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677 y> ;/)
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the Diyf
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Compleat Horfemaii:
O R,
Perfect Farrie
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In Two Parts.
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Part I. Difcovering the fureft Marks of the Beauty,
Goodnefs, Faults, and Imperfections of Horfes; the beft Method of Breeding and Backing of Colts, making their Mouths; Buying, Dieting, and otherwife ordering of Horfes. The Art of Shoeing, with the feveral forts of Shoes,
adapted to the various defects of Bad Feet, and the prefervation of Good. The Art of Riding and managing the great Horfe,cirV.
Part II. Contains the Signs and Caufes of their Dif-
eafes, with the true Method of Curing them. Written in French by the Sieur de SO LLETSELL,
Querry to the late King of France, and one of the Royal Academy of Paris. Abridged from the Folio done into Englifh by
Sir WILLIAM HOPE.
*— i ■■ i
With the Addition of feveral excellent Receipts, by our beft Far-
riers: And Diredtions to the Buyers and Sellers ©t Horfes. The Fourth Edition Corrected.
Illuftrated with feveral Copper-Plates. LONDON,
Printed for J. Walthoe, R. Wilkin, J. and J. Bon-
wicke, S. Birt, T. Ward and E. Wicksteed, and T. OSBORN. 1729.
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THE
PREFACE.
OF all the Books of Horfemanfhip yet
extant, Mr. Solleysel's Compkat Horfeman is juitly accounted the belt. The Reception it met with, not only in the Original French, but in the Englifh and other Tranflations, is fufficient evidence of its diftinguifhing Merit. The Author was a Perfon who made it his bulinefs to im- prove all the Parts of Horfemanfhip, and fucceeded fo well in that Profeilion, that not only the French Court, and the Aca- demies of Tarts, but even the Perfons of Quality of other Nations, particularly the Incomparable Duke of Newcastle, paid him the Deference that was due to the Character of a Mailer in that Way. Till the Eighth Edi- tion of this Book was publifh'd, the World was milled by the falfe Opinions and Practi- ces that blind Cuftom had eftabliihed. Re- medies were prefcribed by rote, and the Plea of Antiquity (titled the proper Pre- fcriptions. Had a Perfon of lei's Authority than our Author offer'd to withftand the A x Currents
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The Preface.
Current, the Crowd of opinionative Farriers
had been too hard for him: But the Char rafter he bore, the weight of his Reafons, and the certainty of his Experience, were proof againlt all oppofition. To inilance in one or two things: The
Cuftom of Gartering for Foundering in the Feet, has been us'd among Farriers time out of Mind; but he makes it appear, that 'tis more prejudicial than ferviceable. In like manner, when a Horfe is ftrain'd in the Shoulder, they us'd to tie up the found Leg, to oblige him to make ufe of the. affected one; and if he was ftrain'd in the Haunch, they were wont to make him draw in the Harrows: Now he plainly makes out the Pernicioufnefs of that Cultom, which only redoubles the pain of a part that's already ppprefs'd. Farther, If a Horfe vomits Mat- ter at the Nofe, they us'd to call it the Glanders, tho' perhaps 'tis nothing but a Cold: And even in the Glanders, they plac'd the Cure in removing the Kernels, which are only the effeft, and not the caufe of the Diitemper ; and then pretended to thwart the courfe of Nature by repeated Purgation 'Twere eafie to mutter up an infiSty of fuch DiicQvenes which are only owing to the Sieur de Sollevsel. That all Perfons may enjoy the Benefit
0H0 ufeful a Book, we here prefent the World with an Abridgment of it. Thofe who grudge the Price pf the Original, or are
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The Prefaci
are fcar'd by its length, may here gratifie
their Cufioiity, without any considerable loft either of Money or Time. The Firft Part of this Performance con-
tains the neceffary Directions for Buying, Keeping, Shoeing, Bitting, and Breeding, all forts of Horfes for any bervice whatfoever. The Second Part contains the Defcription
and Cure of the Difeafes incident to Horfes. In regard, the excellency of this Part cort- fiits in the Receipts, which are infinitely pre- ferable to all others; we have taken a par- ticular care to make fuch a Collection as will anfwer all the Diitempers of Horfes, by what Names foever they may be diiiinguifli- ed. Where a Difeafe retains to another, or is not known in England, we pafs flightly over it. To multiply the Names of Diitem- pers, and the Numbers of Receipts, does more harm than good : A few fuch Reme- dies as thefe, if wifely manag'd, will do more fervice than all the numerous Prefcriptions of other Authors. 'Tis true fome of thefe Receipts are very chargeable ; but they are always accompany'd with others of an eafier Purchafe ; befides, thofe who keep fine Hor- fes will not grudge to advance upon the Price, when they are fure of having a good Medicine. Our Author, who liv'd in a Wine Countrey, commonly prefcribes Wine for a Vehicle : But in this Countrey that affords Ale, we may make ufe of it initead of IVine* in molt cafes. A | In
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The Preface.
In fine, We have left out nothing that
was material orufeful; being directed in that point by a Perfori whofe Judgment and Ex- perience we could fafely truft. Thefe Two Parts contain the Subftance of
Mr. Solleysel's Compleat Horfeman; to which we have added Two Supplements; one to the Firft Parr, being A Treatife of the Art of Ridings of which Mr. Solleysel has little or nothing: And another to the Second, containing an additional defcription of fome Difeafes, and the Receipts of fome noted Medicines; both of them collefted from the belt Authors upon thofe Subjects. Thefe were thought proper to be added, that nothing might be wanting to render this Performance the compleateft of its kind. |
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THE
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THE
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CONTENTS.
O F
PART I.
THE Introduction. Page i
Chap. I. The Names of the Parts of a
Horfe. ibid. Chap. II. How the Parts of a Horfe jhould be
framed. 4
Chap. III. How to know a Horfe's Age while he
hath Mark. 14
Chap. IV. How to know the Age of a Horfe which
is pajl Mark, Shell-tooth'd, or Hollow-tooted, or
whofe Mark is counterfeited. 17
Chap. V. Of the Eyes. 1,%
Chap. VI. A Continuation of the Knowledge of
Faults and Imperfections in Horfes, and what is
to be obferv'd in buying them< z6
Chap. VII. How to know when a Horfe's Legs are
good, z8
Chap. VIII. How to know a Horfe's Eeet. 41
Chap. IX. How to know if a Horfe be well bodied,
or have a good Belly. 47
A 4 Chap.
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The Content
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s.
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Chap. X. How to know when a Horfe's Flanks are
altered and out of order. xQ Chap. XI. How fo know when a Horfe is right
planted on his Limbs; and if he Walks or Treads well. , " Chap. XII. How to know if a Horfe s Mouth be
good. s Chap. XIII. How to judge of a Horfe's Vigour
and Agility. ^o Chap. XIV. After what, manner a Man Jhould
Mount, and try a Horfe he intends to buy. 60 Chap. XV. Of the different Colours of Horfes,
with fane Obfervations that may be drawn from them. ^ Chap. XVI. Of White Feet, Stars, Blazes, Fea-
thers. 66 Chap. XVII. How to know if a Horfe have a
good Appetite, or befubjeB to the Tick. 68 Chap. XVIII. Directions for preferring Horfes
found upon Travel. "L Chap. XIX. Directionsfor preferring Horfes after
a Journey. J q Chap. XX. How to recover Horfes which are ha-
rafs'd and lean, after a long Journey. 80 Chap. XXI Of the Art of Shoeing, or, The true
and ex aft Method of Shoeing all forts of Feet be they never fo bad and deform'd. 81 Chap. XXII. How to pare the Feet well, ft the
Shoes, and drive the Nails. Q , Chap. XXIII. Of low Heels, tender Feet, and
other kinds of bad imperfeSl Feet. 86 Cap. XXIV. Of flat Feet, and fuch as have their
Soles round and high. gQ Chap.
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The Contents.
-Chap. XXV. How Horfes that are Hoof-bound,
or Narrow-heel'd, jhould be pod. 98 Chap. XXVI. How Horfes which have Clefts in
their Quarters, commonly call'd Falfe Quarters, are to be Shoed. 107 Chap XXVII. Of Shoeing Horfes whofe Fore-
Legs, from the Knees to the Coronets, go in a frait Line, and appear as if they were all one piece: As alfo of thofe whofe Paf em-joints bend fo far forwards that they appear to be difocate. no Chap. XXVIII. Of Arched Legs. 115
Chap. XXIX. How to Shoe Horfes which tread
only upon the 'Toes of the Hind Feet; as alfo thofe which Trip or Stumble. 116 Chap. XXX. How to Shoe Horfes which have been
founder d in the Feet. 118 Chap. XXXI. Of Calkins. 119
Chap. XXXII. How to Shoe Horfes which cut or
interfere. 120 Chap. XXXIII. Of Purging. 122
Chap. XXXIV. Of Glyfters: 125
Chap. XXXV. Of Blooding Horfes, and Precau-
tions to be olferved therein. 128 Chap. XXXVI. How to judge of the Quantity and Quality of Blood. 133 Chap. XXXVII. Of Bits. 135 Chap. XXXVIII. Of Branches. 139 Chap. XXXIX. A Difcourfe of Breeding, and how to raife a good a??d beautiful Race of Horfes. 144 Chap. XL. When Foals are to be wearid, orj'epa- ratedfrom their Dams, and how they are to be ordered. 150 Chap.
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TheC O N T E N T S.
Chap. XLI. The Ancient Method of preparing
Running Horfes. 155 Chap. XLII. The Modern Way of preparing Run-
ning Horfes. 15 j Chap. XLIII. Of Ambling. 175-
Chap. XLIV. Of the Vices of Horfes, and how
to prevent, correal, and remedy them. 179 |
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The Contents of the Trea-
tife of the Art of Riding. CHap. I. Of what Stature and Age a Horfe
jhould be that is defgndfor the Manage. 187
Chap. II. A Defcrtption of the Natural Paces of a Horfe. 189
Chap. III. Of all the Artificial Motions which a
Horfe can make. 191
Chap. IV. Of the true Seat a Man jhould keep on
Horfe back. 193
Chap. V. The true Method of fuppling a Horfe's
Shoulders, or firjl riding him upon Circles. 194
Chap. VI. How to flop a Horfe and make him go back. 189
Chap. VII. How to make a Horfe fenfble and obe*
dient to the Heels, and to anjwer exaElly the
Spurs. zoo
Chap. VIII. The true and exaB Method to make
a Horfe go Terra a Terra. zo6
Chap. IX. Of changing upon Demi-Volts. 209
i Chap.
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The Contents.
Chap. X. Of Pefates. ito
Chap. XI. For Corvets Jlrait forwards, Jideway%
backwards, and upon the Volts. 2.11 Chap. XII. Of the Capriole, Croupade, Balotade,
and a Step and a Leap. 2.16 Chap. XIII. Of the Piroyte. ai8
Chap, XIV. Of Pajades. xi?
Chap. XV. A new Invention to drefs Horfes up-
on all Ay res, by the help of one fngle Pillar. %xt
Chap. XVI. Of thefeveral Helps and Corrections
with the Spurs. a 13 |
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THE
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THE
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CONTENT
O F
PART II.
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HH H E Introduction. Page 22?
•*- Chap. I. Of the Diforders of the Mouth;
namely the Lampas, Barbs, Woolves-^eeth, and Wounds in the Mouth. 226 Chap. II. Of a loathing of Food, or want of Ap-
petite. 229 Chap. III. Of the Strangles. 232 Chap. IV. Of a Cold and Cough. 235 Chap. V. Of the Glanders. 239 Chap. VI. Of the Difeafes of the Eyes. 242 Chap. VII. Of a Hamorrhagy, or Bleeding. 246 Chap. VIII. Of the Fives. 248 Chap. IX. Of the Cholick, Fret, or Gripes. 250 Chap. X. of an innnoderate Flux of Urine; and of a ftaling or piffing of Blood. 257 Chap. XI. Of the Stavers and Giddinefs. 25-9 Chap. XII. Of Strains or Wrenches in the Shoul- ders or Hips. 161 |
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Chap.
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The Contents.
Chap. XIII. Of broken, flif, tird, decaf d bruis'd,
orfweWd Legs. 263 Chap. XIV. Of Malenders, Selenders, Splents,
Wind-galls, Farcey-knots, and other Swellings. 270
Chap. XV. Of an Attaint or Over-reach. 27?
Chap. XVI. Of the Scratches. 277
Chap. XVII. Of the Ring-bone. 278
Chap. XVIII. Of Vices of the Feet and Hoofs;
particularly furbated Feet; and of Pricks made with Stubs or Nails in Shoeing, or in the Streets. 280 Chap. XIX. OffcaFd Heels or Frufh; and of
the Crown-fcab and Mange. 285" Chap. XX. Of the Hoof-bound, or of wajled and
Jhrunk Feet. 288 Chap. XXI. Of all forts of Wounds and Hurts.
290
Chap. XXII. Of the bitings of Mad-Dogs andve-
nemous Beajls. 304 Chap. XXIII. Of a Cough. 307
Chap. XXIV. Of Obflruclions of the Lungs, Fe-
vers, and other Sicknefjes occafion'd by Founder- ing. : 309 Chap. XXV. Of the Preparations and Virtues of
Crocus Metallorum, Sal Polychreil, and the Golden Sulphur of Antimony. 312 Chap. XXVI. 'The Method of fattening Horfes.
318
Chap. XXVII. Of the Palpitation of the Heart.
3*9
Chap. XXVIII. Of Fevers. 3^ Chap. XXIX. Of the Farcin. 325
Chap.
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The Contents.
Chap. XXX. Of the Ebullition of the Blood, or
Blood-running -Itch. 317 Chap. XXXI. Of the Molten Greafe. 3x8
Chap. XXXII. Of Worms, Botts, or truncheons,
bred in the Body of a Horfe. 333 Chap. XXXIII. Of fwaying of the Back, and
Falls. 334 Chap. XXXIV. Of the Swelling of the Cods or
Stones; and of bruised or hard Stones. 336 Chap. XXXV. Of the Lask, Loofnefs, or Flux of
the Belly. 340 Chap. XXXVI. Of the Falling of the Funda-
ment. 345- Chap. XXXVII. Of Warts, Chops, Pains, Rat-
tails, Mules, and other foul and watery Sores in a Uotfe's Legs; and of fwollen and gouty Legs, occafond by fuch Sores: "Together with a defcription of the Compoftion and Vertues of the White Honey-Charge. 34^ Chap. XXXVIII. Of Halter-Cq/t. 3S%
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THE
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1
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The CONTENTS of the
Appendix.
OF the Anticor. 35-3
Of Bleymes. 35-5"
Of Seymes or Falfe-Quarters. 356
Of the Curb. 357
Of a far don. ibid.
Of a String-halt. 35-8
Of the Bonefpavin. ibid.
Of the Blood-fpavin. 3 5" 9
Of the Hough-Bonny. 3 60
Of the Cramp. ibid.
Of the over-flretching or relaxation of a Sinew.
Of Gaunt-belly'd or Light-Be/lfd Horfes. ibid.
Of the Ambury. 3 6z
Of the Cords. ibid.
Of the Hungry-Evil. 3 63
Of the Stag-Evil, or Palfy in the Jaws. ibid.
Of Crepances. 3 64
Of the Stones drawn into the Body. ibid.
Of the Head-Ach. 365-
Of an Apoplexy or Palfe. ibid.
Of the falling of the Creft, Manginefs in the Mane, or the fhedding ofjhe Hair. 366
Of a Canker in. the Nofe, Mouth, or any other part of the Body. ibid.
Of the Poll-Evil. ibid.
Of (be Colt-Evil, or burning by a Mare. 3 67
Of
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The Contents.
Of a Stoppage of Urine in Cholicks. ibid-
Of Gauling between the Legs. ibid. Of Lice. ' 368 Of a foufd or fur'd Tard. ibid. Of the Stifling. ibid. SchmicV Ointment for reftoring the Hoof. 3 69 Neatherd's Ointment for the Mange. 371 Countefs's Ointment for healing Sores in the hairy part of the Foot. 3 jz Duke's Ointment for all hot Swellings and Inflam- mations. 373 *tbe ripening Ointment^ call'd Bafilicum. 3 74 ftke Liquid Caufiick. ibid. *The true Ointment of Montpelier. 3 75- An excellent Powder for purfve Horfes. ibid. |
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THE
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t
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THE
Compleat Horfeman :
O R,
Perfect FARRIER.
PARTI.
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The Introduction.
AMONGST all the Creatures, there is
none which yields more Profit and Pleafure to Man than the Horfe; yet oftentimes, for want of Skill to ride him, or through Negligence in his Diet or Dreffing, or by Watering him imieafonably, or any other Accident, he be- comes unferviceable. The preventing of which, is the Defign of the enfuing Treatife. |
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CHAP. I.
$be Names of the Farts of a Horfe.
TO fay nothing of the Ears, Eyes, &V. as be-
ing Parts well known, I iha.ll begin firft with the Barrs' of his Mouth, which are a part of the Gums, but without any Teeth, fo that Nature; B feems
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2 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
feems to have appointed them as a Place for the
Mouth of the Bitt to reft upon. The Barrs are- properly the very Ridges or Upper-
parts of the Gums, betwixt the Under-Tufhes and Grinders-, for the outward fides of them are always called the Gums. The Channel is the Hollow betwixt the two Bam^
or nether Jaw-bones, in which the Tongue is lodged. The Palate is the Roof of the Mouth, where Hor-
fes are commonly bled with a fharp-pointed Horn, to refrefh and give them an Appetite. The Teeth are of five kinds.
i. The Jaw-Teeth or Grinders, in number twenty-
four, viz. twelve in the Upper-Jaw, and as many below. 2. The Foal-Teeth, which come forth before,
when he is about three Months old, and which he calls about two Years and a half after. 3. The Tufjjes, which are placed alone in the Barrs,
betwixt the Fore-Teeth and Grinders ; one upon each fide below, and as many above. Mares have feldom any Tufhes, and when they have them they are but fmall : It is alfo thought an Imperfection in thofe which have them. 4. The Gatherers, which grow before in the place
of the Foal-Teeth, and with which Horfes draw their Fodder, or cut their Grafs, being fix above, and as many below, and are divided into three kinds, viz. the Nippers, the Middle-Teeth or Separaters, and the Outward or Corner ones. The Nippers or two fore- moft Teeth above and below, are thofe which a Florfe firft changes. The Middle-Teeth or Separa- ters, (fo called becaufe they feparate the Nippers from the Corner-Teeth) are the two next the Nip- pers, one upon each fide of them both above and be- low, and are thofe which change next. The Out- Ward and Corner ones being thofe next the Tufhes above and below, and by which the Age of a Horfe |
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 3
is known, are thofe which he cafteth laft. The Age
is aifo known by the Middle-Teeth or Separaters. Jo there being twelve Fore-Teeth, fix above, and «x below, a Horfe hath in all forty Teeth, and a Mare but thirty-fix. The Withers begin where the Mane endeth, and
are joined to and end at the tip of the Shoulder- Blades, marked 9. 1 he Loyns or Fillets begin at the Place where the
hinder-part of the Saddle refteth. -Th? Flanks are the extremity of the Belly where
the Ribs are wanting, and below the Loyns, mark- ed i5. The Shank is that part of the Fore-Leg, which is
betwixt the Knee and fecond Joint next to the Foot, ■vt a nedock or Paftern-joint, marked 19.
*-he P aft em-joint, is the Joint next the Foot,
marked 20. The Paftern is the diftance between the faid Joint
and the Coronet of the Hoof, marked 21. The Coronet is that part round the very top of the
*oot, where the Hair grows and falls down upon tne Floof, marked 22. The Foot confifts of the Hoof or Coffin, which is
all the Horn that appears when the Horfe has his *oot let to the Ground. The Quarters are the two fides of the Foot, from
twenty three to twenty four. The Foot muft be taken up, and then it will appear. T. he Fn/Jh or Frog, which is placed from the mid-
dle of the Sole towards the Heel upon both fides, is a part more foft and more elevate than the reft of the Sole, and terminates juft at the Heel. _ The Sole is as it were a Plate of Horn, which en-
vironing the Flefh, covers the whole bottom of the Foot. All People know it, becaufe when a Shoe is right placed, it mould not at all reft upon it, and but very feldom touch it. B 2 The
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4 I he Compleat Horfeman: cry
The Coffin-bone is that Bone which is to the Foot
as a Heart or Kernel. It is quite furrounded and covered by the Hoof, Friifh, and Sole, and is not perceived when even the Horle's Sole is quite taken out, being covered on all Sides by a Coat of Flefh, which.hinders the Bone from appearing. It now remains to fpeak of the Hind-Legs, in
which are, The Stiffie or great Mufcfe, is that part of the
Hind-Leg which advances towards the Horfe's Bel- ly, and is a moft dangerous Part to receive a Blow upon, marked 27. The Thigh or Ga/koin beginneth at the Sl'jfle, and
reaches to the Ply, or bending of the Ham ; and is contained between the Figures 27 and 29. The. Ham or Hough is the Ply or bending of the
Hind-Leg, marked 29. and comprehends likewife the Point behind and oppofite to the Ply, called the Hock, marked 30. The place where a Selender comes is marked 29.
The place where a Spavin comes, which is a little
beneath the Ply and in the infide, is marked 31. From the Ham to the Paftem-joint, is that part
of the Leg which in the Fore-Legs is called the Shank, . but in the Hind the Injtep, marked 33. |
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CHAP. II.
How the Parts of a Horfejhould be framed.
THE Head mould be fmall, narrow, lean and
; dry. Every Horfe with a big Head may be apt to'reft and loll upon the Bridle, arid thereby in a Journey incommode the Hand of the Rider. Be- fides, he can never appear well with a big Head, unlefs he have alfo a very long and well-turned Neck. Of
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Part I, PerfeB Farrier. y
Of the Ears.
The Ears fhould be little, narrow, ftrait, and har- dy, and the whole fubftance of them thin and deli- cate. They fhould be placed on the very top of the Head, and their Points/when ftiled or prick'd, fhould he nearer than their Roots. When a Horfe carries his Ears pointed forwards, he is faid to have a bold, hardy, or brifk Ear. Alfo when a Horfe travels, he fhould keep them firm, and not (like a Hog) mark every ftep by-amotion of his Ears. [Of the Forehead:,
The Forehead fhould be fomewhat broad : Some
would have it a little raifed •, but in my opinion a flat Forehead is moft beautiful. Thofe Horfes called Dijh-face-d, have the fore-part of their Head, from a little below their Eyes, to the place where the Nofe-band of the Bridle refteth, low and hollow : Such Horfes are commonly durable, but very;often ftubborn and ill-natur'd. A Horfe fhould have in his Forehead, that which
)ve call a Feather, which is a natural frizling or turn* ing of the Hair. If he have two that are near or touch, the Mark is fo much the better. Some People fancy, that if the Feather be below
the Eyes it is a fign of a weak fight. But Experi- ence will difcover the uncertainty of this Obferva- tion. If a Horfe be neither White, Dapled, nor ap-
proaching thole Colours, he fhould have a Star or Blaze in his Forehead : It being a defect not only for the Beauty, but oft-times for the Goodnefs of a Horfe of any dark colour, to be without one. Of the Eye-pits.
The Eye-pits fhould not be too much funk, for if they are deep and hollow they are ugly, and make B 3 the
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6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
the Horfe appear to be old. Horfes that come of
an old Stallion, have it from their very Youth, fome more, fome lefs. Of the Eyes.
The Eyes which are bright, lively, full of fire, and
pretty large and full, are moft efteemed: Thofe which are very big are not the beft, neither fhould they be too gogling or flaring out of the Head, but equal with it, and have a large and full pupil or ground. Moreover, the Eye fhould be refolute, impudent,
and brifk : A Horfe to appear well fhould look on his Obje<5t fixedly, and with a kind of difdain, and not look another way. In the Eye is alfo difcovered his Inclination, PaiTion, Malice, Health and Indif- pofition. When the Eyes are funk, or that the Eye- brows are too elevate, and as it were fwelled, it is a fign of vitioufnefs and ill-nature. Such kind of Horfes have a melancholy Countenance, but are commonly of great fatigue. The Eye is the moft tender and delicate part of
the whole Body, being the laft which is formed in the Womb, and the firft that dies. Of the Jaw-bones.
The Jaw-bones fhould be narrow and lean, the di-
ftance betwixt them at the Throat fhould be large and hollow, that he may the better place his Head. If the Jaw-bone be too fquare, that is, if there be too great a diftance betwixt the Eye and that part of it which touches his Neck, it is not only ugly and unbecoming, but alfo hinders him from placing his Head. And if there be but little diftance be- twixt the Jaw-bones, then as foon as you pull the Bridle to bring his Plead into its moft becoming pofture, the Bone meeting with his Neck, will hin- der him, efpecially if he have alfo with that Imper- fection, a fhort and thick Neck. Of
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 7
Of the Muzzle.
From that part where the Nofe-band of the Bridle
refteth, which is fomewhat below the middle of the Jaw-bone, and where it begins to ftraiten and be- come narrow : I fay, from chat part to his Muzzle he fhould have nothing but Skin and Bone, and the fmaller the better : Therefore People commonly % he fhould be able to drink out of a Beer-glafs, by reafon of the fmalnefs of his Muzzle. A Horfe'sHead fhould not be too long ; but the
chief thing is a good On-fet, that he may be able to bring it into its natural fituation, which is, that aU the forepart of the Head, from the very Brow to the Nofe, be perpendicular to the Ground, fo that if there were a Plummet applied to it, it would but juft fhave or raze it. Of the Noftrils.
The Noftrils fhould be large and extended, fo that
the Red within them may be perceived, especially when he Sneereth. The widenefs of the Noftril doth n°t a little contribute to eafinefs of Breathing. Of the Mouth.
The Mouth fhould be indifferently well cloven;
when it is too much, there is great difficulty fo to bitt a Horfe as that he may not fwallow it, as we fay. And if he have a little Mouth, then with dif- ficulty can the Mouth of the Bitt be right lodged in it. Of the Tongue.
The 'Tongue fhould be fmall, other wife it will be
difficult to keep the Bitt from preffing it, which ma- king the Tongue to extend over his Barrs and cover them, will render his feeling of the preffure of the Bitt dull, by hindring its operation and effecl: upon the Barrs, ?. 4 Qf
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t, The Compleat Horfeman: or.
Of the Barrs.
The Barrs fhould be fharp-ridged, and lean, for
all the fubje&ion which a Horfe fullers by the Bridle, proceeding from the Barrs, if they have not the a- bove-mentioned Qualities, they will be very little, or not at all fenfible, fo that he can never have a good Mouth. For if they be flat, round, and un- fenfible, the Bitt will not work its efFeft, and to take "hold of fuch a Horfe by his Tail, or by the Bridle, to govern him, will prove much about one. Of the Channel.
The Channel or hollow betwixt the Under-Jaws, mould be large enough to contain his Tongue, that it be not preffed with the mouth of the Bitt, which fhould always have a little liberty in the middle of it. Of the Palate.
His Palate fhould be lean, for if it be fat, that is,
if it be full and high, fo that it be almoft equal with the extremities of his upper Teeth, the leaft height in the liberty of a Bitt will incommode him, and will make him either check in the Bridle, and be al- ways throwing up of his Head, or otherwife carry it too low, which, befides the deformity, will much incommode the Hand of the Rider. Of the Lips.
Thin and little Lips contribute to a good Mouth,
but the contrary if they be large and thick. Of the Beard.
The Beard fhould be neither flat nor too high raifed, that fo the Curb may reft in its right place. It fhould have but little Flefh upon it, and almoft nothing but Skin and Bone, without any kind of chops, hardnefs, or fwelling. It
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Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. p
It is a good fign in a Horfe to have his Mouth
frefh and full of Froth, becaufe his Mouth being always moift, will not fo eafily over- heat, and is a token that the Bitt gives him pleafure. Of the Neck.
The Neck mould be lean, and but little Flefh up-
on it; and to be well-lhaped, it fhould at its going from the Withers rife with a Hope upwards, dimi- nishing by degrees towards the Head: It mould have but little Flefh upon it, near to the growing of the Mane. In Mares it is a good quality to have their Necks a little grofs, and charged with Flefh, becaufe their Necks are commonly too fine and flender. Beer-necks or Cock-thropled, are thofe in which
the Flefh that mould be next the Mane is placed quite below and next the Throat, which renders the Neck ugly and ill-fhaped. A well-fhaped Neck, befides the Beauty it gives
to a Horfe, contributes very much to the making nun light or heavy on the Fland, according as it is fine or courfe. But it is not the fhape of the Neck alone, which makes a Horfe light or heavy on the Hand, but good or bad Legs and Feet, and ftrong or weak Reins; however, the Neck has a great Ihare in it. Of the Mane.
The Hair of the Mane fhould be long, thin and fine; if it be frizled fo much the better. Of the Withers
The Withers fhould be well-raifed and pretty long, becaufe it is a fign of ftrength and goodnefs; and they keep the Saddlefrom coming forward upon his Shoulders and Neck, which immediately fpoils and galls a Horfe, a„nd when once hurt in that place is
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io The Compleat Horfeman: or,
is very difficult to cure. They fhould alfo be lean,
and not too flefhy; for then they will be much more fubjecl: to galling. Of the Breaft or Counter.
A large and full Breaft or Counter is always efteem-
ed in light or fmall fized Horfes; but in Dutch Horfes they are commonly too large, which makes them heavy. In Horfes for draught, largeand broad Counters do very well, for they draw with the more eafe, and the Harnefs galls them lefs: But then it gives them the perfect quality of a Cart- Horfe, who the more he is tied to the Qround, and the bigger the better he is. Of the Shoulders.,
The Shoulders mould be fharp and narrow at the
Withers, of a middle fize, flat, and but little Flefh upon them •, becaufe a Horfe charged with Shoul- ders can never be agreeable to the Rider, for he will not only be heavy on the Hand and weary fooner, but trip and (tumble every Minute, efpe- cially if with fuch large Shoulders he have a thick and big Neck. The Shoulders of a well-maped Horfe are compared to thofe of a Hare, and the diftance between them fhould be little more than Jialf the breadth of his Hinder-Quarters. But as fome Saddle-Hqrfes are too large in the
Shoulders, fo others are too fmall, that is, when their Breafts are fo narrow that their Fore-Thighs alrnoft touch; fuch Horfes are worth very little, becaufe they have a weak Fore-hand, and by crof- fing their Legs are apt to cut; and in Galloping carry their Legs fo confufedly, that they are fubjecl: to fall. Better too muh Shoulders than this. A Horfe of a middle fize fhould have about half
a Foot or five Inches diftance between his Fore- Thighs; and when he is ftanding ftraighc upon his Limbs
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Part I. Perfett Farrier. 1t
Limbs there fhould be a lefs diftance between his
Feet, than between his Thighs near the Shoulders. Of the Reins.
A Horfe fhould have double Reins, which is when
he hath them a little more elevate upon each fide of the Back-bone, than upon it. The Back fhould be ftrait and not hollow or Saddle-backed. Becaufe iuch Horfes, tho' they are commonly light, and have their Necks raifed and high, yet they have fel- dom much ftrength; and 'tis alfo difficult fo to fit a Saddle to them, that it do not gall them. They have alfo commonly excefiive big Bellies* which renders them uncomely. A he Ribs fhould be circular and full, taking their
compafs from the very Back-bone. Of the Belly.
The Belly to be of an ordinary bignefs, but Hi Coach-Horfes the larger the better, provided it be r°und and well inclofed within the Ribs, and rather extending upon the fides than downwards. Of the Flanks.
The Flanks fhould be full, and at the top of them
on each fide fhould be a Feather, and the nearer thole Feathers are to each other, fo much the bet- ter, but if they be as it were within view, then the Mark is excellent. 1 he diftance between the laft Rib and Haunch-
bone, which is properly the Flank, fhould be fhort, which we term well-coupled. Such Horfes will endure Labour longeft. Of the Croup.
The Croup fhould be large and round, fo that the tops of the two Haunch-bones be not within view of other. The greater diftance between thofe two Bones
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i z The Compleat Horfeman: or>
Bones the better: But it is an Imperfection if they
be too high, call' d^Hcrn-hipped, though that Blemifh will in a great meafure disappear, if you can make him fat and lufty. The Croup mould have its compafs from the Haunch-bones to the very Dock or Onfet of the Tail, and mould be divided in two by a Hollow or Channel all along to the very Dock. Of the Tail.
The Tail mould be firm, ftrong, immoveable, and
well furnifh'd with Hair. The Dofk mould be big, ftiff, and placed pretty high: Thofe that have it too low fet, have feldom good Reins. Though ibme have ic too high fet, which makes; their But- tocks appear pointed and unbecoming. In the Forelegs are the Arm or Fore-thigh and the
Shank; both which the larger, broader, and more nervous they are, the better. The Knee.£nou\A be fiat and large without any roundnefs or fwelling. The Back-finew being the moft considerable part in
a Horfe's Leg, ihould be big: And becaufe thofe Legs are moft efteemed which are broadeft and flat- ted, the greater the diftance between the Back- finew and the Shank-bone, the better. Of the Pajlern.
The Pajlern ihould be fhort, efpecially in middle- fiz'd Horfes, becaufe long Patterns are weak and cannot fo well endure Travel. Some have them fo long, that their Paftern-joints almoft touch the Ground, which is a fign of great Weaknefs in that Part, if it be not alfo univerfal. Of the Coronet.
The Coronet Ihould be no more elevate than the Hoof; for if it makes a Ridge or Height round it, it is a fign, that either the Foot is dried up, or that there
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Part. I. Perfect Farrier. 13
there are a great many Humours in the Coronet,
which may occafion the Crown-Scab and other Sores » to which that part is fubjecL Of the Hoof.
The Horn of the #00/fhould be of a dark Co-
lour, fomewhat mining, high and fmooth : The White is commonly Brittle. To be excellent, it fhould be of the Colour of a Deer's Hoof, and the whole Foot of a round Figure, but a little larger below than above. The Heel fhould be high and large, and one fide
°f it fhould not rife higher upon the Paftern than the other.' i The Fmjh, although little, mould yet be well
nourifhed. In Hoof-bound Horfes it is too little, for it is almoft quite dried up. And as it is a Fault to have it little, fo it is one to have it too large and fet, as it were, efpecially in Horfes that have low Heels, or are flat-footed. Of the Sole.
The Sole fhould be thick and ftrong, and the
whole lower-part of the Foot, where the Shoe is placed, hollow. Having confider'd the Fore-Legs, let us go to
thofe behind. The thighs fhould be well furnifh'd and flefhy:
For although the Croup be well turned, yet if the Thighs be flender and lean he will appear narrow behind;'. which is call'd,' Cat-thigh'd. The Houghs or Hams fhould be large, full, and
not much bended i dry, difcharged of Flefh, ner- vous, and fupple. Of the Inflep.
The Bone of the Hind-Leg from the Ham to the Paftern-joint, call'd the Inftef, fhould be big and flat,
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14 7*he Compleat Horfeman: or,
flat, and in a perpendicular Line to the Ground,
■when the Horfe js in his natural Pofture of {land- ing. When the Infteps ftand not perpendicularly it is a certain fign of weaknefs either in the Reins, or Hinder-quarters. A Horfe who hath good Feet before, hath feldom
bad behind, except by Accident. Therefore Peo- ple look to the Hind-Feet but flightly. There remains one vifible Imperfection to be con-
fider'd •, that is, when the Legs are too long in pro- portion to their Bodies, or thehaving too much Day- light under their Bellies. It is beftjudg'd by the Eye; But to fatisfle the Curious, take a Thread and mea- fure from the Withers to the Elbow •, and whatever length that is, he mould have the fame Diftance be- tween the Elbow and lower-part of his Heel. There- fore many People Meafure their Colts at a Year old, and take the diftance from the lower-part of the Heel to the Elbow, and fay, their Bodies will always grow until there be the fame diftance be- tween their Elbow and Withers as there was betwixt the Elbow and Heel: Becaufe, fay they, at a Year old a Colt hath its Legs as long as ever: Which I have indeed obferved in fome, but not in all: And the Duke of Newcafile in his Book condemns this Obfervation. |
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CHAP. III.
How to know a Horfe''s Age while he hath
Mark. |
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W
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Hen a Horfe is two Years old and a half, he
hath twelve Foal-teeth in the fore-part of his |
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Mouth ; and about that time, or foon after, four of
them do fall, viz. two above and two below, in the very middle. (In fome Horfes they do not fall till three
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Part. I. PerfeEl Farrier. i j
three Years, the Obfervation not being fo exact as
always to anfwer two Years and a half.) There grows in their place four others, call'd Nippers or Gatherers* much ftronger and larger than the Foal-teeth, and then he is at moft but three Years old, and com- monly but two and a half. At three and a half, and fometimes at four, he
cafts the next four Foal-teeth, viz. two above and two below, and in their room come four Teeth call'd Separaters. There remains then but four Foal-teeth in the
Corners, which he changes commonly at four Years and a half. It will be neceffary to keep in memo- ry two and a half, three and a half, and four and a half •, that is to fay, when a Horfe has caft two ^eeth above and as many below, he is but two £ears and a half: When he hath caft four Teeth a- oove and as many below, he is three Years and a hair: and when he has caft fix above, and as many pelow, which is to have them all changed, then he is four Years and a half old. It is to be obferved, that the Corner-teeth in the
Upper-gums are caft before thofe in the Nether: But on the contrary the Under-tufiles grow out be- fore the Upper. And Horfes are often fick when the Tufhes of the Upper-gums,grow out, but are never fo when thefe below come forth. The Tufh.es are preceded by no Foal-teeth, but
grow up when a Horfe is about three Years and a half, and commonly grow up before the Corner- teeth are caft. Sofoonas the Gatherers and Separaters havepierc'd
and cut the Gums, they make all their growth in fifteen Days: But the Corner-teeth do not grow fo luddenly. Yet that doth not hinder but that at their very firft appearing they are as thick and broad as the other, but are no higher than the thicknefs of a Crown-Piece, and very fharp and hollow. * When
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16 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
When a Horfe hath no more Foal-teeth, and that
his Corner-teeth begin to appear, he is then in his fifth Year-, that is, he hath about four Years and a half, and is going in his fifth. When he firft puts out his Corner-teeth, they are of equal height with the Gums on the outfi.de, and the infide of them is filled with Flefh until! he be near five; andwhen he comes to be five Years old, that Flefh difappears, and there will remain in the place of it a hollow ; that is, they are not fo high on the infide as the out, which they wiJl come to be about a Year after their firft appearing. So that when a Horfe's Corner- teeth are filled with Flefh, you may confidently af- firm that he is not five. From five to five and a half, the Corner-teeth
remain hollow on the infide, and that part which was filled with Flefh is empty. - From five and a naif till fix, the hollow on the
infide fills up, and the Teeth grow and become fiat and equal at top, only a little Cavity remains in the middle, refembiing the Eye of a dry Bean, and then they fay the Horfe is entring fix. And fo long as a Horfe's Corner-teeth are not fo high on the infide as the out, he is ftill laid to be but five, although he be five and a half, and fonaetimes fix. You may alfo do well to remember, that at four
Years and a half, when the Corner-Teeth appear, and are filled on the infide with Flefh, that the out- fide of them will then be about the thicknefs of a Crown abovethe Gums, and will locontinue till five. And from thence to five and a half the outward Edge will be about the thicknefs of two Crowns a- bove the Gums. At fix they will be about the breadth of one's little Finger above the Gums, andhisTufhes will be at their full length. At feven Years they will be about the thicknefs of the fecond or Ring- finger above the Gums, and the hollow altnoft quite worn out and gone. 3 At
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"art I. Perfect Farrier. if
At eight Years old the Horfe will be razed ; that
, s, none of his Teeth will be hollow, but flat quite above th r°Ut ^ chicknefs of the M'ddle-finger mL 'S VXt& C0ntrat7 in Horfes to what it is with
i*ii« ' ng PeoP!e Labour and endure Fatigue toil h Parably better than o]d: Whereas Horfes will
when " When they are oId than y°unS- Men are a/T"^' ^ a"d fleep bettCr than when they
deil J? ut Horfes on the contrary eat a great deal more when a little aged, and alfo reftVt-
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C H A P. IV.
Mark Shell-tooth*d, or hollow-tooth'd, or whole
Mark is counterfeited. J A Fter a Horfe has razed, a Man cannot judge
<-h o°r b;ShfsST\JmUeCs by ^ f** °f * ^L that fo *£"h ? aPPeari°"g » a"d it is certain
To muchXe nH ?V ^^ Teeth are> he ls
Will cohtraa- L a ^"uaS he Sr°WS old> his Teeth •that there a?e?Uft ™t STe Td,0W- Not but and white Tee^T old ^ who have very fhort That rhev h™l ; and PeoPle % of fuch Horfes, Ambling the true lil ? ^ ^ Tmh'
we paft eth n n ,k> a lon§ time afcer they The t3£■ ,-"?' buC then ic is not hollow,
to knoJ^^/tr^ CCrUin Mark wher^ |
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c If
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18 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
IfaHorfe be but fix, the Upper-tufhes will be a
little channell'd, or fomewhat hollow'd and groov'tl upon the infides: And when he is above fix, they fill up, and become a little round in the infides. This Obfervation never or rarely fails. If you feel the Tufhes of his Upper-Jaw with
your Finger, and find them to be worn equal with the Palat, theHorfe is then at leaft ten Years old. This Obfervation feldom fails, unlefs the Horfc when young hath carried a bigger mouth'd Bitt lhan was proper for him. Young Horfes have always their Under-tufiies
fharp and pointed, pretty long, fomewhat edged upon both fides, and without any Ruft upon them: But as they become aged their Tuflies grow big and blunt, round and fcaly, and in very old Horfes, they are extremely thick, round, and yellow. A Horfe is faid to be Shell-tooth'd when he has
long Teeth, and yet black Specks in them-, and thfs Mark lafts all their Life. It is eafily known, becaufe the Mark appears in the other Fore-teeth as well as in the Corner-teeth. In Age the Points of the Gatherers Hand outward
a little-, and when extremely old, point almoft ftraight forward: But when he is young they ftand al- moft ftraight up, and are juft equal with the outer Edges of thofe above. Sometimes the Upper-teeth do thus point forward, but for the moll part it h the Under that do it. If you require no exa£tnefs, but only to know if
he be young or old, lift up the Upper-lip; and if his Upper-teeth be long, yellow, and overpafiing thofe below, it betokens Age. As the contrary Signs, fuch as ftiort and white Teeth, and thofe of the Upper- jaw not overpafiing thofe below, betoken Youth. There are fome Horfes whofe Teeth continue al-
ways white and fhort, as if they were but fix. When fuch Horfes fall into the Hands of Cheats, they of- tentimes |
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"art I. PerfeB Farrier, jo
tentimes counter-mark them, by hollowing the
WnTteu,Ch xVi,th an Ingraving-tron, and putting
jome double Ink immediately into the Hole, and iere Jet ft dry, which will remain as long as the
* eeth continue hollow. Others with a red-hot Iron K-V Gram of Rye in the Hollows of the Teeth
wjuch makes them perfectly black ; for there pro- ceeds from the Rye a kind of Oil, which by the help or the burning cleaves fail: to the Hollows of the Lit v?n- 7CUtl To Prevent beinS chea^d bv IhT^rj"18' obferve if there be any Scratches on tne outhdes of the Hollows of the Teeth (becaufc ine graver fometimes flips and fcratches the other P rts or the Teeth) for then you may conclude him blarb 1ark'd; and an artificial Hollow is much per Trfinan a naturaL Take notice alr° of his Up- nr l^ii ; the infides of which fliould be eroov'd or noilow until the Horfe be feven Years old. Ob- rl'V lfhe have any fi§ns of old Age> foch as
tne Upper-teeth long, overpaying thofe below, and yeuow-; the lower part of the neither Jaw-bone fharp and edged j the Under-Tufhes ufed, big, and fca- /; it he have thefe Tokens of Age, and yet ap- rnaJd a ' " " ^ probable that he is counter- ft I We heard of filing a Horfe's Teeth to make 'em of it in ?-ut eve no Man ever made twice trpi
which ,. ^ire-time. For if you file the under-teeth,
Which are thofe at which People ]ook tQ knQw ^ than thn2th?feab0Ve Wil1 be 0bferv'd to be longer
Teeth brth\hich haVC been A°rtned: And if the law P nr°Ve and bd°W be Ao^ned, then the lovn" a / urihders beinS at their ful1 ^ngth will joyn and fo hinder the Upper and Lowef-teeth, Plaint^/6 ih°^ned' fro™ clofing, which wjl
beiniyfhtC°Vuer^he Cheat: For the HorlVs Mouth
from eth' ^ F°Tr^ *? be at a Sreac <***«
rrom each other. Befidcs the Horfe would not iq a C 2 lor^
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2 0 7 he Compleat 'Horfe man * or^
Jong time be in a Condition to chew his Meat, bf
reaion of the ftrefs endured by the filing-, neither could he drawTiisHay or Straw from the Rack, be- ; caufe of the diftance between his Lower and Upper- teeth. Having now explained how a Horfe's Age may be
known by his Teeth, I fnall next give you fome o- ther Rules, tho' not fo certain as the former. Some have recourfe to thejoints of the Tail, paf-
fing their Hand along it, to feel for a Knot or Joint in the upper-part of it, which cometh forth when he is between ten and twelve; a fecond when he is fourteen. Others thruft back a Horfe's Under-lip -, and fo many Plyes or Folds as they find, fo many Years old they fay he is. They who are fatisfied with thefe Marks may make ufe of them •, for my part I efteem them very little. After the Mark is gone, I always have recourfe to his Legs, to know if they be neat and good ; to his Flank, if it be well trufs'd, and not too full and fwallow'd up-, to his Feet -, and laftly, to his Appetite. However, I fhall give you fome other Obfervations to know the Age of a Horfe that is paft Mark. . When the Pits above the Eyes are extremely hol-
low, it is for\the moft part a certain Token of old Age-, although Horfes got by an old Stallion have them very deep at four or five Years old, as alfo their Eye-lids and Eyes wrinkled and hollow. In young Horfes that part of the nether Jaw-bone,
which is- three or four Fingers breadth above the Beard is always round, but in old Horfes fharp and edged : So that a Man who is accuftom'd to it, will, before he open a Horfe's Mouth, judge pretty near of his Age, . This is a good Remark, Some will pull the Skin of the nether Jaw-bone or
Shoulder a little to them, and if the Skin continue
Jong-without returning to its place, it is a fign, fay
they, the Horfe is not young; and the longer it is
in
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Parti. Perfeti Farrier. 21
sn returning, the older he is. A Man fhould not
"■Utt much to this Obfervation, becaufe the Skin of * »ean Horfe, altho' young, will be longer in re- turning to its place, than the Skin of an old Horfe mat is rat and plump. Se£nother certain Mark of Old Age is when a Horfe
etb) that is, when upon his Eye-brows there groweth about the breadth of a Farthing of white "airs, mixed with thofe of his natural colour. A •none never feeleth untill he be fourteen Years then- anlau ways before he be fifteen or fl*teen ^ far-
rIl! he ]lSht Sorrel and Black do fooner feel ««n any other Colo urs.
Horle-Courfers commonly pull out thofe white
canno7S ?'ncers: buc if they be fo man7 that it
annot be done without making the Horfe look oaid and ugly, then they colour their Eye-brows mac they may not appear old. hjp01! ?anu-d§e of,his ASS alfo'by looking on
■ raiat, becaufe as he grows old the roof of his
An A I f°WS leaner and drier towards the middle:
hiah th°le,nd8es 7h''ch in young Horfes are pretty
^andplump, diminifhas theyincreafein Age: So
thinVr^ °ld H°rfeS theroofof the Mouth is no-
efoeaaH' ^ ™* B°nC- This Remirk is Sood>
whprph^m,Mares' who have feldom any Tufhes G H° W thdr A-ge*
\vhenelr™lks}?eCOme Wh'te' aS they Srow old> a"d nt conclndeSedu are Whke/H °Ver; buc this doth
not Condude5 that nQ Horfes afe foaled ^.^ ^ mo but very rarely. But thofe which are foaled
S„are krn°WP by their Knees and Hams, which continue, for the moft part, ftill of that colour. |
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C-3 CHAP.
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2 z The Compleat Horfeman: or.
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. C H A P. V.
Of the Eyes.
IT is difficult to perceive Eyes in the Sun-fhine,
becaufe in the Sun all Eyes appear to be better than really they are: Therefore take theHorfe to a fhade, and place your Hand above his Eye, to keep away the too great light, and do not look ftrait up- on them, but "a little a fquint or flope-ways, arid then you will perceive them to the very ground or bottom. If you will judge truly of a Horfe's Eye, you
fhould firft view them at Night in the Stable, by the light'of a fmall Candle, placing the Eye between you and the Candle. But yet I would not advife you to buy a Hbrfe barely upon this Qbfervation, left it deceive you ; I only mention it as a help, that you may diftinguifh them with the more We in the day-time. ' In the Eye are two things to be confider'd, viz. i. The Chryftal.
2. The Bottom or ground of the Eye.
The Chryftal is that roundnefs of the Eye, which
appears at firft view, being the moft tranfparent part of it, and fhould for the clearnefs, refemblea piece of a Rock-Chryftal, (o that one may fee clearly thro' it, becaufe if it be obfcure and troubled, fo that you cannot fee thro' it, it is a fign the Eye is not good. The Eye fhould alfo have no white Circle about it, yet there are Horfes that have this Circle, and have alfo very good Eyes, but it were rather to be wifhed they wanted it. A reddifh Chryftal is a fign that the Eye is either
inflamed, or that it is influenced by the Moon. A Cnryftai that is Feallle movt% or of the colour of a dead,
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Part I. Perfect Farrier. 23
dead Leaf upon the lower part, and troubled upon
the upper, is an infallible Mark that the Horfe is Tun.itick, but it continues no longer than while the Humour doth actually poffefs the Eye. Now you may know when that is, by the Eye being fwelled, and emitting a great deal of hot Water or Humour. This mark of the Eye being of that colour and red- dim, as if the Eye were full of bloody W ater, is one of the moft certain whereby to know when a Horfe is Lunatick; but obferve, it is only fo when the defluxion hath fallen down, and then he feeth not with that Eye. Now to know a Lunatick Eye when the defluxion is not actually upon it, confider that if onelie one of the Eyes be fubjecl: to it, then it will appear lefs than the other, the Chryftal of it will be alfo troubled, and the bottom or ground of the Eye black and brownifh. But the Moon in the Eyes is better known by a troubled Chryltal than any other Mark whatfoever. Moon-blind Eyes are commonly worft in the Wane; fometimes in the *ull, and are never to be blooded but in great ner «flky, and then in the Flank. The fecond part of the Eye to be confider'd is the
ground or bottom, which is properly the Pupil or APPle of the Eye, and fhould be large and full. It muft clearly be perceived, that you may certainly know if there be any Dragon, which is a white Spot in the bottom of the Eye, which makes a Horfe hb ^ ^ ^ye' °r wiU d° !t in a A°rt time' In
the beginning *lt: appears no bigger than a grain of Millet, but groweth to fuch a bignefs as to cover
the whole Apple of the Eye, and is alfo incurable.
« the whole Bottom or Apple of the Eye be
white, or of a tranfparent greenifh white, it is a bad
^'gn, tho' perhaps he is not quite blind with it, but
as yet fees a little. But you muft take notice that if
you look to aHorfe's Eyes when oppofite to a white
wall, the reflexion pf it will make the Apples of
C 4 them
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24 The Compkat Horfemm: or,
them appear whitith, and a little inclining to green,
alcho' they be'indced good: When you perceive this, you may try if his Eyes have the fame appear- ance in another place. If you can perceive above the Bottom or Apple of
the Eye, as it were two grains of Chimny-foot fix'd to it, it is a fignthe Chryital is clear and tranfparent; and if to this, the Bottom of the Eye be without Spot or Whitenefs, then the Eye will be good. You are-alfo to confider, if an Eye which is trou-
bled and very brown, be lefs than the other; for if it be, it is loft without recovery; and it is alfo a great hazard that he will lofe the other Eye alfo. But you muft remember tha.t by fome accident an Eye may appear to be lefs than the other, and yet no danger of lofing his fight, neither will it be troubled or of a brownifh colour; as when an Eye- lid is heal'd up after a Wound, it may be arlittle ftraiter than before, which will caufe the Body of the Eye tofeem lefs than the other, altho' k be real- ly not fo, which oft-times happens. Beware of thofe little Eyes which are funk into
the Head, and are very black, and try if you can perfectly fee through the Chryftal, Then look to the bottom of the Eye, and fee that the Pupil be big and large. In all Eyes the flnall, narrow, and long Pupils run a greater risk of lofing the Sight than any other. > There are more general Obfervations for knowing
Eyes: For Example; the Walk or Step of a blind Horfe is-always uncertain and unequal, not daring to fet down his Feet boldly when he is led in one's Hand : But if the fame Horfe be mounted by a vi- gorus Horfeman,and the Horfe ofhimfelf be met- led, then the fear of the Spurs will make him ride refolutely and freely, fo that his blindnefs fhall .hardly be perceived. Another
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*
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1 art T. PerfeB Farrier. 2 j
Another Mark whereby aHorfe that is abfoiutely
««a may be known, is that when he hears any enter into the Stable, he will prick up his Ears and jnove them backwards and forwards: The reafon is, becaufe a vigorous Horfe having loft his fight, mi-, itrufts every thing, and is continually in alarm by Ae Icaft noife he hears. The Colours mod fubject to bad Eyes are the very
aark grey, the flea-bitten, the white fpotted, and colour of a Peach-blofom, and alfo the Roan oft- times. hen Horfes have either the true or falfe Strangle,
or are changing the Foal-Teeth, or are putting out tneir i,pper Tufhes, fome of them have their fight the hrd troubled' io that a Man would judge
r emJ>'I.n(a' and fometimes they do really become • 1 his weaknefs of fight happens oftner in rime ct catting the Corner-Teeth than any of the reft. Some People will pafs their Hand or Finger before
a Horfe's Eyes, or pufh their Fingeralmoft into his ^ye, and if he move his Eye-lids, or wink and "lut them, then they efteem them good, but if he keep them ftiil open, then they fay he is blind. Others, if they can fee their own Faces in a Horfe's ^ye> as in a Looklng-glafs, conclude that the Eye is good; but they are all mightily miftaken: And as to the laft Remark, a bad and troubled Eye will reprefent the Face better than a good one. |
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CHAP.
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2 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. VI.
A Continuation of the Knowledge of Faults and
Imperfections in Horjes, and what is to be obfer- vedwhen buying them. AFter you have confider'd the Age and Eyes,
put your Hand between the two Jaw-bones near to the Horfe's Throat, to feel if there be a good diftance between them, that fo he may with the more eafe bring in and place his Head : Far that diftance between the Jaw-bones being pretty large and hollow, and tapering by degrees from the Throat to the Chin, will contribute much to the goodnefs of the Mouth. Next you are to obferve if there be any Swelling,
Hardnefs, or moving Kernel between thefe two Bones, which if the Horfe be young, is a fign that he hath not yet caft his Gonrme or Strange, or at leaft that he hath caft it but imperfectly. But if he be more aged, although he have a pretty number of them (provided they be no bigger than large Peafe) they are of no great Confequence, becaufe Exercife and Sweating will difcufs them in a fhort time. However, if the Horfe be pail fix Years old, they are a little more to be feared, altho' they fhould noc hinder you from buying the Horfe, if he otherwife pleafe you. Such moving Kernels may proceed from a Rheum qr Cold, or from a remainder of the Gourme or Strangle, which may have left thefe Swellings in that part, by which Nature difcharg'd her felf of her Impurities, and through which thefe bad Humours did evacuate themfelves, by the negli- gence and carelefnefs of thofe Perfons who having the charge of fuch Horfes did not attempt to refolve and diicufs thefe Hardneffes and Swellings. |
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"art I. PerfeB Farrier. zy
If there be a fixed Kernel, painful and fattened
to the Jaw-bones, it is almoft always a fign of the Glanders, efpecially the Horfe being paft feven Years of Age -, but if lie be not as yet fix, then it may be only the Strangle, efpecially if he have a Cough with it •, for commonly a Cough is only an effect of the Strangle. However, if there be the leaft ap- pearance of the Glai»ders, I would not advife you to meddle with him, becaufe it is a Bifeafe which is very rarely cured, whatever great Secrets fo many- printed Books do promife for it. A Rheum or Cold, may be alfo the Caufes of a Kernel fix'd to the Jaw- ^V a^ter t^ie *~lime Manner as thofe which pro- ceed from the Glanders, but then it may be difcufs'd y a due application ; yet if negle&ed, it for the
moftparr turns to a Glander. ° oome Horfes have bigaad fixed HardnelTes, which
are faiten'd commonly on the infide of one of the Jaw-bones and are no token at all of the Glanders: nefe are Excrefcences or Figs; which are of no
^onfequence, and are removed firft with the Inci- "On-knife, and then the Roots of them are eaten away With Powders •, but the neateft Method ot taking thera away, is by tying them hard about the *<-oots in the decreafe of the Moon, with a thread of cnmfon Silk, and then anointing them every iJay with the Juice of Purflain. Thefe Figs are noc dangerous, nor any fign at all of the Horfe's having the Glanders. When you perceive a Horfe to have any kind of
kernels between his Jaw-bones, whether fixed or to f y°" muft with your Hand ftop his Noftrils, , }* bein§ a pretty while without breathing
tnrough them, he will force himfelf to fnear
Jfnen you lethimgp, which if he do, you muft ob- Ih Sie Noftrils rur», and if he throw out of pern a Matter fomewhat refembling the glair or
yvnitesofFggs, which if it be but in a fmall quan-
tity |
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2 8 The Compleat Hurfeman: or,
tity is not to be'regarded; but if it be in great a-
bundance, and of an Impofthumous confiftence, then it is to be feared, efpecially if it be vifcous, and clecvcthto the infide of hisNoftrils, into which you are alfotolook, if the fharpnefs of the Humour hath as yet occafioned any Ulcer, which is a-' certain token of its great Malignity, not only becaufe it may bejuftly fupected to be the Glanders, but it is alfo dangerous for the infefting other Horfes. -And if the Horfe have attained to eight Years, you are not to venture upon him, even altho' that grofs and vifcous Humour fhould have only proceeded from a Rheum. As alfo if you perceive a fixed Kernel, which the Horfe cannot fuffer you to handle, be- caufe of the great pain he endures by it, or that he cafts only at one Noftril; or likewiie if the Kernel be very hard, though not painful; or if he do not- Cough with it, although he be under fix Years old. I think in all thefe Cafes you may conclude with a great deal of reafon that it is the Glanders. |
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CHAP. VII.
How to know when a Hor/e's Legs are good.
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H
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Aving before treated of the Shoulders in the fe-
condChapter , I fhall next confider the Legs, |
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which are the Pillars by which this Edifice is fup-
ported. The Fore-Legs are fubjecT: to many Infirmities,
they are the Parts which fuffer moft, and are alfo co.mmonly the fmalleft and weakeft. The firft mark I fhall give you. of bad Legs, that
is, which are ufed and fpoiled, is, if they appear altogether ftraight, or as they were all of one Piece. A Horfe is faid to be ftraight upon his Members, when from the Knee to the fore-part of the Coronet, the Knecs.j
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"art. I. Perfect Farrier. a 9
^nees, Shank, and Coronet defcend in a ftrait or
1 lum-line, and that the Paftern-joint appears more, or at leaftas much advanced as the reft of the Leg. juch Legs are like thofe of a Goat, and make a "orfe apt to ftumble and fall; and in time, the ijadern is thruft quite forwards out of its place, and the Horfe becomes Lame. i hat a Leg may be faid to be right planted or
Muate, the Paftern mould be placed about two Fin- gers breadth more backwards than the Coroner, that is, if you ftretch a Thread or Line between, the top of the Knee and the fore-part of the Coronet 5-n. Hoof> the fore-part of the Paftern mould be "Want from that Thread about the breadth of two ingers, more or lefs according to the fize of the orfe •, whereas in a Horfe that is ftrait upon his
Members, the fore-part of his Paftern will be as far advanced as to the Thread or Line. Horfes which are ftrait upon their Members are
9mte contrary to thofe that are long-jointed, that is,
jyhcfe Paftems are fo long and flexible that the
«orfe m walking almoft touches the Ground with
le™' Thls is a greater Imperfe&ion than the for-
S?v t0 lhetn there maybe fome Remedyufed*
kut for this there can be none. Befides, it is a to-
not fi f litcIe or no ftrenSth' and fuch Horfes are
ht f0r any j,jnj Qf tojj or fatigue. _ ?tne horfes, altho' they be long jointed, yet do
/• . en^ their Pafterns in walking, and may prove a Je. There are Englifi Horfes of ftrong j s' w"°aJtho' their Paftern-joints are fomewhac w'lf' \T~ ^e^ are not to° flex'b^e> *uch Horfes hi if-j an^ run w^th a Sreat dea* more eafe to .S ^lder, than if he were very fhort jointed: And ',ele are the only Horfes for Perfons of Quality
have wherewithal to feek after their eafe and ao'eeablenefs in a Horfe. Such Horfes may be |
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CO
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mpared to Coaches with Springs, which render
them
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%
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3d The Compleat Horfeman: or,
them infinitely more eafie than thofe withouE
them. This Imperfection of bending too much the Pa-
ftern-joint, fhould be as carefully taken notice of in the Hind-Legs as in the fore: And there are alfo fome Horfes which bend too much only in the Hind-Pafterns, and not in thofe before, which is a token that they have a very weak Hind-Quarter, and is a great Imperfection, whatever kind of Ser- vice they may be defigned for: And if they have Wind-galls, they are more dangerous behind, than if they were before. Neither will they be proper for the Coach, becaufe they will not endure pulling back, or Haying the Coach upon any defcent. Obferve therefore narrowly, that the Paftern-
foints be neither too ftiff nor too fmall, nor upon the contrary too plying and flexible. For the Know- ledge of all I have faid concerning a Horfe being ftrait upon his Members, depends abfolutely upon the exaft obfervation of the Paftern-joints. Thofe Horfes which are fhort-legg'd, or fhort-
jointed, are fubjecl: to become ftrait upon their Members, efpecially, if, in Shoeing, their Heels are left too high. Care therefore muft be taken to keep the Heels of fuch Horfes very low, by fre- quent paring them. Paftern Crowned.
The Paftern-joint is alfo fometimes Crowned, as
we fay, that is, when without being galled or hurt, there is a Swelling goes round it beneath the Skin, in form of a Circle, and about half the breadth of one's Finger. It proceeds from a Humour gathered there through much Travel, and fhews that the Horfe's Legs have been too much ufed. I fhall only add, that Horfes which have thick,
ftifF, and ftiort Joints, that is no ways plying or
flexible are unfit for the Manager: For glib arid
flexible Joints, if they be not too long, are one of
$ ' the
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"art. I. PerfeB Farrier. 31
the chief Qualities required in a fine and delicate
Horfe of Manage. Legs Arched.
The next Imperfection of the Legs is, when they are Arched, which is, when the Horfe being in his natural fituation hath his Knees bent forward, and his whole Leg frameth a kind of Arch or Bow. It proceedeth from exceffive labour, which hath cau- ied the Nerves or Back-finews to fhrink up, fo that the j^egs remain arched, and tremble beneath them when they are made to ftop, after they have been If a, • Such Horfes are not absolutely ule- • , brcaufe they may work notwithftanding of t- _ SpanJJh Horfes are for the moft part arched in
their Legs, as they are brought old from Spain, be- caufe thpy always Fetter them in the Stable. So uewife in Barbary, they never make ufe of a Hal-
q *bout the Head or Neck, in the Stable or at ™s, but Shackle their Legs, and faften them to stakes placed in the Ground. Some Horfes are foaled with arched Legs, and
are "ot much the worfe for Service. But I would not buy a Horfe with this Imperfection but at ara eaiie rate, and unlefs I were fure that his Legs were w naturally, and not occafioned by Labour or Fa- tigue. '. Having obferved the three preceding Imperfecti-
ons; viz:, whether a Horfe be ftrait upon his Mem- oers, long-j0int;ed, or have arched Legs, you muft nexj_, Pafs your Hand along the Back-finew of f£ po.'^' from tne very bendin§ of the Knee to
the Pattern-joint, and you fhall obferve if the Si- new be large, firnij an(j at a „0QC\ diftance from the ^hank-bone (the broadeft and flatted Legs being PP-t) and that there be no hardnefs to ftop your "ana, nor no moveable Jelly to flip between your fingers. There are fome Horfes, who although they nave the Back-finew of their Fore-legs fomewhat Se- parate |
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3 z The Compleat Horfernan.' cry
parate from the Bone, yet their finews are fo fmall
and fo little deeached, that with fmall Labour their Legs will become round, and are called Ox Legs. You are next to obferve if the Back-finew doth
not quite fail, as it were, juft beneath the P!y or Bending of the Knee. For although it mould not be fo big there as in the middle of the Shank; yet in fome Horfes it diminifhes fo extraordinarily, that in that place it is no bigger than one's Thumb, or is fo fixed to the Bone that it but very little appears. This much weakens the ftrength of a Leg, though few People take notice of it: and fuch Horfes are for the mod part fubject to ftumble, or at leaft to trip and ftrike with their Toes agiinftthe Stones. Wind-Galls. Upon the fides of the Pattern Joints, there come
fmall Swellings full of Water, call'd Wind-Galls, ea- fily perceived by the Eye, which fhewthat his Legs have been too much ufed, but are not prejudicial unlefs they be hard and painful, which will in a Ihort time lame the Horfe. Small Wind-Galls do often come to Horfes upon a Journey, and go away again with a little Reft. Splint,
Turning your Hand, feel along the fore-part of
the Shank-bone, from the Knee downward, to find if there be any Splint; which is a callous Excref- cence or kind of Griftle, adhering to the Shank- bone, and cometh commonly upon theinfide: But if there be one oppofite to it on the outfide,,then it is call'd zpeggd or pinn'd Splint, becaufe it doth as ic were pierce the Shank-bone, and is very dangerous. Thofefimple Splints which are only faftned to the
Bone at a pretty diftance from the Knee, and with- out touching the Back-finew, are not very dange- rous : But thofe that touch the Back-finew, make the Horfe in a fhort time to halt. |
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Every
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•Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 3 3
lfEvery Saddle-horfe which hath a Splint fhould be
j\." l than if ne wanted ic: and fo proportio-
nally if he have two. In Coach-horfes the Imper- Jection is not fo confiderable. Some deny that a splint mounts upwards, but that it only dilates and extends it felf to the very Knee. But what way oever it cometh thither, it is certain that a Splint fining to the Knee always lames the Horfe. come h -n the fame place where the SPlints
g .-le' . .at which we call Fuzies, which are two
are m Sj°\ned by the ends, one above the other, and
for_ T0re dangerous than a fimple Splint; and there-
a would never buy a Horfe which had them.
^p, 1 OJfekts.
hard ?C arC f°me Horfes which have httle Bones or
6lT~ht "^nces in the Knees, call'd in French mnn a l an Imperfection not very com- ann an , harder w be difcover'd, becaufe they
the?1" C° t of ^e fame Subftance with the reft of jCnp ee'. Ic ls a kind of large Splint juft upon the iee which defcends about the breadth of two Fin-
FhT rl °n.the inflde of the Shank-bone than on
„l0utfldLer Some Horfes have two of them, one Imn. ft Fore-leS- If a Horfe have any of thefe the T S'o"8' (excePtin§ the ample Splint,) viz. R,rV r S*"nt* the SPlwt J°yning to the Knee, or little or nW' -he M'' a"d Ae °^elet' he is worth rj*. Mattender. viceor rh,Teth in the bendinS of the Knee a Cre-
DSnf 1 P' °,alled a MaUender: It is fometimesfo
S a' l0F*** Horfe halt. Every Horfe with
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him& c *the Pain wil1 increafe foas to make
haIt at firft gomg out of the Stable. ■n , Form. You m^V,^ftfrn'J°int' and in the very Paftern,
You muft feei lf there be not thM whkh J ^^ £ |
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French
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34 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
French a Forme, which is a Swelling in the very Sub'
jftance of the Pattern, and not in the Skin. They come as well in the Hind-legs as in the Fore ■, and although it be an Imperfection not very common? 'tis dangerous, and no other Remedy but firing and taking out the Sole-, and the Fire alfo cannot be applied to that place without great difficulty and danger. There are fome Swellings and Hardnefiej which are only fix'd upon the Skin, and are not what we call Formes, but are either a Button of the Farcy, or fome other kind of Swelling not very n»' terial, being not all fix'd to the Subftance of the Pattern. Cfozvn-Scab.
The Crown-Scab is a kind of itching Scurf upon the Coronet of the Hoof. It is of two kinds, i Moift and a Dry. They make the Flair to ftare, and the Coronet to fwell. It is as troublefome an Infirmity as a Horfe can have, and they rarely re cover. Clofed behind.
I fhall next difcover unto you the Imperfections incident to the Hind-quarters. The firft is when * Horfe is too much clofed behind; that is, when the Hams are nearer to each other than the Feet, efpe' dally the Points of the Hams, called the Hocks, and the diftance enlarges ftill towards the Feet. Such Bow-legg'd Horfes are many times good; yet they have commonly a weak Hind-Hand, and in great Defcents are apt to ftrike their Hams againft one an' other. Yet it is better to have the Hams bowed inwards than outwards, which is a fign of Weak' nefs; and Amblers are more fubjecl: to it thafl others. The Ham mould be large and full, nervous and
dry; thofe which are charged with Flefh, or ground' ed, will be fubjecl to thofe Imperfections lamabou1 to. explain. Ca$r
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Part l PerfeB Farrier. 3 5
Y Capelet.
if the°reabe ^° f^"^ °> orPoi« ofthe Hock,
by thPTL (T^TuPon IC> which may be known fwelleH rhP ^e Hock beinS moveable, and more Jea tn,P , °rd'?ary- When k is fma11 k does no Painful, and make a Horfe lole his Belly. y Veffigon. whichV? -"IV0 confider ^ he have aMfOT,
b>gnef of h'i0f find-gall or Swelling, abou/the a Sa hfa" APP]e' lefs or more> compos'd of
Fiefl: anri o,P-0ngeT.Flefll' Srowin§ between th« theHoT Jl' and flCuate in the HoI1ow next to ^e cl, ;/ ^lneaih Che bi§ Sincw> a «Kle above he bendeth h^ H !? ^lnd"legs '> becaufe when
*e We J h^ai,Cdeab0Ve the Numb- 29-i"
loWcr^7„nr? ^ PLlte- Th°fe that are ^"e be difcufTed h.86?118' and in y°unS Horfes m*7
^culled by moderate Exercife. * Ther ^ar^
below the°rme/h Up°n the backfide of the Ham,
infide, a Sw fr and a llttJe inclining towards the ' makes the ]5 >rwhlch is cal,ed the Curh> which ble. 0r,e frequently to halt, and is incura- the^" thbeujna^f of the^Ham, a little diftant from
fomewhat hieh *l\ f fame heIght' there is a Bone Ham wh chis beln ^evatei and that Part of *e
Pngoft^^fe^Bonefwcllcth by a degor- doth not m!ke a Horf^,^1"1 a C** wbich
fpoils hie S hi n ° halt' buC only fometimes
"alC ^ Srowing exceffively large. Eafe
D 2 nnd
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3 6 7 he Compleat Horfe man: or^
and Reft (efpecfally if the Part be daily bathed
with Spirit of Wine) will fo reftricT: it, as to be im- perceptible for the time. Spavin.
Below the Curb and Varijfe, but more upon the infide, beneath the bendingof the Ham, do the Spa- vins come, which are marked 31. in the Figure of the firft Plate, which are very troublefom, and do commonly at laft lame the Horfe. They are of two kinds, viz. the Ox Spavin, and the Dry Spavin. The Ox Spavin is a callous and grifly Swelling, hard as a Bone, and fo painful that it makes a Horfe Jofe his Belly. Some horfes halt with them at the firft coming out of the Stable only, when the Spavini are but young: And I have feen Horfes with large and fmall Ox Spavins, which yet did not lofe their Flanks with them, but rotted very equally, and were fold at the fame Rates as if they had wanted thefe Spavins, becaufe no body obfe'rved them ;. fof when they were handled they felt as hard as the Bone. Many half-skill'd People fay, that fuel Swellings are not Spavins, but the real Bones of the Legs, which grow bigger in fome Horfes than in c thers. When Ox Spavins do firft feize uponHorfeS they are the more difficult to be obferved, becaufe they do not rife much above the Subftance of thl Legs -, but yet at their firft piercing they commonly make a Horfe halt, and afterwards the Swelling growing bigger, the Horfe halts no more with it: But fince they rarely come equally in both the HamSi the one Ham is eafily perceived to be bigger thai1 the other, which you may better difcern, placing you' felf before the Horfe, a little towards one or th* Shoulders, than if you were juft behind him: Fo' a Spavin in its infancy is larger towards the Ply an^ Bending of the Ham, than behind its and by d^ grees it will fo encreafe, that it will at laft: qui' lame the Horfe* Th{
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lartl. PerfeB Farrier. ->y
rp- f,fecond kind is the Dry Spavin which is per-
ceived by the moft unfkilful: For when a Horfe in vaiang raifes with a Twitch one of his Hind-legs Jgher than the other, he is then faid to have this h 7 °* Spavin, and will have it many times in d«tn Hind-legs. Horfes that have this Infirmity thpnfiCalways twitcn UP their Legs, but only when -reC r °me °Ut °f the Stable, bef0re thdr LegS
into (> - W'th waikinS- They ofcen degenerate
plvtl XJ}fav'tns* and there is no Remedy but to ap- le * ire, and even that does not always cure 'em. Tf Jardon. Aon UP?" the outfide of the Ham» beIow ^e Vef.
ino- al rf bea Swelling as hard as a %z°z/z7z, mount- colneth"0- aS h'g!1 aS the part where the Fef'iPn
more rr! u '!• call'd a 7ardo»-> and is as much or rnmL , eared than the Spavin. It is not very common, therefore few People know it, altho' it
h,, as P:l'nful as the Spavin, and makes a Horfe to
ait i here is no Remedy but firing, which does not always fucceed. It is marked 32 in thePlate. Sc, P°n ■ • F°re-finew of the Leg, between the J^.ontheinfide, and the ^without, there viro^Wifrx?ClrcI?which J°ineth them' and in-
*^X^.Inftep'the Horfe is fpoik
t , Selender.
QhovLn^ly of the Ham' there are Sometimes
theFn3 1 eviceswhich refemble tteMallender in
mer ore-legs and are ca]led the sdendeK the S1 ^ r to obferve if the P^ or Bending of
Accid m Ued> unlefs k Proceed from f°ms
led wf' iM Caft^nS wich tbe Halter, being intang-
whicr?rthe,Crofi han8in§ Bar' or fuch like; in and 7*w l ,re Is not much to be feared- sPav™ ble ti ' When they are hereditary, are incura- than in i? u'e m01'e t0 be feared in y°unS Horfes
m OJd, becaufe in young Horfes, Exercife and B 3 Labour
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3 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Labour makes them increafe; but in thofe which
are paft feven or eight Years, when the Spavin is not very targe, and provided they do not mean or halt with it, and have alfo a good Body and full Flank •, in thefe, I fay, it is not fo much to be fear- ed as in young-, however in either it at laft ipoils and ruins the Horfe. I come now to fpeak of the Infirmities of the
Hind-legs, from the Ham downwards. Rats-Tails. There come upon the Back-finews Rats-Tails;
they are known by the part being without Hair, from two or three Fingers breadth Oelow the Ham to the very Paftenvjoini, and are fometimes dry, and fometimes moift, but always accompanied with Crufts and hard Callofities, more elevate than the reft of the Leg. When they are moift they fend forth a flurp Flumour. There are fome Horfes which have them only in their Fore-legs, but this is very rare. Coach-Horfes of a large fize, who have their
Legs charged with Flelh, Hair, and full of bad Hu- mours, are moft fubject to this and the follow- ing Infirmities, which feldom happen to Horfes of a middle-fize. There are a kind of Warts or Leek-heads, which
come about the Patterns and Pafternjoints. They Are higher than the Skin about half the thicknefs o'i ones Finger, throw out filthy {linking Stuff, fpoil the Leg, and are very troublefome to cure. Thofe which come in the Patterns are hid beneath the long Hair of the Fetlocks, and are fome of them fo very malign, that they make the Hair fall all around them, and they themfelves grow up like Wallnutts. There are others again more flat, and not fo much raifed above the Skin, but are more dangerous than thofe which are biggeft and moft elevate; they are cafily difcovered, being a great many mattering kind |
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Part I. perfeg farrfo, ^
%x ■ •"* touching one another, and are without
™-: ihey5 for the moft part, fend forth Matter,
ut may ^ dried up for a Seafon.
Th Figs-
of Wfe C°me fometimes in the Soles matteringkind
in a ts' or rather Ftgs upon the Fruih, and are
urnn^fnner detached from it, and appear diftin&ly
1 ?lddbfthe Frulh towards the Heel, and
mmonly exceed the ordinary height of theFrufh.
Frufh \ uneS they Srow uP°n the fid" of the
thev 3'r r^th the Sole of che Foot: and when they r ?n l'derably raifed above the Frufli fo that
then rr , Ground as the Horfe is riding, they A 1U m t0 halt-
of FI m%know when a Horfe hath been cured
reft Tkho'?, e«hat, F°OC wiH be lar§er th«» the goodtervice " H°rfe be We" reCOVer'd and render Kib'd-Heels,
^raverfe-Muks orlQb'd-Heels^rt Chops and Clefts where "n'°Un,d the>ck Parts of ^ Paftern-joints thanch yiVnd bend- Thisis more painful ^ ridi7 Pre^edlnS' becaufe thefe Chinks, as a Horfe painfu S' J?Ut Tand °pen' which makes them very from buv; S T!Tnhrrmlcy mould not hinder a Man fwelled,ybne?"rH°rfe' lfthe Legs benot gorged and fome difficS; h y mrY ^ 1"ed "P' th°' wich
the Pattern joi 7 °n ° niotion made by -Th* W ^i Waters.
irrupt Humtf are fubJe6t t0 a whke' *"?. and
* th?Fore7e« °r f4""' whi°h C°me VeT rarely
Pattern, if S c ^ are known bY Aching the whichilZ2l?<?T°^ beneatVhe ^
the Pattern a'?« nftlnk,nS' and groweth a11 round
«p t^^^zr^*0™*™*almoft
ft«ns tofwellyiT u They manytimescaufe the Pa-
S t0lwe11' keeP theLegs ftiff, make theHorfe lean % D 4 and
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40 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
and feparate the Fleih from the Coronet near to the
Heels. They are eafily ftopt at firft: but when they have continued a long time, People are de- ceived when they think to difcufs them, though they may be dried up for a certain time, but they return again. However I would not fcruple to buy a young
Horfe with fome of thefe Humours or Waters in his Patterns, provided his Hams be dry, and that his Legs be not gorged. And although he have much Hair on his Legs, if they be broad, nervous, and difcharged of Fleih, he will not be fubject to thefe Infirmities, provided they be kept clean. But if his Legs be charged with Fleih, or have a full andflefhy Ham, you ihall never find any fatisfa£Hon in him. If you undertake the Cure of thefe Infirmities in Winter and cold Weather, they will give you a great deal of trouble: But in Summer-time the White Charge in the fecond Part of this Book will pro- duce fuch Effects as you dare hardly wiih. for. See the fecond tPart. You are alfo to obferve if his Paftern-joints are
not fwelled or have Crown Scabs; and if when he is ftanding ftill his Paftern-joint be not lodged more to one fide than the other; or if it bend too much forwards; or if he carry it fo low that it mifhapeth his Leg. Now fome Horfes have this Weaknefs in their Hind-Legs, when they have it not in their Fore. Obferve alfo if he hath a Wind-gall that hath a'
ny coherence with the Nerves, it being one of the greateit Infirmities a Horfe can have, ah ways laming the Horfe, and there is no Remedy but Firing, Laftly^ you fhall confider if the Horfe tread only
upon his Hind-toes, which you may know by tb^ Shoe being worn in that part: The Back-finew o» the Leg fhrinks up, and the older he grows, it will b^ ftill
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Part I. Perfeft Fa mer. 41
ftill the worfe. Bat this may be remedied by me-
thodical Shoeing when the Horfe is young. |
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CHAP. VIII.
How to know a Horfe1 s Feet.
TH E Foot being a part of the Body which fiif-
fers moft: If a Horfe have but one bad Foot, e is fit for nothing but the Plow, or fuch Countries *hichare free of Scones. A Man muft know Horfes very well to be able
0 judge exactly of fome forts of Feet. For fome
Will appear to be weak which are really good, and ^e little Horn they have is tough, folid, and capa-
. to )erve: Others again appear good, which are Pained for being too' fat and full of Flefli: The weft way then is to take them of a good fhape, and if they prove good, they may be eafily kept fo: °[ if bad, may be recovered by the right method of toeing. Let us begin with the Hoof, which fhould be of a
orm very near round; and not longifh, efpecially
Awards the Heel, for long Feet are worth nothing :
1 he Horn fhould be tough and folid, high, fmooth,
21 a dark Colour, and without any Circles. Brittle Woofs may De known by many pieces being broken rrom the Horn round his Foot. A man may alfo know a bud Hoof by lifting up the Foot, and con- iidenng if it have a Shoe forged exprefly for it, k 1 jb-C pierGe<J extraordinarily, and the holes of placed in fuch parts where it is not ufual, feeing
fte had not Horn enough to take hold by in thofe parts where commonly the Nails are driven. So Nails are never driven near to the Heels of the Fore-feet, out when the Toe is fo much folic and broke that they can place none in it. If
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42. The Compleat Horfeman: or,
If the Foot ber circled, altho' it do not make a
Horfeto halt or mean his Foot, yet it is a fign that the Hoof is altered, or the Horn nought; therefore other Circumftances muft be confidered ; as firft, if the Horn be Fnick, becaufe Horfes with a thin Horn are faid to have fat Feet, andcannotbe known but by feeing the Foot pared. Such thin-hoof'd Horfes halt and mean their Feet a long time after they are fhoed, before they recover ftrength in them, fo that a Man is neceffiated to let them reft fome Days after they are mod, before he can make ufe of them. To know when Feet are fat, is one of the moft
difficult things ia the Knowledge of Horfes, their fhape being as beautiful as that of another Foot, and the Horn maketh the beft Appearance in the World, only that the Hoof is fomewhat larger than the fize of the Horfe will allow of. You are alfo to confider if the Horfe have not a
kind of Clift in his Foot called a Falfe Quarter, which is occafioned by the Horfe's calling his Quarter and getting a new one; for then the Horn beginning to grow, is uneven and ugly, and bigger and fofter than the reft of the Hoof. If the clift be confi- derable, and take up a quarter part of the Floof, it ftiould keep a Man from buying the Horfe. There are Horfes which have Over-reaches or
Calking-treads upon the Coronet, which become hollowand grooved in curing, butthenthehoilow of the tread defcends proportionably as the Hoof grows, and is vifible upon it: It doth little or no prejudice to the Horfe if there remain no fwelling upon the Coronet. There are fome Clifts very dangerous ; for when
Farriers have fometimes fired the Coronet, and burnt down a little upon the top of the Horn, it caufes a clift or groove along the Hoof, which renders it ngly and hard as long as the Hoof lafts, and com- monly |
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 43
nionly ftraitens and dries up the Hoof in that part.
However, it is not at all dangerous to apply Rays °' fire upon the Hoof, provided you do not burn the Coronet; nay, it is very profitable upon many occafions to perform it; for Example, when a Heel or Quarter is fo ftraitned, that it preffes the little root or_Coffin-Bone, a Man may in that Cafe, in- itead of grooving the Hoof with a Drawing-Iron, aPply the Rays of Fire after the manner I have tangly you m tjle seconci part. Therefore when "eople ice a Foot thus fired, they fhould not be u1UCh Jartlcd at it, but only conclude that it hath ,een k^itned, and that thofe Rays of Fire have Deen applied to inlarge it. iou nmft now lift up the Foot, the Heel of which
hould be pretty high, broad, large, and open, that
is, wicnout being Hoof-bound, which is to have it
too narrow and ftraighc You fhall alfoconfider if the
*rog or Frufh be proportionable to the Foot,
arf f !Lbe not t0° litcle and dry, nor too large
na fat. Thofe which, are little, and too much
ried up, fall to the {],are of Hoof.bound or Nar-
ow-teel'd Horfes, becaufe the Heels becoming
ltrait, hinder the Frufh from being nourifhed as it
°ught. When the Frufh is too large and fat, it is
'o^er than the Sole at the Heels,""and is always a
token ofavery bad Foot.
1 he moi|. pa]t o|: j.jorres which have low Heels,
£ave arge and fat Frufhes, fo that they cannot walk 71- ul l?aQh the G^und, and fometimes halt, Which fhould be well confider'd, becaufe moft Peo- Pie who underftand Shoeing, take down their I e t! i t0 Preferve the Back-finews of their cfowS: 1 gnorant feeing a Heel cut and taken u " 'n that fafliion, boldly pronounce that a
S^rkt n nne'' but in thac Cafe you are to ob-
JhV h r ' Wh'ch beinS but of a middle fize,
e "one can fcarcely be too low heel'd. You may
know
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44 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
know by the Circumference of the Hoof, if the
Heels are low, 'after a very little Experience. You fhall in the next place, keeping the Horfe's
Foot ftill up, confider if the Sole be ftrong, and the whole Foot hollow, and at a pretty diftance from the Shoe, whereas fome Feet are fhaped like the back part of an Oyfter-fhell, and the Sole is higher than the Hoof, fothat the whole Foot is quite fill'd upon the lower part, they are then called Crowned- Soles; and altho' fuch Feet have for the moft part their Heels low, yet are they ftraitned and narrow towards the Shoe, and become in a little time abfo- Jucely ufelefs, unlefs it be for the Plow. Not but that by methodical Shoeing, care and time, fuch Crowned-Soles may in fome meafure be rectified, if the Heels be only ftraitned near the Shoe, and have not their Frumes over large, and their Heels too low: For thefe laft there is no poffibility to re- cover them. There are other kind of Feet which People call
Weak, becaufe altho' their Heels be indifferent high, yet they are but thin, that is, that at the point of theFrufh, betwixt it and the upper part of the Hoof, they have but a fmall thicknefs; and altho' they have the inward part of the Foot, that is, the Sole hollow, yet they have lb little ftrength in their Feet that they eafily halt, and arealfo fubjedb to heat their Feet upon hard ways, the pain whereof maketh them lame. Thefe kind of Horfes are very often upon their Litter, that is, People are obliged to let them ftand foft, and give them but very moderate Labour. Hoof-binding is known, when the Heels do not
take a right tour or compafs, but ftraiten towards the clift of the Frufh, fo that upon each fide of the faid clift, there is not above a Finger-breadth of di- ftance, and that the whole Heel is little more than two Fingers broad. "Whereas a Horfe fhould always 3 have |
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Part. I. PerfeB Farrier, 45
have about four at the Heel, little more or lefs ac-
cording to the fize and bignefs of the Foot. There are Narrow-heel'd Horfes which have
high Heels, but fo weak, that by preffing the two fides of the Heel one againft the other, they yield and move, which is a token of tendernefs in the root; and altho' the Horfe were not Hoof-bound, yet luch yielding Heels are always weak. Some narrow-heel'd Horfes have not high Heels,
rC, on tne contrary very low; but then that part h <f ^°°/"next to the Heel, and which refts upon Shoe, is much more ftraitned than that which is next to the Coronet, and it is that which Hoof- bjndeth a Horfe: Now for thefe laft, the Panton, or tamable Shoes have a very good Effeft. here are Horfes which have the back-part of their
\ u ,nCXC to the Heels, as if they were pointed, and by that means have their Feet too long, becaufe they exceed the ordinary roundnefs, and extend too much backward: Commonly fuch Horfes have very bad Feet, and are for the moft part Hoof- Befides this Fault in fmall fized Horfes of being
"oof-bound, they are alfo fubjecl: to have one of ^e hdes of their Heels higher by an Inch than tne other. This is a fault, tho> not fo bad as Hoof- Dinding, becaufe Hoof-binding doth for the moft part make a Horfe to halt, and is alfo a fign of great drinefs in the Foot; whereas this proceeds partly from the drinefs of the Foot j and fometimes irom bad Shoeing: And the Method to prevent it, is to ihoe and pare the Feet every Month, that fo you may keep them from taking thac bad fhape. small fized Horfes with narrow Heels, which never "Ta,their Feet in wet Ground, are moft fubjecl: to this Infirmity. Hoof-bound Horfes are alfo fubjecl: to haveS<??««
or Uitts m their Quarters} the drinefs of the Foot |
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15
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46 The Compleat Horfeman: cr,
is the internal eaufe of both. The external caufe
the Horfe's riding upon hard Ground. Ic is eafily perceived by their not fetting their Feet firm upon the Ground in walking. Hoofs round and fplid are leldom troubled with them. They are known by looking to the Quarters of
the Hoofs upon the in fide, which will be cloven From the Coronet to the very Shoe, quite through the Horn, and fuch Quarters are commonly ftraitned; Some of thefe Clifts do not afcend fo high as the Coronet, and are therefore lefs dangerous; and altho' they may be recovered,, yet it is an Imper- fection, efpecialiy in fat Feet, which have a thin Horn, where oft-times fuch Clifts occafion fcratches upon the Coronet. Horfes that have the Seymes cannot work but in very foft Ground ; for upon the Street, or hard Ground, the Blood frequently comes out of the Clefts. Cloven Quarters are al- ways a token of a dried Foot and bad temperature. Sometimes the Horn of the Hind-Feet cleaveth juft in the very middle of the fore-part of the Hoof from the Coronet to the Shoe ; they are called Ox- feet : They are not common, but very troublefome and oft-times make a Horfe halt. There is another Imperfection called in French
Crapaudine or Tread upon the Coronet, and is a kind of Ulcer upon the Coronet, from whence there iffueth a filthy Matter, which by its fharpnefs drieth up the Horn beneath the part where "the Tread is made, in which there is made a kind of hollow or groove down to the very Shoe, and it would feem that the Horn fhrinks in that part by reafon of that Humour, which inftead of moiftning it as it ought, changeth its Nature by the corruption it receiveth from the wound made by this Tread. It is a great Imperfection to have Feet too large
or fat, or to have them too little. Such Horfes as have them too large, are for the moft part very heavy,
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A
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"art I. PerfeB Farrier. 47
heavy, and apt to (tumble, efpecially if with fuch
*"eet they have weak Legs, and too long Patterns. And on the other Hand too fmall Feet, are much to °e fufpedted, becaufe they are frequently painful, and fubjedt to cloven Quarters, and other Imper- fections. In foundred Feet, the Hoof oft times, towards
the middle of the Foot, is ftirunk and fallen in, hath many Circles quite round the Foot, and ap- pears altogether altered and dry, with the Heels J» circled. Such Feet become ftill worfe, and the ttorfe always fets his Heels firft to the Ground ^her, he trots. Thefe bad kinds and lhapes of Feet "lould be reje&ed. |
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CHAP. IX.
Htm to know if a Horfe be well bodied, or ham
a good Belly. HAving narrowly examined the Feet you mutt
next confider if he have a good Body, and be tullm the Flank. S If the laft of the fhort Ribs be a confiderable <&•
ma f fr°m the Haunch-b°ne, altho' fuch Horfes
th J L°r tiie time have Pre"y good Bodies, yet if
£e5! °e much laboured, they will lofe them, and
AUCproPerly ^e Horfes which have no Flank.
t A ™rfe hath alfo no Flank, when his Ribs are
°? ^a/Cne^ in their compafs, which is eafily per-
H^6 1,1 COniparing their height with that of the
^aunch-bones, for t|iey 0Ugnt Co be as high and
■R^rte-aS- m' or but a very little lefs, when the
«orfe ls ln good cafe J him f ^0:^ be "arrow chefted, it net only hinders
BP73J?m havinS a S°od Body, but his Wind and wcacning Wlj] never be very free, by reafon of the laft
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48 The Comphat Horfeman: or,
laft or hindmoft Ribs compreffing too much the in'
ward Parts. If fuch Horfes as have their Ribs ftrait be great
. & ft
Feeders, then their Bellies will be gulphed up, ^
that it not being poffible for the Entrails to be con' tained within the Ribs, they will prefs downwards* and make the fhape of a Cow's Belly, which is very unbecoming. Befides that thofe Horfes that ar^ ftrait Rib'd are very difficult to faddle, for they mu" have Saddles made exprefly for them ; they havfi no "Wind, and are fubjeft to the Cough. But they have generally a good Chine or Back. If a Horfe's not having a good Belly proceed
from leanuefs, he may be recovered by Reft and Eafe, with the afliftance of cooling and moift noil' rifhment, efpecially if his Ribs have a good corn' pafs; and ii they have not, yet if he eat heartily his Hay and Oats, ^nd drink well, he may prove a* good as any for the Saddle, but I would not med' die with him for a Coach. Horfes with ftrait Rib3 have generally good Backs, and alcho' theirCroup5 are not fo beautiful, being for the moft part poincedi yet to fupply that they have excellent Reins. They are commonly called Sow-backs. It is an infallible Maxim, that a Man ftiould n£'
ver buy a Horfe which is both light bodied arA fiery, becaufe fuch Horfes deftroy themfelves in afj inftant. Many People do ignorantly confound Firynefs with Vigour or High-mettle; whereas trtfs Mettle doth not confift in fretting, trampling, dan' cing, and not fuffering any Horfe to go before thettf> but in being very fenfible of the Spurs. Not bu1 that fiery Horfes are many times very high mettl'4' but their Fault is in being fo, with this fretful D^' pofition. Horfes which have any great pain in their Hin"'
Quarters, are commonly light-bellied. Therefo^ when you are fhown a Horfe that is light-bellied loo*
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Part I. perfeB farrier. 49
You uTliaidy t0 his Hams> and in al] Probability
Nork f there Spavins, Jar dons, or Capelets: have n c f1"6 f°me J'S^-bodied Horfes which the? c °f thefe infirmities in their Hams, but
are lj Tbr ^^ ^^ thefe Infirmicies buc what Painful Scratches in the Hind-Legs will fometimes derC away a Horfe's Belly, but they fliould nothin- cured°U Y°m- buyinS> becaufe they maY be ea%
back S' f"the Scrarcnes are fituate upon the Paftern"6^ Mhe Leg' a preUy way above the
Von K i^0101'' a'rho' People may endeavour to make aren fVhey are nothing, l muft tell you they
Horf ° i!C m°ft tr0ublefome external Maladies a thenarCan • ue' * have known Horfes to have Lam- k C1§ ' and ten Months, others to become them y em' and fome at laft have died of |
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leA ,in Cafe cannot be made plump un-,
like 1 eaCfmuch Hay> which will make his Belly
diPr1 • f 0t a Cow Wlth Calf, which may be reme- with T a Surcingle about aFoot and a half broad, to th c Cumions to it, which may anfwer Bone t0p r Ribs "P°n each fide of the Back-
the St t0Preferve the Back from being galled with Belly !"§le- And by this means a big or low diminifh Pafs towards the Cr°up, a"d infenfibly |
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CHAP. X.
How to know nvhen a Horfe's Flanks are altered
and out of Order. TFroanS°rferh?V\a Flank f"" enough, you are to
Over aS ^ haVe '* not too la^ge, that is, if over-againft that part of the Thigh called theStiffle, E (marked
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jo The Compleat Horfeman : ory
(marked 27 in the Figure) the Flank fall too lov^
for if fo, it is a great advance to Purfinefs, efpeciai' ly if the Horfe be not very young. If he make a String or Cord in breathing, W-l
attracting the Skin of his Belly where the Ribs fail? making as it were a Channel or Groove all along them, then it is a token that his Flank beginneth t° alter, or at leaft a certain fign that his Body is over- heated, that he hath been fick, or will in a fhort time become fo. This Cord or hollow along the Ribs does many times appear in vigorous Horfes» which have been undifcreetly pufh'd on or over-rid» and then it is not a fign of actual Purfinefs, bu{ only that in a fhort time it may become fo. When a Horfe is far gone with this Diftempeft
it is eafily known* yet at the beginning of it a Mart may readily be deceived. Therefore that you maj! not be impofed upon, you are firft to confidet h1* Age, becaufe young Horfes are very rarely Purff' You muft next obferve, if his Flank be not fwal' low'd up, or fall'n too low. But to be more ce? tain, you muft prefs his Wind-pipe near the onft of the Head, that fo you may make him coug*1 and then take notice to the Sound of it -, if it be dff it is naught, and if it be dry and often reiterate it is yet worfe ; if it be moift there is not fo mucj1 hazard: But if he Farts as he Coughs, then it is a}' moft always a fign of Purfinefs. The fureft way '' to view him in the Stable, immediately after he hat'1 drunk, or when he is eating his Oats, for aff* galloping or travelling, or when he hath not dran-/ for a pretty while, a Man cannot fo veil judge °t him; nor when he is at Soil or Grafs, which alth0 it be thought to recover fome Horfes while they af at it, yet is quite contrary: For as foon as ever thw are taken up, and put to Hay and Oats again, ths' tSfill be worfe than ever. 5 *£q4
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J
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art *• PerfeB Farrier. 51
re<&,mUft e*a6tly obferve if the Horfe's Flanks
breathvf aS '1G is breathinS' which is when having it H anC* drawn UP his Flank to him, he letteth tim °Wn °n a fudden5 and maketh at the very fame
ti0 and wich the fame breath, a redoubled mo- th "f aS ^e brear-hed a fecond time with one and tio ?ie breath- You muft alfo observe if the mo- ji not his Flanks appeareth at the upper part of his tered h ' Whi°h 'S a fig" that h'S Flanks are al"
mat * i?"c Ayec a sreat deal more if tlleybeat and
BaH K Motion at the very top, and juft by his
tjj:t 7*?? °r t0° low and over-againft the flat thi TYfl. ThiShs- If the Horfe be far gone with to rh lenuper' his LunS.s wil1 bedried upaad cleave
vle ^ibs, and there is no cure. rial; CCr l°r are certain that the Horfe's Flank is
gnc and found, you are to obferve if he be not a oeezer or Blower, which is quite different from Pur- anv a c thlS WheezinS does not proceed from of fk b m thC LungS' buC from the narrownefs, of*k \t raffaSes between the Bones and Griftles for nu k; And thefe Horfes do not want Wind, eXPr ?°4Ugh thev blow fo exceffively when they are and in u 7et thdr Flanks wil1 be but httle moved, ever V ■ e Condition as they fhould be. How- who for t dlfPleafing to the generality of People; Ther m°ft parC take them to be Purfy-
Winded6 X* <?tlier Horl"es again which are thick- more freetK1 ^ Wh° haVC their breathinS a ^ctle the other Che former' but neither the one nor Yet a M arC agreeable' or for any great Service.
Horff. h fk u1^ be miftaken in it; for when a without exerdl? J^*-* l0n§ dme in the Stabk
Wind 1ft , u' he wil1 ac firft ridinS be °nt of1 winded. be ncither a Blower nor thick"
anrl tnvu are e ^heezers or Blowers which rattle
maKe a °Oife through their Nofe; but this im-
E. 2 pediment
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Part I. Perfect Farrier.
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53
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CHAR XL
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°WLin]T WhfnA H°rJ'e h ri%kt Phnted ™ &
mbs> and tf he walks or treads well, ^^nZl\tl^^\ °bferve him as ^ -
°r wronp faZi p ^ h?Cmk uPon ths right eS[ualIy uDobn ? t Ure dePends- He mould ftand
the other In T' and not one advanced before rnS the ToeA , advances one ofhis Hind-legs, let- ^ Bu if he y,t0t°UCh thG Gr0und' ^ is no bad °n,7 Point Vto1henrS °ne,°f his Fore-le§s' and
?" he is paine°d •tnhe. Ground, ,c would be a figr, % as thePre a-eM1^^ There be fome H?r-
Sves right uDonrPi Can never Planr them-
V* advanL nn, f :^S l™d * have feen feveral
°ther> who E n ?fn;Fore-legs more than the J?ove th b f''bteP- His Legs mould be wider
hlS Fe« Zulc be uftX ISuthe Diftance between at that Part „exr ro It S™ u^* his Fore-thighs, n0t be^o cloS ^ 1 f? °U dfS; The K"ees ftould {? a ftrait *'^ thewhoeLegl]Wu,d defcend Fe« fhoul I rt0 th,e Very Pafern-joint, and the
As forth-5- neither out nor in.
?°t be too cl0fend"^ld'r hjsJa™ or Hamsmould
H°ck and pafte' -Ihe ^p which is betwixt the ? ^ Ground If-ff> fhpulaftand perpendicular he fixation of ir nd f°rward under his Belly, ls Hind-fo L c-'S0badi °rifhe tiirilthe Toes of
^r the Coach becS5?^' efpecially if de%"ed Punches, he'cannorJ nant of ftrength « his ;Onfiderab!e edCefcent T^ ^ back V" a^ *lth your Hand. " d if h^ uPUt hi™ ba<*
' and ir ingoing back, the Toes; |
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3 of
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PartI- Perfect Farrier. 5$
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CHAR XL
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&
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[CWuLT Whf-A Horfe h ri%ht Planted °* &
mbs> and ^ he walks or treads well.
BferJrK hr,Talk' °bferve him a^ is
°r wrot\&2t Sftabkxl b,eCaufe uP°n the riSht g0i"ginatS g °/aJHorfe' ^ good or bad ^% UD0bn r Ure dePends- He mould ftand the other in f' and not one advanced before ting the To, i advances one ofhis Hind-legs, let- fl§»: Buf J ftto tou* the Ground, it is no bad °n'y P^nt it to the"?8 °ne °f> Fore-legs, and
that he is naineH • , Cjround5 it would be a fign h as thePr "a-" M^^- There be fame Hol fc right upon their\^ ^T ^7^; ^Prfes advance one nfS? p , have feenfeveral 0CK who hS - ^fn;Fore-legs more than the IT* maSe falfe S " H- tlr £e§S ^°°d' and
?bove than belovv HP" H'S Le§s fhou]d be wider hlS Fe« ftould !lwC Vhe Difta»ce between att^part„Pi^ ^.^ his Fore-thighS, n°t be £o S ^ Che 5h«^enc The Knees mould
"? a ftrait ■; ' buCLthe whole Leg mould defcend Fe« mould b' 1° th? Vtrl Paftern-joint, and the As forth*2- J neitller °ut nor in-
??t be too clofc rTid'T ^sJarrfCs or Hams mould H°ck and Paft " • ■ J p whlch is bet™ the ? ^e Ground: fff' f1™1^11^ perpendicular ??e Nation of it i ua1d forwai-d under his Belly, hls Hind-feet much m 5 °r if he Uirn the Toes of inches, he'eanno lf°r F°* of length in his
c°nfiderab!e dj™ f°Twd] keep back "upon any Wlth your Handed iJf°*& ^ h[m ba*
5 and it ingoing back, the Toes
E 3 of
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5 4 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
of his Hind-feet turn outward, he will be for n'
great Service, and the more he turns them oufo the more reafon you will have to conclude he is* bad Horfe, whatever other Qualifications he maf have. Having thus obferved him ftanding, let him b5
trotted along the Street in one's Hand, and take no' tice if the lifting up, keeping up, and fetting doW of his Legs be fuch as I am going to dcfcribe; a5 alio if he keep his Reins ftrait and equal withorf rocking or fwinging •, his Head high, well placed and firm ; for if he halt he will mark every time tf his Trot with a motion of his Head. Then caufe fome body to ride him a foot-pacf
wherein you are to take notice if he have the Raifii or lifting up of his Leg, the Stay, or keeping of([ up, and the Tread or fetting of it down, all good. The Raifing will be good if he perform it hardilf
and with eafe, not croffing his Legs, nor carryiflf his Feet too much out or in, and that he alfo betii his Knees as much as is needful. The Stay is good when he keeps them up fo lofll
as he ought, his Head and Body remaining in ' good Pofture, and if he do not fet down one h4 fuddenly to give eafe to another Leg which is we^ or pained. The Tread is good if it be firm, and without ref'
ing upon one fide of the Foot more than upon tw other, or fetting down the Toe or Heel one before dj other: If he fet his Heels firft to ground, then is a fign that he is founder'd in the Feet 5 but if ^ fhall fet his Toes firft to ground, then will it be Token that he hath been a Draught-Horfe: T& whole Foot therefore mould be fet down equallfj and at the fame inftant of time, and turned neith* out nor in. Some Florfes, although they have the Raifing, Sta
and Tread of the Foot very good, yet they hav^ |
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Part I. perfe5i Fankr
bad Wnlk *i r • - J *
tornnrJ ■therefore ]t is not altogether enough
but " lder "2 a Walk thefe three A&™* ^the Le°g,
<&£ a?dft4s;bferve if he walk z«'**5.
onTrt Waik ^ty, is to advance confiderably up-
Tudff i ep: Now every one is a competent lw ,, t0, • now wh«her he Heps quickly or flow- qF upon Ins Walk, and therefore I fhall fay no more is \°P ™alkZf^% is to be 1!ght on *e Hand; that
but he °i tprefs or reft too much upon the Bit, hiah a™ys champing upon it, keep his Head
*A h r movc ^uickly his Shoulders,
if his F TiU Walk fyfly if he be united 5 that is, one wu°r , ndand Hind are, as they were, both were bi <J wajjjs,/and if they both make, as it whofe Fnrp°ne ot'on- There are fome Horfes walking LT*n?Sg° riSht' but thejr Croup, when arS'r gS ^ fide to fide, which is called of he' H f - d When fuch a Horfe tl0ts' one
the Beim "J i°" CS Wil1 fal1 and the other rife, like not fP\ a.Ballance; which is a fign that he will )-oe very vigorous. "wtySh -W* ile muft lift up his Less indiffe-
^il bVcS; k w'n n0t bend them enough he
Stones and P. J* S' aad aPc to ftrike uPon the
Riding is fn U, Jhls coId way of walking or hath his T th/ ftl0ft Part a Token that the Horfe
cold WalkSKrP° ; aIthough many Colts have a
over to walk t , evc/T thr%b& wrou8ht- More-
good and firS a Horfe flK)uld have his 7W
bJe, but ride fe he may n0t be fubje6t to ftum,
FSnd^Jtow^6?16 « t0 Admired, who
Pff2.the Trdof\?tereSrS WCl]' ifh\°Vel-
his Hind «,k;,^ ;„ ^ore-foot very much with ^ould be^o J a r? ridicuI°^ Miftake, and
be joined w.th that of paffing the Hand E 4 before
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j 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
before a Horfe's Eyes, to know if he have a goo"
Sight. Moft Horfes which thus overpafs, if they do ''
confiderably, fwing their Croup from one fide t° t'other and rock, which is contrary to what ^c required in a good Walk. Befidesfuch Horfes coR1' monly Forge; that is, with the Shoes of their Hin<*' feet they overtake thofe of their Fore and fo pu' them off upon the Road ; neither have they an? Reins or Mettle. I don't deny but fuch a Hoi'# may walk fwiftly, but he will rarely have goo^ Reins; neither can he go eafily, becaufe he hat'1 not a quick, but long and ftretched Step all upo11 his Shoulders, which will make him more fubjeci: t" flumbling, becaufe he is not fupported by h's Reins. This Obfervation of a Horfe's overpaying wit'1
his Hind-foot the Tread of his Fore, is as good a Re' mark for his Ambling well, as it is bad for his Wall4' ing well: For it is certain a Horfe can never amb'^ upon his Haunches, nor go well, if he do not witjj his Hind-feet overpafs the Treads of his Fore, atle^ a Foot, or a Foot and a half; and the more he °' verpaffes the better will he amble. There are fome Horfes, who although they ha^{j
too long Haunches, yet commonly walk well. Su^ Horfes are good to climb up Hills; but to ballanCc that, they are no ways fure upon a defcent; f°f they cannot ply their Hams, and they never gallcf flowly, but almoft at full fpeed. The Haunches are too long, if when the Horfe|S
Handing in the Stable, he camps with his Hind-fte' farther back than he ought, and that the top or o& fet of his Tail doth not anfwer in a perpendiculf Line with the tip of his Hocks, as it always does '" Horfes, whofe Haunches are of a juft length, £HA1
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier.
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57
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CHAP. XII.
Hew to how ifaHorfes Mouth be good.
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^efl t05JxTe a S°od Mouth ftould have a
^d thick ?n C,CJk' andifitbefomewhat large Reins &A°uld„b^t ^ Wdl turned> his peet likewil nTdnWe1/ ^^ and his Le8s ^d but he will • If,he,h;1Ve aU thefe HShr' nodoubt g^d Mo t ry.r1?," bTe bz accident>a v«y
and that Z \ ,/ hlS >w'bones be tooclofe,
that he cannn'If alf°, a fnorr and thick Neck, fo
6°°dMoVh Jf? Sftad ri§hr' his having a cannot make SofT PUrp°fe' ^^ >°U Having felt his Jaw-bone. ♦« i -r i
Efficiently fep-xratH ™ ' know lfthe^ ar?
M°uth nreE I 't, Put y0Lir Finger into his if)'oanPdtnng-h'S1B"r Prett>' hardlwith it, and Barr is fenfiblf ^h hlm' ic is a token thS the is good • hnw ' M confeq«ently that his Mouth Wouhi render 71°° 8TreaC a de§ree ofSenObility Iftheni; l ad' /S l flla11 «^w you. *
infer byit thrrhIreSe(?u[brefts behurt' y°u™y
refts too m hfthe Hoyfe has either a bad Mouth,
the RiderTJ T" ?'*** Ravelling, or that made: But in , a • ai"d £Iand' or the Curb is ill conclude the « T"g a ?01'fe a Man *ould always Place where ,h°™ aSainft him, and believe that the by his havjnatL- l^J^l hach been hurt, either ?r*yhis Mluth?, n^u" P,'fu!:e uP°n £h« Curb, If fhe Barr have r l S fo fenflb!e as it ought. "P' ic is almoft n , ,Urt' although it be healed Mouth C^ *L%°* to be fufpecled as a bad
ml1 BCVtfJ v tW SSCarrWhfe dae Wound was,
Pave that Senfe of feeIi it had bg> |
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j 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
fore, nor will the Mouth of the Bit reft fo equally
upon it. To be certain of aHorfe's Mouth, you muft puC
him on pretcy fmartly, and then prefently ftop him > by his parting you will know if he be tickli"1' mouth'd by his chacking the Bridie, or throwing, up his Head. Again by his Stop; you will fine! L he ftop eafily, and by the leaft Motion of ; l Hand, with his Head firm and well placed. The Mouth fhould be full of Froth; and
champ continually upon the Mouth of his Bii il is a token of a good Horfe, for few bad ones ,e this Action. If the Froth be thin and fluid, or of a pale, gret\
or yellowim colour, it denotes a bad-temper'" Brain; but if it be white and thick, cleaving t0 his Lips, and Branches of the Bridle, then l1 are to look upon the Mouth to :fh, and 'l the Horfe is of a good Constitution, and found ;
his Body. |
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CHAP. XIII.
How to judge of a Horfe's Vigour and
Agility. WHen the Horfe is (landing ftill, keeping hi111
fall with the Bridle-hand, apply your Sp^5 juft to the Hair of his Sides, which by Horferne11 is termed Pinching: And if you find him to bei^ patient under you, aflembiing himfelf, and ende?' vouring to go forward, champing upon the *>' without thrufting out his Nofe, it is a fign of I**1! and Vigour. There are fome Horfes which fhe^ t great deal of Mettle when they are pinched, ® , immediately lofe the apprehenfion of it, fo c%
thoug"
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i art I. Perfect Farrier. j$
though they have a very fenfible feeling, whichpro-
aaasmo!t from the thinnefs of their Skin, yet Of r ,a?Tj11 and craving Nature and Difpofition. rti r£ ?°'fes 1C maY be faid' that they are rather nckJifh, than really fenfible of the Spurs. Ihere is great Difference between a mettled
none a"d a fiery one. A mettled Horfe ihould oeeiteem'd, but a fretting and fiery Horfe is good and"0 i"g--,A Horfe tri% viS°rous fl™^d becalm
tie h.C?° L "de Patiently, and not difcover his Met- ^e but when required. will°me Horfes when a Ma" gives them the Spurs,
Wp: n°\ endure them , nor go forwards, but as it and , v'nS and fining to them, itrike out, wiufhenfaU a?r 'f Y°U Prefs them hard' the?
If he h " U'' a Paffing, and not ftir out of the place. Humour^ K I p!' ,he WiU with Difficulty quit this
ErW.r ? hC be a Stoned-H0i fe, he may per- haps forget it for a time, if he be under the Con- Mai0// f°d Horfeman, but if he once get the lattery of any of his Riders, he will then be juft Geld,? a;new aSam- This is not to fay, but Kicknf' SA' 7 °f any othsr vice but this of'
c<>ngagain(t the Spurs, may be eafily reduced, WoJleyhave not been long accuftomed to it. In a ^s\Z7 ? cng' Scuone-hotfe, or Mare, which and kick 7 thVTUrS' D« obftinately cleaves to of a croft aSaa'nJ them' fllCuld be Iook'd uPon as
rejefted. dogged nature, and therefore to be no^be7butm0,int a H°rfe t0 try hlm' ifhe wiI1
are to rP;PA i^endeavours £o go where he will, you tr a MrfhouTd bSuavHftyJfade ^l*"*" " ?*
Will faw ri,,f f ,? H°rfes which have no other f« nevl nnir Sr uRider- Thefe kind of Hor"
ihonM q? alt°gether this Vice and therefore Would not be meddled with. cnererore |
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The
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60 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
The furefl Method will be to choofe fuch Hor-
fes as are very apprehenfive_ of Strokes, and are a- fraid at the leaft appearance of them, which at the only clofing or grafping of the Legs, or rather Thighs, are afraid and alarm'd, and that with- out fretting or fkrinefs. A Horfe which walks de- liberately and fecurely, without needing too often the Whip, and without fretting, goes from the Walk to the Gallop, and from the Gdlop to the Step again, without being difquieted, but always champing upon his Bitt, trots with a Glibnefs up- on his Shoulders, and Gallops eafily, fnorting a little thorow his Noftrils: If he be well upon his Haunches, have a light and eafie Stop, his Head firm and well placed, and the feeling of the Bitt equal and juft, I fay, if he have thefe Quali- ties, you will feldom have caufe to complain for his Price. I fhall only add, that whatever other good Qua-
lities a Horfe may have, that you never give a good Rate for him, unlefs he have thefe two, of having a good Mouth, and being fenfible and obedient to the Spurs. |
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CHAP. XIV.
After what manner a Manjhould mount and try #
Horfe he intends to buy. AFter you have feen the Horfe rid by another
Perfon, it will be fit to mount him yourfelf* that you may know if his going pleafe you. Take the Horfe as he comes out of the Stable, and
if poflible before he hath been rid that day, and without animaling, or in the leaft frighting hi^ with your Legs or Rod, flack your Bridle-hand a' bout four Finger's breadth, more than is neceftar? |
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^SiSrtoOIhi?e H^d' 1CttinS him §° at a SteP
Head loUi I \ \Tl™\ and Humour' with h's him: N0w|l ™'' anJ you no ways troubling "alk thus fo/, nCan haVe,bUt 5tienCe t0 let hif»
«> ftumt e he\?lTter °f M uH°Ur' if he incline haps fSute thr r CriP T^1^ 0nce' and Pe<- f«4a to i T?r,°Uud uW1Ch his N°fe' if he be very **&'wholly unon I « lVy,T theHand> "ewill Bridle-hanVPi?h?eKBli',fnd^ aburden to the ni& infenfib'lv „ r/^ laZy' he wil1 di™"
laft ftand ft3ithVrain °f,hlS Walk> and will at
moveeenrlw «° put hlm on again> y°u muft Ar^f ana S,??^ and LeSs, nay, even your
be«er thus 1 f lllb'yJ011 wiU know your Horfe a«Y other MerilnH a"1"' than in half a Day hY th's proof, you r?,?; i • gain> if afcer ha™g made and that he be H °g° at an attentive pace, SPurs, he will unite nil I- aPPrehenfion of your Pleafe you: whereof hlsrftrength and mettle to SV^nce 4 S £ I^' i* WOuld noc much hdP
£rft hundred LrA * rCaufe Jt is commonly in the been fwitch'd o r °r,i°' that a Horfe after he hath ™s Me"le bv Lr ', glVes the greateft token of f°long frefh in h• m C corre<ai°n he received is freedofthi^nhlS,Merm°ry: But ifafterheisonce Pre/!ng him 5 hen°nn' ^ y°ur Negligence in andL?gs, ne°"' and flac:kn^ of your Thighs .^rd, with ' n?Jw.lthftand»ng go chearfully for- champing h],\ aifed and well placed Head, and ^hout either ft' uSrSceP wdl raif«l and refolute, ^ones in the W ™ t? °r ftriking :he Clods °r d°ubt cannot bur k y' fuch a Horfe without go well. De Vigorous and mettled, and alfo
. As. for Amblers thev <hn u
thac Js, their Hind-On,dg0roundly and equally, |
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B»y «Kir FoVe, tnfegV'f tbe
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ey were in two
pieces |
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6z The Compleat Horfeman: or,
pieces or halves: But above all, you fhould obferve
if the Perfons upon them make but a little motion with their Bodies, which will be a certain token that fuch Horfes go well, and that not only the Arrtble* but alfo the Step. The beft Obfervation for Amblers, and to know
if they really go well, is to take notice if they over- lay much in ambling, which is, if with their Hind- Feet they over-pafs a Foot and a half, or two Foot the print of their Fore, for the more they over-pafs them with their Hind-Feet the better will they Amble, becaufe it is impoflible for them thus i° over-pafs with their Hind-Feet the treadof their Fore? without plying confiderably their Haunches, which is the perfection of the Amble. It now remains that I fpeak of thofe HorfeS
which go muffling and mixt Paces, which, generally fpeaking, are worth nothing, and commonly fuc'1 Horfes are fretful and fiery, which obliges them ^ their firft out-fetting to betake themfelves to fuc'* fhuffling Paces. Sometimes alfo it proceeds froij1 a weaknefs either in their Reins or Legs •, but iflt hath never been a Horfe's cuftom to go a fhuffling Pace betwixt the Walk and Amble, and that y°u find he now inclines to it of his own accord, it is * fign that his Legs are either fpoil'd or weak, a" that he endeavours by this kind of Pace to give #» to them. A Horfe defigned for hunting mould be vigoro1!.
and full of Mettle (but not fiery,) gallop upon 'llj Haunches, and graze but (lightly upon the Groui^ with his Feet; that is, ihould go fmooth, and f ^ raife his Fore-Feet too high. His Head and NeC^ high and well-placed, without refting too much up .)S the Snaffle, and alfo giving a little fnort with % Noftrils each ftroke he makes, which is a token ° . good Wind. When you make tryal of a Gallop obferve if he perform it equally, and pufh him °\q |
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I art I. PerfeB parrier% ^
W ftard' l\M you may know by his S^P ^ he
or l jenSth and v>g«ur which is called a 5owr«
^asrf, and if he be alfo fenfible of the Spurs.
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CHAP. XV.
°ftbe different Colours of Horfes: with fome Ob-
Jervations that may be drawn from them. X \*E,DVke tfNewcajlle ridicules all fuch asre-
thofe S, LIther CoIour or Marks, and laughs at riflj-H , thlnk that a Horfe is compofed and nou- MennnJiSle/0ur Elements; for, faith he, both and drinl i receive cheir Suftenance from Meat not be nen'V f^ H°wever, fince fome People will ConftirK *t buC that the natural Temper and meafnre h?, ri ■ ,es may be ^covered in a great CoI yoU y r COl°Ur' l mi briefiy name them SoSL^°5 C?™mon of a11 Colours is the Bay:
k^ldBayS P°tS °n thdr Cr°UP' andar£ Cal-
hatlhae fe1" k ^ ^ Sat Which is almoft black, only
the Nofr k brownLHair, uPon the Flanks and tip of Bay. ' and 1S therefore fometimes called Brown black •tNdrKInd °f BayS haVe their Manes and TaiIs
bad not h t was there ever a Bay Horfe which The r Extremities black. The bSedreGf feVT! kfdS-
Spots difperfcd1 her?7 '5 \C WhlCh hath ^ hhck The light or fii C'
fmall mi|ture of j£kGgy.is when there is a very
may diftinry„;rk ;* c "airs, and only fo much as The? F l from Ae white
1 he lad or powder'H r • great mixture of black M? 1S-a ?olour, ^ a vefy
or Diack Hairs m it, and is a pretty colour
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6 4 The Compleat Hor fern an: or,
colour when the Mane" and Tail are white: The
Black Gray is almoft the fame with a great deal °* Black, and but little white. The Brownifh or SaO' dycouloured Gray, is when there is Bay-coloure^ Hairs mixed with Black, and is a very good colour- The Dapple-Gray is commonly known. Of Pye-bald Horfes are feveral kinds, as Black?
Bay, and Sorrel. The lefs white they have, it is i° much the better token of their goodnefs. The Roan is as good a colour as any of the pre'
ceding •, and there are feveral kinds, as the Roan of a Wine-like colour, which approaches near 1° the colour of a pale Claret, and the Roan with * black Head, which hath alfo his Mane and Ta1 black. The Starling-colour fomewhat refembles t*1,
brownifh or black Gray, only more freckled, an having a confiderable deal more white, refemblin? the colour of that Bird's Breaft and Back-feathers-. Horfes of the colour of a Peach flower or Bl^
fom are very rarely fenfible and obedient to $ Spurs, but their colour is delicate and pleafing the Eye> . i,rf
The Sorrel is a kind of Bay of a brown or rati1 g
reddifh colour. There are but few but what a
good, efpecially if their Manes, Tails, and Le$
be black. .e.
There are feveral kinds of Sorrels, and their "' $
ference chiefly confifts in the colour of their M^n and Tails: As, g The Red or Cow-coloured Sorrel, with the Ma >
and Tail White, or of the fame colour with $ Bodies. ^ The Bright or Light-coloured Sorrel, hathc0^
monly the Mane and Tail White, and is not & worth. |
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Parti. PerfeB Farrier. 65
diUmheK(:0mmon"So^re,' which is as * were a Me-
» comt ^ l}l*Rcd and Bri8ht> » that which ftinSn 7 ° ' Sorrd' withouC an^ other di" reddi'll, Bu,rnt-Sorrel is of a very deep brown and and T m ,Ur' and lhould have a,waVs the Mane
colon/ Wi11Ce' and they are verY rarely of another
Tk ' anathis is a beautiful and good Colour.
havethTVar,CofSorrel-Horfes' except fuch as
tretnities wh !° °f a pale colour> and cheir Ex" are tor the S anfwer/eadiIy t0 *e sP^s, and There parC of a cholerick Conftitution.
Rubican are,other mixt kind of colours, fuch as the
hath whir* M- l* when a black or forrel Horfe
Body hnV r a'rS ,e and there Mattered upon his The M0SerClal,y UP°" his Flanks.
of them hive hi?Ui -or Dun is wel1 known- Many Eel-back'd OtK uLlfts alon§ their Backs' ca!led <* S w? hul ,aVC £.heir feg^ a"d Hams lifted quitiC c ' Wiftheir Manes and Tails the dak are ZT J* °fa bri8ht Dun-colour, but E^emLsebeblacl^VICeable' efP£dally lf ^ ifk be' vlvt?1,?1" -is °frtwo ki"ds, bright or dark;
^ch Ho?;Anght'," refembles the Ifabella colour; black L ^ haVC 3!Ways' or at leaft mould have, a, Tails, andT ngui ,ir Backs' with their Manes> very good & ck' and are for the moft pare Branded-GSravK0lr0Ur is alm°ft the fame with the
are not bv Z^^.^-mentioned, only that the Spots Tk n- S-
Horfc! haTe't&M fuffid™tly known, and if fuch
they will prove <*ood "i ^a!ls' and LeSs blaek '
along their TWK V and lf chey have a black Lift ter.° W Backs' they *U1 befo much the bet- |
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Altho*
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66 The Compleat Horfeman : or,
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i
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Altho' there be goo.d Horfes of all colours,
there are good Greyhounds of all Marks, yet I 1M tell you which colours are mod efteemed, and' conclude this Chapter. The Bay, Chefnut, Dapple-gray, Roan with
black Head, the burnt and dark Sorrel, the BlaCi with a Blaze or Star in the Forehead, are all go° colours. I have feen fome very good Iron-coloured Graf
altho' it be generally no good colour. And I h&* known very good White Horfes, which were bla| all about their Eyes and Noftrils. The Flea-bitten Gray, which have good EyJ
feldom fail to prove good, but there are but f£] Horfes of this colour untill they become a little age Thofe that are Flea-bitten in their Fore-Parts 1 commonly excellent; and if they have them 1 over their Bodies, the Mark is fo much the bette But if they have them only upon their Hind-Qi13, ters, and none upon their Fore, then they are rar« good. |
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CHAP. XVI.
Of White Feet, Stars, Blazes, Feathers.
ALtho' thefe Marks in the Opinion of the P^.
of Newcaftle, are nothing but fomany Abfty ties, as alfo what People fay of white-footed Hone' that there are four good Marks belonging to the j] andfeven bad; yet fince many People rely rr>a upon them, I fhall defcribe them as briefly as I c^1' The firft good Mark is when a Horfe has o$\ his far Fore-foot; the fecond when he hath his flc-. Hind-Foot white. The far Hind-foot white .} efteemed a bad Mark. The two Fore-feet whii^, a bad Mark, but not yery common. I have kne' ( |
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*««!. PerfeB Farrier. 67
UUt fpur X3 r
"^h wort°h mth this Mark' neither were they
aHy ifl!W? HInd-feet wh^e is a good Mark, efpeci-
Thef "J6 a S£ar or Blaze in his Forehead.
kmewh J°u °re"feet' and one Hind-foot white, is Fou" k "" than the tvvo Fore-feet alone.
monlv'n tC Feet fliews Sood Nat"re, but are com- 'iclinl "1>C, vf 7 llronSs and their Fore-feet will Horn. nttIe becaufe of the whitenefs of the it is w°h FeeC °f a flde white is a bad Mark> and fo
fome p ,a ,Horre is Crofs-white-footed; altho' the far P°Pr Up°n ic as a §ood Mark to have
aJly if l,P°[ and near Hind-foot white, efpeci-
Ern a a Star with ic-
With liule M,h«tecFeet are th°fe which ^freckled Client Mark P°tS r°U"d theCoronets: Anex- ^'hZt? the,Wuhite afcends upon a Horfe's
Hment 3 T* ^ W°rfe' But after all> the in§ to Men.aWp r°m C°l0UrS and Marks is accord- 0f aH Colour, ^ there beinS S°od and bad &fea% ' a1-Wdl aS °fa11 Ma^S.
reftmblJ?r5,S?0th,n8 Cife but a turning of the Hair,
0ilet-holg:'n fTC an Ear of Barly, and a kind of al°ng the , ° ers- When k reaches a good way lC is a goodPM T °f ^Neck' near t0 the Mane»
?*«*, fhe M^ ' u^u lf tt be on each fid^ the be ^ the FW u W,the hctter' So likewife if there Parate from eaudLCW° 0r,-th.ree of thefe Oiletsfe- a,kind of Fm? ° -' orf°J°inedtnat they form ?e Ply of a HrV.°Lif the like Mark be uP°n
back Part of ir n S S Hmd-Thigh, and upon the °r R^p re Jh "i!ar t0 where the end of his Dock ^ Ic is fair • S' rC 1S a vei7 good Mark. Blazes, thitf J?°rwS Whuich h-e white Faces or Cr<>fs-Ways th,H r aZ6,bf divided in the middle>
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7 ' the Horfe *
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p2 Bus
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68 The Compleat Horfeman : or,
But if his near Hind-Fo'ot be white, it will rectify
that blemifh. Every Horfe that is not White or Gray, is efteeni-
ed the better for having a Star in his Forehead. You may eafily difcover when it hath been made by Art, becaufe there will be no Hair in the middle of it, and the white Hairs will be much longer than the reft. The Hollanders roaft a large Onion in hot Afbes,
and being almolf. throughly roafted, they divide it in two, and dip it into fcalding hot Walnut-Oil? after which they immediately apply the flat fide of it to that part of the Forehead where they intend to make the Star, and there keep it for half an Hour, and then take it away and anoint the fcalded place witk the Ointment of Rofes: In a ihort time the Scarf-Skin falls away, and there grows up in the new one fome white Hairs, but the Star in the mid- dle remains always without Hair, as was before ob- ferved. |
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CHAP. XVII.
How to know if a Horfe have a good Appetite of
be jubjeSi to the Tick. BEfore you conclude your Bargain when you at"e
buying a Horfe, obferve if he eat heartily'- ror tho' there are fome great Feeders which are n" great Toilers; yet there are very few which can endure a long Fatigue, but what have excelled Appetites. If a Horfe be light-bellied, it were convenient: t°
try him one Night, giving him fifteen or twenty pound weight of Hay, and if there be none ne*c Morning remaining, he has a good Appetite. Ob- ferve alio if he drink well. LigW"
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art I. PerfeSi Fartier. 6y
_ Light-bellied Horfes, altho' they may eat their
ats heartily, yet for the mofl part do not eat
th Llay, nor confequently drink luftily, whereby
, ey cannot travel fo well, becaufe with Oats alone
,. ey are too much over-heated, when a Man is ob-
'ged to give a great quantity of them, that fo they
I f"pply the want of Hay.
*ou may be eaflly deceived, if you conclude that
j n^orfe has a good Appetite, becaufe he is fat and
, tt:y> and carries a good Belly; for he may have
e^n pamper'd for fome time, and yet may difgufl:
nd lofe j^is Appetite by the lean: Fatigue.
j^orne Horfes, as they eat their Oats, take their
eads out of the Manger, and yet eat all up; thofe
orfes may have a good Appetite, but lofe a great
2*1 of their Oats ■, whereas he fhould not ftir his
oie from among them untill they are all eat up.
, Ut• (if his Oats are frefh and no ways mufty) and
e torfake them and fell to eating his Hay, you may
0nclude that he hath-fio good Appetite.
•*■ a'ce notice while he is eating his Oats if he be
°t fubjedr. to the Tick, which isapreffing the Edge
ki a Manger with his upper Teeth, and giving a
ncl of Belch through his Throat, whereby he loies
pa^ of his Oats.
nn ^' ^hen you are buying a Horfe, take care
ha u~° ^ ln ^ove w't'1 n'm' *or wnen this Paffion
n once feized you, you are no longer in a Conr itlon to judge of his Imperfections. |
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CHAP.
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yo The Compleai Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. XVIII.
Directions for preferring Horfes found upon
Travel. FIrft fee that his Shoes be not too ftrait and prels
his Feet, but be exatftly fhaped, and let him bc iliod fome Days before you begin a Journey, th^ they may be fetled to his Feet. You are next to fee that he be accommodate^
with a Bit proper for him , and by no means t°° heavy, which may incline him to carry low, or t0 reft upon the Hand when he grows weary, whic^ we call making ufe of his fifth Leg. The mout'1 of the Bit fliouldreft upon his Bars, about half a Fj11' ger's breadth above his Tufhes, and not make hW to frumple his Lips. The Curb mould reft in thf. hollow of the Beard, a little above the Chin, and ' it gall him, you muft defend the place with a piece : of Buff or fort Leather. The next thing to be obferved is, that the Sacl<.'J
do not reft upon his Withers, Reins, or Back Bon^ and that no part of it do more prefs his ¥>A° { than another. J To know if it reft equally over all, caufe io^t '
Perfon to get upon it, and if the Toes or Points ° the Saddle's Fore-bow prefs too much the Hoi"fe, < Sides, then the upper part of it will be void a" j hollow, and not clofe enough to the Horfe's BaC*' and fo the Saddle will be too narrow in its Toes ° I Points: But if the Points of the Fore-bow be t0,j wide and open, then they will not touch him at K '< in that part, but the upper part of the Saddle «"( prefs him a little below the Withers, andfoh^ ' and pinch his Shoulders, or occafion Sit-fafts, v?hlC ' are difficult to cure. -0 |
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rart • Perfett Farner. 7l
- S Point fhthe Hi"d-b- of ^e Saddle pL
his Back ab'P C J vn0t COme clofe enough tb
B*ek above Ihenai?t-l £ "* t0° d°fe ^^
and fo ri ■ i i r Wl11 be to° eafie at the Point* n4!° qUIckly fPo^ the Horfe where it preS Wonlfe °fJhe Saddle Aouldbe ofDeers-
,°r even thiofifT f ^ Manesand Tai' >
ha^en near fo , ^lIs ,°f ?xen' whi* does no n;lry Hair of oT J? the Sweat' as the ordi-
dried Mofs 0t"fn and Cows; and fome ufe well- When tl 1 q C;Ul-apt Co harden w"h Sweat.
f the ShouldI n'S Phced t0° forward> theFlefh
?e Fore-St ^hWl11 ?PPSr raifed at the Joints of
before, or SSn£*e Pannels be too much ftuff'd
^owandftraiaKr' ^s of the Fore-bow be too diftant from thtoeW;,,he 2^"^^ fhould be always bread^h, and when " tWO or ^ree Fingers ^0U ftouldimn:,^r"per^ve. ^ey lie too near,
Part°fthePa™n:, ^"^Y «> by fluffing that If Your Horfe I' ,led Aeir Breafts or Paps- A d behind fo A,;, the/annels too much
^UPPer, SecLfhat fth "^ 'UVe reC°urfe to a
0r too aact "^ Cf? 1C be ne.ther too ftrait drawn, by refti"g; unn i »'•the Buckle do ^ gall him
The DocF hlS Rems- ? nim
:ha" too fmal] "* fl1°uld bf large and fun, rather
1&H beneath tEe nCt ? bef ^ everY Day if
lVater and Salt «r ^ and Waftl the S°re with °V^ign Remedy f°ft B3nd/> which * the moft The BreaP-vlal'<l ^ Horfe wiU ^ffer it.
"* *e Bffifo fcda^ alf° °f a Juft ^ F4 b£
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7 z The Compleat Horfeman: or,
hetween the Points of the Fore and Hind-Bows 01
the Saddle, and make the Stirrop-leathers pafs over them. Let your Stirrop-leathers be flrong, as alfo the
Stirrop-irons, which fhould be pretty large, th^c you may the fooner quit them in cafe of a Fall. Having obferved thefe Precautions, begin yo^f
Journey with fhort Marches, efpecially ifyourHone have not been exercifed in a long time. Suffer hi1*1 to pifs as often as you find him inclin'd,\and notofl' ly fo, but invite him to it. But excite not yoUr Mares to pifs, becaufe their Vigour will be thereby" diminifhed. During your whole Journey let hi151 drink of the firft good Water you meet with aftef feven in the Morning in Summer, and after nin,e or ten in Winter. I call that good Water which 'j neither too quick and piercing, nor too muddy a^ {linking. This you are to do, unlets you defign l° gallop him a long time after drinking-, for in thf cafe you muff, forbear, although it be the cuftom l(i England to run and gallop their Horfes after drin^' jng, which they call Watring-coiirj'es, to bring the!*' as they fay, in Wind ; yet it is the moft perniciouS and hurtful Praclice for Horfes that a Man can \&r gine, and many of their Horfes become purfy byi^. While he is drinking, draw up his Head five °_
fix times, moving him a little betwixt every draugh^' and although he be warm and fweating very mtfCj1' yet if he be not quite out of breath, and that K have four or five Miles to ride, he will be better a ter drinking a little than if he had drank none * all. It is true indeed, that if the Horfe be veI^ warm, you fhould at the coming out of the W^ redouble your pace, or make him go at a gent Trot, to warm' the Water in his Belly. ^ Yqu are thus to let him drink all the while 1°^
are travelling, becaufe if he be hot or fweat^ when you come to bait, you muft let him flan" |
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Parti. PerfeB Farrier. 71
°ngtime before you can give him any Drink, with-
ut endangering his Life-, and when you take off the *ri.ale, his exceffive Thirft will hinder him from
at'ng, fo that an hour or two will be elapfed before n.e otter to touch his Meat, which is alrnoft all the
t'me a Man can well allow for a Bait at Noon, and
0 depart again with the Horfe in this Condition "ore he hath either eat or drank, will make him Duc very unfit to travel.
half IS all° S°°d r° lide very foftly for a quarter or
J an Hour before you arrive/at your Inn, that your Horfe not being too warm, nor out of breath
en you put him into the Stable, you may immedi- ately unbridle him. But if your Bufinefs requires y°u to put on (Imply, you muft then, if the Wea- ker be warm, let him be walked in a Man's Hand, t\ 1 mlY C°01 by De§rees: And if it be very cold,
"en let him be covered with fome Cloaths and
wahced up and down in fome place free from the
ftiX jtx lfy°U haVS n0C Che conveniency of a
wh 1 % j lk' ftable him immediately, and let his wnole Body be well rub'd and dried with Straw,
fnd do not unbridle him until he be pretty dry, and have recovered his Wind ; and during that time thefi ftU"S'rt hlm' takeoff his Crupper, flack the s ui plate' and put fome fref]l Straw betwixt
macule and his Back to refrefh and eafe him. nen ihake down frdh Litter beneath him to ob- nl J? ftale or P'fs "' for moft g°od Horfes do fin?yi Pf- when they are firft Put in the Stable and
ftndtae Litter beneath them. piiiSij jUgh mo(l PeoP!e wi!l have ^eir Horfes Legs
thes,i ?ith Scmw asfoonas they are PuC in
vef .taoJe> think;rig thereby to fupple their Legs, ted ir !!i0ne ° Che §reateft Abufes can be commit-
mmnlu PTroduces no other EfTed but to draw down ft; °m fegs thoje Humours which are already m 9 UB by the Fatigue of the Journey. But where- |
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74 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
as it may be objected, that the Humour which falls
down, is diflipated by Tranfpiration through the Pores, which are open'd by this rubbing of the .^egs: To this I anfwer, That the Humour indeed does in fome meafure rarifie, but that it can- not be all difcuffed that way, having too grofs a Body for it-, fo that the remaining part of the Hu- mour infinuates it felf as a Vapour amongft the Nerves, which is afterwards by the Cold condenfed into a Water, and this Water into a kind of vif- cous Humour; which cannot be difpelled by rub- bing-, becaufe being done in a time when all the Humours are in Agitation, it draweth them down and inftead of giving eafe, or being any ways be- neficial to the Horfe, is extremely prejudicial and hurtful. Not that I difipprove the rubbing Horfes Legs, upon the contrary I very much approve of it, only I would not have it done at their firft arrival, but when they are perfectly cooled. If before you arrive at the Inn you meet with
any Ford, ride your Horfe through it two or three times, but not fo deep as the Water may come up to his Belly. Now this Water will not only cleanfe his Legs of Mud, but the coldnefs thereof will bind up the Humours, and prevent their defcent. Being arrived at your Inn, aifoon as he is partly
dried, and ceafes to beat in his Flanks, let him be unbridled, and his Bitt warned, cleanfed and wiped, and let him eat his Hay at Pleafure. If your Horfe hath been very warm, and that you
had not the Conveniency of letting him drink up- on the Road, he will when unbridled eat but very little; you muft therefore give him his Oats warned in Ale or Beer, or fome of them only, if you io' tend to feed him again after he hath drunk. Many are of Opinion that People fpoil their
Horfes by giving them Oats before their Water •, be' caufe, fay they, the Water makes the Oats pafs too foom
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^art I PerfeB Farrier. 7J
gS'thTnf f°uttndi,gLefted °UC ofthe Stomach. I a-
"ot to H '• th^ a]?°'JSh k be Ae common Cuftom Oats !!? attei"', y" k is S°od to feed with warn S I f and after' efPecially if they be gS dSl wJl been hard Hd' for they wiH be a °f becomingenck.tter f°r "' and "^ " aU " dangCr
TolgnesDun^ T/ Sand wil1 fometitncs fo dry the
ApS nT ^°,Uths of Horfes.that they lofe their nedwith W Ch cafegive them Bran well moift- or wad! rk -^ t0 C°o1 and refrefh their Mouths, Spunteto^-'^T115 and To°Sues with a wet Thf p ? g£ them to eat-
much 0nrlerV^r0n or Deft™^ion of Horles depends Th« which If aier tl?£y dHnk when travelling. River is nrJl , , ^kand penetrating is bed. A Founta"nPto aaDre " a,fP^S' a"d a SP*H5 °r
fitated to let hifSoT"; ■B,uc if a Man be n^cef- Waters heVn ,? rS ?nnk of fuch penetrating «i-crs, ne ihould caufe the W-ii-pr t-~ u r • -u
°un, or vrarm r~ r • vvatet to be fet in the the reft A™ ?f " t0 Corredl the fcarpnefs of
k about With' hT^nf kCle U°rreaed ^ ft!rrin§
amoneft ir R „ v , ' or lowing a little Hay
and ArcL nV • Che ,Water be e"«mrfy quick WheS br ng' T'-VC Tr a little ™ Water, or Thepre"^ n "J!? fufficiently correct it.
moderate % ^ Dlr*&l??s ^ to be obferved after hard> unfaddl f- fry°U have rid «ceffively
a Svveatint T^le.fhim' nnd fcraPe off the Sweat with
your Hands j or.Sc^per, holding it with both rub his Head gi)^galwaySwiththeHair- Then
wipe him alfn i? LarS Wltha large Hair-cloth; the mi™ lLhfWlen}h Fore and Hind-Legs. In With clean StrJ118 ^ 'fll0uld be rubbed a" °ver
beneath the l^f PeC'IaI1y under h* Belly, and Then fet on the Saddl ^ he b5 thr°Ughly dry'
* you have a warm .1 again' «"* cover him5 and ■■ . a warm Pla<*> let him be gently led up and
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j 6 The Comphat Horfeman: ory
and down in it for a quarter of an Hour; but IfnoU
let him dry where he ftan'deth. Let him not drink -until! he be throughly cooled?
and have eat fome Oats. For many by drinking too foon, have either died by it, or become very fick. A Horfe after violent Labour, will never be the worfe by being kept half a Day from drinking? but may die by drinking an Flour too foon. Set the Saddfe in the Sun, or by the Fire that the
Pannels of it may be dry, rather than fet it upon his Back next Day all wet, and let the Pannels be beaten with a Rod, that they may not harden an" hurt the Florfe. At the taking off the Saddle, you mould feel your
Horfe's Back, if he be pinched or galled. You ma/ difcover it better when he hath flood an Hour of two unfaddled, by the fuelling of the Part oppreffed- If it be only fwelled, fill a Bag with warm Dung' and tie it upon the Swelling, which will not otdf hinder its increafe, but perhaps alio quite difcufs it: Or rub and chafe the Swelling with good Brandy or Spirit of Wine; and when you have foak'd the place well with it, fet fire with a lighted Paper t0 what remains upon it; and when the Fire of its oWJ} accord extinguishes, then the Swelling will alfo d»' appear. But if the Skin be cut, wafhit withwartf1 Claret, mixed with a fourth part of Sallad Oil, °t Frefh Bttter; or bathe it frequently with BrandyJ* the Horfe will endure it. Some to prevent a Horfe's galling, do take f
Hind's Skin well garnifli'd with Hair, and adjuft lC neatly beneath the Pannel of the Saddle that tbe Hair of the Skin may be next to the Horfe. N^ this doth not harden with Sweat, and fo not only pfe' vents galling, butisgoodforfuchHorfesas havebee lately cured, who would otherwife gall anew again- When Horfes are arrived at an Inn, a Man ftiou1,
before they are unbridled, lift up their Feet to fee ' |
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 77
t^sy want any of their Shoes, or if thofe which
they have, do not reft upon their Soles •, and pick f"d clear them of the Earth and Gravel which may be got betwixt their Shoes and Soles, If you water them abroad, fo foon as they return
^°tn the River, caufe their Feet to be flopped with ^°w-dung, which will eafe the Pain in their Feet: "^"d if it be in the Evening, let the Cow-dung re- rnain in their Feet all Night, to keep them foft and ln good Condition. But if your Horfe have brittle Feet, it will be
n«ceffary to anoint his Fore-feet at the on-fetting of he Hoofs with Butter, Oil or Hogs-greafe before
y°u water him in the Morning-, and in dry Wea- ther they fhould be greafed alfo at Noon. . So foon as you give your Horfe Oats it is good to eave him alone; for a vigorous Horfe, fo Jong as
,"ere is any perfon behind him, will not fail to °ok about him, and fo lofe many of his Oats,
Wich at that time fall from his Mouth. If he eat 's Oats too greedily, fpread them in the Manger,
"at he may neither eat them in fuch hafte, nor
lvi0W them unchawed-
» ^any Horfes aflbon as unbridled, inftead of eat- s' Jay themfelves down to reft, becaufe of the great Pain they have in their Feet, fo that a Man is Pr to think them fick ; but if he look to their Eyes, ^ will fee they are lively and good; and if he offer eat to them as they are lying, they will eat it very willingly -, yet if he handle their Feet he will find ,em extremely hot, which will difcover to him atit is in that part they fufter. You muft there- S° U olD^erYe if tneir Shoes do not reft upon their , ° es; which is fomewhat difficult to be certainly Known without unllioing them: But if you take off 'eir Shoes, then look to the infides of them, and tJ?UQna^ Perce*ve tnat thofe Parts which reft upon e ooles are more fmooth and lliining than any o- - ther. |
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7 8 The Compleat Horfeman: ory
ther. You are therefore to pare their Feet in thol2
Parts, and fix on the Shoes again, anointing the Hoofs, and Hopping the Soles with fcalding-hoi: black Pitch, or Tar. Horfes which have tender Feet, commonly ''2
down to reft as foon as unbridled, becaufe of w great Pain in their Feet. By tender Feet, I mei1"1 fuch as have low Heels, or whole Feet hav* but little thicknefs betwixt the Sole and the HoO'< in that part of the Foot which is about two Fty gers breadth orlefs above the Toe or Fore pare0' if, all thole which have too little Feet, or whic'' have cloven Quarters, or are Hoof-bound, or hav their Hoofs circled; and laftofall, thofe which ha^ flat Feet. You mould aifo look on your Horfe'sD ungj tflC
be too thin, it may be a fign, that either the^3' ter which he drunk was too cold and piercing, °. that he drunk too greedily of it. If there be among' his Dung whole Grains of Oats, either he hath r»° chewed them well, or hath a Weaknefs in his St0' mach. And if his Dung be black, dry, or cofl1 away in very fmall and hard pieces, it is a toke that he is over-heated in his Body. . Laftly; Before you leave him, fee that he be [
tied as that he may lie down with eafe, and that p Halter be neither too long nor too fliort. |
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CHAP. XIX.
Directions for preferving Horfes after1 a fourm
WHen you are arrived from a Journey, imfl1'
diately draw the two Heel-nails of the Forg feet, and if it be a large Shoe, then four. And ^ or three Days after you may blood him in theNec , and feed him for ten or twelve Days with ^. |
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art I. PerfeB Farrier. 79
hi™" °n}& w"h°uc giving him any Oats, keeping
rjel lltter»d. The reafon why you are to draw >e tieel Nails is, becaufe the Feet fwell, and if
jney were not thus eafed, the Shoes would prefs 'Anci lyra'Cen them too much. It is aJfo Pood to "op them with Cow-dung, but do not take the Shoes *t, nor pare the Feet, becaufe the Humours are
"rawn down by it. JW? 1following B«h will much preferve your
thinVnlT Take C0W °r Ox-dung, and make it fiftenr^ r ^P- f° that " be but of the con- Offnwll Q 1l ?mth' and add'n§ t0 Jt a handf"l HirH T ^mb h,'S Fore"Legs from the Knees, and
with tT f^^fG^brels, by chafing them well PCnet ate ^Tau^ ^ ^ the K^ ma7
beal cnv, J adhere.t,° the™> a"d that they may Mornina OVer WUh lt! And chus leave h™ till
WatTttrT Wminghis ^gs, but giving him his
water that hvening m a Pail. The next Morning lead him to the River or
SSi^S! Tth ^-^ ^icTisZve^
nmeswlenT'1 ^j"8 Le§S fr°m fwelli"S- Many
°f fimple WaterC and "° T^' l have ™de uf*
Thof■ J™ , 1C fuccesde^ very well. Ho e wil 1° ? reCfi°,rer *eir Ho^ Feet make a
andW ^ f W'th moiften'd Cow-dung, Month^o f' 7 V"/' durinS the fPace of *
continual m?ft ^3 W** beCaufe akh°uSh rh« cau es tt H°n fre Wh'Ch is amon8ft the C°w dung fo extreamW ^ 6r°V? !t drieS and ftrinks!» and b eaksyiSr,°rC0f ^ place' that ic fpK« ftraitens For t ^ F°0t immedlateIv
traty to the Or- C TU that Cow-dung, con-
Horfc.?h«do£T? ?f-many PeoPle> fP°^ a b«^eWheH °? lnde,!dm0iften the Sole> ture from "P S' ^ 1S °f " differe^ ™: you are Jner ^ ^ of^T * H°rfe'S Feet'
wraer in place of Cow-dung to fill a hole |
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8o "The Compleat Horfemcm: or,
with wet blew Clay, and make him keep his Fore
feet in it for a Month. ' When a Man hath rode a Horfe fo extreamly
hard that he fears foundring, the beft method he can take, after he hath led him a little in one's Hand? and otherways ordered him, as I have already di- rected, is, to take two Quarts of Vinegar, with two Pounds of Salt, and mixing them well toge' ther cold, bathe and rub hard theHorfe's Fore-leg5 with it for about half an Hour; then pour into hi5 Feet fome Oil of Bays fcalding hot, and upon th6 Oil^hot-Afhes, above which put Hurds orcoune Flax, with thin dices of Wood fixed crofs-ways a' bove it, to keep all faft: But if you can have n° Oil of Bays, then take either the Oil of Walnuts? Rape-feed, or that of Fillies, but Oil of Bays is b/ far the bell. |
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CHAP. XX.
How to recover Horfes which are harajjed and U$
after a long "Journey. MOft Horfes that are fatigued or over-rid, an
made lean by it, have their Flanks alters"' without being Purfy, efpecially vigorous Horie^ that have wrought too violently. There is no bec' ter Method to recover them, than to give thern 'J! the Morning half a Pound of Honey very v<e' mixed with fcalded Bran; and when they mall & well the half Pound, give them the next time whole one, and then afterwards two Pounds ev^ Day, continuing it untill you find that your HC' , empty and purge well with it: And when you Pe0 ceive that they no longer purge, then forbear give them any more Honey. Or you may g1 ^ them Powder of Liquorifh in the fcalded Bran f°frt/
n cot
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art I- PerfeB Farrier. 81
5fuderabI.e time' And t0 c°o1 their Blood k wil1
If t| . ^mifs to give them three or four Clyfters. der flf ani<s do not recover, give them the Pow-
lfl Purfy Horfes defcriDed 'ln the Second Part.
g;v tlle Horfe be very lean, it will be proper to ao j11}1 fome wet Bran every Night, over and himv Is ProPortion of Oats. Grafs is excellent for
i1' .if he be not purfy. Ver h be a Mare' £;ive her aHorfe> andif fhe ne-
had a Foal before, it will enlarge her Belly.
tha °metlnies exceflive Feeding may do more harm "Th ^c0^, by making Horfes fubjed to the Farcy: ancU 1 e give n°C C°° great a quancity at a timc.
ctake a little Blood from them now and then. a JjUCrS,l:raw' mixed with Oats, is good to prevent
of it°f i? eating ofr them t0° sreec%'and being
for Jelf a very good Food, is mighty wholfomc
^em; that which is fmalleft cut is the beft.
cert • n a Horfe begins to drink heartily, it is a ain fign that he will in a ftiort time recover. CHAP. XXL
th ed^rt °f Shoing, or the true and exaSi Me-
roa.°f Shoing all forts of Feet, be they never J° bad or deformed. X. 'F!erenare two Methods of Shoing. The firft is
acc°rdi for the Advan^ge of the Foot, and t0 it ing Co its Nature and Shape, to fit fuch Shoes
good S may make ic Detter than it is •, and if it be The femay Preferve and keep it from becoming bad. Foot a * Mechod is> that which difguifeth the ftot-,'wu- ,makech ic appear good when really it is iocs'theF Method> altho* in time i(: wholly ru- •tOer defi °°f' yec Horfe Couriers, who have no ucllgn but to fell and put off their Horfes, do G not
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82 The Compleat Horfeman: ory
not much trouble themfelves about it -, for provi'
ded their Horfes Feet but appear good, and they geC them fold, it is all they defire. I fhall treat of the firft only, wherein are foUf
Rules to be obferved in Shoing all forts of Feec wtiatfoever. The firft is, Toe before, and Quarter behind, or a
we commonly fay, Before behind, Behind before. By Toe before is meant, that you may give tbe
Nails a good hold upon the Toes of the Fore-fe^' becaufe there the Horn is very thick, which it lS not in the Quarters of the Fore-feet, for there thc Horn is thin, and you would hazard the pricki^ your Florfe. Quarter behind is that a Florfe hath the Quarts1]
of his Hind-feet ftrong, that is to fay; the Ho^ thick, and fo capable of fuffering a good gripe W the Nails; but at the Toes of the Hind-feet y° will immediately meet with the Quick, becaufe t*1 Horn is but thin in that part •, and therefore Smit'1 fhould put no Nails at all juft in the Toes of t'1 Hind-feet, but only in their Quarters. , The fecond Rule is, Never to open a Hoffi
Heels. People call it opening of the Heels, v/he the Smith in paring the Foot, cutteth the Heell0^' and clofe almoft to the Frufh, and taketh it do*1 f within a Finger's breadth of the Coronet, or top0 the Hoof, fo that he feparates the Quarters at ^ Heel, and by that means weakens and takes a*^jj |
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- iH
call opening, would be more properly called clof1^
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b
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of the Heels •, for the roundnefs and circumferej1',
of the Foot being cut, by doing that which v^l call opening of the Heels, which is to cut tbe <, wholly away, they are no longer fupported by af> thing •, fo that if there be any weaknefs in the ^°°\% |
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•, . *• Per feci Farrier. qi
Quarr Neceffity make it fhrink and ftraiten in the
Th I- Wh'ch wil1 1uice fPoil the FooL
fman X}.^ Ru'e is5 To make ufe of as thin and thick aS $°$Me-> becaufe the Nails that are
they an<^ Sro^s make a large Hole, not only when
For•h ^ ^"v'ng> but alfo when they are riveting:
\vay . fg ftiff, they fplit the Horn, and take it a-.
WhT tnem. Neither can a tender Foot be fhod
efpe -u<?h big Nails, without hazard of pricking,
of. » y if there be but a little Horn to take hold
too U m'ths, to prevent this, pierce their Shoes
"rJearthe edge, which will in time ruine the Foot.
you fourth Rule is, To make the light eft Shoes carjf ^l5 according to the fize of your Horfe, be- the tr tavy Shoes fpoil the Back-finews, and weary S]t ^J0rfe-, and if he happens to over-reach, the tyj" s,. ng heavy are more eafily pulled off. Thofe j>^° think ic frugality to fhoe with thick and heavie by -es' and feldom, are deceived, for they lofe more fp .. than they gain ; for thereby they not only the u Back-finews, but lofe more Shoes than if y had been light.
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CHAP. XXII.
'°^ fo pare the Feet well, Jit the Shoes and drive
the Nails. yJ not pare your Horfe's Feet almoft to the
by Qyick, as fome People do, who think there- fes °J)revent the fo frequent Shoing of their Hor- fm'oo k ^ you 'cnow that your horfe's Hoofs are dene and tough, you may with the more confi- ^l Pare his Soles reafonably near.
^hicr^ ^°°C t'lus Parec*' y°u mu^ ^r a ^noe to lt:*
the w"111^" *3e nei£her too broad nor too narrow in
Web, neither muft its Spunges extend any far-
G 2 ther
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tr y -firm* cf
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84 The Compleat Horfeman : or,
ther than the Heel, (the Spunge is that part of the
Shoe next to the Heel) bjit muft follow the exacl compafs of the Foot, juft to the Corners of the Frufh, and they muft not appear much upon the outfides of the Hoofs at the Heels neither; as thofe Smiths who pretend to be very underftanding, would make us believe, by faying, that it preferveth and fupporteth the Heel: But the middle of the Spunge muft be placed juft upon the middle of the end o» the Quarter which touches the corner of the FrufrV and is called the Heel, and which it is to be fup pofed you have not pared; for as I told you, the Heels muft never be pared. Now the middle of the Spunges being placed upon the Extremities of the Quarters, which form the Heel and touch ahnoft the Frufh, muft not reach any further, and then your Hori'e will be mod both for his own eafe, and the benefit of his Foot; for he will never become Hoof-bound, neither will he over-reach, by reafon of the Spunges of his Fore-feet Shoes being fet equal with his Heels, and not fuffered to exceed them. Thofe who make the Spunges of their Horfe's
Shoes too long, not only fatigue and weary them* and make them over-reach, but alfo ruin and fpoil their Feet, and are the Occafion of their becoming Hoof-bound : Thofe again that are too fhort, make a Horfe go lefs at his eafe; but your Horfe's Shoes will never be too fhort, if they follow the whole compafs of his Feet, to the Ends or corners of their Frufhes and no further. The Shoe fhould not prefs upon the Sole at all?
but fhould reft equally and exactly round the whole Foot upon the Horn, which is about the thicknefs of a fmall Finger's breadth, taking notice, that » the Shoe, upon the outer edge of that fide next the Horfe's Foot, have any rifling or unevennefs in ic» and that if you beat it not down, and make it level with the reft before it be fet on, it will reft upo11 |
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 8 j
.e Horn, and certainly fpoil the Hoof; for that
jWed edge being higher than the reft of the Shoe,
. ere will no other part of it reft upon his Hoof but
*> which will certainty fpoil it. The Horn round
ae Foot is at moft no thicker than a fmall Finger's
readth, which is alfo generally the thicknefs of
the reft of the Hoof.
, " the Shoe refted upon any other part of the Foot
u!j the Horn, it would make the Horie to halt,
'■ nd then you would be neceffitated immediately to
oj<e °ff his Shoe, as it will often fall out when the
hoe refts upon the Sole, efpecially if the Sole be
In and weak; but if the Sole be thick andftrong,
though the Shoe reft upon fome pare of it, yet
iJ^not the Horre halt, as you may remark in.
,?'ng with the Panton-fhoes hereafter defcribed,
hich Shoes reft almoft always upon the Sole, or
P°n the corners of the Frufh, and which being thick
^d ftrong, is the reafon that the Horfe but vety
eJ^°m halteth with them.
, Having thus fitted the Shoe, you fhall drive two
; a'ls in it, and then let his Foot go to the Ground, 0/ee if the Shoe be right placed, then you fhall I .riye the reft of the Nails equally, and not the one §her than the other (which is called Driving mu- jia'h) obferving neverthelefs, that the Nails of the t*eels of the Fore-feet be low enough driven, for fear of meeting the Quick, which in the Hinder* ,5et: is juft contrary, for there the Heels are p. * he Nails being driven, and cut over with the
■ 'ficers or Nippers, before that you rivet them you ?uft take the Cutting-knife, which is a piece of nteel about half a Foot long, having the one Edge p rP) and the other about the thicknefs of two r°wns, with which you muft cut the Horn that 0Ver-pafies the Shoe, by flriking with the Hammeu uPon the back of the Cutting-knife untill you have G 3 taken
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8 6 The Compleat Horfe man: or,
taken away all the Horn you defire. The Nails be-
ing driven and cut over, before that you rivet them take the Cutting-knife again, and cut away the lmall pieces of Horn which the Nails have made to rife in driving, to the end that the Rivets may be equal with the Horn-, for befides that it makes the Foot to appear handfomer, the Nails alfo fallen bet- ter , fo that the Horfe can never cut himfelf with the Rivets, which will often happen if you obierve not this Method. As the Shoe weareth, the Nails by degrees fif'c
into it, fo that the Rivets loofen and appear more above the Hoof, and if care be not taken to cut them as they rife, they will lame the Horfe. |
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CHAP. XXIII.
Of low Heels, tender Feet, aitd other kinds of baA
and imperfecl Feet. WHen you are pairing a Horfe's Feet whic''1
hath low Heels, you muft only pare the Toe without touching in the leaft the Heel, and alfo >c is good not to touch the Frufli, unlefs it be begi11' ning to corrupt, and then you muft pare it fiat' you muft alfo cut the Toe with the Cutting-kniie or Rafp only, and not with the Buttris. People make only ufe of the Butteris, for to g'^6
the Shoe a feat after they have cut the Toe with the Cutting-knife, for Example, the breadth of one5 Finger or Thumb, if the Foot be too long at the Toe j in which cafe, you muft alfo pierce the Sho^j near the edge at the Toe, for fear of pricking, ^ fo placing the Shoe after that Fafhion, you will for^ the too great Nourifhment which went to the Toe' to ftrengthen the Heels , and in twice or thric Shoing, the Foot will come to take a good fhaPj 5 an*
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Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 87
Inform, and alfo in the time that you reftrain the
oe by cutting it, the Heel will ftrengthen. Now ele kind of Feet growing only at the Toe, all the T?Ur,fhment of the Foot goeth there, and fo the eel becometh always narrower, and daily weaker ; ut if you obferve that which J. tell you, to cut the oe with the Cutting-knife, having only as it were ariched or cleaned the Sole with the Butteris, and hat you put the Shoe at the Toe a Finger's breadth
Or ■> t • o.
an jncn back, according as the Toe is too much
j ~n§> and that afterwards you cut away the Horn,
aiHire you the Foot will take quite another form ' ihape, which will be a great deal better, and the ^eels will alfo ftrengthen.
*»ut if your Horfe's Heels below and not narrow,
'n^ that the Frufh be large or fat, with great diffi-
u'ty will you keep it from touching the Ground , aJ}d then your Horfe will be in danger of halting,
'pecially when he is riding upon hard Ground. To prevent it, I think there is no other Remedy
han to give him Calkins, after the fafhion of the Point of a Hare's Ear, which is done by turning the
pities of the Spunges the whole breadth of the Shoe,
a£d making them after the faihion of Calkins; now
'lefe kind of Calkins will not do great harm to his eet:5 and he will alfo go the more firmly with them P°ti the Street, or in flippery Ground; fo by this J'e.ans you will hinder his Frufh to touch the Ground.
's not that I approve of Calkins, after whatever
a"uon they are made, the great Calkins are the
, 0rn\ and thofe whichfpoil moft.a Horfe's Feet;
pU1: thefe after the fafhion of the point of a Hare's
.*r are the leaft dangerous; and if People could f ° difpenfe with the want of thefe, it would be ftill
10 ««uch the better.
out if the Horfe which hath low Heels, have
^em alfo narrow near the Shoe, although that his rt»fh be large (which is not ordinary) you muft G 4 then
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8 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
then give him no Calkins, neither after the fafhi°n
of a Hare's Ear nor any other, but you muft ft0? him with Panton-fhoes, with a narrow Spunge an very thick in theinfide, that is to fay, that ic mut flope very much from the infide of the Shoe ne# his Foot to the outer Edge, and place the Spunge of the Panton-fhoes upon the Heels, {a that the thick edge of the Spunge may enter within the Co(' ners of the Frufh, to prefs them out when the? grow-, cut his Toe with the Paring-knife, according as you fhall find occafion for it; and after he)5 fhoed, keep his Feet in his Dung, being a litt'e moiften'd with Water, until he leave halting, for he will for a few Days have pain in his Feet until he be accuftomed to wear thefe kind of Shoes, afterward you may work him, for in a fhort time he will be accuftomed to them; and after thrice fhoing, the Heel, and alfo the whole Foot, will have taken ^ good form or fhape. The Horfe-Courfers, to cover this Imperfecliof1
of having low Heels, make the Spunges oftheShoes great and thick, to fupply the want of the Heels> which is indeed a very good Invention to fpoil the Heels for good and all, for it is good for nothing but this, that it maketh thofe who are ignorant buy" fuch Hories, without taking notice of their having low Heels: and the Horfe-£ourfers have no othef defign by it but this, when they fhoe their Horfc3 after that fafhion; it doth, however, well enough for fuch Horfes which have their Heels but a little iow, to beat down the ends of the Spunges with a Hammer, to thicken and fquare them beneath, fof it will-^fe^ their Heels, and make them go better in the■"Sti'eets while their Shoes are new, but th^ will not give their Feet a good fhape: In a word? low Heels with a very large Frufh, are thofekind 0* Feet which People cannot help by fhoing, and * look upon them as the worft of all Feet, becaufe they
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Part *• PerfeB Farrier. 89
VeredCann0t at *"' °r but
very rarely, be reco-
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CHAP, XXIV.
J flat Feet, and fuch as have their Soles round
and high. ^ Hofe Horfes which have Flat-feet, if they be
b„ ■ y°ung, their Feet will always fpread, and fo
" "1 danger of growing ill-fhaped, therefore they
u.d be fhoed after the manner following, to keep
l-l^r '"^nfibly from fpreading, efpecially if the
0rle be worth your pains: Above all things, if
^°'J1" Horfe have flat Feet, you mould bar the Pa-
ern-Veins: This Operation is good, but however
1 ^ not abfolutely neceflary, unlefs your Horfe
^atn his Soles round and high, yet this is not to
y> but that the doing of it contributes very much
^e amendment of Flat-feet; for to do it, you
,uft know, that in the Paftern there are two Veins
I ow the Joint, the one upon the infide, and the
tL upon the out; which Veins muft be barred,
<lt fo you may put a ftop to the fuperfluous Hu-
, °Ur-> v/hich falleth down upon the lower part of
, ^i'oot, and caufeth the Sole to grow round and
• §^ "> and alfo the Coffin-bone or little Foot, which
r ,!ine Bone in the middle of the Coffin, to pufh it
^ down, which, through time, maketh the Foon
ecome round at the Sole; the Veins in the Fore-
,§s being flopped in four places, and the Wounds
-panning to heal up, which will be.fe^e^f:eight
ays after you have barred the Veins, you muft do
*hg followeth. '
**Ut firft, to bar the Paftern-Veins right, you muft
/% tye them near the Joint with a fine Thread, to
e end that you retard not their cure: a little Silk
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is
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90 The CornpleatHorfeman: or,
is very good for that Purpofe: Then cut the \&
beneath and let it Blood-,'if it bleed too long, y° may bind up the Orifice with a large Band and Comprefs. If for Flat-feet you bar the Veins, you will con1 ^
fooner to your purpofe than if you had omitted tf' but that doth not hinder this following Meth° to be very good, although you had not barre them. You muft then forge according to the following
Figure, A.C.D.F. (See Plate third, Fig. 9.) Shoes very ftrait in the Quarters, and which do not tuff in a Circle, nor follow at all the fhape of the Quaf ters of the Foot, but whofe branches from theToe A. D. to the Spunges, C. F. muft be very ftreight' and you muft pierce the Holes, G. H. I. L. very near the Edge: You muft alio place thofe Shoes, 1° that you may have about the thicknefs of v#° Crowns of Horn to take away at the Toe A. P* with the Cutting-knife, and they having the'' branches ftreight, there will without doubt be a good deal of Horn to take off at the fides A. B- K and D. E. F. which are retrenched by the Shape °> the Shoe within the pointed Line, as you may feS in the Figure. Having then a Shoe made after this fafhion *''
together flat, and the branches near ftreight, pare his Foot very gently, and fit the Shoe to it; for a'' though it reft a little upon the Sole it matters nQt' becaufe by no means you muft make your Shoe vaulted or hollow, and faften the Shoe with veil thin Nails, taking but a flender hold for fear ° preffing the Vein, or meeting with the quick; yotj Horfe being fhod with this kind of Shoe which have been ordering, put a Reftriclive in his Fo° " made of Chimney- foot and Turpentine boiled t°'. " gether upon a flow Fire, always ftirring it u.trfr " ic be pretty thick, and apply it fcalding hot, vf'lf a Hni'O5
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»5 c" *• PerfeB farrier. pi
ct U1"ds above it •, and becaufe when the Shoes are
u ^ Suited, you will have Difficulty to get in tt nm Slices of Wood to keep faft the Reftridtive, « gccaufe the Shoe will almoft touch the Sole) <t erefore after you have put in the Hurds, you Thk ft tveaCloth about his Foot to hold all faft: Qlu >. ^ve w^' belp t0 Put a ^°P t0 t^xe t0°
ver growing of the Sole, and will alfo contribute
tor/ rnuc^1 (w^h the flopping of the Pattern-Veins)
Wh a ^°P to a'^ tne fupei'fluous nouriihmentwhich
the r° ^le ^°'e an<^ Coffin-bone •, put alfo upon
fp ^-°ronet, by way of a Plaifter fome Hoof-falve
j^ e'V upon Hurds, applying it to the onfetof the
fTe»°f t0caufe his Foot to grow, and renew the Plai-
every four Days, which doth a great deal better
th rvn'v to ano!nI: n's Feet every Day, becaufe
Ointment being tyed on with Hurds, and al-
j/^feniaining upon the Horn, hath more time to
°iiten it and caufe it to grow, than the fimple
aR^ting of it. F'
j-j °u muft not work your Horfe for five or fix
,J]Vs' that fo he may be ufed to his Shoes, which l at the firft prefs his Feet; but if after that time ^ Wean it, you muft then let him alone until he ext-W y accuftomed to them : And if he halteth t0 'ao.r^inarily, it's like that he may be then prickt, j Which you muft take good notice, and cure it, as aVe taught you in the Second Part. You muft
. ftiriue to fhoe him after this method every New- ft °0n5 always by Degrees making the Shoes ftraiter, ^ Wuch at the Quarters, but confiderably at the «°e> A. D. which you muft retrench and keep in *u ^ a^ means imaginable, as you fee it marked the Figure by the circular Line A. D. which is
arked with Points: After three or four Shoings
your Horfe will have changed the fhape of his Feet, lcb. Was unpleafant, into a better: Now it is a
€ertain Ru+e
, that you muft always make ufe of this
3 way
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pi The Compleat Horfeman: or,
way of Shoing, three or four Days after the charip •
of the Moon, to caufe your Horfe's Hoof to gr0 the better, which is what we defire. . If the Feet which grow too much at the Sol ■>
have the Heels ftraiter nearer the Shoe than abov ■> then you muft not retrench the infides of the Foo'' A.C. D. F. as I defired you before, but you m^ fhoe them with Panton-fhoes to enlarge their Heejs» for befides, that thefe Shoes will open the Heels> they will alfo hinder the Sole to grow fo rfltfc downwards, and fo the Foot will take a bettef fhape: When you fhoe with a Panton-fhoe, it mul follow the Circumference of the Foot, and tbe Branches muft not be ftreight; you muft alfo keep the Sole ftrong, without taking any thing almoi from it, otherways your Horfe will halt •, you ai"e therefore to take Nothing from the Sole, Heels, nOf any other part when you fhoe him, but only the Cruft, or that which rifes like a fcdrf, and y°1' muft always fhorten the Toe by cutting it with a Cutting-knife, proportionably as you fhall find occ^' fion: Make the Shoe altogether flat, without vault' ing it, for although it reft a little upon the Sole lC matters not, becaufe you are to force the Foot t° grow lefs: His Fore-feet being fhod, caufe him f° ftand with them all Day long amongft his own Dung' being a little moiftned, and let him not work for eight or ten Days, untill he be accuftomed to thoi<j kind of Shoes; afterwards you muft ftep him abroad upon eafie Ground, to ftrengthen his Feet. The Reafon why the Foot being reftrained wi?"
this kind of Shoing, taketh its right fhape agaio» is becaufe thofe Horfes which have Flat-feet, an" round Soles, have too much nourifhment in the,f Soles, and particularly at their Toes, and too lit^ at the upper part of their Feet: Now that the P*' ftern-Veins furnifh this fuperfluous nourifhment, ,s evident when People take out a Horfe's Sole, be- caule
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rt *• PerfeB Farrier. 93
flowe t°f °^ t^ie ^lood, which in great abundance
tye ti lrova the Foot, People are neceffitated to two V • ern witn a Cord, that is, they prefs thofe and J?'nS' w^'°h I have before ordered you to bar, ftonT \l r^nS ftoppeth the Blood, which being Und and having no more paffage to goto the rjrt er PafE of the Foot, which it did too much nou-
Sol "ndni0'ften, it followeth of Neceffity that theJ Sh C iV'n^- ^ry anc* hSrink in, to which the Panton- ine- e If COntribute very" much •, becaufe the open- fun n ^ee^ near the Shoe, will alfo conftrain the ^Perfluous nourifhment, which went to the Sole and tya j t° remain above, and nourifli the Heel which will K C<^' zn^ ^ means °f the Hoof-falve the Foot Hi h ■ rn°'ften'd5 and the nourilhment kept there, the tr1S W'iac we defir'd; and m the mean time and ^ enlarges, and the Toe and Sole fhrink in, der fi°W Iefs: This Method is alfo good for Flan- the* • r^es' whofe Feet change the Horn, for in go Hlme t^iat tJle'r ^eet a^ter' ^ giveth them a tJiuft ^P6' hut if their Feet be already bad, you J- take another courfe with them,
jj the Horfe's Sole be round and lower than his oth ^hich happeneth more to fome than to n ers» fo that fome will have their Foot fo ill— isaPea that it will referable an Oyfter-fhell, and PofTk- renverfed in a manner, fo that it is im- \n lbJe_ to fiioe them without hollowing or vault- filv '" Shoes, which will make them go unea- Sol anc^ a^° through time caufe their Feet at the •j^l es to become round, like the fegment of a Ball bare 0rteft and beft Remedy for fuch Feet is to afCer '•he Paftern-Veins, and feven or eight Days with a- °Perati°n to make him Pancon-fhoes the ' *c Spunges, and extraordinarily thick on notIntlei*edge-, they muft alfo be altogether fiat, and ^11 rLVau^tec^» f°r ^ is t0 he remarked, that almoft he round or high-foled Horfes have narrow Heels |
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near
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94 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
near the Shoe, and the Smiths thinking to m &
them go eafily, make them hollow Shoes which re only upon the Horn in the out-fide of the Heel, ^ by that means, becaufe the Shoes by degrees cO drain the Foot, they make it grow daily ftraite1". the Heel •, the little Bone alfo which is in the mi"'* of the Coffin preffes downwards towards the So'' the Toe grows long, and fo the Feet become !l fhaped and unferviceable: now to help and re#' > all thefe Inconveniencies, the Panton- fhoe be"1! forged and pierced near the Edge of the Toe, & told you, you fhall cut more or lefs from t'1,t Horfe's Toe with a Cutting-knife, as you fra think fit; then fit the Shoe fo, that the flopint? or thick parts of its Spunges may enter within •# corners of the Frufh, and being flat at the T° that it may reft upon the Horn; but although' reft a little upon the. Sole it matters not, and *a ften it with thin Nails; alfo put into his Foot ' Reftrictive made of Chimney-4bot and Turpetiti'1, boiled together, and anoint his Hoof, with H°° c falve; then let his Feet ftrengthen and be eafed °, the Pain, which that new manner of Shoing ^' occafion, add that for the fpace of twelve Days^ more until he leave halting; afterwards let h1 work by Degrees, and after three or four Shoin^j if the Horfe be not old, his Foot will take a go0 fhape. This which I fpeak is not by fpeculatiof" but founded upon a great many Experiences. It is a great abufe to vault Shoes when Pe°lTe
may forbear it (and it may for the moft part v omitted) becaufe the Foot being nailed and m^ faft to the Shoe, it groweth and taketh the fhape °e form of the Shoe; and Nature finding that Pafi# open, through the Inclination which ihe hath to Wj mfh a fuperfluous nourishment to the under parC,/0 the Sole, preffeth always that way, and is a ^ helped by the hollow Shoe to give that round fof 0 |
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rt I. PerfeB Farrier. 9 5
for h ^eet' which rendreth a Horfe unferviceable
are ^treet or upon hard Ground; fo that People wj .n^ceffitated to fend them to draw the Plough, °tj rl t^ey wantec^ that fault, would have been fa 0cl3 and might have ferved for a Coach.
Ud t happeneth alfo that when a Horfe travelleth ^1 Vaulted Shoes, he treadeth only upon the mid- q °r the Shoe, for it cannot all equally touch the th tj^' .becaufe °f its roundnefs, fo that it hindreth air ^°r*e to eo firmly as otherwife he would, and aIf^aketh him flip. £ •*■ he lureft way therefore, is to rectify fuch bad |
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^1 "i the beginning, and efpecially in the time
th fi fes a'ter or change their Horn, which is nrft fix Months after they come from Flanders.
Co ^.^Ppofing that your Horfe's Feet be yet in a
^Uon to be helped, you muft reftrain their
I 0vvth in the Soles, as I have ihewn you for the
a at-feet; or if the Heels be narrow, fhoe him with
atlton-fhoe, and after the former fafhion, with-
]• Vaulting or hollowing it; you muft alfo pare but
hi t- his Feet, and leave his Sole ftrong, fhorten
On K-00t aC r^e ^oe' anc* Put thefe Panton-fhoes up-
§1 lTi > if his Heels, I fay, be narrow near to the
j ^> then put the Reftri&ive into his Foot which
hi p fe<^ before ; or otherwife let him ftand with
n *eet being fhod after the fafhion I have been
rr)e^lng you, in his own Dung, being kept a little
Hi?1-], at it may not heat, and let him ftand fo
nit!^ he halt no more, always keeping the Dung
upon which he ftandeth; at the fame time
^ l about his Foot a Charge or Softner reafonably
y rtI1» or Hoof-falve, as I have before ordered you.
.u tnuft alfo renew, two or three times, the Appli-
ke l0? °fthe Reftrittive, and theCharge or Hoof-falve,
bv,ef.lng him always fhod after the former manner;
j.Q Jf his Foot, after Shoing be very high and
ter)"r! *°'ec*> You mu^ then Jet him ftand eight or
n Days upon his Litter.
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y6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
If the Horfe have his Sole but a little raifed, °*
that it be not as yet abfolately round beneath, afte twice or thrice Shoing it will be helped; but *lie more it is out of fhape, the more time it will t-1'4 to re&ifie it: It is to be obferved that Flat feet, at leaft the molt part of them, have their Heels r>ar' row near the Shoe, fo that the Smith's hollowing or vaulting very much their Shoes, makes themfel upon the out-fides of the Heels, and by thatmeao* makes them become narrower: Now quite contra1"/ to this Method, you muft fhoe your Horles w^'1 Panton-fhoes, fo that caufing their Heels to opefl> you will contribute to the fhrinking in of the Sole and under part of the Foot, as I have told you b£" fore, and cannot tell you it too often. But if your Horfe's Foot be extraordinary hig>
or round in the Sole, you muft, without delay, b^f the Paftern-Veins, which will be the only means 1° give a good fhape to thofe flat kind of Feet; ioir without this Operation any other will have no grea* effect; becaufe the main defign is to put a ftop t0 that fuperfluous nourifhment which goeth to the Sole, and to force Nature to furnifh that nourish' ment to the upper part of the Foot, which the Ihoing with Pantonrfhoes will do, even without: retrenching and cutting his Hoofs at the fides, if y°a but only with the Cutting-knife cut and retrend1 his Toe, and that you keep his Sole ftrong witho^j almoft taking any thing from it; fo that being fh0': with Shoes that are not vaulted, although they tf" a little upon the Soles, yet they will not caufe hitf to halt much, even though they be Panton-Shoes' Afterwards fit the Shoe, and providing it reft ^°. altogether upon the Sole, it is enough, feeing you 1£\ the Sole exprefly for that purpofe ftrong enough, ^ fallen the Shoe with very thin Nails. " When ^ " is fhod, you fhall fill his Feet with Tar fcalding *' hot, or with the ReftricYive before-mentioned' |
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J
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u * *• PerfeB Farrier. 97
" D ° rw^e ^eeP them amongft his moiften'd
It\
Wjj.1 true> this is to keep the Horfe a long time
f0r ut having any fervice of him, but oftentimes
refl. Q} taking that care of him, and giving him that feen' becometh altogether unferviceable, as I have in t- a §reat many, for not taking Notice of them f"e ni^: There are fome which have fuch kind of c0rj- tnat will yet be fomewhat ferviceable, but ac- Car ln§ as they need help, People take more or lefs £,°f them. |
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Whir • aoie, out as it were to clean ana
hoi]Cn lt' becaufe he hath been already made too
pfe » ftoe him juft, and pierce your Shoe a Y ly diftance from the Edge, but you muft drive ^ r Nails low, for if you fhould pierce your Shoe |V r the Edge, the Nails would, in driving, fplit the by r?' which hath been already too much weaken'd bm- Horfe-Merchant, who had no other defign Uj „ to make his Horfes Feet appear hollow: You the i P'erce your Shoe a pretty diftance from j> edge, fo that the Nails may not eafily fplit the to J** ^ut ^or ^ear of pricking your Horfe, you are ^ Qfive them fomewhat lower than ordinary, and tjj e a Nail juft at the Toe, to the end that the Shoe ^a ^ longer on without fhifting its place, and all t rema'n ftrait upon his Foot: You are not at let £ retrench his Quarters nor open his Heels, but and k ^noe f°H°w the compafs of the Horfe's Foot, the • ^s means y°u ^ia^ preferve his Feet, and >2. will be always good.
Ho f e Smiths who think to give eafe to their alittl '-ky enlarglnS tne'r Shoes, or vaulting them W k infenfi°ty *Poil their Feet' becaui*e tney foi-
c«e form 0f the Shoe, and fo become mts-fhap'd;
H for
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p 8 The Compkat Horfeman: or,
for the more that you enlarge your Shoe at firft, tn,
more you muft enlarge it the next Shoeing , a^ that is the way abfolutely to lofe your Horfe; >° it is far more difficult to reclifie your Horfe's Fct ',' and give them a good Shape, when once deforrne ' than in the beginning, when they have goodt^,.' and their Horn altering, to preferve them; becau ^ they are then capable of receiving any form you ' tend to give them: Horfes which have big and larp Feet, although they be not flat, yet are more i^.c jecT: to have them eafily fpoil'd than any other, People take not care at every Shoeing to retrenc them, until the Nature of the Horn be change ' This is what I thought good and neceffary to " praftifed for this kind of bad Feet; I fhall in & following Chapter continue to fpeak of other Sorc of bad Feet than thefe I have already difcoirfei of- |
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CHAP. XXV.
How Horfes that are Hoof-bound, or Narro^'
heel'd, Jhould befhod. I Have already fhewn, that a Hoof-bound Hon?'
is a Horfe whofe Heels fo prefs the Bone witk1^ the Hoof, or the Coffin-bone, that they either ma*. the Horfe to halt, or at leaft hinder him to tra^e eafily: To cure it, People take out the Horfe. Sole, and cleave his Frufh, which fhall be treats of in the Second Part, Seel. 2. Or otherwife Pe°' pie remedy it by the help of Shoeing: But whe.p a Horfe is ill Hoof-bound , People oft-times gaI time by taking out his Sole, provided that tbe/ cleave his Frufh to facilitate it; but People, ^}\ have not had the Experience thereof, can but V}1 difficulty, at firft, be perfuaded to make tryal oflC' |
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?h«
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rt *• PerfeB Farrier. 99
^ "e Caufesof this Defect in the Feet are different;
•p ies which have either ill-fhaped, or too long , tj are fubjec~t to grow Hoof-bound : They alfo a ,Crne Hoof-bound when their Hoofs are too dry, . want Nourifhment to maintain the Horn ; or if r y be not right fhod, their Heels will grow nar- |
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Hich
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and fo they will become Hoof-bound; after
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they never go firmly, becaufe their Pleels
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a' lning them, they endeavour to eafe themfelves
•j, ^"ch as they can, and therefore go upon their th°fS r Wn'cn maketh the Back-finews to fhrink, and fn Ir^egs, at the Knee or Paftern-joint to bend a r,Warcl'S, when they ftand in their natural Pofture; which, if you help not at the beginning, will j *-e them halt to the Ground. It is difcourfed at ■p §e in the Second Part, concerning the curing of e^t which are Hoof bound.
lo prevent and put a flop to this Infirmity, you ,ll*c> when you fhoe fuch Horfes, take the Heels
rJ much down without hollowing the Quarters,
ap Pare the Frufh flat; for all Florfes whofe Heels
e Vfiry much taken down, will not only never be-
, |^e Hoof- bound, but alfo they will have no Bleymes j,. Mch is an Inflammation occafioned by bruifed y °d within the Hoof, betwixt the Sole and tha tie Foot near to the Heel, where the Matter ga-
efeth, and caufeth the Diforders which are ex-
P^ained in the Second Part) and alfo the Sinews of j^T Legs will be preferved, efpecially if they be 5*°rtes which work in the Manage upon foft Wound. *°u muft alfo, befides this Precaution, never
Pen the Heels with the Butteris, as the Smiths do,
j10 Weaken the Quarters by preffing the Butteris
f .§e-ways forwards; they cut alfo the end of tha
aic* Quarter or Heel, and take it away even withia
a.n Inch of the Hair, and they call that to open
"e Heeh; but they are fo far from doing that,
FI 2 that, |
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ioo The Compleat Horfeman: or,
that on the contrary, they take away the who!
ftrength of the Foot, which fhould have been lef altogether whole, and which is done if you ope" not the Heels, nor with the Butteris hollow tW Quarters, but that you leave the Sole ftrong, aD let the Heel keep its full roundnefs: I fhall have;1 great many People againft me for maintaining t"1 Proportion, becaufe moft Perfons, at leaft all t*1 Smiths, fay that the Heels are to be opened; b^ that which they call opening the Heels, is down' right taking away the ftrength of the Heel, to weaken it, and put it in a condition to be foon Hoof-bound' But I would afk thofe Gentlemen, if their Horfe5 fhod after that manner do not become Hoof-bouno' for I daily fee thofe Horfes Hoof-bound whofe Heelj have been kept very open after their fafhion ; and j maintain, that of all the Horfes whofe Heels * have caufed to be taken down reafonably, and ar terwards mod, caufing the Shoe to follow the round' nefs of the Foot, juft to the corner of the Fi'uft>> and keeping their Soles ftrong, not one of them be' came Hoof-bound. The proof of it is eafie, and » you miflike it, take you to your old method again l but I am lure you will continue this manner _o* Shoing, when once you have made tryal of it j This which I affirm is grounded upon reafon, f°/ the Horn followeth the form of the Shoe, becaufe ic is more folid than the Horn, and forces it to follow" its fhape v/hen it grows: But if there be appearance that the Horfe's Heel will become narrow, then the fureft way is to fhoe him with a half Panton-fhoe, which is to turn the Branch of the Shoe in towards the Horfe's Foot, as it is explained in the following Chapter, for that fhoe will keep his Quarters in a condition to open and become wider; the Horn growing, the Heel openeth, and therefore cannot ilraiten, and fo the Foot will continue well-fhaped} for the Shoe which von put upon it will open tnc 7, Heel, |
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art I. PerfeB Far'rkr. 101
th^H ,ayfe e'ther the Hoof muft not grow, or
folio l WllloPen> for theSpunge of the Shoe muft than 1 roundnefsofthe Heel, and go no farther Sho • en<^ °^ tne Qi?arter' fee'nS tnen tnat the don} ^1Vedl 'he fhape to the Foot, as without all than • \d°th' and the Shoe takins n0 other ftape
Ho ^^h already, it being inflexible; and the anv^' y -itS flexioil'ty, being capable of receiving
aHal°frrn' itfollows neceffarily, that the Shoe being andf ntonS!loe> muft force the Horn outwards, folio°-enlarge the Heel, which I fhall explain in the notjWlnS Chapter: But above all you muft take fay °e,.when you fhoe after this Method, that is to thV* (T1^ lla,f-panton Shoes, that you keep always e ^ole ftrong.
D °me people fay, that the Frufti fhould not at all th Pfa.red' becaufe when it is entire it keepeth out trul ^arters> andpreventeth their coming together; wj' PeoP,e fhould not make the Sole hollow be- parXt )he Frufl1 and the Quarters, but mould only is rV toP °f the Frufti with the Butteris; which at 1 ' t0 Pare the Frufh flat: If PeoP,e did not
con P"e r^e Frufh' there would happen this In. ft;n,V.eniency, that it would corrupt and become thepng> and f° breed the Teignes, (which is when had mouldereth away in pieces, as if the Moths Qui?ten ic' and lhilt ic Soeth the length of the
^11 f f°r then the itch"ing Pain is fo Sreat' that ic fi&n'c make a Horfe t0 halc: The word ^eif>ne Infi a M°th, becaufe when a Horfe hath that his pty' [t iooketh as if the Moths had gnawed
leav; ufh) befides that, there is no Advantage in tim ng it fo high: We conclude then that every fil0 Jhjttthe Foot is pared, the Heels and Frufti and hk made flac without hollowing the Quarters, s that for tiie jeaft ftraitning of the Heels, the the n§es flKndd be turned in towards the Sole, after manner of the Half-Panton fhoe, as it is ex- H 3 plained |
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I o z The Compleat Horfeman: or, ,
plained in the next Chapter, [See Plate 3. Fig«r/f ifr
and the Heels very fir from ftraitning, willl0 bly open and enlarge, ' r$ For thofe Horfes which are Hoof-bound, "tu
that you have pared their Feet, and left the j* e |
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extraordinarily itrong at the Heels, you muft ^
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o<
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Panton-fnoes, conform'd to the fhape of Fig-
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Plate 3.
I have called this Shoe the Panion or PantaUn r
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or
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to diftinguifh it from thofe of any other faihi°n
lhape. ^c Now to forge a Panton-(hoe, you muft make $
inner edge of the Spunge B, A,E, C, D,F, a gr at deal thicker than the outer edge IE, LF, fo c cC betwixt AG, and DH, there may be two or & x times the thicknefs that there is betwixt IP"? m LF, as you may perceive by the thicknefs °* -j Spunge AB, CD, fo that the Shoe rifes by Deg^ from G to A, and flopeth equally from A to F>,,,[ whole length AG, EI-, and fo you will find ^ f the inner edge of the Spunge is a great deal th^'p, than the outer, for the thicknefs within marked f^s is three times thicker than E-, it is the infide °' 0u Shoe, and that which toucheth the Sole which ^.j fee in the Figure •, but there muft be great \,g taken that the forefaid thicknefs AB, CD, °* .fly Spunge, diminifh always towards GH, as yo<J .,0c perceive in the Figure , and all the reft of the vg from IL, GH, round the Toe of the Shoe, be 4^ flat as other Shoes are, to the end that the ^°ore' Foot may reft upon it at eafe : That which is ^fiC fented to you by the Figure, is but the infide 0 jj Shoe next the Horfe's Foot, and the Spunges ft1 ^ be ftrait, or pretty near the other, that they ^ reft upon the infide of the corners of the Frufh' j; all the outfide of the Shoe, which is next theG^.jjei1 muft be quite flat like to another Shoe, anl? §gt you fhall have a right Panton-Jhoe for yourB°l'*e' (C Plats g, Fig, 10. |
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Shoe'nn6"1?^ when y°u P^ce the Spunges of this
<^ty ofrk1 r^ Cnd 0f rhe Hee1' which is £he Extre~ Qiiarter ft^arter' that the faid Extrem>ty of the Which 1 Upon the middle betwixt AE, DF, that rl 'S- floPing part of the Spunge-, but for all reft ", |nner edge of the Quarter AG, muft not ftrona Y Upon the So,e' although you kept it you 1? ?nouSl1' which fhould be always done when Peopled Ufe °f thofe kind of Shoes ' for' althouSh
reftino- d Prevent as much as poffible any Shoes time & Co° much upon the Sole, yet they are fome-
to reSftneceffitatedto fuffer this Shoe, of this famion, edo-e f tt:le upon the Heels, and even the inner J?rufl ot the Spunge almoft always toucheth the ftro ' therefore the Sole fhould be always kept y0u' I' Specially at the Heels. Afterwards anoint w'th 1 k's Feet, which are mod after this fafhion, fcrji ^.Hoof-falye before mentioned, or thofe de- am0 nm. che Second Part, and keep his Fore-feet rrjeth a ^'S moiftei'd Dung. If you continue this the H 'n^aHibly his Heels will open and enlarge ; too k ac ^r^» ^ y°u have weaken'd his Soles Sho much> may mean his Feet with thefe kind of -p. es> but his Feet will ftrengthen through a little ^.^e and Reft. Thefe kind of Shoes are not fitted Slufr "" a liccle Time and Pains' and £he Smith
eitl n0t ^e ^othful to put the Shoe in the fire again, the 6r ^° °Pen or ftraiten the Spunges, according as v e ls need for it, for that cannot be done at the an 7 hrft ; ancj tiiere js n0 Smith that is able to fit for 1 Cwo ot~ tnefe Shoes in lefs than an Hour ; £q the Shoe muft follow exadlly the lhape of the {^o0t' as well at the Heel as at the Toe; and al- thi ^ t^e 'nner EdSe °f the Spunge enter but the ^ CK.nefs of two Crown-pieces within the Heel, it intUe-rs not; for in a Month's time, the Heel open- to Will cover it all. When the Panton-Jhoes are for- 5 fitted, and ready to be put on0 they appear to, H 4 thofe |
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104 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
£hofe who are ignorant, very ftrait and narr^
the Heels, becaufe they follow the fhape of the j* . and therefore feem ridiculous to thofe who k not the good of them. e5 The Reafon why the ufe of thefe kind of ^ ^
openeth the Heek, and helpeth Hoof-binding'. y that when the Heel groweth, it is forced outward ^ the Shoe, becaufe the Spunge which is thicket great deal in the inner edge than in the outer, p \ clereth the Heel to clofe and tend that way, . ^ upon the contrary forceth it outwards, fothat e'1 u the Hoof muft not grow, or ofneceflity the f^uf muft enlarge and open, if the Shoes, be w> placed. _ ,j5 You muft continue the fhoing of him after
fafhion, untill his Heels be well fhaped and la.f» , which will be infallibly after twice or thrice fh0lJ^y do it at the Change, or about the fourth or fifth V ■ of the new Moon : The ufe of thefe Shoes is ad^ rable, in that they never fhift upon the Feet, D remain firm in one place, being kept fixed by thicknefs of the inner edges of the Spunges. , s A Horfe fhod after this fafhion, is many tirIL
unferviceable for a little time, which muft be all0,j cd him to ftrengthen his Feet, amongft his moifteIJ Dung. .J People muft not think to travel with thefe k* .
of Shoes, at the beginning when a Horfe is fhod ^L, them, and before he be accuftomed to them> .^ feeing they prefs the Foot, they would make j1 j halt: But they may take the Air upon a Horfe #* after this fafhion, make him ride in the Manage» do any other moderate Exercife provided it be "^ on foft Ground; and after the Horfe hath bee little accuftomed with thefe Shoes, he will not ft with them, although you travel him. j6 If you have a Journey to make with a ** v
that is Hoof-bound, but doth not as yet halt ^ Q$ i. *
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y^luft Perf'& F'rr'ter. 105
lhoe \^ n°t at all take down his Heels when you
other or' r uSn I heretofore ordered you upon rnuft k j°ns to do it; but on the contrary, you the Nfl ^ Heels as ftrongas poffible, and drive and naJ 0nly in the Toe, for the Heel being high there fr?w' y°u w^ not eauly get them driven your'H rer couldyour Horfe fatter it; and then deed tl' • W'^ travel with you as you pleafe: In- ing, ^ls Wl11 not be the way to help his Hoof-bind- beirio- '1 °n tne cor>trary, it will make it worfe, it you^ .y to make him perform his Journey that If
eth to?t!r ^orfe be fo ill Hookbound that he halt- is to ] ^r°und with it, the beft and readieft cure Which Je °ut his Soles, and put Shoes upon him the Sol -C *on§ Spunges: The way of taking out that rvfr18 ^lewn 'n the Second Part Se5i. 2. not but c°Urf ^n^ of Shoes, which I have been dif- Hee] °k °^ nelp» and w'^ through time open his Wherl • t^ac w'^ ^e 'n ^our or ^ve Months time; have h$ ^'s Soles had been taken out, he would vidin»e?n CUre<^ m thee Weeks or a Month, pro*' theS^i at y°u t00^ care t0 °Pen b's ^ee^s» when
tirio- • e Was °ut, by cleaving the Frufh, or by put- that h a Plate of Iron b etwixt his Heels, fo
a'und ma^ ^eeP them about two Inches further
Om- f j an they were before his Sole was taken theV '-hat by fixing that plate of Iron betwixt caufe ? Quarters of the Foot near the Heel, be- t"0o tn-e Frufh, which is ftrfcer than the reft of the itj a ' ^ill yield and open, and fo make the Heels don 0ndition to become large; but it is fooner to ci §ive a ftroke with an Incifion-knife, and fo ahrJftVe an^ open the middle of the Frufh down rriav t0 t^ie Pattern, to the End that that overture the rlv^6 t^e Putring hi of fome rolls of Linnen in She h -°f the Frufa (which muft be firft diPc m
calirig Charge) the more eafie to keep the In- cifion
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io 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or, ,
cifion very open ; the Sole will grow again, w ft
will keep out the Quarters ; the Shoe which ' ^ be made large, to anfwer to the Foot which ' -^ ready made large, will keep it fo, and the Bee, ^ growing will not ciofe or itraiten if the Hor' ,fl. right fhod. This which I fhew you is founde'1 \ on feveral Experiences I have made, which (ucct t0 ed very well with me; for the Sole beginning ^ grow will keep out the Heels; and if there be ° . ^ for it, you may afterwards fhoe your .Horft * Half-Panton Shoes, as in the next Chapter. There are ibme Horfes fo very ill Hoof-boul c
that although People have taken out their Soles> i £ they can fcarcely force out their Heels, to %ei\t$ plate of Iron right placed, which mould keep ^ % open and afunder; for thofe kind of Feet you o\ Qf when the Sole is taken out, force afunder theW.y at the Heels with the Nippers or Pincers, fo that forcing them, you may oblige them to fep^ue but there muft be great care taken in forcing , g Quarters this way, that you do not feparate ,c Horn from the Heel, for then you would caule . Horfe to call his Quarters. After you have l'x $ forced his Heels open with the Pincers, you A1 e. put in that plate of Iron, which refembleth f°lflp what the blade of an old Knife, which will &$ his Heels firm and open, untill the Soles grow aga jy and fo keep them out themfelves: But the abfol1^ ^ iliorteft way, is to cleave the Frufti down aim01. eIj the very Paftern, immediately after you have £alv out his Sole; and after that the Shoe is faften'd ^ and the Charge or Apparel for cure put up°nA.ej-s Sole, you muft fill that Clifc very well with ^>° ai, or rolls of Linnen, firft dipt in the healing ^i,l%t which muft be put into it at the under part °' to Paftern, and afterward tye all up with a clo^'1 gfl keep them fall, and keep always that clift very Pi' f |
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yni.il the Sole be wholly filled up again;
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j,,
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^. PerfeB Farrier, 107
it wilj1 y.0u^oeyour Horfewith a Half-Panton-fooe,
fhapeH v • ee^ become very large and well- terS) u' WJllc'} is eafier done than to force the Quar- tion'ed ^ ru ° u^e °f tr,e ^ate oflronabovemen- * » although that Method be.alfo very good. & CHAP. XXVI.
orjes which have Clifts in their Quarters,
JkSnly CaM FalIe~^arter^ are *° be -V v es which have cloven or Falfe-Quarters
I Ca][ ,u ^uft make a Shoe after the Fafhion which
1 ^ ^ Half Panton-Shoe, the ufe of it being good, Met]rC, e thought fit to propofe it to you. This Ff0 r°, °f fhoeing may alfo ferve for Horfes whofe c0m V^S"1 to dole and ftraiten at the Heels, for it the P near to tne figure of thz Pant on-Jhee, becaufe fa^ ^arich is turned upwards, which maketh the the Sh °^e t^at t'ie Panton-fi>oe doth ; but the fide of Caufe °ie nty,t to t^ie Ground is not tne fame, be- the ere is but one edge of the Spunge, to wit, Wher tru°ft edge, which toucheth the Ground; tVf ^ -^ under-fide of the Panton-fhoe is quite flat, ^tee'r ^ of Half-Panton-Jhoes do not force out the tke , *° fuddenly as the whole Panton-fhoes, and ^ ,e ore are good to be made ufe of at firft, to *fe *e Heel fpread. lt ^,le Shoe EF, GH, which is reprefented in the
be % of Plate 3. is a HalfPanton-Jhoe, which is to Qu . uPon a Horfe which hath one or moreFalfe- HeelterS' anc^ wnich conlequently hath narrow Brar,V' y°n muft then make, efpecially the whole than-' and a!fo the SPun§es FB' DH' ftronget*
gj>j 0rdinary, afterwards turn them up fo that A B, » maybe higher than the outer edge EF, GH,
lQ
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io 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
fo you will End that betwixt AB and EF, the ~!p,
will (lope outwards, alfo the other Branch ^ G H, will do the lame; and the reft of the ^ ^ FEGH, will be akogether flat upon the Grou° ^ an ordinary Shoe; for I here reprefent to y°u*$> inner fide of the Shoe, becaufe the under ,g of the fame Shoe, FEGH, muft reft upon ^. Ground, the whole compafs of the Shoe, FE^ -te Now in vaulted Shoes the Spunges are turned <\ contrary, for in them they are turned outward wards the Ground, whereas in thefe they are ^ cd into the Foot. i The Shoes for Floof-binding, before-mentio^ i
have the inner edge of the Spunges a good d.g thicker than the outer, whereas thefe have bothf edges of equal thicknefs; but the dexterity lS . turn the Spunges, fo as to give them a right fl°H ^ and to make the Shoe hollow or vaulted nextc Ground, a To fet on and fit the Half-Panton-Shoe, you A1 J
when you pare the Foot, keep the Sole ftrong ^\e Heels and fo fit the Shoe, that the middle °^ v Heel, which maketh the Extremity of the Qi£j, ters, may be fet juft upon the Spunges, FB, Pfv} always taking care that the inner Edges of the '^j, Spungesreftnotwholly upontheSoles, butalth0^,, they reft a little upon them it matters not; t ^ drive your Nails neatly, and fee that they be ^ thin in the Shank. ,^ When the Shoe is put on to remain, that is t°. L
when it is nailed and riveted, ** you muft pour ' .^ tc his Foot Tallow and Pitch molten together, ^p tc Hurds and fplinters of Wood above them, to ^ -\\ " all faft; and if you have the Oil of Bays, ic. xo " be very proper to put it alone fcalding hot' p his Foot, with Hurds and Splinters about it to * . it in, for it is iuch as we fhould have to pene^1 $ foften and ftrengthen the Sole, which People b*^ |
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m?1* Perfect Farrier. 109
'nethod^c? ^e enlarSinS of> hY the foregoing
thee p bh°oingv or pour Tar fcalding hoc into keer, f/0^ °r' without making uie of any of thofe* hinfaj et amongft his moiften'd Dung5/and let Which WaT|S ^anta thus upon it untill he leave halting, lefs. ^J' he within four or five Days, more or atthVr ^uring that time always anoint his Hoofs perhar, ?ronets with Hoof-falve; and although he Falfe.Q ha^ted before, becaufe of the pain which his metllfS^arter or narrow Heels gave him, yet this |
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give 1. °^ booing will, from that time forwards,
folder a Cafe: The Falfe-Quarter or Seyme .will will ^ c^oi"e UP to the very Hair, and the Horfe |
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tlleBuf°Ver' butif this Method of mooing do not
the Q, Itle'sJ haverecourfe to the Second Part, where krlv ► res °?Semes, or Falfe-Quarters are particu- ^eatedof '
of j^ ""5 are fome Horfes, efpecially your light kind
°0e ft j' which have unequal Heels, fo that the Pereeiy^th nigher than the other, which is eafily ftern. ~**> by looking to the Heels juft at the Pa^ ^al<e" J^re is no other help for them, but to ^an(on^lof tllis wayof sliooins w^11 the Half-
tlie Pr (V^' or to take out their Soles and cleave
&°Weth to the very bottom; that fo, when it cqiia] 1 -UP aSain» y°L1 may 'cceP tue Heels at an
le!ght. |
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CHAP,
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no The Compleat Horfeman: of)
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CHAP. XXVII.
Of Shoeing Horfes who/e Fore-Legs, from ^e \^f
to the Coronets go in a jirait Line, and w. J as if they were all of one piece; as ^J J<, thofe, isohofe ~B aft em-joints bend fo far fo^ that they appear to be diflocate. THere are fome Horfes, which when thef ' \(
ftanding in their natural fituation, have jc Legs from the Knees to the Coronets in a . <r, Line, which muft be recovered, either by Sh°e w( or, as I fhall fhew you hereafter-, and is dd1 ^ taking the Heels very much down almoft t0vjgl> Quick, without hollowing the Quarters; ~jp will force the Sinew to ftretch, and the Pa^ M joint to retire into its Place. If, when you '„ti down the Heels, the Leg falleth not far e0° p back, and that the Horfe continueth to c&rt]j$ Pattern joint too far forwards-, you muft then °.;^ the Shoe go beyond, or exceed the Toe half a jn ger's breadth, and it muft alfo be made thic'^f ,,, that part than in any other: In the mean t! $ while you give him this kind of Shoe, anoin $, Back-finews of his Legs with the Ointment of $°J' Ointment af Marfh-mallows, Ointment of ^°X$ on, and Honey of each a like quantity mix^ ^i (which is called the Ointment of Montpelief-$ defcribed in the Second Part,) to make the *\ (C finews ftretch the more eafily, and bring l^,0$ that Condition wherein they ought to be: y\¥ which have high Heels are more fubjecT: to t'; firmity than others. ff When the Paftern-joint goeth out of its p&c^' $
bending too far forwards, you muft take d°^ fje's |
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rti. Per feci Farrier. in
and o-' ^tothe very Quick, without opening it,
his T VC a ^10e which muu: appear all round jeo ?e' tWo Fingers breadth without his Foot, as
Bad-r 0rdlnarily ftoe the Mules, and anoint the Pelier f^ °f h'S Le§ with the Ointment of Mont- \?hich V°r th'S Way of Shoeing ftretcheth the Sinew, Svveij, ' l0!ence w°Lild wrong it and occafion fome ^ent n§' lf it: were not affirted by fucl1 an °'nt~
the pa-S t^'s' which hath the Virtue to take away carried and foften ic'' and a!fo at firIt' when he
him t^eie kind °f Shoes, it is proper to walk to ftip ancMown in ones hand, to affift the Joint traVe] \lni° lls r'ght place again, and not at all to Sinew \lrn hi hilly Ground, for in going up-hill the the £[ w°uld ftre-ech fo much, that I affure you ftret ,0l'e would halt for having had it fo violently let his s °n a fudden- You muft therefore at firft a*id n ew ftretch by degrees upon plain Ground, t%ethrtly alfo in the Stable- BuC if the Joint be al"
ofbjt "r1! advanced, with difficulty will he be cured fllev/ ll be not '°y cutting the Sinew, as I fhall
the p ll hereafter, a little lower than the Ars fas
of e ^'^ call it) which is a Vein upon the infide.
the # /0re-Thigh, a little below the Elbow, call'd
and by common Farriers the Plat-
to th pr*"es which have their Legs from the Knee
Wveri 0net in a ftrait Line, and alfo thofe which Cover ^ Patterns already caft forwards, do not re- y0u . y the method of fhoeing, which I have fhewn, ^hjjpL U then have recourfe to a manual Operation,. H|cl aPPeareth dangerous, but is not: To perform are c Welk you muft obferve, that Horfes which beer!3£Creamly troubled with thofe Infirmities I have the ^mentioning, have a Sinew, or rather Mufcle, ac Her»'\0r Plat-Feins, and a little below the place to tu ^hey bleed Horfes in that part, which is near lniertion or joining of the Fore-Thigh with the
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in The Compleat Horfeman: or,
the Shoulder: That Sinew or Mufcle is abo^ jj
bignefs of one's little Finger, very much ftretC l6 and ftiff, and' lieth ftrait up and down all alor>S ■ ^ Leg: Now, it is that Mufcle or Sinew •«& maketh the Motion of the Paftern-joint, and be ftretched after this fafhion keepeth the Joint wards, and hindereth it to be in its ordinary j /g ation, a certain token that it doth fo, is that ^ g(j Horfes which have neither of thefe two fore-n'<in' t Infirmities, have not this Mufcle ftretched, a, quite covered and hollow, fo that People with ficulty can find it out-, but in thofe who havethe J this Mufcle is found at the very firft feeling? a' y it appeareth clearly to be ftretched, and not as• .^ |
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rurally it fhould. Having found out his Mu
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ifio"'
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which is eafily done, you mu ft, with an Inci»uer5
knife, open the Skin downwards, four Fi^S^ breadth below the Ars or Fore-Thigh Vein, the" j the Mufcle or Sinew quite through crofs-ways, n? at one cut, but by degrees, then turn your Incib . knife to the other fide of it, and perfect the cxitl\(l of it by Degrees and not all at once, although). muft at laftcut it quite through-, and after it is a° •. wafii the Wound with Brandy, and put Salt iij 0 and work the Horfe after he hath no more Swe'1'1A where you cut him, and that the Wound is be* \ up; and thus the Paftern will fall into its n&t° $ place by degrees, and if the Operation hath by dexteroufly performed, the Horfe will bleed but v ^ little, and the Wound will alfo heal up of its ° j, accord-, there are fome very fenfible Horfes ^ ui will be eight or ten Days without lying after jg Operation, but People muft not be furprized a; $ feeing there is not the leaft hazard init:SometJ,jef People in making this Operation, through c*re.ey nefs, cut the Ars or Fore-thigh Vein, when l. ^ have made the Tncifion too near the Vein, and ^ the Horfe will bleed very much, but there is n°\t$ |
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.Part I n
^aftd' . Perfr8 Farrier. n5
then ft0° , ,n It-> Jet the Horfe bleed fufficiently,
Rabbet o H bleedinS bY fillinS the Orifice with ^kin in f are"w°ol, and afterwards fow up the Matter Z° ?arts'' there wil1 be gathered a little ays the U r &' :'fing fhe Wound in eight or ten er- Bef0 ie will be healed, and fometimes foon- Hee]s{j;roe [hat this Operat ion be made, the Horfe's [hod. wi^L p, 1:}e very much taken down, and then him carrv h ^-fhoes, as the Mules are, and let Operatj *~e Shoes three or four Days before the f°hern!n',and alfo walk ab road with them, that
^all n '7 be accuftomed to th em; after which you CUr'ty tf?''m t'le Operation. And for the more fe- at'^ei at ^0u may noC cut the Fore-Thigh or Ur Fin2' ^°U mu^ be *~ure to make the Operation tr>e Q &ers breadth lower than the Veins: Thus • n> rra,tIon will have more effecl upon the Pa- ^Sht'of ahr° you will not cut the Vein, and in ^°Urid I?*1 ^ays the Horfe will be recovered, the ^'tion t a'ed up, and he will be in a better con- Peop^ travel than formerly.
5ve X e. make the like Operation upon Horfes which
*lng theClr ^ftetns altogether caft forwards, by cut-
breadth higher than the Knee,
«rft cV lhe Fore-Part of the Fore-Thigh; they
i and a ^iln above the Sinew, which is very
o n th etched upon the Fore-part of the Leg,
°ats p/ rar^e the Sinew with a Shamoys, or wild
^W; afr0rn> by putting it quite beneath the Si-
^On.j, ^Wards they cut the Sinew with the In-
fc theV-J!e 4u>te thorow to the Sbamoy-horn, they
hx ^j^°und with Salt, and put Hurds orcourfe
behind lnto warm Turpentine above it, and
k°r to k r r^e ^°r^e t0 CQme ac ^ with his Teeth :
°Ut w feP the apparel faft, they wrap the part
°f Prgfjj""h a Cloth, which muft be fewed, for fear
^*ke |tn§ the Horfe's Leg too hard, which would
iwell j then they leave him in that manner
I «nd
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ii4 7he Compleat Horfeman: of, ^
and drefs him not for fome Days, but they "> -fi
him the very-next, and anoint his whole Leg ^ the Duke's Ointment, defcribed in the Second * uC and continue it every Day for eight Days > J Horfe, during that time, may be walked np . to down in one's hand, and the Pattern will faH w. its place, fo foon as ever the "Wound is healed ^ This Operation is more difficult than the ^°r..<jC and fucceeds well enough with Horfes which ^ fg their Paftern caft very tar forwards, and as rt jo quite out of its place, which maketh the Sine ~ ftretched, that it is quite raifed from the ^ e Thigh, and very much advanced, yet it is . ^ without trouble or hazard: But if a Horfe be ^ in a ftrait Line from his Knee to the Coronet? '0i that the Sinew, we have been difcourfing of, ^ c|r much raifed from the Bone, and exeeflively f-r^0(jf ed, it may in that cafe do prejudice; as I faw it d j,e to a Horfe, which had one of his Legs iron1 ■,, Knee to the Coronet, only in a ftrait Line, ar!j eti the other the Paftern was caft quite forwards; the js, in which the Paftern joint was quite caft for^1 ^ the Operation fucceeded admirably well with rt> .; the Sinew was very much detached and ele^f1 j^e but for his Leg, which was only in a ftrait ^ 0t from his Knee to his Coronet, the Sinew wal0i^ altogether raifed from the Thigh, and fo the F1 was two Months recovering. t|/ Now People run not that hazard in making gfs
other Operation, which is performed four F'^r breadth below the Fore-Thigh Vein, for it c^^t ver do any prejudice, although the Sinew be ,» very little raifed and advanced-, therefore &c%, > Horfe have his Paftern-joint quite caft forvv<ar. 0<i& would not advife you to cut the Sinew a little a the Knee. This is enough upon this Subjecl- |
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art !• Per feci Farrier, 11 y
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CHAP. XXVIII.
Of Arched Legs.
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Yl^Hen Horfes have Arched Legs, or their Legs
are a .ndlng forwards at the Knee, when they alf0 g in their natural ficuation, People may Ho fUt: ^ aDovc-mentioned Sinew as they do to
C0r W^cn have tneir LeSs from the Knee to ^
the o?et }n a ftrait Line j and if they begin with ti0n °eing, as I have before ordered, the Opera- fee k ^cceed well; for after all is done, you will of w,0w neat the Legs will appear in companion the sk -tJley were before: You are t0 beSin witn
pa °^'ng, and you cannot in Ihoeing of them Co thcir Heels too low, that fo you may force and ma?Pel the Sinews to ftretch: At firft when you ivitLe. ufe of this Invention, the Horfe may halt f0rn 1£> but you muft anoint the Back-finews with fyo e foft'ning Ointment, fuch as the Ointment of tbeR Cr' delcribed in the Second Part, and anoint ed tl!neW? tw*ce a ^ee^ w'cn lt-> having firft warm- Ojllt. Sinew by chafing it with your hand ; this an(j fmer": win foften the Sinews, take away the Pain, If °r ntate the extenfion of the Nerves.
told r naving taken down the Heel, as I have wquih°u' tne ^es be not *n tnat c011^'101^ y°u
Kne wim it:' being fti!1 very much arched at the Hid' you muft tnen malce for n'm a Plancn-moe>
■j- h muft g0 beyond, or exceed the Foot at the Htji tw° or three Fingers breadth, and rife alfo a
then t0Wards the edge; fallen it upon the Foot, and let i .atl°int his Sinew with the forefaid Ointment; *U vlrn ^and a^ter tnaC manner, only walking him fli<wU.r nand every day about an Hour, and in a time you will fee the good efFefts of ic, I 2 If
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116 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
If neverthelefs it produce not that effect V-jV
you might expect, then cut the Sinew a l;tue \ low the Ars or Fore Thigh Vem, as I {hewed 1 ^ before ; and if that makes his Legs fwell, as it ^°?'^ times doth, be not furprized at it, but anoint "j with an Ointment made of Populion, Honey a y, black Soap, of each an equal quantity, mixed v j well cold with a fmall Glafs full of Brandy, a,. continue to walk him every Day in your B*n jj but you muft obferve never to cut that Sinew, ul) j you have firft taken his Heels very well down, a . then mod him with fhoes which exceed his F°ot>0f the Toe, as thofe do which are made ufe of Mules. |
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CHAP. XXIX.
,u
How to Jhoe Horfes which tread only upon l. 'Toes of their Hind-feet; as alfo thofe which "i or fumble. SOme Horfes tread upon the Toes of their Hi11.]
feet, without refting upon their Heels at ^ Young Horfes are not fo fubject to it as old, any- time it becomes incurable. You are therefore ,gJ practife upon them a part of the Cure for Hoj" y who have their Pafterns bending forwards as if $ were out of joint. People ordinarily begin with g king down their Heels very much, and then J ^ them Shoes a little longer than the Foot at the T ^ and anointing well the Sinew of the Hind-leg, ^ Horfe in a fhort time will recover: But you f^ continue to take down his Heels extraordina1"'^, and keep his Toes very long. Alfo, if it be, ti&i fary, you muft make the Shoe exceed his Toe ■> ^ the fureft way is to make it exceed his Foot at Toe an Inch or two. rfo |
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part. I.
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PerfeB Farrier. 117
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him qu;r°G a ^orfe which itumbleth, you muft flioe
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^eToe'e r0ntrary to thofe which tread only upon
his T^or^eir Hind-feet: For you muft take down not m&tt T^ muc'h' andalfofiiorten it, that he may tJip-j-. ,„ io eafily with the Clods and Stones in the
|ft-Ways-
news tr Li e ■^or^es which ftumble have their Si-
Weak. ub-'ed, their Legs fpoilt, or their Shoulders than lh • rnu^: tnen have recourfe to another Cure Part- Ji,0ln»> which you will find in the Second Ify ^^eyoii have Receits that are all very good.
Hiuft r ,.r Worfe over-reach, the Spunge of the Shoe a fian p fhe Turn of his Foot. It is commonly yer.fCa°L ^eaknefs when a Horfe is fubjecl to o- is rid; u Wmch is when with his Hind-feet as he Peopu^' e overtakes the Heels of his Fore, Some PreVcnttUrn UP their Hind-feet-fhoes at the Toe, to is Ce . tfte ftriking off the Fore-fhoe. Though it ^orfe»ln che Rider is oftentimes the occafion of a ranCe 1 0ver-reaching; becaufe through his igno- by t| j: knows not how with his Bridle-hand and and c r Qf his Spurs, to keep his Horfe Together Vvhic^ Utlder h!m- lE
is true, that an Aftion
the W[S<:0nftrained cannot endure long, and far lefs fei2eti °le time of a long Journey, when wearinefs advertifa J?0rf"e- But a Man mould now and then ver-rea eK.ftis Horfe ; and if that prevent not his o- Heins aC?qn^' y°u mav t^ien freely fay, that he wants nH Strength, pr that he is quite fpoiled. |
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CHAP,
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}3
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118 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. XXX.
How to Jhoe Horfes which have been foun^'
in the Feet. THere are few Horfes that have been ofcnerf°l ,
dred in the Body than once, which have fome of the Humour, which occafion'd the F?. ^ dring, fallen down in their Feet; which will <r, e gure chem, becaufe the point, or that part of i Coffin-bone or Little-foot which is moft advanc.^ falleth down and preffeth the Sole, and the & ^ die of the Hoof above the Toe fhrinks in and r comes flat, becaufe of the hollownefs beneath iU.-1 |
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cafion'd by the falling down of the end of the - .
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fin-bone. And when the Bone of the Little
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hath fallen down after this manner, and Vrelj<
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the Sole outwards, the Horfe is then faid to have ^ ^
cents; although thofe Crefcents be really the Bon<r.^ the Little-foot, which hath left its place and fr1 u downwards, and the under-part of the Foot, t° J the Sole at the Toe appears round, and the ^u above fhrinks in. Neither can it be otherwife; .^ the Coffin-bone or Little-foot being, as I faid, fc1 "x down, and having left that place, wherein it is IM J empty, the Hoof at that place not being flippy by any thing, muft of neceffity ffirink or fall l°\ $ The fame happens to Horfes which have frjyfi
great Numnefs in the Coffin •, the Caufe of ^ m is almoft the fame as Foundring in the Feet, afl" M Symptoms the fame, viz. Crejcents; and fuch $*°^tf tread only upon their Heels, fetting down the11" r^y a pretty while after their Heel ; neither can reft upon any part of their Feet but the Heel'• ^ Now, where the Foundring hath fallen v0f
%o the Feet, or that there be a Numnefs in the ^ |
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A
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fi rt *• Perfeci Farrier. 119
a y. ? Jls. are a long time in recovering •, fo that
Ther ffS me wi'i produce but little amendment:
or t0 ef r,e the beft way is, to fell them for the Plough,
or n c Wno ^ve in a foft Country, where are few
"° Scones. the FVCr Pare a Horfe at the Toe that is founc'red in
ways f et> becaufe the Sole in that part mould be al- app CePt ftrong, to the end that, if there be any
com;'rance °f a Crefcent, it may be prevented from
d0wln<?.any greater length. Neither muft you take
k'nd" r'l^ee's much; for all the ftrength of thefe
fh0cj Feet lies in the Heels: Andfo foon as he is
^ithN-f °Ur *nt0 k's ^°*c ^ °^ ^ayes fcalding-hot,
"V\r V^Urds or courfe Flax above it, and Splinters of 0,.j • Co keep all faft, and continue to pour the faid eyP. nt0 his Feet, for feven or eight times, once lj> °ther Day.
tarrv^<?u take out a Horfe's Soles, you mould not Mien e three Months after his Foundring, and lh0l,i,^°u have out his Soles, the whole Crefcent of tL ^e fired ; that is to fay, burn the whole end av?av e •kittle-foot which is loofe, that fo it may fall filch'tr ^ think it far better not to take out ftr0nr^°rfe's Soles at all, but to keep the Sole always &' and pour into it Oyl of Bayes. |
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CHAP. XXXI.
Of Calkins.
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c
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^kins fuoi! the Feet, occafion Bleymes, which is
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»% r? brtiifcd Blood within the Coffin at the Heel,
°n th 1 ?ack-finews,, and make Horfes to tread up- Verthl S only of their Hind-feet, and trip. Ne- tpcauf " time of Froft chey are convenient»
lle Necejfity haib no Law, and it were better I 4- the
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i 20 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
the Horfe fhould fpoil his Legs, than the ^'
fhould be in'continual hazard of breaking his- When you are neceffitated therefore to ufe ^ l6
make the Smith to pare the Horn a little lovv.aji ^ Heels, and turn down the inner Corners oi , -y Spunge upon the Corner of the Anvil, and ft>ja >5 on a Ca/ifeiw after the fhape of the Point of a Ha t Ear, which will do little prejudice; whereas the g fquare Calkins fpoil the Foot. |
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CHAP. XXXII.
Hew ft> Jhoe Horfe s which Cut or InterfrC'
THere are four things that make a Horfe toc'■ ..
The firfl is Wearinefi: The fecond, V/eak^r his Reins : The third, not knowing how to n.Q And laftly, his not being accuftomed to Travel- ^ which might be added, his being badly or to0hi(i , fliooed. It happeneth more frequently behind ••"jj before, and is eafily helped by fhooing, efpecial'; the Horfe be young. y When People fee a Horfe which cuts himfelf, $ [j
Ihould not at firft Sight condemn him for it, ti(i $ they have\examin'd whether it may not have " ^ forne Rivet of a Nail which had occafion'd ic' $ that the Shoe too much exceeds his Quarters the infides.- 0i Every Horfe which after a long Journey hath ,^
cut himfelf, giveth a favourable Token and Pr°°f,er his Goodnefs: For there are but few, which? { a long Journey have not cut themfelves le's more. ,e It is eafily known by the Skin being cut up0n.w}
infides of the Paftern-joints, and many times ga itj to the very Bone, fo that the Horfe frequently *" with it, and hath his Paftern-joints fwelled. \\ |
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' PerfeB Farrier, in
^oesa H°rfe cuc before, take off his two Fore-
£oor ' 'ln<^ ta^e down the Out-quarter of each Shoe J^ muc.^' anc* P^ace t'ie Inner-edge of the his F ' •t '*■ may f°^ow exactly the compafs of the f-f0^' w'Cnouc any ways exceeding it towards I-Jeel ' ^nen cut tne Spunges equal with the that ', and rivet the Nails fo exaftly into the Horn, the Ij^ niay not at a" appear above it: Or burn low t,0rn w'tn the point of a hot Iron, a little be- riVet. af hole of each Nail, and then beat down and If t, m in thefe Holes.
tinu J.^ Horfe, after this method of fhooing, con- Inner t0 cut himfelf, you are tnen t0 thicken the rnav ^Uartei"s and Spunges of his Shoes, fo as they fide lble the thicknei's of thofe upon the out- niijpL always pare down his Out-quarters very ^aft ' CVen almoft to the Quick, without in the river t0uching thofe within : But be fure always to If h -^ails very juftly and clofe.
hiSQ Cut behind, unftioe him, and pare down Ctf/£Ut'garters almoft to the Quick, give his Shoes mav °n'y upon the infides, and fuch a Turn as ihape ^ .tnem follow exa&ly the compafs and in tri j his Foot without exceeding ic, efpecially ejCa<a, nner-quarters ; and above all, rivet the Nails t)jfQ y for one fingle Rivet will occafion a great If er' . '
tj0rj-not:withftanding all thefe Precautions, your
Inav c°ntinue ftill to cut, you muft (befides what
inflcj a'ready order'd) drive no Nails at all upon the Sh0e c' u5 only make a Beak at the Toe to keep the f0r f rm in its place, and continuing this Method inter?016 t'me' the Horfe will learn to walk and after H^ n° more' although he be afterwards fhooed |
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oj
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Useather or of an old Hat, about the Pattern
torn ' j^ are ma^e narrower at top than bot- ' and therefore are only made faft at top. O- |
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thers
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ill The Compleat Horfeman: or,
thers wrap about thePaftern-joint a piece ofShe "a
Skin, with the woolly fide next the Horfe» when it is worn out, apply a new one. rt;er If he cut through Wearinefs, there is no ®c, p
Remedy than giving him Reft, and feeding well. |
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CHAP XXXIII.
Of Purging.
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P
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Urging mould never be attempted without $ y
neeeffity, becaufe Horfes are eafily inflaj11^ |
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and require a great quantity of Drugs to purge t° >
which cannot poffibly be given witl out impi"10 ,i\y a ftrange heat in their Bodies, not ioon exting11 j', ed. And the Medicaments being commmonly \ (o ty four hours in their Bodies before they beg10, .f operate, muft, during that time, over-heat or A fome of the Parts. So likewife there is great ^ ger from miftaking the nature of the Difeafe*^ purging them unfeafonably. For Example-, i«J jt heat of a Fever, and in the pains of a Cholic^' e, would be very improper to adminifter a Purge? ^ caufe thereby a Man will foon have cured his t* of all Difeafes. nJ Some Medicines purge only by lenifying -A
fweetning ; fuch as Oyls, Greafe, and Butter,vV 0{ by greafing the Guts, facilitate the evacuate0 ^ the Excrement and other Humours. Others '^m by their abundance of Moifture do fo {often.,fi Humours, that they glide along with them , 0i as Whey, the Decoction of Bees, of Pellito^ jo the Wall, of Coleworts, of Spjnage, &c A*1 m- likewife Grafs in the Month of May purges by' \o ing and foftning the Humours, and caufing tne°, e\( pafs eafily through the Bowels, by reafon oi l ^\\ great humidity. |
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; *• PerfeB Farrier. 123
andexr- arP ar>d piquant things do likewife irritate
Salts ti c exPulflve Faculty; fuch as almoft all th*Re ^ °f Nettles'
and many others. But all
true 13 eme?'es are rather laxative and deterfive, than
^urgauves. T'Wef urSatives have in them a kind of Malignity:
Indifn Z6. never give a violent Remedy for a fmall
therbe IOn-. If PeoPle fail
in any fide, it fhould ra-
and if fJn &lv'mt-> t0° weak than too ftrong Remedies;
nothi l r^e ^° not Purge iufficiently, there is ar\d K ^ • Decaufe it hath difpofed the Humour; and n7l1-ei':e-rat'nS c'ie Purgation fome Days after, ceed vacing 'c a ht^e ftronger, you will find it fuc- meq-y **y Wejl. You lliould alfo confider, that a Re- ^°uld^KVen-'n Subftance, for example, in Powder, infUf j . given in lefs quantity than when it is only thr0u ln fome Liquor, and the folid Subftance QWn away. foeVe era% fpeaking, no Infufion of any Drug what-
ly . p. l" purge a Horfe, becaufe it paries too quick- UpQ 0r he is a Creature fo difficult to be wrought ftanc' at although a Drug be given him in Sub- fybef ^et 'C w'^ De twenty f°ur Hours in his Bo- |
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or n0 o?' paffes in five or fix, io that it hath little
fufi0n .e<-t> unlefs you give him the Drugs and In- |
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£mixt together/-
eafe ,'er purge a Horfe in the beginning of a Dil-
itied'v e-Cau^e the Humour not yielding to the Re- ^erm' 1S tnereby over-heated, and brought to a of ^ Ration, which Jncreafes the Difeafe inftead Qbfer^lni^>ng it: And fince in Horfes we cannot of b ,e,any certain fign of Coftion, and feparation tJrjrj * Rumours, which occafion the Difeafe, their Viti^u s being almoft always troubled, and not much Beiiye ]° °ne another, and the Excrements of the Vntij1 tj oft the fame ; therefore we fhould delay it ^e Horfe be recovered'- But this is to be only un- |
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i Z4 The Cample at Horfeman: or, ^
derfiood of acute and violent Difeafes •, f°r ^[ii-
the Diftemper begins once to flacken, then thf g \i mour which occafioned it is concodted, fe^1 jjj- caufes no longer any fymptom. And becauie ^ ture many times neglects to expel the HuniQu ^ has overcome, therefore it is that it muft be e %■ ated by purging, left it fhould fpring up a-ne rS) gain, and occafion a Relapfe: So that in te vef and other violent Difeafes, a Man fhpuld ^ «ji purgeaHorfe, neither in their beginning, nor they are at their height. . ti You are alfo, as much as pofilble, to i°' {it
purging in time of exceffive Heat or cold. P1^ you are neceffitated to do it in Winter, y°u 'flli then to keep the Horfe well covered, in a ^' ^ Stable, from whence he muft not ftir during ,^1 Purgation ; but if it be in Summer, then keep . in a temperate place, and when he begins to Pu \$ walk him half an Hour in one's hand, every ^ Hours, and continue it for half a Day, to affi^ to em^pty. a A Horfe that is to be purged, mould be K ^
four, five or fix Hours without eating befot* j,6 take it, and as long after. You may alfo, for L» more precaution, give him a Clyfter the Nigh1 m fore, which (hall be compofed according to tbe tureof his Difeafe. ., jt From the time he took his Purgation, un?,r/
have done working, (which will be about >-°m hours) let him eat no Hay, but take him frofl1, ^ Rack at the end of every four hours, and give about half a Peck of wet Bran. if When the Horfe hath done purging, you rrwjjj'
you will, give him a Clyfter, to perfect the e^ m tion of that which the Medicament hath not bx°f®$ away: After which you may feed and order W formerly. 0
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j *• PerfeEi Farrier. Uj
beaten aung of Pills, after you have broken and
^h t\J°v> ^IUSS courfly, mix the Compofition
the Wy. ° "0unds of frefh Lard, or for want of it,
ten anj clu.antity of frefh Butter •, and having bea-
fills - ^'xt all well together in a Mortar, make
HCnt, ut.the bignefs of fmall Tennis-Bails, and
a H0r le ^orfe has fwallow'd them, give him, in
his st ^ nie White-Wine to carry them down to
his K/r^, > and to take away the Bitternefs from
Tpvf°uth. it K c
c°Urflv l0r a ^rencn» you are a^° to ^eat them
°r Witl'^^ either to mix them with a Decodtion pf an n lne> and letting it infufe about a quarter ln§, v/i°kr' &'ve it to the Horfe early in the Morn- ^OurJ a Horn, after he has been tied up two IfVot0 theRack.
fio gl U mai<-e ufe of a fimple Infufion, which hath irig j ?J Effect upon Horfes, then the Drugs be- ^t 3v|iec^:a^ Night, the Liquor is to be poured off fot^e , .0rning, amongft which you are to diffolve C^jat •;'nd of Elecluary or Powder in a fufficient the Jj ^ * and when the Horfe has taken it, rinfe "With tor0 W't^1 tne remainder of the Deco&ion, or y^fli h'lTlt- and ma^e h™ fwallow it ■, after which its k ,^ tnouth with a little Wine, to take away Q Helifti, |
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CHAP. XXXIV.
Of Clyften.
infers are of fo great ufe for the Prefervati-
that w°\of aHorfe's Health, and curing of Difeafes, Cwe have no Remedy which equals them; for a ^ve, given in feafon will fave a Horfe's Life. r'felv nnd the exceffive beating of the Flanks, are ' »Uaycd but by the reiterated ufe of good Clyfters,
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ii6 The Compleat Horfeman: of7 ^
Clyfters. And if any time they make no ie. $&
alteration to the better, yet at leaft they refr'j $b give eafe; and never did Clyfter given order'vj0rfe according to method, prove prejudicial to any whatfoever. t of Common Farriers don't give above a QlJa, yfi
three Pints of Deco&ion in a Clyfter, wh^ j/ generally no great effect •, for befides that tri aj(<? quor is given in too fmall a quantity, thw ^ fpare Drugs, and commonly mix nothing ^'^ $• Decoctions, but faked Water, Honey, aIJ-,lJjft5 I think a Clyfter ftiould have two or three ^^ of Decoction, or elfe it will moiften and ^ $p little : For as a Horfe drinks ten times niore .^& a Man, and that People give alfo twenty i( more than the Dofe for a Man to purge ^ rve follows that the fame proportion ftiould be ob* for Clyfters. . p<> When you intend to purge a Horfe by ~dPr
put no kind of fat into it, becaufe Oils and ^A° adhere to the Inteftines, and fo hinder the etf ^ |
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the Purgative; but rather ufe Common-Salt, S&' j
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iff
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Pol-jcbreft, or warm Urine, all which prick a^ii"'
tate the expulfive Faculty: Whence it is that „\fi trey-Farriers make commonly their Clyfters y$ Water in which Cod-fifti or Herring haV^ m * fteeped •, which by reafon of its faltnefs, c^ Horfe to empty well. jyl^ To make a Clyfter fomewhat Purgative, 3
may infufe all Night in a proper Decoftio1")/ Ounce of Sena, and next Morning giving it* boil, ftrain it to make a Clyfter. ^<0fi A Clyfter ftiould not be given till the V-fiT
great Gut be cleared of its Dung, which"'w$> < riers is called Raking. Caufe fome body wh° $ fmall hand to anoint it with Oil or Butter' [ l< thruft it up into his Fundament, taking care u r fcratch the Gut with his Nails, and draw *° f"1 |
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the r» * PerfeB Farrier. 117
otherwY§ u Can conveniently bring away. Or
'arge R6 , ^ UP 'nto K about the bignefs of a to maken-S ^^ °^ Caftile-Soap, anointed with Oil after Wk* ^ enter with more eafe •, half an hour this yo C^e Horfe will empty ; fo that ufing do ;ty fUJ}eed not Rake him, becaufe the Soapwill
him r^Ulficiently of it felf. Having thus caufed Wer tK111^"'^' P'ace ^'m w'^ n's F°re"Parts a ^'ltz^Q
dai^g an n's Croup, and thrufting into his Fun- frnaj| a Horri made for that purpofe, open at the friyfj. , nc!> pour into it by degree the Clyfter, which tiorn''6 . "k-warm; and if it mould flop in the ^Orfg W|tnout paffing down, you are to make the gentlv rT?°Ve his Tongue, and then ftrike him Hick Wltn the palm of your hand upon the Reins, the <$f 1, make it enter: This done, put him into ^Ovin . aga'n) tied up to the Rack, without PraQ; ^ ^ afterwards, contrary to the common Clyp.Ce.°f Farriers, who walk the Horfe while the Ic isr lsryet in his Guts,
^clc ° ^c that your Florfe be tied up to the loty ?|0 hours before his Clyfter, and that he eat helw, ^e hath render'd it, or about an hour after § taken it.
^ake u c wa^ thsh' Horfes after a Clyfter, he re • ni render it too foon, whereas it fhould to jte lne_d a reafonable time: If he could be made etttr; 1C a full hour, it would be fo much the Purp0r' .arid therefore a large Syringe made on ^•Ceiv C -'S better than a Horn, becaufe the Horfe take s 't better, without fo much as needing to be fecC|v.0ut of the Stable, and being lefs moved after too f0n§ 't, he v/ill have the lefs caufe to render it ^Un^°n' *t fignifies but little to ftop a Horfe's ^der h-ent with Hay, or to tie down his Dock, to thQ(js lm from rendring it •, for none of thefe me- ^e haY Prevent him from voiding his Clyfter, if an inclination to it. CHAP.
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128 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. XXXV.
Of Blooding Horjes, and Precautions to be o<
ved therein. BLooding is very profitable for curing of FeVjL,
the Farcy, Mange, Strokes of all forts •, for " fluxions upon any part of the Body, the EyeS, Q cepted ; for the foundering in the Body, Vertig Head-ach, and many other Difeafes. i,. The firft Reafon for Letting-blood is Plenil^ j
which is when the Veffels are fo very full of B'° , that they can fcarce contain it without burfting' that there is more Blood than is needful for the tertainment of the Parts, fo that Nature cannot v vern it: Omne enirn nimium Natures inimicum. u The fecond Reafon is, the exceffive heat of „
Blood: In this cafe blooding refreihes and appea the boiling of it. jjS The third Reafon is, that we ma1) take aivtij ,,
corrupt Humours contained in the Veins, which their Putrefaction can produce but bad effects: %'°l u fore Nature being eafed by this evacuation,
doth l
more eafily digeji the reft. A
The fourth Reafon is, that when the Blood >J m
not Liberty enough to run and pafs freely through, ^
Veffels, blooding gives it vent and fo facilitates its mot' j.
The fifth Reafon is, to make a Revulfion, M ^
tering its courfe, when it carries it felffrom one f&. p
another with too great impetuofity, and in too invS ^
bundance. Now in this cafe People endeavour j[
retard its Courfe, or to procure another t°
quite another way. fa
The fixth and laft Reafon for Blood-letting J
to give eafe and relief to any Part that is over-cbi hi
with Blood; which is performed by bleedins the t \.
afflifted. ?\°0
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' PerfeB Farrier. 129
for a]i x~j ettmg is neceffary, by way of prevention,
fhoiiid Ua which feed wel1 and labour little- Ic Hath ,one.twicea Year-
^nfeaf0 , , ° Ks Inconveniencies, when practifed ^P'rits 1 • ' ^or t'ien lt ma^e^1 a revulfion of the
ra'hear.W are tne fource of ftrength and natu- forthe ' an<^ a'^° Ca^es away the aliment appointed fore Con°Urifhment of the Parts. You fhould there- can enj1 your Code's ftrength, to know if he very Ure Blood-letting, and to confiderifhe be bg n., , *' for then he would have more need to ^°od UP ky good feeding, than to lofe his . Y " rarely "^ ^0T^st as well as old, are to be bled as
Pafs \^%. P°ffible. I fay the fame of fuch Horfes as geftea1 .e'r ^'ments without being concocted and di- Vinclio. k cn as thofe who have much whole and ^orte f °ats amongft tneir Dung, unIefs the freqUe , aHow them without chewing, which is ^orle are y°u t0 bleed cold and phlegmatick
C0r4n S' n°r thofe which work in an exceflive cold nor in any Country in great Heats or ex- ceed °lds, their Bodies then (landing more in pc . °e ftrengthen'd than weaken'd.
Ve;ns Ple commonly bleed Horfes in the Jugular ^ifeaf W^lcn ''e on eacri fide the Neck, for feveral ^reveeS-' as the Farcy, Mange, Repletion, and for Or Tr
frorr, ri es or Blows in the Eyes they take Blood p0 ^.Temples with a fmall Lance.
Keate , f^ead-aches, or for being difgufted or over- ViVes bY exceffive Labour, or for Colicks and the °penj' Y 'aave a ^a^ Lance made purpofely for 4jr § tne Veins beneath the Tongue.
heate', tor Cholicks, Vires, and being much over- 9ut re ' th.ey bleed in the Griftle of the Nofe, with- E^rding whether they hit the Vein or not. K When
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130 The Compleat Horfeman: ofy j
When a Horfe is difgufted, dull, haraffed' j^,
over-heated v they bleed in the middle of the * above the fourth Bar, with a Lance or fharp ^\ M If your Horfe lofe too much Blood by a " lJj
thus given him in the Palat, you are to r;U>e M Head very high, by tying a Cord about his L'P^ j Fore Teeth, as if you were going to give k1 Drench, and it will flop of its own accord. . ^j I faw once a Horfe that died of a ftroke ^
given him in the Paiat with a Horn, and the B1 .jjj could not be flopped neither with Vitriol, nor,\ir a Button of Fire, or any thing elfe they could 1 ply ; fo that the Horfe loft all his Blood and ^e I have fince fallen upon a Remedy that would * ]f iaved him, and which is but a Trifle: Take tl">e 10j' of a Walnut-fhell, and applying the hollow fi°f' 1 it to the Orifice of the Wound, prefs it a little"* ( upon it, and fo hold it for a quarter of an H° j after which the Shell will ftick of its own accCge' and fo flop the Blood, which perhaps no other medy could have done. jn For ftrains in the Shoulder, or the Mange q(
thofe parts, they take Blood from the Bafdi^' „ Fore-Thigh Veins -, but this is rarely done, and ^Qi it is, they do it commonly with Fleems, and with a Lance. ,S( For Strains and Infirmities in the Hams and Kfle Q(
they take Blood from the Patterns with Fleetf1 Lance. ^ For beating in the Feet, and Infirmities of ^
Legs, fuch as Swellings and Oppreffions o» y> Nerves, Horfes are let blood in the Toes with Butteris Or Drawing-Iron. c<r, For Cholicks, and fometimes alfo for the F^jl
the Veins of the Flanks are opened with a ^ Lance made for that purpofe. 1 js For Blows and Strains in the Haunches, Blo°
drawn with Fleeros in the flat of the Thighs. ■$$ |
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I. PerfeB Farrier. 131
■onc^t the Fever and P'Jrfinefs, they bleed with a
^ Lance in the Tail or Dock. ^rifi ^ a ^0r^e 's blooded, make a good large
Bl0o^e m tne Vein, that the thick and terreftrial is t0 J?lay be evacuted •, becaufe when the Orifice draw° T11' K is oniy the moft rubtil Blood that is
g0'0jn' *° lhat the bleeding doth more harm than the lJen y°U intend to bleed a Horfe' let him reft
let l- ay before, and alfo the Day following •, and Mthlm tied UP ear'y m the MorninS to the Rack,
aoit ^ ater oi" Combing, for fear of too much £b ating his Spirits •, then draw with a pair of the r^r thatft>ould be of a reafonable breadth for ^'ooH before given, about three Pounds of hoq and then leave him tied to the Rack for two
or Jc which you mall give him fomefcalded Bran,
Well llowing Mafli: Take half a Peck of good thenSr?Und Malt, and put it into a Pail by it felf; ^d f • a Gallon or five Quarts of fair Water, littl* K °n l^e ^ire, and when it hath boiled a ften ' ^Ut as much of it into the Malt as will moi- flat ^' working and ftirring them with a piece of ter °°d » after which pour in the reft of the Wa- it c'] and mix all very well together; then cover ^orf • atld Iet ic ftand two hours. When the
^aj e !s ready to take it, crufli and fqueeze the it hi Wltn y°ur hand as much as poffible, and give tle tr? t0 dr'"k Luke-warm. I fay, it muft be lit- or t 0re than Milk-warm ; and if it prove too hot tie ^°.^bick, you may rectify both, by adding a 11c- cold° ^ater to it, but be fure not to make it too Thn°V00 thin. Vvhici'S & is found to aSree weI1 WIth Hor)"es
fet d0 are mdifpofed or fick, and is therefore here
Wtl» the Author having given no directions
K 2 to
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132. The Compleat Horfeman: of, .
to make one, by reafon, I fuppofe, that Malt1
much ufed in France. ,..<*, The Germans gallop their Horfes before bleed, j;
to the end, fay they, that the bad Blood, wh^ ^ as the Lee, may be mixed with the good, anfjer> both drawn together. But they fhould con'1 ^ that Blood is not with the fame tranquillity l!? fi Veins, as "Wine is in a Hogfhead, whofe Lee llC, } bottom. And if the whole Mafs of Blood in.f/ Horfe's Body, being about fifty Pounds, does v culate through the Ventricles of the Heart in at,j; fix Hours fpace, 3s Experiments have difcover , it will follow, that there is no need of any ^°\u agitation, but on the contrary, the Horfe fhou^ Q{ kept calm and quiet, for fear of lofing too man; his Spirits. 0[ Thofe who are very careful of their Horfes, p^
only let them reft on that Day wherein they .* bled, and the Day before and after; but alfo & 6 them only Bran inftead of Oats on thofe & Days. .* In taking Blood you are to regulate the qua11: 5
according as your Horfe is a great Feeder, an^ jc his Veins are full and ftretched, and accordingly^ iffues forth with violence; having ftill regard to ,( quality of the Difeafe, his Strength, Age, and' Seafon. J It is a general Maxim, that without very %°p
and preffing Reafons, a Man fhould never 1^;$ great evacuations by Blood-letting, becaufe the"- ^ made by it a too great diffipation of the Spirits* .g alfo Crudities formed in the Veins, which are origin of feveral Difeafes. |
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CH*'''
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*• PerfeB Farrier.
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J33
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CHAP. XXXVI.
Oil} in ' J
0 judge of the Quantity and Quality of Blood.
J\ h°5 it is not the common practice of Farriers
eVer ij°.receive a Horfe's Blood into a Veflfe), how- be arji ls v.ery neceffary, that a Man may thereby ^ q t0 judge of the Quantity and Quality.
Bl0oV4lart of Water weighs about two Pound, and f0re fi j? near of equal weight with Water: There- contj try k°w many Pounds of Water the Veffel 0^ar s> and when you know how much Space two Spar S • ^ater will take up in a Veflel, the fame ObfWlli b£filled wkh four PoLinds of Blood.
Jm-rj CrVe l^lt run tralt-nly and flowly, and without HentU°^t^-; as a^° ^ lt c'eave t0 your Fingers
that" ^-°u.touch it, becaufe if it do, it is a Sign ^he fS v^Cous' and aPc to occafion Obftruclions: frer, re in that Cafe you are to bleed your Horfe JMy-.
^flel ^'lc^ froths much when receiv'd into a
tati0n at a Pretty diftance, betokens heat and agi- that °t Spirits -, from whence People conclude, J^0 '• n r^e is over-heated, either by fuperfluous that , .ttient, or too violent Labour •, orotherwife, lh0 |,e ls of a vigorous Conftitution : Such Horfes V?ay cf ~^ let blood at leaft twice in the Year, by Wh evention.
dra.w en -^lood coagulates foon and eafily after it is %n t'h an-^ 'lat^ a Sreat many Fibres in it, it is a if'itvv-at ^3 fubftance is thick and terreftrial •, but (ubtjjltl1 difficulty congeal, then it is more fluid and hetJ e Blood be very ferous, that is, watry, ic
on j ve!Js aWeaknefs in the Reins, or an Obftruai- tne Veins. K 3 Blood
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134 Tt°e Compkat Uorfeman: o¥-> ,t,
Blood whofe fuperficies is yellow, but blaC Ajje
neath, betokens a great deal of Heat, and th* predominates. mI Blood full of Phlegm and Water, is a fig0 ^d
the Horfe is of a cold and moift Complexion n j he mould be very feldom let blood except UP neceffity. j^ps Blood of a plumbeous or earthy colour, bet° ^c
that a Horfe is Melancholick, and fhould be feldom bled. The Blood of Affes is of this co^ In a word, if the Blood be very red, it is a vl
it is good; if yellow, that it is bilious-, if pa'e£ is whitifh, that it is not well prepared, and that charged with Phlegm •, but if it be livid and gr ifh, that it is melancholick and terreftrial. . fg< To judge of the Quality of Blood after it s%.j,
ceived into a Veffel, you are to fet it in a V'0' where the Sun may not dry it, and without e*' fing it to Smoke, Wind, or Duft. tS If Blood will not congeal and fix, it is * %
the Horfe is full of bad Humours, andftands in ° (o of reiterate bleeding, and fhould be purged a" jf take away thofe corrupt Humours, which by c ^ Putrefaction over heat the Blood in the Veins* , 0[ thereby are the caufe of all Difeafes. This k'n j>s Blood is the worft of any, and fhould therefo^ ^ evacuated ; only take care to do it by degrees? not too much at one time. yt When the Blood is vifcous and thick, f°, ce|y
when you break it with your Fingers it immecha d rejoins and continues firm, it denotes Plenitude' that the Horfe fhould be frequently bled. m, ' If you would judge of the Quality by its ^]j
that which is fweeteft is the beft and moft nat^r jf |
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if it be infipid, it is pituitous and phlegmatic14'm>
bitter, it is bilious and cholerick j if acid ar>o .jjj, tick, it is terreftrial and melancholick; but if $ then it betokeneth braekjfli Phlegm, ^jl |
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part 1. PerfeSl Farrier. i3 j
anH ^C'n ^°rfes ftand equally in need of bleeding
a purging, it is fitteft to begin with bleeding, be-
.ule it cools, and may thereby hinder the Purga-
°n from Naming the Humours : Becaufe for the
otc part, a purgative Medicament ftirreth up Hu-
'Ours, which it doth not evacuate •, fo that if you
jl0uld immediately take Blood, while the excited
trT°UrS are thus in agitation' tlie Veins would at_
a^ tr>at ftirred up Humour which was not evacu-
b]ed> and which being once in the Veins, is capa-
eT of fpoiling the reft of the good Blood.
Jn fine, Blood-letring contributes much to the
mUe knowledge of a Horfe?s Conftitution, and
c0re than any other evidence, whether of Mark or
Tj ,ur 5 alfo a Man may thereby judge of his
leaJth and Vigour.
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CHAP. XXXVII?
Of Bits. |
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T
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9 bit a Horfe is to give him fuch a Bridle as
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$j is mofl proper to gain his confent to thofe A-
£f you require of him.
Call 5e Iron which is put in a Horfe's Mouth, is ■l^ a Bit or Bit-mouth.
a ,a tlle middle of the Bit-mouth there is always an
is u fPacefor the lodging of his Tongue, which - Cn^ed the Liberty. " . ,
jr l he Duke of Newcaftle advifes to put as little
An,lnt0 a Horfe's Mouth as poffible ; and we in f+'&nd feldom make ufe of other than Snaffles, a p°a"mouths jointed in the middle, Canon with' r■ alJ-«iouth, and Canon with a Port-mouth either tioh °r Wed : But our Author gives a defcrip- cip? of fifty fix forts of Bits, and the Figures of jpteen of them in a printed Plate, moil of which
K 4 he-
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Jji .Pigeon
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Around or umon M ouirt-
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(VWfl
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Honinnle .
oatoA sfloMtb. tvilA.
'Houhh/ta /.i&s-rttr ■ |
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Ajrt/aut CT^unjile
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136 The Compkat Horfeman: or,
he fays, being very rude, and fpoiling Horfes M°ut!?g
are generally,laid afide : I fhall therefore defcrl. fuch of thofe Bits only, as are at prefent rnoft ufe amongft us: And firft, Of the Canon-mouth jointed in the middle. Fig-2'
This always preferves a Horfe's Mouth wr>° and found; andaltho' the Tongue fuftain the wb° effort of it, yet that part is not fo fenfible as tD Bars, which have their feeling fo very fine, tfl' they feel the prefTure of this Mouth through ^ Tongue, and thereby obey the leaft motion of ^ Rider's Hand: If then the Bit-mouth refteth who''/ upon the Bars, it would be a ready means to turn Horfe's Mouth defperate. The larger it is towarCl. the ends fixed to the Branches, the more gentle will be, becaufe it will thereby be fo much the le capable to conftrain a Horfe. It fhould be alway- held as a certain Maxim, that a Man fhould &a ufe of this Mouth to a Hqrfe as long as he can ; t^a is, if with a Ample Canon-mouth he can draw h"0lT a Horfe all the obedience .he is capable of giving? will be in vain for him to trouble himfelf to g1^ him another, becaufe this is the very beft of all. Of the Canon with afafl Mouth. Fig. 3.
Next cometh the Canon-mouth all of one pieCe'
and only kneed in the middle, to make a liberty >-°. the Tongue. This is proper to make fure tfl0 Mouths, which being too fenfible, ticklifh, orweaf' chack or beat upon the Hand. This Bit will n fuch Horfes Mouths, becaufe it refts always in otl place, fo that thereby deadning in a manner £Pa part, it maketh the Horfe to lofe his apprehenfi^ nefs, who in a little time wrffrelifh this Bic-mou^1' better than the laft, which being jointed in cl1 middle, refts upon the Bars unequally, fometifl1^ upon one fide, and fometimes upon t'other. ^ \ |
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* *• Perfect Farrier. 137
in ^ er^lefs more rude, becaufe it is not jointed
dexto .mic}d!e, but all of one piece. The greateft ^^^["•y ln f°rging this Bit-mouth is to project the m0ri , 1C a little forwards, thereby to give the £;,. ^ Piay to the Horfe's Tongue, and caufe the Bars ° \^ rather upon the Gums or outlides of the ' trtan upon their very ridges. J the Canon with #, Port-Mouth. Fig. 5.
m0u . 0rr--Mouth is a -Canon with an upfet of
hatj ntlng Liberty, which is proper for a Horfe that: eth it- ??0^ Mouth, but a large Tongue. It work* the T eue<^ upon the Lips and Gums, and becaufe ^ho i°nSue is difengaged, it will fubjeft a Horfe Ij- j atn his Bars high, and in fome degree fenfible. Wr ° exceUent ufe, and if well made will never C a Horfe's Mouth. . e Marion Mouth with the Liberty, after the Form
, of a Pigeon's Neck. Fig. 4. Vvu ;. a Horfe hath too large a Tongue, fo that
that lclcnefs it fo fupports the mouth of the Bit, £;&,"" c^nnot work its effeft upon the Bars, this W f fr ^''^ a ^t\e difengage his Tongue, and there- rea er the mouth of the Bit to meet with and the ^0ri his Gums, which will make him fo much Tu-01"? *'Snt uPon the Hand,
ufe fS 1S a'^° g00^ f°r thofe who fometimes make hurt' °n^ &e'n> becaufe they may pull it without thar 1°^ Bars, which cannot be done with Mouths have other kinds of Liberties.
Of • '^catch-Mouth, with an Upfet or mounting Liberty*
Thr ' Fi§'6,
taufe 1 are more ruc^e tnan Canon-Mouths, be~
ar>d a ^ are not fo^'y ^0 r°linc^ ^ut more edged> thac r5 Preferable to them in one refpect, which is, • triofe parts 0f a Canon-Mouth to which the
Branches
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138 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Branches are faften'd, if not well riveted, a^ ,-e»j
jec~t to flip,'fo that a Man is then left to his &° ^ Difcretion: But the ends of a Scratch-Mout" J never fail, becaufe of their being over-lappe"' nd are therefore abfolutely moft fecure for vicious ill-natur'd Horfes. pig'
Of a Canon-Mouth with the Liberty after Mr' natel'i fafaion. g
This is proper for a Horfe with a large T°%y
and round Bars; feeing it is not at all fupporte^ the Tongue, but only a little by his Lips. A ^ fhould take care never to work a Horfe wither Rein, fo long as he is carrying one of thefe :| Mouths, becaufe he would infallibly break and »f his Bars. ti\t Sir William Hope defcribes it in this manner: ^
*' is a Bit with a gentle falling and moving up tg ** down, and the Liberty fo low as not to hur5cjc " roof of the Horfe's Mouth ; which is the beft^ certainly for all Horfes which have any thing °<\. big Tongue, and therefore he recommends that . berty above all things in Bits, with the BranCp 6 la Coneflable. Plate 3. Fig. 6. fl, I fhall pafs over the reft of the Bit-Mouths ^
tioned by our Author, fuch as thofe with ^eiy. Balls, Melons, &c. there being no fuch rude " ^ Mouths now to be feen, but inftead thereof Pe°P jjow make ufe of ftrong and hardy Branches. y Some are of opinion, that there is no better t. j
to fit a Florfe exactly with a Bit, than to' ha^c -j great many Bits by them, and change them, u A they fall upon that they would have: But be fafc' firft to give him a gentle one, rather than a r^ ■ t and fee that it be right lodged in his Mouth; t/V k,. not fo high as to make him frumple his k'f ■'• «or fo low as to reft upon his Tufhes. |
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*• Perfect Farrier. 139
try t0 S done» caufe one to mount him, and let him
Vvil| kn t'le Horfe two or three fteps back: You and if uW as be *s g°'ng back if his Head be firm, Uiftan -G Per^orm " frankly, or only obeys with re- \vh;cj '* tnat fo you may give him another Bit, If ^ m.ay gain his confent.
him ai -nc^ne to carry low, you are not to give hian. r"IOerty for the Tongue, which will rife too Head rl0r r^at b^ tickling his Palat, would bring his Lara n between his Legs.
ways §e Curbs, providing they be round, are al- pr0pp'11^ gentle: Take care that it reft in its this tJ> ce' a little above the Beard' for
without
HiioF,,- Bit-Mouth will not have the effect you
*nt expe£t from it. |
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chap, xxxvm.
Of Branches.
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■*■ t-iT Brancn 1S to be proportioned according to
Or ra;r e defign a Man hath either of bringing in, TlJUng a Horfe's Head.
Bran f Line of the Banquet is that part of the difcQ^ ^hereby we judge of its effefts, and which. I'ig ers to us its ftrength or weaknefs. See Plate 3. A n
at tu !"0ng or hardy Branch is that whofe Sevil-hole
the lj Wer end of it is placed upon the outfide of and 8 G °^ t^e banquet. See Plate 3. Fig. 4, 5, ^\
upo^f nt.le Branch is that whofe Sevil-hole is placed ^ he infide of the faid Line. See Plate 3. Fig. I.
Head 'de ar>d hardy Branch will bring in a Horfe's
Here' Pr°Portionably as it is more or lefs hardy •,
°f the^-3, Sentle Branch, by diminifhing the effect
Bit-Mouth, makes a Horfe more eafily to
bear
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140 The Cample at Horfeman: or,
bear the preffure of it, who before could ha
endure it. u The further the Branch is from a Horfe's ^.e j[l
the greater ftrength will it have in pulling, and .-a bring it bell in, provided it be in the Hands Perfon who underftands to make ufe of it. vC Short Branches are ruder than long, if they j1 , g
both of them the fame fhape and turn ; becaule effects of a long Branch coming from a Diftan . do not conftrain a Horfe fo fuddenly as a fh° which befides its great conftraint is alfo unpleafr^ ^ The Branch muft be proportion'd to the lengc,'
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a Horfe's Neck, and one may fooner err in
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fing one too fhort than too long. Yet after a
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obfervation, a Man fhall rarely fail when he fee ^
Branch, to be able to fay, that it is for a Hot^ which hath fuch a Neck: And when he fees & . jiny Horfe carries his Head, he will imm difcover what Branch is proper for him, becaule carries fo and fo, and hath fuch a Neck. I.
A fir'ait Branch after the form of a Pijtol.
See Plate 3. Fig. 1. '
This is commonly the firft given to young &°
fes, to form their Mouths, and make them to r lifh a Bit. II. Fig. 2.
A*Branch after the ConJiaMe of France'; faJhion'
This Branch is proper for a Horfe which fa a rally carries his Head well, and in as becorfli11^
poflure as poffibly he can,
III. Fig. 3,
A Branch after the form of a Gigot or Leg- ,1^
This is alfo proper for Horfes which natufa ^ c?a-;y well; and will prevent him from carrying when weary. ,_. IV. M°
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rt *• PerfeB Farrier. 141
A IV. Fig. 4.
T^- ?ranch after the form of a lent Knee.
aga;niS 'j* Proper for Horfes which arm themfelves \Vays. e Operation of the Bit, which is done two 1, g, , . .
that rh §lnS 'n f° verY niucn their Heads, &reaft e '°wer part of the Branches reft upon their
give ru°r ^ounters : ^he common Remedy is to re<^ifv .^orter Branches, which is fo far from therei nS lt:' ^at it conftrains them more, and lytu y°Dhgesthem to arm themfelves more ftrong- th0' tJ theY did at firft. Now this fort of Branch, Hot; f n inches long, yet is fo turned, that it can- Bran 1 °0r> reach their Counters, as an ordinary W j °t fix Inches long, becaufe inftead of pul- ly ^Q 0vvn their Nofes, as other Branches general- 2- Vl^ raiies them"
is, Jl nefecond way of Horfes arming themfelves, in f0 at when a Man would reftrain them, they turn
toucL ery tnuch their Heads, that they immediately
fe^g tneir Necks with their Chins, and thereby
for fur,tne Branches ufelefs. There is no remedy
With V ^ut t0 P^ace a Ball of Wood (covered
Heat) k 0r any other thing, to make it appear
hand tWrxt their Jaw-bones, upon the Chaul-
he pr°f the Bridle. The bignefs of thisBall fhould
the °P°rtioned according to the hollow between
Iittle ^er Parts °f the Jaws' becaufe were it too
if j,.' 1C Would be ufelefs and without effect; and rnuCL e too big, it would not only appear too other'. ^Ut wouhi a^° ^z ^"om one *^e t0 the
Ball : ^uc being fo adjufted, that the half of the other^ enter between the two Jaw-bones, and the Throa a.h° remain without, and meet with his that tk' lt wil1 then keep in its place, by reafon it def e hollow between the Jaw-bones ftraitens as lcends, f0 that the Ball cannot be diflodged, 1 hue |
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142. The Comtoleat Horfeman: or,
but muft of neceffity prevent the Horfe's arm E
himfelf. A Branch after the French Fajlnon. ^
All Horfes do not arm themfelves, but ma
carry low -, therefore the railing a Horfe's Hea° one of the moil difficult things we undertake, .jj caufe a Man may bring in a hundred, when he v not raife fo much as one. However, the two Br ches following will produce this effect, the ° more, the other lefs. The firft is this Branch after the French FaIhl0Jj
which is hardy about a third of an Inch at c Sevil-hole, and kneed an Inch and three quaff , at the Jarret or Ham, with the Eye of the Bra" a little higher than ordinary, to give the more f°' ■ to the Branch : It will therefore be proper farx'. ling a Horfe which carries his Head low, bepa the Sevil at the lower end of the Branch, inclin'J; backwards towards the Neck, hath borrow'd a f° . eient ftrength from the Ham, which is pretty mu , kneed in that part, to make it the more pow£r for raifing. VI. Fig. 6.
Another Branch more hardy than the preceding- , The former Branch would raife a Horfe's Hea -a altho' but little, becaufe it is only hardy at theSe\ about a third of an Inch, whereas this Branch ^ , two thirds of an Inch at the Sevil hole, and ab° two Inches at the Ham, and is therefore propeJL, e raife a Horfe's Head that carries very low: *. f |
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"""- »•»«"*« «l FU,t "* "-,,V- *"»»»-" VYIIH.ll « U1U"- <Q
advanced forward, more than the other part o> .
Branch to which it is foldered, is a great help t0 rt becaufe it augments the ftrength of the lower P t of the Branch: The Eye being of a good heig ,e will alfo give ftrength to the operation of- qC Branch, and the Shoulder which is fo turned as n |
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rt *• PerfeB Farrier. 143
t0Cr^raintoo much, will likewife affift the Branch
Mother »■ , , V1L FiS- 7-
Wrt»c£ which brings in a Horfe's Head more
l^i. . /&a» the preceding.
Sevil |S f ^arc^y about two thirds of an Inch at the
at th and natl1 a *"al*"e Ham; tnat *s' the Branca
m0aat Part is bruifed or fet forwards, fo that the
and tla anced part of this Branch is about an Inch
Th .cluarters-
it K -fc Principal effect, of this Branch is to bring in,
H^'n§ hardY to the very Sevil-hole: The half theg.auSments its ftrength, and the lower part of Jsfec|'anch which (lands inclined towards the Horfe's g0o>' IT1akes it to raife a little ; fo that it will be Hnd 1 , a Horfe which carries his Neck ftrait out, fuchlati/ therefore difficulty to bring in his Head to a becoming pofture as it ought.
littl 11S ^ranch brings in a great deal, and raifes but f0r j-' which is juft what we fhould make ufe of tl1(,j 5^ ftrait ftretched Necks •, becaufe by bringing and i/e ads verY much in, we oblige them to turn Arch t'le'r ^ra't Necks after the form of an them "' But fince it would be dangerous to bring het .to° much in, and thereby to bring their Heads &ra *c their Legs, therefore the lower part of the ^orf • 'S made to incline backwards towards the in ti es Neck, which raifes and places their Heads of; e ^oft beautiful pofture fuch Necks are capable 4 VIII. Fig. 8.
ryHcther Branch more hardy than the preceding.
part ■?, Branch is hardy about an Inch and one fixth l}arnof an Inch, and being equally hardy at the Carrv a,nd Sevil-hole, is proper for Horfes which W if Heads hi§h
enough, but thruft out their
is pJj. ^ a Man make good ufe of his Legs, as he
^Ulllng in hard a Horfe's Head, there are very
* few
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144 7%? Compleat Horfeman: or j r[J
few Horfes but what he will oblige to bring
their- Nofes. rrf Thefe are all the different ways that Horfes L^es
their Heads or Necks, together with the Bral1 proper for them. jfS Ic remains that I difcourfe of fuch Necks a tj,e
too Gender, and whofe Mouths will not enditf m preffureof the Bit upon their Bars, nor cpnfequ tft any thing of a firm Hand. I told you the Js Branch was proper for fuch Horfes, but Je > having no fancy to give fuch Branches to JoUr' $& Pads, they may make ufe of the fixth Branch? , ^ render it more gentle at the Sevil-hole by b^ *, Inch, which will make it proper for them. *\ j^e that the further the Sevil-hole is without the jj of the Banquet, the harder and ftronger the $f' fr is -, and the more it approacheth, or even c A& on this fide the faid Line, fo much the more g it is. |
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CHAP. XXXIX.
A Difcourfe of Breeding, and how to raife & I
and beautiful Race of Horfes. THE Goodnefs of Horfes depends much %,e
the truenefs of the Race, the Quality ° $& Grounds where they run, their manner of &e u$ when houfed, and the method of governing c while young. |,fs .Among all the Authors who have written ojj.„$
Subject, no one hath given fuch exact Inftn>- t(fl |
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as the Duke of Newcajlle ; but his Book being ^
fcarce and dear, and treating of many curious c*1' ?$ more proper for a Mafter in the Art of Riding jj< for a private Gentleman, our Author though 6 it lhould do fervice to the Publick, by prefent1^ |
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bft> with r■ of what he wrote on this Sub"
^eacjer w ,, °me Remarks of his own •, which the llle M^ ■ find diftinguifh'd by this Mark f") in
l'^ Barb ^0r^"e f°r a Stallion is a good and beau-
cities J?'- ?r spanifli Horfe, free from thofe Infir- l yes ^ ' are called Hereditary, fuch as weak b*d Fe'efav,ns» Purfinefs, Cheft-foundring, as alfo ?erfe<W Wlth lhis diftin<aion on]y>thac fuch In>
ted Her J- as happen by accident, are not accoun-
recutary.
Uth
^orfeAt Which ! have to fay againft the Spanifh
themrgi1S' chat they beget Colts of a lefs fize than them VCS' nehher do the Mares hold fo eafily to Wit]la„s to the Barbs : For of ten Mares cover'd l?oa] Panifti Horfe, the one half will not be with the StTr reas they hold fooner to tiie Barbs' ^
^ey a 0ns be fix Years old; for being younger I appP^e the Mares, k"" cyin °Ve not °^ cover'ng Mares in one's Hand, Tatute |them with R opes : For this Action of VVe> a ^^ be Perf°rrned with Freedom and Will. m not with Reluctancy, and againft their h Either ri t
^ecteafP ° * regard whether the Moon be in her
!'es be j °? Increafe, or if the other Celeftial Bo-
re to k h or fuch a Conjunction, as if Colts
NatUr ? begotten by Aftronomy.
K h th 1S tno^: w'*"e m ber own Works' amongft
bV fhe Z. §reateft is the Aft of Generation, where- in °f rh es each Species to continue it to the Jre is fo .W°rld: And we fee that this wife Na- ?e fuffer ClrcLimfpea in this Action, that although w ^at ""l^0 different kinds to mix by Generation, . ards &p ch proceeds therefrom doth not after- Ue ki^ner,ate i becaufe, were it otherwife, each °t Species would in time be loft. Let us L there- |
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146 The Compleat Horfeman: or, , ^
therefore follow herein the Laws of Nature* w
is moft wife in the Act of Generation. . {Ce When you have chofen your Stallion 1 ,&&
Months at leaft before the time he is to cover* je him with good Oats, Peafeor Beans, or with c°t. Bread, and little Hay, but a good deal of ™ tf,r; ftraw, ftepping him out twice a day to the ™a a0 |
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and after he hath drunk, walk him up and dovV t
Hour, without making him fweat. If he werfi ei- thus brought in wind before he covers, he vfo^ |
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ther become purfey and broken-winded, °r.rred,
great risk of being fo •, and were he not we" j[S he could not perform the Tafl<, or at leaft the ^ would be but pitiful and weak •, and although \^ nourifh him well, yet you will take him in *^ jjl Very lean. If you give him many Mares he .jj not ferve you fo long, and his Mane and Tail ^ fall away through Poverty •, and you will find $ £, ficult to recover and bring him into a good Co s tionof Body for the Year following: Give him J^1' 0j therefore according to his ftrength, that is twelv j fifteen, or at moft twenty. ug* "We fhould in England cover our Mares in
ginning of June, that fo they may foal in Ma1'\\\ which Month there is plenty of Grafs, whichj, ^ make the Mares have a greater abundance of * 0o for the better nourifhing of their Foals. " Mafe^s " with Foal eleven Months, and as many V&1 0{ " they are Years old. For example , A Marntlis " nine Years old will carry her Foal eleven M° j^s " and nine Days •, fo that a Man may fo orde ^ " Mares to be covered that their Foals n^tun' " brought forth at fuch time as there will be * " dance of Grafs. -^e You fhould about the end of May, at whicl* 69
there is commonly ftore of Grafs, put your ^ree<3 into an Inclofure, which may be capable t0 ^fi' them the whole time the Stallion is to be withl 0f |
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•* *•'. PerfeB Farrier. 147
r that th •
Mare f ai"e m ^ea^"on' 'n which Inclofure all your
are h S u'd °e put together, as well thofe which 0n arre.n as others. Then lead forth your Stalli- f0'reTln8 firft taken ofF his Hind-moes; but his his F l0es mu^ De kept on for the prelervarion of rende k- n htthim cover one twice in hand, to tal<_e 0fp ^ ^le more ca'm a"d gentle •, after which
with Jk Bridie, and let him go freely to the reft, fo jcj j10111 he will become fo familiar, and ufe them lb th-i t'lat l^ey w^' at ^ 1Tia^e *ove t0 him 5
are in fnot one °f them will be hors'd but as they
\vii] a^on- After he hath ferved them all, he Wi]]j y them again, and will only cover fuch as they f % rece've him. He knows very well when beat; e"re no more his company, and will then at wi ■ jt'sfides of thelnclofure that he may be gone j Put j t'rne he is to be remov'd, and your Mares •j^o a frefh Inclofure.
and T are rhe wife Means Nature makes ufe of, you, that of twenty Mares there will hand fe ^' whereas if they were cover'd in be D,'-, ^ one half would not hold. There mould ^ith rLt ln tnat Inclofure wherein the Stallion runs him f ^ares, a little Lodge to retire and preferve flioi]Mr?rn tne fcorching Heats; in which there hifti h' a^° a Manger> wherein you are to give e]fet,s Oats, Peafe, fplit Beans, Bread, or what a Car hkes belt : And he muft be always thus had about r wh'ie he is with the Mares, which will be st J1* 0r feven Weeks. jy, ou are to j^jjg care when you cover your
j; 'res either in Hand or otherwife, that the Stal- at {jand Mare feed alike ; viz. if the Stallion be % ay and Oats, which is commonly call'd Hard- the '-tne Mare mould be alfo at Hard-meat, o- Her ^ *"e ^e w^ not *"° reaciily hold. In like man- t0 1 ^e Stallion be at Grafs, the Mare is alfo eput to it. Mares which are very fat, hold L 2 " with |
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148 The Compleat Horfemdn: or j
" with great difficulty ; thofe which are but #"' J
" rently fat and plump, conceive with the gi"ea " eafe and facility. ^ " Mares retain a great deal better when ih&1 ^
" hot or in feafon •, this Heat excites the H°r,e te who upon his part performs that AcYion win1 -^ " greater Ardour and Vigour. When the Mal" f/ " to be cover'd in hand, that fhe may the moi'e c J " tainly hold, let the Stallion and her be fo ?^CJ " in the Stable, as they may fee each other, a * " fo let them be kept for fome time which will a . " mate them both; fo that Generation will har " ly f«l. t0
" To bring a Mare in feafon, and make her b{
" retain, you are to give her to eat for the ipaCefe, " eight Days before you bring her to the H0!,^ " about two Quarts of Hempfeed in the Morn111.1* " and as much at Night : If fhe refufe to ea* i,e " mix it with a little Bran or Oats, or elfe f°?j " her to fall for a while ; and if the Sta"' , ** eat alio of it, it will contribute much to ^ |
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neration.
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As for the Age of the Stallion, he mould not y;
ver before he be fix Years old, nor after he isfiftee^ But as to this laft you may regulate your felf acc° f ing to his Strength and Vigour. As to the Age^ |
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Mares, they mould not be cover'd before they
three Years old -, but the goodnefs of the Maf a, and Foals which they (hall bring forth, fhould rte late you as to this. ^ w It is a Maxim, that a Mare mould never je
" horfed while fhe is bringing up her Foal, be& ^ ** the Foal to which fhe is giving fuck, as w^' J that in her Belly,/will receive prejudice by ifcygt
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«' the Mare herfelf will be alfo fooner fpent • ,,rc
" People fancy it to be good Husbandry if a J. tjy " bring forth yearly a Foal; whereas things ^ sv' !* confider'd, there is more loft than gained. &e{, |
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,c *• Perfect Farrier. 149
re er' "you will have your Mare cover'd, let it be
^ en or eight Days after fhe hath foaled, that fo ve •ma^ *lave r'me t0 c'eanfe-, a"d 'f y°u can con-
n,;ly, do not give her the Stallion until fhe bl ^ ' anc' a^° 'ncrea^e by all means poffi- le ft Paiiion, as by ftrong feeding, &c. At bm ^oal to which fhe gives fuck will be -tr by this Method, and thereby receive the
fvf°re ^rength to follow her at Grafs, as alfo the , •rp will more eafily conceive, being brought ?u^n feafon. * ° ° ^ 7 hofe who defire to have Males, although the
1 ^e cannot affent to it, may practife what fol- th ' Wlllcn may be experimented alio upon o- y ^-teatures, fuch as Cows, Goats, Sheep, &c. L°lltlluft then bring the Mare in feafon, and let c be cover'd very early in the Morning any time °m the fourth Day of the Moon until it be full, never in the decreafe; and thus fhe fhall ^} fail to bring forth a Male-Colt, the truth y ereof a little Experience will difcover. Jvlar u may provide yourfelf of young breeding goQj 'rom your own Race-, which as they are in0r ',and of a good Breed, will bring you forth thev 1 auiiful Foals than any other, in refpeft that that rk^ '3een enSenc'red by a good Stallion, and for t, e fame that covers them did alfo beget them j But v Cre *s no fuch thing as Inceft among Horfes. 0ns Pu are not to make ufe of your Colts forStalli- go0'j ercaufe they will much degenerate from the Ufe pS*s of true Barbs; and if you fhould fo make Wq^i, them from one Generation to another, they the r at ^ become like to the natural Race of never° jnt-ry wnerein they are : Therefore I would Bree(j a^vife you to chufe a Stallion from your own good k c rather that you would change him for a the m ft3 0r SPanim Horfe •, but ftill make choice of. UnQn -beautiful Mares of your own Race to breed JLj 2 \?. iri ±\. £%
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15 o The Compkat Horfeman: or,
CHAP. XL.
When Foals are to be weaned or feparated f.
their Dames, and how they are to be ord^'®" OU fhouid Slave a Lodge large enough £° ^y
tain ail your Mares, that fo upon occafion [, *, |
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may be defended from the Injuries of the \ ;l
ther ; for there is no Creature to which Cold ' :, greater Enemy than to Horfes. Many are of "^ nion that Foals fhould fuck until they be a Y^l it two old : But this is a great miftake, becai-1 . makes them become dull and ill-fhap'd, and ^jW you lofe the mod part of that time for the fei'c' of your Mares. _ A You fhould wean your Foals at the beginnifp y
Winter, when it beginneth to grow cold, that ^ bout Martinmas, or the middle of November, * wean them three Days before full Moon, and >' Qi about their Necks upon a piece of Rope feven m eight Inches of the end of a Cow's Horn, to c%. 0 hold of them upon Occafion; after which bf f$ them all into your Stable, with Racks and Maflc pretty low let. _ ^ " I rather think the reafon why moft Foals .,e
" vance fo flowly, and are not capable for Set u c' until they be fix or feven Years old, is bec jf <■' they have not fuck'd long enough: Where^'^ m they fuck'd the whole Winter over, they v,0jfi ** be as good at four or five Years old, as they yg " now at eight. You may therefore judge by " if it be good Hufbandry to wean fofoon. -ft Let them all ftand loofe together, and untied, J
good ftore of Litter, feeding them with good FM. % Wheat-bran and fometimes a few Oats; for $ 0t folly to fay that Oats make Foals become blin"'^ I their Teeth crooked. |
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J *• PerfeB Farrier. iji
«f an , am of opinion that Oats will wear their Teeth
c< Th r C tnern foonerto change, and alfo raze: " bee f the beft way is tobreak them in a Miil>
" an 1 u endeavouring with their Jaws to bruife « and TV W t'lem' they ftretch and fwell their Eye « and i\et:her'Jaw-Veins» which fo attract the Blood tt a , "U!"nours, that they fall down upon the Eyes, <q § are tnany times the occafion of lofing them : <■<■ wi .at. 't is not the heating Quality of the Oats, H i . 's the caufe of this, but the difficulty they u je.'n chewing them.
« wi 1- 'A ^rtner to be obferv'd, that Foals thus fed it , Wain, do not grow fo high upon their Legs, " h 1 0rne broader and better knit than if they <t i eaten nothing but Hay and Bran, and will vSr lndure fati§ue-
f0m !en the Weather is good, drive them forth into
fe] lnclofed place, where they may fport them- as f0S" ^ut them to Grafs about the end of May, or ai| r,°n as there is Grafs enough to feed them, and put haVg0fe of one Year old together. You mould alfo \vhp. a Lodge capable to hold them all, the Door hu.rt fiiould be very large, that they may not ti "rT'5 another in going in or out.
" wl are f°me F°a's beneath fix Months old, <c M'li a'though their Dames have abundance of
Ct fo ^ec decay daily, and have a Cough by rea- t{ St" C,^cerUun Pellicles or Skins that breed in their <t j -i^chs, which obftrucl their breathing, and at «t ', ^t^lly deftroythem. The Remedy is to take *< j,* **ag wherein the Foal came forth of its ,t .^other's Belly, and drying it, give as much of tc eeam°n^ ^^ as y°u can take UP with three Fin-
(c eafS" Remedy is alfo good againft all Dif- «t g es,that happen to them beneath fix Years old.
** ofUt lfy°u cannot get the Bag, then dry the Lungs *' fair? ^0unS Fox, and ufe it inftead of the afore- AiQ Powder. L 4 At
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151 The Compleat Horfeman: of, .
At the end of a Year, in the fame Seafcn' jn,
about Martinmas, you are to take in the Foals^c,ef, which will now be a Year and a half old. ut^i tie, and drefs them as the reft of your Horf^'^e make them as gentle and familiar as poffible- Qlj next Summer, when they are two Years old; \¥ may again put them to Grafs, or keep them l0 f0r Stable, that you may the more eafily fit thej^.£y backing -, but they are never to be backt until be full three at leaft. .ell " There are fome Colts which having been
" fed until they be a Year old, will attempt t^^ " vering the Fillies. This rarely happens at j " Year old, but frequently at one and a halr» g *' others at two, and two and a half, according '* their Conftitution and Feeding. So foon as) y *' perceive this, you muft feparate them, left t *' fhould fpoil themfelves. J It is good to houfe your Foals every Winter? ^
to put them to Grafs every Summer untill the; ^ paft three Years old, and they will be much ( ftronger and better fhaped. It matters not ^.^ kind of Pafture they feed in, providing it be ,, dry, and have a watring place in it; for if they ,flf, fill their Bellies once in twenty four Hours, it>s M ficient. The Secret therefore of raifing fine &c' p> in cold Countries, confifts in nothing elfe than W,^ ing them warm in Winter, feeding them with ,fy Food, and turning them out in Summer to Paftures. m Take two Colts alike well fhap'd, begot by.'J
fame Stallion upon two Mares equally beautiful. ^ keep one of them warm in the Winter time, \ ec ing him alfo with dry kind of Food untill he be lJ\ $$ Years old, and he will be almoft as well fhap^ his Sire, which I fuppofe to be either a Barb ot^r]^ nifh Horfe. Suffer the other again to run all ™ ^ ter in the Fields until he be three Years old? j,e |
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l „ *• PerfeB Farrier. id
e Ihill v,
his si ij e his Head and Neck biS and thick>
Statu Iders charged with Flefh, and Ihall for his horfe f ^-Size' be a moft lubberly and perfect Cart; and w" ^hereby you may fee how much dry Food ^orfearm loafing do contribute to the Beauty of |
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CHAP. XLI.
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The
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ancient Method of preparing running
Horfes. J\ £Unning Horfe fhould be fomewhat long
^r'nd ' Nervous, of great Mettle, a good the S ' a §°°d Appetite, very fwift, and fenfible of
VbpUrs- He mould be of
an Enelifh Breed, or a
bUt ' °f a little Size, with pretty fmall Legs, B0k le Back-finews at a good diftance from the for j ^hort-joynted, and neat well-fhaped Feet ; rnen arge Feet are not at all for this Employ- tjay Prepare him for a Race, give him neither
half t>°r Oats, but Bread made of half Barley and the ^ar>s, baked in large and thick Cakes; let >f0o be rather ftale than new; three Pound at twem' and tbree P°und at Night, is fufEcient in "\Vhe^ ^0ur Hours. Inftead of Hay give him thei-na.t"'^leaves untnrefhed, with the Ears upon \vjt^ ' Let his Drink be luke-warm Water mixed meal a handful or two °f Bean and Barley- and i ^°ver him well in a Stable without Light, and T) *" ^m be we^ ntter'd and kept warm Night ft0o? ^e fifth Day in the Morning, after he has
trefh.k e Hours on the Bridle, take a Pound of
Gutter, before it be wafhed or faked, and
mixing
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154 The Compleat Horfeman: or, r
mixing with it twenty five or thirty Clo^e -^
bruifed Garlick; make your Horfe to fwallo* ll 0{ Balls as big as large Wallnuts, with a 0$'** J White-wine, keeping him afterwards with his t* . tied up in the Bridle pretty high, for three H°' . then feed him as before, with Bread, warm ^^g- and Wheat-fheaves, but moderately of the lafts caufe you are not to fatten him, but on the c 0 trary, (by diminifhing and hardning his FleiW increafe his Wind and Vigour. 'e On the feventh Day air him abroad for the ip'1^
of an Hour juft after Sun-rifing, and as rmlCr l. Night before Sun-fet, fometimes racking or ^ " ping, and fometimes galloping him. But if he c<. ff tinue too fat, then do the fame before Sun-'"'11 Z and after Sun-fet. Then bringing him back? x x and cover him well, and feed him as before : ■**^ thus continue to air and exercife him every VL giving him every fifth Day his Pound of & ]y ter made up with Garlick into Balls; and alf° °ie ferving not to air or take him abroad on . "Day that he takes his Balls, nor the Day lowinS- _ .-A-
When he has taken three Dofes of his Gai'1 .
balls, that is, fifteen Days after you firft beg^0 .
put him in keeping, you are to exercife him forAt
Hours in the Morning, and as much at ^ig1J
fometimes at full Speed, then at a good Gallop?/11.
afterwards at a Step, that he may recover his Wi*1^
Remembring, as I have already told you, not
air him on the Day he takes his Balls, nor on l ^
Day after: But upon the other Days when 1 ^
have gallop'd him hard, difmount, and lead l1 j
home in your Hand well cover'd; then rubbing j*,
wiping him all over until he be perfectly dry, let Kgi
fland upon his Bridle with his Head tied up f
three Hours, then give him his Water fome^ x
more than luke-warm, and feed him as before: ■«* s
3 f
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t, • PerfeB Fartter. 155-
his C0iv are t0 or<^er him f°r a Month, giving him
five pk'Balls every fifth Day: Baton the laft gilln ', x^aysof the Month, you are to run and g'vin w aS ^rP]Y as his Wind wil1 allow him,
to t.ia l?lm Liftenings now and then in his Running, in t. e ^Is Wind. Let his Exercife be for two Hours hirn Ci orn'ng'> and as much at Night, leading firft t Ss back to the Stable in your hand, having ing I • covered him, and then rubbing and dry- dilam?' g've him his Water and Meat as I have
ccte<i If f
>t n, r a" this his Dung be ftill flimy and vifcous, theref t'1at ^e 's not as vec PrePared ; you muft
t)Un 0re continue his Balls, and Exercife, until his tn'lcj:° c°me from him pretty dry, and without hu- the iVr ^'ghts before the Match he (hall be put in
itip . Zzle all Night, and about two in the Morn- Or t,°1Ve him three Pints of Sack, wherein twenty l'D t ent-' ^ve new ^a'd ^SSS are beaten, then tie him
r^j rhe Rack two Hours, after which mount him, as ]0 r him to a gentle Gallop, then to a full fpeed Qaj|ng as his Wind will allow if, afterwards to a tQ P again to give him Wind ■, and thus you are hitj-j j.erc''e him three Hours, then cover him, lead dry;n °n)e m y°ur Hand, and rubbing him and fQr ,§ "'tn, tie him up with the Bridle to the Rack r^yn lree Hours; then give him his Water, but it feerj i1?0* be as hot as he can drink it, and then q llna as formerly.
qUa ". ^e Day of the Match give him his former
Seth "^ °fSack ar>d Yolks of Eggs well beaten to-
e alf"' •tW° ^ours before he is to run; and he muft
hin^ ,0tled up to the Rack fix Hours before you give
cedin 1S ^ack* Anc* on tnat •^ay' anc* t'ie ^av Pre"
at ea ?' fie is to eat but half his allowance of Bread ^ere Meal, and but half the< Wheat-fheaves you
accuftomed to give him.
Upon
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i$6 The Compleat Horfeman: of, fS
Upon the Days your Horfe is not to run> y0-^ if
to feed and exercife him as I have told ypu: q$< you find him exactly prepared, then give hi01 lick-balls every ninth Day only. ^ tu If in the time of his dieting, or aftenvaros' ^
Horfe fhpuld difguft or become coftive, ^ A *• good Clyfters made of two Quarts of Miljc \ $& Pint of Sallad-Oil, the whoje being well mi*e Juke-warm: ^Jfb Thefe kind of Horfes are never to be rid b^1 m>
very fmall Snaffles, for fear of hindring their Pr' jd ing and Wind, which one of our great Bits ^- ffj, certainly do. The Rider is to lean a little for jjs to prevent the Wind taking too much hold up0, ,lfp Body, a Cap inftead of a Hat, very fmall and .^\c Spurs, and he is to fpur near to the Flank wit'1 , $ ftrpkes, becaufe ftrong and great ftfo'I^es do & jiinder than augment his fpeed. * - ,?A |
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The Method here fet down by Mpnfieur s°^
ppncludes the firfl part of his Book: But he f>a .cn never made tryal of it himfelf, (his Country j,e being generally great Strangers to this Diverfi°n^;/- gives it only upon the recommendation of a° ^ glijh Jockey. I thought therefore it would ri° pCr anijfs, that fince it differs fo much from the tirjjy pf preparing Race-Horfes ufed at this time, to j join the modern way of preparing Horfes >° <& Courfe, cQllecled from the beft Authors who " treated on this fubjeft. |
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0^
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Part I.
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Perfett Farrier*. t|7
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- CHAP. XLII.
tern way of preparing running Horfeh
J\ °rfe defigned for Racing mould be tractable*
rhouia t, r° Ways Re%or ski»iIh-,His ,Hea4
a'arge T] '* an<^ ^en^er» w^th w^e Noftrils arid
tleach °P^e- Let him have alfo a pretty large: at iea(j. and good Feet. His Age mould be fix Years ftt-er.oru ?° Horfe under that Age having fufficierit the £ °r a four Mile Courfe, without running The ar °^ ^eing over-ftrained.
of tJQ, n5xt thing to be confidered is the limitation! is ge e *or preparing a Horfe for a Match ; and it lefs t] ra''y agreed by judicious Horfemen, that (un- ^°tit]le • fcn De f°r an extraordinary Sum) twd re§ardS 1S ^ufficient- ^ut herein you are to have As 7?° ^ eftate °f y°ur Horfe's Body;
0rafs lrfit If he be very fat, foul, or taken frorrj o
5&wJr' ^ he be extreamly lean and poor;
der h-> If he be in good cafe, and hath had md- \j eXef€ife.
Jeaft °r the firft, you muft take two Months at ^ch A* n8 n'm 'nt° order : For he will require Ct"etion • n£' Sreat carefulnefs in Heating, and dif- j> lri Scourinp-.
, ^ Or ^l & lUne fte fecond, that is, very poor, get as long
ati(J ' J"°u can ; and let his Airings be moderate* but tiore^ore or a^ter ^un' Ceding him liberally, ■^orc [°as to cJ°ynim-
%cie the third, a Month or fix Weeks may be'
W C0ho.ne^t place, you muft confider his particu-
frfie ann ion ' as '*' he ^e ^at anc* ^ou'' yeC °^a
wafting nature, apt quickly to corifume i and
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i j 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or> t
and lofe his Flefh ; in this cafe, you muftnO[. i^
too fbrieTt a Hand, neither can he endure fo/l0;Cnd Exercife, a's if he were of an hardy difpofiti°n' f, would feed and be fat upon all Meats and ^ cifes.. by Again, If he be in extream Poverty, and ye ufj
nature very hardy, and apt foon to recov£r ^ Flefh, and long to hold it; then byno means "1?„3r you have fo liberal and tender a hand, nor f°r,.elr that exercife which you would ufe to a Horfe of ^ . der Conditution, weak Stomach, and free Spifl |
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Thefirjl Fortnights Fee ding of a Horfe zvho is faU
or newly taken from Graf. Afibon as his Body is emptied, and the ~ ,5
voided, which will be within three or four *:'^ at moll, you fhall every Morning at break of ^'f. put on his Bridle, being firft wafh'd in Ale, orBe i and after you have dreffed him, cover him '•xcC°mS ing to the Seafon of the Year. Then clap on j Saddle, and girt the foremoft Girt pretty drait, a j, the other fomewhat flack, and wifp him on e'jlC fide of his Heart with pretty foft Wifps between j two Girths, that both of them may be of &$, ftraitnefs ; then put before his Bread a warm Bj"f ^ Cloth, and let it cover both his Shoulders. \\c (if you have taken no Tobacco^ fquirr a little |\, or Beer out of your Mouth into the Horfe's, . ving fome body to trim up the Stable in your aD'^jfe For your Horfe mud always dand upon good j r of dry Litter, Night and Day, and it mud be ei[ ^ Wheat-draw or Oat-draw, for Barly-draw and KL, draw are unwholfome, the fird caufing Heart-bu ing, the lad Scouring. .s, When you are mounted, walk him a Foot-p ^
which we cail Racking, for a Mile or two, {joi J (C mud neither Amble nor Trot, becaufe theV^ |
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, art I« PerfeB Farrier. 159
G cn Prejudicial to fpeed,) upon fmooth and equal
ber ' and ^ iZ ^ave a §ent^e R'fing f° much the
^ ^Tj. There gallop him gently, afterwards walk he l°My, that fo he may cool as much one way as kcU,arrnS anotner. And whenyou have thus exerci- ra 1 |ni a pretty fpace, and the Sun is newly rifen, and" down" to fome frefh River or clear Pond, hatl CUere Jec him d"nk at his P^eafure- After ilc
and1 n1!' oring him gently out of the Water, Qr rack him away very eaiily, and not as ignorant the ^x^ do' w^° as ^00n as a ^or^e comes out °f
tea /^ter, force him into a Gallop; which either is v him to run away with you as foon as he
theVay:r'cl> or maketh him refufe to drink, fearing \y, v'olence of his Exercife which is to follow : Put^k- ^0u ^ave thus wa'ked him a little calmly, m01 m into a Gallop gently, and exercife him littj ^acely as you did before •, then walk him a he ^SPace, after which offer him more Water : If fUfe nk, then gently gallop him again-, if he re- alty.' tllen gallop him to occafion Thirft, and thus U-'1^ give him Exercife both before and after
,vatef> °
h;m hen you think he hath drank fufficiently, bring
Stye me gently without a wet Hair, or the leaft StaK? Upon him' and when yOU are C°me CO the
l\-t . e-door provoke him to Pifs if you can, by Ua ,mg up fome of the Litter,'which is at the Door,
iitt^ tl'lm" If he do noC ftale at firft' nomatt:er' a
hjs jjCufl;orn will bring him to it, and is good for T^'th, and will keep the Stable clean. fcridi b done> tle 'his Head UP to the Rack in h'S
as ft ; ^en rub down his Legs with hard Wifps, rutT°ngly as you canj loofe hisBreaft-cloth, and then ^ead> Neck' and Breaft with a dry C1°th '
c>all CSe off his Saddle, and rub him all over, efpe- ing Thls Back where the Saddle ftobd •, then cloath- a niI« according to the Seafon, girt on his Sur- cingle, |
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160 The Compleat Horfeman: of j ..
cingle, and ftop it with fmall and foft Wifps, ^ v,
will make it the eafier. Stop his Feet with ~ -^ dung, or his own Dung, a very little moiftned, frefh Water, then throw into the Rack a little v die of Hay well dufted and wrapt hard toget,e[l and let him eat it ftanding upon his Bridle. ™ ^5 he hath ftood fo an Hour, take it off, and rU^ajr' Head and Neck very well with a Hempen oT m Cloth, then drawing his Bridle, make clean a Manger, and put a quart of fweet, dry, old, ,jl6 clean drefs'd Oats into a Sieve that may keep . ,f good and full, and let the light Oats go through .,fl and if he eat them with a good Appetite, let A have again the fame quantity, and fo let him . e till Eleven a Clock with the Windows clofe; f°r jjl darker you keep him the better, becaufe it v {, make him lie down and take his reft, which o^ % |
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wife he would not fo readily do. At EleVeI;
Clock rub his Head and Neck as before, and % |
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ye
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him another Quart of Oats •, then leave him in ^
dark Stable till One after Noon, at which time fl him and feed him as before, giving him alfo a -a ther fmall bundle of Hay, and leave him dark watering time. . e Watering time being come, drefs him as in X
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Morning, then Cloath, Saddle, lead him fortn &
urge him to empty; then mounting him, rack » abroad, but not to rifing Ground as in the M°rj ing, if you can find other that is plain and leV.g and there Air him in all Points as you did in -s Morning, galloping him gently before and after . Water, rack him home to the Stable-door, an^ ^ your way let him fmell upon every old and " ^ Dung you meet with, to provoke him to en">P jj Being alighted, do as you did in the Morning, v -jj without Doors and within, and fo let him reft |
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Nine at Night.
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A«
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11. PerfeEt Farrier. i6z
and I i r e ruD down n's Legs well with Wifps,
tUrnins "ead and Neck with a clean Cloth ; then and & UP ^'s Cloathes, rub all his hinder Parts, Httlebl.Ve him a Qy^t of flfted °u's' and then a
fo Jea 'ilT,^: bundle of Hay, and tofs up his Litter, And2 !lim t511 next MorninS-
firft tj u.s y°u fhall keep him conftantly for the Hefs 0rtr|ight, which will fo take away his Foul-
you'mlnd narden his Flefh, that the next Fortnight Hnt fy '^venture to give him fome gentle Heats, that h>Qereas lt may De objected, that many Horfes bgCo Ve good Appetites, would be half ftarved or of q116 very weak, if they were fcanted to a Quart ^ot dtS at a Meal- To this I anfwer' that ! feC
havin °Wn ^is proportion as an infallible Rule, St0fn° tQld you, that if he eat it with a good the r, Vou may g've h*m another ; fo leaving tioi] Potion to your own judgment and difcre- |
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The fecond Fortnights Feeding.
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^th
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firft. s Fortnight you mall do all things as in the
giveV-0tlty before you put on his Bridle, you mall |
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en | ■ a Qiiart or better of clean fitted Oats,
iter ri(ale and drefs him, cloath, faddle, air, |
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t[^Wa
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firfl; p exercife and bring him home, as in the
into K- rtnight: •, only you (hall now put no Hay aidf l ack:> but give it him out of your Hand, Bridle c a^Cer handful, and fo leave him on his lift „ tor an Hour: Then after Rubbing, &V. lake a°Jher Quart of Oats and fet them by. Then |
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^arJ
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C after tins
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Bread that is three Days old at leaft,
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manner.
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Tts
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M
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i6z The Compleat Horfeman: off
The firfi Bread. ^0f
Take three Pecks of clean Beans, and one *em jo-
fine Wheat, mix them together, and grind th^d to pure Meal. Then bolt it pretty fine, and •*. g, it up with great (lore of frefh Barm and Ligh^ ^e)l but with as little Water as may be : Labour '■'■ . jt in a Trough; break it, and cover it warm t".jjc may fwell : Then knead it over again, and m°l. jet into big Loaves, and fo break them well, a° tpe th em foak foundly. After they are drawn fro^^j. Oven, turn the bottoms upward, and let thetfl ^t At three Days old you may give him this Brea"' i^fi not fooner; for nothing is more apt to furfelC tpe new Bread. If it be dank or clammy, fo ^f;^0 Horfe takes diftafte thereat, then cut the Lo^ ,fy, thin Shives, and lay it abroad in a Sieve to .g and then crumbling it fmall amongft his Oats> h$ may give it him without danger. When you gjve (Cl' this Bread, chip it very well, and crumbling ic £{# ty fmall, mix it with the Oats you had lifted a11^ by. You may give him as much Bread as. otj countervail the quantity of Oats, or more l' '^,6 think fit, and fo leave him till eleven a Clock'< fa then give him the fame quantity of Oats and " and let him reft till the Afternoon. Jfl& At One Afternoon, if you intend not i0J^
him an Heat the next Day, feed him with Pje»l and Oats as in the Forenoon, and fo every following for that Day. .^ A But if you intend the next Day to give h1 o>
Heat, then you fhall only give him a QH*,re* clean fifted Oats, but no Hay, and fo let W^P till Evening. At four a Clock give him tbe $' quantity of clean-fifted Oats •, and after he Wi%$U en them, Bridle, Drefs, Cloath, Saddle, ^ itf Air, Exercife, bring home, and order him? t(e^ fore fhewed; only give him neither Hay nor Q$ |
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a '• PerfeB Farrier. 16$
abo^ his Oats for that Night. After he hath flood
Ou an Hour upon his Bridle, give him another a fw Oats, and when he hath eaten them, put reft t^ a"d clean Muzzle upon him, and fo let him
Quart f'ne at Night. At n'ne g've him another °1 hi A/r ^ats' anc* when he hath eaten them, put him mi UZz'e aga'n5 tofs UP his Litter, and leave Th |\j?ext MorninS-
his I • UZz'e is to keep the Horfe from eating up Walls /-!>'*' fr°m gnawing upon Boards and Mud-
ftarn',j• They are made fometimes of Leather and °^ Holes ; but thefe are unfavory too Lnwh°lfome; befides they are too clofe and
him f01"' an<^ both make a Horfe lick, and caufe \tyjnt° forbear Reft. But the beft Muzzles for of a r 0r Summer are the Net-Muzzles, made in tn °"S Packthread, and knit very thick and clofe ^•ddf om' anc* then enlarged upwards to the are u e °f the Horfe's Head; at which place they and s U-1C' about w'ch a Tape, and have alfo a Loop tle;i. ring, whereby they are faftned to the Horfe's heDe^,next Morning come to him before Day, if
tnean Riding on his Feet; but if he be laid, by no OatsSa Jfturb him. Take a Quart of well-lifted Ale o ft ru^ between y°ur Hands with fome ftrong of 0jvT ^eer, but let not them be too moift for fear atid faH^06 ' anc^ when he hath eaten them, drefs go fQ "r him as formerly. Then being ready to ^ack f cye his Bridie-Rein over the top of the *ake a as y°u may draw his Head aloft. Then his Jyj n^V/ Lid Egg or two, and breaking them in ing hi°Uj?n> make him to fwallow them down, wafh- *o lea^ j^outh after it with a little Beer or Ale, and eHlptv *m out, not forgetting to provoke him to y to thatf^le ^00r: Then mount and rack him gent- ^Very j? ^-°urfe, making him by the way to fmell at orfe's Dung you fhall meet with. M 2 When
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164 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
When you are come within a Mile or d5 off
bouts of die Starting-Poft, difmount and his Body-Cloth and Breaft-Cloth, and girt °n.0ifl Saddle again : Then fending away your ^\cs, with thofe Clothes, and the dry rubbing Cl° ^>, let him ftay at the end of the Race till you c° ft. This done, rack your Horfe gently up to the -> j{) ing-Poft, if there be any, making him fmell * ^ that fo he may know the beginning and end °' A Courfe. There ftart him roundly and fharpty' pi- give him his Heat according to the following reclions. Some few things to be obferved in giving of He$'
■it'
Fir/i, Two in a Week are fufficient for any Secondly, That one of them fhould always be &, \$
on that Day of the Week on which your H°r fj,e to run his Match, and that alfo Hill to be j^r fharpeft for encreafing of his Swiftnefs •, the ° fe being only a flow galloping over the Courfe, & ^c to encreafe Wind and caufe Sweat, than to irop^" j Speed. As fuppofe your Match is to be uP°xrfJ Monday, then your Heating-Days muft be M^'m and Fridays, and the fharper Heat to be up°n fli Monday : If the Day be Tuefday, then Tuefdaf ^ Saturdays: If Wednefday, then Wednesdays 3"1.// turdays, by reafon of the Lord's-Day : If ^ M day, then Thurfdays and Mondays, and fo °* reft. J
Thirdly* You fhall give no Heat (but in c& ^ necefllty) in Rain or foul Weather, but ratlm^s fer Hours and change Days; for it is unwho^j) and dangerous. And therefore in cafe of ^tgf6 Showers and uncertain Weather, you fhall ep For your Horfe a Hood lined quite thorow to ^iit |
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n, PerfeB Farrier. 16s
c°ld W f11". N°tning being more dangerous than
of tL ^ falling into the Ears, and upon the Nape Lne Neck and Fillets. - '
p
ktfon hi ^'lve y°ur Heats, (the Weather being ^■theD at t^ie Dreak °f Day, but by no means ark, as being unwholfome and dangerous. Horfe ^ When you begin your Heat, ftart your
ters-fD r°undly and fharply, at near a three Quar- ts j^5ed; and if it be on the Day of the Week that Stretl c^Cn will fall on •, then according to his spirit ' S°°dnefs of Wind, and chearfulnefs of n° m' fUn '1'm t^ie wnole Courfe thorow -, and by M/'ii-jj ans do any thing in extremity or above his then h"' '~>ut when you find him a little to yield, d0 a]ira^ a little, and give him eafe, that he may this' W'ch Pleafure, and not with Anguim : For 'His anner of training, will make him take delight be ni labour. The other Heat in each Week muft Crtafp \x .§entle, the defign of it being only to en- you „ "i»d and caufe Sweat, that fo the Scouring Iqq^Y6 to §iVe him after his Heat may have fome ^h°uld rea^e t0 wor'< uP°n a°d bring away. You flow . cherefore let him go over the Courfe at a ^ere r0^ gentle Gallop; for if both the Heats °Ut ?lart5 the Horfe would not be able to hold then-j f re being fo fliort an Intermiffion between '0 Co. °r him to reft and recover his Vigour. Alfo t*Uris 1 a& y°u fhall obferve upon what Ground he ^00 ] ' as whether Up-hill or Down-hill, upon Orou !"Sr°'Jnd or rough, wet or dry, a Level or for v,d fomewhat rifing, that you may manage him yuur advantage. galloJ^ You have finifli'd your Heat, and gently
dy) rj_r him up and down (the Groom being rea-
e him into fome warm Place or Corner, and
M 3 with
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i66 The Compkat Horfeman: or, ^
with your Scraping-knife, made of a broken S^ 0ff
blade, or 6f a thin piece of old hard Oak, fcraj^ $' the Sweat from every part (Buttocks except^LjJe til you can make no more arife, moving hirn a ^n now and then, left his Limbs become ftiffs v jjs with dry Cloths rub him all over -, take o»a Saddle, and having fcraped his Back, and r^,,ot]ji it near dry, put onhis Body-Cloth, and Breaft-~ A' and girt on the Saddle again ; then mount anilSd>, lop him gently, now and then wiping his ^ of Neck and Body as you fit upon his Back. ^ A all, walk him about the Fields to cool him' .jjj) when you find him begin to dry apace, rack p- homewards, fometimes fleeping, fometimes ga cA ing : But bring him not to the Stable till yo^ ^e him throughly dry. "When you are come l° cb Door, intice him to empty, then tie him to the".^ and (having prepared it yourfelf before, or aC </ one for you againft your coming) give him °n thefe Scourings following. Two excellent Scourings for Running-Horfes; eit" ^
which may be fafely given after a Heat, to bring &, molten Greafe, or other Foulnefs in a Horfe's "° Take a Pint of Syrop of Rofes, or for wantv ^
a Pint of ftrong honyed Water, and difiblve ,( it of Caflia, Agarick and Myrrh, of each an ^!\ji$ fhaking them well together in a Glafs ; then oy mull'd and made warm upon a gentle Fire, an ^fi Horfe newly come from his Heat, give it luke-warm. Another,
/
Take a Pint of Canary, Malaga, or Sherry' jf pulverizing an Ounce of the fineft Rozin, ¥ uefl
therein ; which being incorporated, add to ft
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fix o P erf eft Farrier. 16 j
^uBarcanrf °u ^"Ohve, ar»d two Ounces of brown
the JuiCe yf -en to Powder' with an °unce of
t>rewa]j ° Savin, or Powder of Rhubarb •, mix or give \t J.5>§ether, and warming it over a gentle Fire, 1C ^e Horfe luke-warm. ttoiv to order him after his Scouring,
As f
Ws J^ii0 as y°u ^ave given lt to him, rub his dr£ rWell> .take off his Saddle, and if his Body be a B'rna,11 §htly over it with a Curry-comb, then dry q *' and laftly rub him over very well with a Dver i • c"> and clothe him up warm, throwing alfo ^et k-lrn' 'f the Weather be cold, a loofe Blanket, itig. ^ 'aft full two hours after taking the Scour- byj-'j nc* during that time go not out of the Stable, him n e^ ^im away by making a noife, and ftirring A|J0Wandthen.
take -fr he has fafted
upon the Bridle two Hours,
feel h, aildful of Wheat-ears, and coming to him
next fe .°°ts of his Ears, and under his Clothes you c ° his Heart, and upon his Flanks; and if his pj . any new Sweat arife, or Coldnefs, or that to &jv n£ beat, or Breaft move faft, then forbear ^°uln r lTS} anY thing, it being a fign there is much itjg ^j ,s ftirred up, on which the Scouring is work- a littj " a conquering Quality, which makes him die lc* •' So that you fhall only take off his Bri- lent v(?t °n his Collar, tofs up his Litter, and ab- t\v0 jjUrfelf (^e Stable being dark and quiet) for that Sj ?Urs^ which is commonly the longeft time W^ p ^efs will continue : But if you find no fuch "Wheat 1V°n m him, then give him the Ears of haricifmi tj3ree or four together ; and if he eat one Or f give him another, and fo until he eat three his Br-j .handfuls, but no more: Then drawing iittle g e and rubbing his Head well, give him a Utldle of Hay well duftedj about an Houp M 4 tftey. |
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168 The Compleai Horfeman: or,
after give him a Quirt of clean Oats with t* A
three Handfuls of fplie Beans amoirgft then1' A break alfo into them two or three Shives of hree clean chip'd, and then leave him for two or t Hours. , ^e At Evening, before you drefs him, givebin1,^
like Quantity of Oats, Beans and Bread, and^ . he hath eaten them, Bridle, Drefs, and Cloath » ^c, but you fhall not air him abroad this Evening' 0 caufe the Scouring yet working in his Body *£ the Heat, he muft not have any Water at all- gs ter he is drefs'd and hath flood two Hours on ^ Bridle, give him three Pints of clean Oats waibe^e Beer or Ale, which will inwardly cool him as ' .,e had drank Water, and you are fure he can i& m no prejudice by it. After he has eaten all his ..g Meat, and refted upon it a little Space, you lb* &f his feeding Times, which have been fpoken of bej 0j with Oats and fplit Beans, or Oats and Bread'. * all together, or each of them by itfelf, accof ^ to the liking of the Horfe, feed him that Ntf^ in a plentiful Manner, and leave a Knob of Ha? the Rack when you go to bed. /j, The next Day early, firft Feed, then P'^e
Cloath, Saddle, Air, Water, and bring him b^.g as at other Times; only have a more careful &A to his emptying, and obferve how his Greafe ' , Foulnefs wafteth. At his feeding Times, feed j as was laft Ihewed you, only very little Hay5 ug keep your Heating Days and the Preparation jjl Day before, as hath been declared. Thus you ' {e fpend the fecond Fortnight, in which your r> co having received four Pleats Horfeman-like giv^js him, with four Scourings, there is no doubt b$ ^e Body will be inwardly clean. You fhall thefepi- the next Fortnight order him according to the redions following. |
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*■ PerfeB Farrier. \6y
The Third Fortnight's Feeding,
ner ti6 t .rc^ Fortnight you fhall make his Bread fi-
han it was formerly -, as thus: The Second Bread.
Tak
of fin *xtWo Pecks of clean Beans, and two Pecks bole G eat' and grind them well together; then
t^a| ari<a knead it up with Barm or Lightning, and
\y-'f UP as you did the former Bread.
Way tnis Bread, having the Cruft clean cut a-
feve'r f^ ^ats and fjplit Beans mix'd together, or
Ufu l^y if you think fit, feed your Horfe at his
feren eals, as formerly, only with thefe few dif-
T> •
Up0 x> you fhall not give the Heat which falleth
ljp0 lhe Day of the Week the Match is to be run t}0t '*° fmartly and violently as before, that he be ]\je °Verftrained and made fore before the Match. §Co .y°u fhall not after his Heats give him any end 'r^s' ^ut infteac' thereof inftantly upon the c]0 ? n's Heat, after he is a little cooled and hi,jj . ^ up, and in.the fame place where you rub fien' Vp ^'m one °^ c^e f°^owing Balls as big as a S Egg. The tr ■
n ,Ue Receipt of Mr. Markham's famous Cordial
p "j". f° much efteemed by the Generality of our
Eufli Farriers. T '
feecj kf Annifeeds, Cummin-feeds, Fennegreek-
foot artnamus-feeds, Elecampane-roots,and Coltf- fine' °* eac^ two Ounces, beaten and fearced very The' as alfo two Ounces of the Flour of Brimftone. di(f0j take an Ounce of the Juice of Liquorifh* and Ve it on the Fire in half a Pint of White- |
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wine :
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170 The Compleat Horfe man: or,
wine: Then take of the Chimical Oyl of Anntfee c
an Ounce, of Sallad-Oyl, Honey and Syrup Sugar, or for want of it MoloJ/its, of each ha^ . Pint; mix all with the former Powders, and ^ ^ as much fine Wheat-Flour as will bind and *, l them together •, work them into a ftiff Pafte, ^ keep in a Gally-pot clofe covered, and give as y find occafion. .j. If to prevent Sicknefs; anoint a Ball all over fl
Frefh-Butter, and give it him as a Pill in the Mot , ing fafting : Then ride him a little after it, or ^ |iim ftand upon his Bridle for an Hour, Feeding a f Watring according to cuftom; and do this three four Mornings together. ^ If for a Cough or violent Cold, or to fatte11 f
Horfe; then give them for a Week together, longer if needful. . „ If your Horfe has an inward rattling by re^'° ^
of a Cold or Pvheum, diffolve a Ball in a Pin1 % Sack, and give it him warm. Or if you diffoKe j in warm Water, it will have the fame effect, ^. fattens exceedingly. A Ball in the Morning ber0^ Travel will prevent his wearying too foon ; in l ' heat of Travel will refrefh his Spirits ; and afte travel will recover Wearinefs. and prevent Sickneft' The Fourth and laft Fortnight's Feeding.
For the fourth and laft Fortnight you fhall m^
your Bread much finer than either of the former. |
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The laft and fine ft Bread.
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d
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Take three Pecks of fine Wheat, and one Pee&
Beans, grind and bolt them through the fineft Bo'!\e you can get •, then knead it up with new ftrong ^ and Barm beaten together, and the Whites of t^e ^ Vj Eggs or more, and no Water at all, hut ir>tfenf th6^'
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rt I. PerfeB Farrier. 171
llP Ch 1 ^"ma^ Cluant^y °f new Milk •, then work it
Brg 1 , a"d order it as the former; and with this and f ,• nS the Cruft firft cut away> c,ean °ats> Ho r^ ' a^ mixed or feveral, feed your thep0 at.^'s ordinary Feeding-times, as you did
few Tv1'tniS':it before : Only you fhali obferve thefe Fjire&ions following.
\ty- ^ y°u fhall keep your Heating-Days the firft y0l)e5 °f this Fortnight; but the fecond or laft Week any ^ forbear one Heat, and not give yourHorfe J nve Days before his Match, but inftead there-
kee n? and ftrong Airings and Water-courfes, to $ him in Wind.
Sen °-U nee<^ not m ^s Fortnight to g'ive him any bUr r^S at all: And if Morning and Evening you tlje rr ankincenfe in the Stable, it is wholfom for Ini-fe' anci ^e wil* delight therein.
]yr tnis Fortnight, when you give him any wafht of pl> Wa^ it not in Ale or Beer, but in the Whites lef §§s or Mufkadine, being more wholfom and ^har ?r^"ey- This Fortnight give him no Hay, but tnat Z16 takes out of your Hand after his Heats, and '■p)~ut: in little quantity and clean dufted.
pee , e laft Week of this Fortnight, if he be a foul if 1 e£> you muff, ufe the Muzzle continually : But then u a c^ean Feeder, and will touch no Litter, q three Days before the Match is fufficient.
^i,1? the Morning the Day before your Match, feed ter £fore and after Watring and Airing •, and wa- jj- .s.at other times before Noon, and after Noon g11!1^ his Portion of Meat a little,
and e and after Evening-Airing, feed as at Noon, hoIJVater as at other times ; but be fure to come Tj\ before Sun-fet.
•^Qrf ^venmg you are to trim and fhoe your to ; e' taking care not to hinder his Feeding, nor ^enflrerrupt his Reft: For l have heard Horfe"'
la}'j that when they had fhod their Horfes' with
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171 The Compleat Horfeman: or, ^
with light Shoes or Plates, the Night before,£0f,
Courfe, their Horfes have taken fuch notice t»e gl11, that they would neither eat what they gave t r nor lie down to take any reft all the Night f° fil- ing: But a Horle muft be old and long eXpe.oI1s, ced in thisExercife to make fuch fubtil Obferv^.^e However, I advife that things of neceffity be ^ 0f upon this Day, rather than upon the MorO'j1^ the Courfe, becaufe on that Morning he mould nothing to trouble him..- ■$> Late at Night feed as you did in the Ev^'^s
and give him what he likes beft, according l,p Stomach, only as little Bread and Beans as P°. Vit- then putting on hfs Muzzle, and toffing up hlS ter, leave him quiet till next Morning. , A The next Morning (being that of the ™* jg,
Day) come to him before Day, take off his Mu* jty rub his Head well, and give him a pretty q'J?v @, of Oats warned in Mufkadine if he will eat ^ m, or elfe in the Whites of Eggs. If he refufe ® -A then try him with fine drefs'd Oats, dry and [1 j[ with a little Wheat: After he hath eaten the^'^e he be a flow emptier, walk him abroad, and lfl to places where he ufed to empty, there entice h", ■$ it, which, as foon as he hath done, bring A home, put on his Muzzle, and Jet him reft %i j you have warning to make ready. But if he u free Emptier, then you need not ftir him, buc him lie quiet. / When you have warning to make ready, t^lj*
his Muzzle, and having wafhed his Snaffle "in a -M Mufkadine, bridle him up. But before you bf. $ him, if you think him too empty, give him V0{, or four mouthfuls of thewafh'd Meat laft fpok^Jr Then bridle up and drefs him. Afterwards f.^, ing your Saddle and Girths with Shoemakers-^ 'j fet it on his Back and girt it gently, fo that he'ljeji only feci the Girths, but have no ftraitnefs : * \tf |
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k ' PerfeB Farrier. 173
0rcJinaCrvaniSheet over the Sadd}e> and over fc his,
Qoth V°aths' then his Body-Cloth and Breaft- ^'"g'red W'fp him round with foft WifPSl And
rhe beftxJ Co dravv our5 giye hi"1 half a Pint of a%ay. L mu&~dine in a Horn, and fo lead him ^frei'inc/°ur fading, ufe gentle and calm motions,
you rJj ^lni to fmell .upon any Dung, and where ^alk j ^ulies, long Grafs, Heath," or the like, n° fucK L"nd ent*ce him to Pifs ; but if you find y°u 1P j P' tnen in fome certain places where Hiere him, and efpecially near to the place ni to °U are t0 mounC> &nd =iliVing accuftomed
v>'iu: l l} before, break fome ofthe Straw where- Jf yoij" ls w^'ped. und^r him •, and thus intice him, ^'"ck J?Can' r° Stale or Pifs; and if any white or a cle?r, *; Froth arife about" his Mouth, with aB0^' andkerchief, wipe it away; and, carrying
< L^i
ean Water about you, wafh"his Mouth
-ty,ncl then with it.
fore en you are come to the place of Starting, be-
e8$ u 1 Unc^oath the Horfe, rub and chafe his
tyith "tor then P'ck his Feet, and wafh his Mouth
*He st: ater? mount his Rider, and having adjufted
^oft 'r"Ps, let him walk him foftly to the Starting-
^eft „J d there ftarting fair, let him run him to the
avantage.
Jyul Obfervalions while a Horfe is preparing for
a Match. n°r f0 \ ung be neither fo thin that it will run,
^r°UnH k' ^ut that lt w'" a httle flatten on the £torfe ', and of a pale yellow colour, then is the ^ackifh and wel1 fedi If in round Pe11ets> and
Sreafi' .0r brown, it fnews inward Heat. If hath \!~ ihews foulnefs. If red and hard, then
had too ftrong Heats, and Coftivenefs will
^ follow.
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174 r^oe Compleat Horfeman: or, ^
follow. If it be pale and loofe, it fhews in
coldnefs of Body, or too moift feeding. j,er If his Urine be of a pale yellowifh colour, f ^j
thick than thin, and of a ftrong Smell, i£ \j)d Health. If it be of a high complexion, d&f, p- tranfparent, like old March-Beer, then is he l0, med in his Body, and hath taken fome ^\^ If it be like Blood, or inclining to Blood, he 0o too fore Heats, been over-ridden, or ridded ^ early after Winter-Grafs. If green, it fhews a ^ fumption of the Body. If with bloody Streaks'w, Ulcer in the Kidnies. If black, thick, and cl°u it prefages Death. jje If he fweat ftanding ftill in the Stable, or ^ ^
ing a Foot-pace, or the like •, or if his Swe^ ^1 white and frothy, like Soap-fuds, then is he >, and wants Exercife. But if the Sweat be b'. eji and as it were only Water thrown on him? is he lufty and in good cafe. ■$ Altho' I have given no Directions forWate u
in the Evening, after a Heat; yet you may irl J three laft Fortnights ("finding your Horfe clean* (,( the Greafe quite confumed) fomewhat late at ^% give him a reafonable quantity of Water &*|< Milk-warm, and fafting about an Hour after ir- ^r fo if the Weather be unfeafonable, you fhall at J $ Watering-Hours, Water in the Houfe with ^\ Water, throwing into it it a handful of Wheat-#r' or Oat-meal, but Oat-meal is the beft. |
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*• PerfeB Farrier, 17 y
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CHAP. XLIII.
Of Ambling.
y .ere are many different Methods ufed in teach*
the K^g H°rfes to Amble •, fuch as Ambling by der-Sh °f a Plowed Field> by Weights, by Hin-
by ti °es with long Spurns or Plates at the Toes, Qive helP of fine Lifts> &c- all of which are defe-
1 (^I'.^d have great Inconveniencies attending them. to ^ therefore fhew you the trueft and eafieft way ]W Ce a Horfe to Amble, which is this. genti°Unt k's Back, and try w*tn y°ur Hand, by a
fj0r/-e and deliberate Racking, and preffing of the lVl0 I 0rWard, by helping him in the Weeks of his. bio w'th your Snaffle (which muft be fmooth, lheri an^ ^) and corre&'ng n'm firft on one fide,
arnj r0tl the other with the Calves of your Legs n>a]c Retimes with the Spur. Now if you caa th0u ,bim of himfelf to ftrike into an Amble, lab0. Muffling and diforderly, there will be much aPpr u aved. But if you find he can by no means ftrul 1 nd the Motion you defign to teach him, in J?^le not with him, but make ufe of the Tramel nanner following. The Form of a Tramel.
Pir
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the ^» for the Side-Ropes; they muft be made of
kyth ^ fineft, and ftrongeft Pack-thread, twifted the k^ ^°pe-maker into a ftrong Cord, not above ^°0D^nefs of a fma11 Jack-Line, with a Noofe or Hia(jP at each end, fo ftrong as is poffible to be gent]' Neither muft they be twifted too hard, buc Orin J' and with a yielding Quality, for that will ** °n the Motion more eafily, and keep the 1 Tramel |
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17 6 The Compleat Horfeman: ory
Tramel from breaking. Now thefe Side-Ropes ^ &n
be juft thirty,fix Inches in length for an Horfe ° ^ ordinary Stature, and longer or fhorter accords the fize of the Horfe. . ^e Secondly, The Hofe, which muft be placed in, .,
fmall of the/Fore-Leg, and the fmall of the Hin ^t Leg, above the Paftern-Joints, they muft be # .j, of fine, foft, and pliant Girt-Web, lined ^'^ double Cotton: Over the Girt-Web muft be fafte\ ftrong Tabs of white Neats-Leather well-tallo^ ..j, and fuited to an even length,' and ftamped * }5 Holes at equal diftance, which Tabs mall P^ through theNoofes of the-Side-Ropes, and be & « longer or fhorter at pleafure with very ftr° ^ Buckles, and which Hofe are to be made faft a^ fe the Horfes Legs with fmall Buckles. Now t" j Hofe of Girt fhould be four Inches in length? a the long Tabs with the large Buckles ten. fe Thirdly, The Back-band being of no othe_r $
but to bear up the Side-Ropes, fhould (^ f\, tramel all four Legs) be made of fine Girt-^e c lined with Cotton ; but if you tramel only ° ^ fide, then an ordinary Tape will ferve, being /' that it carries the Side-Ropes in an even hn ' without rifing or falling-, for if it rife, it fhof^ the Side-Rope •, and if it falls, it endangers £ j[ ling. Infhort, the Side-Ropes muft be firm, with0J yielding a jot-, the Hofe muft be foft, lie clofe, a J not move from their ftrft place •, and the Back-?1"* muft be fiat, light, and fo defended from the F1'1 that it may not gall. tji Having brought your Horfe into an even ^°°aS,
Path, having the Hofe made faft about his t-e^e untie the long Tabs of the near Fore-Leg, an" . near Hinder-Leg, then put to them the Side-P^g and fee that he ftand without ftraitning or enla^ft his natural fituation, and in that even and J ^ length ftay the Side-Rope by a fmall Tape ^ up |
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rt *• PerfeB Farrier. \yy-
^idf th# Saddle: Then with y°ur Hand on the
gen ,e' "raitning and pulling his Head, put him
aByl vardi and' if need be, have the help of him r der to Put n'm f°rward ^°-> ar>d fo" force
gejl, ° amble up and down the Road, with all the Leif C S ^0u Can' fufFering him to take his own haps r5' and tho' he fnapper, or Humble, or per- you j now and then, yec lt matters not: Do With°n ^a^ ms ^eac^' giye mm leave to rife, and a *! gentlenefs put him forward again.
atld 1 r at t'1's may De done with the more eafe (at l- R amazement to the Horfe, it is not amifs leiler, rftTrameling) to give your Side-Ropes more lefj r , an ordinary, that the Twitches may be the tj n' and the Motion coming more gently, as u 0ffe may fooner apprehend it. But as foon Side- >?COrnes t0 a little Perfection, then put the lorio- '°Pes to their true length; for an Inch too to0bnls a Foot too flow in the Pace; and an Inch, and i "ri^' caufes rowling, twitching up of the Legs,
W| eed a kind of plain halting.
J)erfei<;n the Horfe will thus amble in your Hand then }j-> being Trameled on on^ fide, you ihall fi(Je Cnange it to the other fide and fo from one fun ° another, till with the Half-Tramel he will Or a amble in your Hand without fnappering this ;Um^'ng> DOt'n readily and fwiftly. When beaL 'attained to, which if he be traceable, cannot Put Ve two or three Hours Labour, you may then &ack u t^e whole Tramel, with the broad, flat, hifpj - and, trameling both fides equally, and fo run •er,Rtr? ^°Ur ^anc* along the Road, at the utmoft
it acr . °f the Bridle; then paufe, cherifh, and ,to ^V1' and Wnen he is perfect in this, then put lotynJ?°n rough Ways, where there are Clots, hol- Ws> and falfe Treading.
0f00t^n he is thus .perfect in Hand, fet a Boy or m upon his Back, making the Horfe to amble N un-
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17 S* 'the Compleat Horfeman: ory
under him, whilft you lead and flay his ^e^i,en
prevent Danger, or to fee how he ftrikes. * je mount your felf, and with all gentlenefs inC£ afc his Pace more and more, till you come to Per*e 0ll on. And as you did before in Hand, fo do r>ov*'^s his Back, firft with the Half-Tramel, then with ^ whole, and change from one fide to another, ^ alfo alter Grounds; and this you muft do twtfe thrice a Day. _ u When you have brought him to Perfection? X ^
may take away the Tramel and exercife him ^ ^ out it;, but let it be done upon the High-waV, *t not in a private fmooth Road, which affords jj a cofening Pace, and will be left upon every '^' ^ Wearinefs: Therefore pace him on the High;'*' tf three, four, or five Miles in a Morning, and » > uS find him willing to forfake his Pace, put ofl Half-Tramel again. |
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f*A;
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art I- PerfeB Farrier.
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179
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CHAP. XLV.
e rices in Horfes, and how to prevent-, cor-
rec7} and remedy them. Your Horfe carry his Head and Neck awry,
him • ve t0 which fide he inclines it, and ftrike if l ^Vlce or thrice with the contrary Spur : But ing e very ftiff-necked on the right-fide and ply- ^|0r bending on the left, then hold the right ceiy 1 ?rter chan the other, and when you per- fect t0 'nc^'ne tnat way> g've him fudden ftfik ^av>ng a fharp Wire faften'd in the Rein, thac ftra- nS 'n his Neck, he may be obliged to hold ic a l .'. °bferving to check him upwards, left he get jp 1£ of ducking down his Head.
fU(j, y°ur Horfe duck down his Head, check him Sp et% with the Bridle, and ftrike him with the bg £*> that he may be fenfible of his Fault. If he rjgi aJ^ding, make him bring his Head into its he j "lace, as he ftands; if going, let it be whilft him ^^"g* a°d when he obeys, be fure to cherifh jr and he will foon underftand the meaning,
tofk k r Horfe be fubjecl, upon the leaft Occafion, he • ^e his Head and Ears, or move the latter when on tKenck to kick, or bite, orcaft you, ftrike him ^irn G • ac* with your Wand, and at the fame ^t*ok ^e n'ra a eneck with your Bridle, and a ^enlv W^k y°ur contrary Spur, putting him fud- that h°Ut °^ nis Pace, and then make him flop, ing. ^ay have leifure to underftand your mean- Virjn^aad the like do when he ftarts, or when he Or ft •?s' which is a fign of his intending to bite, If ^e with his Heels.
the\ve e Refty, that is, will not go forwards, ay then is to pull him backwards, and perhaps N 2 h« |
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i8o The Compleat Horfeman: or, .,
he will then go forwards •, this feldom fails: ** .j,
it fhould, then make ufe of your Spurs to the't pofe, and let another Perfon on Foot whip ^'^Mp ward-, and altho' he rebel a long time, the fl and Spurs will perfwade him at laft, if they be v iQ$ |
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fharply, foundly, and in time •, and when oncc ;
begin, you muft continue them until he yiel®')Lm vided it proceeds from Stubbornnefs, and not Fainting or Sicknefs. rofe, If he rears an end, that is, rifes fo high be 0u
as to endanger his coming over upon his R^^'ijth muft give him the Bridle, and leaning forward s your whole Weight, give him both your Spu ri- he is falling down -, but Spur him not as he ' fing, for that may caufe him to come over upon V ^ If he be apt to fall down uton the Ground, rS,
the Water, nothing better than a pair of good->P ^t applied as foon as you perceive him going ac\f. it, which will put him from thinking more ° , ^ But if he defifts, then correft him no more ac 0f Time: For bad Horfemen are the Caufe of rfl0reby thefe Vices, by correcting out of Time, whe- ^5 they are fo far from making a Horfe fenfible o* ; Fault, that they fright and put him into Confo and make him at laft become Refty. ^\t If he be apt to run away, you muft get a 0 jjd
Bit, with a flack Curb, and keeping a gentle'-^, eafie Bridle-hand, firft walk him without fi0^^ but only flaying him upon the Fland by litt;Ie ^ little, and then trot him a while,and put hifl1 *csi from a Trot to a walk, flaying him by F^yo1'' and always cherifhing him when he obeys ^Jitf When you find him thus far peaceable, pv,t: f t° from his Trot to a gentle Gallop, and from tJ1 ^ a Trot, and from a Trot to a Walk, ftayi^ p/fe' by Degrees with a gentle Fland, and ufing t'1' yO11 thod for a while with Patience and Judgmel,t' may probably prevent his running away. J5i>£ |
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*• PerfeB Farrier. 181
then ? t^PP.0'? ne do run away, what is to be done
Hridjg x>0T- lt ls certai»-> tnac tne m°re y°u Pu^ tne
the "Keinsand hurt him, by ftraitning the Curb, Cafe re he wiI1 Pull> and run the faften In this
him V ^°U ^ave Fie^-room, when ever you find BrjqM e^'n t0 run' *ec n^m 8° by flackning the Jharni' and &vm& hi"1 tne Spurs, continually, °^n I' and f°un(%, until he begin to flack of his ever lCcot"d; and ufing him in this Manner when- at lad-6 rUns away w'cn y°u' * dare undertake that ''ke't|y^°u w'^ cure him, there being no Remedy If v for a Run-away Horfe.
Vou a?Ur ^orfe be skittifh and apt to ftart, fo that if it p C never free fr°m Danger whilft on his Back -, are ^r°ceed from a weak Sight, whereby things give i?re^ented to him otherwise than they are, ■aim lrn c'me to vlcvf them well, and then ride fearfU]P ge"tly to them. But if he be naturally SoUnj' ana" apt to ftart at the hearing of any ftrange QUns s> you muft accuftom him to the noife of Win t i Drums, and Trumpets, and in Time he cal<e Delight in them. |
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N 3
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A Com-
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A Compendious
Treatise
O F T H E
Art of Riding.
hefted from the beft Modem Wri-
ters on that Subject. |
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THE
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Hefagb
^ U have in the preceding Part>
kn^r ,t that any Gentleman needs to %^Cthcr- as t0 Bu^in?: &eePing>
of r, 8) Bitting and Breeding, all kinds
cire J^fes, for whatfoever Service they hotj efigned. But there being little or iH •*& of the. Art of Riding contained %hi 7° ^ave annexed to it the follow- Kn ttfe °f Horfetnanftiip, colkBed liaiJj *be Duke of Newcaftle, Sir Wil- Oh *r - °Pe> and the be [I modern Writers ""* SubjeB. de/ign of the enfuing Treatife
ln'it to infiruB fuch who were never isfQ ^ m the Art of Horfemanftip : to ec*ding in the World being capable \n akea Man Mafler of any Pra&ical Peri 'Wn^out having firfi had fome Ex- Hce in it. But as it is not intended for
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The Preface.
for Perfom altogether ignorant ofK\ax^")
fo I dare be bold to promife a great $ __ of Succefs to fuch as fhall diligently fr , Bife thefe Directions ; which is all $ * can be reafonably expeBed from the- " ^ Book that can be written upon any Pr3# cal Arc whatfoever. |
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hO**
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187
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^ Compendious Treatise
°f the Art of Riding. |
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chap. 1.
Of "at Stature and Age a Horfe Jhould be that
is defigned for the Manage.
I^^l Orfes of a middle fize have commonly mod
^ Strength, Spirit, and Agility, and not one ]ar "*■ in a hundred but proves good; when of ther f r*"es not one 'n a th011^111^- Make choice ^ith e °^ a *k°rt truffed Horfe, well coupled, A<5H ^0o^ Feet and Legs, lively, full of Spirit and havp0^' And altho' great Mafters fay, that if a Horfe |
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hevv-,.§reatHead, thick Neck, andflefhy Shoulders,
Ca(il u ^arc^ on tne Hand; yet the Duke of New- J\/eci°"ferves, that he had known more Thick-Hands, |
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he h !^an^ Shoulders, to be light on the Hand, than,
And known of fine Jhaped and Jlender Fore-hands: c^uf • t lt ls ne'cner tne one nor tne other that
if A IC> but meerly the ftrength of his Chine. For flefhs e t^at ^at^ a Sreat Head, thick Neck, and
lighy Moulders, have alfo a good Chine, he will be ffcQ.- °n the Hand : Provided there be no Imper- ii ^!}ln his Legs or Feet, efpecially Before, for then Le~s 4 ^ean on the Hand, to eafe/ the Grief of his ^Jorf "^nc* t'ie Carrier muft cure him and not the Um« eTn?an- For the Art of Riding will not make a me Horfe found. As
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18 S The Compleat Horfeman: or, %
As to the Age moft proper to begin to ^ ng:
Horfe for, the Manage, let him not be too J0 (o Not only becaufe his Underftanding (if we A1 A % call it) is not yet come to him, but alfo l frc- Horfe of three Years old, being but a Grift'^jfl' quent flops and going back, willfpoil him, byl. j,o' ing his Back, and ftreffing his Hams. Nay* a ^ your Horfe be fix, feven, or eight Years °^ <j0fo fhould not ride him above once a Day : For a t*p. being Flefh and Blood, cannot endure fo muc*\0re bour with fo little Reft; and no Exercife is 0ii violent for a Horfe than the Manage : And v y jc ride him twice in one Day, he will not recO ^ in two or three : For if he oppofe his Rider, . \$ all Horfes will do at firft, you muft corre^ jp foundly, and ride him fo long until he obey 1 J) fome fmall meafure ; and by that time you ^jll have rid him fo violently and fo long, that he jefs hardly be fit for Riding next Morning, muC vef to be rid any more that Day. Nor can y013^ give him his Meat, Water or Reft in order; the ^ of which muft make him fick, and fubjecl to n u, Difeafes. Whereas if you ride him modera ^ and when you find him to obey you, then to ^ but a little of him that Morning, that he m*1 ft incouraged to do the fame again, he will th&^g lively and vigorous, take pleafure in you &? ufi Manage, and learn more in one Month, ridin0.^ but once a Day, than he fhall do in three, rJ him twice. |
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CH^'
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*• PerfeB Farrier. 189
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CHAP. II.
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4tyc
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'Cr*ption of the Natural Paces of a Horfe.
1 > /Man can make a Horfe to go perfectly in
a$ly uJfei or Artificial Motions, unlefs he firft ex- H0rfe» erftand the Natural Paces or Motions of a and a *-egs, which are three, viz. a Walk, a Tro/, cJ-uf p ■?•' To which may be added an Amble y CQrrUn ?me -H°r^es naturally have it, and fuch are 0n]y the fwifteft Amblers of any. And firft, Of the Walk.
3-fter \vT a ^or*~e ^ts two Legs of a fide, one
tf he ] e ocher, beginning with a Hind-Leg firft ; as firft pead with the Legs of the right fide, then the tirr^ k°°' ^e fifteth, is his far Hind-Foot, and in the ^ays J" >s fetting it down (which in a Step is al- ^me f j°rt °^ tne tread of his Fore-Foot upon the jWr/u^ fie fifteth his far Fore-Foot, and fetteth it 's fet . eiore his near Fore-Foot: Again, juft as he ^kd.p^ ^own his far Fore-Fcot, he lifts his near ^arp°ot> ar>d fets it down again juft fhort of his *ifts \J?re~Foot, and juft as he is fetting it down, he far p near Fore-Foot, and fets it down before his ^x{^e'foot- And this is the true Motion of a s -Legs upbn his Walk. Of the Amble.
f1 |
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one J s' that in a Walk he lifts two Legs of a fide
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Of /£"" ^e other, whereas in an Amble the two Legs
» fide a )llj.T> a
^orfe be Walking, and you would have him to
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Amble,
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190 The Compleat Horfeman: of, ,
Amble, you muft flay him well upon the Hand) ^
work him forwards with the Calves of your ^ ^ one after the other, and thereby force him tj° ^ down the Fore-Foot of that fide wherewith he »e jC |
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fooner than otherwife he would, which W^ L}t
juft to anfwer the motion of the Hind-Leg 0* A, fide : As for example, if he lead with the Far~i $& |
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he removes his Hind-Leg and Fore-Leg of the Q{
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fide at one time, whilft the other two Leg ^
the Near-fide ftand ftill, which is two of a 6 <*. ^s the Air, and two upon the Ground at the time. See Plate 5. Fig. 9. Of the Trot.
the
A Trot is two Legs in the Air and two uppn j,e Ground at the fame time crofs-wife, or i" ^
form of a St. Andrew's Crofs. And as in the ^ ^
you ftaid your Horfe upon the Hand, and ?xt m
him forwards with the Calves of your Legs onegA'
the other, fo on the contrary, ifyourHorfe be™.A
ing and you would have him to Trot, you muft J ^
your Bridle-hand, and prefs him on with both y ^
Calves at one and the fame time, which will force ^
to advance the Hind-Leg of the fide wherewith <j
did not lead, fooner than otherwife he would, ,^
fo move at the very fame time with the Foft'-$
of that fide wherewith he began to lead; ^iC\(
the true action of the Trot, that is Hind-L^l A
one fide, and Fore-Leg of the other at one
the fame time.
Of the Gallop.
A Horfe in Galloping ftrait forwards, may jo
with which Fore-Leg he pleafeth, altho' Hone put it moft commonly with their right Fore-Leg jj < eg with whatever Fore-Leg they lead, the Hind' J |
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art I. PerfeB Farrier. 191
the fame fide muft follow it, otherwife their Legs
dre faid to be difunited. i o bring a Horfe's Legs right which are difunited,
/Pu muft ftay him a little upon the hand, and help :ltn ^h the Spur upon the contrary fide to that which he is difunited : For example , If he be
sllututed on the right fide, help him with the left ^T> and if he be difunited upon the left fide, then fa^Hte ^'m w'tn t'ie r^ht SPur> ty laying hi"1 a? *
' a little upon the Hand, and alfo helping him
^e fame time with the Calves of your Legs.
^■'though in Galloping ftrait forwards a Horfe
a ay.lead with which Fore-Leg he pleafes, jet in
j, lnle ne js confined to lead always with his
J^e~Leg within the Turn, otherwife he is faid to
t? yfalfe, but in both cafes the Hind-Leg of
0/ u e fide muft always follow. And thus much
the Natural Paces.
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CHAP. III.
S att the Artificial Motions which a Horfe can
make. J^HE Artificial Motions are feven, viz. Terra
a c « Terra, a Demy-Air or Demy-Folt, a Corvet,
aPnole, a Croupade, a Balotade, and a Step, and
^P- Of all which in order.
GaU C a Terra is nothing elfe but a fhort and preft
,j0ll0P With the Crcup in, in which a Horfe's Legs
"love more quick than in an ordinary Gallop,
as l. mark but two times, as Pa, Ta, and not four
'n the Gallop. See Plate 5. Fig. 2.
f> ?" °emy-Air or D»my-Folt is an Air in which the re'Parts of the Horfe are more raifed than in Terra
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19 z The Compleat Horfeman: of-, . ,5
Terra a Terra: Alio the motion of the " ^e
Legs is more quick in Terra a Terra than lfl Demy-Volt.- $& A Corvet is an Air wherein the Horfe's Letvjnd
yet more raifed than in the Demy-Volts, being t^ffe of Leap-up, and a little forwards, wherein the P' jjf raifeth both his Fore-Legs at once, equally adva11 jp (that is when he is going ftrait forwards, and n .^ a Circle) and as his Fore-Legs are falling, n£v-<r, mediately raifes his Hind-Legs as he did the* j,e that is, equally advanced, and not one
before >t
other, fo that all his four Legs are in the A ^0
once, and as he fets them down he marks but times with them. See Plate 5. Fig. 5. . of A Capriole is when a Horfe at the full heigh*- ^r
his L^ yerks or ftrikes out his Hind-Legs <aS $ and even together, and as far out as ever hf. 0f ftretch them, in which Action he makes a no11 Claque with them. SVe P/<2/<? 5. jFzg. 7. ^ A Croupade is a Leap, where the Horfe p°^ \ti.
his Hind-Legs, as if he drew them up to his p See Plate 5. .Rg. 8. ,0 A Balotade is a Leap wherein the Horfe o»er j^
ftrike out with his Hind-Legs but doth it not, j,js making an offer, and Ihewing the Shoes o> ^ Hind-Feet, but does not ftrike. Of thefe thre£' fi Leaps the Capriole is moil efteemed, being the11 perfect Leap of all. tjjf A Step and a Leap is as it were three Airs» x
Pace or Step is Terra a Terra, the raifing is a Ctf' and then the Leap finifhes it. |
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tf*'
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rt *> PerfeB Farrier. 193
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CHAP. IV.
/ the true Seat a Man Jhould hep on Horfe*
back. j^Efore you Come to praftife the Artificial Mo*
thaC U°nS °f the laft Chapter, it will be neceffary Whi>J^U ^nould underftand a true Seat, without fye|i 1E W1ll be impoffible to perform any of them de,. r then, approaching your Horfe's left Shoul-
Mo't °bien'e if the Bridle be well placed in his thino. .' the Curb right, and Girts faft, and every Bjjt|? !.n good order; then taking the Reins of the of t]£ m your left Hand, together with the Pommel fight toddle, or a ^oc"c °^ ^"'s Mane, 'ay y°ur a<Hl 11 }n^ faft upon the hinder part of the Saddle, Vou c'ng yourfelf eafily in the middle of the Saddle, fie]j nil'ft fit upon your Twift, advancing your kee, towards the Pommel as much as you can ; ^rair ^t°Ur Shoulders a little backward, your Legs Th;p.i Wn' as if you were on Foot, and your botP a°d Knees turn'd inward, griping faft with keeiA', P^ar>t your Feet firmly in the Stirrups, and Hee] Crn aim°ft parallel to the Horfe's fides, your n0t a little lower than your Toes, which mould y°Ur tj thorow the Stirrups above two Inches; tj0rr- |^arns ftiff, and Legs not too far from the -j>,e s Sides, nor yet fo near as ta touch them,
left tf ^eins of the Bridle being, as I faid, in your ger r aric\your Thumb upon them, and little Fin- fr0nieParating them, your Elbows a little diftance ^ecky°Ur Body' the Bridie-Hand juft over the the p°* the Horfe, and about three Fingers above 0rr»rnel, and two before it. |
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O When
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Plate 4 ^'titp.xi, of.$up.
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martnunierrv jfcylupn.
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Ihs-Hidt it-mesfr modern J1.* ■
^ Lav^zcn, ri'ttn- iir tLaru. \ |
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•27f/#
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■*V"7:
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ip4 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
When a Horfe makes any rude Motion, you &. .
oppofe it by,a6ting quite contrary to what he do1 ] That is, you muft meet that-^which comes to y°L ' As for Example, if the Horfe rifes before, then y° _ muft incline your Body a little forward to hi^j, In like manner, if the Horfe ftrike out behind, faifes his Croup, you muft put your Body backw^1" j which is contrary to the Horfe's motion •, for c,~ you follow the Horfe, you would put your B° . £ forward, and fo be in danger of being thrown. *< beft way therefore is to fit {trait as much as poult* ' and then the Action of the Horfe will keep yoUuF on your Twift. |
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CHAP. V.
I'he true Method offuppUng a Horfe s Shoulders, °
firfl riding him upon Circles. TO make aHorfe obey the Hand and Heel o> f
Rider, is the only aim of the whole Art i Horfemanfhip % and to make him obey your Hal1 j, you muft firit fupple his Shoulders. Now it 's \ ■Ways the inward Rein of the Cavezon, and in** e Leg of the Rider, with the outward Rein of l . Bridle which doth this: Therefore practife 1° j Horfe upon this Leffon of the Cavezon's Rein a j Leg of a fide, until you find him very fupple il . eafy to turn, and alfo very light. This muft be d° \ upon large Circles, of one Pifte or Thread. #° {hall firft fhew you how to fix your Cavezon. .m Take one of the Reins of your Cavezon (w -c|i is alfo to have a Headftal and Chaulband) W1 A |
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muft be of a good length, with a Ring at one e,g
of it •, through which draw the other end o' J Reinj until you makeaNoofe or Loop at th& 0{ |
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jrt *• PerfeB Farrier. i o ?
of the T? • '
the P next t0 tne ^^nS' which Loop put over
Uei f mel °f the Saddle> making the reft of the
fore \°\ come down between your Thigh, and the the a . er of the Sadd!e> and then put the reft of that ff111 t^irough the Ring of the Cavezon upon t0w '^rne fide, and bring the end of it back again Iw^d You, either to hold in your Hand (which fiiDni- a'Ways advife you to do, fo long as you are Bucl 1S °f a Horfe's Shoulders) or to faften with a ^ain fi t0 t^e ^ommcd °f the Saddle, there to re- han j xc, fo long as you intend to ride him to that faft. uP°n which the Rein of the Cavezon is made that' k when you have done with riding him to |
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>the
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d> do the fame with the Rein upon the
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o
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fid
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of fi01"" Cavezon being thus ordered, and the Reins
rjo.[ e -oridle in your left Hand, if you go to the op J Pull with your right Hand the inward Rein tyjtu- Cavezon low, and towards your Knee, y0 ltl the Volt or Circle, helping him alfo with Sh0, ]~f& within the Turn, to bring in his outward this • ' which is Rein and Leg of a fide; and f0_ Is t0 be done firft upon a Step, the Bridle-hand tWr > at low, and a little upon the infide of the Vjp e s Neck ; but now and then you muft carry ir. ap-aj the outfide, and then immediately bring it aft'e to its place, which is a little upon the infide; *hall firds again place it upon the outfide as you iHty |jnd occafion for it : Now this pulling of the thej ^e'n °f the Cavezon, and helping alfo with. and nf1"^ ^e§ or Spur, giveth aHorfea goodPlye-, al^a 0ugh the principal aid of the Bridle fhould be the Jj w*tn the outward Rein, which is to carry the • nd a little upon the infide of his Neck, yet carr 1I1Ward Rein is alfo made ufe of (which is to to Pl,the Bridle-hand upon the outfide of his Neck) ^ino- arSe the Circle, and prevent a Horfe's ftrait- r dofing it too much. It alfo gives him an O 2 Apuy, |
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196 The Compleat Horfeman: of,
Apuy, by making him endure the Bit, for ,g
makes it both work upon his Bars and Places oi CUTrfb* -ri u- Teffo'1
If you continue a little upon a Step, this i->cl r
of Rein and Leg upon a Side, you will find 1'
Horfe to grow eafy upon it, which will prepare n (
for a good Trot, and to gallop large upon Cirde j,
one Pifte or Tread, his Croup always out, *l1.',,c
will fupple his Shoulders extreamly, efpecially jj' $
without the Turn, fo that it may pafs for the t>
of all Leffons-, the fuppling of the Shoulders bel t
the Foundation of a good Manage, and that w*
all good Horfemen fhould at firit chiefly aim a*' *
However, the working thus with Rein and v
of a Side, the Horfe's Croup out, doth at firft pu 5 Horfe very much upon his Shoulders, and ri^ t him alfo to prefs a little too hard upon the Bit j „ in five or fix Days riding he will be no more up.^ his Shoulders, but upon the contrary, he will bee. to ply his Haunches, and endure to be kept up them, if you fupport him a little with the Br"! and ftay him upon the Hand now and then, an" mediately flack it again. <j* You muft alfo know, that in performing l^
Lefibn, if you do not bring in the Horfe's outvv't(, Shoulder with it, you do nothing-, and therefore 0 bring it in, you muft caufe the inward Shoulder ^ tome back within the Turn, as.it were towards J \s that fo it may be prefled, and carry the ^ u "Weight of the fore-parts of the Horfe, while at jt fame time the outward Shoulder is at Liberty tba c(i may fupple •, fo that altho' you are now and l ^ to carry your Bridle-hand without his Neck 5 <J you muft immediately replace it again within, ^ work with the outward Rein of the Bridle, that3 (J may bring in his outward Shoulder ; for if a z\° 0i Shoulders be not very eafy and fupple, it win „ Qnly be a means to make hira refift and defend v^ |
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f *• PerfeB Farrier. 197
b}e t§ainft you, but it will alfo make him uncapa-
°U£hr Pei"foi"m any thing in the Manage as he thi^'r' and nothing doth more fupple them than |
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vezon
N,
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effon of Rein and Leg of a fide with the Ca-
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Horr^ Jt. y°u perform this LefTon exactly, the
bly 1e s "'nd-Legs will make two Circles confidera- his plr§er than thofe made by his Fore, and altho' and [°UP ^e very mucn out» and that he inclines Olakp^113 *~° veiT much upon his infide, as may |
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mUci y°u apprehenfive that he will fall, yet it is fo
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thanr' !"Cure » therefore give him no other Leffbn
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nllr' lls uPon the Trot and Gallop, either in large or
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ai1(j ,vv Circles, until his Shoulders be well fuppled,
. • that v^,, fi„^ i,;„, ~.,n~„ i:„u,. «.,.. a~ „^ u„ |
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gin at y°u find him gallop light: But do not be-
head ° Sa'lop him until you find him fo light and ty'-,g that he offer to gallop of his own accord, this *s trotting after this manner •, and ufing ne^^od, you fhal 1 firft fupple him upon a Walk,
t%t ll^0n a Trot' an(^ cnen upon a Gallop. See is p |,^- Fig. 6.. but there the Cavezons inward Rein and n'Sn, and crofs the Horfe's Neck as it were, m0r not low towards the Knee, and therefore is
Sh0 j Pr°per for a fhorc Troc than fuppling of che Hat kS' ahho' it be very good for both. Now may , tri been faid of going to the right Hand, fere e eafi!y applied to going upon the left, the dif- Brid]Ce D.e'nS on'y this, that you mull hold your |
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20tl» w'th your right Hand, and pull the Cave-
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mward "Rein with the left.
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CHAP.
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O3
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198 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
CHAP. VI.
How to flop a Horfe, and make him go back-
S to Stopping, you mould at firft pra&ȣ.
but feldom, and very gently, and ftop n, . rather by degrees, and with two or three FalC& or times, than all at once and upon a fuddeni ,-g this weakens the Reins and Back of a young H° . very much who hath not been accuftomed to Therefore when you intend to make a Stop, P. g your Body and Shoulders a little back to make t Horfe ply his Haunches, and griping him fowe^11 ; hard with your Thighs, pull the inward Rel? ^ the Cavezon, and make him in this pofture to f°r pretty firm Stops, at the fame time helping ^ L with your outward Leg •, but you muft never tempt fuch Stops until your Horfe begin to be l'e> , and eafy upon his Trot •, and when you find tP he begins to fupple and gallop light, his Head and Croup out, then accuftom him to freque ,j flopping-, to perform which exactly, you muft P hard, as I faid, the inward Rein of the Cavez0 ' and make your outward Leg by approaching it n > his fide, bring in your Horfe's outward Hind-L- ^, otherwife he cannot ftop upon his Haunches, .e caufe his outward Haunch would be without ft Volt. You muft alfo take care, when you are "^ teaching him to ftop, not to make him advance rife before, for this hath fpoiied many a Horfe, c king them at leaft pull to rife fo high before,l gr they are in danger of Renverfing, or coming ° A upon their Rider. Therefore never teach your H \\ to rife before after you ftop him, until he be v^j fettled upon the hand ; for indeed the raifing ° 0i Horfe before, or ujaen Pefates, fhould be °ne(jie |
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art I. Perfect Farrier. 199
^e laft things a Man fhould teach his Horfe, or
ne may happen to fpoil him. See Plate 4. Fig. 7.
j l[ you would have your Horfe go back upon a
*v.ra^ Line, then leaning back a little with your
tl° /' atl(a Peking your Thighs, pull equally both
Reins of the Cavezon, one being in each Hand
ery ftrongly, to fee if you can force him back but
1 • e Ungle ftep or two at firft-, for if you can bring
'"n to perform that, he will in a fhort time do
j-01^' but if he altogether oppofe you, by fixing
t ore-Legs upon the Ground, and remaining im-
„ °vable as a Rock, then pull hard the Reins of the
r^zan one after the other, as if you were fawing
Wood, and this perhaps will make him yield to
ji l!- # But if notwithstanding this he ftill refill you,
en it is a fign his Shoulders are not yet fupple e-
, ugh for it, therefore continue to fupple them yet
^er> and then he will certainly comply with you.
■fnus you muft do to make your Horfe go back in
Strait Line, which is the moft ufeful; but if you
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J?uld make him go back in a Circle, then make ufe
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» the inward Rein of the Cavezon, and outward
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e§> Juft as you was ordered to do upon a Stop,
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I j io make him go back in a round, which will
"-p P alfo to put him upon his Haunches, Note, lac altho' I advifed you to make but gentle Stops j the beginning, yet I do not fay the fame of go- n§ back, becaufe the fooner you accuflom him to §° back, the fooner will he be put upon his Haun- |
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ches.
a -^-fter ypu have fuppled his Shoulders fufficiently,
^. you ftill find him hard on the Hand, by not Q.lng upon his Haunches, then trot him upon large Qj!rc, s°f one Pifte or Tread, of at leaft twenty four _ thirty Foot Diameter, and ftop him often with ^ etcy hard ftops, helping him always with, your a ,Ward Leg, to bring in his outward Haunch; a y°ur Shoulders and Body a little baqk, 'ftop him O 4 thus
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2 0o The Compleat Horfeman: or,
thus when he leaft thinks of it : But if he inclif£
ftop of himfelf, then prefs him forward without ^°\^ ping of him, and then upon a hidden ftop him af5 . when he is not expediting it. Repeat this often W ' on the Trot and Gallop, which will both fettle n* on the Hand, and put him upon his Haunches: " ■' after you have gained this point, you muft not p ' clife this LciTon fo frequently as before, becauitj ^ pinches a Horfe too much on the back, and m;i|s ( iiim afraid to go frankly forwards: Therefore y°l Discretion mult guide you, and, as I have told y° j you muff accuftom him to ftop upon a Walk aI\ Trot before you adventure to ftop him upon a V'■ ]op, otherwife you may pinch his Reins, {train "J Back-finews, and make him utterly to difguft t Manage. |
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CHAP. VII.
tlow to make a Horfe fenfible and obedient to ^'
Heels, or to anjwer exaStly the Spurs. |
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"7"Aving in the two preceding Chapters ft>e
_J. you how to work and fuppie a Horfe's Sh°l |
n
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a A"
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ders, with the Cavezon Rein in your Hand,
not tied to the Pommel of the Saddle, which i- better half of your work ; I will now teach c other half, which is to make him obey your Hee and to work Shoulders and Croup together, the * vezon's inward Rein being (till kept in your hi11* and not tied to the Pommel. f Pall the inward Rein of the Cavezon with y° ^
hand to bring in his outward Shoulder, and pf him upon the infideof the Turn, that his LegsV but the Turn may be at liberty to lap over his ward Legs, which is called bv Horfemen Pafa£f'$ |
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md is performed for the molt part with the putw ^
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ratt I
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PerfeB Fan
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Keir. ,
Horfe t
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the Bridle and outward Leg , that fo
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a
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onf LeSs may have the more Liberty to lap the
fotnet-Ver another, however the inward Rein is SiloulHmeS to be made u{"e of to ftay nim' if his
Le(r0^ers §° too far before his Croup. The firft w'th h" ^U ^ha^ §'ve h'm upon paffaging, mull be
\v.lr':| n ^ead to a Wall or Pallifade, pulling the in- are B • ln °f the Cavezon, to whatever Hand you time -ln^' ^ard l0 y°u' and helping at the fame W'lVs V'lt'1 ^our outwar^ ^eg> to make him go fide- bef0' ap;d with the half of his Shoulders always give l • s Croup •, if he do not obey your Heel, alio rirn t'?e Spur gently upon that Side. You may Pieu0rnecimes give him this Leffon in the open . IfV0nSO Plate+ Fti- 9~
titig , ;'!" Horfe will not aniwer your Heel, by put--
up0 "is Croup, but throweth it always out, and Pull u°Ur Spur, then his Head being to the Wall, Turn lle °utward Rein of the Cavezon from the fpur l."elping him alfo with your outward Leg, and inf,]!-,"?1 ai'0 if there be need for it : Now this will f*lfe l/ ^orce in his Croup, but then he will go irio- L jj-'caufe the outward Rein of the Cavezon be- fo y ^> wi^l make him look from the Turn, and Hick ^r°up will go before his Shoulders, than you j. n°thing can be more falfe : Therefore after fall t aVe VVrought him thus falfly, to cure his Vice, "Vyi true way of Riding again.
f.\ge ^n your Horfe obeys your Heel upon the Paf- Leff0 nS a Wal1' then work h im with the fame CaVln uPon large Circles, pulling, as I faid, the °Utvv °a's inward Rein hard to you, to bring in his he'pina Shoulder'
bending his Neck extreamly, and
Hein g Wlth your outward Leg, which is Leg and
half 0r, ?0ritrary Sides, taking always care that the do n ls Shoulders go before his Croup, and if he \vith0t an^Wer your Heel, then give him the Spur y°ur outward Leg; alfp whatever Hand you teach
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IQ% The Compleat Horfeman: or,
teach him to Paffage upon firft, make him "0
much to the other, which is but changing Br1 j |
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hand, Cavezon-Rein and Leg, and when you
him qbedient in Pafiaging upon large Circles, s Croup in (which will put him upon his HaundJ j/ .then make him go the Paffage in little.Circles, wtlo^, Piameter is little longer than his own length- Plate 5, Fig, i, _ _' ^ flS Your Horfe being perfe£b in the aforefaid Le" j
of PafTaging along a Wall, and in Circles up0 c0 Trot to either hand his Croup in, then put hltlfl - a fbort or flow Gallop upon large Circles his Cf0j in, after this manner: Pull the Cavezon's 'in',van(l Rein hard to you on the infide of his Neck, £. * help him with your outward Leg, poifing or relt « a little more upon your outward Stirrup than UP ., the inward, taking alio care to advance you1'.°. ward Shoulder, to whatever hand you are g°!rllue and tnus bend his Neck extreamly, that he may ffi preffed upon the outfide of the Turn, and his J-' 0, 2X liberty within the Turn, which is mofb proper . u the fhort Gallop his Croup in, or Terra, a Terra,*1** * are near the fame, Help him alfo now and v ^ with your Voice, and make him form good St°r See Plate 4. Fig. 8. . y When your Horfe is perfect in thefe LeffonS)
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the help of the Cavezon's inward Rein held in "j0 ^
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Han-d, \ would then advife you to fix it wit 11
Buckle to the Pommel of the Saddle, and to V°j a little more with the Bridle, that he may underfta its operation upon his Bars, and the place of ' \ Curb a little better than he hath done hitherto, % ^ \o work him upon all the former Leffons, but 0 « more upon a Square than upon a Circle, and iee t 1 yon make him round the Angles well: For it is fc>a „ |
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helping fer-^
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rt *• PerfeB Farrier. 20*
fllp ,Pa^ with the outward Rein of the Bridle to
to 1 u-S Shoulders ; or Rein and Leg contrary, upo 1 uPon h>s Haunches ; and preffing him \vjt, ■ le outfide of the Turn, give his Legs liberty
vyarjn^ . P'ng him f°r tne moft part with the in- f0n .^-ein of the Bridle and outward Leg, and wheetl[/es alf° with the outward Rein °^ t!ie Bridle»
ton n Shoulders go too far out, and his Croup go r j er good Leffon is this; make your Horfe
Put '5eways' or Paff;lge him upon one Hand, then |
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th
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"im forwards twice or thrice his own length ;
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an 1 ^ake him go fideways upon the other Lland,
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f0 Put him forwards again, and fo fideway and
ards from Hand to Hand, which will make him t 'attendve tothe motion of your Hand and Heels: ^ tne open Fields are more proper for this perfor- |
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ce, than a clofe or covered Mana
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"S3
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e.
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Tk •
th r5. lnward Rein of the Cavezon being tied to
th i}^lrt"ns' or pulled low within the Turn towards ^ Oder's Knee, worketh a Horfe's outward Shoul- hj ' PtefTes his Legs within the Turn, and leaves ^ ^egs at Liberty without the Turn, is excellent in for i5ln? or Galloping upon Circles of one Tread; his iupplcs his Shoulders his Croup being a little k .' which brines in his outward Shoulder more: to dllo excellent in Paffaging his Croup a little in, ^tifik ^m w'tn tne more ea^e ^aP one Leg over
tier ' becaufe by tne help of it his outward Shoul- t0 ls brought in ; but if you mould prefshis Croup ^e ^uch in, it would be impoffible for him to go, W C t'le Re'n being tied to the Girths or pulled an ,' worketh and bringeth in his outward Shoulders, bad u- Putt'ng his Buttock too much in, you put AcV outv/ard Shoulder, which is a quite contrary i^ i0n> and cannot be done at the fame time. This cles u ^e*n 's a"° exceh'ent for Corvets upon Cir- 5 oecaufe it brings in the Horfe's outward Shoul- der, |
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zo4 The- Compleat Horfeman: orr
der, and confequently gives liberty to the Cro«P'
Now in i'M thefe Leffons if his outward Should come not in enough, you muft then turn your & die-hand a little within his Neck, which will v/or^ the outward Rein, and confequently help to brH>* in the outward Shoulder, and make your Horfe W pfe and eafy to Turn. > . But as this tying of the Cavezon's inward *c g
to the Girths, or pulling it low, makes an obliq^ Line within the Turn, and therefore worketh. W Horfe's outward Shoulder-, fo fecondly, the fa1" Rein tied faft to the Pommel of the Saddle, majtf an oblique Line crofs the Horfe's Neck, which LW ♦ with the help of the Rider's outward Leg, putsba<> the Horfe's outward Shoulder, and forwards his lfl" ward Shoulder, and fo prefies him upon the outfit* of the Turn, and gives his Legs liberty within & Turn, which is moft proper for Terra a Terra, ° the fhort Gallop, his Croup in, but is nought 1° Corvets, becaufe it fubjeds his Croup too much,» yet it works his Croup mightily, either Leg and W1' contrary, his Croup out, or in PaJJaging his Croup '* upon narrow Circles of his own length or a h^1. larger. Therefore when you have a Horfe's Be*; to "he Wall, if you would work his Shoulders, pu the Cavezon's inward Rein low, and towards yOu Knee; but if you would work his Croup, then p^ it crofs his Neck, with your Nails up, and toward your out-ward Shoulder, _ Having now (hewn you the. different Operatic"
of the Cavezon's inward Rein, when tied to the Girt™. and pulled lorn, or tied to the Pommel and pulled H and crofs the Horfe's Neck, which is of great conlj quence to be exaftly underftood by any Perfon *& defigns to be a compleat Horfeman; I fhall n° fhew you to what degree of ftraitnefs that fame * ward Rein mould be drawn, when firft to be rnad faft to, either Pommel or Girths; You muft then dra |
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art I. PerfeB Farrier, to j
Xvie,^ZSRo ftraiter, than to make your Horfe look
th one Eye jnto tfie Turn, that is only juftfo ftraic Vo ft! he may not loo!c out of the CJ'lir'h becauie if
y ^ ihould drav/ it ftraiter, he not being as yet ac- a] °ft1-e^ t0 *c' *£ wou^ make him to turn round
^°ft in one place, inftead of going forward, and be
ft)1" means to make him become i?^/?)1; therefore
'ten the Rein of the Cavexon proportionably, as
y u 'hall find your Horfe well accuftomed to ride th his Neck thus plied and bent, fo that at length hi UpV'^ come to make him look with almoft both g , yes into the Volt or Turn, which will make his is &■ P^' anc^ form a Part °f the Circle wherein he g Riding, which is the true and exact Pofture of a v °^ a R-eady Horfe, in going his Manage upon v °lt or Circle, his Croup in.
^°ur Horfe being perfectly well accuftomed to
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Perform an his Leffons with the Cavezon's mwarc
fei» thus tied to the Pommel of the Saddle, per- ,e<^ him with the the Bridle alone, working him ftill !JP0r» a Square, making him to point a little out with ftis Head at each Corner or Angle, and then to r°ljnd them well. There is no Leffon comparable to Pafiaging the
r°uP in, to make a Horfe obey the Hand and Heel,
^ to raife him now and then upon Pefates, and *hen Paffage him again: But as I have already told 1% your Horfe muft be well advanced before you ^venture to make him rife before, or you may hap- pClJ ^ fpoil him. A ftiall conclude this Chapter with a few very
fcf,1l Directions as followeth. w ,f your Horfe prefs forward too much, ftay him r'1 upon the Hand or pull him back: If he offer ° go back, prefs him forward : If he go fide-ways
1 gainft your will t0 the right Hand, put him fide- 'ays upon the left; and fo on the contrary. If he
put his Croup too much out, by throwing it upon a your
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20 6 The Compleai Horfeman: or,
your outward Heel, then with your outward Sp'
put it in •, a,nd if he puts it, in too much, by thr° ing it upon your inward Heel, then with your ' |
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ward Spur force it out again. If he go too nnl' ^
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upon his Shoulders, then ft op him frequently, a, g
make him go back, and alfo flay him well upon l' |
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Hand, as you are galloping him ; but if he go tip
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his Hanches, then continue him fo. It he rz/<? W. ^
when you would not have him, then as he is &"'?£ give him the Spurs-, and being thus put from own Will to yours, he will become a Ready Ho>j1' CHAP. VIII.
'The true and exa£i Method to make a Horf? &
Terra a Terra. TH E Square for Terra a Terra, is preferable t0 \
Circle; therefore work your Horfe always _ui on a pretty large Square of twenty four or th'r' |
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Foot Diameter, and do you fitflrait in the Sad
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poifing a little more upon your outward Stirrup
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tb^
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Id
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your inward, but do not lean too much upon
only the outward Leg to be a little longer than . inward, and the inward Leg to be a little befoi"e ' and but a very little neither. You muft reft all u? on the Twifi and Stirrups, and fit as near to the P° e, mel of the Saddle as you can, your outward Leg, CK to the Horfe, with the Knee of it turned inwar 0 and fliff in the Ham to bring the Calf of your \P the nearer to the Horfe's fide. Then for the B?'1jjj Hand, if you are going to the Rigbt-Hand, put y° , Hand upon the outfide of his Neck, turning up 1° little Finger to make it refpecl: your Left-Should which will pull the inward Rein that lieth above y0^ little Finger, your Arm being a little oblique ft0. your Body, and your Left-Shoulder turned a liccl^ j, vvh1
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art I. Perfect Farrkr. toy
ft/^ 7'11 ma.ke y°ur Body refpeft a little the Right*
j-j0 I an^ this pofture will of neceffity make the tUr rle 8° a little couched upon his outfide. You muft Tur ^°Ur ^ead and lo°k upon the infide of the ke n to the infide of the Horfe's Head, which will ]0 , means to keep your Hand fteddy •, for did yoil B}<j}° y°ur inward Shoulder, it would remove your J0 \ le'}iand too much within the Turn, and did you Sb >i between the Horfe's Ears, your outward }(. u er would not come in enough, lb that neither' lh'o> ?I ^0u' nor tne ^or^e' would be oblique as you 4p i y°ur Bridie-Hand in rounding the corners of' theR Q^l^iQ Square, muft be carried circularly with ji^He, mdjteddily, but yet only fo as to feel him; by ,°w the Horfe being thus couched upon his outfide^ '^a a\ ^^mz °f y°ur Body, the pulling of the in~- ]jn *\ein of the Bridle enlarges him before, by pul- p° as ]t were his inward Fore-Leg from the outward Vn/'^g '■> which puts his inward Hind-Leg near to his jjj^ ard Hind-Leg, which narrows hirn behind, ma- W# m to bow in the Garnbreh, efpecially in his thr ii Hinder-Leg whereon he refteth moftj and ^ith ^'s lnwara% Hind-Leg under his Belly, which Ver t'le helps above-mentioned, makes him go itio P111^ upon his Haunches: For the Horfe be- lool -S Pre^ uPon t^ie out^de, muft of neceffity bein VVlc^'n the Square or Turn; and his Fore-Parts' of rP entarged, will make him embrace the Corners R- ^Square the better when he is to round them : |
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Mis
For ~yu~JL'egs alio being witnin tne jumes or nis
anj ~*~:elsj> he muft needs be upon the Haunches j fl0 j.s inward. Fore-Leg being in a manner pulled Wljj i^ °utward Fore-Leg, his inward Fore-Leg with tvQrd'fr 'ea(^s wul appear to be longer than his oztf* Or $ re~Leg, and make the firft and largeft Circle Leo^^f'' Which is right, and fo his outward Fore* *he tK make the fecond, and his inward Hind-Leg hlr^> becaufe it is thruft fo much before his outward
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io8 The Compleat Horfeman: or, -5
outward Hind-Leg, and under his Belly ; and th^ft
outward Hind-Leg will make the fourth and ^ Square or Circle, becaufe it is fo much piled l(i Gambrel by refting upon it. il0o Remember that you keep not your Bridle-ha^A
high, but low, thatfo your Horfe may go lo^ j,f preft, becaufe he will always go according f .ife height of your Hand : Now Terra a Terra fh°u Q^ ways be low and preft. But I muft alfo tel' >m that the pulling the inward Rein of the Bridle V\ $ the Horfe upon the outfide, weighs him up, 8° v/ him upon the Haunches, efpecially upon his old *. Hind-Leg, fo that all his Body leaneth upon the ^ fide, and he cannot bring in his outward Sboulder\$ it is bound up as it were, to give his Fore-Leg^ $ the Turn Hfeerty to lead. Now you may kn°v .,;- his Neck, whether he is couched or leans uponh1*, ^ Jide or not; for if he do, his Neck will lean al 0- the outfide, and your Body, if you follow the ^ tion of the Horfe, will incline to be concave on ^ outfide, and convex within, which would be very flp becoming, and therefore you muft, as much as * J. fible, prevent it 5 fo that the Horfe being thus P ^ and couched upon the outfide, bringeth l.n m Haunch as he mould do, and hath three Legs in'J Air at once, to wit, his two Fore-Legs and his itf® Hinder-Leg, with a leap forward low -mdprefu jJs The fame directions muft be obferved for the 1
Hand as for the right, only altering the BridU'"'^ Body and Legs; and for the Bridle-handit is nece^1 ^ that when you go on the left Hand, you fhould tjj your Hand on the contrary fide of his Neck, ^ -d is without, your Arm clofe to your Body* j,is Knuckles of your Bridle-hand turned toward8 ^ Neck, which will pull the inward Rein of the p^- for the left Hand, becaufe it lies under your little <J ger, and this will make both your Body -^ the HQrfe's qblique, and alfo make every ^j(& |
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-art I. PerfeB Farrier. 200
aniwer, as well in going to the left Hand, as it
Bln §oing to the right.
y, uc ir you intend to change Hands upon Terra a
jjjaj>t then your Body being ftill oblique with the
rle s> and your Knuckles towards his Neck, and
P°n the out-fide of it, to which Hand foever you
going let his Shoulders firft come in a little before
wh" ? 8e n'm' an^ then help him with that Leg,
holt? WaS l^e inwat"d before you changed, and then,
fid ln^ ^'m UP w't^1 your Bridle-hand upon the out-
Sh u ^'S Neck, put him forwards. Now why his
him • J *houh^ come in a little before you change
j^ ' ls to fix his Croup that it may not go out.
and a^° t0 ke always ftifF in the Hams>
br: to keep your Heels down, that fo you may
is r^ t^le halves of your Legs to him; the fame
p, ° obferved in changing upon Demy-Volts. See
ate 5- Fig. 2.
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CHAP. IX.
Of changing upon Demy-Volts.
Y °u muft fit oblique, your Hand on the outfide,
Of y°ur outward Leg clofe to him, the Knuckles ^a/°Ur Bridle-hand towards his Neck, and when he ha]fCs hh Demy-Volt, let him go a little more than and m, n' to fix his Croup before you change him; then LCn help him with the inward Leg firft, and tlie °'d him up with your Hand, and a little on but btfide of his Neck- This from the Wal1 is beft'
thr0n\a Wall it cannot be; for you cannot go be b gh the Wall, and therefore by a Wall it can may u'a M Half-Turn or Demy-Folto, which you fure r P with the inward or outward Rein at plea- keeA £ y°u keep his Croup to the Wall, that he may * "»S Linej and not falfify his Demy-Volto. Make P ufe
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Plates/ ChajJ •' XXVI of"blip
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P. /■
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Jw:
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Tif-
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2-
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A true, and p& fat-
upen narrjm Circled J^efkUand- |
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.d b-ue andjurfectiPi
io Ac rigkl-JrTand . |
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Mj/um large Circle^X^r^'J^^^^
to tAe lefbiLYand. |
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Tf:4*
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Ftp 6
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true a/id exact may. cj
g^. rat/in? a-JSoifi before upon |
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Xltc true and exact may .ofteaching
didcrji. all kind, of kigk ylyrtj f by Me help of one Single pillar only. |
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ejalec or Ccrtfett.nnthout
tkeHelri of die Tdlars. |
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Tig: 8
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Fw7
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■£"/ <W and ecract way,
"J. 4!*% aHcrfetogo 1/1 ^rfok. * |
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■ddteb-ue and exact may. of teaduna
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A-JZLOr/e /-n ~» ,'„ f~~
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■ujiadt.
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21 o The Compkat Horfeman: or,
ufe always of the outward Rein, when you ^° 0,
bring in his outward Shoulder. I fhould nextPjg ceed to fpeak of Corvets, but becaufe a ^?of, jfhould be perfect in Pefates before he comes to'-' vets, I fhall explain them to you. |
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CHAP. X.
Of Pefates.
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Pefate is when a Horfe rifes handfomely be'*?
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e
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- t"1?
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and upon his Haunches, and at the fame1-; eQ
bends his Fore-Legs up to his Body. Now thislS ,Q neceffary an Aftion, that without a Horfe ca-'V-. e it perfectly, he fhall never go well in any Ayr. .£j Cavezon's inward Rein being in your Hand, of} Q{ to the Pommel, help him with the outward Re'nolj the Bridle, and in Paflaging raife him as high as 1.^ can, and hold him there gently, without giving -^ occafion to fret; then walk him a little, andraiie ^ again, and do this quite round the Volt or ^ U Circle you are workinghim upon, which will i^^ him in a fliort time to form a true Pefate. ™, ^ akho' your Horfe muft be perfect in Pefates be ,j you offer to put him upon any Ayr, yet they f»° js never be taught him at firft Riding, before "j pretty far advanced in the Manage, and be fen obedient to the Hand and Heels. fjt If your Horfe do not encline to rife eafily "e J-
upon Pefates, when you are upon his Back, r" [[}$ him between the Pillars, as in Plate 5. Fig. A-^J <c him with two Rods upon the outfide of his f jp Thighs, and in a fliort time he will come to° A Now I do not think that the Pillars ferve f°r 0\i other ufe but this, neither would I ever advi^^S to make ufe of them but in this cafe; and fo f° $$> ever you find your Horfe to rife eafily, then ^ |
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y J* Perfe£l Farrier. 211
hijjj TUte from them, with a Refolution never to put
Confl: .e-:w'xt them again-, fori afiure you, they alf0 ai.n and fubject a Horfe's Croup too much, and ^°uld % h'm to go by Rote' which is whaC a Man
na&in ^un as much as any one thing in the ma- abfoj ^ °. a Horfe: But the ufe of the Cavezon doth
becauf ety he'P t^S; f°r w^h it he cannot go by Rote,
thin? e with it, neither the Eyes nor Ears do any
Heej,' buc the Horfe merely obeys the Hand and
Wv °fhis ^der, which maketh all Horfes go per-
j/> and rarely fails.
thincfVer force or prefs yourHorfe too much to any
efpe^' as Going-back, Stopping or Rifing-before,
preft y young Horfes, which fhould never bemuch
do, ' n°r ftopt too hard or Ihort at firft ; for if you
Bacjc may give them fuch a Crick or Taint in the
Tr0t ^ they may never recover. The Stop upon a
On a ^ould be hard and on a fudden; the Stop up-
And '°P> with two or three little Falcadoes:
ar>d ra-fVer ftoP and rai*"e him toSether, but flop firft
lle him afterwards. |
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CHAP. XL
For Corvets Jirait forwards.
J 0 r, eat muft be the fame as in 'Terra a Terra,
""'dlel/ not altogether fo ftiff nor fo oblique, the loWarj ,n.d even with his Neck, and your Knuckles tfie j> S jls Neck on which hand foever he goes, bur. §ers J ftill juft over his Neck, two or three Fin- tuc ativ°Vf the Pommel, and a little forward, with- ^and. rtner Help but to ftay him a little upon thg ^a'i v every Horfe will take hisown time better 111 th°UoCan give ic lTim' but quicl-c lt ftould be fy the J, ound»and then ftay
him in the Air up-
land, your Body always going to that end P 2 of |
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lit The Compteat Horfeman: afj %
of the Hoffe which comes to you, that is, ^ ^e
little to him* as he rifes, but fo infenfibly t: lS Spectators may not perceive ir: You are allot0'', t„ forward to the Pommel as you can, your Body ^ -j ing ftrait, and your Thighs and Knees as clofe m they were glued to the Saddle, but your Toes *' ej down and low, that you may have your ^0jjj weak from the Knees downwards, and ftrong^v the Knees upwards, and do not help him with ) ^ Legs at all, unlefs he put in his Croup too ^ a. which muft be put out with your inward -^ °a or put out his Croup too much, which muft be L, in with your outward Leg: But except in thefe ci .. or that he go not forward enough at each timev > verhelphim with your Legs, but leave hisCrouP, and at liberty to follow his Fore-Parts which lea ' ^ To make him go in Corvets ftfait-forwards, ° ^ long a Wall, tie the Cavezon's Rein which is'\$ the Wall, to keep that Hind-Leg near to the o1^ Hind-Leg which is next the Wall,and begin with ,^ or three Pefates, and then walk him forwards z^m then corvet him again -, and if you feel him ofl j\ Hand, and that he alfo go forward with it, he j,, quickly be dreft; but if he prefs forward too ^ a\ then caufe him to make his Corvets in one place? e then put him on again. But to make this & a plain, fuppofe it be your right Shoulder that is *ly the Wall, then you muft tie the left Rein of the 1 vezontothe Pommel, which doth not only keep Rjs the Hind-Legupon the fame fide the Cavezon Re A tied, but alfo fupples and prepares him to go Cot" a upon the Volts to the left Hand. Again, if \tbrf ■$ left Shoulder which is to the Wall, tie the right K. of the Cavezon to the Pommel for the fame Res' , firft walkinghim, and then raifinghim upon Cor ^ until you make him continue his Corvets wxi \$ intermiffion the whole length of the Wall, ^rtf for the Bridle-hand you muft remember that in' $ |
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Ve v Per feci Farrier. 213
next- t°r^.ar^ y0^ are always to help with the Rein
t>et0re e ^a^ or outward Rein, to enlarge him With' l'' ain tC> narrow n'm behind, becaufe he leads keepjf Fore-Parts, and his Hind-Parts follow to iWe-P ^r°unc* which his Fore-Parts have got, his j^ arts being atliberty, and his Hind-Parts preft. he dol0'ar Horfe beat upon the Hand, it is becaufe cafe VCS n0C enc^ure or °bey the Curb, and in that hold i°U rnu^; ra^e n'm very ^'gh uPon Pefates, and and tn''?1 tnei*e, which will put him upon the Curb, then r ^H*1 endure it ; but if this will not do, Dther a^°p him upon a fixait Line by a Wall, or Hand a^S' apc* ^rorn ^'s Gallop ^ay him upon the
gal|0 ' atld then let him go in Corvets ; or let him taife ?. 0rward a fhort Gallop, then flop him and hiff, lrn three or four Pefates very high, and hold ^fob u- ^e Hand when he is up ; and this in all and a. ^ty will cure him ; if not, then trot him, hii-f,, °P him with good hard Stops, and alfo pull the fjac^ Sometimes, and this will fettle him upon and r a^: Your Stirrups rauft be of an equal length, ^ch f er a hole too frjort than too long. And fo °r Corvets forwards. See Plate 5. Fig. 5, For Corvets fideways,
y'l^h v as * ^^' with the Bridle only, and not
if y0l| °Ur Legs, and putting his Head to the Wall, Heif, Bo to the right-hand, help with the outward «al£ 'ofa^d let the Horfe go fideways, that is, the ?hus ■ his. Shoulders before his Croup j and let him him ao.a.e three or four Corvets fideways ; then walk walk ^lTi fideways, and Corvet him again, and thus ^iflii,} Ir!\and Corvet him fideways, by degrees dimi- he g0s hls Walk, and augmenting his Corvets, until the lik ai*.in Corvets which he will foon do. Ufe etielps for the left as for the right. |
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f $ $1
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214 The Compleat Hurfeman: or,
For Gorvets backwards.
Firft pull him back, and caufe him to make c v
or four Corvets in one Place ; then pull him D j, again, and Corvet him in one Place •, and thus "j, ling him back, and Corvetting in one Place, <* f, nifhing the pulling back, and augmenting the - vets, he will at laft go backwards in Corvets pene uC But you muft remember to help always with g Bridie-Rein next to the Wall, to narrow him be $ and enlarge him behind, that fo he may be the{ e, liberty, becaufe his Hind-Parts lead and his ^. j, Parts follow, to keep the Ground which his y ^ Parts have got ; therefore his Hind-Parts bei>V J liberty, and his Fore-Parts preft, your Bridle »' A muft be low, that the Horfe may not go too high * ^ your Body a little forward to give his Hinder-* .jf the more liberty to lead, and do not help with y% Legs at all, but with your Bridle-hand pull him ^^ every time he falleth to the Ground, and with * ^.jy Aids he will come to Corvet backwards per*e well. For Corvets upon the Volts.
To put a Horfe upon Corvets in a Circle of ^
theCavezon's inward Rein muft be at firft tied t ^, Pommel, and his Croup muft not be put in too m ^ But he mould rather at firft teaching go upon ylijir of one Tread, for here to keep out the inward *..(je der-Leg is the main Bufinefs ■, help therefore a ^ with the outward Rein of the Bridle, and raJ*^Jfc three or four Corvets, then walk him upon the ~l^$ and Corvet him again, and fo diminifh your ufi and augment your Corvets, until he make av S Turn or Volt upon Corvets-, and when he is ?e^f upon them in Circles of one Pifte or Tread, ^ m$ him go upon Corvets with his Croup a very h1^ |
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„ *• PerfeB Farrier. 21 j
Up0n ,eVolts, which is the Perfc&ion of Corvets
he]p ,-leni- ^ou muft always in Corvets upon Volts \v;ru ritn the outward Rein, but give him no help C£ your Legs at all.
goino.G n§e upon Corvets do thus ; if yourHorfebe t|w& to the right-hand, and you would change him, hol^ iv"" y°ur '"ward or right Leg gently to him, and iiif1(j lm a little up with your Bridle-hand on the 0ft wk* "is Neck, your Knuckles always down, up- hatk ! Hand foever you go : and as foon as he hejD c^anged, take your right Leg from him, and of ^ n0 more with your Legs at all, only the poife the Ur Body, uPon changing, is to be a little upon of tyj^fide: The fame very Helps are to be made ufe oytwen you change from the Left, viz. Left Leg and I D ^Rein. Now the reafon why upon changing hani'ln. ^rft with the Leg and not with the Bridle- W0 ,' ls this •, if I mould begin with the Hand, he his p ^°P> ar>d ^ * turned my Hand to the infide, cavif t°UP would g° too much out and be loft, be- bec.- Should have no feeling of it, and therefore I V^un with the Leg, but inftantly hold him up qujci ".^y Hand, fo that the two Helps are done fo Bm- >y after each other that none can perceive it: tur^ * "is Shoulders do not come in enough, then Our,, V/e" your Hand to the infide, and help with the H^rdRein. For the Crofs and Saraban upon Corvets,
Hel
firp. 'P with the outward Rein, which is to be pull'd
after PQn the one Side and then upon the other,
faid. evfery Corvet from fide to fide, helping, as I Sho^ i^i,:h your Bridle-hand only, arid your outward y°Ur , er always following it, without any help from ^egsatall, |
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P 4 ■ liorfeq.
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2i6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Horfes chat are very Dull or very Fiery are 'it(i\$
per for Corvets, being the moft difficult Ayres ,^, a Horfe can go, aud require a great deal of y* jc ment in the Rider, as well as Patience in the i* to perform them. |
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CHAP. XII.
Of the Capriole, Croupade, Balotade, and A ^
and a Leap. I Have already told you in the third Chap^'
what they are, fo fhall not need to repeat tl,e ,, but proceed to fhew you how they are to be P formed. _ „r Firft then for Capriols, you mull fit ftrait, 1. i0
Thighs and Knees as clofe as if you were glue jj- the Saddle, your Stirrups a little fhorter than °r jj nary, a hole or thereabouts, for too fliort *oi\& throw you out of the Saddle, and too long *0 „-t diforder your Seat and make youlofe your Stirrer j, you muft alfo keep your Toes a little down, to ^.s your Nerves from the Knees downwards, or Horfe would bolt too much forwards each Leap? j a leaping Horfe fhould never go forward abo^e.^ Foot and a half at one Leap ; and when you &y( him, inftantly put your Breaft out, which will tf>a j your Shoulders go a little back •, for if you do it .g juft as the Horfe rifes before, it will be too late do it when he rifes behind and ftrikes out. _ (o Walk your Horfe forward, and then caufe hirf1
make one Leap, prefently after railing him high ", on a Pefate or two, and flaying and keeping him * on the Hand ; and thus augmenting your Leay and diminifhing your Pefates, he will by little a ^ little leap perfectly; and after he is perfect llP!Lit |
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„ . »• PerfeB Farrier. 217
V0jc ^lne forwards, then you may put him upon
the r* °\ ^rc^es>and continue the fame method ; but rnuft es muft be fomewhat large at firft, and you y°u K e)rnet?^)er when you raife him to Leap, that fettj P him with the point of your Rod, upon the jufi. 3, °n of his Dock, or with the great end of it *W nd the Saddle'the Rod
being turn'd in your
one atld y°ur Thumb downwards, and do it with titjje r °iore Strokes as you pleafe, fo it be done in He' 'ch is when he is rais'd before; and always hi&| p^011 have done leaping, caufe him to make a a ^ate or two.
W0ri 0r your Bridle-hand, you muft always make it Shoviij outward Rein, to bring in his outward be^jn?er» ar>d narrow him before, and enlarge him the T t^at *° he may be prefled upon the infide of Hiav Urn> and at Liberty without, that his Croup rj^t §° a little out, and be the more free and at li- quid were his Croup fubje&ed or bound up, he Ufecj f n°t Leap; therefore the outward Rein is to be |
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Or uJ°r a^ Leaps whatfoever, either ftrait forwards
$0l> Circles,
the r]-^5"rouPade is perform'd after the fame manner, Wit-u J*erence confifting only in the way of helping ab0v e Rod, which muft be by ftriking him a little ^,e ^e Gambrels.
th^ e a^°tade is done after the fame Method, only mjj^011 muft ftrike him with the Rod iuft upon the 7se of his Croup,
co^ teP and a Leap is an Ayre in which Horfes for tL °nly go when they have not a good Apuy ; a rife P Puts ^im uPon the Hand, and gives him fo j^ ° Leap, like one that runs before he leaps, and a Lea/ ^CaP higher than he that goes every time therej?" ^ow a^ Leaps are made upon the Hand, the £r°re fee that your Horfe be well fettled upon heCa 5nd before you offer to try if he will Leap, e nothing diforders a Horfe's Mouth more than
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% 18 The Compleat Horfeman: or j .
than leaping. For Leaps of all kinds give n° -,$
with your Legs at all, only hold him up we'' ay the Bridle-hand when he rifes before, that fo he •£ rife the higher behind, and when he begins t0 a\i behind, put your Bridle hand a little forward,t0 , as hirn up before, and flay him there upon the H^ ^r jf he hung in the Air, and time the motion ot1 ^ Bridle-hand, fo as that you may take him as ' j were a Ball upon the bound, which is the gl'e Secret of all in leaping a Horfe right. |
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CHAP, XIII.
Of the Piroyte.
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te's
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THE Action of a Horfe's Legs in the Piroy
very extraordinary, for your Hand being l1*j,e the outfide of his Neck to make him look int°, jp Turn, before you begin the Piroyte you an Inftant work violently with the outward Rel us the Bridle, to ftraiten his Fore-Parts, and g'lVe Hinder-Parts more liberty. -^c As he is going to the Right-hand, at the farrte * ^
that he lifts his two Fore-Legs, he lifts his Hin"' f without the Turn, fo that he hath three Legs $)> e a time, and all the Weight of his Body at thatc $ refteth upon his inward Hind-Leg only, and v j, thofe three Legs that were up come to the Gro jf his outward Shoulder comes in fo quickly, l^ .$ iriakes his inward Hind-Leg to move at the ' ^ time almoft in one Place, tofupply the Place of a 1 ter, that fo he may make an exact Turn orCirc m fay, that at the fame time his three Legs which we A the Air are fet down, his inward Hind-Leg ren1 A to accompany the Round or Circle, but in a ^tfjt. Jtill jn one Place; So that indeed the inward **^j) Leg is the Center upon which the Horfe turns? -ft |
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Part I.
[the
iorfe |
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PerfeEi Farrier. 219
me time it moves round-, and when the
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H
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©f faij. ls *° giddy that he can go no longer for fear
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jrj , o' *«v uicn uiruus ins inwaru ni
Thef,eneath his Be!1y to ftoP himfelf"-
in th p-are ^ ^e*Ps an^ Motions of aHorfe's Legs Oijo-u Ir°yte, elfe he could not go fo fwiftly as he f'or'jL-' ar>d as Horfes always do when they are per- his ^S this Adi on ; and becaufe theHorfe is upon j^e_ J°uWers,and preftupon the infide oftheTurn, ^ein °f-e ^ 's r'iaC t'le on^ ^e'P *s Wlt'1 t'ie outwar<i
$h0,1° ^e Bridle, to bring in quickly his outward v''th er'an^ S've h's Croup a little liberty, and that
the RUC anY affiftance from your Legs at all: But as
fe0j 0rfe is turning you muft take care to turn your
of J We^ to the Turn, and alfo look upon the infide
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three
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S .Neck, and thus let him turn one, two or
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tl!_nes, as you mall think fit. See Plate 5. Fig. 3.
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CHAP. XIV.
Of Pa fades.
_Js rit walk your Horfe ftrait forwards, either by
hin a ^a.11 or Palifade, and at the end flop and raife hej . w° or three Pefates, and then turn him gently, ^rdf* W't'1 ^ie outward K-e»n of the Bridle and out- V0u Teg- and fee that he do notfalfify his Demy- gin either with his Shoulders or Haunches in PafTa- •g' "Ut that both be juft after he has turned,
gi^ ° as much upon the other Hand, and then be* rajQ ° trot him upon the fame ftrait Line, flopping, tHe ^?> *m before, and turning him as you did upon 'then *k> anc* wnen he is perfect upon the Trot, ftoD ?ut him to a fhort Gallop upon the ftrait Line, n0^P.lng and advancing him as you did before : But ^fT (? ^m Perf°rm his Demy-Tour or Volt, not by adlng> but upon his Ayr; and when he is perfeft in
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2,10 The Compleat Horfe man: or,
\n this, then let him make a PafTade uppn a ^ t
Gallop, without either Hopping or raifing before?.13 pnly turning when at the end of the ftrait ^.[ which he will do exactly in a very fhort time: ^ j ypu muft remember in Galloping to keep hisf*e ,, always a little from the Wall, that his Croup ^ c |
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come to it, and fo keep the Line that he falfify n^
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his Demy-Volt; alfo before he turns it will not ^'
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mifs to let him make two or three Falcades or Ti^ '
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%o firm his Haunches the better, and to turn with
fetter Grace. . |
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|f you intend to paffade or run your Horfe at
full Carriere, then keeping his Head a little from |
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the
the |
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"Wall, flack the Bridle-hand a little, and when at ^
end of the PafTade prefs him with your Thighs, a? £ jtay him a little upon the Hand, that he may tfr^j two or three Falcades before you turn him, and & , clpfe him with your outward Rein as in the PiroyJ- ^ for the Demy-Volt of a PafTade at full fpeed is noth1^ p\k but a half Piroyte, and therefore muft have t fame Helps with ir. And thus PafTade him from ° hand, to the other, making com,monly a ftrait k"11 wJien you do it at full fpeed, about five or-fix ti((i - {heHorfe's length only, and fo yoqr Horfe vfi" ^c perfectly upon Paffades, which is the Touch-ftqf e.j a ready Horfe, and abfolutely one qf the molt ufe things in the Manage for a Tingle Combat. le |
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JJut it may be objected, that if a Man in a ime
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W
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Combat make ufe of thefe Falcades or Half-fto,Ps f",
|q,re he turn upon the end of his PafTade, it will g,\ i
qpportunity to his AdverTary to gain his Croup,wni
is accounted^ a very considerable advantage in a ,
gle Combat. To which I anfwer, That it can°^
be denied, but that fuch half Stops have that *ncC\a
veniency: But upon the other hand, if a ^a^ ue
nqt rqake ufe of them upon PafTades at full fpeed,j1
Ivill run into another inconveniency more cf0??)}
rous, which is, That his Horfe being upqn b's. ,,,
■ .-..:• © r -Carrie^ |
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c . *4 PerfeSt Farrier. lit
herSe'Unlef"s he make him form thofe Half-Stops*
turns . e m danger of coming over every time he ^ay3'/' .lnS with fuch a force as a Manfhould al- to chnr ln Paffading. And of two Evils it is beft In p the leaft-
the A • llcles, help your Horfe always according td if with" r'th Wh'ch he C,of6S the end of his Paffade 5
and 0 erra a Terra, then with the inward Reiri With tVtWard Leg; but if With a half Piroyte^ theft
al\vav outward Rein and outward Leg, and help
he \J* w'th the Rod upon the contrary fide to which
&oinr
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CHAP. XV,
et® Invention to drefs Horfes upon all Ayres.?
by the help of one Jingle Pillar* A Ltho' it muft be confefs'd that this Method is
bejri ln^e"or to the Directions before given, yet it' ve,J=> curious and extraordinary, and in its kind Pi 1°°^' * ^a^ here fet it down.
iirio-i V,hnng your Horfe Sadled and Bridled to the. the to .'Har, and there put him under the Button of fitttj.0 ^e Reins, which is to draw down that little' them °^ Leather which moves up and down updri and fi near to the Horfe's Mane, that it may ftay of ^ .the Branches of the Bridle at fuch a degree getit] aitnefs, as the Horfe may have but a very Or pi deling at firft of the Bit, either upon his Bars Hi^e ^ of the Curb : This done, if you intend to* Cave? "^ go to the right hand, let a Groom take the gle Jj-i,n s inward Rein, and putting it about the fin- it ther r a little higher than the Horfe's Head, keep long p Tery fliort; then let another Perfon hold the ^Vn -ein °f the Cavezon upon the outfide of the In one hand, and a Stick with a-Bodkin at the |
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2 21 7/&<? Compleat Horfeman: or,
end of it in the other, to prick him if he fhouia P
out his Croup too much: And let another Perfof b behind the Horfe with a Rod to keep him frorn a. ing back; then do you, being on Foot, raife hi1*1 ^ one place, and be fatisfied with a very little fr him at once. Now, tying him fhort in this man11- ;s he cannot rife high, and therefore goes upoj1 rQ Haunches for his eafe. After you have ufed ht^ jf a little, then help him with three Rods, your,, with two before, viz. one upon each Fore-Th'i and another Perfon with the third under his Bel' which will put him very much upon the Haunch"5' After if he can perform his Leffon exactly in °,c place, then keeping ftill the fame inward Rein of1 ^ Cavezon fhort about the Pillar, make him go i*P e his Volts, helping him, as I have told you, with i*11. e Rods, but be you then upon the outfide of Q Horfe's Shoulders, to give him the more liberty ^ turn, and thus in a fhort time he will go C°rf\yi upon the Volts forwards perfectly well. Keep •'. u ftill fo tied with the Cavezon Rein, and help ^ cC the three Rods as before, and go before and''v him, and this will make him go Corvets
backtf^
upon his Volts. Continue again ftill the fame ^\e
of the Cavezon about the Pillar, and you may &* him go fideways upon Corvets. _ ^ When he is perfect for the right-hand, then t'ie * a
left Rein of the Cavezon fhort about the Pillar, * a do in all things as you did for the right-hand: & ,, when he goes perfectly without any Perfon uP.g his Back, then get upon him, the fame Rein of c j Cavezon being ftill very fhort about the Pillar, f ^ make him go as you did before in every tnI e See Plate 5. Fig. 6. |
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CHAf'
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PerfeB farrier, 123
0 CHAP. XVI.
Jeveral Helps and CorreBions with the Spurjk
X a e ^PUrs ferve as well for Helps as Correction i
Coj-^r^. "elps they go before and prevent Faults 5 as thins k l s t^ley come a^ter- And a ^an naving R0*
the L is Hand and Heels to make a ready Horfe, fcfsathS d° half the Bufinefs' a!cho' itmuftbecon-
fett]jn ac tne Hand hath the pre-eminency, and the Th a or^euP°n the Handmuft always be firfh
^rra ^re u^ed as a Help thus; when a Horfe goes' he fla . erra, your outward Leg clofe to him, when the §D <s tllrn your Heel to him, and pinch him with Blo0(j ' which you may eafily do even to bring fer an j atld no Body perceive it: And if a Horfe fuf-= you m °°ey this while you ftay him upon the Hand, Tj;e 'v with good reafon fay he is an excellent Horfe, theff 1S- an°ther Help with theSpurs, which is nei^ 'n§> a VJ ■ en!: as a Correction, nor fo preffingas pinch- Or <fef. 1J 'ls this; when a Horfe gallops his Croup in, en°u&if a ^erra* if he obeys not your outward Leg ^lakg6 ' being clofe to or very hear his fide, then but ytf potion of the Leg as if you did fpur him, let hiri f as Sentle a touch as poffible, and only to Uridera 1Z and n0 rnore- Now if your Horfe he v^iji and thefe two preceding Helps with the Spurs,
Will 0b"eed them but very feldom after a while, and ^he ^ ^0u Wlt^ ^1C halves of your Legs only,
^forff, ^l rs are a Correction for many things: If your 'eaye' re°el againft what you would have him do, obey 0cjpurring of him until you find him begin to and fg a?d when he obeys you in the leaft, then alighc try h; hirn to the Stable, and the next Morning irjuch of^'"' and '*" ^e °^ey y°u' cherim and roake
^el|as * him, that he may know you have Mercy as
and Juh e 5 f°r a Horfe hath Imagination, Memory
uagment; and the wifeft Man in the World,
were
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214 7^£ Compleat Horfeman: ory
were he put into the form of a Horfe, could not P° '
fibly find out more fubtle ways to oppofe a Ma than a Horfe will: You muft therefore ufe yourSpur_ as a Correction, but feldom, and upon juft occafi01?' As for Example, When he puts his Croup too much' or out, or if he refufe to turn to that hand you wou* have him, then correct him with the oppofite Sp1-* ' But if he be Refty and will not go forwards, or ® apprehenfive and fkittifh, or offer to Bite or Strike' then correct him with both Spurs. Alfo as I t0 you before, if he rife too high before, orbolt upright then to give him both your Spurs as he is fall^ down, may be a means to break him of it, but te- heed-not to make ufe of them juft as he is rifing, ^ they make him come over upon you. Again, if J1 will not advance or rife before, then a good fb-0^ with both Spurs will make him rife, provided at tj> fame tyme you keep him firm and ftayed upon tj1 Hand, and as it were fupport him a little with rv Bitt; likewife if he be a dull Jade, or lazy and flack1 h\sManage,then to give him theSpurswill quicken b'^' Now as the Spurs are of fuch great efficacy whe ufed with Difcretion, fo nothing makes Horfes m° e Refty and Vicious, than when they are given out time: And there are more Horfes made vicious ®J ill Riders and Bunglers, than are naturally fo. *-\ more unruly therefore a Horfe is, the more
Calm^
and Judgmentis required in the Rider: Forfrom %? 1
fionate Rider and unruly Horfe, what can be exp^ t but DiforderandConfufion. And I muft tell you, ^..j a Horfe that hath been fpoiled and made Refty by a Riding, either correcting him out of time, or le^v^ him have his Will too much at firft, is harder to reduced to Obedience than the worft natur'd y- . in the World. And thus I havedefcribed unto y . all the Helps of the Hand and Heels, whereby 1(, may perfect a ready Horfe either for Pleafureor ■> vice. The End of the Firft Pari.
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225
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THE
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^oiiipieat Horfeman:
O R,
Perfeft FARRIER.
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PART II.
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The Introduction.
N treating of the Diftempers of Horfes, 'twill
not be improper to premife their general figns °f Sicknefs. The firft fign of illnefs in a Horfe, hao. Is a loathing of Food ■, next to that, a wild n-j^d look ; cold Ears ; a hot and foamy, or clam- |
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ftarj
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0lUn"' tne hm on his Flanks rough and
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hard and
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b|
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a*l/S> vvith ends paler than ufually; h
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£»e ' or greenifh Dung; limpid Urine; weeping
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ati
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neavy drooping Head; an aptnefs to {tumble;
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other Horfes ;
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fr ^'wonted dulnefs and civility to
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lo0f,"ent rifing and lying down in the Stable, and
a D 'n.§ towards his Flanks, which are doubl'd; tWee tlng of the Heart, fenfible to one's hand, be- and ^ the ]eft Shoulder and Sengle; an indifFerency ^orf nconcernednefs in what is done to him. If a or exe' a%r a long ficknefs, piffes without finding, tending his Yard, and was not wont to do io QL in |
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116 The Compleat Horfe man: of,
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ii
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in Health, 'tis a fatal fign. If the hair of his l ^
and Skull is eafily pluck'd off, it portends Pea „ If he never lies down, or ftarts up immediately ^. <, he does, it fpeaks danger-, but a continued ™ .. in the declenfion of a Difeafe, is a very good »'» If he turns up the whites of his Eyes, he is in P and will be long ill. t j Thefe general figns give us to know, ^ijf-
Horfe is fick-, but the particular Difeafe is to be cover'd by its peculiar figns. ,Q\, In tracing all the Difeafes of Horfes, I fhah . „
low the order of the parts of the body, begi1!11 ■„ with the Head ; and fliall give a particular Dp cjjf tion of every Difeafe and ics Caufes, with a vie^ the mod proper and approv'd Remedies. |
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CHAP. I.
OftheDifordersoftheMouth; namely, thei^L
pas, Barbs, Wolves-Teeth, and Wounds tn Mouth, Lampas, r-a~* HE Lampas is a ftefhy lump °r U
A crefcency, about the bignefs ° * Nut, in the roof of the Mouth, fo that when 1u> open the Horfe's Mouth, you may perceive that ^ roof rifes more or lefs above the Teeth. 'Tis<*° fr mon among youqg Horfe.s, the roof of their W°m. not being fo harili and dry as that of old H°r^ While 'a Horfe eats his Oats, it occafions a j? jf that fcares him from feeding. As for the CureV muft be taken away with a red hot Inftrumen^ Iron made for the purpofe, and that at one ftr ^ for fear of burning the Bone in coming over ( place again, after the Lampas is cut througi^.j|j am of opinion, that it is beft not to cut it o *
yOw
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**♦ Per/e B Farrier. xiy
Tee"h ^°rfes'. ti]I tne5* nave Put f°rtn a]1 their
'em f ' Un'efs it be very troublefome, and hinders £from eating. '"■Bd /re ^ma" anc* inconfiderable
ble tli "em under the Tongue, vifi- Barbs.
Whjc] k-° ^0U Put tne Tongue afide;
fily 1 "^der the Horfe from drinking, and are ea-
Scijr: Ur ' by cutting 'em off clofe with a pair of
^l!~s> and rubbing the place with Salt.
CfS ^s-Teetb, are over-grown Grind- tha' ^e points of which being higher Woolves-Teeth. fW • e reft, prick the Tongue and off "\ Ceding, and fo oblige the Horfe to leave tt(w-at:ing- They are feldom met with in young theV'fS" ^ Teeth are not daily worn by chewing, ^ t &row up to pierce the very roof of the Mouth; netu experienc'd once in a Mule, one of whofe TQQe,r Grinders, upon the falling out of the upper V0j-j *J,> directly oppofite to it, grew up into the JVToi !Pace> a"d by degrees pierc'd the roof of his if a Jjj1 to the thicknefs of one's Finger. For cure ; figti f.r^e §'ves over eating, without any apparent ers 'Unefs in his Eyes or Hair, handle his Grind- I_ip arid, if you feel the points of them thro' his Pojn' °pen his Mouth with an Iron Upfet, and the 3q's will appear, which you muft break off* with go0,°j;e, taking care that you do not ftrike at a c0ri Tooth, or loofen the Jaw: To avoid which in- rn^ en'e-ncy, inftead of ufingthe Googe, you may ftnitf the Horfe champ on a great Fileus'd by Lock- 0yer s a quarter of an hour on both fides, till the § §r°wn points are broke off.
Urw^etimes the Bit bearing too hard W* Horfe's Mouth, hurts it. If w°Zflnth* Vfhe Tongue be hurt, fhifting the MmL net|le0r a fingle Canon-Bit, will cure it. If the fe^ h W be ulcerated, and a point or prick be J" one's Finger upon the Sore, it is a fign the 0^2 Bone |
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2,18 The Compleat Horfeman: or.
Bone is broken: In which Cafe you muft put int°
the hole Spirit of Vitriol, or Spirit of Salt with Cot' ton (not by drops, left it fall upon a found part< holding the Horfe's Tongue with one hand, an keeping his Mouth open with the other, while ' remains there -, after that rub the Sore every V^i with Honey of Rofes, till the Scar falls off, and the Bone fcales; and then wafh it with Brandy, or pu Sugar into it, till it heals. If by putting in you Finger you find only an Ulcer with {linking C°r' ruption, but without points or fcales, filling it thrf. or four times a day with Sugar beaten fmall, ^ quickly heal it. Sometimes the Bone is fplit quite downwards, under the fiefh of the Jaw, and is cOr' rupted by a matter that gathers into a Tumour, afl corrodes the Skin: In this cafe, you muft foufl the depth of the hole with a Probe, which I hav feen reach to the very Mouth: Then make an inc'' fion with a red hot Knife, reaching downward8' and dividing the Skin to the very Bone, and w^c the Bone feveral times with a red hot Iron, cof1' ducting it thither by the Probe, till all the corrupc, part is throughly burnt. To haften the falling off0. the Scales, anoint the whole burnt part with go° Oyl of Bays, every fixth hour, for thefpace of t^° Days. The hole in the beard being a rrioift -fy°K gy part, is often ftop'd up with proud fiefh, whicP muft be taken off with a hot Iron, or Sublimate. |
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art I. PerfeB Farrier. 229
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CHAP. II.
yf a loathing of Food, or want of Appetite.
V Retimes a Horfe is diverted from eating, by
S* httle Worms lodged within his Lips, both a- °ve and below, which caufe fuch an itching, that e ls continually rubbing his Lips againft the Man- ^er- Thefe Worms appear like little pufhes, when j^u turn back the Lips, and arediflodg'd by cutting ^.e_ uppermoft Skin where they appear, with a fharp life or Lance, and rubbing the incifion with Salt
anJ Vinegar. 11 a want of Appetite arifing from any other
; ^e, 'tis very proper to bleed him in the morning, the middle of the roof of his mouth, between the
j- ° Crocks; or if it beaMare, at the third orfourth fi"Ow, with a fharp pointed piece of a Hart or
pUcks-horn. To flop the bleeding, give him two f *^ks of moiften'd Bran ; and if that proves inef- tual, draw up his head with a halter, as if you
efSre Solng t0 glVe n'm a Drench. But the mofl eclual and ready way of flopping the Blood, is
£ euing an empty Nutfhel fomewhat hard upon the aart> and holding it there till it flicks. If the Di- Qiper does not yield to bleeding, give him good
^nocent Glyfters; moiften his Oats, Bran and Hay ^.k Water, in which Savin has been fleep'd, conti- qt" nS that method for fome time; give him large t^antities of the leaves and roots of Radifhes, if jj y ate in feafon, or red Parfnips boil'd, or the herb tyj.- etail. If he has no unufual heat in his body, of ]?■ y°u may Perce've by the beating and heaving ty .j s_Flanks, give him an Ounce of Venice Treacle, j^11 diluted in White or Red Wine. Whatever be Cafe, the following Bag is of good ufe. 0^3 Take
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230 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
'take an Ounce of AJfa fcetida, and as much poW"e
of Savin ; put 'em into a Bag to be tied to the Bit, keef' ing him bridled for two hours, feveral times a day. ^ foon as you take off the Bridle, he will eat. The fame Bag will ferve a long time. Above all, the fureft Remedy is, an Ounce of L1'
ver of Antimony, in fine powder, with moiften,<J Bran, to be repeated twice every day, for feveral days> unlefs he inclines to void the Strangles. Champ' ing upon a Branch of Laurel, or of a Fig-tree, rub'd over ("after it is a little champ'd) with Hony of R°' fes or common Hony, is likewife proper; as al»° the following Remedy, which is generally knoW1 and prepar'd by all Perfons. Take about two glaffes of Verjuice or of Vinegtf'1
feven or eight Heads of Garlick bruis'd; about P&f Ounces of white Salt, and half a found of Hony. M* them in a pot, in which dip the end of a flick' wrapt about with Linnen, and with that, rub tbe Gums, Lips and Tongue, having firft wafh'd the bitter foam off his Mouth, with a Sponge dip'dlfJ cold Water. An Excellent . To prevent a total lofs of Appe'
Armanfor tite, the following Arman is of wo"' the lofs of Apr derful efficacy, if the Horfe is not 'e' petite. verifh. Take a dijh full of the heafi of a white Loaf, crumbled fmall; moiften it with V^'
juice, or for want of that, with Vinegar; add a fW ficient quantity of Salt, and Hony of Rofes, or of ft0' lets, or, if neither of thefe can be had, of eomf»°f Hony. Then put the thin Pafie into a Pot, and M boil over a gentle Fire about a quarter of an hoti'J till the fuperfiuous moifture be confumed. AfteruoafQ, add two Drams of Cinnamon in powder, a dozen Hn, a half of Cloves, a Nutmeg grated, and half a potin of powder Sugar. Then boil them again over flow Fire, half a quarter of an hour, that the InSrev dients may be throughly mixt, and the Spices rrw incorp0'
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. rt II. PerfeEi Farrier. 231
^corporate w;th the Bread _ buc the firc muft be
die^ "' 'ei^ the Virtue of the Aromatick ingre-
grent:s ^ould exhale. Take an Ox'sPizzle, let the till ^ k^ °^ lt ^oa^c 'n Water four or five hours, it k"" ^ten'd-, after which make the Horfe chew etween his Grinders or Jaw-Teeth, which will ' tCen it a little-, or you may beat it with a Ham- er: Then putting the quantity of a Nut of the Ar-
p atl uPQn it, open the Horfe's Mouth, making him ahl °Ut n's Tongue on one fide, that he may not be th V9 ^'r 't' anc* gently thruft in the Pizzle with e Medicine as far as you can: Then let his Tongue
§ ' and after he has champ'd a while, put more of anH on tne P'zz^e' wiping it firft with Hay,
0 - thruft it again into his Mouth, repeating it five
rifl?X t'rnes> evel7 three hours. This Medicine nou- a Jles, and infallibly retrieves the Appetite. It clears 1 horfe's Throat, in cafe any thing flicks in it-, and
yA?Ss tip a great deal of bitter Cholerick Flegm, tat'0'1 ma^es him loath his Food: Only you muft ta 1? Care' tnat tne P'zz'e De we^ foften'd, and ^ther let him fuck it in, than thruft it violently Awards. ofre a P°md°f Affa fatida, a Pound
f, L^er of Antimony, half a Pound of cbtwingBaU*
be 7,,„„ jJ r t> cr J • j 7 is *° retrieve the
p ™0od of a Bay-Tree dried^ half a AifnUt.
q nd of dry Juniper wood, and two A:nces of Pellitory of Spain. Beat all the Ingre- tK nts. apart, to a coarfe powder-, then incorporate q "^ in a Mortar, with a fufficient quantity of good ape-Verjuice, well clarified, pouring it in by de-
k ,^s> and make Balls weighing, an Ounce and a Jj ,.' to be dry'd in the Sun ; wrap one of thefe th t?P *n a c^out' tying, a Thread to if, and let re • rk cnew upon it two hours in the Morning, , Peating it at Night, and continuing the repetition ^ P^n the Road if you will, by tying them to the ldle) till he recovers his Appetite, Bajls of Ve~
0^4 nice. |
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2 3 2 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
nice Treacle may be us'd in like manner with g°°
effecT. Stomachkk **** a Pomd °f Liver °f Antiinf]g
PtHs ' in fine Powder, and with the muctWe
of Gum-Tragacanth, make Pills weiyjl °
ten Drams, to be dry'd in the Sun, of which, the Horfe fwallow two, with a Pint of Wine, keep- ing him bridled two hours after, and repeat^ the fame Dofe every day for a Month. This b°^ a cooling Medicine, is only proper when the H°y is not inclined to the Strangles, or does not requir hot Medicines. "When the Horfe is fick, and hisDifeafe occafio11
the lofs of Appetite, you muft not force him/0 exceffive eating. The common method of giving Milk with Yelks of Eggs, andFlefh-broths orjellie5' is very pernicious in this cafe. Indeed a thin Brotl1' or the Crum of Bread with Water and a little Sal1? is not amifs. I muft commend Broth made of pound of Barley Flower, well purg'd of the Bran, ^ boil'd in two Pints of Water, to a fufficient thin- ners •, adding to it, a quarter of a Pound ofSugar' and giving it with a Horn, once in 24 hours. |
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CHAP. III.
Of the Strangles.
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T
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HE Strangles are the throwing forth of fupef'
fluous humours in Foals, commonly thro' ^ |
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Noftrils ; and fometimes by fwellings under &
Throat, or in the Shoulder, Loins or Feet, or wj part that happens to be weaker than the reft. i a Northern Diftemper, bearing fome refemblance °.
the Small Pox in Children. The Cure confifts ' promoting a perfect evacuation of the Huino11^ |
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art I. PerfeB Farrier. 233
or which end, if Nature throw it out by fwellings
UnJ." the Throat, ' * Iake Oil of Bays, and frefh Butter, ,
lTfL^al *«•"*> • V ^ <**- £ TLn.
tit Marjh-mallows, a double quan- ghs, when
th^' i^^'n§^e Cnem co'^' and anoint *Ar«w» out
x£ Kernels under the Throat, and ** «»'«*». j Parts adjacent to the Jaws every alw 'n orc*er to ripen them ; the Throat being §1 aVs kept warm, and cover'd with a Lamb or -j,,eeP's Skin, laying the woolly fide next the t ,'•"is does not procure a Suppuration, tho' mat-
fw-lr ^°^g'^ 'n thofe parts, you muft apply to each. fea 'ln&> a re<i hot Iron of a crooked figure, for th t? injuring the neighbouring Gullet; and when vee> Car falls off, fill the hole with a Tent, co- to ^ith the Ointment call'd Bafilicum; adding ^\uj^erdigris, or white Vitriol, or the Ointment is ^Egyptiacum, in cafe the fiefh about the fore l^ergrown, or bloody, or foamy.
ke .v°ids the Humour fufficiently by the Nofe, jnc>P him warm, and walk him Morning and Even- ted'- ft the evacuation is hinder'd by hard dry mat- p>r "a his Noftrils, inject into them equal parts of \f ~ndy, and Olive Oil, warm, with a fmall Syringe. ojv atV'"e is too weak for throwing out the matter, Ou C t" frequently Cordial Medicines, fuch as, half an or ''u °f ^enice Treacle, with a Pint of Spanifh Wine ; y ove a]j) tne following Electuary.
of foe*be re& Powder that falls out The Eie£rlia.y rip e Vermes Berries, when they are of Kermes. Ip- ' a'id when it turns to little red regf-.s> make Troches of it, with juice of Lemons Qttn t0 rte Confumption of a fourth part. To four and ^ °f rt°fi Troches, add half a Pound of ripe. of rff Juniper-berries; Cube'bs and Bafoerries, . fix ounces; roots of Spanifh Pipers grafs, Majter-
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% 3 4 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Mafterwort, Zedoary, Florentin Orris, and ShaViW-l
pf Hartshorn and Ivory, of each four Ounces and a\ half; Elecampane Roots, Orange and Citron-Peel dr1 in the Jhade, of each four Ounces; Cinnamon, half6 Ounce; Cloves and Nutmegs, of each two Dra®* Make a fine po.wder, fearce it, and pour it by " grees, to eleven found of clarified Honey, after it *^ 'boil'd to half the thicknefs of a Syrup. Let all 'e ment two Months in a Pot. Then infufe a quarts pf a pound of this Electuary in a quart of Whi^' Wine over Night, arjd give it next Morning to tn. Horfe, keeping him bridled two hours before afl after. This is ari excellent Medicine, entitled to - preference before the Cordial powders, by vertue ° |t§ fermentation ; which has the fame effeft h^e\ fhat it has in Wine, Beer and Bread. Itisgood^ rjlerhjctions, Colds, Palpitation of the Heart, lofs °^ Appetite, Dulnefs, Leannefs •, and in a word etiJ \>\es nature tq expel whatever offends it, much be1' £er than Purgatives which weaken her. Its heat •- Hot to be fear'd, for it never enflames the parts ° the body. In preparing it, if you cannot have w. Troches, you muft fupply their place with a pou*1 p,f the frefheft and faireft dry Kermes Berries. Bj* after all, thefe dry Berries are nothing but a Ba^' ■whereas the powder of which the Troches are ma<^? \s the true Pith enclofed within 'em; being at fr a liquid fubftance, and upon the ripening of ct\ Fruit, reduc'd naturally to a red powder. You fl1*' likewife give the following Balls. Take of Butter, the bignefs, of an &$,
QstAutl Balk. Cinnamon, a Dram; a large Nut^ grated; and two Drams of Sugar. I* *
hm wdl, add half a Glafs of Brandy, ftirring 'em of ^ a gentle Fire. Tye the half, or whole of this, l!l,j r-qund Bag, to be faften'd to the Bjt, and che^ |hree or four times a day, \ ^
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t,rt "• PerfeB Farrier. 235-
maJh° promote the Evacuation of the
Derf i b^ the Nofe> when ic is im" l°frornotethlg
«??f: rak* *w Butt^ the ** *~
°f u » then add firong Vinegar, and Oil Olive,
Ca c,. half a glafs; and twice as much Pepper as you and TO2^ ^3e en^s °f your FingerSi Mix all,
j^ fP°llr it warm, through a Horn, into the Horfe's m 5 °ne half into each Noftril, covering him im- ^a ,Iately with a Cloth, and walking him in your hea an nour- ^c w'^ occafion a beating and no Vlng in the Flanks for an hour or two ; which is
St , .to be dreaded •, for after he is put into the full ' ^e w'^ certainly void the humour plenti- |
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C H A P. IV.
Of a Cold and Cough.
1 ^ cure a Cold, accompany'd with
£r a violent Cough. Take Horn of ^ Cold with a, fourn md Juice °f LiZaorm of each v'olm Co^h- *>iinrttces' Fenugreek-fied, Grains of Paradife, Cum- "toort ^,'mnamon-> Cloves, Ginger, Gentian, Birth- fty ~r°°ts, Anijfeed and Coriander-feed, of each two der ms' Reduce all the hard ingredients to pow- \v[J and give the whole in a Pint of "White Wine, a^u i-k X ^unces °f Carduus Benediclus Water. This the e |ike hot Compofitions, are much better than a &r °°'ing Medicines, which ought to be given with *}J.eat deal of Caution,
a u "e Cold and Cough is joined to ti0neatlng in the Flanks, and Palpita- f^fff'^* M«%f the Heart' Take leaveS °f *'*%*'*
®s* Violets, Herb Mercury, and Pellitory
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23 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Pellitory of the Wall, of each three handfids ;
an Ounce % or a handful of green Fennel, if it »e the Summer. Let them boil half an hour in a "~lk. Pot or Kettle in three or four quarts of Water, ^ Jt an Ounce and a half, or two Ounces of Liver e) r if timony, in fine pozvder. After the Decotlion i$ » cold, prefs it out, and add to the ftrain'd Liquor J Ounces of Lenitive Eleeluary, and a quarter tf . Pound of frefh Butter. Mix and make a Glyftef' , be injeded every day with an Ounce of Sal i6', chrejl, after you have walk'd the Horfe. A'^ he has got two Glyfters, give him the follo^11^ Draught. "Take of the Waters of Vipers-grafs, Carduus Befl t
ditlus, Scabious, Rofes and bitter Succory, of et half a Pint. Give the Horfe a Quart of thefe ™ e ters, with an Ounce of Zedoary, and two Dra^.h Saffron, both of them in fine powder, or, inft^1* \ them, an Ounce of the Confeclion of Hyacinth, w#*f»/ Mufik or Amber; then rinfe the Horn, with the "J pint that remains, and make him drink that &> After which let him ftand four hours with a "V^L ter-Bit in his Mouth, and as foon as you unbrif11 him, lay moiften'd Bran before him to eat, an» %c Night inject the Glyfter, with an Ounce and a P of Sal Polychreft. * To eafe his Head, by making him void a grl^
quantity of Water and bitter Flegm; Take ™. fcBtida and powder of Savin, of each half an Of*1 j tye 'em in a Bag to the Bit; after he has $° s bridled two Hours, unbridle him for two H°u and then put in the bag again. , 0{ The following Cordial powder lS 5
Anunrverfd crenerai ufe for other infirmities ■> u Vdl *ow- well as a Cold and Cough, and ougj, to be kept ready made by thofe ,
keepHorfes. 'Tis this, Take Saffafras, Zed**!£t Elecampane, Gentian , Carlin, Thiftle, Angeli ^ |
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rt h PerfeB Farrier. 237
"iall ^anifi} Vipers-grafs, Maflerwort, and Marfh-
iuorfWSl °f each half a pound; round and long Birth- an, ' &ay-berries, the rinds of Oranges and Citrons, rk a*ln' °f eac^ four Ounces > Cardamoms, Liquo- r: ' Myrrh, Shavings of Hart/horn and Ivory, Co- pe er'fied, Seed of Caraways, Cummin, Annife and q ei j of each two Ounces ; Cinnamon, an Ounce; q es-> Nutmegs, and Oriental Saffron, of each half an th f6 ' a^ frefo an^ gflther'd i-n the Spring, or about lme of Advent, before the Frofl. Reduce 'em fe- a U^y to a coarfe Powder ; then ftrain 'em thro' jncrair Sieve, and mix 'em, the Weight of each karf ent being adjufted after the pounding and \y- Ing. The Dofe is two Ounces, in a Quart of atl, e> keeping the Horfe bridled four Hours before, j tWo Hours after. The Virtue of this Powder nie ^S ^y ^onS keeping ; to avoid which Inconve- jt jncy, I have lately found out a Way of keeping to ft lts ^ Strength thirty Years; by reducing ic p0 a'K which are fo hard, that they are at once Ck^a'°le and impenetrable by the Air. The Me- 5? Js as follows.
nip a Bujhel of ripe and black Ju- a - berries, gathered in the end of cordial Balis. ber. ' or in t'oe beginning ofSeptem- G)l{ ' beat 'em, and put 'em into a Kettle, with 8 or q f°ni /tS °f P^ater > let it boil on the Fire, ftirring it qu0r lfne* till it grows thick ; then prefs out the Li* SeaJ and pafs the remaining Sub/lance through a tbe a* throwing away the Husks and Berries, and mix a cle't"a*n'd Pulp with the ftrain' d Liquor; boil it over Urot? ^"ire ■> fti^ing it till it ajfumes the Thicknefe of it jn ' then take it off, and when 'tis half cold mix "■idi a ^ortar ■> with the Powders prefcrib'd above, left ^ a P°md of the Grains of Kermes, (which were they i11 ln tne Prefcription of the Powder, becaufe Ma]L£e their Virtue by being kept in Powder. ) "alls weighing twelve Drams each to be dry'd
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238 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
dry'd on the Strainer, with its bottom upwards;
the Summer, and referv'd in a Sieve or Skell^' prevent their growing mouldy. The fame 1 ° ders may be made into Balls with Cordial War £ which will dry more eaiily : But the Mucilage ^ Juniper-berries does mightily enlarge the E$c a of the former. When you ufe thefe Balls, you f11 ^ beat 'em to a courfe Powder, and exhibit lC ,jj Wine, for if you give 'em whole, perhaps ^l^fe be voided as entire as they are took. The f c is two Balls. They are very fuccefsful in inveter Coughs •, they promote the Expulfion of the Str. gles; they excite Urine and infenfible Tranfp1 . tion; they roufe the Appetite, and with regard their general Virtue in curing moft Difeafes, juftly ftiled Treacle Balls. 0 When this Univerfal Powder or Balls are nOc j,
be had, the following Receipt may be us'd ^ j very good Succefs. Take Baberries, Gentian, r° \.t Birth-wort, Myrrh, Florentine Orris, Shavings offfl r horn, Elacampane, of each four Ounces ; Zedoary, ~ min, Annifeeds and Savin, of each two Ounces; Ct" s ■nion, half an Ounce ; Cloves, two Drams; F^x*- of Corn-poppies dry'd, two Ounces. Beat all the , gredients apart, fearce 'em through a Hair-ftra^ ^ mix 'em thoroughly, and keep 'em hard prefs'%5 a Leathern Bag ty'd clofe. The Dofe is two Oun infus'd all Night in Wine. ( it' The moft ufual Cordial Powders are made o» ^
quorice, and the Seeds of Coriander, Annifc ,$ Fennel, becaufe thefe Ingredients are to be Har- low Rates. But they are much inferior to my yerfal Cordial Powder or Balls. |
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art II. Perfect Farrier. ijp
CHAP. V;
Of the Glanders*
J "E Glanders is a running at the Noftrils Of
*■ niegmatick, tough, white, red, yellowifh df
|e ^j1^1 Humours, with one or more Kernels fa-
: Co the Bone , between the two Jaw-bones;
Jf beginning you may endeavour to refolve the'
^ rne'» before it comes to an extream Hardnefs j
%3Pp!ying the following Pultis.
ey. . ^aif a P°und °f Linfeed], reduc'd to fine Flow- mix ii zmth a £hiart of ftrong Vinegar ^ and boil it pp., a very clear but little Fire, ftirring it conftantly; of 7-n lt begins to grow thick, add fix Ounces of Oil ■I f-ttliesi Mingle them well, and apply it to the q rtlel, covering it with a Lambs Skin, as in the j) fe of the Strangles. Renew this Pultis every S' ..
n 0rne afe for cutting out the Kernel, but that is
always a certain Cure, for I have feen the Ker-
p £row again after it has been thrice cut out, ef- t'or ^ when it is done in the Wane of the Moon j tUMi t^lat: c'me' tne Evacuation by the Noftrils ria* l^tM ^ens tne Kernel, but the next Encreafe of j^oon fills it again.
low"1 a ^s rna''Snant Sort of Glanders, the foi- ftr nB> Method may be tried, Take an Ounce of of Tobacco, cutfmatt, infufe it fix Hours in a Sfuart CIq"0^ &randy. Strain the Liquor gently through & hav ' and inJeft half a Glafs of it into his Noftrils^ ge 'n§ firft taken up his two Neck Veins, two Fin- ing .. eadth beneath the ufual bleeding Place; keep- afre ? ^'dled f°ur Hours before, and two Hours l^Qr ^e Injection, and walking him a quarter of an "l^i r 'n your Hand, as foon as he has taken it. Remedy may be repeated every Morning, of every'
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240 "The Compleat Horfeman: or>
every fecond , third , or fourth Morning, in great ?
or leffer Dofes, in proportion to the abundance the Evacuation, the Lofs of Appetite and beatl?f in the Flanks, which require greater Intervals, an fmaller Quantity. If this caufes too great a Com^ tion in the Horie's Body, you may infufe two On , ces of Tobacco in a quart of Oil Olive, letting it ftan" upon hot Afhes all Night, and in the Morning ir^ jeft half a glafsful of the ftrain'd Liquor, lu^e warm, at each Noftril. In purfuing this, or atl^ other Method, you muft ftill remember to promot r the Evacuation by the Noftrils, during the Wane ° the Moon, and to ftrengthen Nature with Cordia'^ during its Encreafe; and during the ufe of evac°a ting Remedies, to keep the Horfe to a moiftenin» Diet, particularly to moiften'd Bran, which is m°^ eafily digefted than Oats. Perfumes received at $ Noftrils, areus'd by Farriers, but I never faw 'em <* good-, they make the Horfe too lean and dry, afl fink his Appetite; befides, injecting with SyringeS' makes Perfumes and Feathers ufelels. But after a'' I have feen Horfes hold out for fix Years with ^ Glanders, and do all their wonted Service, with^ the ufe of any Remedies, though in deed the Difealc carried 'em off at laft. Another Remedy for the Glanders, is this. ^[
the fecond Bark of the Elder-Tree that grows in ^, tery places cut finally and with it fill a three quart ? < a third part full, adding two quarts of Water, ^ boiling it to the Confumption of one half, flirring it y time to time. Then add another quart, and confi1 » that too. Then prefs out the remaining quart, a diffolve in (train'd Liquor half a Pound of Oil Ot'v \ Inje&half aPintofthis Liquor into his Noftrils, aD,5 give him the reft to drink, walking him afterwar abroad in his Cloaths for half an hour. It may be r peated after eight days. Sometimes it compafTes l„ Cure •, however, it never produces dangerous effe*5- jj- |
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^art II. PerfeB Farrier. 241
, Jf the Glanders are curable, the following Reme-
j y Will do the Bufinefs; if they're incurable and the
, ^ngs quite corrupted, it will kill the Horfe. 'Tis
p Is» Take of Oriental Caflor, grofiy beaten, an Ounce;
entlan beaten, and Savin fliced fmall, of each an Ounce
d a half; boil them in five Quarts of firong Vinegar
° Three. After the Liquor is cold, ftrain it thro' ^'nnen Cloth., Give him a quart of this Liquor, 1 .ter he has flood bridled three Hours,. covering .ltri up in the Stable, and not hindring him to lie j^^n; and two Hours after, walking him half an r*°Ur. When he recovers his Appetite, which will aPpen in two or three Days, give him another
Jvart in the like manner ; and after that, another, ^en his Appetite returns. This Remedy will oc-
j °n a great Commotion in his Body ; but if he °es not cough up part of his Lungs, and runs only
. the Noftrils an unbloody, and not greenifh Mat- er> you need not defpair. Rnietick V/ine is very proper in this,
^ all other Difeafes of Horfes. It Emcthk wine. j^rnotes the Operation of Purgatives, C ^ excites Urine , when Nature ftands in need of ach Evacuations ; it clears theWindpipeand Lungs, j J? is of lingular Ufe in Glyfters. 'Tis prepar'd by of nS aa Night, five or fix Pieces of the fineftGlafs tyr-fitimony beaten finall, in a quart or five half pints of j> !'te Wine or Claret; or letting the Wine ftand 24 v 0t[rs in a Cup of the Regulus of Antimony ; or by j ^ing two Ounces of the Liver of Antimony in Pow- r r> in a three quart Bottleful of White Wine orCla- ^ > of which you may take out five half pints for a ^'e> after it has flood 24 Hours, flill pouring in frefh r lr,e for what you take out; for the fame quantity of b yWimonial Powder, will ferve perpetually. The •j J ^ntimonial Preparation, is the Angelical Powder, tlj Us'd to an ounce in 3 Q^sofWine.Thofe who grudge e charge of Wine, may infufe in Beer; which will
R produce
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242 *The Compleat Hor fern an: or,
produce the fame effects, and is of peculiar ufe in Wy
Hers. This Emetick Wine or Beer, is both given at tn Mouth,'and injected at the Noftrilswith goodfucce1' Thefe are the beft Remedies yet known; but
true Glanders is for the molt part incurable, |
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CHAP. VI.
• Of the Difeafes of the Eyes*
THE Difeafes of the Eyes proceed eitherfr?^
a defluxionof (harp biting humours, enflafl1' £ the Eye; or from fome external hurt. In the ' , mer cafe the Eyes are watry, hot, red and fwoll*^ and the defluxion advances gradually : In the Wjf the Milady comes quickly to a height, and on ttl outfide of the Eye the Skin is peel'd off". j If the Diftemper proceeds from a Rheurrt> u
Defluxion, you muft confider whether the Rheu^ immediately deriv'd from the Eye, or from ano^ difaffected part. In the latter cafe the redrefl1^ of the part will fet the Eye free: In the forrtli 'tis proper to cool his Blood with an Ounce of ". Prune), mix'd every day with his Bran; and vW1 j it leffens his Appetite, to fhift it with Liver j Antimony, till he comes to his Stomach again. < theEyebefwollen, hot, clos'd up, and red orbjoO fhotten, let the following Medicine be immediate applied. ' _ m Take common Bole Armenickinfoi^11 i
A Remedy for njjx ({ with Vinegar, and the WhtieS 7 Rhmms m the fwo Egg^ m jf bg ^^ tQ a #»</9 'yes' Pafte; to be applied Morning and^
vening, about the Eye, for half a Foot round, ,(
thing the Eye five or fix times a day, with a l'1 fine Sponge foak'd in Brandy. Or, , .y Take a new laid Egg boiVd hard; and having1
ken off the Jhell-, cut it through the middle* and , |
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^aft II. Perfetf Farrier. 243
ut the Yolk, putting into its place, a piece of white Vi~
, Zcs about the bignefs of a Nut; then joyn the two
■ alfs of the Egg, and wrapping it in a piece of clean J1" fine Linnen, infufe it in half aglafs of Rofe Water,
Y thefpace of fix Hours. Then throwing away the
°ak'd Egg, pour eight or ten drops of the Wa- er into the Horfe's Eye with a Feather, Morning an^ Evening.
> .•For a preient Remedy ; 'Take the White of a new
a*d Egg, an equal Quantity of Rcfe Water, the big-
Jfi of a fmall Nut of white Vitriol in fine powder.
*?eat 'em all with a ftick, and put fome of it into
J1^ Eye. This allays the heat, and repulfes the
^um. This and all fuch Waters muft be renew'd j. tef feven or eight days, left they turn fharp or
^Wre. And withal remember, that changing and
^fting of Remedies, retards the Cure very much. , If the Diftemper does not yield to [hefe Remedies, make ufe of the fol- <*»Eyew*ttr.
>°wing Eye-Water, fake four handfuh of true ground v?)' (not the common creeping Ivy, which lafts all
J'nter) beat it in a marble Mortar, with the Whites * fix hard Eggs; then add half a pint of very clear 'hte Wine, a quarter of a pint of Rofe Water, an pnce and a half of Sugar Candy, and as much white
nHol; beat 'em well together with a Pefile, flrewing
hn >em an ciince of white Salt; then cover the Mor-
j1"' and place it in a Cellar; after it has flood there
a^ or fix hours, pour the whole Compofition into
fcl 'Ppocras Bag of clean white Serge, and fet a Vef-
Ur.der it to receive the Water that drops through, fv i^h rnuft be preferv'd in a glafs Bottle; and eve-
n Morning and Evening pour fome of it into the
*Ve's Efe.
w, °r a cheap eafy Medicine, take
07at follows. Take a piece of Blew $£* ^-
l Cyprus Copperas, infufe it in Plan-
ne Water, or that of Fennel, or of Eye-bright, R 2 cr
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244 The Compleat Horfeman: or-)
6r of Rue, or of Celendine, or of Rofes, or ofCherV »
or for want of thefe in common Water ; pour lo of the bluifli infufion into the Eye, as being a d» famick adftringent, of Angular virtue againft re"ne and inflammations of the Eye; applying at the fa01 time the following Ointment. Take of the. Ointment called Alb!"'^
An ointment Rhafis, one pound; Salt of Lead **r ftheRE°TS'" traSled in freParinl the 0ll> or *f I
cannot be had, the common Salt of LeCi^
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in fine powder half an Ounce. Incorporate 'em ve ;
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well together, and anoint the parts about the Eye '
half a Foot round, Morning and Evening, f°r |
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confiderable time.
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For Pains and Inflammations of the Eyes, the^5
nothing better than a charge made of rotten Applej' or of frefh Apples roafted under the Afhes, the fe£^ being taken out, and beaten in a Marble M°r' tar, and fprinkledwith Rofe Water; applying '^i0 the Eye with foft Flax. For the fame end you &H apply by way of Pultis, the cruft of a white LoJl' hoc from the Oven, and foak'd in Cow's Milk ° Brandy ; as alfo Plantane and Celendine, wrap'd Q? in a Clout about the Horfe's Poll, leaving holes & the two Ears, and the found Eye. In all Prepa^' tions of Remedies for the Eyes," you muft take && to avoid fat and oily Ingredients, becaufe they &'lC c to the part, and by caufing a continual motion ° the Eyelid, enflame the heat. Some Horfes have naturally tender weeping EyeS'
which void a fharp Corrofive humour; which *reeK ply cur'd by bathing the Eyes, and the adjace° Part,s, Morning and Evening, with Brandy. } In the Difeafesof the Eyes, occafioned by externa1
hurts,'the fame cooling and aftringent Medicine* are proper. But that which may ferve inftead o all other, is the folution of Lapis Mirabilis, or the wonderful Stone; the virtue of which, is aofvvej"' |
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"at II. PerfeB Farrier. 245-
aole to its Title. The Compofition of the Stone is
this, b¥<ike of white Vitriol, two founds;
«*b Allum, three pounds; fine Bole Ar- jflF m*~
netick, half a pound; Litharge of Geld
avd Silver, two Ounces. Reduce 'em all to pow-
e.r> and put 'em in a new glaz'd Earthen Pot,
lch three quarts of Water. Boil them very gently
,Ver a fmall Fire, without fmoak, fet equally round ^e Pot, till the Water is quite wafted, and the ^ter at the bottom perfectly dry. Then lee re matter cool, which will grow harder by long , eping. Now to make an infufion of this Stone, -j?1' muft put half an ounce of it, to four ounces ' Water in a glafs Bottle; it will difiqjve in a
barter of an hour, and make the Water as white ils Milk, when you fhake the Bottle. With this !c}uor, which will keep good twenty Days, you ^uft wafh the fore Eye, Morning and Evening, faking the Bottle every time. This may ferve l^ftead of all other Medicines for Rheums, Blows, Jloon-Eyes, &c. and to my mind is much fafer by , ay of folution or infufion, than by way of powder lo^n into the Eye.
If after the abatement of the heat, 1 ^ Hopping of the Rheum, there re- To remove a J^ins a white Film upon the Eye, you f™on thc bUft remove it, by lifting up the ye' Mids, after the Eye has been wafh'd with Wine,
^A rtroaking it gently with your Thumb, cover'd . !tn Wheat-Flower. This method of ftroaking j ^h the Thumb, is better than blowing powders to the Eyes, with a leaden Pipe, becaufe theHorfe
, "not be fo much aware of the former, as of the a ^er- Common Salt, or Salt of Lead, beaten fine, fum ^UC 'nto t'ie ^e' are ^ewife ProPer to cpn>
J&e a Film. Or you may put a little Salt into
Ur Mouth in the Morning falling, and after 'tis
R 3 diffolv'd,
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246 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
diflblv'd, wafh the Horfe's Eye with your SpitJ1^
But above all, there is nothing fo effectual as Sa - Armoniack, beaten and put into the Eye, and re- peated every day, till the Film is taken off. |
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CHAP. VII.
Of a Hamorrhagy, or bleeding.
AHaemorrhagy, is a Flux of Blood at the N°.'e
or Mouth, occafion'd by unufual Fatigues & hot Weather, which mingle the Blood with a SaJ or fpirituous juice, that makes the Blood ferment' and boil out of its VeiTels-, or by over-feeding, whlC occafions a Redundancy of Blood ; or by yi° ,e exercife, which makes it boil up, and open t*v Mouths of the Veins. That a faline Spiritous I>j' quor will raife a ftrong Fermentation in the Bloo » is plain from the violent Ebullition that happen upon mixing the Spirit of Wine, Hartfhorn, ° Soot, with Blood drawn from the Veins. "' .. To ftop a bleeding at Nofe or Mouth, left ' kill or weaken the Horfe; you muft immediate; let him Blood in the Flanks or Plate Veins of ^ Thighs, or rather in the Neck, if you take Blo°^ enough in the other parts. Then beat a large qua ^ tity of Knot-grafs (or, if you cannot find that, Nettles) to a Mafh, and fill the Horfe's Noft^ with it -, binding alfo fome of it to his Temples, a° to his Reins, where the Saddle ends, and even _ his Stones, if he is not gelt. In Summer let t ^ Horfe fland two hours in Water, up to his ^aD% or if you want a conveniency for that, cover Head and Back with a Cloth, feven or eight tim doubled, and dip'd in Vinegar and Water. Keep } ^ in the Stable with his Head upright, not ^"er^ |
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"art II, PerfeB Farrier. 247
""*> to lie down; and from time to time, throw
^d Water on his Sheath and Stones; next day i|eed him again, and injedl the following cooling ^yfter. Take Mallows and Marfhmailows, of
efch a handful; Plantane, two hand- a Glyjler fir Ms; Succory, Lettuce, and Pur/lane, of bleeding. eack a handful. Boil ,e?n in five pints °* ^Vater, with an ounce and a half of Sal Poly- rsfi in powder. To thejlrain'd liquor, add a quar-
tei" of a pound of the Ointment Populeum (not adul- territed with Verdigreafe) or of the true Unguentum Ro- faum. Make a Glyfter to be inje&ed, after you h**t rak'd the Horfe. If the bleeding ftill continues, notwithftanding
thefe Precautions, take Plantane Leaves, beaten and ^'X'd with Male Frankincenfe, Aloes or Myrrh, and Put 'em into his Noftrils, holding his Nofe up, *s if you were going to give him a Drench •, then c°ver him with the Cloth dip'd in Oxycrate, and *Prow cold Water frequently on his Sheath and ^ones. If the Blood runs with a violent flream, take the
P^der of a Stone-Afs's Dung, dry'd in a fhadei atl(i blow it plentifully into the Horfe's Nofe, thro' ?■ glafs Pipe or Lead. This is an excellent Snuff, ^°th for Men and Horfe, who are apt to bleed at jj°fe-, and fmells only of dry Herbs. Hoy/ever for j^ fake of nice Riders, that will not keep about j efn what fmells of Afs-turd, I fhall fubjoin the fol- ding Remedy. "Take a Hare kill'd in March, flay her, and with-,
Ut larding prepare her for the Spit, but do not *!Ut her upon it; then dry her in an Oven, fo that ji?e whole flefh may be reduc'd to powder, which, f blown plentifully into the Horfe's Nofe, will ef- teetualiy ftanch the Blood R 4 In
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248 T^°e Compleat Horfeman: or,
In any time of the Year, you may ufe in the 1*
Manner the Powder of the Rinds of Pomgranats* RomanVhriol and Allum, in equal Quantities; an"1 will keep long without lofing its Virtue. |
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CHAP. VIII.
Of the Vives.
TH E Vives is a Swelling and Inflammation, .
the Glands and Kernels of the Neck, vvb^ ftraitens the Windpipe, and occafions fuch a P'^' culty of Breathing and Uneafinefs, that the H°r5 frequently lies down, and ftarts up again, and tum^ about ftrangely. The Caufes are, drinking or bei'V expofed to Cold after a violent Heat, in which C& the Humors being melted down, fall too plentifu^ upon the Kernels; eating too large a quantity of B? ley, Oats, Wheat or Rye; and feveral other Cau"' owing to the Indifcretion of the Rider or Groom- Unlefs the Vives be fo large, tj1^
"J Remedy far the Horfe is in prefent Danger of be"1*' iixYms. ftifled, I would not advife you i open it. The better Way is to *°t
them, by taking hold of the Kernel with a pair ^ Pincers or Pliers, and beating the fwelling geflt ^ with the Handle of a fhoeing Hammer, or brui^F the Tumours with your Hand, till they are ently foften'd: After which they will certainly ^\ pear. But this Method you muff, not commence, l the fwelling is ripe, which is known by the eafy Sef^ ration of the Hair from the Skin, when one
plucks i'
with his Hand. The Place where the inflam'd K-er'
nel lies, is trac'd by bending the Horfe's Ear da^p* wards towards his Throat, near the Cheek-b;one * and in that Place where it touches the Skin, istJl Inflamm*'
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j^ft II. Perfetf Farrier. 249
j?ttammation feared, and there you will find the
ernel that mull be taken up with the Pincers, .having rotted, or in cafe of neceffity, open'd e Vives, bleed the Horfe under the Tongue, and ^r that in the Flanks ; walh his Mouth with Salt ^d Vinegar ; blow fome of the Vinegar into his ars5 rubbing and fqueezing them hard to make ic pHe.trate, for it powerfully afluages the Pain that A communicated to the Jaws, by reafon of their ^earnefs to the Seat of the Vives. Then make the £j°rfe drink a quart of Wine, with two Handfuls of pefnpfeed beaten,two Nutmegs gratedand theYolks Eggs, walking him gently half an Hour after. 5, ,°ut an Hour after the giving of that Draught, I "ich is a good and fure Remedy, inject the fol- ding Glyfter. fo *W five pints of Beer {or of Wine and
j^Qter) with an Ounce and a half of 5at A Glyfter for rtycbrejl in fine Powder; remove it from the vives, e Fire; add two Ounces of Oil of Bay, !lc< injeH it Blood-warm. Or, > Take the five opening Roots, of each one handful %
^at ,em grojly, and boil 'em in three quarts of Water v" a quarter of an Hour; add the foftening Herbs, Jfllows, Viohts, Herb Mercury^ and PelUtory of the « > °f e#ch one handful; boil them again as before j p£* ftrain out the Liquor, and add a pint of Emetick . l*ie ', Hony of the Herb Mercury, half a pound ; Jjh Butter four Ounces ; Oil of Rue, two Ounces j *Vake a Glyfter to be inie&ed after you have raked ^Horfe. ft *ou will rarely meet with any In- alce of this Diftemper, that will A fure Remedy
j.0* yiey to the following Medicine. fortbeVives. J1™ an Ounce of Venice Treacle, in a part of red Wine •■, or, if the Difeafe be violent, tj a pint of Brandy ' Let him drink it. At the fame mP prepare a Glyfter of the foftening Herbs, with an
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250 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
an ounce and a half of Liver of Antimony in powf. '
adding to the ftrained Liquor, two ounces of Vertl Treacle, with a quarter of a pound of frefh Butte?' |
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CHAP. IX.
Of the Cholick, Fret or Gripes,
THE Cholick proceeds either fr0lf
over-feeding, or from Wind; ' SJ7T from a S,afIV FleSm in the InteftineS{
qr from Worms; or from a ftoppage
Urine. It always attends the Vives. . g That from over-feeding, is cur'd by Evacuat'1^
with Carminative Glyfters (not with Vomits, for t^.' never take effect in Horfes) and ftrengthening fy ture with Cordials; of which Orvietan, and the^r fence of Vipers are the mod celebrated. The U vietan is thus prepar'd. 1 Take of Sage, Rue, Rofemary ^
rks orvktan. Goats Rue, of secich a handful 5. ^ duns Beneditlus, Dittany of Cft' Roots of Mafterwort, white Bohemian Angd'lC , Biftort, round and long Birthwort, white Ditt^'S Gdangal, Gentian Cofimary, Aromatick Reed, & \ Parfley-feed, of each an Ounce; Bayberries and J^f perberries, of each half an Ounce; Cinnamon, Clo^, ''and Nutmegs, of each three Drams; Sealed £#r' j frepafd with Vinegar, and old Venice Treacle, J each an Ounce; Powder of Vipers, four Ounces-* Wa* nuts cleans:'d and dry'd, Crum of white Bread dr1 J <>f each eight Ounces j clarified Hony, feven Pountr« Chop the V/allnuts, beat 'em with the Bread, jfffi fafs 'em thro" a fearce, turn'd upfide down, ^ h $h.e Powders and other Ingredients, and at Ijft i j Treacle md Hony, This is the true preparation |
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A
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art II. PerfeEi Farrier. z<it
trig r\
tj,J^vietan-, which is an excellent-Medicine iri
^.lt:Difeafes for Horfes, efpecially in the Cholick, Vj1^ glven in Wine, and the Horfe being after- % v/alk'd and well cover'd. All the Virtues of f s excellent Medicine, are fully enjoy'd by theEf- ~e °f Vipers, which is thus prepar'd. t Qke of purtfy'd Nitre, pure Salt of , „. „
~arth rt 1 i j c ?i r i d Ths zfienct °f ye, Peter) of each a pound. Dry them,
a Uce them to powder, and mix 'cm with four times
tji much Potter's Earth fearced. Let the whole ftand
till* °r four ^ays m an Earihen Pan, in a Cellar,
f0 t^e Salts are dijfolv'd. Then reduce all to a ^ of Pafte, to be form'd into little Balls, of ~\fr °ignefs of frnall Nuts, adding fome drops of ^ ater, if the Mafs be too dry. After the Balls tie dry, put 'em into an Earthen Retort, diftilling fj ?rt\ as Aquafortis is ufually diftill'd, and you will \- in the Recipient a Menftruum, fit to diffolve (j Pers. Put this Liquor in a Matrafs, with a mo ty:[1ate heat, and throw to it a Live Viper ; which a Suickly expire, and afterwards melt away like j. chovys in Butter. Then pour off the clear Jr^°r> after it has fettled; and referve it for the cj.^ce of Vipers, to be mix'd with three parts of ^led cordial Waters.
r\ he moft peculiar fign of the Wind- ed y°lick is a fwelling of the Horfe's Bo- f^vindch°- <J' as if it were ready to burft, ac- (0 Ponied by the tumbling and toffing, common c^7« other kinds of Cholicks. 'Tis frequently J?j s'd by Tickling. 'Tis cur'd by bleeding in the freln ' and l,nder the Tongue; and walking hirrt a 3Uently, fometimesat a Trot, and fometimes at Ol a0t"Pace. If it continues, inje<5t the following k /^e two 0UnceS of the Drofs of Liver bf Antimony,
■Piepowder; boil 'em a little* but very brijkly, in five pints
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2 j i The Compleat Horfeman: or,
fmts of Beer. With three or four Ounces of g°
Oil of Bay, make aGlyfter to be injected we™tfe, and repeated every two hours. But the molt ^ &ual expeller of Wind, is three or four ounce the following Oil in the ordinary Glyfters. ytar\o' ■Take Rue, Calamint, wild ™ L tv%f}or ram' and Pemy-R°yal>al1 dn'dfCinn'
GlyJlZ. Ihade-> °feacb one handful; feeds of
min, Carrots and Fennel, and &aXue.
ties, of each an Ounce; Oil Olive, two -pounds; W ,s ,f Wine a pint. Pound the Herbs, bruife the Se^ and put all together in an Earthen glaz'd * j covering it with another Pot fomewhat lefs, ^. luted with Clay or Pafte. Boil them over a ja Fire about fix hours. After it is half cool'd, ^Q, out the Oil, and add four Ounces of the Pulp °* ^e loquintida. Then put the Oil again into the *a ^ Pot, covering and luting it as before : And bo1 with a gentle heat, fix or eight hours; after ^ l«\i let it boil brifkly half an hour, and after it 's . ^ cool'd uncover the Pot, and prefs out the Oil, ^jLa is a cheap durable Medicine, and more effec than any other Ingredient in Carminative Glyftf Vj -., n A Cholick taking rife from a w\> The Common » ^rCUl"
TntorCboUck. glafiy Flegm, is at once more oo
and more fatal than any of the Y ^
ceeding kinds. In this Difeafe, which is °*. 6 ixfher'd in by a Loofenefs of a day's ftanding* Horfe fweats in the Flanks and Ears; he cti -fa vours in vain to Dung •, what Excrements he v_° are few, and moftly Phlegm, that cannot be *eP f rated from the Guts without great Pain; a j fuch an Evacuation he has a moment of eafe» a feems to be perfectly cur'd; but his Torment turns in an inftant, attended by a lofs of appe£' A a frequent lying down, and darting up, an looking upon his Flanks. 3
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^aft If. PerfeB Farrier, 253
^ ^cr Cure: STkfo /wo quarts of Milk, or of'Tripe-
yn w^ i Of/ Olive> and frejh Butter', 0/" <wi> /oar or q f Ounces; the yolks of fix Eggs, and two or three *nces of Sugar. Make a G3yfter to be repeated j ery three hours. Purgatives given at the Mouth, in rea^"e ^ie Pa'n D^ moving the humours and twitch- es the Guts : So that Glyfters, frequently injected r e 'nfinitely preferable; to which after the pain is .^ewhat affwaged, we rnuft add two ounces of Dia- a ^retick Antimony, in order to melt the Humours, a ^ remove the Caufes. The following mixture is J eafy and familiar Remedy of good ufe, to allay t,e.pain, attenuate the thick humours, and qualify ^f heat and fharpnefs.
j t^ke Oil of Rofes, and common Oil, of each a pound*, c e $ugar, eight ounces ; Rofe-Water a pint. Mix, and m. ^ a glafsful down his Throat with a Horn, every V hours. b /^hen you perceive that the Horfe is freed of his
Kln> feed him with Bran feven or eight Days -, af- f0] ^hich, to extirpate the caufe, purge him with the j.'owing Oil, which is preferable to all other Purga- 0 es5 by reafon that it moves a Horfe's Belly, with- (i thofe fatal diforders that commonly enfue upon y. taking of other Purgatives-, tho' indeed I could tjj ^'fome powerful Diaphoretickwere fubftituted in ^ .Place of all Purgatives, fince they prove fo per- C'°us to Horfes. The Oil I fpeak of, is this. f<t & °f °il °Hve> thne ?0mds > CU~ An Excellent
he J?6' a ?wt> pulp of Cohquintida, turgingQii. Q Ounces; Flower of Linfeed, an jjicnce and a half; three Lilly Roots, cut into round q£s *> Misfletoe of the Apple-tree beaten, an Ounce % $*m°ml Flowers, a handful. Put all the Ingre- fQ nts into a Pot, cover'd exactly with another *ithWlut Iefs' and lute the Junftures of the Vefiels
Aft ^iay' temper'd with a little Hair or Wool.
er the Clay is dried, boil the whole Compofition
gently
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2 y4 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
gently eight or ten hours. When 'tis halt co ^
ftrain it through a Linnen Cloth, and give to Horfe one half of it lukewarm, in a pint or y ijg or Sheeps-Head Broth, not fat; adding a 1^ more afterwards, if you find him hard to be wroUe. upon. This Oil will keep ten Years, without ^ leaft Alteration. 'Tis a good Purge for fuch "?rJo. as continue lean after hard labour. Tho' the *-■ quintida in it, may feem improper in a Cho yet its fharpnefs being temper'd by the Oil, ren it a proper Medicine. . je , Sometimes violent and unfuffera
Sir Cholick pains, are occafion'd by br*£
thick and lhort Worms, orfruncuc^' ^
Jike little Beans, of a red colour; which gnaW a pierce the Guts, and fometimes eat holes thro' l ^ Maw, and fo kill the Horfe. The figns of/u^ Cholick, are red Worms voided along with excrements (for the long white Worms, feldom gr L a Horfe) the Plorfes biting his Flanks or Belly in „ extremity of pain, or tearing off his Skin •, andt'1^ turning his Head and looking upon his Belly 5 g fweating all over the body, his frequent thro^'1 i himfelf down and ftarting up again, with leVt unufual Poftures. •$ For the Cure •, Take half an Ounce of Me'''c%r:>
dulcis ('tis worth 15 d. an Ounce, and does not pt1 ; the Tongue as the Sublimate does) an Ounce an<* ^ half of old Venice Treacle. Make up the vr^°t. into three Pills, to be given in a Pint of Cl^1" An hour after, in order to entice the Worms to l ftreight Gut, injed a fweet Glyfter of M*,j Tripe Broth, with the Yolks of Eggs, and hal pound of Sugar. _ Q{ The following Powder has a lingular v'rtu5ng
killing Worms, and at the fame time correct! & Indigeftion, difpelling Wind, and qualifying a giaj, Phlegm. So chat 'tisjuftly reckqn'd a Specifics j |
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**rt II. PerfeB Farrier. ijj
1 the kinds of Cholicks above mention'd* and
•Jght to be kept ready made by Travellers, fince
, Clicks are fo frequent upon a Journey, and 'tis ard to adjuft the particular fpecies of 'em. The
^Pecifick is this. Jake Roots of Mafler-wort > Leaves
Qnd Roots of Radices, greater Cenlory, fJ^K fd Tanfy, all drfd in the Summer- ^choith! J-n> or in the moderate heat of an Vsn in Winter, of each a pounds Germander <, Ground-
• e-> Roots of Angelica and Elecampane, all drfd l\ the fhade, of each half a pound > Sea-mofs, and ^Ver Aloes, of each four Ounces; Galangak Nutmegs Q?d Sal Prunella, of each two Ounces. Pound 'erri 1 apart, then mix and keep 'em in a Leathern Bag*
J glafs Bottle clofe ftopp'd. The Dofe is from an ^nce to two Ounces and a half, according to the fize
2* the Horfe, to be mix'd with three or fouf f^ams of Old Treacle, or an Ounce of Treacle Dia^ i!:ftaron, orMithridate, and given in apint of Whiter jp ne> walking the Horfe afterwards in his Cloaths^ ^ you fufpecl Worms, an Ounce and an half of the Pscifick powder, mix'd with half an Ounce of Mef-
Urius dulcis, will infallibly kill them. Thofe whd
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.------------' —.----------------j — -------- ---------- ---------
fe Prejudiced againft Mercury, may mix an ounce
J the Specifick powder with an ounce of Aloes,
tfce drams of Coloquintida, as much of Agarick,
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fa quart of White-Wine, with a quarter of a pint
the Gall of an Ox, covering him well after it, w.^ walking him for a quarter of an houn This i ''* at once purge and kill the Worms : But it is ori* J Proper for great Eaters, and that about two or ^,ree days after the fit of the Cholickis over. Thofe ^l0 have not the Specifick powder ready made, j ,lV put in its place an Ounce or two of the fol- j) ^,'nS powder, which is cheap and eafily pre- Wrd> viz. i Take
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2 j 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Take of common Par/ley Roots drf*
AJrf %"' in thefhade, two pounds; grains of P^' Iholil raixfe and Rinds of Oranges, drfd and reduced to powder, of each a pound; r*"
geons Bung, half a pound. Make a coarfe powder, to be kept in a Leathern Bag. Thofe who are curious, may pre"
tettlfbe Pare the following dulcify'd Spirit J 'clolicL ' which indeed, is an excellent, and with- al a cheap and durable Remedy. TeM
of Spirit of Nitre about half a pound, pour it b/ drops upon an equal quantity of the beft Spirit o» Wine, to prevent too violent an Ebullition. After the Agitation ceafes, put the whole liquor in a C«' curbit, with its Head and Receiver, andDiftill with a gentle Sand heat; Cohobating or repeating the Diftillation of the Liquor that comes over fou1* feveral times; by which means the Spirit wi" unite, and become fweet. Give a dram and a half* or two drams of this Spirit in White-Wine; and aft ounce and a half, or two ounces in an ordinary Glyfter. If thefe Medicines prove fucceflefs, give the
Horfe two {linking Pills in a pint of Wine, and af> hour after a Glyfter, repeating the fame Dofe * fecond or third time, if the pain ftill continues- This is only proper, after the Trial of other M^" dicines. Sometimes a Horfe is feiz'd with i
flCJZtkr Cholick, in which he cannot ftal* from alupprej- ,_ \_ . . •„
[ton of Urine, The cauies are either obftructions in
the Neck of the Bladder, or an I*1'
fiammation of the Bladder, or (though very rarely)
Sand and Gravel. Without timely affiftance, thj.5
Cholick proves mortal. You may know it by thefe
Signs; he tumbles and rifes often, he offers in van*
to ftale; oftentimes his body fwells, and fometime?
he fweats about the Flanks. The Cure mutt
comment
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J
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Part II. PerfeEi Farrier. 257
commence with a foftening Glyfter, mix'd with Tur-
pentine, difiblv'd with the Yolks of Eggs, and the Carminative Oil prefcribed for Wind-Cholicks. Then give what follows: Take about four Ounces of drfd Pige-
°ns dung in powder ; boil it in a quart of {r0^Z ur\L. White-Wine ; and after two or three waums, ftrain out the liquor, and give it blood-warm *o the Horfe: Then walk him for half an hour, and he will ftale if it be poffible. If a thick Flegm flops the Urinary Pafiages, the
following Remedy will certainly give relief, either by Sweat or Urine. Take an Ounce of Sajfafras Wood with the Bark, cut it fmall, and infufe it in a <{uart of White-Wine in a large glafs Bottle well ftop'd, fo that two thirds of the Bottle may remain empty. Let it ftand on hot Afhes, about fix hours ; then ftrain out the Wine, and give it to the Horfe ifi a Horn. |
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CHAP. X.
Of an Immoderate Flux of Urine; and of a Sta-
ling, or Tiffing of Blood. SOmeti mes a Horfe is feiz'd with an
excefiive Flux of crude and un- /i""-' ^igefted Urine, refembling Water, ^hich gradually drains his ftrength. The Caufe is a ^eat andfharpnefs in the Blood, or an Inflammation ^ the Kidneys, which, like cupping-glafles, fuck in J«»e unconco&ed Serum from the Veins. The remote ^ufes, are the immoderate and irregular working v[ .young Horfes, cold Rains in the beginning of /\'nter, eating of Oats imported by Sea, which °eing fpungy, imbibe the faline Spirits of the Sea. S As
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258 The Compleat Horfeman i or,
As for the Cure; the Horfe muft be fed with Bran
inftead of Oats. Give him a cooling Glyfter, next. da"y let him Blood, the day after injedl anothef Glyfter, and next day after that bleed him again, hot exceeding the quantity of two pounds of Blood at a time. This done, boil two quarts of Water, and put it into a pail-full of common Water, with a large handful of Oriental Bole, beaten to powder. Mix all well, and let the Horfe drink it lukewarm for his ordinary drink, Morning and Evening'» giving him full liberty to drink, and quench h's Thirft, which in this Difeafe is excefiive; for the more he drinks, he will be the fooner cur'd. Sometimes a Horfe, through immo-
Af StfoTl derate exereife in the Heat of Summer, "■' b °c piffes pure Blood. If a Vein or Veffel
be broken, it is mortal. If it proceeds only from
the Heat of the Kidneys, 'tis eafily cur'd; for in that cafe all the Urine is not Blood, for a fmall quantity of Blood will give a red Tincture to a large quan- tity of Urine* For the Cure ; bleed the Horfe* and give him every Morning, for fix or feven days' three pints of the infufion of Crocus Metallorum i" White Wine; (which will both cleanfe the Bladder? and heal the part affected) keeping him bridle? four hours, before and after taking it. If th's Difeafe is accompanied with a heat and beating •" the Flanks, give him a cooling Glyfter in the Even- ing ; bleed him a fecond time •, and diffolve two Oun' ces of Sal Polychreft in the three pints of Emetic^ Wine prefcribed to be given every Morning. " the Sal Polychreft fpoils his eating, or if the Emetic'4 Wine does not compafs the Cure; give the follow' ing Medicine, the Virtues of which I have expe' rienced. |
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f>
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"art II. PerfeB Farrier. 259
Take two Ounces of the heft Venice
Treacle, or for want of that, of Dia- Aa^mfj "' teJfaron; common Honey, and fine Sur £^lood Zar, of each four Ounces. Incorporate e*n in a Mortar; then add Annifeed, Corianderfeed "nd Liquorice, of each two Ounces in fine powder. Wix 'em well, and give it diffolv'd in a quart <?f Claret; keeping him bridled three hours, be- J°re and after; and let him Blood next day. The '}ext day after that, injeft the following Glyfter. *W five pints of Whey made of Cow's Milk, with foo Ounces of the Scorice of Liver of Antimony, ln fine powder: As foon as it begins to rife in S|"eat bubbles, remove it from the Fire ; and ad- ding four ounces of Oil Olive, injecT: it lukewarm. l* the Difeafe continues, as I believe it will not, i'Ou muft repeat the whole courfe. |
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CHAP. XI.
Of the St avers and Giddinefs.
N the Stavers or Staggers, a Horfe |
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I
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lofes the ufe of his Senfes; hereels
M fhggers, as if he were Drunk; beats his Head
j§ainft the Walls and Manger with extream Vio- t?nce, and lies down and rifes with greater fury ^n in the Cholick. The Caufes of this Diftemper, j- e hard riding or labour in hot Weather, noifome ^ells in the Stable, long Races, with frequent Reeling about, and quick turns, exceffive eating,
na above all a redundancy of hot and lharp Hi»-
'^s in the Stomach.
Y ^or the Cure: Bleed him in the Flanks and Plate- t\yeins of tne Thighs; then give him a Glyfter of 0 quarts of Emetick Wine, lukewarm, with a
S 2 quarter |
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160 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
quarter of a pound of the Ointment Populeum; after*
which, fuffer him to repofe a while. About an Hour or two after that Glyfter is voided, inject the following. Boil two ounces of the Scoria of Liver of Antimony, in fine powder, in five pints of Beer. After five or fix waums, remove it from the Fire* and adding a quarter of a pound of Unguenturn Rofatum, inject it lukewarm. Repeat this Gly- fter frequently ; and rub his Legs ftrongly with a wifp of Straw moiften'd in warm Water, to make i Revulfion; feed him with Bran or white Bread; an" walk him from time to time, in a temperate place. If the Difeafe ftill continues, notwithftanding the
ufe of thefe Medicines: Give him an Ounce of Ve- nice Treacle, or Orvietan, difiblv'd in a quart of fome Cordial Waters: And immediately after in- ject this Glyfter lukewarm. 'Take of Sal Polychrefi and Venice Treacle, of each two ounces: Diflblve 'erfl in two quarts of a Decoction of the foftening Herbs, with a quarter of a pound of Oil of Rue. Make a Glyfter. Sometimes a Horfe is feiz'd with
A Giddinefs. fuch a Giddinefs, that he falls down when he is taken out of the Stable, but is brifk, and eats heartily, when he remains in the Stable; by which fign 'tis diftinguifiVd frotf the Stavers. It owes its rife to a redundancy ol Blood, occafion'd by the Horfe's being kept Jong in the Stable without Airing. 'Tis eafily cur'd by a Glyfter and Blooding-, repeated after two days- Moderate Exercife, and lefs Food, will prevent it, |
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chaf
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 161
CHAP. XII.
Of Strains or Wrenches in the Shoulders or Hips.
HOrfes are fo frequently liable to Strains in the
Shoulders or Hips, by overftraining the Liga- ments that fatten the Bones; that every Farrier is Sufficiently acquainted with them, and the ways Of discovering where the lamenefs is. I fhall there- fore only prefent you with two or three Receipts, that are noted for their Virtue, in all Shoulder-Splaits, Sprains, Pricks, Wrenches, &c. Take new Wax, Rofin, Pitch, and
common Turpentine, of each a pound; ^noimment r\ ■ 7 ^n 7 • . ' V- r r>> fv Strains m Vil Olive two punas; Greafe of Capons, tfjg syuM„u
Badgers, Horfes, and Mules, and the
Harrow of a Stag, of each five Ounces; Oils of Turpentine, Cafior, Worms, Chamomil, St. John's* fPort, Lin feed, and of Foxes, of each four Ounces; Vfl of Gabian, or, if that cannot be had, Oil of Peter, two Ounces. Put the Oil Olive in a Bafon pvfcr a clear Fire, with Wax, Rofin, and Pitch, j^aten together; ftir 'em over the Flame till they °e diflblv'd; then add theFattsand Stag's marrow, ald afterwards the Turpentine, incorporating all over ^ very gentle Fire, In the laft place pour in the ■'Is, ftirring the whole mixture half a quarter of atl hour; after which remove it from the Fire, and ^°ntinue to ftir, till it be cold. Heat the part af- e^ed by rubbing it with a wifp of Straw, or with Put- Hand; then chafe it with the Ointment, as r0t as the Horfe can bear it; holding a Fire/hovel ^ hot near the part, to make the Ointment pene- ^ate- Repeat the fame application once, every two |
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S 3 The
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i6z The Compleat Horfeman: or,
,The following Red Honey Charge, is fo generally
ufeful, not only for Strains or Wrenches, but for ripening Swellings, relieving decay'd and fwell'd Legs, benefiting tir'd and jaded Horfes, &c. that I do not know any Remedy fo Univerfal. The Compofition is as follows. Take of Sheep's Sewet melted, a pound
vej Charge".' md a balf'"> the Greafi rf a CaPO)!,
Hog, or Horfe, a pound; the Oil drawn
from the Bones of an Ox or Sheep, or, if neither of thefe can be had, Linfeed Oil, or Oil Olive, half $ pound; Claret of a thick Body, and deep Colour-, two quarts; Black Pitch and Burgundy Pitch, of each a pound; Oil of Bay, four ounces; common Turpentine a pound; Cinnabar in poivder, four ounces; common Honey, a pound and a half; powder of Cumminfeedt four ounces ; good Brandy, half a pint; fine Orient® Bole in poivder, three pounds ; a fttfjicient quantity cf Wheat-Flower, to thicken the whole Mixture. Put into a Kettle the Sewet, Greafe, the Oil of Sheep's Bones, and the Claret. Boil 'em over a gentle Fire at firft, increafing the Heat by Degrees, and flit' ring them from time to time, till part of the Wine be confum'd, that is about two Hours ; then pitf in both the Sorts of Pitch, and after they are dif' folv'd, the Oil of Bay. Remove the Veffel fron1 the Fire, and put in the Turpentine and Cinnabar* mixing them with the reft about a quarter of ^ Hour. After the Compofition is half cold, add the Honey, and afterwards the Cummin-feed, co$' tinuing to ftir as before : Then add the Bole in powder. When the whole is almoft cold, add thc Brandy, ftirring till it be perfectly mix'd. The"1 thicken it with, Wheat-Flower, almoft to the Con' fiftence of an Ointment, and continue ftirring till ^ be cold. If this Charge be well prepar'd, it v/i' keep a Year or two. During the Heat of Summer' you may apply it cold ; but in cold Weather y° mutt
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Part II. PerfeEl Farrier. 163
ttuft melt it. When you defign to ripen a Swelling, -
add to it Turpentine and Pitch, and apply it as hot as the Horfe can endure it; but upon a difcufiive Indi- cation, that is not proper to be done. When you have occafion to put it into a Horfe's Foot, you muft apply it boiling hot. The following Ointment is an eafy and approv'd
Remedy, for wither'd Shoulders, or for Strains or Wrenches in the Shoulders or Hips. Take a pint of Spirit of Wine: Put it into a Cucurbit, or ftrong Glafs-Viol, fo that two thirds of it remain empty; add half a pound of Caftile Soapjlicedfmall, and flopping the Glafe very clofe, fet it on hot AJhes, till the Soap be wholly melted, Let it be quite cold before you unftop the Cucur-r bit or Bottle, Thus you have an Ointment that will keep very long ; for tho' it gathers a Cruft on the Top, it remains very good underneath. 'Tis to be applied to the part affefted every Day, for feven or eight Days-, the part being iirft heated by rubbing With a Wifp of Straw. |
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CHAP. XIII,
Of Broken, Stiff, tfr'd, DecayW, Bruis'J, or
Swett'd Legs. THough the Cure of a broken Leg
or Thigh-boneinaHorfe, is* **\?* yery difficult, by reafon of the inconvenient Situa- tion of the Parts; yet it is not impoffible : For I have feen fuch Fractures cur'd, both in a MuJe and *Q a Horfe, without any other Inconveniency, but that of having the Shape of the Leg fpoil'd by the Callqs that reunites the Bones, and halting a little. Thefe Cures were perform'd after the common Me- thod of Splits and Bandages, as in Men ; the '$ 4 "Wound
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2^4 The Compleat Horfeman: ory
Wound being drefs'd every Day, and the Mule and
Horfe turn'd loofe into a Meadow to fhift for them- felves: For a Horfe can reft on three Legs, without ufing the broken One : Tho' Ithink it very probable, that the Cure will fucceed better, if the Horfe were hung in a Stable. Tho' the Poffibility of curing Fractures is queftioned by ignorant Farriers; yet the abovementioned Inftances, and the Autho- rity of Pbilitrpo Sacco Daldgliacozzo, and Signiof Carlo Ruini, who affert it, are fufficient Vouchers for it. .„ ,. The Signs of Stiff, Decay'd, or Brui-
s^f' fed Legs, are defcrib'd in the fecond
Part. For Cure •, the Red Hony Charge
is very proper to ftrengthen the Legs; as alfo what
follows.
Take of Spirit of Wine, a quart i
jrengtten t e pom^ 1VIix them in a glaz'd Earthen
Pot, cover'd with a leffer Pot, exactly fitted to it. Lute the Junctures carefully with Clay, mix'd with Horfe's Dung or Hair ; and after the Cement is dried, fet the Pot on a very gentle Fire, and keep the Ingredients boiling very foftly, for eight or ten Hours. Then take off the Pot, and fet jt to cool. With this Compofition you are to chafe the Mafter Sinew, havjng fjrft rubb'd it with your Hand, till it grows hot. Repeat the Compofition every Day. Or, Take a fufficient quantity of Worms,
Oil of Earth- wafh »em ^ an£j Jeave »em jn c]ean
Worms, andus Warer fix Hours that th caft clZZi forth their Fikh i then put 'em in an
Earthen Pot, with fo much Oil Olive,
as may rife the breadth of two Fingers above them, the Pot remaining half empty. Cover the Pot, and lute thejundures with Clay, mixt with Hair or Saddle Stuffings ; then bury it in warm Hprfe Dung;
\ •■:.,:. • and
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier* 16$
and after it has flood there three Days and three
Nights, take it out; and as foon as 'tis cold, uncover
Jt, taking care to avoid the noifome Smell, and
ftrain out the Oil; with which you are to anoint
theHorfe's Legs every Day, for the Space of twelve
Days, efpecially the Sinews, having firft rubb'd
them into a Heat, with your Hand; and after the
Inunction, foment each Leg with a quarter of a
pint of Brandy, to make the Oil fink in. If the
Oil does not operate fufficiently, add to a pound
°f it, the Oils of C aft or, Foxes, Chamomil and Ltllies,
ef each an Ounce and an half; Ointment of Marfh-
tnallows and Populeum, of each two Ounces. Mix
the whole Compofition over the Fire , and with
Bees-Wax, make an Ointment ; of which, theBig-
nefs of a Walnut for each Leg, is to be us'd every
Day in the fame Manner as the Oil. The Oil does
lot make the Hair fall; but the Ointment does,
though it will grow again without leaving any
Mark.
To comfort and ftrengthen the
Sinews ; Take a Goofe moderately •& Remedy to fat; make her ready for the Spit -, ^jf? £ fluff her Belly with the Leaves of Mai- £'*'*" *ozvs, Sage, Rofemary, Thyme, Hsjfop, Lavender, Mugwort, and other convenient Herbs, with a large quantity of green Juniper-berries beaten. Then few up the Skin, and fet her in- to an Oven to bake in a glaz'd earthen Pan, that you may not lofe the Fat or Greafe: With which you muft anoint the Legs of a Tir'd Horfe, eve- ry Evening (for feven or eight Days,) and next Morning chafe them with Brandy above the Greafe. Above all, in Summer, let the Tir'd Horfe ftand
t\vo whole Hours every Day up to the Hams in a Stream of Water; and in the Month of May, make torn lie abroad in the Dew, or elfe lead him out to aMea-
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%66 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
a Meadow every Morning, and bathe and rub his
Legs with the Dew gather'd with a Sponge. To ftrengthen the Sinews , and refolve hard
Knots ; you may apply Spirit of Wine with a little Oil pf Wax. If a Swelling upon, the Legs be occa-
ToGurefwelld f ,d . fl. h A ;denJ. may
Courdy Legs. . ■> & > ■> '
take it away, by applying once every
Day, cold Lees of Wine, mixt with a fourth Part of Vinegar. If that does not anfwer, Take a Gallon of Lees of red Wine; boil thepi foftly over a cleAV Fire, flirring them perpetually till they begin to thicken ; then add fine Wheat Flower and Honey* pf each two Pounds; Black Soap, a Found. Boil and ftir, till the whole is reduc'd to the Confidence of a Charge ; to be applied every Day. For a hard Tumour upon the Legs,
^flrfsll °f l0n§ ftandinS : Take °f tbe Horfe'S
,■ own Urine (or, if that cannot be had-, of Cow's Urine, -which you may eafilj
have, by roufing them up In a Morning) a pint i flower of Brimftone, half an ounce ; Allum, a DranU Boil it away to half a pint j with which you muft phafe the Swelling hard every Morning and Even- ing, and wrap about the pare an old Rag, dipp'd in the fame. To refolve a Swelling in the Thigh
wcrs. t'"i'm-s (^Advent, before Chriftmas, te$
pounds of green Mallow Roots (at Or
ther times, take fix pounds of the dry Roots.) Beat fhem to a Mafh, and boil them gently with ten quarts of Water in a Kettle for two Hours; then pour in as much hot Water, as was boil'd away, adding three handfqls of Sage-leaves, and continue to boil an hour and an half, or two hours longer. Then take ofFtbe Kettle, and add two pounds of Hony, an". $ne pound of black Soap, incorporating all together: |
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 267
Let it cool till you can e'en endure to thruft the end
of your Finger into it; then add a quart of ftrong Brandy. Foment the fwelling with this Bath, every day, and afterwards chafe it with a handful of the Dregs of it; then walk the Horle half an hour. If by the heat and hardnefs of the part you perceive that it tends to Suppuration ; omit the Bath, and apply Bafilicum. In like manner you may refolve fwellings with
half a pint of Brandy, a pound of black Soap, and as rrwcfi Honey, mix'd cold, and rub'd upon *the part every day. For a hard fwelling occafion'd by To cure a hard
a blow : Beat the whites of fix Eggs, fivelling occa- with a large piece of Allum, for half ^ h * a quarter of an hour, till they be re- duc'd to a thick froth. Then add a glafs of true Spirit of Wine (Brandy being improper in this cafe.) Shake the Froth and Spirit till they incorporate; then mix the whole with half a pound of Honey, and Charge the Horfe's Legs three or four times, fcouring off the Charge with Water, in which Difhes have been wafh'd. If there be occafion, repeat the Charge; for 'tis an experienced Remedy, both for the fore and hinder Legs. To prevent the fwelling of the JgJ**
Legs that often enfues upon a Jong £^; ajm a galloping, or a great Journey ; as foon journey. as the Horfe is put into the Stable, Charge the parts with Cow's Dung, mix'd with Vine- gar; which will alio cure, as well as prevent. The following fimple Charge is of
very good ufe, not only for Blows a Remolade, and Stroaks with another Horfe's Foot, for a Blow. and Swellings of the fore and hinder ' Legs; but for all forts of fwellings, bruifes, and
hurts in any part of the Body. 'Tis this. 50w « pound of Wheat-flower with White-Wine, t° ™e r J Confiftwe
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2^8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Confluence of Gruel, and boil it over a gentle fret
fiirrir.g without intermiffon, till the whole be uni- ted. Then melt a pound of Burgundy Pitch m a Skillet; adding a pound and a half of Honey, and a pound of common Turpentine, to be mix'd with the Gruel moderately hot. After you have remov'd the Veilel from the Fire, add two pounds of Oriental Bole in powder; and make a Charge to be apply'd hot, and repeated till the fwelling be affuag'd. - To avoid the inconveniency of be-
Jyf»l?>2S.~ lnS deftituce of a Remedy, for want
of fome of the prefcrib'd Ingredients;
'twill not be improper to fubjoin another eafy Receipt for fwellings in the Legs, occafion'd by Blows, viz. Take ftrong Brandy, chafe the part with it hard, and then charge the whole Leg with common Honey. Renew the application once every day? for fix or feven days. Then wafh your Horle in a River or Pond, twice every day. Another eafy and effectual Remedy, is, Half n
pint of good Vinegar, mix'd with half a pound of Tal- hw-„ and an ounce of the flowers of Brimftone: Or? a mixture of common Bole, Honey, and Water ; for fmall Tumours. Sometimes upon an ill-cur'd Sinew-
fr'r!U/»'t~ fpra,n> tho> theLamenefs ceafes, yet b,t«Jle7-d the undiffolv'd humours, gather into &jateu>-sprain, very hard fwellings: In which cafe; Take of Linfeed-flower, and Bean-flower,
of each a large pint; of the ftrongefl Brandy, a pint and a half. Boil them over a fmall Fire to the confidence of Gruel, ftirring without interrnif- fion. Then add a pound of Honey. Boil and ftir, till the whole be incorporated. After which remove it from the Fire, and mix it with half a pound of Mule's, or Horfe's Greafe. Charge the part with this Compofition, having firft fhav'd it, and chafed if very hard with cold Spirit of Wine„ After the 2 Charging
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Part II. Perfeft Farrier. %fy
Charging, cover it with Flax, wrapping about it a
piece of Linnen Cloth to be few'd on, not ty'd -, for fewing is a more equal and painlefs Bandage, After two days, Take off' the dreffing, and bath the part with Spirit of Wine. After which, repeat the Application every day; and in five or fix times dreffing, the fwelling may be affuag'd with little Charge or Trouble. If the fwelling is fo inveterate and
hard, that 'twill not yield to any &*?*?*£ application^ (as it olten happens;) by"tht you muft give the Fire along the fwel- Remedks. ling, beginning at the Top, and drawing the lines or ftrokes downwards, at the diftartce of half a Finger's breadth from one another; or crofs ways, if you pleafe ; taking care not to pierce the Skirt, and above all, to draw a line on each fide of the Leg, between the Sinew and the Bone, defcending as far as the Pattern. If the ftroaks be only made of a Cherry-colour, there will be no occafion for Plaifters; but only to wafh the fear'd parts with Brandy and Honey, till the Scab falls oft, and to bath the Sores with Spirit of Wine, If there be any overgrowing Flefh, confume it WithAllum; or, if that fail, with powder of Cop- peras. If you give the Fire crofs-ways, round the hinder Leg, let the lines meet on the midft of the back Sinew •, but 'tis needlefs to draw the ftrokes over the Bone in the fore part of the Leg. The Fire ftmft be given in the wane of the Moon; and the Horfe muft reft 27 days, i. e. nine for the Aug- mentation, nine for the fettled ftate, and nine for the abatement enfuing upon the operation. |
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CHAP,
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%7o The Compleat Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. XIV.
Of Malenders, Selenders, Splents, Wind-Galls,
Farcy-Knots, and other Swellings. Malenders. 'THE Malenders are certain chop*
J- on the bending of the Knee* which void a red fharp biting Water. They are painful, and make the Horfe halt, or at leaft go ftiff at his firft going out of the Stable. They are eafily known by the flaring briflled Hairs about them, and are accompanied with a fort of Scab. The Selenders are chops of the
selenders. fame nature, on the bending of the Hoof. They are more unfrequent
than Malenders; and confequently more dangerous, as denoting a greater quantity of humours in the Hoof. For Cure of both : 'Tis improper to dry up the
Sore. We mull content our felves with qualifying the fharpnefs of the acid humour; by fcouring off the Corruption flicking on the Hair or Skin, with Black-Soap (which is an Alkali) and rubbing the Malenders with it; and then warning the part with Urine, or good Lye, or Oil of Nuts fhakpn with Water. But the fureft method of Cure, is to an- oint the Sores once a day, with a mixture of equal parts of Linfeed Oil and Brandy, fhak'd till jt grows white. Which is an excellent Medicine, and does at once both dry and allay the fharpnefs. If the Selenders caufe a hard fwelling, that hinders the motion of the Hoof, you may give the Fire with good fuccefs ; for the fituation of the part is inconvenient for the application of Remedies. |
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A Splent
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Part II. Pei-feti Parrier* ifi
A Splent is a callous, hard, and in-
fenfible fwelling on the Shank-bone ; spknes. Which fpoils the Ihape of the Leg, tyhen it grows big. The ordinary caufe of it, Is a hurt on the Shank-bone, that injures its fufrouridirig Skin or Periofteum •, fo that the humours repairing thither, gather into a fwelling. Sometimes 'tis oc- Cafion'd by over-riding, or over-working, when the: Horfe is young, and his Bones tender ; for the ftraining of the Bone makes it fubjeft to Defluxions Of humours, which flipping in between the Bone ^nd its Membrarie, rile gradually into a hard lump* that draws its nourifhment from the Bone, which I have feen full of holes like a Sieve in that part* NoW, to protect the weak Bone, nature makes 3 Callus-, which we call a Splerit. If the Splent be Jncreafed by Travelling, and afcend to the Knee j it makes the Horfe halt, and is more difficult to Cure. In ydung Hoffes a Splent may be eafily tur'd ; but in old ones, it can hardly be re'rnov'dj If it be only the natural misfhaping of the Borie; 'tis not to be cur'd, as being a blemifh rather thari 1 Difeafe. For the cure of Splents, violent Caufticks, which
Often fcale the Bone,- and dry up the Sinew, are very pernicious -, for tho' they take away the Splerit* they weaken the Leg extreamly. The A Remi^ fgf better way is to fhave off the Hair* tke splent. and beat or rub the fwelling with the handle of a Shoeing Hammer, till it be fof- ten'd ; then chafe the Splent with the juice that f^eats out of both ends of three or four Hazel-flicks* hurnt While the full Sap is in thefti, applying it as **ot as you can without burning: After which, rub 0f bruife the fwelling with one of the flicks; and: ^ntinue to apply the hot juice, and rub till it grows J°fti then apply a Linnen Cloth, five or fix times doubled, and dipt in the hot Hazel-juiee, fuffering iE
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272 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
It to remain four and twenfy hours. And at the
end of nine days, the Splent will be dhTolv'd, provi- ded you keep your Horfe conftantly in the Stable j and the Hair will grow again. If the Splent is only leflen'd, and not quite remov'd; repeat the opera- tion a Month after. The following Ointment is an effectual Remedy
for foften'd Splents, Wind-galls, and (even the greateft) Farcy-Knots. In May, and fometimes in April',
^ZZTfof berween ten a CIock in the Morning, wi»d-Galls anc^ two 'n t^ie Afternoon, you ma/ and Cords. find in Till'd or Corn-fields, in lo^ and fhady places, an Oily Beetle, Of Black May-Worm, call'd in Latin, Mail Avicula, of Scarabsus UnEluofm ; which has the refemblance of a Head, at the end of its true Head, and a fort of Wings faften'd to its Body, like two Targets, and covering all the fore-part of the Shoulders, tho' it does not fly. Its Back is Scaly, and its Tail very fat, and as it were weltred. It has fix feet, and creeps very flowly. There are fome of them very long, thick, and fat •, and the fmalleft are about an Inch long. 'Tis cold to the Touch, and if placed upon one's hand, commonly voids a very {linking Oil. Take 300 of thefe Beetles ; ftamp 'em with * pound of Oil of Bay. After it has flood three Months, melt it, and ftrain it thro' a linnen Cloth; throwing away the grofs fubftance, and preferving the reft, as a Sovereign Ointment for the ufes above-mention'd' It produces the EffecT: of a Retoire, by drawing otfc the Corruption, and raifing Blifters full of Red- Water, which are fucceeded by Scabs that dry of themfelves. After which, the Hair grows again- 'Tis applied cold, the Hair being firft fhav'd op very clofe; and a hot bar of Iron being held ne^f the part, while it is applied. It totally difllpat^8 a Wind-gall, in the fpace of nine days; only the fwelling
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 275
fwelling it occafions, muft be afliiag'd by applying
Brandy. Swellings fucceeding to old Sinew-Sprains, if they are not very hard, will be refolv'd by one or two applications of this Ointment; but the Ope?- ration of the firft mull be over, before you attempt a fecond. This Ointment performs its cure, in the ipace of nine days. For Splents foften'd after the ufual
manner, and prick'd; the following ^Jf^ff Ointment, apply'd to the thicknefs of splint?' ice. a French Penny, with a red hot Fire- Shovel held over it to make it fink in, will in twelve or fifteen days perform the Cure, without making the Hair fall off, or hurting the Sinew. About the end of April, and in May, you'll find exactly about the foot of the Stalk of the bulbous Crowfoot, having a root not unlike a Piftol-bullet, with which fome Meadows are almoft wholly cover'd; you'll find there a little black longifh Infect, not bigger than a fmall Bean, without Wings, but furnifh'd with Legs, and fo hard that you can hardly bruife it be- tween your Fingers: Mix three or four hundred of thefe with old Hog'sgreafe in a Pot; then cover the Pot very clofe, till they are quite dead, and ftamp 'em with the greafe to an Ointment, which will be More effectual the longer 'tis kept. This Ointment draws forth a red Water, which after nine days, turns to a Scurf or Scab, which will afterwards fall off. Before you apply either of th'efe
tWo Ointments, or any Retoires to a A Pubis to b* J}ard fwelling, you muft take care to flgW" 'often it, by applying the following *ultis. Take Roots of Littles, and Marjhmallows, °f each two Ounces; leaves of Mallows and Violets, yl each two bandfuh ; Dill, Wild-Marjoram, and y^d-Penny-Royal, or Corn-mint, of each a handful. *°U the Roots about an hour in a fufficient quantity T of
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i74 The Compleattiorfeman: or^
of Water, mixt with about three parts of Oil. Then
add the Herbs, and, after they are well boil'd, ftamp all together to a Mafh, and apply it warm to the part you intend to fofcen, the Hair being Ihav'd off. . , ,, Wind-Galls are foft, yielding and
s painlefs Tumours, much about the
bignefs of a fmall Nut, caus'd by thin and ferous humours; and feated on either fide of the Fetlock joint, on the Skin, between the Sinew and the Bone. For the Cure: The abovementioned Oint- ment of Beetles is preferable to all other Remedies; for whereas other Remedies only put away the fwel- ling for a time, this will wholly remove it, by ex- tirpating the Caufe. 'Tis true this Ointment occa- sions a large fwelling, efpecially if applied in too large a quantity; but that Symptom, together with the heat and pain that attends it, is eafily remov'd by warning the part with warm Wine, mix'd with a little Butter. For all cold Swellings (whether if
'pSrtrall Horfes or' Men) the following Plai' selling?/ fter is of general ufe; efpecially fot Water Farcies, and fwellings on the Paftern-joint, which lies at a great diftance frort1 the Center of natural heat. Tah green Wall-nuts ■> fo fmall, that when they are cut, they are equally fefi: Beat 'em to a Mafh in a marble Mortar^ and pa's !em thro' a Sieve with the bottom turn'd up, beat' ing that which remains, till the whole pafies through the Sieve-. Put two pound of this Pulp into a gl$z , Earthen Pot, with a pound of Salt well drfd, arf a pound and a half of common 'Turpentine. Set the mixture in a Cellar, to ferment fifteen days; then evaporate the moifture over a gentle Fire, ftirrifla all the while, till it be reduced to the confidence ot a Plaifter, which cannot be done without fome d»' "Acuity; and preferve it for ufe, in a Pot cloie cover'd. When |
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 275-
When the Paftern-joint fwells after
•Travelling, chafe it every Morning a Remedy for and Evening, with a mixture of two SvjeU'd ™d parts of Brandy, and one of Oil of ££** Pa' Nuts, well fhaken together. If the *W iwelhng be large, apply the red Honey Charge, With a convenient Bath. If it ftill continues, apply the Remedy compos'd of Whites of Eggs, Spirit of Wine, and Hony; prefcrib'd for Blows, Chap. XIII. u the fwelling be hard, apply a PultisofRue, boil'd 'n thick Wine. If the joints are gourded for want ot Exercife; bathe 'em very hard with a Lye made f T£ paftS °f Afhes of Vine-twigs, and one third
or Afhes of Tartar. Sometimes there arifes a fwel- «ng on the Bone of the Paftern-joint, a little towards one fide, about half the bignefs of a Pigeon's Egg; Jvhich grows bigger, if neglected, but is not very hard, nor does it make the Horfe halt. In this cafe 'tis proper to apply a Refolving Plaifter of ^um Ammoniack, diffolv'd in Vinegar, and boil'd to a due confiftency. |
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CHAP. XV.
Of an Attaint or Over-reach.
AN Attaint proceeds, either from a Blow with
another Horfe's Foot, that takes off the piece Jbove the Coronet, or from an Over-reach, in frofty father, when a Horfe being rough-mod, or having |
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a
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hoes with long Caulks, ftrikes his hinder Feet
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"ainft his Fore-Leg. 'Tis known by the Wound,
9 efflux of Blood, and the halting of the Horfe. For the Cure : Wafh away the Filth with Vinegar ^o Salt, and cut off what pieces of loofe Flelh ete are. Then apply, and tye faft to the part, a T 2 hot
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2 76 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
hot Egg, boiled hard, eut through the middle, and
fprinkled with Pepper. If the Horfe be not cur'd, repeat the Application the next day. In an Over- reach, in frofty weather, you muft immediately wafh the- Wound with warm Vinegar, then fill it with Pepper, and lay over it a Reftringent Charge, of Chimney-foot, Vinegar, and Whites of Eggs* ■ or (which is better) of Lime temper'd with Wa- ter ; repeating the fame the next day. For an Over- reach by the Caulk of Shoes, fill the Hole with Gun-powder, beaten and temper'd with Spittle '■> then fet Fire to it; and repeat the fame the next day, taking care to keep the Foot and Wound frofi1 moifture and warning the Sore from time to time •with Brandy. If thefe do not fucceed, fill the Hols with Cotton, dip'd in Emplaftrum Divinum, melt- ed with Oil of Rofes in a Spoon •, laying a Plaj* fter of the fame over it, and dreffing it after this manner every day. If notwithstanding the ufe of thefe Remedies, the
Horfe continues to halt, and the Hole is deep, with the part above the Attaint fwollen, the Hoof ihrunk' and the Foot contracted beneath ; you muft try wit^ your Probe, if the Hole reaches to the Tendon; an^ if it does you muft give the Fire. If a neglected A£* taint comes to reach the Hoof, after one or two AK plications of the Honey Charge, you muft proceed to give the Fire, and drefs it as a Quitter-bone. 'TlS to be obfcrv'd that the Sore muft be always c°' ver'd with Remedies, for 'twill never heal,, fo lonS as the Horfe licks it. If the bottom of the H°^ be foul, though it does not reach the Griftle, y°° muft wafh it ^ften with warm Wine, and fiU tb6 Hole with Sctyntfi Ointment. |
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chap-
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Part II, PerfeB Farrier. tyy
CHAP. XVI.
Of the Scratches.
TO cure the Scratches in Horfes, which refemble
the Corns in Mens Feet, you muft rub the fwoll'en Leg daily with the Duke's Ointment; and afterwards bring forth the Corruption, or rotten Bit of Fle/h, with the following Remedy. Take frejb Butter, and Oil Olive, of each four-
Ounces ; beat 'em with half a pint of common Water, and thicken 'em with two Ounces of Linfeed Flower, Then boil, as if you were going to make Gruel, adding (a little before you take the SkeJlet from the Fire) two Ounces of Pigeon's Dung in powder; and charge the Sore warm, having firft clip'd off the Hair with Suffers. If that does not anfwer Ex- pectation, Take Leaves of Coltsfoot, long Sorrel and Mallows,
°f each a handful; bake 'em under the Embers; then beat and incorporate 'em with fait Butter. And ap- Ply it hot. If this likewife fail, Take four Lilly Roots, bak'd under the AJhes j
°eat 'em up with three Ounces of Hen'-s Greafe; two %nces cf Linfeed Oil; the Talks of two hard Eggs. ^corporate all together in a Mortar, applying fome °f it to the Scratches with Flax, and laying a cover °ver it. '/ If the Sinew of the Leg be fwollen, keep it d-
^ys charg'd •, and as fooh as the corrupt Flefh is c°me forth, wafh the fwollen Leg with warm Wine jjjd Butter, and fill the Hole with a Tent of fine **aX, moiften'd with Bafilicum, to ripen the reft of r*e rotten Flefh ; or with Mgyptiaeum, if the Flefh ?e foul and frothy. |
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T' % iWhca
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27 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
When,theFlefh appears fair and clean, apply the
Juice of greater Celandine, binding on Charcoal- dull, or fears'd Afhes, or burnt Copperas, which dries raoft powerfully. Some ufe only to warn the Sore with Brandy or Urine, and ftrew it with burnt Oyfter-fhells, or old Boat-Ropes, dried and beaten to powder. If the Wound, occafion'd by the coming forth of
the rotten Flefh, be very large, cleanfe it with the Mundincative of Smallage ; and then dry it with the Ointment made of Honey, Verdigreafe, Spirit of Wine, and Flower. |
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G H A P. XVII.
Of the Ring-bone.
TH E Ring-bone is a hard callous Swelling, grow-
ing on one of theTendons,between the Coronet and Paftern-joint •, and flicking very fafl to the Pa- Itern. When you handle it, the Horfe does not complain much. When 'tis near the Coronet, its preffing Bulk intercepting the Nourifhment, makes the Foot fhrink, and the Hoof wither; and at la# makes the Horfe lame; fo that its defcending lower tipon the Coronet, is a Sign of Danger. Though 'tis fovnetimes Hereditary; the ufual Caufe is a Strain? occafion'd by Curvetting, boundingTurns, and Ra- ces. Sometimes indeed backing a young Horfe, be- fore his joints are well knit, will give Rife to it- K it be not taken care of betimes, it caufes incurable Lamenefs, Sometimes it appears at firfl no bigger than a Bean ; but afterwards rifes to half the Bignefs of a fmall Apple, appearing on both Sides the P*" itern, with a little rifing between them. |
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The
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 279
The Method of Cure is as follows: Take out the
Sole ■, clip off the Hair very clofe; and apply to the Ring-bone, Oil of Bay with Flax, a Cover and Bandage. Two Days after, feparate the Scurfs rais'd by the Oil, and renew the Application with the fame Flax. When you take out the Sole, you muft cleave the Frufti; and when the dreffing is fitted to the Sole with Splents, you muft thruft Rowlers into the Cleft to keep it open, and one Bandage will ferve both for the Ring-bone and Frufti.' When Ring-bones are increas'd to any confider-
able Bignefs, the moft ufual and certain Remedy is Fire; for which end you muff firft take out the Sole; and fix Days after, when you remove the fecond ■Dreffing, make Incifions with your Fleam, begin- ning above, and reaching downwards, about a Fin- ger's breadth diftance from each other ; cutting the Skin to the Callus, that caufes the Ring-bone, thro* the whole extent of the Swelling, but without hurt- tog the Coronet. Since thefe Incifions are ufually/ attended with a great Flux of Blood, apply hoc Turpentine with Flax and a Bandage, letting it re? *&ain untouch'd 48 Hours; after which remove the £)reffing, and with a red hot, but not blazing Knife, burn the whole Callus, very dexteroufly, without Preffing too hard upon the part; taking care to pe- netrate the whole Tumour thro' the Incifion, for if any part of its Subftance be left, your Labour is loft. After that, apply a Mixture of Turpentine, Tar and *ioney, or an Ointment made of Hog's Lard and ^erdigreafe, laying Flax over it, and wrapping it a- bout with a Cloth, till the Scabs fall off. Then drefs '•be Sores with Schmit's Ointment, or JEgyptiacum, or lbe Ointment Apoftolorum, till the matter gives over fining-, after which, the Farriers ufually wafh the k°res with the fecortd Water, and then apply drying Powders. In the mean time the Sores ought always to be kept cover'd, both to prevent the Growth of T 4 proud
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280 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
proud Flefh, and to hinder the Horfe from reach-
ing it with his Teeth. Bdides, the Bandage muft not be tied too hard, for fear of caufing ;n excef- five Tumour. The beft Way is t , . c-new the dreffing every Day, or at leaft every two Days. |
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CHAP. XVIII.
Of Vices of the Feet and Hoofs; particularly
of Surbated Feet: And of Pricks made with Stubs or Nails in Shoeing, or in the Streets. TH E Hoofs of fome Horfes are fo hard and
brittle, that they are apt to break near the Holes made by the Nails of their Shoes; in which cafe the beft way, is, to shoe fuch Horfes after the full Moon, and never durir.g the Increafe ; and then to anoint their Feet every Day with the following Ointment; taking care that the Foot be dry, and clean'd from Duft and Dirt. Take frefl: outer? and Sheep's Suet,
for the Hoof*1 me^ted, and freed f: om its Membranes, of each a found ; white Wax cut into fmall Pieces, and common Turpentine, of each four Ounces; Oil Olive, fix Ounces. Put 'em all together into a Bafon, and melt'em. Then add 1 >;r;t of the Juice of Plantane ; and as foon as the; b< gin to boil, remove the Veffel from the Fire. Then fet it on again; and cpntinue to remove and fet it on again, after the fame manner, for the Space of eight or ten Hours, till the Juice be wholly confum'd without boiling. Then remove the Veffel from the Fire, and as foon as the Matter begins to thicken, ^dd an Ounce of powder of Olibanum, ftirring with- out Intermiffion, till it be quite cold. This Oinc- rnent will make the Hoof grow without heating iti
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 281
1 \ for the Juice of Plantane tempers the other In-
gredients and fince it does not boil, has time to ^°mmunicate its cooling virtue before it is confum'd. Tis chiefly proper when the Hoof is as hard as Glafs, 0 that an Ointment glides along without piercing it. In Winter you may make an effectual and cheap
Remedy of Honey, Tar and Tallow, mix'd cold, '1 equal quantities. To make the Hoof grow, and ren-
der it foft and tough, the following Conneftafalei 0D • ,iT, , ° Ointment. intment is an expenenc a Remedy.
fake new Wax, Goat's Greafe, ( or for want of that,
frejh Sheep's Suet) and the Fat of Bacon, cut into fmall pieces, and Jleep'd in Water 24. Hours, till it grow frefh, the Water being chang'd every three or four Hours; of each a pound ; melt them together, and then add a [urge handful of the fecond Bark of Elder; and, if it be 'ft the Spring, two handfuls of Elderbuds, when they Ure about the bignefs of your Thumb. Boil 'em over a gentle Fire for the fpace of a quarter of an hour, Hir- ing them from time to time. Then fqueeze the mat- ter through a coarfe Cloth, and put the ftraining in the fame Bafon or Pot, with two Ounces of Oil Olive, four Ounces of Turpentine, and the like quantity of Ho- ney: After which remove the Veffel from the Fire* ^ftd ftir the Ointment till it be quite cold ; then an- oint the Hoof once a Day, for the breadth of ah Wh round the Hair ; or if the Hoof be much worn, spread the Ointment on Flax, and wrap it carefully ^bout the Hoof, renewing the Application twice a Week, but ftill continuing the fame Flax. A Horfe's Foot is faid to be Sur-
Wd, when the Sole is worn, bruis'd %*"ri*,lA °r fpoil'd, by travelling without Shoes, °r in hot fandy Ground, or with a Shoe that hurts ^e Sole. When want of Shoes occafions it, you ^uft cleanfe the Sole with your Buttrefs ; and ha,. ^ing tack'd on the Shoe with your Nails, pour boil-
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282 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
boiling Pitch or Tar into the Foot, charging it af-
ter it is cold, with a pound of old Hog's Lara» melted in a Skellet, to which is added, a pint o Vinegar, and a fufficient quantity of Bran to thicken the Compofition. If the Shoe bear harder upon one part of theFoo »
than the reft, pare the whole Foot a little, efpeC' ally the bruis'd part; and where it appears red an bruis'd, thruft your Buttrefs deeper in, paring t" Sole almoft to the Quick. Then apply the Oint* ment for Pricks, and tack on the Shoe with i°^ Nails; renewing the Application till the Hot'e ceafes to halt. Then flop his Foot with a Remolade> binding it on carefully. If the Foot be heated, by riding in hot and fan"
dy Ground, take off the Shoe, pick the Foot well J then flop it with melted Tar, and anoint it with the Ointment for the Hoof. In general, nothing is more conducive to, furba-'
ted Feet, than Tar melted into the Foot; or, Vine' gar boil'd with Soot, to theThicknefs of Broth, and put into the Foot boiling hot, with Hurds over it* and Splents to keep it in. If all thefe Remedies prove ineffectual, you muft at laft take out the Sole, for which end, the ufe of the fame Remedie5 is very ferviceable, becaufe they moiften and foften the Foot, and fo prepare the Sole for being taken out with lefs Difficulty and Pain. f p ■ k • A Prick with a Nail in Shoeing, of
the Foot! tW *n tne Street, does fometimes fefter*
and put the Horfe in danger of lofing his Foot. To prevent fuch Confequences ; when a Farrier perceives in fhoeing a Horfe, that he com- plains, or fhrinks at every Blow upon the Nail, it muft be immediately pull'd out; for tho' Blood follows, he may be ridden immediately without halting. If he halts prefently after he is fhod, 'tis. aSign that fcune Nail either preffes the Vein, of touches
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"art II. PerfeB Farrier. 283
|.°Uches him in the quick; which is found out, by
'"ting up the found Foot, and knocking gently upon ^e top of the Clenches of the lame Foot, with a 'hoeing Hammer •, for he will fhrink when you touch that Nail that pricks him. The ufual place °f pricking is at the heel in the fore-foot, and at j^e toe in the hinder Foot. You muft pull off the hoe, preffing round the Foot with the Pincers, and Hen you come to the place that is prick'd, he tyll fhrink extreamly. When you draw out the puis, obferve if they are bow'd, for then they ^ve prefs'd the Vein ; or if there are any Flakes, for thefe may either prefs the Vein or the Flefh ; j^d if they remain in the Foot, the cure will never "e performed ; or if the hole iffues Blood or Matter, for then you muft fearch it with your Renette, ^aching to the end of it, where the Nail was ri- vetted on the Hoof, and if you find it does not reach to the quick, try with a Nail pointed to that fide of the hole where the Vein lies, whether the j^orfe complains. If he does, proceed to the Cure. *f upon fearching the hole, he does not at all com- plain, he is not prick'd in that place. Some nar- r°w heel'd Horfes, efpecially Englijh Horfes, are ?Ways lame when they are new fhod, the Nails be- lr>g rivetted too high •, but reft will cure that lame- ^efs. Oftentimes in flefhy Feet, a bow'd Nail will ^ake a Horfe halt, tho' he be not prick'd ; and in *'tn.e will caufe a Sore that muft be cur'd as a prick. For a Cure: If the place be impofturnated, af- ter the evacuation of the Matter, inject boiling Oil ^ith a little Sugar, and flop the whole with Cotton; tiien tack on the fhoe with three or four Nails, and ^op the Foot every day with a Remolade; applying ^ the fame time a Reftringent Charge, about the foot, and keeping it from moifture. , If the place is not impofturnated, pour into the ^°le Spirit of Vitriol, and flop it with Cotton; and 3 fo |
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3,84 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
fet on the fhoe: If he grows lame again, take on
the ihoe, and drefs his Foot with Spirit of Vitrio1 as before. In general; for a prick with a NaU»
A RemeJy fir after haye open>d the Sore inje«
a Prick with a J , , ,7r, TI7 „«M;
p*(l every day the Vulnerary Water coi">
or for want of that, drefs with tne
Ointment Pompholygos; flopping the hole with Cot* tan. If neither of thefe Medicines can be had* pour info the hole very hot Vinegar, in whic^1 beaten Milfoil (or Savin, Vervain, Birthwort' Speedwell, Agrimony, Zedoary, Adders-Tongue' £gVj has been boil'd, and lay the boil'd Herbs upoIi it; repeating the Application till it be heal'd. Sometimes a lamenefs is occafion'd by a bruife &
thefrufh, the heels being fo low that the Horfe knocks them againft the ground as he goes. 'Tis known b/ the trembling of the Frqfh when you touch \U and the perceiving of matter form'd underneath' In this cafe, the Sore mult be drefs'd like a Wound made by a Nail, the Remedies being made to pen^' trate thro' the Heel, between the Frufh and the bone of the Foot; and proper Aftringents ofLimc» .arid, the fecond Water, or of Soot, Vinegar, an" Whites of Eggs, being applied about the Frqfh, The rnoft effectual Remedy for a prick in a
Horfe's Foot, are the Vulnerary Water, the Oint- ment Potppholygos (which is known to cure hurts if the Feet of Oxen, receiv'd at the Plough) and above all the Oil de Merville, viz. o:idiMcrvilh, folie the Oils of Turpentine, and of St. Johnfmort, of each four Ounces; true Oil of Peter, two Ounces. Mix 'em in a gW* %ot' tie over hot Embers, adding the weight of a Golden. Crotvn of Alkanet, hung in the Battle by a thread* After it has flood a quarter of an hour on the AJhe^ take oijt the Alkanet, and preferve the Oil for nfe.. Ij you thicken it with Wax, its penetrating virtue vvili
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"art II. PerfeB Farrier. 18 j
Pe impair'd. 'Tis to be injected warm every clay,
j^to the open'd Sore, the hole being afterwards Itop'd with Cotton to keep it open; and coVer'd ^h Flax and Spients. GHAP. XIX.
P/* Scab'd Heels or Frufh; and of the Crown*
fcab and Mange. |
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Ometimes an Itching and eating Scab waftes the
Frufh, and makes a Horfe halt; and though |
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'tis not dangerous, it is troubleforhe and pairifuh
Tis difcover'd by its (linking of old rotten Cheefe^ ^hen one comes into the Stable; and by the Horfe's beating the ground with his Feet, by reafon of the Itching. For the Curd: Pare the Frufh very
clofe with a Buttrefs; then quench un- sclb^/iieels flack'd Lime in Vinegar-, and throw the ftrain'd liquor boiling hot upon the Frufh ; after Wiich, apply a Reftringent Charge of unflack'd Lirne'$ and the fecond Water; or the black Reftringent of Soot, Vinegar, and Whites of Eggs. The Counter's Ointment j with dreffing kept on with Spients, will Ijkewife perform the Cure in three or four Applica- tions. If it returns after, cleanfing the Sores, bleed- Jng frequently in the Toe, and applying Neatherd's Ointment, will ferve for a Palliative Remedy; tho5* lhe internal caufe can hardly be remov'd. For Prefervation, pare the Frufh
often, and rub the place once or twice A Vrf"^ ^ith the Second Water; and after the Tdb-dmeL Scabs are by this means dry'd up,- ^ake of Allum and white Vitriol of each a found and a half: Boil them in a Gallon of Water, till it be reduced to two quarts; and bath the part every day ^ith it cold; and above all, when the Itching is; gong
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2 8 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
gone, melt Tar or black Pitch upon the Scabs,
and keep- the Feet well pick'd, and free from dui and dirt. 1tf The Crown-Scab is a white meary
fceabCrovin~ Scurf' caus'd bya burnt yellowifhfanth
malignant matter, that breaking f°r
at the Roots of the Hair, makes it brittle and ftare> on the Coronet, and oftentimes all over the Pafieh:q to the Joint •, the part being much fwell'd. ^n' Scurf is the fubtile exhalations of the HumourS' harden'd into a Salt flicking to the Skin. The^ are two forts of Crown-Scabs. Some are quite dry > others void a ftinking matter, that imparts ]t ftrength and moifture to the adjacent parts •, and M its acrimony, while it is in the Coronet, cracks and fplits the Hoof which receives its nourifhment fr01? the Coronet. Commonly this fcurfy Humour is nel' ther painful, nor an obftacle to Travelling •, efpe' cially in dry Climates, where it dries up in Summer of it felf: But fometimes, 'tis extreamly hot, fharP and troublefome, and over-runs the whole Leg' almoft to the Knee and Hoof. For the Cure : Take two Ounces of good Braftl rf0'
lacco, cut finally or purg'd of the Stalks. Infufe <' twelve hours, in half a pint of ftrong fpirit of Wine'' Jlirring them every hour, to promote the better eW traftion of the TinSiure. Rub the Scab very hard* once every day, with an handful of this Tobacco* the part being firft chafed without taking off the Skin. This, and all other dying Remedies, are only Palliative -, for oftentimes the Scab breaks forth,'after a feeming Cure: In- which cafe, yoU muft rub the part with a wifp of Hay, till it grows hot; without taking off the Skin, or drawing Blood ; and then touch it gently, once or at moft twice, with Cotton dip'd in the Spirit of Vitriol i or e!fe drefs the Sores with Neatheard's Ointment. However you muft be very cautious of applying too much
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"art H. PerfeB Farrier. 287
j^uch or too ftrong, Spirit of Vitriol, at firft; for
Was once deceiv'd with Spirit of Vitriol highly
Rifled; which being apply'd in too large a quanti-
y» in a moift Crown-lcab, made the whole Leg and
'new fweil, with fuch a violent pain that the
j*orfecould notftand upright: Upon which occafion Was forc'd to affuage the pain of the Leg and Si-
new with the red Honey Charge; and mitigate the >lent pain in the fcabby place, occafion'd by the spirit, by applying to it the white Honey Charge : And though, after two Months keeping in the Sra- 'e, the Horfe was cur'd of the Green-fcab, yet a
§reat Scar remain'd, which was never afterwards cpver'd with Hair. I am of the opinion, that Spi- xyt of Salt being a more potent cleanfer, is pre- ferable to the Spirit of Vitriol, in a Crown-fcab, tho' Either the one nor the other are infallible, in in- veterate cafes. Sometimes indeed it may be cur'd, ■ty bathing with Spirit of Wine, impregnated with 5s much Sal Armoniack, as it will diffolve. Oftentimes old Horfes, and even
y°ung ones, upon reft, after hard la- of the Mange. "our, are troubled with fuch a per- petual Itching or Mange in their Legs, and other Parts, that they rub off the Hair. For Cure : Infufe two Ounces of Euphorbium, re-
cced to fine powder, in a quart of ftrong Vinegar: •^fter it has flood in hot Embers fix hours, rub the yorfe's Legs with a wifp, and chafe them with the ineaar once or twice. After that, bleed him in.
?he Eye-Veins, if the Fore-Legs are affeifted, and J1) the Plait Thigh Vein, for a Mange upon the ^'ider Legs. If you wafh the mangie parts with the Infufion
°f two handfuls of Stavefacre feed, in a quart of Mrong Vinegar, and hot Afhes ; they will be cur'd at '■Wice bathing. Or you may rub the parts once or ^»ce at moft (for fear of Ulcerating) will a large
handful
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a 8 8 7 he Compleat Horfeman '• or,
handful of Loufewort, or Baftard Hellebore; wh1^
is a Plant-with long notched leaves, made uie 0 the Countrey, to deftroy Lice in Cattle. For a certain cure of the Mange: T^e & , r
Copperas, and burnt Allum, of each four Ounces-, J mart, two handfuh. Boil them in two quarts °' /% gar, to the Confumption of one half; and W the Horfe's Legs with the liquor, having firft rU , them with a wifp •, remembring ftill, that \ cure of this Diftemper mull always begin wic Bleeding •, and in the mean time the Horfe may D either Ridden or Wrought. For the Cure of an Univerfal Mange, or a MaflgL
upon the Legs only -, and likewile for a peeling ° of the Skin and Hair, upon the bending of $ Thigh, occafion'd by an excefs of heat: Boil f°ut Ounces of the Scorite of Liver of Antimony in poind"' in two quarts of ftrong Vinegar. With which rtf the parts every day, till the hair returns. At tfl fame time the Horfe's body muft be cool'd, wi^ repeated Dofes of the Liver of Antimony, or ° Sal Prunella:. |
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CHAP. XX.
Of the Hoof-bound ; or of wajled and JhruW
Feet,
OF- mimes the conveyance of nourifhment t°
the Feet, is interrupted by diforders in the Legs and djacent parts -, infomuch that the Feet dwindle, e Horfe halts, and the Hoof found* hollow if . u knock on it. For Cui : Rafe the whole Foot with a red hoc
Knife, making large rafes of the depth of a Silvef Crown, from the hair to the fhoe, avoiding the Coronet
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 289
*-ronet. Then apply the following Pultis, and
charge the whole Foot with the following Remo- lade. Take two parts of Sheep's Dung ; and
^e part of Hen's Dung; boil them with f^oofloLd. a fufficient quantity of Water and Salt, to the thicknefs of Pafte. In another Pot, boil a convenient quantity of Mallows to a Ma/h; then add a convenient quantity of Linfeed in Powder, and boil a little longer; after which, beat 'em in a Mortar, "tilth an eighth part of a raw Garlick, to a foft Pafte. Incorporate this with the former Pafte; adding a little Oil of Lillies. Make a Pultis, to be ap- plied to the Foot very hot, it being cover'd with Splents. Renew the application five or fix times, °nce in two days, obferving always to heat the old AJultis ; and only mix a little frefh with it. Take half a pound of Burgundy Pitch;
four Ounces of common Turpentine; two -j Remola^e Ounces of Oil Olive; and thicken the ^^ "tihole with a fufficient quantity of fine Flower. Charge the whole Foot with this Re- fnolade, lukewarm, after the application of the Pultis. Oftentimes one of the quarters of the Hoof is
ftirunk, and dry'd up, while all the nourifhment foils upon the other -, efpecially near the Heels of the Fore-feet, and the infide of the Hoof; which *$ the weakeft part; and the Horfe-halts down-right, the bone of the Foot being cramp'd and prefs'd by the fhrunk quarter. In this cafe, draw feven or e'ght lines with a hot Iron upon the fhrunk quarter, from the Cronet to the Shoe, (in order to penetrate and unbend the Hoof, that fo the Bone may return to its due place,) without touching the Hair; and then apply the Pultis and Remolade as above. If this method proves ineffectual, you muft take out the Sole, and cleave the Frufh in the middle with a U Fleam,
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zgo The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Fleam, piercing to the Pafterflj and fill the cleft?
(not the Foot) with a great number of Bolfters, befmear'd' with a mixture of equal parts of Tar, Hony and Turpentine, boil'd together; the Foot being firft drefs'd, and Splents laid on. |
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CHAP. XXL
Of all forts of Wounds and Hurts*
SOme Wounds are fo flight, that the cure confift*
only in keeping them clean; and others are f° painful, that unlets they be taken care of, they prove fatal. Wounds in the Flefh are more eafity cur'd, than thofe in the Sinews, Tendons or Bones1 Thofe upon a Joint, are feldom or never cur'd. I11 hot weather, Wounds are apt to gangrene and mof* tify, through the corruption bred by Flies and other Infects; in cold weather they are long a clofing; If a Horfe be fhot through the Body with a Mui" ket Bullet, the charge of the Cure is extreamty great, and the Event always uncertain. In orde1" to obtain a regular method of curing Wounds; lec the following Rules be obferv'd. i., Since Horfe's flefh is very apt £°
?%&£*. corrupt upon the leaftcontufionj and fince the lealt corruption retards tn«j Cure ; let the Wound be prob'd very gently, and as feldom as poffibl e, with Probes of Juniper, ot fome Aromatick-wood, well dry'd. Indeed Silver Probes are beft for duep Wounds; and thofe of Lead may be us'd inftead of Strings in Setons, for Lead never heats the pare 2. Let the Proud-flefh, to which the Wounds
of Horfes are very lubjecT:, be kept down with Bandages i
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*«rt II. Perfect Farrier. 291
Adages-, or, if that be impra&icable, let it be
°nfumed^ or which is beft of all, let it be cut off, r burnt throughly; taking care not to cut a Sl- ew or Tendon, and being cautious in Wounds near 3 fione. 3- In all great Wounds, let the humors be cool'd,
J1^ diverted from the wounded Part, by bleeding -, m lch feafonably adminiftred, exceeds all other Re- plies. It ought to be repeated two or three times } ^e beginning, but not oftner. If the Horfe is •}■> you muft abridge the quantity of his Proven- p1"; efpecially if the Wound be large, for then a •ltc'e moiften'd Bran, without either Oats or Hay, s Efficient. , 4- Never wafh the Wound with pure Water, for
"at promotes the moifture of the flefh, which re-
ards the Cure. Upon occafion, you may wafh it
warm Wine or Urine, or the Water of a Smith's
0rge, lukewarm-, and after the Wound iscleans'd,
the fecond Water, in order to allay the itching
lnd heat, and to dry the flefh.
• 5- Let not the Horfe lick the Wound, or rub
wagainft any hard thing. The former poifons the
^ound •, and the latter bruifes the flefh, which
Nft be feparated before the Wound can be
lieal'd.
,6. Indeavour by all means to repel, or diffblve
j\e Humors, efpecially in parts full of Sinews and ^'gaments, or near the Bones-, becaufe the matter derated, weakens the part, leaves a deformity, >M if near the Bone, corrupts it. The Repelling /j^edies are otherwife call'd Reftringents, becaufe ,^y bind up the humors from flowing into the part. ^ '$ true, Reftringents are not proper in Critical l'ttiors, proceeding from an effort of nature to r?fe a nobler part, or in the Bitings of Venemous t-^atures, or when the matter is thick, tough and ^ But even in fuch cafes, 'twill be proper to U 2 apply
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2 9 2- The Compleat Horfeman: or^
apply fuch Remedies as attenuate and diflfolve the
humors, before we proceed to Suppuration. 7. In Wounds accompany'd with a great ConW-
fion, the bruis'd iiefh muft putrify, and its Sepa- ration muft be haften'd with Inftruments, which 1 prefer to Caufticks. 8. Round or circular Wounds ought to be cut in-
to a long figure, to facilitate the Cure. 9. Cover the Wound carefully from the Air, wit'"1
Lamb's Skin-, and where that cannot be conveni- ently applied, with Tow, which muft be cut and beaten, that it may ftick the fafter. 10. As foon as you attempt the Cure of a Wound?
fhave the Hair very clofe, about two fingers breadth round the place, and keep it always neat, clean? and Hippie, that the Skin may be eafily ftretch'd to join the Lips of the Wound. If the Lips are cal' Jous, you muft confume the callous, with the goldefl Ointment mix'd with unwafh'd Butter of Antimon)'- Or, if that proves ineffectual, lance and gaih thefrt with a Fleam or red hot Knife 5 which will haftefl the forming of a Cicatrice. A Saddle-Gall of no considerable
A saddle-Gall, depth, is cur'd by warning, with Urine or warm Wine •, and Sometimes, when
the Wound is large, with the fecond Water-, and ftrewing the Wound with the powder of an old Rope or Flax; and confuming the proud flefh with Col' cothar of Vitriol. Sometimes a Saddle-Gall degene-
A sitfaft. rates into a hard knot, call'd a Sicfaft '■ For an eafy and fpeedy cure of this >
let the melted Tallow of a lighted Candle drop upon the Knob, and after 'tis Separated, warn the Sore with warm Wine, and the fecond Water, or Urine. Then anoint it Slightly with old Salt Butter, ftrewing upon it the powder of old Ropes. Often- times a neglected Sitfaft, turns to an incurable Can-
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 293
Gangrene. Upon which account we ought to haften
the Cure. For which end, the fureft way is to rub it With the Ointment of Beetles, or fome good Retoir, holding a hot Bar of Iron near the part, as foon as the Ointment is laid on ; and renewing the Applica- tion thrice in three fucceffive Days ; or to rub it with a Cauftick Ointment once. If the Wound be large, open and
deep, as it often happens in the Thighs, f spon?e'? W. 1 rJ3 - rrn , „ j ° , keep Wound*
ithers, &c. it mult be tented with 0Jn
a Tent of falted Hog's lard. But if it
be neceffary to keep the Wound open, inftead of Incifions, which are always pernicious, efpecially in •Places full of Sinews and Tendons , or over-run With Blood ; »PPty tne following Sponge, which Will keep it open, and difcover the bottom. Take a fine Sponge, wafh'd clean, ty'd about very
hard with Pack-thread, and wrapt in wet Paper; Let it dry a quarter of an hour, or longer, in a hol- low Place in the midft of the Hearth, covering it with hot Afties, and live Coals over the Ames, Then take it out, and when 'tis cold, untie it, and cut it iqto what Form you pleafe, to be befmear'd With a Digeftive Ointment, and thruft in to the bot- tom of the WTound. The next Day draw it out with your Pincers, and you will find it fwollen, and ^e hole enlarg'd, without hurting the Sinews or Tendons. If the Wound be fo foul, or full of dead ■^lefh, that the Sponge is not fufficient to open it, (provided it be not under the Foot) foak a very foe Sponge in a mixture of two Ounces of pounded ?ublimate,and half an Ounce of meltedWax ; then lay lc in a Prefs 48 hours, and after that make Tents ^ it, which will open the Wound, and at the fame t,ftie operate as Caufticks. Ifyoudefire it ftronger, 5-5. in the cafe of Qukterbones; add an Ounce of ^'fenick, in fine powder, to the above-mention'd fixture, But in Sores under the Foot, thefe Cau- V 3 ftick
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294 The Cornpleat Horfeman: or,
ftick Sponges are improper, becaufe they drive the
humours upwards to the Cronet; fo that in fuch Cafes you muft prepare the Sponge only with melted Wax, and then make Tents of it, which will fwell and keep down the Proud Flefh, if the part be care- fully bound up with Splents. To promote the Succefs of external
TnwZl Remedies; 'twill be proper to add in- for Wounds. ,»«•,•• tT r ■ 1 vli
wardMedicines, noti urgatives, wnic"
loofen the Humours, and occafion Derluxions upon the part; but fuch as purify the Blood, and refi^ Corruption. For which end, the following Pil's are of Angular Ufe. 'Take the fineft and clear eft Affa fcetida , Baybef
ries of Provence or Italy , and Cinnabar , all in fiff
powder, of each a pound: With a fujficient quanta
ty of ftrong Brandy, make a Mafs in a brafs Mof
tar, to be form'd into Pills, weighing fourteen
Drams each •, two of which dried, may be given &
three half pints of Wine, once in two Days, or onCe
every Day, till he has taken eight or ten ; making
him ftand bridled two Hours before and after the
taking of every Dofe. Thefe Pills may be kepc
twenty Years, and are not only of wonderful fie
againft Wounds, efpecially in an Army, where ^
expeditious Cure is requir'd ; but likewife again'
the Farcin, and Worms, and againft the meddin£
of the Hair from the Head and Neck ; in which caie
three Dofes of thefe Pills, together with Bleeding'
and the external ufe of Lime-Water; and after that'
Flower of Brimftone, given every Day in moiften'
Bran, will compleat the Cure. Thefe Pills are iff"
fo very proper againft eating Scabs in the Mane
and Tail, if the external ufe of Lime-Water b*
join'd to them, and againft running Sores in &
Legs, Warts, Bunches, Quitterbones, and fuch 1*
llubborn Diftempers.
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Part IL PerfeB Farrier. 29 j
If the Wound be foul, it muft be .
Wafh'd at every dreffing with the yel- ^Z'ZT
low Water, which follows. 'Take two or three pounds of unjlack'd Lime, newly made; put it into a large Bafon of fine Tin, and pour upon it by degrees, five quarts of Rain-Water. Then Jet the Bafon in a convenient Place for two Days, flirring the Water often. Then let it fettle, decant the Wa- $er °ff* Jlrain it through brown Paper ; and to three pints of it, add half a pint of good Spirit of Wine ; <w Ounce of Spirit of Vitriol, and as much Corroffue Sublimate in fine powder. Mix for Ufe. If the Wound be pefter'd with proud Flefh , add to this quantity of Lime-Water, an Ounce of Arfenick in. powder; if even that be too weak, you muft burn the whole Wound with a hot Plate or Iron, taking care not to touch the Skin, Tendons, and Si- news : Then anoint the burnt Part with Oil of Bay warm, covering the whole Wound with Flax, and repeating the Application of the Oil, till the Efcar loofens; after which, anoint it with Bafilicum, or Tallow, till the Scab falls off: And you will find a fair Skin underneath, without the leaft Mark of burning. The common detergent and cleanfing Remedies,
^e too weak for Horfes. Salt Butter cleanfes more effectually than any of them. Indeed Unguentum ■dpoftohrum, and the Neatflierd Ointment are of very &ood ufe -, and above all, the Ointment JEgyptiacum, Miich tho' it occafions fpme Pain, is neverthelefs an ^nocent and very ufeful Remedy. Its Compofition ls as follows, Take a pound of common Honey, and Th? oi„tme„f
\pint of Brandy, boil'em over a gentle ^gyptiaciup. flre, in a glaz'd Pot or Bafon, ftirring V* frequently with a wooden Slice, till they b$. per- fe&ly united, and the. Brandy difappears. Then add txv° Ounces of "burnt Mum, beaten fmall, and four U 4 Ounces
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i p 6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Ounces of -powder of Verdigreafe farced, Jlirring and
incorporating them with the other Ingredients. At laft put an Ounce of Sublimate in fine powder, jlirring and boiling as before, till the whole be reduc'd to a Con- Jijiency. Then remove the Pot from the Fire, and con- tinue jlirring till the Ointment be cold, which mufl be kept in a cover'd Pot for life. If you fee any Signs of Putrefaction in the part,
mix two Ounces of Aquafortis with the MgyptiacurtU For a Caufticlc to eat the corrupt Flefh, without hurting the Nerves or Mufcles, put the liquid Cauftick into the Sore with a little Cotton, preffing it on with a Bandage, otherwife it will have no ef- fect. You may renew the Application till you per- ceive that the part is fufficiently penetrated. As often as you drefs the Sore, walh it with the Lime or yellow Water, or with black Soap mix'd with un- flack'd Lime. Sometimes you may cleanfe the bot- tom of a Sore with a Tent, anointed with Aigyp' tiacum; and then you will find the Tent of a green colour, by reafon of the Verdigreafe in the Compo- fition. Sometimes after old and neglected
F/Jwaw.' Sores, efpecially in the Feet, the Bones remain bare without Flefh to cover them ; in which cafe, Take Dragon's Blood, and BoU Arm mack, of each half an Ounce ; MaJlick,Olibanuin and Sarcocolla, of each three Drams ; Aloes, Round Birthwort, and Roots of Flower-de-Luce, of each a Dram and an half. Mix and apply in the form of a powder; or, which is better, mix it with Turpentine in the form of an Ointment. When the Wound is fair and clean,
ThePowder of we ufua]Jy compleat the cure with Sympathy. dryJng powders_ gut of ^j fuch poW.
ders , the moft fuccefsful and expeditious, is that
call'd the Powder of Sympathy, viz. Put a conve- nient quantity of Roman Vitriot (that of Cyprus will not
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 297
not do) in a flat bottom'd Earthen Pan, and cxpofe
it in the open Air, to the hotteft Rays of the Sun, remo- ving it always at Night, and in moifl Weather,till the Vi- triol be reduced to a white Calx. In the mean time you muft ftir it every Day, with a Wooden Slice; for touching it with Iron, after the Sun has begun to unlock its Body, weakens its Virtue. When 'tis perfectly white, take it out, and preferve it for the true Powder of Sympathy : Which you are to ftrew upon a Cloth, dipp'd in the Blood of the Wound, and likewife upon a Cloth dipp'd in the Matter iffuing from the Wound, if there be any •, laying the Cloth afterwards in a temperate Place, or in a moifl: Place, if Suppuration be needful j or in a dry Place, if drying be requifite ; and powdering the Subftance every Day. If the Depth of the Wound requires Tents, put them in clean and dry, and always when you take them out, ftrew this Powder upon them. ALinnen Cloth doubled five or fix times, and dip'd in the Solution of this Pow- der, and wrap'd about Wrenches and Sinew-Strains, renewing the Application twice a Day, is oftentimes more efte&ual than any Waters, Oils or Ointments ; tho' Sympathy is not the Caufe of its Efficacy. Though the Powder of Sympathy is a moil efte-
ftual Remedy for dangerous Wrenches and Strains in the Hoofs, yet fome are fo prejudie'd, that they will not make ufe of it. Upon which Account I ftall fubjoin the Description of an Ointment, that promotes the cure of Wounds more in one Day than other Ointments do in a confiderable Space of time. Take the green Leaves of long Birth- . '
yort, Paul's Betony, and Sage, of each %£?%
a handful and an half; Sanicle, a hand- WoUnds. f^l; Roots of Marfhmallows and Comfrey drfd in the Shade, of each an Ounce ; flice the Roots ^ery fmall, and boil them in a Skillet with a pint of ^ream, for the Space of a quarter of an Hour; after •which.
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j 9 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
ivhith, add the Leaves chop'd ftnall, and boil thefff
fo long, till you can -perceive nothing in the Skillet l>ut a pure butter, produc'd by the boiling of the Creams Then Jlrain it out into a Pot, and put into the fame Skillet, a quarter of a pound of the Lard of d Hog fed with Acorns, cut into Slices, and mixt with the remaining Herbs and Roots, Boil all together about a quarter of an Hour, and ftrain out the melted Lard upon the Butter. In the next Place boil two Ounces of Oil Olive in the Skillet, with the fame Herbs and Roots, for the Space of a quar- ter of an Hour, and ftrain it out into the Pot with the Butter and melted Lard : After which, fqueeze out all the Juice and Fat of the Herbs and Roots in the fame Pot; and while they are ftill hot, add an Ounce of melted Tar, and an Ounce and an half cf burnt Allum in powder ; incorporating the whole Mafs, and flaring it till be cold. Melt a little of this Ointment in a Spoon, and with a foft Pencil anoint the Wound very lightly once a Day ; cover- ing it gently with Flax, or powder of old Ropes. If, at the fame time you perceive fpongy or proud Fjefh, confume it with white Vitriol, diffblv'd if Spirit of Wine, and after the removal of the Scab and Swelling, apply the Ointment. Giving the pire will anfwer the fame Indication. But to clean^ the hidden part of a Wound, that cannot be reach'd by Fire or Caufticks, you mqft ufe the Lime or yd* low Water prefcrib'd above. A Wound tending to Mortification*
of a Gangrene, is call'd a Gangrene ; and a confirm'" Mortification is ftyl'd a Sphacelus- The Signs of a Gangrene, are, an Infenfibility, Lividnefs, and afterwards Blacknefs of the part •, a fudden and unwonted Softnefs, and a Smell refembling that o* a dead Carcafs. The Cure of a Sphacelus is in?' poffible : A young Gangrene is cur'd,by an earl/ Scarification of the part to the quick, with a. Fleam j |
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 199
and wafhing it with fait Water twice a day, and co-
vering the whole Wound with Flax fteep'd in the ftrongeft Lime-Water ; or if that proves too weak, in the following Water. Take of Crude Mum, a pound; Ger- A ^tergent
man Copperas, in coarfe powder, half a °rre*e ""' pound; Verdigreafe in fine powder, three Ounces; boil all together in a gallon of ftrong Vine- gar, to the Confumption of one half Referve the unftrain'd liquor for ufe, in a glafs Viol; making ' the Glafs as often as you apply it; and, in cafe it proves too weak, adding to each quart, two ounces of Aquafortis. Or, Take of the Jlrongeft White-Wine two Ounces and a,
half; Brandy, half a pint ; Spirit of Vitriol, two Ounces. Mix in a two quart Bottle •, and an hour after, add two Ounces of Verdigreafe, in fine powder ; white Vitriol, four Ounces; and green Copperas, one pound; the two laft in coarfe powder. Stop the Bottle very clofe with a Cork and Hog's Bladder ; then let it ftand in infufion on hot Embers, twenty four hours, making it every fix hours. Then preferve it for ufe, making the Glafs, and applying as above. 'Twill keep three Months. When a Horfe's back is gall'd up- * sall'd Back'
on a Journey, take out a little of the Stuffing of the Pannel over the fwelling ; then few a piece of white, and very foft Leather on the in- fide of the Pannel. Anoint it with Salt Butter, and every Evening wipe it clean, rubbing till it grow foft, and anointing it again with Butter, or for want of that with Greafe. Warn the fwelling or hurd every Evening with cold Water and Soap, and ftrew it with Salt, till the Horfe be Saddled in the Morn- ing. Above all, a large quantity of Sea-rufh, that is ufually wrap'd about Venice Glaffes, thruft into that part of the Pannel that touches the Sore, is of admirable ufe for Saddle-Galls. j Sometimes
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a ©9 7$<? Cample at Horfeman: or,
mmefs'Gdls. p Sometimes the breafts of Coach-hor-
fes are gall'd by their Harnefs; or rile in. hard bunches, efpecially in rainy Weather. In \yhich cafe fhave off the Hair about the Sore very clqfe, and rub the whole Breaft with a Lather of Water and black Soap; then warn that part of the Breaft, which is ufually cover'd with the Petrel, with Salt Water; fuffering it to dry qp of it felf. If the hardnefsof any part of the Harnefs occafions the Gal- ling, take it away, or cpver it with little Bqlfters. „, , , _, . To flop a violent flux of Blood, oc- laItanchBlood. r , , .r , , \T c
' ■ ' '„ cation d by a wound upon a large Vel?
fel; nothing is preferable to the powder of Sympathy-
If that cannot be had, you muft lay bare, and bind up the cut Veffel. If that proves unpraclicable, flop the Orifice of the Veffel with a piece of Roman Vitriol, and apply a Bandage, if the Situation per- mits : If it does not, the fureft way is, to apply a gearing Iron. Thofe who are afraid of Burning ; may take equal quantities of Co!cothar,Frankincenie, and. Aloe? in powder; and mix'em with the Whites p) Eggs, to the thicknefs of honey; adding a conve- nient quantity of the hair of a Hare, cut fmall -, and jn a different cafe, Dragon's Blood, Man's Blood dry'd, Plaifter, and Calcin'd Vitriol; and apply the whole in a fufficient quantity. After the blood is, fiopt, you muft not touch the Wound for three days, to fee whether the Veffel be exactly clos'd. The Simples for flopping a flux of Blood are, the Roots and Leaves' of 'Nettles, ike Bark of a Pom-. t -quale and Pine-tree, the leaves of Plantane and JVilJows, Services, burnt Galls quench'a in Vinegar% ."■:■ ffozver% Starchy Soot, Litharge, Cerufs, Vitriol^ Colcoiharx Jllum, a drfd and pounded Sponge, and if- Pi Coriander-feeds, Above all, the moft effectual ■nedies are Caufticks, efpecially the powder of rfenick, which makes a large Efcar. Only, when, Scab falls off, you muft take care to prevent r. |
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Part II. Perfett tamer. |3t
new Flux of Blood, by avoiding fharp Remedies, or
the ufe of a Probe-, and applying a mixture of equal quantities of a?omgranate,Roff?a»yitriols and Allurris Having treated of Simple Wounds,
I proceed to thofe occafion'd or pre- %#£* ceded by Swellings. If a Horfe is bit by another Horfe on the Neck, or hear the Wi- thers •, warn it with Lime-Water, or Water and Soap, or with the fecond Water If there be only a am- ple Contufion, apply Brandy; if the Wound be frhall, apply Oil of Wallnuts cold, mixt with red Wine. If the Horfe have large and flefhy Withers j the redundant moifture occafioningproud flefh, and hindering the drying of the part, retards the Cure; A hurt in the Withers occafion'd by the largenefs of the Saddle-bands, provided it is not very great j Will certainly be cur'd by what follows. Take the Whites of fix -Eggs ; beat
them with a piece of Mum, almofi as A™™P **
, ■ * ■> r 7 a [mall hurt in big as an Egg for a quarter of an hour tJhtWlther}.
together ; till the whole he reduced to a
Very thick fcum or froth ; with which you tnuft
rub the fwelling, and afterwards cover it with th£
reft of the froth, fuffering it to dry upon the partj
repeating the Application every tenth or twelfth
hour •, notwithstanding that the heat arid fwelling:
remains.
If the hurt be great, divert the hu- A Remejyfof
riiors by letting Blood in the Neck at a great hurt irt
firft, and repeating it after two days, the withers;
If a Tumor and Inflammation follows a
Contufion, occafion'd by the Saddle-Bows, anoin£
thrice a day with the Duke's Ointment* and cover/'
the Withers with a Lamb's Skin, laying the woolly
fide next the part, after you have bath'd them with
Lime Water prepared without Sublimate; for" tkiC-
■Remedy does very powerfully allay the Inflarhraa-
*ion; and in this cafe Defenfives are of no ufe.-
- If
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3 o x The Compleat Horfeman: or,
If the heat, distention, and beating of the Tumor,
fpeak its tendency to fuppuration i you muft alter your method, and wafh off the Ointment with lukewarm Oxycrate, mixt with a handful of Salt; and, as foon as the part is dry, chafe it gently four times a day, with an Ointment made of half a pound of Populeon; Honey and black Soap, of each a quarter of a pound; mix'd cold, and diluted with a large glafs of Spirit of Wine. After which, cover the Sore with a Lamb's Skin, to promote the ope- ration of the Ointment, which will diflipate the hu- mours and remove the heat. During the external Cure of hurts in the Withers >
give your Horfe a Dofe of Cinnabar-Pills for two days tog |ther, keeping him bridled two hours be- fore, and? after the taking of them; and repeating the fame Courfe after an interval of two days. In cafe of a tendency to Suppuration, if you can-
not procure the above-mentioned Ointment; Take an equal q. uantity of Cummin-feed and Linfeed in pow- der ; boil ti. \em in Cow's Milk, with a large quantity of Pigeon's Dung in powder ; and make a Pultis to ripen the Swellin g, and affuage the Pain. Take fou r Ounces of the roots of Marfh-mallows
beaten, boil vhern in Water; and afterwards add leaves of Mallows,, and Bank Urfin, of each a handful. After they are well boil'd, beat them to a Mafh, ad- ding Oil Olive and Butter, of each two Ounces. With flower of Fenugreekfeed, make a ripening Pultis to be applied warm. When the fwelling is ripe, make one or more
holes in the lower part of the fwelling, with a red hot Iron, about the bignefs of the end of your finger; and having preft out the matter, drefs the holes with foft Tents, befmear'd with the Duke's Oint- ment •, or put in Tents of Hog's-Lard, reaching from ■one hole to the other; leaving no boggy or hollow place underneath, that the whole matter may be evacuated.
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Part ll. Perfeffi Farrier* > 303
Evacuated. If there be any hollow place, you mull
P'erce the Skin at the end of it with a red hot Iron 5 *nd then put in Tents with the Duke's Ointment; from one hole to another; keeping the Sore moift ^fith the Duke's Ointment, to allay the Inflamma- t'on; and if there be a large hollow with a greafi Putrefaction, injecting the yellow Water, This method is preferable to Incifion, when the
?ottom of the Sore and the Bones are found. Bur* 'f the Bone be foul, the fureft way is to cut off all that is corrupted, and even the Mane, if there be °ccafion, without touching the Nerve that runs a'ong it; difcovering at once the bottom of the *ore, and piercing it to the quick. You muft cu£ the Sore (loping, without high or fvvelling Lips, to keep the matter from ftagnating ; and carefully ^parate the corrupt flem from the Neck-Sinew 5 ^he cutting of which would certainly fpoil the *iorfe. Having thus freed the Sore of its corruption, j^rew the place with red hot Afhes, taken out of a burning Fire, till the Blood be ftopt. Next day ^afli it with the Water of a Smith's Forge, luke- warm, or with warm Wine, Urine, or the fecond Water; and ftrew it again with hot Afhes, repeating the fame method two or three times once in 24 ^Oursi for the alkaline, afhy Salt, being melted by the moifture of the Sore, deftroys the acid humour, *nd confequently abates the Swelling, Heat and °ther Symptoms. In art Army where you cannot ^afily come at Ames; after the Incifion, bath the ^Ore with Water, fully laden with diflblv'd Vitriol, 9r the German green Copperas, and bind on ic ^lax dip'd in the fame Water. After 48 hours, j^ke off the dreffing; and if you perceive any In- animation, renew the application of the Flart as <°ve, till the heat and fwelling are affuag'd, >; hen wafh the Sore with the Water of a Smith's °fge, lukewarm, and after that with the Second
Water,
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304 7 he Compkat Horfeman: or,
Water, or Lime-Water ; and befmear it with Ox-
gall-, covering it very fofdy with Flax, or powdc of old Ropes ; which being remov'd the next da>, will leave the Sore fair and clean. Warn it aga«j with the fecond Water, to allay the Itching; and af- terwards continue to anoint with Ox-gall, and cove with Flax, and powder of old Ropes, till it be heal a. If you perceive any corrupt or bruis'd Flefh, bun the part, or apply the powder of Colcothar; an after the Scab falls off, continue to anoint as befo''e with Ox-gall. To confume proud-flefh, the powder of white Vitriol will ferve, where Caufticks are W' convenient. If the Oxgall does not anfwer, y°u muft have recourfe to the Hermit's Ointment >ot Wounds. To make the flefh firm, you may ftre^ it with white Vitriol, laying a convenient Ointment over it.
Swellings or Wounds on the Reins or Back, ar.e
cur'd after the fame manner with thofe on the W'' thers. So that the above-mention'd Remedies ma/ ferve in all Wounds whatfoever. |
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CHAP. XXII.
Of the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and Venemo^
Beajis. THE Cure ofMadnefs, occafion'd by the biting
of a mad Dog, whether in Men or Cattle, lS commonly thought to depend either on a miracle or dipping in the Sea. But a Pamphlet lately printed at Pointers, has difcover'd an eafy and in- fallible Receipt for that Difeafe; which was confin'" as a fecret for feveral Ages to a certain Family, and at laft difcover'd by a Jefuit of the fame Family* This Medicine, fays the Pamphleteer, is recoiT)' 1 mended |
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 3 o y
rnended by fo many Experiments, that thofe who
J've near the Ocean, prefer it to the ufe of the Sea^ Water. 'Tis this, If there be a Wound, cleanfe it very '
carefully; fcraping it with an Iron In- -An infallible
flrument, without cutting away any Remifyfor tart of it, unlef it be Jo torn, that capm>Jd by 1t cannot be united to the member; siting. then bathe the Wound with Water and Wine, fomewhat warm, mix'A with a pugil of Salt. The Wound being thus cleans'd :. Take Rue, Sage, and Field-Dafies, both leaves and flowers, of each a pugil (this will ferve for one Wound) with a con- venient quantity of the roots of Eglantine or Sweet- briar, and of Spanijh Scorzonera, chop' d very fmall; and five or fix heads of Garlick, each of the big- Kef of a fmall Nut. Beat the Eglantine roots with the Sage, in a Mortar ; then add the other Ingredi- ents with a pugil of bay Salt, beating 'em together in the fame Morfar, to a mafh; a part of which, you muft apply to the part* and3 if the Wound be deep, you muft likewife pour fome of the juice of the fame mafh into it. This done, incorporate the re- maining part of the mafh with a glafs of White-wine in a Mortar; and fqueeze it thro' a Linnen Cloth, gi- ving the ftrain'd liquor to be drunk faiting, warning the Mouth afterwards with Wine and Water, and fafting for three hours after. 'Tis fufficient to fcrape and warn the "Wound the
firft day ; but the Pukis and Potion muft be re- peated nine days together; after which, the Pa- tient may freely converfe with his Friends; and, if the Wounds are not perfectly cur'd, they may be drefs'd like fimple Wounds. In the cafe of Dogs, you may fhift the Wine for Milk, becaufe they drink it more eafily. |
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To
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306" The Compleat Horfeman: or j
To prevent the trouble of a Jour-
Another eafy nev to be dip'd in the Sea, when one S7$ fmad is bitten ^ a mad Beaft : Takg a g
Teafis! ma quantity of Oyfter-Jbells, lay them on hot Embers, and open them with &
piece of a coal; which being kindled will burn or
calcine the Shell. Let them lie in the fire t~.ll thtf
grow brittle, and perfetlly white; after which, be&
their lower half to a powder, which will keep as lon%
as you will. Take this powder of the under half of to*
Oyfter-foells (for the upper part is ufelefs) and fr1
it with Oil Olive; of which, give to Horfes, Dogs'
and other Cattle, as much as they can fwalloW*
once in two days, making 'em faft fix hours be'
fore, and as long after it. To Men you may give
the powder of the under part of one Oyfter-fhell, fry'1'
with Oil Olive, and made into a Pancake v/it"1
four Eggs; taking it fafting, and abftaining £ro&
eating fix hours after.
There are certain venemous Cre3'
of the Wings tures, refembling Mice, which breed
tfMiJ°rbre°im m r0t£en StraW '' the bitinSS of wll'C4
Totnn straw. are fatal to Horfes and Dogs; and
when a Cat eats them, fhe dies in * kind of Confumption. If they bite a Horfe in the Paftern or Fetlock-joint, the part fwells, extending the Tumor to the Hough, Cods and Fundament* and without timely affiftance the Horfe dies in eigbc and forty hours: If they bite the Belly of a Horfe* the Tumor either rifes towards the Throat, or e*' tends to the Sheath ; and quickly kills him. As for the Cure: If it be in the Leg, Tie a Rib'
Ion or Garter of the breadth of an Inch above the fwelling, to flop its progrefs; and beat the fwollen part with a branch of Goofeberry-bufh, till it j>e all over bloody ; then chafe it with a large quantity of Orvietan, or Venice Treacle; exhibiting inwardly *t the fame time, an Ounce of either of thefe J Medi- |
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 307
Medicines in Wine. The next day anoint again,
and exhibit half an Ounce of the fame Remedy. After which, untie the Garter, chafe the Leg with Spirit of Wine, few a Cloth dip'd in the fame Spirit about the fwelling; and after that, rub the part with the Duke's Ointment, to affuage the fwelling. The fame Remedies will ferve for all venemous
Bitings follow'd by Swellings ; bating the Bitings of Serpents, againft which I take the Effence of Vipers to be the moll effectual remedy. |
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CHAP. XXIII.
Of a Cough.
HOrfes are often fubject to Coughs; againft
which, 'twill be proper to mix an equal quan- tity of Fenugreek atid flower of Brimftone with moi- Jien'd Oats; and to give 'em for ordinary drink a pailful of Water, mix'd with a pound of Honey. For fat Horfes, the continu'd ufe of a fmall hand- ful of Hempfeed, mix'd with Oats, is very fervice- able; as alfo the infufion of that feed, in White- wine, given after it has infus'd a Night. The con- tinued ufe of a handful of Juniper-Berries, or of the Wood, and green leaves of Tamarifk, ftamp'd, and mix'd with moiften'd Oats or Bran, rifino- eve- ry day from a fmaller to a larger quantity, i?like- wife very proper. Or, Take newly churn'd Butter, before it
" wajh'd, and Honey, of each a found; A temeJy for *®itb two Ounces of jumper-berries, make a C<"i'lb' Pills, to be row? d up in powder of Liquorice, and given With a pint, or a pint and a half of White-Wine, keeping the Horfe bridled two hours before, and ^ 2 three
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308 The CompteatlrlorferMn: of,
three hours after-, repeating the fame two or three;
times, interpofing a day or two between the Do- fes. Or, Take of clear Oil of Wallnuts, new-
Amthtr Re- ^ drawn, a pint; common Honey, a
pound; and thirty grains of white Pepper
beaten. Mix and give the whole once, or at moft
twice*
Ttvo or three Nutmegs grated, with half a tint of
Brandy, will cure a Cough in one Dofe, unlets the Horfe be old. In which cafe it muft be repeatedj or elfe infufe all Night a fmall Porringer of dry Pige- on's dung, beaten in a quart of VZhite-wine; in the Morn- ing heat it till it begins £0 boil, then firain out the Li- quor, to which add, two ounces of juice of Liquorice- Mix and exhibit, repeating the fame thrice, inter* pofing one day between the Dofes. In inveterate Coughs that woul4
rheEnglijli not ^\t\^ to conimon Remedies, 1 «l'dcou*h. have feen the following Pills of An-
gular Ufe. Take flower of Brimftone, four Ounces -, Aniffeeds beaten^, two Ounces;' Liquorice dried in the Jhade and beat en, four Ounces; BayberrieSi in fine pozvder, four Ounces ; brotvn Sugarcandy, JiX Ounces ; good Treacle, four Ounces ; Oil Olive, eighl Ounces 5 Tafr, two Ounces. Incorporate all together in a Mortar j and with four Eggs beaten in a difh? make Pills weighing ten Drams each, to be dried in the made on a Hair Sieve, turn'd upfide down- Give one of thefe Pills once a day, for twenty days together, in a pint of Red or White-wine, keeping the Horfe bridled an hour before, and two hours after ; giving him at the fame time his ufual allow- ance of Meat, and walking, working or riding him, as at other times. Though thefe Pills are moiftj they'll never grow mouldy: They may alfo be beat- en arid mix'd with Bran. |
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CHAP.
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Part II, PerfeB Far iter. 309
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CHAP. XXIV.
Of QbJiruBions of the Lungs, Fevers, and othen
Sicknejes, oceafvn'd by Foundering. AHorfe, who had fo great an op-
preffion in the Flanks, that he ^J'^yfir ,l , , r 1 • ob trutilons of
Was thought to be puriive, and given ^ L ^ '
over fqr loft, was perfectly cured by the following Remedy. Take Carduus Beneditlus, Mojfy Lungwort, chop'd
finall, of each an handful; Mifietoe of the Oak beaten, an Ounce ; Roots of Marjh-mallows and Elecampane, ftamtfd in a Mortar, half an Ounce ; Hyffop two hand- fids. Boil the Ingredients about half an hour; then prefs out the liquor, and add, half an Ounce of the juice of Liquorice; an Ounce of the powder of Liquo^ rice; Annijfeed and Fennel-feed, in fine powder, of each half an Ounce ; a Scruple of Saffron ; half a pound of clarified Honey, and a quart of White-wine. Make a Decoftion to he given blood warm at two Do- fes •, keeping the Horfe bridled fix hours before, and walking him an hour after, and keeping him bridled four hours longer. Continue the ufe of this four days together; then intermit three days, and after that give him four Dofes more. If this does not fucceed, give him a purging Medicine, and after that, the following powder, viz. Take three pound of Linfeed, dried in a Furnace j
three Ounces of Gentian; two Ounces of Fenugreek ; ef Elecampane, an Ounce and an half; Sage and Hyf- fop, of each three Ounces; Briniftone half a Pound. Make a powder-, of which give two fpoonfuls with Bran every Morning; keeping the Horfe bridled for 3n. hour and an half after it. |
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310 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
„ „ j, . A Fever ioin'd to Foundering, re-
A Remedy for . J . , , ,° rr
Fevers. - quires more timely and quick am-
ftance. In this Cafe, inject a Glyfter
of the Emollient Decoction, with half a pound of Honey, lukewarm; or boil an Ounce of Crocus Metallorum in fine powder, in five pints of Beer, for half a quarter of an hour •, then fuffering it to fettle, pour off the liquor, ftrain it through a Linnet) Cloth doubled, adding a quarter of a pound of Butter; and inject the whole lukewarm, at four in the Afternoon : At fix exhibit the following Reme- dy, keeping the Horfe bridled till eight. Take the diftill'd Waters of Carduus Benediffus, and
Scabious, of each fix Ounces;, Waters of the ghieen of the Meadows, Cinnamon and Succory, of each four Ounces ; thin Conferve of Rofes, two Ounces; Confetli- on of Alkermes, without Mufk or Ambergreafe, an Ounce', Venice Treacle, half a Dram; powder of Oriental Saf- fron, fix Grains. Mix and give it with a Horn, rinfing the Horn and theHorfe's Mouth with a mixture of the Waters of Carduus Benediclus, Succory and Scabious, of each an Ounce and a half. Next day at four in the Af- ternoon, inject the Glyfter prefcrib'd above; at fix, let him blood in the two Plat Veins of the Thighs, keeping him bridled two hours after. Repeat the Dole of the Remedy two or three times; but not the bleeding, without necefiity. In the mean time let him eat a little Hay, injedt Glyfters often, and wafn his Mouth frequently with Verjuice, Salt and Honey. For his ordinary Drink, infufe in a Pailful of Water, the Dough of a Penny-Loaf, ready to be put into the Oven ; which is infinitely better than Flower. If the Horfe continues long in a lying pofture, 'tis a very good fign, as intimating that his difficulty of breathing is not great; and though he complains more when lying, than when ftanding, that is not to be regarded, fince the foundeft HQrfes are wont to do the fame. For
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1
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Part If. PerfeB Farrier. 311.
For another Remedy in the like ^ncther s.e.
cafe : Take the Waters of Scorzonera, medy. §lueen of the Meadows, Carduus Bene- diSus and Scabious, of all two pints and an half, dijfolving in the fame an Ounce of the Confection of Hyacinth, without Mujk or Ambergreafe, and one Treacle Pill in powder. Mix and give it with a Horn in the Morning, rinfing the Pot, Horn and the Horfe's Mouth with half a pint of wild Succory Water; and keeping him bridled three hours be- fore, and two hours after. At Night inject a Gly- fter lukewarm, of an Ounce and a half of Sal Poly- chreft, and half an Ounce of Pulp of Coloquintida, "without the feeds, boil'd in five pints of Beer, half a quarter of an hour; difiblving in the ftrain'd liquor a quarter of a pound of good Populeum. The frequent Repetition of this Glyfler, will promote the cure very much. The Lieutenant's Decoclion is like-
wife very proper, viz. Take Carduus A D*cotiim Benediclus, and Hyjfop, of each a hand- *&*'"# F™n f , . . r T ■ ■ ? r\ n m Founder 4
Jul; juzce of Liquorice two Ounces ; Roots norres
of Gentian, ft amp'd in a Mortar, an
Ounce. Boil 'em in. a pint and an half of Water for
half an hour, then remove it from the Fire, and add
a pint of White-wine, and as much Saffron as you can
lift with three Fingers. Strain out the Liquor for
one or two Dofes •, the next day after this is taken,
let your Horfe blood in the Flanks, and keep him
in a temperate place.
Since Horfes in this condition are wont to eat
very little; they muft be nourifh'd with cleans'd
Barley, without Butter or Fat -, or with Bread or
Bran •, remembring to put the Bit frequently into
the Horfe's Mouth ; and always tcs offer him mea£
When you unbridle, him.
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X4 CHAP,
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312 The Compkat Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. XXV.
Of the 'Preparations and Virtues of Crocus Metal-
lorum, Sal Polychrejl, and the golden Sulphur of Antimony. Liver of An- HpO prepare the Crocus Metallcrunt,
timony. A take equal quantities of the crude Antimony that is fullefi of points and
Nitre. Pound 'em feparately; mix 'em in a CrU' able; fit 'em on fire with a Match or live Coal- When the Flame is extinguifh'd, feparate the Liver from the Scoria, under which you'll find it; reduce it to a a very fine powder; then throw it into Water, and beat again in the fame Mortar, that which the Water cannot diffolve; continuing after the fame manner, till the •whole matter be redue'd to an impalpable powder- Then let the Water fettle, and at the bottom you'll find a iiver-colour'd powder, which you muft con- tinue to warn by pouring on frefh Water, till the Salt of the Nitre, that is not confum'd by the flame, be wholly feparated from the powder. This Cro' cus, and itsinfufion in Wine, is given only to Men: For 'tis not proper for Horfes. Inftead of it, vfe prepare a Liver of Antimony thus. Take of choice crude Antimony grofily beaten, fit
pounds; Salt-petre, of the fecond Solution (the white and refin'd being too violent) four pounds and an half. Mix the Nitre beaten very fin all, with the Antimony, in an Iron Pot9 or Brafe Mor- tar, Jo that two thirds remain empty; then kindle the matter as above ; flanding at a convenient difiance to avoid the fumes of the Antimony. When the matter is cold, turn up the Mortar, for the Liver lies at the bottom,, under the Scoria j and if it be rifiM
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^art II. PerfeB Farrier. 313
right prepar'd, mines like Glafs, and is of a very
dark brown colour. The Scoria;, being a Com- bination of the Sulphur of Antimony and Nitre, are pf excellent ufe in all Glyfters, where Sal Polychreft ls prefcrib'd. This Liver muft not be wafh'd, for by that means 'tis ftrip'd of its Virtues. Two ounces of it, reduced to a fine powder, and given to a Horfe with Oats or moiften'd Bran once a day for the fpace of a Month, is an univerfal Medicine for lofs of Appetite, Worms, Wounds, Farcin, Mange, Obftruclions, wafted Limbs, Cough, fhortnefs of Breath-, and in a word, for all Diftempers that do Hot require hot Medicines. It operates without any fenfible Evacuation, throwing out the impurity of the Blood, by infenfible Tranfpiration j upon which account 'tis, that when a Horfe is curried, we find the impurity of filth fticking to his Skin much encreas'd upon the firft taking of this Medicine. It cools and refrefhes the Body; and by confe- quence is not proper in the Glanders, Strangles, or Running at the Nofe. I know the ancient Phyficians decry'd Antimonial
Preparations, as being full of Arfenical and Corrofive Spirits: But experience gives it againft them ; for I have given to feveral Horfes four or five pounds of this Remedy, in daily Dofes, without intermiffion; and was fo far from obferving any Corrofion in the Sto- mach or Inteftines, that it rendred them brifk, lufty, and fat. This Remedy purifies the whole rnafs of Blood, by infenfible tranfpiration, and ac- cordingly raifes a commotion and ebullition in the Blood, when 'tis firft taken -, upon which account, during the firft ten days, you muft neither gallop, nor work, nor even ride the Horfe much, for fear of Foundering him. 'Tis true moderate exercife, is very neceflary for promoting the expulfion of the impure Vapours, by the pores of the Skin-, but Vehement exercife, efpecially in the beginning, is ex- treamljf
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314 ^°e Compleat Horfeman: or,
treamly hurtful; and when he fweats, you mui
carefully wipe and dry him, and prevent his grow- ing fuddenly cold ; though after the firft Ebullition of the Blood is over, you need not confine yourfelrto fo ftricl an obfervance of thofe Cautions. Neither this, nor any other Preparation of Antimony, ha any purgative influence upon Horfes : For I gaV to a Horfe, two Pills of the Regulus of Antimony' of the bignefs of a large Nut; and two days and a half after, he voided them, without any alteration' or the leaf! fign of Purgation. I gave the (an1 Pills to another Horfe, who two days after, voide" one, and kept the other in his body feven Years. To make Emetick Wine: Let*w°
wLEmenck 0unces of Liver of Antimonyin fiI?e
powder, ftand twenty four hours lfl
a cold infufion in three pints of White-wine; the11 pour off a quart, and add another in its place; fe" peating the abftraction of the old, and the addin* on of frefh Wine, five or fix times. 'Tis an eX* cellent Medicine, both for Men and Horfes. The Analyfts To fatisfy the curious, I fhall her5 of crude An- take occafion to unfold the nature
timcny. 0f crucje Antimony. 'Tis a cheap and common Mineral, approaching to aMetallick Body*
of a black colour, fomewhat blueifh, with large points like Needles, fiiining like polifh'd Tin. 'Tis compos'd of a pure fix'd Sulphur, approaching to that of Gold, and an inflamable Sulphur like com- mon Brimftone, with a great deal of folid and well concodled Mercury, and a little thick and fat Earth. The Hungarian is the beft. The defign °* all its Preparations, is to open and unlock the body of the Regulus, by reducing it to fmaller and more penetrating Atoms; which affume the figure of the Salts, with which they are joyn'd ; and may again be reinftated in their primitive form by Ni* tre or Borax. , Since
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A
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£art II. PerfeB Farrier. 31 j
Since all fufible Medicines exert
^eir Force more adively than in- sdF°b<hreJt. ^iffolvable Lumps, it muft needs be of great ufe f° render Sulphur or its Flowers fufible, they being Juftly reckon'd theBalfam of the Lungs. For which end, fet a Crucible, or Iron Pot, in the midft of an heap of live Coals, till it be all over red hot, even at the bottom •, then caft into it with a Spoon, a fixture of Sulphur and fine Nitre, both in powder, half an Ounce of each. 'Twill break out into a •flame. When the Flame difappears, ftir the mat- ter at the bottom with fome Iron Inftrument, to frlake the Fire penetrate it more effectually •, and caft in more of the fame Mixture by Spoonfuls, ftirring the Matter as before, after the difappear- ance of the Flame between every Spoonful, conti- nuing after the fame manner, till all the Mixture is call in. Then cover the Crucible, and lay Coals °n the Top, and every where round the Sides, fuf- fering it to cool of it felf. After 'tis cold, beat the Matter to powder, which, if rightly prepar'd, 'Will be of a pale Rofe colour •, or elfe white, when the Nitre is not very pure. If it be grayi(h,'tis naught. Four pounds of the Mixture will yield a pound and a half of Salt. This Salt difiblves in Water, and grows red in
the Fire without wafting. 'Tis fo very cooling, that it muft not be given alone; but corrected with half an Ounce of Juniper-berries to an Ounce of the Salt, or with Scrapings of Nutmeg in moiften'd B-an. If the Horfe will not eat it fo, let it infufe all Night in a quart of Wine, and give the Infufion lukewarm to the Horfe, fading. If its cooling Quantity offends him, he will lole his Appetite, and his Hair will brittle and ftare, efpecially in the Flanks, in which cafe it ought to be fhifted for Cordial Powders; for tho' the Intemperance of Men, and the inflaming Fire of their Paffions calls for coaling
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3 16 The Compleai Horfeman: or,
cooling Medicines; yet Horfes, who are free from
fueh Commotions, Hand rarely in need of cooling Remedies. However for a beating of the Flanks, and a bak'dDrynefs of the Dung, three or four Gly fters, with two Ounces of Sal Polychreft, to eacw Qlyfter, are of very good ufe. Tho? I have no Defign to invade 3
4*.m&mt Phyfieian's Province, I cannot but take §?».' n«tice qf an excellent Preparation o* Sal Polychreft of peculiar ufe tq M^11' \n Obftruclions of the Bowels, Stoppage of the Lungs' (pitting of Blood, and Falls; which purges gent'I without heating the Body. 'Tis this; Take Sal P'M'. (href, difjolve it in Water ; flrain the Water, and h°u it till there appears a Film on the top ; then put it inl° a Wooden Veffel, and fet it to Cryftallife in a Cello?* Then, take four Drams of thefe Cryftals , one Std* <$ Liquorice beaten , two Pugils of the Flowers BI double Damask Rofes, either fref/j or dry ; or, inftead of thefe, of Violet Flowers. Put all into an Earthed Pot, with a quart of boiling Water, and let'em ftan^ in Infufion all Night. In a Morning drink a large giafsful of the Water, and another about an Ho^ after. You may likewife diffblve half an Ounce °* ^hefe Cryftals, in two quarts of Water, for a Diet' drink to be ufed at Meals. The true Preparation of the Golden
Ihtgoldmsid- Sulphur of Antimony, is as follows. pPar of Antl- rn i r r<- 1 a ■ 3 •
'inony. Take of Crude Antimony, two pounds»
T~artar, a pound ; fine Nitf-e, half ^
pound \ make a Regulus according to Art, and boil tb& Scoriae in a fufficient quantity of Water, jlirring itfro?# time to time, till part of the Scons, be dijfolved. Fifc trate theSplution thro' brown Paper, and referve the ftrain*d Liquor. At the fame time, boil a fufficient quantity of Tartar in Wine, ftirring it till it be dip iblv'd, which will require a considerable time. TheO pour by degrees the Solution of the Tartar, upon ths Solution
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A
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Part II. Perfect Farrier, iif
°°lution of the Scoria, in an earthen Pot-, and they'll
Pfecipitate a brown powder, throwing out a firong ^d ft inking fm'ell. Dry this powder on brdwri ^aper, and preferve it for the Golden Sulphur of Antimony. Infufe ali Night from half ah Ounce to ^ Ounce of this Sulphur, with a double quantity of j^e white flower, (to keep it from falling to the Pottbni) in a quart of White-wine j and give the to your Horfe every Mornings for filteeri °r twenty days; keeping him bridled two hours be- fore, and three hours after. This Remedy dries admirably red re is the lank;
and heated Flanks of lean and tir'd Horfes ; and SifpeHs thofe humours that keep them from growing j^t. It does not purge Horfes ; but by infenfible ■^ranfpiration purifies the Bloody Joofens the Skirl from the Bones, cools the internal parts, opens the: Pillages, and encreafes the natural heat; for where- as other cooling Medicines make the Horfe leafy and the Hair to ftare, and fink the Appetite ; this *s attended with rid fuch iricdrweriiency. 'Tis not Only of ufe for lean and tir'd Horfes; but likewife for the Cure of the Farcin, Scab, Cough,- Peeling of the Head, arid a beginning Purlivenefs; Thofe whd cannot go to the charge of the abdve-mention'd Medicines lor A. ctef m~ -
H.r • , 4 ■ i , i ■ t mod of cartas
ones tir'd with hard riding, may t'trd, horfes;
bleed the Horfe in the Neck •, the next dly injdft £i Glyfter with an Ounce and an half of Sal Polychfeft; and the day following exhibit & puurtd and a half of Oil Olive, keeping him bridled two hours before and after •, and four days after that j give him the following Purgihgind comforting Potior,; Take tbeEleffuary of BidCartbdmuffij , .
a*d fine Cdthoiicitm of Nicolaus, of each ^ comfori-
?* Ounce; Venice Treacle, two Drams, ing pgihn, fyuid Conferve of Red Rofes, and pow- &r of Sehtia leaves j of each an Ounce y Pulp of CaffiUi
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318 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Caffia, two Ounces; juice of Liquorice, half an Outlet
Scammony Sulphurated, two Drams; Anniffeed &n Cummin-feed, of each a Dram. Give all in a qual of White-Wine, keeping him bridled fix hours be' fore, and two hours after. If this does not m3* a fufficient purgation, give him a purging Glyftef' Feed him with moiften'd Hay and Honey'd W^e(' If after all you perceive no amendment, you m^1 have recourfe to the Cordial Powder, the Golde<i Sulphur, and Glyfters ; and afterwards repeat t"f Purgation. If the purging Potion is too charge' able, give the Medicines prefcrib'd in the ne*c Chapter. |
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CHAP. XXVI.
The Method of Fattening Horfes.
FOR an eafy, cheap, and very effectual Method
of Fattening a Horfe; after you have let hi'1' blood •, give him for his ordinary and only Drink' a pailful of Water, after half a Bufhel of coarfe Bar' ley Meal has been ftir'd in it for a confiderable time> and then fuffer'd to fall to the bottom, the Water being pour'd off into another Pail: Make him eat the Meal remaining at the bottom, Morning, Noon* and Night; adding to it a little Bran or Oats, » he refufes to eat it; and afterwards leffening the quantity of the Bran or Oats, gradually, till yoU bring him to eat the Meal alone. The Barley muft be ground every day, for it quickly grows foure. Continue this Diet twenty days; and when youf Horfe grows lufty, take him off from it by degrees, giving him affirft'Oats once a day, and the Mea' twice, and afterwards the Meal but once, and the Oats twice, and io on. In the mean time you ma/ oive
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 319
Bjve him Hay and good Straw 5 but you ffluft not
fJde him, only walk him foftly about half an hour In the middle of the day. After he has eaten Barley Meal eight days, give
v'm the following Purgative, if you find he Hands Jn need of it: 'Cake of the fin eft Aloes, an Ounce and a half; Agarick, and Roots of Florentine Orrls^ °f each an Ounce; beat all to powder, and give them with a quart of Milk warm from the Cow, peeping him bridled fix hours before, and four hours after, without difcontinuing his ufual Diet. Since the body was cool'd before by the Diet, the Purge will occafion no heat or diforder. The fame ■Uiet is an admirable prefervative from feveral Di- ftempers, efpecially at the end of a Campaign, or after a long Journey. If the Horfe lofes his Appetite, when he begins
to eat the Meal, tye a chewing Ball to his Bit, renewing it often •, for it not only reftores the Ap- petite, but contributes to the Fattening of the Horfe! B |
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CHAP. XXVII.
Of the Palpitation of the Heart.
THE Beating, or Palpitation of the Heart, is a
violent motion, by which it endeavours to evpel fomething that opprefles it. 'Tis occafion'd by hard riding, violent exercife, corrupt Water, bad nourifhment, and whatever produces heat or ^bftruftions. When 'tis violent, the motion may- be perceiv'd on the fides, as likewife a noife like the blows of a Hammer. Some Horfes bear ic ^ithout lofs of Appetite, or any extraordinary "eating in the Flanks. 'Tis a vehement Diftemper, but
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310 The Compleat Horfeman: or^
but not mortal, unlefs it be accompanied with *
Fever. Horfes once feiz'd with it are ufually fub- ject to-it afterwards. The Cure is perform'd by a frequent repetition
of Bleeding, Glyfters, and Cordial Remedies. Fot Glyfters, I refer you to the foregoing Chapters' As for Cordials, you have the Electuary of Kerrnes* the Cordial Powder, the Lieutenant's Powder, an" the Cordial Balls, which are to be repeated every day, or at leaft once in two days. If the Palpitati011 be accompanied with a vehement beating in the Flanks, give him a quart of a Cordial mixtui"e' pf the Waters of Vipers-grafs, Scabious, CarduUs Benediclus and Rofes, with an Ounce of the Co$' fecYion of Hyacinth, without Mufk or Ambergreefe and one of the Cordial Balls reduc'd to powder, rifl' fing the Pot and Horn with half a pint of the fame Cordial Waters. Or, 'Fake Buglofs, Borrage, and Bawm, °J
An eafy Re- eacjj a ban2pl •, foil them in a fufficierf. Tall/Zonof quantity of Water, for the fpace J the Heart. half a quarter of an hour, till tbl Water be reduc'd to a pint. Then 1'1'
moving it from the Fire, add two handfuls of Sorrw and let it Jland till it be cold. Dijfolve in the Jlrahi'd Liquor, an Ounce and a half of the Confer^ of Rofes, half an Ounce pf the Confection of Hyacinth without Mujk or Ambergreafe, and ten grains of Saf' fron. Make your Horfe. drink it lukewarm, an" two hours after give him an Emollient Glyfter> with Sal Polychreft ; repeating the Glyfter ever/ fix hours, and the Potion once a day -, keeping him to a fpare diet of moiften'd Bran, without Oats, and walking him frequently at a Foot-pace- When the Palpitation is perfectly cur'd, 'twill be convenient to give him the Purge prefcrib'd in the foregoing Chapter; walking him next day, till the evacuation is quite over: After which, you may giv5
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 321
give him his ufual allowance of Oats. This is a
general method of Cure for all forts of Palpitati- ons. If it be Summer, and if you per-
ceive an exceffive heat in the Horfe's *^*Z£*%f- Body; let him Blood in the Neck- excejjive beat. Vein, and make him ftand in Water up to the Neck for an hour; then give him a Draught, compos'd of the Waters of Vipers-grafs. Scabious, Rofes, and bitter Succory, of each a glafs- ful; with an Ounce of Cream of Tartar, and four Ounces of Syrup of the juice of Sorrel, or of Violets. You may likewife give him an Ounce of Sal Poly- chreft, in a quart of Wine, and walk him an hour or lefs, according to his ftrength, and afterwards give him an Emollient and Cooling Glyfter, with Sal Polychreft in it. If it be Winter, and no excefiive
heat be perceiv'd in the Horfe's Body; ^Mhminb* omit letting Blood, unlefs there be ^Jn" ° a great oppreffion (in which cafe you may open the Veins of the Thighs, or that in the Brifket) and exhibit the following Cordial Potion. Take Carduus Beneditlus, Sage, and Rofemary, of
each a handful; boil 'em in a pint and a half of Water, to the Confumption of half a pint. To the Jirain'd liquor add a pint of White-wine; Jumper Berries, round Birthwort, Myrrh, and Jhavings of Ivory, of each a Dram; Galangal, Cinnamon and Cloves, of each a Scruple ; Saffron, fix Grains; all in fine powder. Make your Horfe drink this Potion lukewarm, then walk him half an hour; and two hours after give him a Glyfter of three quarts of the Emollient Decoffion, with four Ounces of the Carmina- tive purging Oil, a quarter of a pound of Oil of Bayi md two Ounces of Butter. Y In
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322 The Compkat hlcrfeman: or,
In all cafes, you mull be cautious of over-cooling
the Horfe's Body, for, as I faid before, their Con- dition is different from that of Mens. |
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CHAP. XXVIII.
Of Fevers.
Vigorous young Horfes of a flender make, are
often attack'd by putrid Fevers-, in which cafe, they ftupidly hang their Heads, and canfcarce keep their Eyes open; they reel as they go; the Tongue and roof of the Mouth is blackilh, rough and dry •, a great heat is fpread over all the Body; their Eyes are red, their Breath hot and fharp, and their Flanks beat violently. As for the Cure : Let Blood immediately, fome-
times in the Neck, Temple, or Eye-Veins •, and fometimes in the Brifket, Flanks, or Veins of the Thighs; for bleeding eafes the diftended Veffels, allays the Heat and Ebullition; and by leffening the quantity of the humours, gives nature an op- portunity of fubduing the reft. Feed the Horfe with green Barley, Dandelion, and the tops of Vine- leaves ; and that in fuch a quantity, as is juft fuffi- cient to keep him from ftarving. For his ordinary drink, boil two Ounces of white Tartar, in fine pow- der, in two quarts of Water, for a quarter of an hour: Then pour the Decodtion into a pailful of Water, with a handful of Barley-flower; and let him drink as much as he pleafes. Nothing is of more ufe for allay-
An excellent ;ng ^g £eatj an(j qU;eting the cortl- fj%vee™ y motion of the humours, and provo-
king Urine powerfully; than what follows.
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 32 j
follows. Put a quart of Water, with two Ounces of
Salt of Tartar in a hrazen Pot, with a cover, and fet it over the Fire, till the Salt be dijfolv'd. Dif- fohe after the fame manner an Ounce of Sal Ar- moniack in powder, in another quart of Water. Mix the two Solutions in a Pail, and fill up the Pail with Water, adding a little Barley-flower, to qualify the unpleafantTafte. This Febrifuge ought always to be mix'd with his drink, for it excels Sal Prunellas, and all others that can be prefcrib'd. When the Horfe does not eat or drink, lethimbe always bridled, with a Bag ty'd to the Bit con- taining Afla fetida and Savin, both in powder, of each half an Ounce. Cordial Waters are very proper in
this cafe, for they inable nature to re- ^ F"~ fid the malignity, and by their moi- fture allay the internal heat. For inftance: Take three pints of the Waters of Scabious, Carduus Bene- ditlus, Scorzonera, and Queen of the Meadows, with an Ounce of the Confection of Alkermes. Make the Horfe drink it up ; and repeat it next day, if there be occafion. Aboveall, Glyfters repeated, if there
be occafion, three or four times a day^ g/awT/ relieve the Horfe moil effectually. Take Fevers. two Ounces of the Scoria of Liver of Anti- mony, in fine powder; boil themin five pints of'Whey, made of Cow's Milk ; and after two or three brifk waums, remove it from the Fire, and immediately add two heads of Coloquintida, Jlic'd fin all; and after 'tis half cold, prefs out the Liquor, to which add a quarter of a pound of Butter; and injecl it luke- warm. This is a purgative Glyfter, that muft not be ufed daily; but the following may be repeated feveral times a day. |
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Take
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Y 2
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324 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
A ,. Take a fufificient quantity of the fif-
'Ghfter. tening Herbs, and Fennel-feed, beaten
•with an Ounce and an half of Sal Po-
lychrejl, and two handfuls of whole Barley. Boil and ftrain, adding to the ftrained Liquor Oil of Ro- fes and Violets, of each four Ounces ; extracted Caf fia, or BenediBum Laxativum, three Ounces. In- ject it often, and rub the Horfe now and then againft the Hair, to give vent to the fuliginous Vapours by opening the Pores. But if the Fever continues three days without intermifiion, you may fuperfede all Medicines, and throw the Horfe upon the Dunghil ; for in that time, the Liver is quite confum'd by the heat, as appears by the DifTection of Horfes that die of Fevers. In the Declenfion of the Fever, it
a lever w'^ "3e necenT*ary to exhibit a Purge ;
for which end, I recommend the fol^
lowing, which purges effectually, without heating the Body. Take powder of white Tartar'* and fine Nitre, of
each two Ounces; put 'em in an earthen Di/h, and kindk 'em with a live Coal. After the matter is fujficiently burnt and cold, beat it to a fine powder; put it into Water and White-wine, of each a quart, with fourOun- ces of Senna. Let'em ftand all Night in a cold infufion > Then pour the ftrain1 d infufion upon fout or five drams of Scammony, in fine powder, incorporated with half & pound of Honey prepar'd with the Herb Mercury; fiif- ring all gently with a Peftle in a Mortar. Give the whole quantity, keeping theHorfe bridled four hours before, and three hours after. Feed him with moi- ften'd Bran inftead of Oats; and twenty four hours after, walk him gently for the fpace of an hour. This Medicine may be fafely adminiftred on all occafions, without any danger of heating, or in- flaming the Body. CHAP.
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 3 2 j
—r .. ... ■ "
CHAP. XXIX.
Of the Farcin,
THE Farcin is a fwelling, that frequently ap-
pears with an Ulcer, fpreading almoft over the whole Body; caus'd by a corruption in the Blood, and a certain malignity of the humors. It has fome affinity with the French Pox in Men ; and is cured like that, by removing the Caufe, i. e. purifying and fweetening the Blood ; for which end, feed your Horfe with moiften'd Bran, bleed him, and two days after keep him bridled fix hours, or till Morning; at which time give him Safafras Wood, Sarfaperilla, and fjex"j™*tht Guaiacum, in grojs powder, of each three ^ardn. Ounces; in a quart of'IVhite-wine: Rin- fing the Pot and Horn, with half a pint of the fame Wine; which he muft alfo drink, and ftand bridled fix hours. Then give him mpiften'd Bran and Hay, and fuffer him to eat and drink two hours. Then let him ftand bridled all Night as before, and take the fame Dofe next Morning; continuing the fame method three, or, if need be, fix days. When the knots are ripe, open 'em, if they do not break of their own accord ; and ha- ving drawn out all the matter, drefs 'em every day with the Ointment of Portugal. If a Farcin be of fq long Handing,
that the Liver and Lungs are corrupt- °fj?Zrci£ ed and wafted; or that*it is accompa- nied with a running at the Nofe, or feizes on the Kernels; or that the knots void great pieces of flefh, like large Mufhroorns; no Cure is to be ex- pected, efpecially after a fuccefslefs adminiftration 1 ] Y 3 "• '.....of |
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$i6 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
of the foregoing Remedies. However, if the Lungs
are only'dry'd, and but flightly ulcerated, fome- what may be done; or becauft the condition of the Lungs is not eafily trac'd, 'twill be proper to nuke a trial, by making the Horfe champ twenty four hours together, upon two Ounces of Afl'a ferida, fpread upon a ftick, and wrap'd up in a Cloth, without fuffering him to eat or drink all the while i for a Horfe may faft fo long without danger. By this means he will caft forth a prodigious quantity of filthy humours; and, if the Lungs be not con' fum'd, or the Liver ulctrated, he may recover And perhaps it would not be amifs to put a fecond ftick of. frefh Afla fastida into his Mouth, after twelve hours. This done; if the Horfe be flefhy and full of
raw, tough and vifcous humors, like your TJutch bulky Horfes: Infufe ten Ounces of the fhavings of Guaiacum-wood, or, for want of that, of Box-wood, in nine -pints of Water, for twelve hours, on hot JJJhes. then boil with a gentle heat in a cover'd Vef fil, to the confumption of the third part of the Wd' ter. Give the Horfe a quart of the ftrain'd liquor every day, for eight days together, keeping him bridled three hours before and after, and then purge him; for the Decoftion attenuates and prepares the humor for Evacuation. If the Horfe be lean, dry and cholerick; Put
four Ounces of China Roots, cut very fmall, into # large glafs Bottle, well Jlop'd. After they've in' fus'd fifteen hours, boil 'em over a gentle Fire, in a covered Vejfel, to the confumption of one half. Give your Horfe a third part of the ftrain'd liquor lukewarm, every Morning, keeping him bridled two hours before and after, It muft be prepar'd frefh every three days, becaufe 'tis apt to fowre. After eight Dofes, purge him, for this Decoction prepare?
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 327
Prepares the humors for Evacuation, without aug-
menting the heat. For a Horfe of a middling nature, give, for fix
°r eight days, the Decoction of Sarfaperilla, pre- par'd like that of China, only allowing a third part more of Sarfaperilla, becaufe 'tis to prepare thicker humors, in order to purgation; which fucceeds much better after a fuitable preparation of the hu- mors. After Purgation, repeat the Decoctions to dry
the habit of the Body. The fame method of Curb is alfo very effectual for Coach-Horfes troubled with Pains or filthy Sores in their Legs; for this extir- pates the Caufe, and prevents Relapfes, which other methods will not do. Inftead of the Decoctions, you may exhibit two Ounces of the powder of the fefpective Ingredients, in aquart of White-wine, tho' indeed the powders are not altogether fo good, as the Decoctions; efpecially that of China for lean, dry, and cholerick Horfes. Safiafras in powder, is no defpicable Medicine. |
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CHAP. XXX.
Of the Ebullition of the Bloody or Blood-Running
Itch.
LOng reft, and want of exercife, hindring the
diffipation of fuperfluous humors •, do ufu- ally occafion a redundancy of Blood, upon which its fubtiler part, penetrating the fubftance of the flefli, caufes external tumors, oftentimes mifta- ken for the Farcin ; though the fuddennefs of their appearance, and their eafy Cure, together with their foftnefs and loofenefs, are plain diftinguifliing marks. Y 4 This
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328 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
This Diftemper is eafily cured by bleeding plen-
tifully once or twice in the Neck-Veins. Ifunfea- fonable bleeding occafions a Fever, by repelling the humour, you muft immediately inject a Glyfter* and an hour after give an ounce or two of Venice Treacle or Diateffaron in wine j which will drive out the humour, and atlaft cure the Horfe. Sometimes the exceifive heat and boiling of the
Blood, occafions its forming it felf into little knots* or bunches, in feveral parts of the Body; which is effectually cur'd by giving every day an Ounce and an half of Liver of Antimony ; or three or fourDo- fes of Cinnabar Pills; for fuch Medicines cool and purify the Blood. Sal Prunells given in the Horfe's Bran, will prevent this Diftemper, by ex- pelling the bilious feriofities, and that perhaps by Urine. |
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CHAP. XXXI.
Of the Molten Greafe.
THE Molten Greafe is a Diftemper, to which
fat Horfes are moft fubjeict; for their tough flimy humours (miftaken for melted fat) are by vir- tue of an agitation and a provident ftruggle of na- ture, thrown into the Guts, in order to Evacuation j and this cafe is beft known, by putting one's hand in- to the Horfe's Fundament, forif the greafe is molten, a whitifh film will cover the Excrements thus drawn forth. Upon the leaft Sufpicion of the Molten Greafe;
put into the Horfe's Fundament, your Hand and Arm, anointed with frefh Butter; and draw forth not only the Dung, but all the flimy humours. After
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 329
After you have rak'd him carefully, let him Blood
ln the Neck ; and half an hour after inject a Glyfter, °f two Ounces of Benediclum Laxativum, one Ounce °J Sal Gemma, (or Sal Polychreft, or the Scoriae of *-iver of Antimony) and a quarter of a found of Honey °f Violets; all dijfthlved in two quarts of the com- mon DecoSion ; adding Emetick Wine, and the Urine °f a found Man, of each a pint. Then walk him gently, for half an hour, to make the Glyfterwork. After that, give him about half a pint of the juice of Houileek, mix'd with a pint of White-wine, walking him gently for the fpace of an hour; for that juice, °oth cools, cleanfes and heals: Afterwards repeat the Glyfter, and endeavour by all means to retrieve his Appetite. I have often adminiftred the following Glyfter,
with very good fuccefs. After you have rak'd your Horfe, and allow'd him fome time to reft, cut the Neck of a young Sheep or great Lamb in the Stable, receive the Blood into a hot Pipe, and in- ject it warm by way of Glyfter; to be repeated every twelve hours, inftead of all other Glyfters ; for it moiftens and tempers the Guts, and is fel- dom or never thrown out till the ufual time of dunging, when it appears clotted among the Ex- crements. When theDifeafeis of longer ftanding, bleed your
Horfe, and half an hour after, give him two ftink- ing Pills in a pint of Wine, or of Beer, if it be in Summer; an hour after repeat the famedofe; and after a like interval, repeat it again. Half an hour after the laft Dofe, injecl: the following Glyfter. &oil two Ounces of the Sconce of Liver of Antimony, reduc'd to fine Powder, in five pints of Beer or Whey ; after two or three brijk waums, remove the Veffel from the Fire, and adding a quarter of a pound of ffefk Butter, injecl the Glyfter blood-warm. For . want |
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330 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
want of the Glyfter; you may thruft a piece of
Soap ifito the Fundament. If the Diftemper be extreamly violent, and the
Horfe is very refdefs and troubled with a vehement Palpitation of the Heart, and if a great deal o» flime is drawn out of the Fundament; give him a Glyfter, of Sheep's Blood warm, every two hours j If the violence of the Difeafe ftill continues, 'twin be convenient to give him three Dofes of the Pills> two or three hours after the lad of the forme/ Dofes, without fearing the ill confequences of g1' ving fo large a Dofe; for the heat of thefe Pills lS qualified by the Antimony, and the fix'd Salt, with which they abound. This method will always fucceed, if it be feafona-
bly begun ; but if the firft infults are over-look'^' 'tis a dangerous cafe. If this Difeafe is attended by a running of much matter at the Nofe, 'tis a fig1' of Death; efpecially if the humors are frothy. 1' it be caus'd by violent exercife, or overheating,
'tis
a hard matter to cure it. I have obferved fome
Horfes feiz'd with it in the Stable, others after very moderate riding; and others again after the violent agitation of the Body, occafion'd by Cholick Pains; in all which cafes the Cure is the fame. Since the ftinking Pills, mention'd but noW>
are of excellent ufe for Horfes, not only in this» but in many other Diftempers, 'twill not be irn- proper to take a view of their Compofition. 'Tis this, Take the reddeft and cleareji Aff&
The ftinking festida, Barberries of Provence or Ita' PilUfirMol- "Jy and Liver c Antimoni Qr each afi ten Greafe, J , .., ' , . J J j,, foundering, eiual iuantltJ > heat 'em to powder,
cholick and and mix 'em carefully with a Peftlt* I'tvers. in a large Mortar, pouring on by de* greeSy a fufficient quantity of Vinegar*
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 331
*° incorporate 'em. Make Pills weighing fourteen
"rams each, to be dried on the bottom of a hair Sieve, and kept as long as you will. In the an- ient Compofition, the Liver of Antimony was *eft out. But I chufe to add it, becaufe it ren- ders the Pills more agreeable to the Stomach, and tuore proper and fafe in Fevers; and by promoting the infenfible Tranfpiration, quickens the flow operation of the Affa fetida. This method of mix- lrig all the powders together, is much prefera- ble to the former way of diflblving the Affa fetida "1 Vinegar, and evaporating the Solution to the thicknefs of Honey, and then adding the powders; for by this means the volatile Salt of the Affa fecida ls retain'd, which in the other way would evapo- rate with the fleams of the Vinegar ; and the un- fupportable flench and fharp fmell that ufually caufes violent Head-aches, is corrected. Some ^ould perfuade us, that the volatile Salt of the Affa fetida, is lodg'd in an Oily vifcous Subftance, incapable of evaporating with the Vinegar ; but 1 am not of their opinion. Indeed, if the reddifh pure Affa fetida, without any mixture of Earth or ^Vood, cannot be had ; 'twill then be not only aUowable, but neceffary to diflblve the impure Gum in Vinegar, and evaporate the ftrain'd Solu- tion to the thicknefs of Honey, and make Pills °f that with the other powders •, becaufe thofe Impurities would weaken their Virtues. But at the fame time they are certainly inferiour to thofe Prepar'd the other way. Affa fetida, the chief Ingredient of thefe Pills, is a Gum that grows Jn the Indies on a Bufh, with fmall leaves re- ambling Rue; and that in ftony and dry places. •*t appears about the end of Summer, and is ga- ther'd in Autumn. Notwithstanding its ftench, the Indians ufe it in their Sauces, and anoint their Pots,
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3 3 * The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Pots and drinking Veffels with it. The beft Afl»
fetida grows in the Province of Utrad, in the In' dies; for that which comes from Pcrfia, grows on a Plant, with leaves like thofe of a Fig-tree, and js much inferior to the other, l Thefe Pills are fo uniyerfally ufeful, and withal
fo cheap and portable, that no body fhould be ■without 'em. In the molting of the Greafe, and Foundering, they are of fingular ufe, if they be g1' ven as I directed above; only if the Horfe befopn' der'd, as foon as you let him Blood, you muft pic*" his Feet, and pour Oil of Bay into his Fore-feet, ftopr ping them with Flax, and laying hot Embers up011 the F]ax, with Splents over all; and renew thefatf>s Application thrice, once every fix or four hours i and twenty four hours after fuffer him to lie down- The Horfe muft neither eat nor drink for fo^ hours after the laft of the three Dofes ; nay, l£ would be convenient to keep him twenty fotf hours from drinking, and two or three days fro111 Hay or Oats. Three Dofes pf thefe Pills, exhibited according
to the above-mentioned Method, may perhaps curfc that fatal kind of Cholick, call'd the red Gripes 5 being follow'd by a Glyfter of warm Sheep's, °r Calf's Blood. In Fevers they are very proper, th6 Horfe being carefully cover'd up after the firft Dofe> adding another Dofe next Morning, together wit*1 frequent Glyfters; for tho' the bleating of his Flank3 increafes at firft, if wilj abate quickly after. |
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€ H A ft
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^art II. Perfect Farrier, 333
CHAP. XXXII,
9/* Worntsi Bots, or (Truncbionsi bred tn the Body
of a Horfe.
\T70rms are the produft of crude undigefted
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humors. The Remedies prefcrib'd againft:
vvorm-Cholicks are proper on this occafion. To ^hich we may add the following powden Take the feeds of Coriander, Let- .
l*ce* Rapes and Colewort, of each two worms. * °'
Ounces \ Zedoafy an Ounce; fhavlngs °f Hartfhom, four Ounces: Make a powder. Dofe* tyo Ounces a day with Oats or Bran moiften'd with ^»ine, for twelve days together ; after which, givd ^°Ur Horfe a proper Purge; for Purgation is al~ ^ys neceffary in this cafe. The following Remedy is alfo Very
Proper for killing Worms. Take an ^fMd'*> ^Unce of the filings of Steel, mixt with worms. vl°iften'd Bran; give it to your Horfe Qailys 'tiu he has eaten a whole pound; and theii P^rge him. This Steel courfe is very proper for jiorfes return'd from the Camp, or from a long «l°urney; for Worms are oftentimes the hidden caufe j*f their not thriving. Befides, Steel is an excellent "Medicine againft ^all obftructions whatfoever. , The powder of Earthworms dry'd in an Oven* lt* an earthen Pot, covered, after they have vomit- ^ up all their filth by lying fix hours in clean Wa- ^ef i giving every Morning from one to two Ounces .n a quart of good Wine, for feven or eight days j s an effectual Remedy againft Worms. |
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C H A P,
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334 r^je Compkat Horfeman: or,
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CHAP. XXXIII.
Of Swaying of the Back, and Falls.
IF the Ligaments of the Bones of the Back afe
ftretch'd by a fall; the Back is faid to be fway'^: And if a Vein be broken within the Body, the e*' travafated Blood curdles, and putrifies, and pi-0' duces very dangerous Diftempers. Mules are more fubje<5t to the fwaying of the Back, tha" Horfes ; becaufe the Ridge of their Back beii$ higher, is not fo firmly fupported by theif Ribs. For the Cure : Take two pounds of Blood frortj
the Neck-Veins immediately ; and having chaf'1 his Back with your hand, till it grow warm, app^' two large fcarifying CuppiDg-glafles, one on eac'1 fide, where he complains moft of pain, or where the extravafated Blood is lodg'd. Then put yd1' Horfe into a frame, and hang him up; or elfe efi' clofe him with Grates, fo that he cannot move h'5 Body, and let him remain in that pofture five °( fix Weeks. Then rub upon his Back, equal qua11' tities of Spirit of Wine, and Oil of Turpentine' ihaken together in a Viol till they grow whi^ as Milk •, after which, apply the red Honey Charge hot, adding half an Ounce of Galls, at every Ap' plication-, and applying a frefh Charge every tirtfe' without taking away the former. This application will occafion a fwelling of the Back; which rx&1 afterwards be remov'd by the Baths and Foment*' tions prefcrib'd againft Swellings. In want of tfre Honey Charge,you may apply the Ointment of Mont' felier for two or three days; and then proceed to tl^ Fomentations. If your Horfe voids Blood ftill at th* |
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X
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Part II. PerfeB Farrter. 3 3 j
or Nofe, give him every day Sal Polychreft,
and Juniper-berries beaten, of each an Ounce, in a pint of red Wine, for eight days together: And for the "jft four days injecl: every day an Anodyne Glyfter, a'cer you have rak'd his Fundament. , « thefe Remedies prove fuccefslefs, as it often . aPpens in very great Strains ; make two or three nciiions with a large Iron flice, and feparate the kin from the Flefh on the Reins, (or that part of lM back that lies behind a little Saddle) about the J^eadth of half a Foot, on each fide of the Back- bone, 'till you come to the Hip-bone. Then ftop trie holes with flices of Hog's-lard, of the thicknefs p half a Crown, and two or three Fingers breadth °ng and broad, to hinder the Skin from growing l° the Flefh. Rub the feparate Skin with an Oint- ment made of equal parts of Populeum, and the Ointment of Marfhmallows; covering the whole t)art with a Lamb's-Skla, the woolly fide inward; and laying a Saddle-cloth over all. Then hang up jour Horfe, or fix him in fuch a pofrure, that he ^ay not be able to ftir; and give him a Glyfter every Night of Sal Polychreft 5 and every day a "otion of an Ounce of Affa fsetida in powder, mixc ^lr-h. a pint of Wine, for eight days together, ■^fter forty eight hours uncover the fore place,. and you will find it very much fwollen; as it muft °e in order to the Cure. Take out the Lard, and Prefs out the reddifh matter in the Sore. Then Put in frefh pieces of Lard, and chafe the whole Part with the above-mention'd Ointment; after *"at, cover it up as before, and drefs it after the ari>e manner, once in forty eight hours, for the Pace of twelve days. After which, omit the Lard, a°d drefs it with the Duke's Ointment, keeping it ^0ver'd and dreffing it every day, till the Skin be United to the Flefh, and the Sores heal'd. Twenty |
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two
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3 3 6 I7w Compleat Horfeman: or,
two days after the beginning of the Cure, yolJ
may take away the Lamb's-Skin ; and ten day5 after that fuffer the Horfe to ftir, walking hima little ; and fo accuftoming him to Travel by oe' grees. Inftead of feparating the Skin, you may giv^
the Fire (which is an eafier, and no lefs effect3* RemedyJ piercing the Skin with a red hot Ir°0' and making holes all over the fame part, at ^e diftance of an Inch from each other. Then appv a good Plaifter, and over that, two Sheets of Pa' per ; after which, hang up your Horfe for a Month' and when the Scabs are fallen, drefs the SoreS with the Duke's Ointment, and proceed as t>e' fore. |
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CHAP. XXXIV.
Of the fwelling of the Cods or Stones-t and v
bruis'd or hard Stones. THE fwelling of the Cods or Stones, may pf?'
ceed from a ferous humor that defcen^5 along the production of the Peritonasum; or fro111 a Defluxion, occafion'd by the ftroke of anothef Horfe -, or from a Rupture or downfall of the Guts> occafion'd by a Strain. If it be only a flight Inflammation'
Of an Inflam- r;d; th(, Horfe im£) ^ co]d Wate'
cZT °f wil1 rePel ic- B«t if the Inflammation
be violent, you muft apply the f°''
lowing Pultis. Take yellow Wax, frejh Butte?'
and Oil Olive, of each half a pound; ftrong Vinegtf'
half a pint; toil 'em together, till the Vinegar « ahn°r
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 33?
ahnofi confumed. Then remove the Vejfel from the
Fire ; and adding an Ounce of Camphyr, make a Pultis, to be applied to the fwollen Cods, and re- lew'd after four Hours, without taking away the former, or covering the part. This will remove: the Heat and Pain, and the Swelling too, if it be a fimple Inflammation. But if the Swelling con- tinues ftill, and the Stones hang low, after the Heat and Pain are gone, 'tis a Sign of an Hydro- cele, i. e. that by a Relaxation of the Peritonaeum, the Cods are fill d with Water-, which, if retain'd* inay corrupt the Stones, and occafion a fatal Gan- grene. In which cafe, after the Application of the former Pultis, you muit make a fort . ... , of Gruel of Barley-meal and Vinegar •, J"n' y ^nd when 'tis almoft boil'd, add half the quantity of Chalk, wich a fufficient quantity of Oil of Rofes and Quinces, and two Pugils of Salt; and apply it as hot as you can touch it with your Hand, binding it on very carefully. Or, inftead °f that, boil a fufficient quantity of Beans in the Lees of Wine, till they grow fofc; then beat 'em to a Mafh ; to two pounds fjfftlvent pf which, add half an Ounce of Caftor 'n fine powder, and few all up in a Bag,large enough to cover the Stones, to be bound on as hot as it can he fuffer'd, the Cods being firfl: anointed with the Ointment or Oil of Roles. Twenty four Hours after, anoint again, and heat the Bag in the fame Lees of Wine, in which the Beans were boii'd ; continuing tc renew the Application after the fame manner, till the Swelling be abated. If all proves inefieclual, and the Stones hang
very low, and feel as if they contain'd a great deal of Water, you muft geld your Horfe at the ^Lill-Moon •, and, if the Stones were not Ulcerated lhe Wound may be eafily heal'd. Z When
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3 3 8 The Compleat Horfeman: or,
When by a Relaxation of the Peri'
Rtipturc. a tonseum, the Guts fall into the Cods, you muft endeavour to put up the fallen Gut with your Hands; or if you cannot do it otherwife, caft the Horfe on his Back on &z Ground, and bind his two Legs on each Side toge' ther, and having bath'd the Stones with lukewarm Water, put up the Guts with your Hand. The11 apply the following Bag. Take the Roots of Comfrey, the Bark of the Port'
granate and Oak-Trees, Cyprus, Nuts, green Oak Af ■pies, Sumach and Barberries, of each four Ounces > Annls and Fennel-feed, of each two Ounces; Flcwe>'s cf Pomgranats, Chamomil, and Melilot, of each ?$ handfuls; pozvder of crude Allum, half a pound. PvJ 3em altogether into a Bag, large enough to cover 0 Stones, and few it after the manner of a Quilt. The'l boil this Bag for two Hours in a large potful °' Sloe Wine-, or, for want of that, of thick red Wine> after which, apply it moderately hot to the Stoned tying it on dexteroufly with a Bandage palling round the Flanks, and ty'd on the Rump, heating the Quilt in the fame Wine , every twenty four Hours; and continuing the ufe of it for a confi' derable time. Afterwards the Cods may be fomefl" ted with Adftringent Baths. I have feen fome Truflfes for Horfes, fo dexte'
roufly made, that they could leap very wel' with them. But the fureft Remedy is to geld the Horfe, after the Guts are put up ; for fo the Cods fhrink up, and the Guts fall no more down int° them. . Sometimes the Stone grows dry and
of bmh-d or Yi&vc], by reafon of a Contufion, when hard Stones. & j^.^ emangks h|mfe]f among frt
Bars that are fet up to feparate him from other
Horfes; and fo.netimes a Defluxion falls upon the Liga-
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Part II. Perfe& Farrier. 339
Ligaments by which the Stone hangs, which is
more dangerous. If the Hardnefs and Coritufion be not very ftub-
born, it may be cur'd, by applying the following Pultis. Take Honey and frejh Butter melted, of each half a -pound ; juice of green Coleworts , a pound ', leaves of Rue, without the Stalks, a large hand- fnl; black Soap a quarter of a pound ; Bean-flower', a pound. Stamp the Rue in a Marble Mortar, then add the Honey, and afterwards the Juice of Coleworts, Butter, and black Soap. Mix them well without Heat, and with the Bean flower make a Pultis to be applied cold with a Hog's Blad- der, and kept on with a Bandage ty'd about the Horfe's Back ; renewing the Application every Day. If the Swelling be accompanied with a great Inflam- mation, add to the whole Compofition, two Drams of Camphyr, diffolv'd in three Spoonfuls of Spirit of Wine. But if the Tumour be feated in the Li- gaments above the Stone, you muft chafe the pare with Spirit of Wine Camphorated, before you ap- ply the Cataplafm. If there is matter generated in the Stone, apply
to the part where the matter feems to be feated, EmplaftrumDivinum, fpread on very foft Leather; then apply the Pultis, and, if there be any mat- ter, the Plaifter will draw it. The Plaifter muft be taken off once a Day, but "needs not be chang'd. You muft let the Horfe Blood in the beginning
and end of the Cure ; and give him two Ounces of Sal Prunellse every Day mix'd with Bran, which muft be his only Food. If the matter appears fo high above the Stones,
that it cannot be conveniently evacuated, you muft open a Paffage with a red hot Iron at the bottom of the Cod, without touching the Stone. Z 2 Then
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34° The Compleat Horfeman: or,
Then anoint the Cod with Bafilicum, and Jay over
it Beet-leaves fmear'd with Butter; putting into the Hole a Tent anointed with Emplaftrum Divinum melted in Oil of Rofes ; which indeed is an excellent Remedy, in all cafes, where a Sore is required to be kept open. This Method regularly purfu'd, will certainly
cure the. Horfe without Gelding; which is to no purpofe, when the Malady is feated in the Liga- ments ; and is always dangerous, till the pain be afluag'd and the defluxion flopt. |
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CHAP. XXXV.
Of the Lask, Loofnefs, or Flux of
the Belly. TH E Lafk or Flux, which is frequently fatal
to Horfes, is occafion'd by fuch a Weaknefs of the Stomach, that the Food paries thro' the Guts almoft without any Alteration, ('which is a very dan- gerous Cafe;) or by the Corruption of Humours either gather'd in the Stomach, or thrown upon it from other Parts. The External Caufes, are, eat- ing too much Provender, feeding upon mouldy or rotten Hay, frozen Grafs, Rye-ftravv, and other unwholefome Nourifhment; drinking very coldWa- ter, immoderate Fatigue, exceffive Fatnefs, drink- ing immediately after the eating of a great quantity of Oats; and fometimes, want of Exercife. If the Excrements voided boil and ferment upon the Ground, the Diftemper proceeds from over-heated Choler, and is rarely dangerous, nay fometimes profitable. If the Excrements are white, 'tis a Sign. of
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Part IL PerfeB Farrier. 341
of crude cold Humours; if they be watery, they
denote a great Weaknefs of the Stomach. LoofnefTes occafion'd by drinking cold Water in Summer, or melted Snow,or eating tender Grafs, or other loofen- ing Things, are not to be regarded: But thofe which come without a manifeft External Caufe, ought never to be neglected. As for the Cure : If the Excrements are mix'd
with fmall Pieces or Scrapings of the Guts, you mult immediately endeavour to prevent a fatal Ulcer in thofe Parts, by giving two or three times a day a pint of a cooling foftning Decoction; viz. Of two Ounces of Barley, the like quantity of the Roots ' of Marjh-mallows, and an Ounce of the powder of Sal Prunella , boiled in three quarts of Water to a quart. If the Diilemper is caus'd by Flegm, you muff, have recourfe to Cordial Powders, or Pills, and other hot Remedies, capable to ftrengthen the Stomach, and relaxated Parts. Sometimes a Loofnefs is a feafonable Effort of
Nature, to free it felf of a troublefome Load of Hu- mours : But if it continues above three Days, with the Lofs of Appetite, it muft be feafonably check'd; for fometimes Horfes are founder'd by its long Con- tinuance. In this Cafe, the Horfe's Food may be Bran moi-
ften'd with Claret, or Barley parch' on a Peel, and then ground, and the belt. Hay : But Oats are al- together improper. As for Remedies, you may be- gin with a fcouring Glyfler, viz. Take Wheat-bran well fified, and _ .
•whole Barley, of each two handfuls ; aiyfiet"^
fed Rofes, a handful; true Opium flic'd Mall, half a Dram; boil 'em in Whey or ft eel'd J^ater for the fpace of a quarter of an hour; then add the Leaves of wild Succory, Agrimony , Beets, white Mullein, and Mercury, of each a handful. Z 3 U
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341 T^t? Compleat Horfeman: or,
In two' quarts of the ftrain'd Decoclion dijfolve the
'yolks of fix Eggs ■, Honey of Rofes and brown Su- gar, of each four Ounces. Mix and make a Glyfter. After the Operation of the Glyfter, give him two Ounces of Liver of Antimony, or half an Ounce of the Golden Sulphur of Antimony, in moiftened Bran, perfifting in this Method for a confiderable time ; for thefe Medicines corroborate the Guts, and allay the Fermentation of the Humours. This done, you may inject an adftringent Glyfter: For inftance, Take Knotgrafs (or Shepherd's purfe)
Gl BfordmS an^ whlte MuUein' °f each a handful;
Plant ane-leave s, two handfuls ; wild Pomgranate-flowers, half a handful; the feeds of Myr-
tle, Lettuce, and Plant arte; of each two Ounces. Beat the feeds, and boil 'em in three quarts of Beer or Bar- ley-water, with half a dram of good Opium cut into thin flices; then put in the Herbs, and afterwards a hand- ful of drfd Rofes. Add to the framing, half a pound of Honey of Rofes, and four Ounces of Sugar of Rofes, Make a Glyfter. \.\''". , If the Flux be not ftopp'd by the A Potion for r c\, . rr J
the Flux Antimony, you may con-
tinue to repeat the Glyftersj and at
the fame time, give the following Potion. Take eight large or ten fmall Nutmegs, put 'em upon a point
of a Knife, and hold 'em over a Candle till they be burnt to a red Coal; then caft 'em into ~,a quart of Claret, breaking them with your Fingers; aiid after they have flood in infufion all Night, Jirain out the F/ine in the Morning, and make your Horfe drink it blood- warm 5 keeping him bridled two hours before and after. This is an excellent Remedy for Men, as well as Horfes. |
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For
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 343
For a Superpurgation in a Horfe :
Take of Plantane-kaves in Summer, if°mfl/°a[
or the feeds in Winter', a fujjicient quan- t-tonJ tity. Boil 'em in three quarts of Beer; and add to the framing, Catholicum, two Ounces; Rhubarb and Seal'd Earth, of each four Ounces. Make a Glyfter, to be repeated twice or thrice. In the mean time, exhibit a Potion of two quarts of Milk, in which you have quench'd Steel five or fix times; mix'd. with two Ounces of the ftones of roafted Grapes, and an Ounce and an half of the fhavings of Ivory, calcin'd, and beaten to a very fine powder. |
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CHAP. XXXVI.
Of the Falling of the Fundament.
THE Falling out of the Fundament is occa-
fioned by a violent Flux, or the Piles, obliging the Horfe to ftrain violently; or (as it often hap- pens) by cutting off the Tail; in which cafe, if it is accompanied with a great fwelling, 'tis almoft al- ways a fatal figrc of a Gangrene fpreading towards the Back : And if it does not quickly yield to the ordinary Remedies, the Horfe may be given over for loft. This Malady ought never to be neglected; for
it may be attended with dangerous Confequences: And therefore you muft anoint the place with Oil of Rofes bloodwarm, and afterwards endeavour to put it up. After two or three fuccefslefs attempts, you muft have recourfe to what follows. Beat fix drams of the Salt of Lead in a Mortar,
poiirhig en it by degrees a fujjicient quantity of Z 4 Qoa'sr
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^
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344 r^oe Compleat Horfeman: or,
Coat's, Milk, or, for want of that, of Cow's Milk-,
till they ajfums the Confijlency of a liquid Ointment. An- oint the Fart with this Ointment, and put into the Fundament a Tent dip'd in the fame ; repeating the Application from time to time. Or, Take powder of burnt Oyfer-fhells, two Ounces; the
green middle Bark of an Afh- tree beaten, four Ounces; or, for want of that, two Ounces of the dry Bark i good Honey, a quarter of a pound; and half a pound of the leaverid Dough of a Rye-loaf ready to be put into the Oven. Make a Puitis without heat, to be ap* plied cold to the Fundament; renewing the Appli- cation every twelve Hours. If thefe Applications are not attended with Sue*
cefs, as foon as the Inflammation and great Heat are remov'd, you miift cut off the part of the Funda- ment that hangs out, with a fharp Knife , heated red-hot, to prevent a Flux of Blood. If the Fundament fhrinks into its place when the
Horfe refts, and falls out again when he trots, 'tis a Sign of a Fiftula:' In which cafe, the beft and moft fuccefsful Way, is to tie a piece of ftrong Pack- thread about it, and cat it quite off with a red- hot Knife; anointing the Wound afterwards every Pay with Album Rhafis, and then rubbing the Flefh with Siccatiyum Rubrum. |
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C FIA P.
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Part II. Perfetl Farrier. 345
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CHAP. XXXVII.
Of Warts, Chops, Pains, Ratt-tails, Mules, and
other foul and watery Sores in a Horfe's Legs', and of fwollen and gouty Legs, occafon'd by fuch Sores: Together with a defcription of the Compofition and Virtues of the white Honey- Charge, ONE of the beft Secrets in the WarU
World for Warts in Horfes Limbs, and likewife for the Knots of the Farcin, Is the following Recipe. Put three Ounces of Powder of Copperas into a Cru-
mble, with an Ounce of Arfenick in Powder. Place the Crucible in a Char coal-fire, ftirring the matter from time to time, but carefully avoiding the fleams. Continue a pretty fmart degree of heat, till the zvhole matter be Somewhat reddifh ; then take the Crucible off the firet Q'nd, after 'tis cdol'd, break it, and beat the matter to a very fine Powder. Incorporate four Ounces of this Powder with five Ounces of Album Rhafis; and make an Ointment to be applied cold to the Warts, an- ointing them (lightly every day; and they will, *all off like kernels of Nuts, without caufing any ^veiling in the Legs. But you muft take care to ^noint only the Warts, and neither to work nor ride the Horfe during the application of the Oint- ment. When the Warts are fallen of, which will happen in a Month's time -, drefs the Sores with ^e Countefs's Ointment, and in a Month more the *-ttre will be compleated, for the Sores are ulua-Jv ♦ery deep, when the Warts are large. So nut
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3 46 7^ Compleat Horfeman: or,
Sometimes a fharp malignant Hu-
chop °r mour fre"ing the Skin, occafions Clefts and Chops on the bough of the Pa-
tterns ; which are accompanied with Pain and a very noifome flench. In this cafe, fhave away the Hair from the fore place, in order to keep it clean; and apply the white Honey Charge, or the Coach- man's Ointment, which will quickly heal the Chops, if you renew the Application from time to time. I» foul Flefh retards the Cure, touch it with Spirit of Vitriol two hours before the application of the Charge. The Oil of Hempfeed, or that of Linfeed fhak'd in a Vial with an equal quantity of Brandy? is alfo very proper to qualifie the fharp Humours, and to heal and dry up the Chops. If thefeRemedies do not operate effectually, apply one of the drying Ointments. When a Horfe is fubjecT. to thefe Clefts, I take it to be the bed way to keep the Patterns continually fhav'd, and to cut the Hair off thofe places as often as the Main, taking care not to cut the Fetlock. Sometimes a {linking fretting Mat'
?JwauTS ter ifrues outof the Pores, and deadens Scrps m lie tne Skin of the Pattern and Fetlock Legs. Joynt, and even of the whole Leg, and fometimes is fo corrofive, that
it loofens the Hoof from the Coronet at the Heel, appearing on the Skin with a white colour. This is always ufher'd in by a fwelling, and accompanied with pain ; and at laft affumes fuch a venomous quality, that 'tis fucceeded by Warts and Clefts- It appears ufually at the firft fide of the Patterns, and afterwards attends to the middle of the Leg, peeling offfome part of the Hair. If it continue* any time, the whole Part is over-run with Warts, Clefts, and Nodes, which make the Cure very difficult. As for the Cure : Take away two pounds of
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Part II, PerfeB Farrier. 347
of Biood as foon as you perceive it; then give
him every Morning for eight days together, the decoction of Guaiacum or Box-wood, and afterwards purge him -, obferving the fame method as was pre- icrib'd for an inveterate Farcin. This method will remove and prevent all forts of Infirmities in the Legs of Coach-Horfes. In the mean time you muff, immediately (have away the Hair, and, if the Leg be not gourded, rub the fore places Very hard with a Wii'p, and then apply the follow- ing Ointment. Take a pound of Mack Soap ; an or-
7. , i j. j r *■■ ■. r 7tt- . An Ointment dinary glafeful of Spirit of Wine; tivo t0 dryupm.
Ounces of common Salt beaten finally try Sores,
three Ounces of burnt Allum, with a Sufficient quantity of Meal; make an Ointment \ to be applied to the place without any ban- dage or cover. The next day wafh the part very clean with a new made Lye, and fo re- tiew the application of the Ointment from time to time. Take two Pounds of Common Honey; , .
t- „ 1 ■ j > j r> * T"e Ointment put them in a new glaz'd Pot, over a 0r oidenbur"
Very fmall Fire. As foon as it begins for the fame
to boil, re?nove it from the Fire, and «/>•
^corporate with it Vcrdigreafe in fine
Powder, and white Vitriol grofsly beaten, of each
four Ounces. Then fit the Pot again on a fmall
Fire, flirring the matter, and add tivo Ounces of
Galls, in very fine Powder. Take it off again from
the Fire, and after flirring it for fome time, add
ayi Ounce of Sublimate, beaten very fmall, flirring
a-l together till they be cold. And then you may
^ake it ftronger, by adding four Ounces of Aqua-
0rtis. This Ointment may be kept a long time.
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\V£
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oint the Sore flightly with it every day. For
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arts indeed you need not be fo cautious* If the
Legs
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3 48 The Compleat Horfeman: or.
Legs 'are not gourdy, this will certainly do : Bu
if the Legs arefwollen and gourdy, you muft ta^e what follows. . A Water for ^a^e w^te Vitriol and Ailum, of cad
Pains and $ pound and a half; boil them in a ctei ^
Warts in pivol- daz'd Earthen Pot, with five pints °Jr leu and gourdy %rater^ t0 tbe tonfumption of one haf e*s' Cut off the Hair, and make the Sofe very clean, and bathe it every Evening with th,s
"Water; which is the beft Medicine I ever us'd. If the Legs are not Gourdy, twf
The Coach- following Ointment is a cheap and e»' man's Owt. fcauaJ Remedy for pains,Clefts,MuleS» $?i&}2t fof" Sores ■» -
m Legs that an^ Rat-Tails. Take common Hone}'
Are not gourdy. and Powder of Copperas, of each a poUW and a half; mix them Un a Pot, oVL a gentle fire, ftirring them confiantly till they begin \ boil; then take off the Pot, and when the watte? ^ half cold, add an Ounce of Arfenick in powder, lot! fet it on the Fire again, ftirring it till it begins > boil. 'Then take it off, ftirring it perpetually till 1 grows cold, but fo as to avoid the noifome fmell. An' oint the parts flightly with this Ointment, oncfj every two days, the part being firft fhav'd and rub J with a wifp. If you lay either this, or Oldenburg, Ointment, too thick upon the part, 'twill raife 9 Scab, inftead of drying up the Sore. The fwellings accompanying the',
A Cure for So are cur,a . having the Ha'r gourdy Legs, , , r , . r „nd
accafiond by ab°ut the fore place very clofe, a? ^
theft Sores. anointing every day with Oil of L"1' feed, mix'd and fhaken with Brandy''
renewing the mixture every time it is ufed. } that does not fucceed, you muft apply the whit Honey-Charge, renewing it everyday, and at every dreffing, wiping away all the matter with Fla*- If the sourdy Legs are cover'd with Warts, th ; ° following
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Part II. Perfect Farrier. 349
following Remedy will make them fall away by
degrees-, being call'd, by reafon of the durablenejs °f its effect, the Perpetual Cauftick. Put an Ounce of ftrong Aqua-fortis, .
With half an Ounce of Silver-Lace, B*%t"/™£
°urnt, wafh'd, and dry'd, into a Ma- uialcaufthk. Cl"ice; placing it on hot Afhes, till fhe Silver be diffblv'd, which quickly turns reddiih. Then augmenting the Fire, evaporate all the Aqua- fortis, and there will remain at the bottom a brown matter, which muft be kept dry and cover'd. This Medicine, call'd Lapis Infernalis, might be 'Hade more effectual and proper for Men; by taking two Ounces of the Filings, or thin plates of fine Silver, difiblv'd in five Ounces of ftrong Aqua- fortis ; and pouring the Solution into a glafs Cu- curbit, cover'd with ics Alembick; and drawing off °ne half of the Aquafortis, with a heat of Afhes 0r Sand. After the VeiTel is cool'd, you will find ¥■ the bottom a certain matter, in a faline form ; ^hich muft be kt on a fmall Fire, in a pretty large ^rman Crucible, (to prevent its boiling over) J^l the ebullition ceafes, and a matter finks to the D°ttom ; after which augment the Fire a little, and *he matter will affhrne the form of Oil at the bot- f0t» of the Crucible. Pour this Oil-like fubftance, '•Ho a very clean Mould, fomewhat hot, andanoino ed with Tallow, where it will grow as hard as- Intone ; and afterwards keep it in a well ftop'd vlafs-bottle, and in a dry place. This Stone alone ut>b'd upon Warts every day, will deftroy them; , r> to prevent wafte, the fmalleft pieces of it may ^ beaten to powder, and ftrew'd upon the Warts; per which the Scabs will quickly fall away. The ,econd Preparation is very effectual againft Cancers th ^ r'iey ^e toucri'd with it every day, till ■ ey fall away. 'Tis likewife.. proper againft Figs,
proud-
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3 yo The Compleai Horfeman: or,
proud-flefh, and other Excrefcencies. The Silver
intangfing the Aqua-fortis, keeps up the lolio
form •, which Copper, Iron, and fuch like impcr'
feci; Metals would not do.
If the Hoof is feparated from the Coronet at
the Heel, the white Honey Charge will cure it, an"
make the Hoof grow. The Compofition of tha
Medicine is as follows.
Boil eighteen large Lilly Roots, chop'
The-ohm ho- , for want of thef a d 0ii neyCharge and ,. , j f t ■ r 1) ift
plaifter. a quarter of the powder of Lmfeedj '•:
two gallons of Whey, which I take t°
be better than Beer. When the Roots begin t<3
grow foft and cleave under your Finger, add iedffi,
of Mallows and Marjh-mallows, without the Stalks, °J
each ten handfuls. Boil till all be reduc'd to a
Mafh, pouring in Whey from time to time, ^
make up the waft. Then ftrain the Mafh through
a hair-fieve turn'd upfide down ; and boil the ftrain'
ing for fome time with Tallow and Butter, of eaC'*
a pound, ftirring all the while. Then remove tfl
Veffel from the Fire, and as foon as you percei^e
that the boiling is perfectly ceas'd, incorporate t^
Ingredients with Honey and common Turpentine, °}
each a pound. If it be not thick enough, thicken ]t
with Wheat-flower 5 but the better way is to bo1*
the Mafh at firft to fuch a Confiftency, as (hall n^
need any Flower to thicken it. It muft be kep1"
•well cover'd •, and tho' it appears mouldy, it may
be very good nearer the bottom. If the moiftur6
was well evaporated in the boiling, 'twill keep tW°
Months in a dry place. If it be too thick, you mat
add a little Beer, when you ufe it. 'Tis appli^
cold with Flax, to the fore place Jhav'd, after th6
manner of a Pultis, renewing the application once
day, till the Sores be dry'd up-, taking care to wip
off the matter from time to time, and to keep ™e
Ha'f
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Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 3JI
Hair very fhort, for it grows very faff, during the
ufe of this Remedy. It ought to be bound oa with broad Lifts of Cloth, after the manner of an Expulfive Bandage. Inftead of this Charge, Far- riers are wont to apply the white Plaifter, which does a little temper the fharp humours,' but does not affuage the fwelling. 'Tis prepar'd thus. Boil half a pound of Honey, with a Litron of fine JVheai- fiower, and a pint of Milk ; Jiirring the?n gently over a little fire, till they begin to incorporate and grow thick. Then adding four Ounces of common Turpen- tine, and two Ounces of Oil Olive, continue boiling and Jiirring for fame time, and apply it as you do the Honey Charge. This is a cheap Remedy, and not altogether ineffectual, when the fores are fmall, and not inveterate. Sometimes after a long implication of the Ho-
ney Charge, the humours being condenfated upon the flefh, and the moifture dry'd up, make the Legs fwollen and hard. In which A MerCHrM cafe, Take half a pound cf Quickfilver\ o'mtmeiii to and four Ounces of the powder of Brim- dijfolve Swel- fione: Incorporate them in a Mortar lmP m the -with the Peftle, till the guickjilver be Lsgs' kill'd. Then adding a pound of Tallow, mix and make «« Ointment. Shave off, the Hair very clofe, and afterwards rub the part with a Surcingle till it grows hot, without making it raw j then apply this Ointment, holding a red-hot Iron-bar near the parr, to make it penetrate the deeper. Wrap it about with a Hog's-Bladder, and lay a cover over that, binding on the dreffing with a piece of Lift, not Cords which leave an impreffion. Renew the ap- plication as before, every 48 hours, omitting the tubbing with the Surcingle. This Ointment never tails to rv.x inveterate hard fwellings, unlefs they '°llow a Farcin, or the Horfe be old; in which cafe the cure is abfolutely impoffible. CHAP.
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3 y 2. The Compleat Horfeman : or,
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CHAP. XXXVIII.
Of Halter-Caji. SOmetimes Horfes endeavouring to fcrub their
Head, Neck, or any other itching part with theii" hinder Feet, intangle their Foot in the Halter; and by ftruggling violently to Difengage themfelves, occafion very dangerous hurts in the hollow of the Pattern. In this cafe, clip away the Hair ; and anoint the part Morning and Evening with equal quantities of Linfeed Oil and Brandy, well mix'd by Ihaking in a glafs; taking care in the mean time to keep the Foot very clean. I once cur'd a Horfe that had cut the infide of his Pattern to the bone, upon the two Chains, with which he was ty'd, by clipping off the Hair, applying once a day the white Honey Charge bound up with a cover, and anointing the Leg with the Duke's Ointment, and applying at the fame time to the Coronet, which was fwollen and inflam'd, an adftringent of the powder of unfiack'd Lime, mix'd with the fecond Water; for I was afraid he mould have call his Hoof. During the Cure, there fell off Efcars; and all the Farriers doom'd him to irrecoverable Lamenefs •, but in a Month's time he was cur'd, and did not halt above fix Weeks. 'Tis true, many Horfes do not efcape fo well: How- ever this may ferve for an Inftance of the efficacy of the white Floney Charge. If the hurts be fmall, with- out a (welling, black Soap with Spirit of Wine, of the Oil remaining after the evaporation of Wine, mix'd with Oil in an equal quantity, or the Duke's Ointment, will quickly heal them. |
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The End of the Second Part.
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353
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A N
APPENDIX
CONTAINING
A Defcription of fome Dif
eafes, and the Receipts of fome noted Medicines, o- mitted by Monf Solleyfel Extracted from the belt Au-
thors on that Subject |
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Of the Anticon
THE Ariticor is a dangerous Si'ckriefs, gfi-
fing from redundancy or inflammation of the Blood, occafioned either by high Feeding, without Exercife ; or by hard Riding. In this Difeafe the corrupt and in- flam'd Blood rendevouzing about the Heart, gathers jnto a vifible Swelling in the middle of the Breaft, Juft oppofite to the Heart, from whence the word Anticor is deriv'd. Before this Swelling appears, the "■orfe groans when laid down, and hanging down A a his
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3-f4 APPENDIX.
his Head refufes to eat. If this Swelling afcends
to the Throat, 'tis prefent Death. To prevent this Diftemper the Horfe ought to be bled before he is turn'd to Grafs, or put to feed in the Stable, and likewife two or three Months after; efpecially if his Blood be black and thick, which is a fign of Inflammation and Corruption. As for the Cure: Immediately upon the appearance of the Swelling* draw a large quantity of Blood from the Plate- Veins, or if you cannot find them, from both fides of the Neck. Then give him a Drink of Diapente, with Ale, adding an Ounce of brown Sugar-Candy* and half an ounce of London Treacle. After that rub the Swelling every Day till it become foft, withHog's- greafe, Boar's-greafe, and Bafilicon, incorporated to- gether in equal quantities. Then open it, and wafh the Sore with Copperas-Water, made of two quarts of Water, half a pound of green Copperas, an handful of Salt, a Spoonful of Honey, and a Branch of Rofemary, all boiled together, to the confumption of half the Liquor, the quantity of a Walnut of Allum being added before it is taken off the Fire. After you have wafh'd the Sore, apply an Ointment made of Rofin and Wax, of each the quantity of a Walnut, melted together, half a pound of clean Hog's-greafe, a fpoonful of Honey, a pound of 'Turpentine, and an ounce of Verdigreafe iti fine powder. Some chufe to ftrike the Swelling in divers places with a Fleam, that the Corruption may iffue forth; and then anoint it with Hog's- Greafe made warm. |
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Of
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APPENDIX.
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357
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Of Bleymes.
ABleyme is an Inflammation between the Sole
and the Bone of the Foot towards the Heel. There are three forts of Bleymes: The firft being generated in fpoiled wrinkled Feet with narrow Heels, are ufually feated in the inward or weakeft Quarter. In this cafe, pare the Hoof betimes, and lerT forth the Matter, which is almoft always of a brown colour-, then pour in Oil de MerveiJle, charging the Hoof with a Remolade of Soot and Turpentine. Thefe Bleymes are prevented by keep- ing the Horfe's Feet clean and moift, and making him Hand five or fix hours every Day in his own Dung, moiften'd with Water; and knocking down the Heel when he is fhod, that the Sinew may be extended, and fo prevent the fhrinking of the in- fide of the Hoof, by which the Bleymes are al- moft always occafion'd. The fecond fort, befides the ufual Symptoms of
the firft, infe&s the Griftle, and muft be extirpated, as in the cure of a Quitter-bone •, giving the Horfe every Day moiften'd Bran, with two ounces of Li- ver of Antimony, to divert the courfe of the Hu- mors, and purine the Blood. The third fort is occafion'd by fmall Stones ^nd
Gravel between the Shoe and the Sole. For cure, pare the Foot, let out the Matter, if there be any, and drefs the Sore like a Prick of a Nail. If thefe is no Matter, take out the bruis'd Sole. |
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A a 2 Of
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356 APPENDIX.
Of Seymes or Falfe-Quarters.
A Falfe-Quarter is a Cleft (for the moft part) on
the infide of the Hoof, accompany'd with a violent Pain, and lbmetimes bleeding, and opening as the Horfe fets his Foot to the Ground. ThisDi- ftemper is only the effeft of a dry and brittle Hoof, and narrow Heels. For cure ; cut away the old corrupt Hoof, and then take the Whites of nine Eggs, the Powder of Incenfe, urflack'd Lime, Ma/lick, Verdi- greafe, and Salt, of each three Ounces ; mingle thefe together, then dip in as much Hurds as will cover the Fore-Hoof, lay it on, and all about it lay Swine's-greafe, an Inch thick or more ; do this al- fo below it. And tie it on fo as that it may not be ftirr'd for a whole Fortnight at leaft: Then ap- ply it frefh again; and the Horfe will require no o- ther dreffing to accomplifh the Cure. If the Horfe ftarts or fhrinks when you lay your Finger on the Falfe-Quarter, 'tis a fign Corruption is gathei'd within it; in which cafe, open it with a Drawing- knife, let out the Corruption, and lay on a Plaifter of Horfe-dung, Salt and Vinegar. Others commend the following Method : Draw
the Falfe-Quarter with a Drawing-Iron fo near to the Quick , that a dewy moifture flows out; then put a Hoop of Wood, about an Inch broad and very thin, twice about the Cronet, fattening it on both fides with a piece of Filleting-, the place be- ing firft anointed, as well as the Hurds, with the following Ointment. Take of the Roots of Hart'-'s-Tongue, Comfrey and
Mallows, of each half a Pound: Having flic'd 'em fmall, boil 'em in two Quarts of Alicant, till the Roots become foft: Then ftrain 'em thro' a fine Searcer, and add, of Venice Turpentine, New-wax, Bur-
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APPENDIX. 357
Burgundy-Pitch, of each half a Pound; black Pitchy
four Ounces; of the oldefl Oil Olive a Quart; melt and boil all ('bathing the Turpentine,) till they be well incorporated; then take 'em off the Fire, and put in your Turpentine, ftirring it till it be cold. |
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Of the Curb.
A Curb is a long Swelling, refembling a Pear,
upon the back part of the Heel of the Knee of the Hinder-leg, occafioned by carrying great Bur- thens, or Strains when Horfes are young, which weaken the great Sinew. For cure ; apply what- ever is good for a Spavin ; or bind the Hoof ftrait with a broad Incle a little above the Curb; then rub and beat the Curb with a fmooth Hazel-flick; after that thruft out the Corruption, and put into the Hole two Barley-corns of White-Mercury for twenty four Hours. This done, anoint it once a Day wich melted Butter. |
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Of a Jar don,
AJardon is a callous Humor upon the Hough,
caufing Lamenefs, and occafion'd by fuch ix- ercifes as throw the whole weigh; of the R.jJy up- on the Hough, efpecially byfudd: a ftops upon Gal- loping. For the mod part it is Hereditary, For cure; apply a refolvent Plaifter made of Diachylum cum (Summit, Cinnabar, Bdellium, Opopanax, and Am- moniacum, mixt with Oil of Spike, "Turpentine, and new Wax: And afcer the Plaifter has been us'd feven or eight Days, give the Fire, |
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Aa3 Of
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358 APPENDIX.
Of a String-halt.
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H
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Igh-mettled Horfes are fubjedr. to an ugly Di-
ftemper call'd the String-halt, for the rnoft |
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part in the Hinder-Legs; in which they pull up the
affected Leg much higher than the other, twitching it up as if he trod on Needles. For cure ; Take up the middle Vein above, and underneath the Thigh; and under it you'll find a String, which you muft cut away with a fharp Knife; and then anoint the place once a day with the following Oint- ment. Take of the Oil of Worms, Petroleum, Oil of Ner-
val, Piecc-greafe (made of the fhreds of Shoemakers Leather) and Oil If Spike, of each an Ounce; London Treacle? two Ounces; Hog's-greafe, a Pound; melt all together, and after that ftir it till it be cold. Anoint the place every Day for eight days together, hold- ing a hot Fire-pan to the place, to make the Oint- ment fink the deeper. After the inunction, wifp him with a foft Thumb-band of Hay, from the Pa- ttern to the top of the Hoof; taking care to keep him warm, and not to ride him hard for a Month. |
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Of the Bone-fpavin.
THE Bone or Dry-fpavin js a Swelling as big
as a Walnut on the infide of the Hoof, juft under the Joint, and near the Mafter-Vein. 'Tis at firft foft, but in time it grows as hard as a Bone, and flicks veryclofe to the Bone, making the Horfe lame. 'Tis a hard matter to cure it; however you may try the following Remedies, |
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Take
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AP PENDIX. 359
Take equal quantities of Unguentum Apoflolorum
and White-Sublimate, and apply it upon a Pledgit to the Spavin, having firftcaft the Horfe, and open'd and fcal'd the Spavin with a fharp Inftrument; defend the adjacent Parts, efpeciaily the Mafter- Vein, from the Corrofive, by applying dry Lint; and take care you do not touch the Mafter-Vein when you lay open the Spavin. Above the Corro- five lay a Plaifter of Pitch, Rofin, Turpentine and Hog's-greafe, round about the Hoof After twenty four Hours open it, and if the Corrofive has not fufficientiy confum'd it, apply a frefh one. After that drefs the Wound with a warm Salve of Tur- pentine, Deer's-fuet, and Wax. To prevent a Swelling from running into a Spa-
vin, fhave away the Hair about it, and anoint it two or three Days with Natural Balfam •, and then lay on a Charge made of three Ounces of the Oil of Rofes, an Ounce of Bole-Armoniack, half an Ounce of Wheat-flower, and the White of an Egg. |
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Of the Bhod-Jpamn.
TH E Blood or Wet-Spavin is a Swelling on the
Hoof, continually fupplied with Blood from the Mafter-Vein. 'Tis eafiercur'd than a Bone-Spa- vin. The beft Remedy is this: Having fhav'd off the Hair, and taking up the Vein, letting it bleed as long as it will, apply twice a Day a Cataplafm of Cow's-Dung, and bruis'd Linfeed, as hot as it can be endur'd. When this has ripen'd the Spavin, break it, and lay on a Plaifter of Pitch, which mult noe be remov'd till it falls off of it felf. |
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A a 4. Of
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3<So APPENDIX.
Of the Hough-bonny.
HOugh-bonny is a round Swelling on the Elbovy
of the Hoof, proceeding from a bruife, by beating . gainft a Poft, or otherwife. For cure; pull the Sore a little from the Sinew, and pierce it to the bottom with a red hot Iron, fharp at the end like a big Bodkin, and fomewhat bending at the point. Having thruftqutall the Jelly, tent the hole with Flax dipt in Turpentine and Hog's-greafe melted together, and anoint the out-fide with warm Hog's- greafe. Continue thus, making the Tent lefler and lefler till the Sore be cur'd. But above all, the beft Remedy is what follows: Apply to the Swelling, Hay boil'd in old Urine ; and if it comes to Suppura- tion, lance it in the loweft part with a thin hot Iron : When the matter is let out, tent it with a Salve of Turpentine, Deer's-fuet, and Wax, laying above it a Plaifter of the fame Ingredients. |
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Of a Cramp.
A Cramp is the contra&ion of the Sinews of any
one Limb. For cure ; chafe it with Vine- gar and common Oil, and then wrap it all over with ;wet Hay, rotten Litter? or Woolen-cloaths. |
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Of
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APPENDIX. 3<Si
Of the over-fretching or relaxation of
a Sinew. TAke Blood from the Shackle Veins in the Pa-
ttern, then flea a very fat Puppy Dog, of two Months old •, immediately after he is kill'd bruife his Flefh and Bones together, lay them on a Cloth, and bind it clofe to the Sinew-ftrain as warm as you can, having firft bath'd it with Brandy, and taken care to throw away the Dog's Guts. Some prefer a fat Cat us'd in like manner. |
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Of Gaunt-Bellfd or Light-Bell/d Horfes.
IF a Horfe's Belly fhrinks up towards his Flanks,
you may conclude he is very coftive, and af- flicted with much unnatural Heat, and will always be very wafhy and tender, and very unhealthy af- ter hard Labour. In order to cure, you muft know that all Horfes have two fmall Strings, extending from the Cods to the bottom of the Belly, one on each fide. Thefe Strings you muft break with your Fingers, and then anoint the place every Day with Frefh-Butter, and the Ointment Populeon mix'd in equal quantities. |
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Of
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3*i APPENDIX.
Of the Ambury.
AN Ambury is a great fpongyWart full of Blood,
with a Root like a Cock's Stone, happen- ing for the mod part about the Eye-brows, No- ftrils or Privy-parts. For cure ; tie a Horfe-hair (which is much better than a Thread) hard about the Wart, and in feven or eight Days 'twill fall off. If the Wart be fo flat that you cannot bind any thing about it, take it away with a fharp hot Iron, cutting it round about, and fo deep as to leave none of the Root behind; and then dry it up with the Powder of Verdigreafe. In finewy places, where a hot Iron is improper, eat out the Core with White Sublimate, then (lop the Hole with Flax dip'd in the White of an Egg for a Day or two, and at laft dry it up with unflack'd Lime and Honey. |
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Of the Cords.
TH E Cords is a String that runs from the
Shacle-Vein to the Griftle in the Nofe and between the Lip-, or two Strings lying betwixt the Knee and the Body, which run through the Body to the Noftrils, making a Horfe to (tumble and fail. As for the cure ; Ibme take the fharp end of a crook'd Hart's horn,and putting it under the Cords* twine it ten or twelve times about, till the Horfe be conftrain'd to lift up his Foot; then they cut the Cord and put a little Salt into the place. Others draw a Pottle of Blood from the Vein that defcends on the infide of the Leg, and after feven Days wafh him with Beef-Broth. Others again apply a Plaifter ofMuilard, Aqua-Vitse5and Sallet-Oil boii'd together. |
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APPENDIX. 363
And there are fome Farriers that bathe the Horfe's
Legs with the Grounds of Ale, and then rope them up with wet Hay-Ropes. |
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Of the Hungry-Evil.
IF a Horfs fnatches at his Food greedily , as if he
would eat a piece of the Manger, give him Milk mix'd with Wheat-Meal to drink, a Quart at a time, and feed him with Pr vender by little and little at a time. |
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Of the Stag-Evil, cr Palfie in the Jaws.
SOmetimes a Horfe is taken with a Stiffnefs of
the Neck and Jaws, fo that he cannot move 'em, but turns up the Whites of his Eyes ; and at uncertain Intervals of time is feiz'd with a Palpita- tion of the Heart, and beating of the Flanks. If this Difeafe be fpread all over the Body, it ufually Proves mortal. The ordinary caufe, is the Horfe's being expos'd to the Cold after a great Heat. As for the cure; give him foftening Clyfters Morning and Evening, and let him Blood once in two Days, till you fee fome Signs of Amendment. Lay before "im a little Bran, with a great quantity of Water, that it may be as thin as Broth. After the ufe of Clyfters and Bleeding, chafe the Neck and Jaws very hard with equal quantities of Spirit of Turpen- tjne and Aqua-Vitse, united by making. Two Hours after rub the fame parts very hard with the Qinu ^ent of Marfh-mallows. Afterwards continue to apply ^qua-Vitae in theEvening,and the ointment of Marih- ftiallows in the Morning. If the Difeafe affects the \ whole
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364 APPENDIX.
whole Body, give three or four good foftning Gly-
fters every Day ; rub the Horfe's Veins with Oint- ment of Marfh-mallows and Spirit of Wine, and cover him with a Cloth dip'd in Lees of Wine heat- ed, under his ufual Cloths. |
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Of Crepances.
T* H E Crepance is an Ulcer in the fore-part of
the Foot, about an Inch above the Cronet, oc- cafion'd by a hurt receiv'd in leaping over a Bar or ptherwife. Wafh it with warm Wine and Urine, and if 'tis accompanied with a Swelling or Inflammation* apply the White Honey-Charge. Black Soap with Spirit of Wine is a very effectual Remedy. |
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Of the Stones drawn into the Body.
IN a Stoppage of Urine, attended with an In'
flammation of the Neck of the Bladder, fome- times the Horfe's Stones are drawn into the Bell/ by the violent Contraction that the Pain occafions- In this cafe all Diureticks muft be avoided ; and we muft have recourfe to bleeding plentifully in the Flanks, foftning Clyilers, and the inunction of the Sheath and Stories (after the Horfe is call) with an Oil made of Marfh-mallows, Linfeed, and Violet' leaves, boil'd in Oil-Olive, and then mix'd with O of Linfeed; and withal fomenting the parts with the warm Herbs. As foon as the Stones appear, tie 'em about with a foft Leathern Thong : After which make the Horfe rife, and he will both ftaie and dung- In a defperate cafe, exhibit an Ounce and an halt of the Preparation of Antimony, call'd the Angeh' cal Powder, made up into a Ball with Butter an" White Wine. °J |
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APPENDIX. i65
Of the Head-Ach.
HOrfes are fometimes liable to Pains in the Head,
occafion'd by extream Heat or Cold, Blows or noifome Smells. The Signs are, hanging down of the Head, dropping of his Urine, Dimnefs of Sight, fwoll'n and waterifli Eyes. For cure; make him fneeze by Fumigation •, then let him Blood in the Palate, keeping him fading fourteen Hours after. This done, fpurt into his Noftrils Wine in which Euphorbium and Frankincenfe have been boil'd. Others advife to let him Blood three Mornings to- gether, then walk him a while; and after that cloath him, and cover his Temples with a Philter of Pitch. Let him eat but little, and ftand in a dark Stable. |
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Of an Apoplexy or Palfie.
SOmetimes a Horfe will be fo taken, either in the
Neck, that he cannot put his Head down to the Ground, or in the After-parts, that he cannot rife, the Sinews of his Flank being palpably hard. For cure ; anoint his Neck with Oil of Peter, drying it in with a hot Iron, and then wind a little loofely about his Neck, from his Shoulders to his Ears, a Thumb-band of the longeft hotteft Dunghil-Litter. If the Malady lies in the After-parts, lay him upon the Litter of a hot reeking Muckhil, after the parts are anointed, and lay a Cloth over that to keep ir. on, renewing it four times a Day. |
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Of
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S66 APPENDIX.
Of the'falling of the Crejl, Manginefs in th*
Mane, or the jhedding of the Hair, THefe Difeafes proceed from Poverty or over-
riding. Blood-letting and good keeping wi" certainly raife the Creft. Anointing with Butte1" "^nd Brimftone will cure a Mangy-Mane. And the Application of the Afhes of Southernwood mix'" with common Oil, will make the Hair fmooth, thick? and fair |
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Of a Canker in the Nofe, Mouth, or any other
part of the Body. TPAKE equal Quantities of the Juice of Plan-
-*• tane, Vinegar, and Powder of Allom, and anoint the Sore twice or thrice a Day. Of the Poll-Evil.
TH E Poll-Evil fo call'd from breeding in the
Poll, behind the Ears, is a great Swelling of Inflammation, occafion'd by a Briiife or Blow, of the Horfe's ftruggling with a new Hempen Halter- There are fome Poll-Evils in the Head, and fome i° the Neck: But for a general Cure, the following Remedy will ferve ; Shave off the Hair, and appl/ a Plaifter of Black Shoemakers Wax, fpread upon white allom'd Leather, till the Impofthurrief'breaks- Then apply a hot Pultis of White Wine, boiling hoc, rnix'd with the Lome of a Mud-Wall, Straws and all; renewing it once a Day till the Impoft' hume is well. 3 For
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APPENDIX. 167
For a Horfe burnt by a Mare 3 and for the
Colt-Evil THIS is known by the Mattering of his Yard.
For cure ■, Take a Pint of White Wine, in which boil a quarter of a Pound of Roch-Allom j and when it is cool, fquirt it with a Syringe as far into his Yard as you can. If he fheds Seed, give him every Morning a Ball of Turpentine and Sugar mix'd together. Some anoint the Yard with a Salve of the Powder of Avens, and Leaves of Betony ftamp'd with White Wine. |
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2o caufe a Horfe to Pifs, for his Relief in
fame Cholicks. PUT two Ounces of the Syrup of Dialthasa to a
quarter of a Pound of Caftile-Soap •, beat 'em well together, make pretty big Balls, and diflblvc one of'em in a Pint and a half of Strong Beer, fcald- ing hot. When 'tis lukewarm, give it him in a Horn, and let him faft an Hour after. |
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For a Horfe that Galls between the Legs,
thro' Heat or ill Dreffing. TAKE a new Egg, crufh it between his Legs,
and rub the gall'd Places with it, after the Sores are wip'd. |
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&
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3<58 APP END IX.
I'o kill Lice,
TAke the Juice of Beets and Staves-acre, beat-
en together, and anoint the Body all over with it. |
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For a Horfe's Tard that is foul'd or furr d without,
Jo that he pijfes in his Sheath. TAke frefh Butter and White Wine Vinegar,
melt them , then pull out his Yard, take off the Filth, and warn it with the Butter and Vinegar, injecting alfo fome into his Yard. |
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Of the Stiffling.
AHorfe is faid to be Stiffled when the Stiffling-
bone is out of its Place, fo that it flicks more out on the one Side than the other, and the Horfe dares only to touch the Ground with his Toe. For cure; fet a Patton-fhoe on his found Foot, and fo turn him to Grafs ; for that will compel him to tread upon his Lame Foot, and the draining will recal the Stiffling-bone to its Place. Or fwimming in a Mill-Pool or Pond, till he Sweats behind the Ears, will perfect the Cure ; tho' fwimming is im- proper for any other Strain but this. After the fwimming lead him home cloath'd, and peg the op- pofite Foot as long as he ftands in the Houfe : When he is dry, rub in an Ounce of the Oil of Turpen- tine, fhak'd in a Glafs with as much ftrong Beer» tho' this makes it fwell a little for the prefent, yet lc proves an effectual and fpeedy cure. SchrmV'
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APPENDIX. $69
Schmit'i Ointment, very effeSlual in rejloring the
Hoof.
TAke half a Pound of Rofin and a Pound of Oil
Olive, melt them in a Copper Bafon tin'd •, a quarter of an hour after the removal of the Veffel from the Fire, addMaftick and Olibanum in Pow- der, of each an Ounce and an half; ftir the Ingre- dients together about half a quarter of an Hour, and then add half a Pound of common Turpentine, con- tinuing to ftir a little longer to incorporate the whole. At the fame time take half a Pound of Honey, and half a Pint of ftrong Aqua-Vita:, boil them gently till they begin to frnoak, not forgetting to ftir them ; then add Verdigreafe and Copperas, in very fine pow- der, of each three Ounces, ftirring and boiling till all the fubftances be united ; and as foon as the mix- ture is half cold, pour it into the firft Bafon where the Oil is, which ought to be half cold alfo : Mix them together, and immediately add two Ounces of burnt Allum in fine Powder, one Ounce of Orpi- ment, ftirring and mixing them with the reft-, and as foon as they are all incorporated, add Flower of Linfeed and Fenugreek, of each three Ounces, ftir- ring the Mafs till it be almoft cold ; at laft add two Ounces of Aloes in fine Powder, ftirring till it be incorporated with the reft of the Ointment, which will then be compleated, and muft be kept in a Pot. Its colour is not much different from that of jEgypiacum. This Ointment cleanfes, refifts Corruption, heals
and makes a fine Cicatrice •, and this alone may ferve to cleanfe the greateft Wounds, to feparate a Felander, or any other extraneous Body, and draw them out of a Sore; mix the Ointment with an B b • equal
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37o APPENDIX.
equal quantity of Sugar, and apply it cold with a
Bolfter of-Flax. The fame Application is conve- nient when one of the quarters of the Hoof is cut away. Since the Hoof does not always fall quite away
at once, but by degrees, and ufually after confide- rable Intervals; you muft apply this Ointment cold to all the fore and raw Parts -, and if the Flefh grow too faft, or appear frothy, burn the higheft part of it, and then apply the Ointment. This Ointment alfo is very proper for Wounds in
the Withers, and in all other parts of the Body, for it keeps them very clean, and prevents a Gangrene. Thofe who carry Trains of Horfes to the Army,
or travel with a great number of Horfes, fhould al- ways make provifion of a fufficient quantity of this Ointment. And if Farriers had it in their Shops, they would daily make new Difcoveries of its Vir- tues, and lay afide the ufe of the Unguentum Apojiolo- rum, and all drying Powders. The Application of this Ointment, after the ufe of an actual or poten- tial Cautery, and after the Scabs are fall'n off, is a prefent Remedy for all Quitterbones, whether they proceed from outward or inward Caufes. It may be called an excellent kind of ASgyptiacum,
and very effectually reftores and ftrengthens the Sole, when the fuperfluous moifture of the Flefh. hinders its growth. You may cure watry or running Sores in young
Coach-Horfes, by fhaving off the Hair, and apply- ing this Ointment daily. The fame may be alio ufed in the Cure of Pricks or Stubs ; but there are other Ointments more effectual in that cafe. |
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Neat-
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APPENDIX. tft
Neat-Herd's Ointment for the Mange.
TAke burnt Allurh and Borax in fine Powder, of
each two Ounces •, WhiteVitriol and Verdigreafe beaten to a very fine Powder, of each four Ounces ; put them into a very clean Pot, with two pounds of Honey, and boil them over a clear Fire, ftirring all the Subftances together till they be well incorpora- ted. After the Ointment is cold, add two Ounces of ftrong Aqua-forth, keep it well cover'd for ufe, ftir- ring it once a Day, during the firft fix Days. One Application, or two at mo ft, will perform the Cure; but you muft take care that the Horfe may not be able to reach it with his Teeth. If his Tail be Mangy, you muft firft fcrape the place. Sometimes this Ointment, when it is laid on thick,
makes the Skin fall off like Scales, but without any danger, for the Scab may be eafily feparated by an- ointing it with Tallow; after which the Horfe is perfectly freed from the Mange, and even tho' the whole Cuticula, or Scurf Skin fall oif, it will come again with the Hair, rarely leaving any confidera- ble Mark. This Ointment is not only good for the Mange,
but alfo for the Pains, running and watery Sores, foul Wounds and Ulcers, Arrefts, Mules, and other fuch like Sores, which it dries up effectually ; but ic ought not to be apply'd when the Legs are fwoll'n or gourdy ; for after the drying up of the Sores, the Legs remain ftill fwoll'n and full of Humours, which will certainly break forth iri fome other part; and therefore the Humour muft be firft evacuated by the White Honey Charge, or fome other convenient Remedy, and then dry'd up with this Ointment. The fame Remedy cures the Sores in the Urinary
Paffages of Oxen, that proceed from their being Bb 2 naftily
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37i APPENDIX.
naftily kept, and heals Wounds in Horfes, but not
without great Pain and Smarting. 'Tis a fort of JEgyptiacum, of excellent ufe for the healing of foul Sores in the Feet, or any other part of the Horfe's Body. 'Tis ftronger than the Countefs's Ointment, but does not bind lb effectually; and is not inferior to the belt JEgyptiacum, for cleanfing Wounds and Sores, and confuming corrupt Flefh. |
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The Countefs's Ointment, to heal and clofe up the
Sores occajiond by Impojlhumes in the hairy part of the Foot. TAke half a pint of Aqua-Vita, and a pound of
Honey, boil them over a very fmall Fire, in a clean glaz'd Pot, ftirring them with a Slice till the Floney be throughly heated and incorporated with the Aqua-Vita; then add Verdigreafe, Gall, and Ve- netian Borax, of each two Ounces, ftrain'd thro' a fine Searce, with two Ounces of White Vitriol beat- en ; boil them all together over a gentleFire, ftirring them till they be well incorporated, and keep the Ointment for ufe, in the fame Pot, well cover'd. Apply this Ointment cold, on a little Cotton or
Flax ; and, above that, charge the whole Foot with a white or black Reftringent: Thus the Sore will be healed, and the Hoof faften'd to the Skin, after the firft or fecond Application. In this cale, the main fcope of the Cure fliould
be to ftrengthen and bind the upper parts, or to drive the Matter downwards. This may be done by applying the Ointment above, with the Reftrin- gent Charge over it, and dreffing the hole made in the Foot with the Vulnerary Water, the burning Balfam, or the Oil de Merville, orofGabian.
the
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APPENDIX. 373
the Duke's Ointment, proper for all forts of
Swellings accompanied with Heat, or Infam- mations. *~jpAke clear and pure Linfeed Oil, one Pound -,
-*- Flowers of Brimftone, four Ounces; put them into a Matrafs or Glafs Vial with a long Neck, letting it Hand in a moderate fand heat for the fpace of an hour; after which, augment the Heat, and keep it up to the fame degree, till the Flowers be perfectly difTolv'd. In the mean time, before the Oil grows cold, left part of the Brimftone fall to the bottom, melt a Pound of Tallow, or of Boars- Greafe, in another VefTel, with two Ounces and an half of White-Wax; inftead of which, if you can procure Horfe's Greafe, the Remedy will be more effe&ual; but then you muft take four Ounces of Wax, becaufe Horfe's Greafe is not fo thick as the Boar's Greafe. The Greafe and Wax being wholly melted, pour in the Linfeed Oil, and removing the VefTel from the Fire, ftir the Ointment with a flice of Alkanet-Rooc till it be cold. It refembles Ointment of Rofes ; for the Brim-
ftone is fo perfectly difTolv'd, that you can hardly perceive it, otherwife than by the Smell. This Ointment is apply'd cold; it eafes Pain, and af- fuages all forts of Swellings, Blows, Bruifes, &c. in the Withers, Hams, Sheath, and other parts of the Body ; provided it be applied for a confi- derable time. |
|||||
|
Bb 3 The
|
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|
374 APPENDIX.
The fuppurative or ripening Ointment, call''d
Bajilicum. TAke Yellow-Wax, Sheep's Suet, Rofin and
Black-Pitch, of each half a Pound, cut them into fmall pieces ; then put five Pounds of Oil- Olive into a Bafon or Pot •, fet it over a pretty ftrong Fire, and when the Oil is hot, add the other Ingredients ; after they are wholly melted, ftrain the Liquid Mafs through a piece of Canvafs or coarfe Cloth, and then add a Pound of Turpentine, ftirring it conftantly till it be cold : So (hall you have an excellent Suppurative •, with which you may either chafe the Parts that you mean to ripen, or anoint the Tents with it, in order to digeft and ripen the Matter. |
|||||||
|
The Liquid Caujlick.
TAke the Spirits of Salt and Nitre, of each two
Ounces; put them into a Matrafs, and after the ebullition is over, if any happen, add two / Ounces of Quickfilver, and place the Matrafs in a moderate heat, till the Mercury be confum'd or difappear; then add two Drams of good Opium, and you will have an excellent Cauftick, which muft be kept in a Glafs Phial. |
|||||||
|
t¥
|
|||||||
|
APPEND! X.
|
|||||||||
|
175
|
|||||||||
|
The true Ointment of Montpelier.
TAke of the true Ointments of Rofes, Marfh-
mallows, Populeum, and Honey, of each a Pound •, mix them cold, and keep them in a Pot clofe cover'd. This Ointment ftrengthens without Heat, and is proper in all cafes where there is ocv cafion for Charges or Ointments. Note, The Oint- ment of Rofes is often adulterated, by taking Tal- low, coloured red with Alkanet, and warning it in Rofe-Water, as well as that of Populeum, by ad- ding Verdigreafe, to give it a bright green colour, and fo make it more faleable. |
|||||||||
|
An excellent Powder for Purfive Horfes.
TAke three Pounds of Linfeed, and fpread them
in an Earthen Pan •, put the Pan into an Oven^ as foon as the Bread is taken out; fhut the Oven, and ftir the Seed in the Pan once every Hour. Continue after the fame manner to put the Pan into the Oven, immediately after the Bread is taken out, till the Seeds grow dry and brittle, and all their moifture be exhal'd. Then take two Pounds of Liquorice rafp'd, or rather a Pound of the black Juice of Liquorice, which is more effectual, and al- moft as cheap; Annifeeds, half a Pound ; Sage, and Leaves and Flowers of HyfTop dry'd, of each half a Pound; Carduus Benedictus, and Leaves and Flow- ers ofLeffer Centaury, of each four Ounces; Leaves of Long Birthwort, two Ounces; Speedwel and Sa- nicle, of each two Handfuls; Roots of Elecampane, four Ounces; Comfrey, and Roots of Marfh-mallows, or Mallows, of each two Ounces; Gentian, half an Ounce j Mifletoeof the Oak, two Ounces; dry all 3b 4 the
|
|||||||||
|
376 APPENDIX.
the Ingredients in the Shade, reduce each of them to
Powder apart •, mix them together carefully, and preferve the Powder in a Leathern Bag clofe ty'd. Give the Horfe every Morning two fmall Silver Spoonfuls of this Powder in two Meafures of moi- ften'd Wheat Bran, making him faft an Hour and an half after. At Noon and at Night mix a Spoon- ful with his Oats, which muft be alfo moiften'd; and in the mean time give him no Hay, but only good Wheat-Straw. If the Horfe is not eas'd by a methodical ufe of this Remedy, you may conclude his Purfivenefs to be incurable. |
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|
The End of the Appendix.
|
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|
THE
|
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|
TABLE.
|
||||||
|
A.
AG E, how to know it while a Horfe hath Mark, Page ia,
what is necejfary to be kept in Memory for that end, ic. old Horfes labour, eat, andfleep belter than young ones, 17. how to know the Age of a Horfe that is pa/i Mark, fljell- tooth'd, or holloiv-tooth'd, or countermark'd, 17. Signs of old
Age, 18, 19.
Agility, fee Vigour. Amble, its true Motion and Difference from a Walk, 189, 190.
Ambling, how to know if a Horfe ambles well, 6\, 61. the true and eafieft way to make a Horfe amble, 175. Amble and Trot,
both prejudicial to Speed, 158, 159.
Ambury, 362. Anticor, 353. Antimony, its Analyps, 314.
Antimonial Preparations, 313. Golden Sulphur of Antimony, 316'.
Apoplexy, 365. Appetite, how to know if a Horfe has a good Appetite, 68. a good Belly no certain Sign of a good Appetite, 6g. how to preferve it
on a Journey, 74, 75. Appetite loft, 229.
Arched Legs, an Imperfeclion in a Horfe, 31. why Spanifti and Barbary Horfes are commonly arch'd, 31. how to fhoe arch'd
Horfes, fee Shoeing.
Atman/cr a lofs of Appetite, 230. Arrefls, fee Rat-tails. Attaint, 275. Ayres, or artificial Motions of a Horfe defcrib'd, 191. B.
BAck-gall'd, 129. fway'd, 334.
Back-Sinew, its beft Shape, 12. in the Tore-leg it fliould be large, firm, and feparate from the Flank-bone, 31, 32. The Bag wherein the Foal came forth of its Mother's Belly, good a- gainfi all Difeafes under fix Tears old, 151. Balls
|
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|
The TABLE.
Balls for Running Horfes, 154. Markham's Cordial Balls fo much
efteem'd by all Englifh Farriers, 169. Chewing Balls to retrieve the appetite, 231. Cordial Balls, 234, 237. BaLotade defcrib'd, 192. how to perform it, 2,17.
Barbs, 227.
Bans defcrib'd, 2. how they Jhould be fiap'd, 8. if the Bm of the
Month be hurt and heal d up, 'tis a bad Sign, <i. A Bath to preferve a Horfes Legs after a Journey, 79. a Bath to
refolve hard Humours, 7.66. Bay, the moft common of all Colours, 6.3. all bay Hor/e* fo^e black
Tails and Manes, 63. dappled Bay W <&rfc Bay, 63. Beard, its due Qualities, 8.
Beating upon the Hand, how to cure it, 213.
Belly, when well jhap'd, 11. how to know if a Horfe has a. good
Be!]y, 47^ fame horfes have the Shape of a Cow's Belly, 48, 49. how to recover a good Belly, 48. a Caution concerning light-belly'd Horfes, 4%, 49- how to cure gaunt or Kght-beily"d Horfes, 362. Bitt, hoxu to accommodate a Horfe with a Bitt proper for him, 70,
13 j, 139. light Bitts beft upon a Journey, 70. a Defcription of . fachBittsa'saremoftinVfe, 136. of the Lanon-Mouth jointed in
the middle, 136. 0} the Canon with a fafl Mouth, n6. of the Canon with a port Mouth, 137. of the Canon-Mouth, the Liberty after the Form of a Pigeon's Neck, 137. a Scatch-Mouth with art Upfet or mounting Liberty, 137. of a Canon-Mouth, the Liberty after Mr. Pignajxl'* Fafinon, i^ii. gentle Bht-mouths preferable to rude ones, 138. Horfes arm themfelves two ways againft the Operation of the Bitt, 143. how to prevent their fo doing, 143. Bitings of mad Dogs and venemous Creatures, 304. Bitings of Mice,
306. Bitings of Serpents, 307. Blazes divided in the middle crofs-vjays, a Sign of an odd Difpo-
fuion, 67.
Bleeding at the Nofe or Mouth, 246. from a Wound, 300. after
blood-Jetting, 229. Bleymes, what it is, and how it comes, 99, 119. how curd, 355'-
Biindnefs abfolute, how difcern'd, 24, 15. how occafion'd in Foals
by eating Oats, IJ t. Blood ftal'd, 258. Ebullition of the Blood, 327. Blood-running
Itch, 327. Blooding profit-able in many Difeafes, 128. fix Reafons for letting-
blood,l28. the Inconveniences o/letting-blood, 129. what Parts of the Body 'tis proper to bleed in, and upon what Occafions, 129, 130. Precautions to be obferv'd in Blood-letting, 131. how to flop the excefftve Bleeding when a Horfe is bled in the Palate, 130. hovj to adjuji the Quantity and Quality of Biood, 132) '33- Blows, 267, 268.
Body, how to know if a Horfe has a good Body, 47- * light-body'd
Horfe that's fiery, quickly defiroys himfelf, 48. Bones broken, 263.
Botts,
|
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|
The TABLE.
|
|||||
|
Botts, 233.
Bran wet, good for lean Horfes, 81. fcalded Bran good after 'Bleed-
ing, 131. Bran infteai of Gats proper before and after Bleeding, 131. Branches of a Bridle, r 39. rude andgentle Branches and their Effects,
139,140. how to difcover what Branch is proper for a Horfe, 140. a flrait Branch like a Pifiol, 140. a Branch after the Conftable of France'* Fajhion, 140. a Branch after the Form of a Gigot or Leg, 140. a Branch after the Form of a bent Knee, proper for Horfes
which arm themfelves againfi the Operation of the Bitt, 141. a Branch after the French Fafiion proper to raife a Horfes Head, 141. another Branch hardy for the fame purpofe, 141. a Branch
more hardy to bring in a Horfes Head, 143. another Branch more hardy than the preceding, 143. what Branches are mofi proper for (lender Necks and tender Mouths, 144. how to know a rude Branch from a gentle one, 144. Bread made of Sarley and Beans proper for Racers, 153. Nothing is
more apt to furfeit a Horfe than new Bread, 162. Bread to be given to a running Horfe in the fecond Fortnight s Feeding, i6i. Breail-plate, its due Length and Situation, 71.
Brea:h fliort, 509.
Of Breeding, and how to raife a good and beautiful Race of Horfes,
145. the Duke of Newcaftle, the befl Author upon that Subjecl, 144. Brittle Forefeet (hould be anointed upon a Journey, 77-.
Burning by a Mare, fee Colt-Evil.
Burftennefs, 338.
\^.
CAlkins fpoil the Feet, 119. but are convenient in time of Froft,
IF9, 120 Calkins faflfwn'd like the Point of a Hare's Ear, not very dangerous, 87, no. great fquare Calkins are the worfi,
87, no.
Canker in any part of the Body, bow curd, 366. Canon, fee Bit. Capelet, what it is, 35. Capriole, an artificial Motion, 192. how to perform it, 216.
Cavezon, how to fix it, 194, 19 j. fee Inward Rein. Perpetual Cauftick, 349, Liquid Cauftick, 374. Champing on the Bitt, a Token of a good Horfe, 58. Channel defcrib'd, 2. its befl Shapes, 8. Cheft-fbundering, its Caufes and difference from Purfinefs, $2.
Cheft-foundering, 309. Chain, a good Chain makes a thick-headed Horfe light on the Hand, 187.
Chops or Cracks in the Legs, 346". Chryftal of the Eye, when faulty, 22. Cinnabar Pills for Wounds, 294 Circles, the fitft riding of a Horfe upon Circles, 194. Clay blue, good to recover a Horfe s Feet, 79, 80. /: ' ' Clefts. |
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|
The TABLE,
|
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|
Ckfts in the Legs, 346.
Oofed behind, an Imperfeclion in the Hams, 34.
Coach, fome Horfes not proper for a Coach, 30, 48. & Caution to
be obferv d in buying them, 48. the firfi fiioeing of Cozch-Horfes is of Confequence, 97. Cods infitm'd or fwell'd, 337.
Coffin defcrib'd, 3. Coffin-bone defcrib'd, 4. its falling down dif-
figures the Foot, 118. Cold, a great Enemy to Horfes, 1 jo.
Cold with a Cough, 135. with a beating in the Flanks, 235, 236.
Cholick in general, 2$ j, 256. a Cholick from over-feeding,, 250.
Wind OlOlick, 251. Cholick from a glatfy Phlegm, 252. Worm Cholick, 254. Cholick from a fupprefion of Urine, 256. Colour, Obfervatiom upon the different Colours of Horfes, 63.
Colts of one's own Breed not to be made ufe offer Stallions, 149.
when to feparate 'em from the Fillies, 152. Colt-Evil curd, 367.
Cooling Medicines to be cautioufly ufed, 315;, 322.
jl Cord or hollow along the Ribbs, a forerunner of Purfmefs, $0.
Cords curd, 362. Corner Teeth defcrib'd, 2. the Age knoivnby them, 3.
Coronet defcrib'd, 3. how it fhould be fijaped, 12. Ulcers in the
Coronet, 46. Corvet, what Motion it is, 192. how to make Corvets firait for-
wards, all along a Wall, 2rr, 212. Corvets fide-ways, 213. Corvets backwards, 214. Corvets upon the Volts, 214. the Crofs and Saraban upon Corvets, 215. how to change upon Corvets» 225. very dull or -very fiery Horfes improper for Corvets, 216. Couch, how to make a Horfe couch upon his out-fide, 207. :
Cow-dung foftens the Sole, 77. but fpoils the Hoof, 79.
Cough in Foals, 151.
Cough, 307.
Countermark'd, fee Age.
Cramp, how curd, 361.
Crapandine, what it is, 46. how curd, 364.
Crefcents, -what they are, 118.
'Creft fallen, its Cure, 366. Crocus Metallorum, 312.
Crown Scab, (both moift and dry) feliom curd, 34. Crown-Scab,
286. Croup, a Horfe's Croup too much fubjetted by Circles, 202. Croup
1 put too much out, or too much in, how corretled, 205, 206.
Croup,, how it fhould be fbaped, \\, what a Rocking Croup is, $$■ Croupade, what it is, 192. how to perform it, 217.
Crupper, when and how to ufe it, 71.
Curb, what it is, 35. for^rCurbs, 139. how to cure Curbs, 357'
CU'-, fit Interfere.
Dark,
|
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|
The TABLE:
D.
DArk, the darker you keep a running Horfe the better, 160.
Deer-colour, 65. Lieutenants Decodtion, 311. Demy-ayre or Demy-volt, what it is, 191. how to change upon Demy-volts, 209.
A Detergent j or a Gangrene, 299. Difunited Legs, how to put to rights, 191. Dock-piece, how to manage it upon a Journey, 71. Dragon, or white Spot in the bottom of the Eye, 85. Drench, how to prepare and exhibit a Drench, IZ5. Drinking foon 'after hard riding pernicious, 76. Driving mufically, what it is, defcribed, 23. Dull, a Sign of a dull laz.y Horfe, 61. Dung of a Horfe to be obfervd upon a Journey, 78, meiften'd Dung good for a Horfe s Fore feet after (hoeing, 88, 92, 95, 96, 103,
109. flimy and vifcous Dung /hews that a running Horfe is not
duly prepared, 155.
Duft upon a Journey dries a Horfe s Mouth, and fpoils his Appetite, 74. E.
EArs, when well Jliap'd, 5.
Eel-back'd Horfes, 6y. Electuary of Kermes, 233.
Emetick Wine, 241, 314.
Ermin'd white Feet a good Mark, 67.
Eil ence of Vipers, 251.
Eye, how it ffiould be jliap'd, 6. how to judge truly of a Horfes
Eyes, 22. how to know Moon-Eyes, 23. what Colours are mofi fubjeH to weak Eyes, 25. what time Horfes are moft fubjeS to a weaknefs of Sight, 25. fome vulgar Errors about the trying ef * Horfes Eyes, 25. the Eye-p:ts hollow, a Mark of old Age, 6, unlcfs the Horfes be got by old Stallions, 20. Eyes, their Difeafes, 242. Rheums, 242,243- Inflammations, 244,
Bloius or Hurts, 244. Films, 245.- vjeeping Eyes, 244, Moon- Eye, 245. Eye-water, 243. a cheap Eye-water, 243.
F.
FAlls, 334. Falling of the Fundament, 343. Falling upon the
Ground or in the Water corrected, 180. Farcy occajion'd by excejfive feeding after a Journey, 81, Farcin recent, how cur d, 325. inveterate, 326. Faults in Horfes, how difcover'd, 26. l Feather in the Forehead a good Sign, j I, 67. as alfo upon the Ply
of the hind Thith, 67.
Feeding, /«« Running Horfes. Feet, how to know a Horfe's Feet, 4T. fat Feet hard to diftingui/lr,
42. weak Feet, what it is, 44. too long Feet are bad, 45. foun- der d Feet grow fill worfe, 47. White Feet, fee White- Feet to be
|
||||
|
The TABLE.
be prick'd upon a Journey, and flop'd over night with Cow-dung,
*}■}. what is meant by tender Feet, 78. Flat Feet, fee Shoeing. Large Feet apteji to be fpoil'd, 98. Feet, their Dtforders, 280. Feet wafted or fiirunk, 288, 189.
Fevers, 322. Fevers from foundering, 310. Figs on the infide of the Jaw-bone not dangerous, 27. Figs on the Frufh what they are, 39. how to know if a Horfe has had 'em, 39*
Fillets defcrib'd, 3. Fire, the only Remedy for an Ox-fpavin and Jardon, 3 7. 'tis profita-
ble to the Hoof upon many Occafions, 43. Fire, how to give it, 269. Flanks defcrib'd, 3. their due Form, 11. when a Horfe has no Flanks, 47, how to know when his Flanks are out of Order, 49.
Flexible Joints the chief iSjualiiy of a Horfe of manage, 30, 31. Foal, how long a Mare %oes with Foal, and which is the mofi proper time to foal here in England, 146. at what time Foals are to be
wean'd, and how order d, 150.
Foal Tee'h, 2. Food, dry, contributes much to the "Beauty of Horfes, 152, 153.
Foot, its Parts defcrib'd, 3. when it ought to have a Star, j. its Heel ought to be large and open, 41. it ought neither to be too fat,
nor too [mall, 46, 47.
Forehead, how beftfliap'd, rj. Fore-legs, how they fioould be fliap'd, xi. Formes, what they are, 34. they are an uncommon but dangerous Imperfection, 34.
Foundering, Obftruclions in the Lungs occafion'd by Foundering, 309. Fevers occafion'd by it, 310.
Foundering, how to prevent it after hard riding, 80. a Horfe founder'd in the Feet, fiiould neither have his Toes pared, nor his
Heels much taken down, 119.
Fret, fee Cholick. Froth in the Mouth a good sign, 9, 58. effecially if it be white and thick, 58.
Frufh or Frog defcrib'd, 3. how it fiiould befiiap'd, 13, it ought t* be par'd flat, 1 o I.
Frufh fcab'd, 285. Fund, fee Source. Fundament fallen down, 343. -Fuzies dangerous, 33. G.
G Ailing of a Horfe's Back on a Journey, how prevented and
curd, 16. Galling between the Legs curd, 368. Galls on the Back, 299. Saddle Gall, 292. Harnefs Galls, 300._ Gallop, its true Motion, 190, ipr. Galloping before blood-letting unfeafonable, 132. Galloping as foon as the Horfe comes out of the Water prejudicial, 159. Gangrene, 298. Gatherers, the Vfe and Divifion, 1.
Geldings
1
|
||||
|
The TAB L E.
|
||||||
|
Geldings not ft eafily reduc d from fome Tricks, as Stone Horfes, 59.'
Giddinefs, 26a.
Glanders, 239.
Glanders rarely curd, 27.
A Glyfter for Coftivenefs in Running-Horfes, 156.
Glyfters alway beneficial, 125, 12.6. they ought to be given in a
large SUtantity, 126 Purgative Glyfters fhould not be fat, 126. How and with what Precautions to give Glyfters, 116, 127. Glyfters for a Cold with a Beating of the Flanks, 236. for Bleed- trigs, 247. for the Vives, 249. a purging Glyfter for Fevers, 323. a cooling Glyfter for Fevers, 323. a fcouring Glyfter, 341. a binding Glyfter, 342. Go, how to know if a Horfe goes well, 5:5. a vulgar Mifiake con-
cerning it, 55, 56. Going back upon a fir ait Line, how taught, 199. going back in a
Circle, 199. Grafs good, fir young Horfes if they are not purfy, 8r. May Grafs
purges by foftn'mg and foaking the Humours, 122. Gray-colour, 66. Fleabitten Gray, Horfes of that Colour commonly
good, 66. Gray Horfes become white when they growold, 21. brand- ed Gray, light or filver'dGvsy, and fad or poivder'd Gray, 63. black, broivnifli. and dapple Gray, 64. Iron colour d Gray, 66. Grinders defcrib'd, x. -
Grines, fee cholick.
H.
HiEmorrhagy, 245.
Hair-fhedding curd, 366. Sores in the Hairy part of thf Foot, 373. Halt, a Sign of halting, 54.
Halter caft, 352.
Ham defcrib'd, 4- how it fiould be Jhap'd, 13. the Imperfeclion 'tis
liable to, 34 &C. Hand, hozv to correct a Horfe that's hard in the Hand, 194. Hand
has the Preheminence of the Spur, 223. Harnefs Galls. 300.
Haunches, when they are of a juft Length, 56.
Head, when well jhap'd, 4. Headach, 365.
Hens, fee Running Horfes.
Heavy, a Si?n of a Horfe that's heavy on the Hand, 61.
Heel, hi befi Shape, 13. Kib'd-Heels, fee Mules Traverfe. Low
Heels, how difiinguifh'd, 42. narrow Heels, 4$. one fide of tht Heel higher than the other, a Fault, 45. Heel Nails to be drawn after a Journey, and vjhy, 78, 79. Heels are not to be par'd, 82, 84. Low Heels, fee Shoeing. Narrow Heels, fee Hoof-bound. Taking down the Heels prevents Hoof-bound and Bleyms, 99. it helps the bending of the Paflern, 113. and Arched Legs, 115- and treading on the Toes envhe hind Feet, 116. hczv to help un- e^ualHsds, 109. Heelsfcab'd, i8j. Heels,
|
||||||
|
L
|
||||||
|
The T A B L E.
|
|||||
|
Heels, how to make a Horfe obedient to the Heels, zoo.
Hind-leg, its Parts defcrib'd, 4. what are its befi Shapes, 13. 4
Weaknefs in the Hind-leg that is not in the Fore, 40.
Hips firaind or wrench'd, 261. Hoof defcrib'd, 3. its Shape and good Qualities, 13. how to diftin- guijh a bad Hoof, 41. Hoof-bound, 44, 288. its Caufes, 99.
Hoofs, their T>iforders, 280, 370. thin-hooFd Horfes mufi reft
after they are fhod, 42. fome Clefts in the Hoof dangerous, 42.
Its good and bad Qualities, 41. its Thicknefs, 8j. Hoof-Salve,
fee Ointment. Hoof-Salve good for fiat Feet, 91. the Hern of
the Hoot follows the Form of the Shoe, 100.
Honey Charge white, 350. Honey Charge red, 262. Horfes yield Profit and Pleafure, r. the Names of the Parts of & Horfe, 1, 2, &c. the due Shape of the Parts, 4, &c. how to
know if a Horfe be well bodied, 47. two neceffary Qualities in a
good Horfe, 60.
Hough-bonny, how to cure it, 360. Hunting Horfes, how to chufe 'em, 6l. Hurts of all forts, 290. Hydrocele or Cods fill'd with Water, 337. JArdon more dangerous than the Spavin, 37. Jardon and Spavin,
joyn'd by a Circle or hereditary, incurable, 37. they are more to be fear'd in young Horfes than in old, 37. their Cure, 358. Jaw-bones, their due Shape, 6. the Sharpnefs of the nether Jaw-
bone a Sign of old Age, 20. good diflance between the Jaw-bones contributes to the goodnefs of the Mouth, 6. Inceft, no fuch thing among Horfes, 149.
Inflammations, a Cure for'em, 373.
Infufions fimple will not purge Horfes, 123. how to make 'em pur'
gative and exhibit them, 125. Injection for promoting an Evacuation by the Nofe in the Strangles,
235. for the Glanders, 239, 240. Inftep defcrib'd, 4- its due Qualities, 13, 14.
Interfere, four things occafion it, 120. how to flioe Interfering
Horfes, izo. Inward Rein of the Cavezon ty'd to the Girths, or pull'd low, is eX'
cellent for Galloping or Trotting upon Circles of one Tread, and f"r Corvets upon Circles, 203. ty'd to the Pommel of the Saddle, of pull d high, it works his Croup, and is moft proper for terra a terra, 204. howfirait itJJiould be ty'd either to Pommel or Girths, 20J- Journey, how to preferve Horfes found upon a journey, 10. ho'tf
to order them in the beginning of a Journey, 72. fhort Marches beji in the beginning of a Journey, 72. how to manage a Iiorle when you come to your Inn, 73. how to preferve a Horfe after Journey, 78. how to recover Horfes that are harrafs'd and let"* after a long Journey, 80, «, Itch, blood-running, 327. Kernes
|
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|
The TABLE.
|
||||||||||
|
K.
KErnels, loofe and moving between the Jawbones, 16. fix'dliet*
nels, 17. Knee, its beji fhape, iz. J-J.
LAmpas, 226. Lapis infernalis, 349. Lapis mirabilis, 295.
Lean Horfes fatten d, 318. Leannefs occafion'd by Fatigue^ how to remedy it, 80. Leek-heads of two forts, 38, 39. Legs, the Proportion of their Length to that of the Body, 14. fome-
times they are as long at a Tear old as ever, but not always, 14. f)ew to know ruhen they are good, 28. three Marks of bad Legs, 29, 30, 31. broad and fat Legs are beft, 31. other lmperfeclions in the Legs, 31. &c. to 40. what is meant by making life of thi fifth Leg, 70. how to keep the Legs from fivelling after a Journey,, 79. how to recover the Legs going from the Knee to the Coronet in a fir ait Line, 10, 11, &c. how to help arched Legs, 115. how tt> help broken Legs, 263. tir'd,fltff, decay'dLegs, 264, 265. fwell'd or gourdy, 266. lAcehiUd, 368.
Limbs, how to know when a Horfs is well planted on his Limbs, 53<
Lime-water, 295. Line of the Banquet, what it is, 139.
Lips ought to be thin and little, 8.
Liftenings proper in Running, 155.
Litter frefh makes a Horfe ftale, 73.
Long haunch'd Horfes good to climb up Hills, 56*
Long jointed, Imperfection in a Horfe, 29. Lungs olftrutled, 309*
Lying down after Riding, proceeds oftentimes from Pains in the Veet'%
11. a, Horfe muft be fo tied that he may lie down eafily, 78* M.
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M
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Ale, how to make a Mare conceive with a Male foal, 149.
Madnefs occafion'd by bitings, 304. |
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|
Malenders defcrib'd, 53. Malenders, 270.
Manage, 287. Manage, the due Age and Stature of a Horfe defign'd
for the Manage, 187. no Exercife more violent for a Horfe than the Manage, 188. if a Horfe's shoulders be not very eafy arid fupple, he is uncapable of the Manage, 196, 197. Mane, how it fliould be fliap'd, 9, mangy Mane curd, 366*
Mange, 371.
Mares fliould not pifs often ma. Journey, 72. after a long Journey, -
'tis proper to giv em Horfes, 81. when and in what manner a Mare fliould be cover d, 145. how to prepare a Mare/or the Stallion, 148, what Mare to make choice of for Breeding, 149* Mark, fee Age.
Ma(h proper after blood-letting and other lndifpofttions, 131-
Matter running from the Noftrils, how to judge of it, 27^ 28.
Mettle, wherein true Mettle confifts, 48. the difference between high
Mettle and Tierinefs, 59. Middle Teeth or Separators, 2. the Age is known by them, 3.
Molten-Greafe, 328. a Scouring to bring it away, 166,
C c dint-vim
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The TABLE.
Ointment of Montpelier good to make the back Sinews of the Legs
fir etch the more eafdy, no.
Mount, after what'manner a ManJIiould mount and try a Horfe he intends to buy, 60.
Moufc-colour'd or Dun Horfes, the dark with black Extremities are mofi ferviceable, 6 j.
Mouth, its parts defcrib'd, 2. its be/l fliape, 7. how to know if the Mouth be good, 57.
Mules, what Shoes are ufed for them, 113, 116. Mules Traverfe, what Confequence they are of, 39. Mules in the Legs, 345.
A Mufcle near the Plat-vein, the Incifion of which rectifies the Si- tuation of the Pafiern, and cures arched Legs, in, 112, 115. Muzzle, its befi fiiapes, 7. the ufe of Muzzles, and which are the befl, 163.
N.
NAils, the thin and fmall are beft for fhoeing, 81. Directions for
the driving of Nails, 85. what is to be done before they are riveted, 85. what is to be done when the Rivets loo fen, and appear more above the Hoof, 86. Narrow-chefted Horfes have a bad Body, and breath with "Difficul- ty, 47. 48. Neck, when wellfhap'd, 9. Deer-Necks defcrib'd, 9. Nippers, Teeth fo call'd, 2. Noftrils, their beft shapes, 7. O.
OAts given in great Quantity over-heat the Horfe, 69. eating 'em
heartily, is no certain Sign of a good Appetite, 69. they jhould be given both before and after watering upon a Journey, 7 j. a Horfe fhould be left alone when he eats his Oats, 77. how to prevent his eating of 'em too greedily, J-]. Oil of Bays fcalding hot good for the Feet, 80, 108, 119. Oil Carmi-
native for Glyfters, 2 52. Oil de Merveille, 184. Oil of Earth- worms, 264, 26$. An excellent purging Oil, 153. Ointment iEgyptiacum, 195. t-9^- Ointment Bafilicum, 374.
Ointment of Beetles, or black Mzy-worms, 271. Ointment Coachman's, 348. Ointment Connejlable s, 181. Ointment Countefs'?, 373. Ointment Dukes, 373. Ointment Earthworms, 2.64, i6y. Ointment to make the Flefh grow, 296. Ointment Hennites for Wounds, 297. Ointment for the Hoof, 280. Oint- ment Mercurial, 351. Ointment Montpelier, 37j. Oint- ment Neatherd's, 371. Ointment ef Oldenburg, 347. Ointment for Rheums in the Eyes, 244. Ointment Schmit's, 369. Ointment for Strains in the Shoulders or Hips, 161, 163. Ointment for the Strangles, 233. Ointment/or watery Sores, 347. Openings Horfes Heels after the common way pernicious, 82, loo.
how to open 'em when the Sole is taken out, 10j, 106. Offelets, a dangerous Imperfeclion in a Horfe's Legs, 37.
Orvietan, 250.
Overpaffing the Tread of the Fore-feet with the hind, a good Mark for
ambling, but not fir walking, j 5. Qlet" |
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The TABL E.
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Over-reaches, or Calkin-treads, 42. how to help over-reaching,
117. Over reach, 275, 276.
Ox legs, what it is, 32. Ox-feet, what it is, 46. P
PAces, Shuffling and rnixt Paces an ill Sign, 62. the natural
Paces of a Horfe, 189. Pains in the hinder Quarters caufe light Bellies, 48,49. Pains in the Legs, 346. Pain m the Feet diftinguifh'd from Sicknefs, 77.
Palate defcrib'd, 2. lis due fliape, 8. its Drynefs a Sign of old Age, efpeciatly in Mares, 21. how to flop a Bleeding in the Palate 130.
Palpita;ion of the Heart, 319, 320. Palpitation from an exceffivt Heat, 321. of cold Palpitation, 321.
Panton (hoes, good for narrow and low Heels, 45, 88, 103. and to hinder the Sole to grow downwards, 92. and why, 92, 93. they
are good for Flanders Mares, before their Feet are bad, 93, 95.
how to be forg'd, 94, 102. &/j//Panton-ftioes, 100, 101, 107.
how to be forgd and fitted, 107,-108. why Panton-fhoes help
Hoof-binding, 104.
Pare the Feet, fee Shoeing. Paflades, how perform d, 219. how perform d upon a fullCareer, ixo, Paffading with half' bteps mofi proper for Combats, 220, 221.
Paffaging, howperformd, 220, 221. Paffaging along a Wall, lor. Paffaging »/wj Circles, 201. 202. Paffaging f£e Croup is excel-
lent to make a Horfe obey the Hand and Heel, 205. Paftern defcrib' d, 3. It's due Shape, 12. long and flexible Patterns, a great Imperfection, 29. how to help Patterns caflfirwards, ill, 113.
Pattern Joint defcrib'd, 3. when it is faid to be crown d, 30. Pattern Joint fwell'd or gourded, 275. Paftern Veins to be ban d, and how,
89, 90. Peach-flower, fee Bloffom.
Pefate, what it is, 210, without it a Horfe can never go well in any Ayre, tho' it is not to be taught at firfi riding, 210.
Pills, how to make up and adminifier Pills to a Horfe, 125. Pills ef Cinnabar for Wounds; 294. Engliffi Pills for an old Cough, 308.
Stinking Pills, 330, 331. Stomach Pills, 232. Pillars, putting a Horfe between Pillars after he can rife eafdy is -very pernicious, 210, 211. anew Invention to drefs Horfes upon all Ayres,
by the help of onefingle Pillar, 221.
Tinching, what it is, 58. Piroyte, its true Motions, 218. how to affifi it, 219.
Plaifter Vniverfal for all Swellings, 244. Planted, when a Horfe is right planted, 29, 53. Plat-vein, ill. how to flop its Bleeding,
113. Poll-Evil. 366. Potion purging and comforting, 317. An Vniverfal Cordial Pow der, 236. Powder of Sympathy, 296,297. Powder of Worms, 333. An excellent Pow der for purfive Horfes,
375-
Pricks in the Feet with Stubs or Nails inftioeing, or in the Streets, 282. A\ refolving Pultis for the Glanders, zyg. a general Pultis for all Swellings, 274. a Pultis for the Hoof-bound, z8p.
Cci Of
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The TABLE.
jQ/Purging, 122. Purging not to he attemptedwitboM great Neceffity,
\lXi.fome Remedies are rather Laxativethan true Purgatives, 12,3.
Purgatives ought to be given in Subftance, 123. when to purge a.
Horfe, 123, 114. how to prepare a Horfcfor Purgation, 114. how to
manage him while the Purge is in his Belly, 124, how to order after
Purgation, 124.
'A fafe Purge that does not heat the Body, 314. i'uriivenefs, its Forerunners, 50. how to form a jufi Judgment of it, 50. it may be occafiond by a Horfe's not being brought in Wind before
he covers, 146. Purlivenefs cur'd, 309, 375.
Vyt-bA'X Horfes, 64. the lefs white they have the better. 64. Q
Quarters defcrib'd, 3. Imperfections incident to the Hind-quar-
. ters, 14-falfe Quarters, what they are, 41, 107. Clefts in the Quarters, fee Seyms. Quarter behind, 82. Quarters fiirunk,zS^. Quitter-bones, 193, 194. R.
RAifillg of the legs,when good, 5:4. Rzifea Horfe's Head, fee Branch.
Rattails, what they are, 38. Coach-Horfes of a large fize mofi fubjert to them, 38. Rattails, 345. Raving an end, how cur d, 180.
Reins, when tvell fhap'd, it. Reins fwell'd, 304.
»./ Remedy for Rheums in the Eyes, 241. for the Fives, 2,48, 249,
for the Cholitk, 256. for provoking Urine, 257. agamfh a fialing of Blood, 159.to flanch Blood, 300. A Remedy infallible for Madnefs, cccafion d by biting, 305:. rA Remolade y»>- a Blow, 267, 268. for the Hoof bound, 289.
A Reftridive for fiat Feet and round Soles, 90, 91,94.
Redy Horfes, how to manage 'em, 179, iSo.ReRyf ades to be rejected,59..
Ribs, their due Form, 11. Ring-bone, 278.
Ripening Ointment, fee Bafilicum.
Rifing before, the lafi thing a. Horfe fhould be taught, 196, 199*
Rivets, fee Nails.
Roan, a. good Colour, 64. its feveral Kinds, 64.
Rubbing a Horfe's Legs with hard Straw, is good when he is cdd, 74;
but very pernicious.immediately upon his being put into the Stable, 7 3. Rubican, a pfixt Colour, 6$.
Rude Motions in a Horfe to be oppos'd, 194.
Running Horfes, how to chufe 'em, 153, i$7. the ancient Method
' , of preparing them, 15:3- the Duty of the Rider upon a Race, ij6.
the modem way of preparing Running Horfes, 157. the timers- quir'd for Preparation, 157- the firji Fortnights Feeding of an Horfe, who is foul, or newly taken from the Grafs, 158. the fecond Fortnights Feeding, 161. the firft Bread, ifo, what Muzles are bejl for Race-Horfes, 163. fomc things to be obferv'd in giving of Heats, 164. two excellent Scoarings, either of which may be giveti Wter a Heat, 166. how (o order him after the Scouring, 167. the fhird Fortnight's Feeding, 169. the fecond Bread, 169. how and in What;
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The TABLE,
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■what Cafes to exhibit Markham'* Cordial Balls, x6g, T70. the
fourth and laft Fortnight's Feeding, 170. fome ufeful Obfsrvatkni ■while a Hcr,e is preparing for a Match, 173. *A Rupture, 338. S.
S Addle, how to know if it refis equally upon the Borfe's 'Sack, 70.
the mofi proper Stuffing for Saddles, 71. how to contrive their shape, 71. Saddle Gall, 292. Sal Polychreft for Horfes, 315. for Men, 316.
Scouring, fee Running Horfes.
Scratches, 277- Scratches fometimes takeaway a Horfe's Belly, 49.
Seat of a Man on Horfeback, 193.
The Secret of raifing fine Horfes in cold Countries, 152.
Seeling, a certain Sign of old Age, 21.
Selenders, vjhatthey are, and when to be fear d, 37. Selenders,270.
Senfe, the difference between Jicklifhnefs and a quick Senfe, 59.
Sevil and Sevil hole, 139, &c.
Seymes, incident to hoof-bound Horfes, and from what Caufes, 4$,
46. how to know 'em, 46. how to help'em, 107, 108, 109, 356. Shaking of the Head and Ears correcled, 179. Shank defcrib'd, 3.
gharp things purge, 123.
Shell-tooth, fee Age.
Shoes fiiould be put on fome days before a 'Journey, 70. how to know
noon a Journey whether they reft upon a Horfe s Soles, 77- the Art of fhoeing all forts of Feet, 81. four Rules to be obferv'din flioeing, 82. the lighteft Shoes are the beft, 85. thick Shoes are fooneft loft, 83. how to pare the Feet, fit the Shoes, and drive the Nails, 83. how to (hoe Horfes that have low Heels, 86. how to fhoe low and narrow Heels, 86, 87, how to keep a large and fat Frufh from touching the Ground, 87. how to (hosHeels low and narrow near the Shoe, though theFrufli be large, 87, 88. how Heels with a, large Frufh can~ not be helped by fhoeing, 88. how to (hoe fiat Feet and high and round Soles, 89. vaulted and hollow Shoes pernicious, 90, 93,94,9^. fhoeing at the change of the Moon caufeth the Hoofs to grow, 91, 92. 104. Panton-fhoes, fee Pantons. How to ihoe hoof-bound Horfes, 98. how to (hoe a hoof-bound Horfe before a Journey, 104, ioj. how to (hoe a hoof-bound Horfe that halts to the Ground, 105. how to fhoe Horfes that have falfe Quarters, 107. how to (hoe Horfes whofe lore-Legs from the Knee to the Coronets go in a fir ait Line, and thofe whofe Paftern Joints bend too farforwards, no. how to fhoe Horfes which have archd Legs, 115. Plaunche Shoes madeufeof for Mules, 115, 116. how to fhoe Horfes that tread only on the Toes of their hind Feet, and fuch as ftumble, n6-how to fhoe an Horfe that over- reaches, 117. how to fhoe Horfes that have been founder d in the Feet, 119. how tofaoeHorfes which cut or interfere, 120. Short-jointed Horfes apt to become firait upon their Members, 30. Shoulders, how they fhould be fhap'd, 10. Shoulders of a Horfe, how fuppl'd, 194. how to bring in the outward Shoulder, 196.
Shoulders wrench'd, fplait, or firain'd, 261. Signs
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The TABLE.
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Signs of Sicknefs m Horfes, 22$.
Sinew overftretch'd, 361. Sitfaft, 291.'
Skittifh Horfes hovj to manage 'em, 181.
Small Snaffles heft for Running Horfes, 156.
Sole of the Foot defcrib'd, 3. when well-fhap'd, 13. Crown'd Soles,
■what they are, 44. upon thin weak Soles the Shoe muft not re/l, 8 j.
Soles round and high, fee Shoeing, the Soles of halting Hoof-bound
Horfes muft be taken out, ioj, 106.
Sores, watery in the Legs, 346. Sorrel Horfes, moft of 'em are good, 64. ttnlefs their "Flanks are pale, and their Extremities white, 65. the difference of Sorrels conjijls in
the Colour of the Manes and Tails, 64.
Sow-backs defcrib'd, 48. Source or Fund, what it is, 63. Spanilli Horfes not the beft Stallions, I4y. Spavin, -what it is, 36. Ox-Spavin not ea/ily perceiveable, 36. Dry-Spavin oftentimes degenerates into the Ox-Spavin, 37. a Curt
fir both, 359, 360.
A Specifick/w all Cholicks, 2jy, 2 $6". Spients, what they are, 32. ftVi-Splents, 32. a Splent joining to the Knee lames a Horfe, 33. Double Spients dangerous, 35. Spients,
27r.
Spunge of the Heel, what it is, 84. it muft neither be too long nor too fhort, ibid, how they are to be placed, ibid, if great and thick they
fpoil the Heel, 88.
'A Sponge to keep Wounds open, 293. Spurs, Obedience to the Spurs a neceffaty Quality of a good Horfe. 60. Difobedience to them a [ign of a crofs dogged Nature, 359. BloJJom-
tolourd Horfes rarely obey 'em, 64. how to make a Horfe anfwer the
Spurs exactly, 200. Spur ufed as a help when a Horfe flacks upon
terra a terra, or obeys not the outward Leg enough, 213. Spurs a
Correction for many things, if ufed with Dtfcretion, 223. but given
out of time they make Horfes refty and vicious, 114.
Stag-Evil, 363. Staggers, 259. Staling often to be encourag'd in Horfes, hut not in Mares, 72. moft
good Horfes itale when they are fir ft put into the Stable, 73.
Staling of Blood, 258. Stallion, what Horfes are fltteft for Stallions, 145:. how to order <* Stallion, 146. the Stallion and Mare ought to feed alike, 147. the
Age of a Stallion, 148. Stallion Colour, 64.
Stars in the Forehead, a good Mark in Horfes that are not white or gray, 68. how to knoiv when they are made by tfst, ibid, the way
of making them, ibid. Starting remedied, i"i$.
Stay of the Legs, when good, 54. A Steel Medicine for Worms, 333*
Step and Leap, its motion, 192. how to perform it, ill- Stiffle defcrib'd, 4. Stirling curd, 368. Stirrup-leathers, how to prevent their galling of the Horfe's fides, 71,7*-
Stomach-S&itf/ bred in the Stomachs of Foals, occajiomng a Coughs how cm'd, 1 j 1. -~ Stones
3
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The TABLE.
Stones fwell'd, 336. Bruis'd or hard, ^yj- Stones drawn into thi
Body, 364 Stopping of a Horfe, bow to be done, 198. how to ftop upon a Trot
or Gallop, ill. Stopping upon a Gallop) dangerous, before a Horfe be accujiomed to ftop upon a Walk or Trot, 200. Straight, when a Horfe isfaid to be ftraight upon his Members, 28, 19.
Strains, z6r.
Straitning, or clofmg too much, how to prevent it, 19 j.
Strangles, 231.
Straw, cut andmixt with Oats, wholefome Food, 81.
Stringhait, its cure, 358. Stubs in the Toot, 282.
Swaying of the Back, 334.
Swellings on the Back occafiond by the Saddle, how difcoverd and
curd, 76. Swellings on the Legs, 7.66. Hard Swellings of long /landing, ibid. Swellings following ill-cur d Sinew Sprains, 268. Swellings incurable by common Remedies, 169. Swellings occa- fion'd by Blows, 267, 268. Swellings in the Withers, 301, 303. Swellings on the Reins or Back, 304. Swellings in the Legs occa- fiond by watry Sores, 348, 35 I. Sulphur of Antimony, Golden, 316.
Super-purgation, 343. Surbated Feet, 281.
Sympathy Powder, 277, 296.
Syringe better to give Glyjlers with, than a Horn, 127.
T.
TAil, its due Qualities, 12. Its Joynts, no certain fign of old
Age, 20. Taite, how to judge of Blood by its Tafte, 134.
Teeth, their divifion andnumber, 2. A Mare has fewer than a Horfe, •$.
Teignes, what it is, and how it comes, ior.
Terra a Terra, what motion it is, 191. The true method to make a Horfe
go Terra a Terra, 206. The fquare preferable to a Circle for Terra a Terra, 208. TheBridle-handmufi be low, and not high for Terra a Terra, 208. How to change hands uponTenz^T em, 209. Thigh or Gaskin defcrib'd, 4. When well fhaf'd, 13.
Tick, what it is, 69. Tiger-colour, 65.
,Toe, treading only on the Hind-Toes to be remedied by methodical Shoe^
ing, 41. T'oe before, and Quarter behind, a Rule in Shoeing, 82. Tongue, how it fhould be fliaf d, 7.
Tramel for Ambling, the form of it, 17 j. Travel, See Journey,'
Tread, when good, 54. fee Toe. Trot, its true motion, 190.
Truncheons, 333. Tumors, See Swellings.
Tufhes defcrib'd, 2. Mares feldom have any, ibid.
Tyr'd Horfes, 317.
U.
URine, its immoderate Flux, 257. its Stoppage, 368;
Variffe, an imperfeclion in the Hams, 35, 36. Veitigon, defcrib'd, 35. Vices in Horfes, how prevented and remedy'd, 179, Vigour,
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The TABLE,
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Vigour, how to judge of, j8.
Vives, Z48. W.
WAlk, the true motion of a Horfe's Legs upon his Walk, 189.
Walks, how to knowwhena Horfe walks well, $5. What it is to •ffiik lightly, furcly, quickly and eafily, 55. Walking a Horfe af- ter he has taken a Glyfter, unfeafonable, 12.7. Warts, See Leek-heads and Figs. Warts in the Legs, 345.
An Excellent Water jor Pains and Warts, 348.
Water, zvhen good and proper to be given on a Journey, ji. Water-
ing Courfes are pernicious, ibid. In Watering a Horfe's Draught fhould be interrupted feveral times, ibid. Whether a Horfe (liould be watered before or after his Oats, 74, 75. What Water is beft, and how to correH the fliarpnefs of feme Waters, 75. Waters or Humors in the Legs return after apparent difcuffien, 40. In
Winter their Cure is difficult, ibid. Watery Sores in the Legs, 346.
Weaning, See Foals.
Wet upon theEars and Neck very prejudicial toRace-Horfes, 165.
Whc&t-Aicaves unthrejh'd, a proper Food for Running-horfes, 153.
Wheezing, different from Purfinefs, 51.
White Horfes black about the Eyes and Nofirils fome of 'em very good,
66. White Feet, Obfervations drawn from them, ibid. Ermirid White Feet, an excellent Mark, 67. Winching, how to remedy it, tig.
Windgalls, 270, 174. Windgalls, a fign that a Horfe's Legs have
been too mw.h us'd, 32.. If they have any coherence with the Nerves, they are incurable, 40. Winter, warm houjing in Winter contributes much to the beauty of a
Horfe, i$z, 153. Withers defcrib'd, 3. Their due fhape, p, 10. Withers hurt 3
301. Wolf-colour, of tvjo kinds, 6j.
Wolves-Teeth, 117.
Worms, 333.
Wounds of all forts, 290.
Wounds preceded by Tumors, 3or.
Wounds in the Mouth, 128, 229.
Wrenches or Strains, i6t.
Wry-neck'd Horfes how corrected, fjOi
Y.
YArd foul or fund, a cure for it, 368.
Yellow Water, 295:. Young Horfes nut fo fabjecl to tread on the Toss of their Hind-feet as old ones, 116. Young Horfes are not fit for the Manage, 188. They fiould wwr be much frefs'd to any thing, 2II. The End of the Table,
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