for the ftart if giuen, hec
{hall by bowing his body a little forward towardes hit -hoxfcsnsck, with all coolnes and gentknes that may be/ ifcU-f*
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^_ The fixtlBooke. 4.5
ftarthis horfe into little more then an ordinarie gallop 5
*or there is not amorevilde or vn Horfman-like moti- on, then to ftart ahorfefuddainly3orinfurie,bothbe- caufeifthe Horfebe ofafurious and great fpkitjfuch an intemperate haftincffe will driue him into a violent rnadnefle, in which hee will either choake himfclfcat firlt in his owne windc,or elfe runnc away fo faft that he .Will abate his ftrength before he haue occafion to vfe it, ~as-I haue feen many times happen between a mad horfe, and a mad Horf-man. Now it is certainc that there befomeHorfes(as I
haue both feene and ridden fuch) which though the Horf-man bee neuer fo temperate and milde, yet out of the hardneffe of their mouihes,and theviolence of their fpirits3ifthey be either ftartedamongft other horfes, or heare horfes comcthundring after them,will( whether the Rider will or no) runnc at the height of their vtter- moft powers,whileft they haue either ftrength or winde. Such ahorfe if you chance to ride vpon who hath nei- ther patience in flatting, nor temper in running, then I Would haue you to fuffer fuch horfcr as runne againft you to ftart before you,and you with all gentlenes to fol- low them eucn in the v erie path, that one of them runs, fo that if he offer to runne fafter then he fhould,hce fhalf be inforced to runnc ouerthe horfe which runnes be- fore him,which feldome you fhall finde anyhorfe with- out compulsion wiiidoc, by meanes whereof you fhall reapethefe two benefits: Firft that youfhallkeepe your horfcin that temper offpeede which you defire, and fe- prcferue your horfeboth in ftrength and Winde : andfo condly, what with the noife ofyour rCining, and the fcare thatyouwilltrcadevponhisheelcs,youfnalldriueyour Qq 5 tduerfariq |
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4.6 The fixtcBoo{e.
aduerfariefofaft before you, that through feare and fa-
ncy ou (hall beate him out of winde,and make him faint much fooner then if hec ranne at his owne plcafure, infomuch that when you haue riddena mylc or more,at whactime your Horfe will come to coolene(Te,and tem- perate ryding, you (hall finde him in that ftrength of windeandbodie, that you may take what way you will and rule your horfe by the directions of your owne thoughts. But if your Horfe bee fo extreame madde, that hee will not fuffer any horfe to ftart before him, nor yet ftand ftill with any quietncfle till the time of ftarting, you fhall not then take his backe till your ad- uaerfariesbee all ready mounted, and then aftboneas you get vp, you (hall ftand a horfe length or two at leaft behindeyour aduerfarics, and caufe your Groome to holde him quietly by the head, hauing his face turnd the contrarieway, to that which he (hould runne till the o- ther Horfes be ftarted, then vpon their ftarting, the groome (hall turne him gently about, and you fhall ftart with all quietnes j and though you will rhinke the loflc of fo much ground is a great dif-aduantagc, which can- not be at the moftabouefortie or threefcoreyardes, yet it is not fo,for beleeueit to loofe t weluefcore yardes, fo you may bring your horfe to runne tempetately, will be double gained in a courfe of foure myle, for nothing bringes a Horfe fooner to faintneffe then intemperance and indifcretion at the flrft ftarting. Thefe Horfes of which I haue hitherto fpoken, being
of great courage and mettall, are intended to be of great fpcede and fwiftne(Te,for it is impoffrble to finde tough- nes and furie ioyn'd together, becaufe the one doth-euer confound the other: Wherefore if the Horfe you ride' vpon
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The fixt "Booke. 47
vpon bee fwift and fpritie, you fhall let your aduerfa-
rie leade you, till you finde your horfe begin to ride at fome commandmentjthen you (hall thruft vp to the fide of your aduerfarie, and fee in what fort he rideth, whe- ther he haue madeany vfe of his fpurres,whether he ride With a loofehand3or whether he vfe any other clofe cor- rection, as either to giue him a chock in the mouth with his brydle,to dafh his feete forward vpon his ftirrop-lea- thers.or toftrikehim with his fpurre vpon the contrary fide which is from you, which you fhall know by the whisking of the horfes tayle> any of thefe ifyou doe per- ceiue, and fcele your owne horfe to run at his eafe, you fhall then neither increafe nor diminifh your fpeede,buc hold him vp to that fpecde till you come within the laft myle of the race,and then you fhal loofc a hanke and puc your horfe forth faftcr, which if your aduerfarie fecond and follow youclofe,then you may beftow a good ftroke with your fpurres, or a good iert or two with your rod, and then letting goe your laft hanke,and being neare the end of your race,(hoot away as faft as you can make your horfe goe 5 but if vpon the firft letting go of your hanke, you finde that your aduerfarie doth not feeond you, buc lopfeth ground,then you fhall make good your hanke a- gaine,and onely loofe it when hee fhall come neare you, till you haue wonne the wager: for euerie good Horfe- man ou ght to bring his'horfe»to the laft part ofthe race, with as great ftrength as may be,and not as I haue feene many doe, to fpur away fo faft vpon the firft aduantage, that when they come to the end of the race where is both the greateftconcourfe of people, and where the Horfe fhould fhow his beft fpirit, they many times with 8reat difficulue gallop, although their aduerfarie bee Q^ 4 ac
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48 <Thefixt<Boo{e.
at lead a quarter of a myle behinde them, wherefore a
iudieial Horf-man knowing his aduantages fhould hold then: and fo though he runne not farre before his aduer- fary,yetby his gallantnes in running, and the pride of his Horfes countenance, hee fhall declare to the world that he could do more,iiit were his plcafure, and this is the beft manner of ryding, & moftlikea good Horfman, But if you runne ag*inft many Horfes, fo that if you Ofninping fhouy ride at any one particularly,you fhould loofc ad- Harfei.many uantage of the reft j In this cafe you haue but oncly this courfe ofriding,firft to ftart with as great temperance as you can, and whileft all the horfes run in a clutter toge- ther, to followe them clofe at the hccles, and when you fee any one or two ofthem to breake from the reft,onety to amend your fpeed but a little more,and to come vpto the hinmoft horfe, whom if you fee to ride at his owne eafe, and with good ftrength, you fhall drawe him on a little fafter,and looke to the formoft horfes which brake away firft, and if you perceiue that either ofthem whisketheirtailes about, or that yon fee their rydcr lye clofeandbegifitolabour, you fhall then letthem goe, and hold you your certaine fpeed ft ill amongft the reft, fpr they being at ftrife one with another,wilI foone burft themfelues,and when their winde begins to gro w weake and their Riders would a little eafe them, then you fhall thrufivp hard vnto them and by no meanesgiucthefn leaucto take any breathing: yet you fhall notcouet to runne paft them, but vpon them, till be iug within three q-uatters ofa mile of the ftaffc, you fhallthen put him to the vttermoftofhis power, and either win or loofein- ftantly,fothattofpeakein a word, ifyou runne amongft Biimbers>neu.erftriueJnor(!fyoiicaflhindcritj)beftrii!ea with ali>
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*Thefixt(Boo{e. 4?
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v»ith5iJutk€cpingacertainticinyourfpccd,takeyout
aduantagc when you fee others are weakued. Hitherto I haue oncly fpoken of fwitt norles, be-Of running a
caufe in them is rooft Art to be vfcd , but if your horfe *££"* bee not full fo fwift, yetverietough,andofgreatindu- ranee then you (hall vpon your firft ftart run away at the Icaft at a three quarters fpeed, for the firft mile, yet not runne before hira,but cheek by cheeke or hard vpon his heele, thatyoumay compcll him to runne as violently as you can, and when you haue got him to any great fpeed, you (hall then hold your bridle feme what ftraite, yetbeftowe the euen ftroke of your fpurres twice or thrice together: then when you come within a mile and ahalfeof the end of thccourfe,you 'ftiallfparc neither lodde, nor fpurrc,but runne away with all the fpeed you can till the wager be wonne or loft. Now for generall rules in your ndmg.you (hallknow ^¥"a **"
thathe which will run a race, muft haue a lure, a ftrong, ms* and a clofefeate without mooning in his faddlc or pref- fing too hard vpon his ftirrop leathers, he muft carrie both his armesclofe to his body, and when he vfeth hisf " fodd"e he muft not moouc his arme any more then from the elbowe downward:when he fpurshe muft not fetch his legs witha long b!owe,but gripe his horfe vpon each fide fharply&fuddainly-ifwhen he is inthc very height of his rnnning,when he fpurres hir horfe, hec pcrceiuc him to whiskehis taile,andclappehis eares dole to his neck,hcfhallthcnforbeare tofpurhim,and rather feck to giuehim breath, beeaufehcisthenat the vttermoft °f his power, andtotormentfurther wereto make him faint and defperate* he fhallneuer ride his horfe with a kofehand but holding his rcincs at an indifferent ftraic- OS 5 - ncffc»
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,5o The fixt'BoQ^e.
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-r.ciic keepe his horfe inwindc and courage.
Now for:the rules of foule play, as the crofsing of
waies3the ftriking your aduerfaries horfe th wart the face asyouparTebyhim^hcfhouldringhimvpintovneeuen pathes or rough waic, whereby y»u may indanger to o- ■uerthrowe him j orasyou ride clofe by him with your foote to dafti his foote out of his ftirrop, or riding kneC tokneetqputyourkoeevnderthe thigh of your adue^' fary and fo fceke to boift him out of thefaddle,or laying your hand vpon his fhoulder, to pull him backward; of in riding by him to twitch his rod either from his hand, mouthjor girdle,or a world of other fuch like knaueries, as they are both contrarie to faire play, & the grounds, of many great quarrells and greeuances amongft great perfbns, fo I with euery good ryder3 not onelie to fhunne them but with his vttcrmoft power to deteft hiai that will put them in pradife, becaufeit is both the figneof adiflioneftnaturejandistheonely meanes to bring confufion to that fport which is moft praifc-wor- thie. And thus much for the rules both good and euill which accompanie the running rider. ' CHAP. 2 ' ~
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The office ofthe Sadler\and thebejl fide of his
commodities. fTf^fireatl^ TOtthatI am ambitious of the name of generall
e. 1^ knowledge, nor that I would haue the world to repute me fuch an officious Conftable that I wrH make priuie fearches into occupations beyond my commiffion,doel intend to handle this matter of the Sadlers offke.But fince I haue thus farre waded into this generallreuclationofallthingsbelongingtotheskil»111 horfemao
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IheJixt^Booke. 51
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°rieman, and that cuery Gentleman,horfman,or other
*ai>ailer,may know how to apparrell his horfe, which is ?°ft bc'autifull, which moft eafie, and which moft hurc- J">lrneane according to mine experience, to deliuer "Jctrue{hapes andbenefites of Saddles, and other im- j/Ctnents belonging to a horfe,and to fhew which is the ^eeteft for the mansfeate,orthehorfes wearing,prefu- lngthatinitIknowemorthenacommon Sadler/be-
^fetheyonelyfafhion, and the horfeman findes the
3'ei or difeafe of their proportions.
, 0 begin therfore with Saddlesjthe faddle for the great
«0tfcorhorfeofferuicc, is the moft worthie, the true
ape and proportion whereof I haue (hewed before in
"ybooke of riding. And albeit haue not the hie fore- p'lowes or bolfters, to whichyou may fo conueniently aften your fteelcs or plats, as the flat pillowes vfed in Sts paft haue,yet a skilfull Sadler may make the out-: fj c of thofe pillowes as flat as he pleafe, and with fome 3 a" buckles makethe plates as faft aboue and belowe, c anyvicepinns whatfoeuer, then whereas fome will it a k^1 ac r^e roun^ne^"e °f the pomell, asfuppofihg, fa ^ not couer the mans bellie fufficiendy, to that I $ L',e^ arc verie mUcSl ^eciue£^^or ^tne ^cat of the lad-
h?naue his true defcent and compafle, the pomell can- L} chufe but come to the riders naucll, which is a <2|ht in the ftricktneffe of Art fomwhat of the higheft, Pill lis ob^cruation tnc fodler muft keep ,that the forc- U, 0vves muft ftandfo direftly downeward, that they' t^^cfendtheRyders knees from the neathet point of Vy karetree^ndnotbyfettingthemfomewlmtoofor- bn j *eaue nothing bet weene his knees and the tree, Uiethickties of a fingle leather. At the letting op of the
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5z ci hefixt'Bookie.
thepommell of thefaddlefhallbeplac'daring of ir0l1»
wherto to faften your piflols>and by the right fide oft^c pommellfhallbe aloope whereon to hang your batte''' axc,thercmuftbc becwixt each mid fide of the panned before on the tree, ':a ftrong buckle wherto to faften thc brcaft-plate,anddirccl:!yin the mid part oi the faddl* behinde ouer the horfes chine, an other ftrong buck!* whereto to faften the crooper. ThcMorocco Next vnto this faddle is the Morocco faddle, which i* Saddle. -_ eucry fhape fhould refemble the proportion of this fot' rner faddle, onelyinthebigneflc of thc-pillowcs, th<j height of the hinder crooper, the depth ofthcfeate,afld fquarenes of the tree, it fhould not containe halfe^ much as tbeothcr, the length thereof not being abotfS feauentcenc or eighteene inches, the depth ten inched and the height of the hinder croope or pillowes not a' boue Hue inches; to this faddle doth alfo belong botfr breaft-plate and crooper, and it is principally to be vfc** in the warres, as cither for the light horfe or the Carbinh
and thefe two Saddles for feruicein the warres,are alt°' getherfufficient. Th v e ch Nowtoprocoedetofuch faddles as are mceteft foi Pad* r n the vfe of trauelling, you (hall vndcrftand that for pf '&' ces, men of eftate, men difcafed or corpulent, all whi^ howfoeuertheyioumey, yet they iourney with gre^ moderation and temperance,being as loath to oucth^1 their horfes, as to oucrtoyle themfclucs; for fuch I ^/' ihc mofl eafieft,graueft and comelyeft feate is the freflc!l pad, if it be made of a right ftape trec,and the feate ft°P!j With downe,and artificially quilted, neither fo foft^ loofc that the weight of the man preffe it flat downe;^' fo hard chat the feate will not yeelde rrjoygh the man &
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The fixt'Boo^e. 5}
neuerfoheauie, there is a meane betwixt both thefe,
and that meaneistobeobfcrued.Now the general! and' §reateft fault which our Sadlers heerc in England doe c°mrnk in making thefe French Pads is-, that they make "'efcates thereof too broad, fo that wbcnaman comes to beftride thcm,they doc make him open his taighes (o ^'idejthat hecan neither fit faft nor at his eafcjbut after a Httte trauell put him to fuch paine,as if they would fplyc ^rdcuide hinr, wherefore it is the office of the good fad« let whenhemakes the feateofthe French pad, to ratfe the vpper garth web a little higher,and to drawe the feat- before as narrow as hecan, andasthicke and foftas he c»njl meane thatpartonelywhichisiuftbetweenethc' rnans legges: as for the hinder part ofthc feate which is vodcr the buttock* he fhall make it broad,ronnd,flat and fofCjthatthemanmayfnthercupon.as if he fat vpon a cufhionjtothis faddle alfo doth belong both breft- plate1 andcrooper,fothatit(astheformer)mufthauc buckles ; for that purpofe. The next faddle to this for cafe is the large Scotch The large
faddlcbeingatleafteighteeneVnchesinlcngthj&madcfcotchUddteJ' vvith the French padde featc,together with pillowes and bolfters of like fafhion, of which fort of Saddles a man may behold fomc almoft in euerySadlets fhopUnd it is a very excellent Saddle for his fcruice, who hauing great occafions of continual! trauell,isnow and then compeld' to trauaile with more then ordinary hafte:fo thatftiould he make vfe of the French padde j or any- of the former Saddles,the burthen and trouble fometimes would too ">one hcate his horfes back,and with the fcaldiog there- of breed both the feltcr worm,warble,& (uch like dilea- ft^andalfadr.awahorfefoonwtofaintncs Sc wearines |
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^4. Thefixt^Booke. I
in4iisiourney,forthc truth is, thofeheauie Saddles atf
but for moderate trauaile. The next Saddleto this for the vfe of trauel,is the plait* Scotifh faddle,I do not mean that Scottifh faddle which was in vfe mauiy yeares agone, and are yet remaining ifl Sadlersfhops,beingin fafhioniuflfoure fquare, thati* to fay ,as deep as they are longrfor of all the proportion* offaddlestheybethe worft : but I meane that faddle which being eigbteene inches in feate, is ribtaboue teft inchesin depth to tbeneatherpointSjOrbeingfourteenC inches in lengtb,isnotaboue eight in depth, and thefe fizesarefufficientfor any man of what (hape fbcuer he be,if he exceed notahorfesordinarie burthen. ■Jberfatee Now it is the office of the Sadler which makctfvthe :5co«iihfaaicv feate of this plaine Scottifh faddlejto fet it fomewhat
ftraite vpon the garth-web, and not according to out late found fafhion in the South parts of this kingdome, to let the garth-web fo loofe, that before the faddle come to be ridden in,the feate is fallen as lo we,and bca- rcth as great a compaffe as ifit had bin ridden in many daies before, which I muftconfefTcis more comely to the eie of the beholder, but nothing neare fo profitable for the vfe of the rider; and the reafoa is this, when the garth-web is fo letdowne, and the feate proportioned before the faddle be ridden in, then when it comes to bearc thewaightof the man, andtobeftretcht out by burthen; the garth-web which euerat firft will retch* falls downe fo lowe vnder the tree of the faddle, that af- ter a monthes riding in it the man is fore'd to fit v- pon the edges of the ribbes of the Tree, and which is worfe then that,thc feate will be fo hollow, that whefl either the horfe fhall ftumble,be put to any great Jeape, |
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9befat<BQo\e. 5*
°* vpon any greataffright/hall fodainely (land ftillvthe
vPperpartof the faddle will giuetheman (uch aiumpc ^inftrUebottoraeof his beJlye, that it will mike his J^ake for many hourcs after, whereas when the fcatc ^ndes ftraite vpon the garth webbe , then the ^ight of the man doth no more but fettle the webbc tofuch acompctentlowenes,thatthe man being borne VP abouethe faddle tree,fits both more fure, more eafie ^d more free from danger* and thefe faddles arc vfed j^°ft of young Gentlemen, and fiich other youthfull Pirits, who fcoming to be older then their yearcs, or |iuc the world notice of any inabilitie, will neither bee ^holden to the pad or any other quilted feate, for the benefit of cafe in their traueH. Hext vnto this faddle,is ihehunting or running Sad' The Hunting
dl«, whieh is alfo btitaplaine fcotch faddle of the fame £dXfBg §«ncrall proportion that the former fcotch faddle is, * Jjiely it rauft be the lighteftand nimbleft you can pofsi- lc haue framed,as being made of the oldeft and dryeft
pllowevvhichcanbegottenandhew'dto as {lender a
u°ftanceascan pofsiblebe,for theftrengthnirig wh'er-
i the fadlerfhallfirfteouer the wood ouer with dridc
^cwes,ofanOxe welltafled and mixt with well tem- pered glewe, and not as m any of our Sadlcrs v fe to doc, ^ lay on the finewes, with nothing but parte onely. ^E« the tree is finewd, you (hall then glewe ftrongr ^•"Uiafc all ouer the wood alfo,then plate the tree,both ^*ore and behinde and it will be ftrong enough for any tvo i en* Thefe hunting or running Saddles would be cl clu;cinches in length of featc and not aboue fiue in- ^cj'"^epth downeward, itmuft alfo haue the featc .*dcftraijcYpqnthegarch-webbe3 and the pillowes
thereof
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56 The/ixt^Booke.
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thereof round, and but a little bigger then a mans gre#
finger.
OfchuGng Now becaufe the greateft goodneffe in faddles cofi" s*dakKccs. ^et{j in,th<; faddlc £reCj. the fadler when he chufeth hi*
trees fhal obfcruc thefe principles,nrfl that their fhap^
berightinh'isieye, next that the wood whereof they bc made,be exceeding oldadrie>and well feafoncd, for ifJt be otherwife,the very.heate of the horfes back will wa^P the faddlc tree,and if it warpe but the breadth of a ftraW* awrye,it wilneuer ftand vpon any horfes backc aftcrjbu' it will hurt him j Next he {hall turneyp the (addle tre«» & With a threed meafuFcit from point to point, crofte' Wife, and ifit be not iuft and eucn,but longer or widtf one way then another,which of Sadiers. is called a skej' Jowd tree, then it cannot poffibly be tiddeavpon, but # -will hurt a horfe: butif.it be fquare and eeuen,then yol1 may prcfume itis very perfect > then he (hall not fuffer H ny holes to be cucthroughthctccefortopaffe theftif rop-lcathers thorowe, but to haucftrong Sittills off ron well reuited thorowc the tree wherein to put yot»( ftirropieathers, he (hallnaile vpon each fide ofthe S*»' dlc,thrceitrong tabbes of ncatcs leather, onely they ^' ponthe left fide, fhall bee longer then thofevpontM right fide, becaufe the horfe is cuer girded vpon the lc* fide: thepannells of his Saddle (hall be madeof ftroflf linnen cloath, which is longeft ere it heate,, and foonc1 dridc when it is wette,and notofcottcn as it is vied J fome places. Thebeft flopping for panncls is De*tC hayrc-,foritisfofteft,lycth moftecuenandfooncft ^ eth when it is wctte,but where it cannot be gotte, t"6 muft other hayre be vied, but the Sadler muft be ^Jj carcfull chat the Urae be well walht out of it, and th^
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The fixt 'B&ofy, , 57
J>e Well beaten, orelfeit will both poyfon *nd hurt a
"orfes backe: the pannell alfo would be ftopt no further '"UJn to couer the wood of the tree}for more is fuperflu- °l>s,and doth but adde to the Horles baeke a heate ex- traordinarie. As theSadler fhall thus be furnifhed-with all man-
ner of faddlcs, fo he fhall like wife haue all forts of bitts, ^hich belong to the greatihorfe faddle, the Morocco or *hc French Padde: the proportions of which mouthes ar»d cheekes are figured in the booke of riding. He fhall *lfo haue head- ftalles fittc for fuch bitts made of blackc Neateslcather,bothplaine or ftudded,withbreft-plates and trappings futable to thehead-ftalles and trimmings °f thefaddlcsj then he fhall haue to ioyne with the Scotch Saddle,, which hath the French Padde feate, or Vvith the plainetraueliing Scotch faddle,fine light Nor- therneBridles, made of good Neates leather foundfy °y Ide.and either of white, blacke, redde, or .yellow co- *°ur.TothefebridIes,he fhall haue Snaffles of all fhapes, *°rne fmooth jfome rough, with fmall rings in the midft, at*d fundry fort of fmall players faftned to thofe ringes, ^hich to a trauelling horfe breedes plcafurc, and ^akes him haue a white mouth. Now to the Hunting or running Saddle, hee fhall
haue likewifelight, narroWe Northernc bribles, but his Snaffles for thofe purpofes fhall belonger then the fuelling Snaffles by at leaft two inches :they fhalL ^aueno ringes nor players in the midft, but be pligh- Jcd one within another, and the whole Snaffle fhall e« as fmall and as (lender as may bee, and the plights ^ade fo eafie that yon may make the out moftc f ndes at your plcafurCj roeete one with the other: the Rr reafoas
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reafons of which fhapes are,firfVit fhall hauc no players
leaft the horfe in his race catch them betweene his teeth, & Co hold them,that though the rider pull neuerfo hard, yet the horfe will ranne away without controlement > neither fhall the players make him foams at the mouth, leaft that fluxe of groflfe moifture in his fwiftnclle choak ©r flop his winde,tbcn the two outmaft ends fhall meet together, that if the horfe fhall runnc fairer then yo'i' would hauehim,the pulling in of your bridle reynefhal drawetbeommoftendes ofthefnafflefo clofe together and fo nip the horfe vpon each fide of the chap, that he fnail be glad to hauc his head commaimded. Next thefe the fidler fhall haue ftirrops of ail fafhions, to the great Saddle.the Morocco Sahe Pad, and fuch ftir' rops as are figured in the book of riding,but to the other Scotch Saddles5fmeilender,round webdjftirrops ;thac part which is vnder the riders foot, being razed & made rough like a rape file,thathisfcete may notflippe vp and dqwne therein. He fhall haue gartbes of all fbrtcs,thofe for traueiling being made of broadelinncn Webbe with large ftrong buckles, thofe for hunting or running, of woollen webbe,ftrongly quilled and ioyned to the ligh- ted; and fineft buckles. He muft haue ftirrop-Ieathers made of well liquored leather,and by no means fo burnt inthedrefsing,as raoft black (rirrop-leathersare, which' are hardly for a weeks fe; nice. As for maine-combs,cur» rie-rombes of ail fafhions &fizes,fpunges, poftpillions, Surfingles, Collers,pafterns.Coaeh-harnefTes,hoodeS andhoufi;igcloathesforhorfes,and fuch like apparel- lings meete either for vfe in the houfe,in the fisld,or vp- pon the high way,it is the office of enery goodSadler to Iiaus both the beft and the beft choice, as being the ondf
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The fixt "Booke. 59
°nely Marchant for thefencceflarie commodities. And
thus much for aflender tafte of the Sadlers office. |
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_____________CHAP, 2__________________
The office of tkeSmithy touchmgthe fhooing
of horjes. lEcaufethe Smith is a moft princjpall and neceOarie
) member in a well ordered (tabic, and that the wane ofhimbringethmany moft grofTe inconueniences to the good eftate of Horfes, 1 will before I pro- ceedeany further, fpeake fomething concerning his Office, not as to fpeake of his office in euery ge- nerallvnderftanding, botonely of that parte of his of- fice which concerneth the paring and (ho oing of Hor- fes feete. It is therefore the dutie of euery good Smith, to knowe that Horfes haue two fortes of hoofes, that is to fay,either perfite or imperfite; the perfite hoofe is dcuided into two kmdes,that is,the perfite round hoofe, Snd the perfite longhoofcrand the imperfite hoofe is de- cided into eight kindes,that is,the flat hoofe, as thofeof "flemifh horfes,the brittle or rugged hoofe asthofewhich growe after frettizing or foundring^the crooked hoofe, either inwardor outward (the inward making a horfe ^tcrfaire,the outward making a horfe grauel)the ouer- jiollow or drie hoofe,as thofeof BArbarieslkTurkes.lhz ^oofCwhichisallfoale (offomecalled a broad frufh) ^hich makes ahorfe haue weakheeles:the narrow heeld ^°ofe,the hoofe with the falfequarter,& the hoofe that ls bound,either by any ftraine,or fome one of thef e for- mer; imperfections: To all thcfe hoofes both peifecT: and |
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So <Thefixt<Boo%ei
tfiperfe&,there belongeth great skil3&the Smith muft
know how to handle & pare each one of them feueralh/' Wherfore firft-to fpeak ofthe perfir hoofes:the round perfite hoofe is good in thetraueliing horfe}and is both i afigneofftrength and long life : the Iong.perfit hoof* (which by fome of our Englifh writers is accounted 3 fault in horfes (is excellent both in the running and hun- ting horfe, and is not only a greatfigue of fwiftness \?M': alio makes a horfe runnc with lefTe paineand labour o* uerthwartdeepe fieldes,ormyriewayes. Touching thS paring of either of them, the Smith mull kho-we that there is but one skill to be there v(ed,and that isshefl-iaU (as foone as he hath taken his-Buttris or paring knife it* his hand) not take his iTroke from the toppe of the heels downetothetoe (as our bungling common Smithes doe) cutting away the horfes hceles at the firft-flroake, which onely fhould be preferued & cut Ik tic or nothing at all, but ftriking at lcaft an inch or more fhort of the heele,he fhall firft pare thetoe,l30thfiHOoth,plain,thirrj andeuenrthenturninghimfelfe abour}- and looking-v* pon the horfes hee!es,if in his eie they appeare (for war* of ordering) to be a little otier-growne, then he fhall 3s fleightly and thinly as may bee -pare away onely, the ff' perfluous growth of the heele;. for the,Smith mu$ knowe,thar the oneiy thing which is to be preferued in a horfes hoofeis his heeles.This donCjhe fhal with his fa^ turned oppofite to the horfes hoofe, and with the-edgc of hisButtris vpward, opeotheheele of the Horlebc tweene the frufh and the hoofeis wide and as hollow aS conueniently may be, for that onely giueth cafe and U* bertie to the foote within the hoofe : this donc,he3 lHaJl.Iay.hxs fhooevpon the hoofe, and fee thayc |
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"Cclofeandeuen, not bearing more vpon one part of
the heelethen on the other,but refting alike in all parts, ^hichheftialldifcernCjif by lookingbetwixtthe hoofc Sc the {hooe he fee not any glimpfe of light (Tuning tho- *o w more in one place then in another* when the (hooe fits to your contentment vpon the foote, then you {hall fte that the vtmoft verge or ring ofthe (hooe extend al- moft halfe a ftrawe breadth broder forth then the hoofc, cfpeciallyattheheelesjandoneachfidesbutat the toe, thehoofe and the fhooe (hall be all one. How to/peake more particularly ofthe fhooejit is the
Office ofthe Smith to knowe that hc-muft falhion, pro- portion and turne it according to the fnape ofthe hoofe and not like our Smiths, make one (hooe ferue all man', ncroffcet.He (hall alfo know how to giue his Iron the tougheft and not the hardeft temper.- he (hall make his nailchoales more towards the toe then the heele, be- caufc there the hoofe is weakeft and narroweft, and the Veine lyeth raoft oumioft. Now for the hecles |of the ftiooes, be (hall make them with great thick fpunges,ac leaft halfe an inch thick,if tbehorfe be either for feruicc in the wars,or fqir trauelling:but if he be for the Coach, Wagon,or other draughtjchiefely in paued ftreetsjthen *nftead of thick fpunges,deep caukens are more corao- dious. For the web ofthe traucllin-g (hooe it (hall bee broad,chiefly atthe toe,drawing alittle narrower down towards theheele, yetinfuch fort thatit may almofko- ucr the hoofc,and leauc onely the foale or frufh vncouc- red:the Iron wherof theffioocihallbe made,may either be good Spani(hIron,or good Englifh Iron,& for mine pwn part I haue cuer found the Englifh Iron the better. How for the naile,it muft both hold the fame temper Rr 3 "..... which |
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£1 Thefixt'Boofy.
which the {hooe hath,and be of the fame Iron,the head
muft. belong and fquare,beaten,a little floapewife at the
ncather end,that it may fill the hoale,and not(as fomc oi
ou r ouer curious Smithes doc) be made in a mould, by
whichmeanes it cannot enter in as it fhould, but hoi'
ding oncly by the weakeft part of the naile, which is the
very point of the clench, with the leaft ftraine vpon any
ftoneor otherwife,it is loofened and wrefted Out of the
fhooe : thefe foolifhly made nailes,youfhallknowe,for
they hauemoft commonly thefoure outmofteorners of
the head driuendowne, and the figure of a Diamond
fquare vpon the top. Your n ayle head thereforc moft
fo enter into the fhooe^that not aboite thcone halfe may
ftandaboue thcihooe,thefliankes ofthenayles muft be
flat,andiuftfo broad as the naylehoale, and towards the
fettingonofthehead fothicke, that they may fill the
hole astheyaredriuenin: the point of the naile fhall
be fharpe,and beaten vpon one fidefloape-wife, thataS
itisdriucn,thc point may carry the (hankc outward
from the hoofe, not inward,towards the veane for feare
©f pricking. Thefirftnaile you (ball drme in (hall bee
into the middle hoale vpon the out fide of the hoofe?
then fetthe fhooeftraight,which is, that it may ftand
and couer equally both the heeles alike, then driuc in S'
nother naile into the middle hoale on the infide the
hoofe.Now you muft vnderftand, that when you driutf
inanynailes, you fhali either dippe the point into
greafe orfope,or elfc wet them in your mouth.
The hammer which driuei them muft be very iigfrf'
and the fii ft ftrokes very gentle till the nailcs be entredj and thenharder and haider.tiil they can goenofurthc1'' Aflbone as any naile is driuen in, youlhall turne W
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**^»-----------,------------------------------------------------------------.------------
¥heJlxt:Boo{e. 6^
point backe againe,downeto. the fhaoeward, both for
fcarethe horfeby twitching his foot away, fhould hurt Him which holds vp his foot, &alfo that by the bending the fhankes,the clenches may be the ftranger.When all the naiies are driuen inland the pointes brought out as it Were all in one line, then with a pake of pincers the naiies points (hall be all wrung off clofe by the hoofe* then driuingall the naiies ouer againe, fomwhat harder then before, the Smith fhall then clench thenaiies vpo-a the hoafe by holding his- pincers againft each naile head and with hishammer heatingdowne euery clench, till they lye as fmootb, and as plaine as may be, then wit-ha rape file where the hoofe is larger then the fhooe( which ftiould be no where but at the toe) he ftiall file it in fuch. fort that the fhooe may be decerned round about. Now for the imperfit hoofes,if your horfes hoofe be
flat and weake,you fhal pare thetoe alktle,but the heele nothing at all, neither fhal y ou open them aboue a ftra w breadth deepe between the frufh Sahe hoofe: his fhooe ftiall be fa broad that it may couer all the hoofe hollow- ly that it may not touch the foale,andlargely that itmay beare him both cafily and from the ground. But if your horfes hoofes be rugged or brittle, then in paring them you fhall open his heeles both as deepe and as wide as is pofsible,and take a little from the vpper part. The rug- gednes you fhall file fmooth with a rape file, and the toe you fhall pare as thinne as may be.For his fhooe, it fhall neither be heauy nor extraordinarilylight,but of a mean fize,only it fhallbe naild round about the toc;the whole fhoe containing teanailes at the leaft.But if his hoofe be crooked inward or outward,look what fide of his hoofe heyyearethleaft, and of that fide pare the moft away, Rr 4 kauing |
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6q. TheJtxtcBoo{e.
leauing the other fide whole and vntouched, more then
to makethc fhooe ftand cueujas for the fhooe,it fhall be a very broad web,and looke of what fide the horfe trea-r <3cth moft3that fide of the (hooe fhall be a great deaie the higher,anddriuingthemoftnailesinto the ftrongfide of the hoofe & the feweft into the weake. If the horfcs hoofesbeouerhollow,you fhall pare away no part of. the ball of the foote,but round about the outfideofthe hoofe,euen from the top of the heele to the toc,you fhal take away as much asyou can with conueniencie, and make the hoofe more flat 8deuel,3s for the fhooe,it fhal be in all points like the fhooe for theperfit hoofe,only a little flatter, & fomwhat lighter :but if the horfes hoofe* be all fdale,hauing a broad frufh, you fhall then pare no part of it at aljbut only to make the fhoe ftand euen,for]fc ilands in need of al ftrength pofsible.As for the fhoe,the> heeles fhal be made with extraordinary. Ion gjpunges,8£ thofe fptmges more broad and flat then comanly is vfcdT both to beare vp his heels,& defend the weaknes. If the horfe haue ftrait and narrow heeles then the heeles muft be opened wel between the hoofe & the frufh,that they, may ftretch 5f fpread:& for the fhoe it fhall be very light before^but the fpiiges vponthc.hinder parts fhal almoft meet & ioyne togethenthenailes fhould ftandforward^ &thefhoe muft wat nothing of his duelegth,butifyour horfe either by pricking, flubbing or other mifchiefes,. put out a falfe quarter, yon fhal then in paring his hoofe plain.hollow the falfe quarter a litle thought more then the reft ofthe hoofe, & when you fet on the fhooe alfoy you fhal make it by alitlc hollowingto bearfo from the; falfe quarter,triat the horfe in his treading may not preff ypolany pattofit J ha_ue feen fomc that haue made their fhooes
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T/oefixt<Boo{e. <ft
mooes want a quarter, fo that the halfe quarter hath
keene vncouered, but it is not good, efpeciallyif the ^orfe trauaile in rough wayes, for the leaft touch vpon before place, will make the horfe hault exceedingly. Now if your Horfe beehoofe-bound,youfhallinpa«
ring open his heeles, fo that youmayalmoftdifcerne thequicke, then with a fharpe drawing yron, youfhall drawetheoutfide of his hoofe, dire&ly before his toe, and on each fide of his hoofe,almoft cleane thorow,and annoynt it euery day with Hogs-greafe and Tarre mixc logether, as for his fhooe, it would be like the perfite ^ooe, onely a thought wider and larger : but for halfe, ftooeslike halfe moones,they arc naught for they leaue *he heeles vndefended, which onelyfliould beeluppor- ted and ftrctchtfoorthtotheutmoft. Now if your Horfe haue a good perfe& hoofe, yes P^"1"^"
through defect in his pace, doth enterfaire or hew one'"12* J^gvpon anotherjinthis cafe,and to amend this faultjhis *hooes fhall be made flat vpon the outfide like ordinary moeSjbut from the infideeuen from the toe to the heele, l^ey mud be a little more the a quarter of an inch broad, a^d more then a full inch thicke from the hoofe to the Sround downeward,thenayles (landing all round about ^etoe and theoiufide ofthehoofe: the narrownes of *°e fhooe muft ftand a quarter of an inch within the ^°ofe,.and itwillcaftthehorfeslegges outward. Some ^mithes wil make thefe (hoes of afull thicknesfrom the' "Oofe do wnward,but fo thin as the back of a knife ouer- *hwart,but they doe no goodjbecaufe the waight of the- korfe making thofe edges cut into the ground, he treads, as it were on aleuell,and fo cuts notwithftanding. . _No#v for: thofe fhaoes which dos belongvntothe'Hintiw;. Hunting fi^es.0
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66 Tkifixt<BoQ%e.
Buntinghorfe., cuery Smith mufti knowe that they differ
from other fhooes, becaufe the Horfes exercife is little vpon Me-wayes, or ftonie places, but altogether vpon thedeepes, therefore his fhooes mul beas light and flender as may bee made, but onely as it were to- com' paffe theotvtmoft ring of tfrehoofe, being inbredthnot fiillhalfcan inch.andahTioft as thicke asbroadc, and ha- uing a fmall gutter roundabout, into which the Smith fhalllet in fome part of naile head. The heeles of the flioocs (hall be alitle turnd vp againft the heeles of the Horfe, being beaten thinnc, andhauing as it were a lit- tle button vnderneath like a caulken made in the fafhioff ofthofcfha.fpecatcb.es, which clappe into lockesand halde faffc. The proportion of the fhooes are in thefe .fgures. |
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As for the Running fhooes, Ihauefpoken ofthefl*
fome what already in the bookc of Running Horfes, wherelhauefhewedoftwokindes, one for hard couf" fes,the other for foft, whereunto 1 referre fuch as eithef defire fatisfaction, or would knowe the vfes or reafo"5 for them 5 many other fh ooes there are, as namely fhoc$ with ringes in the heeles,to make a Horfe lift his leggf *» the Pancelct to helpe the weakc heelc, fhooes wit» " ' turning |
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clhefixtcBooke. 6 j
burning vices and ioyntes, and the patten fhooe, all
^hich being now out of vfe, becaufe therebeeing bet- ter meanes found out for the preuention ofthefaultes they amend, I will here let them paffe without di- lcriptions, becaufe I will neither trouble you with friuolous matter3 nor intice you to pra&ife that whichis vnprofitablc. And thus much for the Smithes office in paring andfhooing onely. |
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The endoftheJixlBooke,
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