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Lane's. Ediù'???,
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IK()-vt:T SPÌE/C E
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TAPLIN IMPROVED*
OR. A •
COMPENDIUM of FARRIERY,
WHEREIN IS FULLY EXPLAINED
The Nature and Strutture of that ufeful Créafur«
a HORSE; with the Difeafes and Accidents he is liable to; and the Methods of Cure. Exemplified fay Ten Elegant Cuts,
EACH THE FULL FIGURE OF A HORSE.
Defciibii\g all the various Parts ofthat Nob'le Animal.
LIKE W I S E
KULES for Breeding and Training of COLTS:
Practical Receipts for the Cure ot Common Dif- tempers incident to OXEN, COWS, CALVES, SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, &c. TO WHICH IS PREFIXES
TEN M1NUTSS ADVICE TO THE PURCHASERS
OF HORSES. By an EXPERIENCED FARRIER.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM LANE, AT THE
S©inert>a»l!3ref0,
LEADENHALL-STREET.
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M.nce.xcvi.
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E
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JP jR E F j1 C E,
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ct'HE fclloiving Treatife was compiled ivith intent
to guard the iwwary from deceptions in the pur- chafe, as 'well as to refreßi the memory of gentlemen, better acquainted ivith the requijite qualification < oj that noble animal the Horfe. The remarks are drawn from long, and, is feme
inflances, dear-bought experience, in ihefnares vohich jockies and grooms in general lay before thofe ivho are under the neceßty of dealing ivith them. The Author, therefore, prefumes to hope, that the
attempt is praife-ivorthy ; and if in an inßance he is found mißaken, the favour of any further hint for the impro'vement of a future edition, addrejed to the publisher, --will be most thankfully received, and pro- perly attended to. Havingpremifed thus much, it ?nay not be thought
improper, by way of introduction, to cbferve, |
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That
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A»
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to PREFACE.
That a large fiin Bone, that is long from the knee
io the paß em, in a foal, flews a tall horfe. Double the fpace in a foal, new foaled, betwixt
his knee and withers, will, in general, be the height of him whan a complete horfe. Foals that are of flirringfpirits, wanton of difpa-
fiiou, aElvut in leaping, running, and chafing, ever leading the way, and flriving for maßery, always prove horfes of excellent mettle ; and thofe of the con- trary dispoßtion mofl commonly jades. Before I enter on my particular obfervations, ri
may not be unneceffary to give one general rule, which experience has proved to be a good one, that is, No Foot, no Horse. A horfe's ability, and continuance in goodnefs, is
known by his hoofs. If they are ftrong, fmootb, hard, deep, tough, up-
right, and hollow, that horfe cannot be a very bad one; fir they are the foundation of his building, and give a fortitude to all the refi; and if oiberwife, he cannot be remarkably good or laßing. Without further preface, I flail therefore pro-
teed to the following particular remarks and obfer- <vétli*m. |
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TAPLIN IMPROVED -,
O R
Advice to the Purchafers of Horfcs.
NOTHING is more täte than the common
obfervation, that in the art of horfemanfhip, the moft difficult part is that of giving proper di- rections for the purchafe of a horfe free of fault and blemifh. The deceptions in this branch of traffic being looked on in a lefs fradulent light than they feem to deferve, and of confequence are more frequently praclifed. It fhall therefor« be my buiinefs in the following brief remarks, to Ihew, in the bed manner I am able, the imper- fections which, from either nature or mifchance, every horfe is liable to. In the Stable.] See the horfe you are about to
purchafe in the ftable, without any perfon. being in the flail with him; and if he has any complaint in his legs he will foon (how it, by altering the fituation of them, taking up one and fett'mg down the other, and this denotes his being foun- dered or overworked. On ordering him out, let no one be the laß in
the ftable but yourleif; you fhould alfo, if pof-
fible, be the firft in, left the owner, or fume of
Ms quick emilfaiiea, take an opportunity to fig.
A & him j
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6
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ADVICE TO THE
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him ; a practice common among dealers, in order
to make the tail fhew as if carried very high, when, in reality, the day after, he will in appear- ance be five pounds worfe. The Eyes.] This is the proper time to examine
his eyes, which may be done in a dark liable with a candle, or rather in the day-time when he is led from the flail; caufe the man who leads him to ^lop at the flable door juft as his head peeps out, and all his body is fiill within. If the white of thys eye appears reddifh at the bottom, ©r of a colour like a whithered leaf, I would rut advife you to purchafe him, A moon-eyed horfe is known by his weeping and keeping his eyes aJritoft ftut at the beginning of the diftemper: as the moon changes, he gradually, recovers his fight, and in a Fortnight or three weeks fees as 9 before he had the*"diforder. Dealers, have fuch a horfe to fell, at the time • ys tell you that he has got a bit 61 draw or fiay in his eye, or that he has received funic blow; they alfo take care to wipe away the humour, to pi event its being feen: but a man fhould truftonly himfelf in buying of hor- fes, and above all be very exaft in examining the eyes: in this he muft have regard to time and place where he makes the examination. Bad eyes may appear good in winter, when fnow is upon the ground ; and often good ones appear bad, according to the petition of the hurfe. Never examine a horfe's eyes by the fide of a white wall, where the dealers always choofe to fhew cne that is mcon-eved. Tha
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»UIUHASERS OF HORSES. *}
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The moon-eyed horfe has always one eye big-
ger than the other, and above his lids you may generally difcover wrinkles or circles. If you obferve a flefhy excrefcence that pro-
ceeds from the corner of the eye, and covers a part of the pupil, and is in fhape almoft like the beard of an oyfter, though feemingly a matter of no great confequence, yet it is what I call a Widow in the eye, and if fuffered to grow, it draws away a part of thenourifhment of the eye, and fometimesocsafions a total privation of fight. On the contrary, if the eyes are round, big, black, and mining: if the black of the eye fill the pit, or outward circumference, fo that in the moving very little of trie white appeareth, they are figws of goodnefs and metal. The eye which in general is efteemed the beft, is that which is nei- ther fmall nor large; but be fure to obferve that the chryftaline be thoroughly tranfparent, for without that, no kind of eye can be faid to be good. Countenance.] After having carefully fatisfied
yourfelf as to his eyes, let him be brought out, and have him ftand naked before you; then take a Ariel view of his countenance, particularly ■with regard to the cheerfulnefs of it, this being an excellent glafs to obferve his goodnefs and beft perfections. Be careful you are not deseived by the marks in his face, as frequently a good- looking fhr is made of cat's fkin. If his ears be fmall, fharp, fliort, pricked, and moving; or if they are long, but yet well fet on, and well car- lied, it is a mark of goodnefs; if they are thick, A 4 laved, |
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ADV-ICE TO THE
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laved, or lolling, wide fet, and unmoving, they
are figns oTdullnefs, and of an evil nature. A lean forehead, fwelling outward, the mark
ätber in his face fet high, with a white fhr tirraich of an indifferent fize, and-even placed, or a white fnip on the nofe, or lip, they are alj marks of beauty and-goodnefs: on the contrary, a fat, cloudy, or frowning countenance, the mark in his face Handing low, as under his eyes, if hi? fiar or rätch fond awry, and infiead of a fnip his nofe be raw and unhairy, or his face generally »aid, they are figns of deformity. Strangles.] Handle his cheeks, or chaps, and
if you find the bones lean and thin, the fpace wide between them, the thraple or wind-pipe fcig as you can gripe, and the void place without knots or kernels, and the jaws fo great that the .11 eck feemeth to couch within them, they are all figns of great wind, courage, foundnefs of %iead and body : on the contrary, if the chaps are ■fat and thick, the fpace between them clofed up with grofsfubflance, and the thrapple little, they are figns of fhort wind and much inward foulnefs. Should the void place be full of knots and kernels, beware of the flrangles or glanders, the former of which may be eafily discovered by a fwelling be« tweeri she two nether jawbones, which difcharges a white matter. This diforder ufually appears about three, four, or five years old; there is no young horfe but what is fubjecf. to it, either per- fectly or imperfectly; there is alfo a diforder which is called the Baftard flrangles, which ap- pears fomeiimes like, and fometjmes different |
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purchasers of horses. 9
from the true ftrangles. The baftard ftrangles
are what proves the horfe has not thrown oifhis true ftrangles but that fome foul humours are ftill left behind; this diforder may come at four, five, fix, or even feven years of age. A continual lan- gourat work, and feemingly perpetually weary, without any vifible ailment, is a certain fign that he is not clear of this diforder, which fometimes will affect, the foot, the leg, the ham, the haunch, the fhoulder, the breafl, or the eye, and without care in this latter cafe, may corrupt the pupil of the eye, as the imall pox does in men. MorfounileringJi There is alfo another diforder,
much like the ftrangles, which is called Morfoun- dering, and appears by a running at the nofe, but. the fwelling under the jaws is lels.. Glanders.] The glanders are difcovered by a
running at the nofe, either on the one fide or the other: feel if he has any fiat glands fattened to the nether jaw, which give him pain when you pref.' them; and remember that a running at one noftril is worfe than at both» Vives.] When the jaws are ftrait, that the
neck fwelleth above thern, it is a fign of fhort wind; but if the fwelling be long, and clofe by his chaps, like a weftone, then be fure he has the vives, which is a diftemper molt frequent in high mountainous countries, efpecially to hories that are not ufed to the crudities produced in the ftomach by the fpring and fountain waters that rife in hilly grounds:: Handing waters, or thofe of very little current, are the leaft danger- ous, and feldorn caufe the vives; but very deep, wells are bad» A 5 Nojlrils,}
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ADVICE TO THE
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10
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Nrfirils.] If his noflrils be open, dry, widey
and large, fo as upon any {training the inward rednefs isdifcovered; if his muzzle be fmall, his jnouth deep, and his lips equally meeting, they are figns of health and wind: but fhould his nof- trils be ftraight, his wind is then little. Should you find the muzzle to be grofs, his fpirit will be duilj If his mouth be (hallow, he will never carry the
bit well: and if his upper will not reach his under lip, old age and infirmity mark him for carrion. Age.] Refpecling the age of a horfe that is
fit for work, he fhould have forty teeth: twenty- four grinders, which teach us nothing; and fix- teen others, which have their names, and dif- cover his age. As mares ufually have no talks, •their teeth are only thirty-fix. A colt is foaled without teeth; in a few days he puts out four, which are called pincers, or nippers; foon after appear the four feparators, next to the pincers: it is fometimes three or four months before the next, called Corner teeth, pufh forth. Thefe twelve colt's teeth, in the front of the mouth, continue, without alteration, till the colt is tws years, or two years and a half old, which makes it difficult, without great care to avoid being im- pofed on during that interval, if the feller finds it is his intereft to make the colt pafs for either younger or older than he really is; the only rule you have then to judge by is his coat, and the hairs of his mane and tail. A coalt of one year has a fupple, rough coat, reiembling that of a water fpaniel, and the hair of his mane and tail feel like flax, and hangs like a rope wntwifted; 1 whereas
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PURCHASERS OF HORSES.
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whereas a coalt of two years has a flat coat, and
firaight hairs, like a grown horfe. At about two years and a half old, fomctimes
fooner, fometimes later, according as hehas been fed, a horfe begins to change his teeth. ' The pincers, which come the firft, are alfo the firft that fail; fo that at three years he has four horfe's and eight colt's teeth, which are eafily known apart; the former being larger, flatter, and yel- lower than the other, and ftreaked from the end quite into the gums. The four horfe pincers have, in the middle of
their extremities, a black hole, very deep; where- as thofe of the colt are round and white. When the horfe is coming four years old, he lofes his four feparators, or middle teeth, and puts forth four others, which follow the fame rule as the pincers. He has now eight horfe's teeth and four colt's. At five years old he fheds the four corner, which are his laft colt's teeth, and is called a Horfe. During this year alfo, his four tufks, which are
chiefly peculiar to horfes come behind the o- thers; the lower ones often four months hefove the upper; but whatever may be vulgarly thought, a horfe that has the two lower tufks, if he has not the upper, may be judged to be under five years old, unlets the other teeth fhew the con- trary : for fome horfes that live to be very old never have any upper tufks at all. The two lower tufks are one of the moft certain rules that a horfe is coming five years old, notwith- ftandirig his colt's teeth may not be all gone. A 6 Jockies
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/ Operatrortjhr TrTfrqra or Sfergspers
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ADVICE TO THE
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12
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Jockies and breeders, in order to make their
colts feem five years old when they are but four, pull out their laft colt's teeth; but if all the colt's teeth are gone, and no tufks appear, you may be certain this trickfias been played: another arti- fice they ufc is, to beat the bars every day with a wooden mallet, in the place where the tufks are to appear, in order to make them feem hard, as if the tuTks were juft ready to cut. When a hoife is comingfix years old, thetwo
lower pincers fill up, and inftead of the holes above mentioned, fhew only a black fpot. Be- twixt fix and feven the two middle teeth fill up In the fame manner; and between feven and eight the corner teelh do the like; after which it is laid to be impcffible to know certainly the age of a horfe, he having no longer any mark in the mouth. You can indeed only have recourfe to the
tufks, and the fituation of the teeth, of which I Shall now fpeak. For the tufts you.mult with your finger feel
the infide of them from the point quite to the gum. If the trunk be pointed flat, and has two little channels wi thin fide, you may be certain the hoife is not old, and at the utmoft only coming ten. Between eleven and twelve the two chan- nels are reduced to one, which after twelve is quite gone, and the tulks are as round within as they are without; you have no guide then but the fituation of the teeth. The longed teeth are not always a fign of the greateft age, but their hangingover and pufhing forward; as their meet- ing perpendicularly, is a certain token ef youth. Many
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ITfRCHASERS OF HORSES. S3
Many perfons, whilft they fee certain little
holes in the middle of the teeth, imagine that fuch horfes are but in their feventh year, without re- gard tothefituation the teeth takeastheygro old.. When horfes are young, their teeth meet per-
pendicularly, but grow longer, and puih forward vvith age; beiides the mouth of a young borfe is very fiefhy within the palate, and his lips are firm and hard: on the contrary, the infide of an old horfe's mouth is lean both above and below, and feems to have only the flcin upon the bones. The lips are foft and eafy to turn up with the hand. AH horfes are marked in the fame manner, but
fome naturally, and others artificially. The na- tural mark is called Begne; and fome ignorant perfons imagine fuch horfes are marked all their lives, becaufe for many years they find a little- hole, or a kind of void in the middle of the fepa- rators and corner teeth, but when the tufks are grown round, as well within as without, and the leeth point forward, there is room to conjecture,. in proportion as they advance irom year to year» what the horfe's age may be, without regarding 'the cavity above mentioned. 1 he artificial manner is made ufe of by dealers
and jockies, who mark their horfes alter the age of being known, to make them appear only fix or feven years old. They doit in this manner: They throw down the horfe to have him more at command, and with a fteel graver, like what is aied for ivory, hollow the middle teeth a little, and the corner one fomewhat more; then fill the h< (es with a little rofin, pitch, fulpher, or fome grains
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1£ ADVICE to THI
grains of wheat, which they burn in with a bit of
hot wire, made in proportion to the hole. This' operation they repeat from time to time, till they give the whole a lading black, in imitation of na- ture ; but in (pite ot all they can do, the hot iron makes a little yellowifh circle round thefe holes, like what it would leave upon ivory: they have therefore another trick to prevent detection, which is \o make the horfe foam from time t» time, after having rubbed his mouth, lips, and gums with fait, and the crumbs of bread dried, and powdered with fait. This foam hides the circle made by the iron. Another thing they cannot do, is to counterfeit
young tufks, it being out of their power to make thofe two crannies above mentioned, which are given by nature: with files they may make them. fharper or flatter, but when they take away the fhining natural enamel, fo that one may always know, by thefe tufks, horfes that are part feven, till they come to twelve or thirteen. As the de- fects of the mouth may deftroy a horfe without any diftemper, I fhall here juft defcribe the barbs, the lampas, giggs upon the lips, and gagg-teeth. Barbs.] For the barbs, look under his tongue,
and fee if he has not two flefhy excrefcencesonthe under palate, like little bladders. It feems to be a mere trifle, but thefe however will hinder a horfe from drinking as ufual; and if he does not drink freely, he eats the lefs, and languifhes from day t» day, perhaps without any one'stakingnotice of it. Lampas.] The lampas is known by opening the
horfe's mouth, and looking at his upper palate, to fee if the flefh comes down below the inner teeth;
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/■/.J) sj //J.
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PURCHASERS OF HORSES. If
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teeth: this gives him pain in eating his oats, and
even his hay, when it is too harfh; though he can very well manage bran, grafs, or kind hay. Giggs upon the lips.] When you have looked in
the horfe's mouth, without finding either of the two diforders above, turn up his lips, both upper and under, and perhaps you may find feveral fmall elevations, like little white blifters, which make the infide of the lips uneven. This defeft may be felt with the finger, and is what hinders horfes from eating as ufual; and that is what is called Giggs upon the lips. Gagg-teeth.] Gagg-teeth is a defect that rarely
happens to young horfes, and is to be difcovered by putting the colt's foot into the mouth, and looking at the large grinders, which in this cafe appear unequal, and in eating catch hold of the infide of the cheeks, cauling great pain, and making them refufe their food. His breaß.] From his head look down to his
breaft, and fee that it be broad, out-fwelling, and adorned with many features, for this fhews ßrength; the little, or fmall breaft, fhews weak- nefs, as the narrow one is apt to Humble. The Anticor or Antkow.] Put your hand be-
twixt his four legs, and feel if he has a fwelling there from the fheath quite up between the fore- legs; fuch a fwelling is called the Anticor, or Anticow, and is mortal to horfes if they are not foon relieved. It proceeds from different caufes, viz. the remains of an old diftemper which was never perfectly cured, or after which the horfe was toofopn put to labour, from too much heat, 4 contracted |
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iS ADVICE TO THE
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contracted in the liable, by being kept up a long
time without airing, or from having loft too large a quantity of blood in what part foever the vein was opened. When you touch a fwelling of this kind, the impreffions of the fingers remain for fometinie, as if you had made them in a bit of puff paft, filling up again by degrees, as the pafte would rife. This fwelling contains bloody wa- ter, that infinuates between the flefh and the ikin, and proves that all the blood in the veins is corrupted. His Thighs and Legs.] From thence look down-
his elbow to his knee, and fee that the four thighs be ruih grown, well horned within, finewed, flefhy, and out-fweiling, thofe being figns of ftrength,as the contrary are of weaknefs. If his- knees bear a proportion to each other, be lean,, iinewy, and clofeknit, they are good; but if one is bigge/ or rounder than the other, the h'orfe has rrecei ved mifchief; if they are grofs, he is gouty; and if he has feats, or the hair be broken, be- ware of a Humbling jade, and perpetual faller. iiplents.] From his knees look down his legs
to his .paßerns, and if you find them clean, lean, fiat, Iinewy, and the inward bought of his knee without feams, or hair broken, it {hews a good fhapeand foundnefs; but if on theinfide of the kg you find hard knots, they arefplents, of which there are three forts. The fimple fplent, which appears within the leg under the knee, remote from the great nerve and the joint of the knee, ought not to hinder a man from buying a good Jwrfe, for it gives him no jpain, is only difagree- |
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TUKCHASERS OF HORSES. :i'/
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sb'e to the fight, and goes away in time of itfelf.
All the three forts of fplents are know by the lame rule ; for whenever you fee a tumourupon the fiat of the leg, whether within or without, if it be under the knee, and appears hard to the touch, it is a fplent; and when it is fituated as above defcribed, it fignifies nothing ; but when it comes upon the joint of the knee, without any interval, it lofes the name of fplent, and may b« called a fufee: it then, as one may eafily con- ceive, makes the leg of a horfe ftiff, and hinders »him from bending his knee: confequently it obliges him to (tumble, and even fall, and after a violent exercife makes him lame. Reft alons cures thelamenefs, but not the fufee. The third kind of fplent, whether within or
without, is when you feel it between the nerve and the bone, and fometimes even at the end of the nerve; this is calisd a nervous fplent, and is the worft of all the kinds; befides that, the horfe is never here fo firm footed, but that he limps at every little degree of labour. The Freu hrjjjdi every horfe that has a fplent, very often with at knowing how to diftinguifh them ; and one that has only a fimple fplent is as bad in their eyes as One that has the other fort; but a fimple fplent always goes away of itfelf by the time a horfe is eight or nine years old. OJelets.] There are alfo three kinds of offe«
lets, which are of the fame nature as fplents, and fome perfons take them for the fame thing; but there is this difference, however, between them* that fplents come near the knees, and offelets neae
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ADVICE TO THE
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near the fetlocks. Their feat is indifferently
within or without the leg. The firft is the fimple offelet, which does not
grow near the joint or the fetlock on the nerve. This need not hinder any man from buying
a horfe, becaufe it puts him to no inconvenience, and very often goes away of itfelf without a re- medy. The fecond is that which defcends into the fettock, and hinders the motion of that joint: this occafions a horfe to ftumble and fall, and with a very little work to become lame. The third has its feat between the bone and the nerve; and fometimes upon the nerve, it fo much incom- modes a horfe, that he cannot ftand firm, but limps on every Jittleoccafion. U^indgall.] There are alfo three kinds of wind-
galls which appear to the eye much like oflelets, but are not, however, juft in the fame places; nor do they feel like them, for offelets are hard, but windgalls give way to the touch. Some hor- fes are more liable to thefe than others, and that for feveral rea fons. Some proceed from old worn- out fires, and others by being worked too young. A fimt>Ie windgall is a little tumour, between the Ikin and the Helh, round the fetlocks: when it appears at a good diftance from the large nerve, it.does not lame the horfe; and if he has but age on his fide, that is, be under ten years old at mod, he will be as ufeful as before, provided the work you put him to be not of the moft laborious kind; however a horfe is much better without, than with, even this fort of fimple windgall, which tonflfts of thin ftins, full of red liquid, and foft tft
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PURCHASERS OF HORSES. 1$
,to the touch: The nervous windgall anfvvers the
lame defcription, only, a,s the Ample ones come upon the fetlock, or a little above it, upon the leg-bone, in the very place of offelets; nervous ones come behind the fetlock, upon the great nerve, which makes them of worfe confequence, for they never fail to lame a horfe after much fa- tigue. Thefe windgalls may happen upon any of the legs, but forrie of them are more dangerous than others, in proportion as they prefs the nerve, and are capable of laming the horfe ; and take notice, by the way, that windgalls are more troublefome in fu'romer than in winter, efpecial- ly in very hot weather, when the pores are all open. The third fort is the bloated windgall, and is of the worft fort when they come over the hind part of the fetlock, between the bone and the large :, and make the horfe fo lame at every little he does, that he can fcarce fet his foot on the ground: they appear en both fides th without as well as within; and when vou touch them with your hand, or finger, they feel like a pig's or cow's bladder full of wind. If under his knees there are fcabs on the infide, it is the ipeedy or fwift cut, and in that cafe he will but ill endure gallopping: if above the patterns on the infide, you find fcabs, it fhews interfering ;■ but if the fcabs be generally over his legs, it is ei- ther occafioned by foul keeping, or a fpice of the mange. Pattern.] Take care that the pattern joint be
clear and well knit together, and that the pattern be ftrong, fhort and upright; for if the firft be |
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GO ADVICE TO THS
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big, or fwelled, beware of finew ftrain; if the
other be long, weak or bended, the limbs will be hardly able to carry the body without tiring. Huufs.] The hoofs fhould be black, fmooth,
and tough, rather long than round ; deep, hollow, and full founding; for white hoofs are tender, and carry a fhoe ill, and a brittle hoof will carry no fhoe at all: a flat hoof, that is pumiced, fhews foundering,-and a hoof that is empty, and hollow- founding, fhews a decay of inward part, by reafon of fome wound or dry founder. If the hair lie fmooth and clofe about the crown of the hoof, and the flefh flat and even, then all is perfect; but fhould the hair be there rough, the fkin fcabbed, and the flefh riling, you may then be apprehenfive of a ring bone, a crown fcab, or a quitter bone. Circled Feet.] Circled feet are very eafy to be
Inown : they are when you fee little excrefcences round the Loot, which inclofe the foot, and ap- pear like fo many fmall circles. Dealers who have fuch horfes, never fail to rafp round the hoofs, in order to make them fmooth; and to conceal the rafping when they are to fhew them for fale, they black the hoofs all over; for without that one may eafily perceive what has been done, and feeing the mark of the rafp is a proof that the Aorfe is fubject to this accident. As to the caufe it proceeds from the remainsof an old diftemper, or from having been foundered; and the difeafe being cured, without care being taken of the feet, whereupon the circulation of the blood not being regularly made, efpecially round the crowa between the hair and the horn, the part lofes its nourish-
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PURCHASERS OF HORSES.
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riourifhrnent, and contracts or enlarges itfelf in
proportion as the horfe is worked. If thefe cir- cles were only on the furiace, the jockies method of rafping them down would then be good for nothing ; but they form themfelves alfo within the feet, as well as without, and confequently preisen the fenfiblepart, and make a horfe limp with ever fo little labour. One may jufüy com- pare a horfe in this iituation, to a man that has corns on his feet, and yet is obliged to walk a long way in fhoes that are too tight and ftubborn. A horfe therefore is worth a great deal lefs upoa this account. Bow-legged.] After having well examined th©
feet, ftand about three paces from his fhoulders, and look careful that he is not bow-legged, which proceeds from two different caufes; firfr, from nature, when a horfe has been got by a. worn-out ftallion ; and fecondly, from his having been worked too young; neither in the one cafe nor the other is the horfe of any value, becaufe he never ca n be fure-footed; it is alfo a difagree- able fight if the knees point forwards, and his legs turn in under him, fo that the knees come much further out than the feet; it is what is called a bow-legged horfe, and fuch a one ought to be re- jected for any fervice whatfoever,ashe never can ftand firm on his legs; and how handfome foever he may otherwife be, he fhould on no account be ufed for a ftallion, becaufe all his progeny will have the fame deformity. Mend-] Then ftand by his fide, and take par-
ticular notice that his head be well fet on; lor if thick
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ADVICE T» THE
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thick fet, be affured it will caufe him to tofs up
his nofe for want of wind, which caufes a horie to carry his head difagreeably high, and occafions a thickifh mouth. JVeck] His neck mould be fmall at the fetting
on of his head, and long, growing deeper to the fhoulders, with a high, ftrong, and thin mane, long, fd?t, and fomewhat curling; thofe being beautiful characters: on the contrary, a head ill (et on is a great deformity. Pole-evil.] To have a large bignefs or fwelling
in the nape of the neck fhews the pole-evil. To have a fbort thick neck like a bull, to have it fall- ing in the withers, to have a low, weak, thick, or falling creft, fhews want of ftrength and mettle. The Mane.] Much hair on the mane fhews
'dulinefs, as too thin a mane fhews fury; and to have none, or flied, fhews the worm in it, the itch, or mangenefs. The Shoulders.) In mewing a horfe, a dealer
or jockey, will generally place him with hia fore feet on a higher ground than his hind ones, in order that the fhoulder may appear further in his back, and make him higher in fight than he really is; but be fure to caufe him to be led on level ground, and fee that his fhoulders lie well into his back; for an upright mouldered horfe carries his weight two forward, which is difagree- able and unfafe to the rider. Have his fore legs iland even, and you will then have it in your power to judge of his fhoulders. If you do not cbferve this, the dealer will contrive that his near leg ftands before the other, as the fhoulders i» |
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purchasers of horses. 2$
that pofition appear to lie further in the back.
If his knees [land nearly clofe, and his toes quite in a line, not turning in, nor yet turning out, be allured he will not cut: if he takes his legs up a moderate height, and neither clambers, nor yet goes too near the ground, he will moft likely an- fwer your purpofe. Bach, Body, Gfc] Obferve that the chine of
his back be broad, even and ftraight, his ribs» well compaffed and bending outward, his fillets upright, llrong, fhort, and above an handful be- tween his laft rib and his huckle bone; his belly fnould be well let down, yet hidden within his ribs, and his ftones clofe thruft up to his body, thofe being marks of health and goodnefs. Be careful in obferving that he has no fwelling in his tefticles, a diforder that ufually proceeds either from fome ftrain in working, or from the horfe's having continued too long in the ftable, or from. his putting one leg over any bar, and being, checked by the halter, or, in a word, from any other accident that confines a horfe, makes him kick or fling, and bruife his cods, and there is no other way of knowing this diftemper, but by fome outward fwelling upon the part. The coming down of the tefticles proceeds
from the fame caufes, with this difference only, that it is a long timeindifcoveringitfelf; where- as the other may come in one night. If his chine be narrow, he will never carry a laddie well; and to have it bending or faddle-backed, fhews weaknefs. If his ribs be fiat, there is but fmall liberty for wind. Should his fillets hang low, or |
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0| ADVICE TO THE
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weak, he will never climb a hill, or carry a bur-
den well, A belly that is chlng up, or. gaunt, and ftones hanging down loofe, are iigns of fkknefs, tendernefs, foundering in the body, and unapt- nefs far labour. His buttocks fhould be round, plump, full, and in an even level with his body: the narrow, pin buttock, the hoe or fwinerump, andth<?fall ing and down let buttock, fhews an in- jury in nature. The horfe that is deep in his girth- ing place, is generally of great ftrength. His hin- der thighs, or gaftaines, fhould be well let down, even to the middle joint, thick, brawny, full and dwelling, this being a great fign of ftrength and goodnefs: lank and flender thighs fhews difability and weeknefs. From the thigh bone to the hock it fhould be pretty long, but fhort from the hock to ' the pattern. Obferve the middle joint behind, and if it be nothing but fkin and bone, veins and finews, rather a little bending than too ftraightv it is perfect as it fhould be; on the contrary, fhould it have chaps or iores on the inward bought, or bending, it is a fallender. Spavins.] Should the joint be generally fwelled
all over, he muft have had a blow or bruife ; if in any particular part, as in the pot, or hollow- part, or on the infide, the vein full and proud, and the fwelling foft, it is a blood fpavin. You cannot therefore take too much care in examin- ing the houghs of delicate horfes, for let the fwel- ling appear ever fo fmall upon the flat of the lower part of the hough, within fide, though the iiorfe may not limp, you ought to be apprehen- |
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PURCHASERS OF HORSES. *5
*ve that in time and with but little labour, the
ipavin will increafe on him. • The fat fpavin comes almofi in the fame plac«
*s the other, but is larger. A third kind is the ox fpavin, and this is
thought the worft of the three. If the fwelling be hard, it is a bone fpavin; you fliould examine a horfe thoroughly therefore before you buy him ; and, in particular, fee if all the joints of his legs move with equal freedom. Moft horfes that have the bone fpavin are very apt to ftart when you go to take up their legs, and will hardly let yot» touch them with your hand; examine them well therefore with your eye, and fee if, between the fetlock and the crown, the leg defcends even and fmooth; for if you fee any protuberance between the flefh and the fkin, that looks like a fort of knot or kernel, you have found the defect. A Curb.] If you obferve the fwelling to be ex-
actly before the knuckle, it is a curb; which is an accident that may happen in different man- ners ; fuch as a ftrain in working, flipping his foot in a hole, or in mafhy ground, &c. out of which he pulls it withpain,andby that means wrenches his hough, without diflocating any thing, and yet, without fpeedy care, he may be lamed. A Rat's Tail.] There is alfo a defect which is
n>°re common in the hind than the fore legs, though the latter are not quite exempt from it, and it is called the Rat'stail, and it is thus known: when you fee, from the hind part of the fetlock, up along the nerves, a kind of line channel that fcparates the hair to both fides, tkis is a rat'j B tail; |
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ADVICE TO THE
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tail; and in fummer there appears a kind of fmall
dry fcnb along the channel; and in winter there iflb.es out a humidity, like the water from the legs. A horfe may work notwithstanding this er, for it feldom lames him; it fometimes occaiions a ftjffneüs in the legs, and makes them trot like foxes, without bending their joints. The hind^legs mould be lean, clean, flat, and fineuy; for if fat, they will not bear labour; if fwelled, the greale is molten into them ; if fobbed above the patterns, it is the fcratches; and if he hath chops under his patterns, he hath what is gene- rally called the rains. 'If he has a good buttock, his tail cannot ftand ill, but will be bread, high, fiat, and couched a little inward. A Walk and Trot in Hand.] Having with care
examined the hoife, let him be run in hand a gentle trot; by this you will foon perceive if he is lame or not. Make the man lead him by the end of the b: idle, as in this cafe you cannot be deceived by the man's being too near K . The far fore leg, and near hind leg, or t'.e i.ear fore leg, and far hind leg, Ihould move and go t'or- waid at one and the fame time; and in this motion, the i eraxr the. hurl« takes his limbs from the ground, the opener, the evener, and the foorter is his fpace. Icrging.] If he takes up his feet floven'y, it
ftewVflumbling or lamenefc ; to tread narrow, 01 crofs, (hews interfering, or failing ; to ftep un- even, thews wearinefs: and if he tieads long, you may be apprehenfive he forges; by which I mean, that when he walks, or trots, he ftrikes the
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PURCHASES? OF HOUSES. S?
the toes of his hind feet againft the corners of his
ßioes before, which occafions a clattering noife as Vouride; and this proceeds generally from the weaknefs of his fore legs, he not having ftrength in them to raife them up fufficiently quick to ,make way for the hind ones. A horfe of this kind is not near fo ferviceable as the horfe ex- empt from it; and the dealers, to get rid of him, will make abundance of pretences: if he has been juft fhoed, they will lay the farrier has put him on too long fhoes; if his fhoes are old, they will tell you he has jult come off a long journey, and is much fatigued; you muft not therefore be over credulous to any thing a jockey or dealer affirms; for what they fay in this manner, is too often with intent to deceive: and it is very cer- tain, that a horfe who forges can never be fure- footed, any more than one who has tottering and bow-less. Walk -d.Trot mounted.] On his being mount-
ed, fee ,ju. walk. Obferve his mouth, that he pulls fair, not too high, nor bearing down: then itand behind him, and fee if he goes narrower before than beliind, as every horfe that goes well on his legs goes in that manner. Take notice that he brufnes not by going too clofe ; a certain fign of his cutting, and tiring in travelling. Have no- thing to do with that horfe who throws his legs confufedly about, and croffes them before: this you may obferve by ftanding exactly before or behind him, as he is going along. In his trot he fhould point his fore legs well, without clamber- ing, nor yet asifhe were afraid; and that he throws 3 a weS |
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*8 ADVICE TO THE
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well in his hind legs, which will enable him t»
fupporthis tiot, and fhoot his fore parts forward. A Canter or Gallop.] In his canter, obferve he
does not fret, but goes cool in this pace; and in his gallop, he fhould take his feet nimbly from the ground, and not raife them too high ; but thaj he ftretcheth out his fore legs, and follows nimbly with his hind ones; and that he cutteth not under his knee (which is called the fwift or fpeedy cut) that he croffes not, nor claps one foot on another; and ever leadeth with his far fore foot, and not with the near one. ]f he gallops round, and raifes his fore feet, he may be faid to gallop ftrongly, but not fwiftly; and if he labour, his feet confufed, and feems to gallop painfully, it fhewsfome hidden lamenefs; for in all his paces, you fhould particularly obferve that his iimbs are free, without the leaft ftiffnefs. Tottering Legs.] Now that he has been well
exercifed in thofe different paces, it is your time to examine for an infirmity not eafily difco- vered, and that is what I call Tottering Legs; you cannot peiceive it till after a horfe has gal- loped for feme time; and then, by letting him reft a little, you will fee his legs tremble under him, which is the diforder I mean: how hand- fome foever the legs of fuch a horfe may be, he never can ftand well on them ; you are therefore not to mind what the jocKey fays, when he talks of the beauty of the limbs; for if you oblige him to gallop the horfe, or fatigue him pretty much (which is commonly done in order to try the creature's bottom) you will in all likelihood dif- coY«r
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»URCHASERS OF HORSES. 2§
cover his defect, unlefs you fuffer the groom to
gallop him to the liable door, and put him up in a foment; which he will certainly endeavour to <«o, if he is confcious of it, while the mafter has another horfe ready to {hew you, in order to take off your attention from what he is afraid you fhould fee. Tnus having, to the beft of my judgment
gone through every requifiteobfervation relative to the purchafe of a horfe, ftudioufly avoiding its being drawn into an unneceffary length, yet a-t the fame time being as careful to avoid an affect- ed brevity, the gentlemen, to whom many of my obfervations are familiar, will pleafe to obferve, that I have endeavoured, as much as pofiible, to write for the information of the perfon entirely ■unacquainted with the qualifications which form a complete horfe; in the purchafe of which, the perfon fhould particularly confider the end for which he buys; whether for running, hunting, travelling, draught or burden : and it is therefore almoft unneceffary to remind him, that the big- eft and ftrongeft are fitteft for ftrong occafions, burdens, draught, or double carriage; as the middle (ize is for hunting, pleafure, general em- ployments, and the leaft for fummer hackney. Thelaft thing Ifhall take the freedom to obferve to my reader is, that a very fmali portion of this treatife has been taken from a late publication, deficient in many refpe-fts, though at the fame time, containing fome trite obfervations; and that the bulk of it has been compiled from my own experience, affifted by various Authors on the lubjecTj of which Monfieur Saunier is the Bg principal. |
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gO ADVICE, £fc.
principal. All I have therefore to obfefve is,
that it was compiled at the requeft of the pub- lifhers, as a fuitablc companion to a book of the fame fize, entitled, ' The Gentleman's Pocket Farriery,' fhewing how to ufe a horfe en a jour- ney ; and what remedies are proper for common accidents that may befal them on the road: which having been univerfally approved, and met with a very extenfive fole, they are hopeful, that a well drawn up affiftant towards the purchafe of a horfe, defcribing the diforders, &c. to which he is liable, might (land fair to be received with marks of the lame public approbation. |
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OBSER.
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OBSERVATIONS te1 RECEIFTS
FOR THE
Cure ofmofi Common Dißempers
INCIDENT TO
HORSES.
WHEN you chufe to have a foal for beauty,
let your horfe and mare be of a coal black, a bright bay, a good grey, or a dun, which are very agreeable colours; and let your horfe and mare be found, and of a known good breed, with their marks much alike: the horfe fhould be 15, and the mare 14 hands and a half high, nor fhould they be more than fix years old when they are brought together; but by obferring thefe di- rections, you need not iear having good, ftrong, and found colts. If you have more mares than one with foal at
a time, mind 10 keep them afunder when they have foaled, for a whole year, left either of the colts going to the other's dam fhould get a kick, as often happens, that may make him a cripple ever after; when they are a year old you may wean them, becaufe tbey may then eat oats, bran, and good fhort hayj and you may likewife at |
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ji izcBiPT» tot THi
that time put them together, provided you har»
none that are a year older than they to run with them ; for as they are apt to kick and lame each other, fo, if they are of an age, they will be the better able to bear one another's blows; and now is the time your fervants fhould be careful not to learn them any bad tricks, by letting them bite, or kick at them ; for if they do, they willjfind it a hard matter to break them of it. When they are come to about four or five years old, you may let them eat beans, and peafe ; and if you intend to bring them to bufi- nefs, put them into the ftable for two or three days, tie them up with a halter to acquaint them with the other horfes, letting your fervant make much of them ; then put on each of them a bri- dle, and let them Hand two or three days longer with the bit in their mouths, that you may the better manage them when you come to back them. Next take one of them out of the liable, and lead him about in your hand with a faddle en his back, then moun thim; but be fure to have a good ftrong bridle, girths, and fiirrups ; and take care you are not thrown? for if he gets the upper hand of you then, you will find it a hard matter to brea k him : learn him to walk on boldly, for he will be apt to flop and fiartle at any thing that pre- fents itfelf to his view: when you have learned him to walk well, and obferve that he is not frighted at every little thing he fees, then you may venture to trot and gallop him ; and by this means you may foon bring him to all his paces« Your horfe being now fit for fervice, and perfectly found»
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CURE OF HORSES. 33
found, he will fetch you a good price if you in-
tend to difpofe of him. We [hall now give you forae directions to pre-
vent your being impofed on in the purchafe of a horfe; the firft of which is, never to bargin for" one before you ride him, becaufe" he may ßavt and Humble, though handfome to look upon ; but firft examine ftridlly his teeth, eyes, legs, and wind; and then to know his age, raife his upper lip with your finger and thumb; and if his teeth fhut clofe, he is young; but if they point for- ward, and the upper and the under edges don't meet even, he is old ; and the longer his teeth are (the gums being dry and flirunk from them, looking yellow and rufty) the older he is. If his eyes are lively and clear, and you can
fee the bottom, and the image of your face is reflected from thence, and not from the furface of the eye, they are good; but if muddy, cloudy, or coal black, they are bad. If his knees are not broke, nor (land btnding
and trembling forward (which is called knuck- ling) his legs may be good ; but if he fteps ihort, and digs his toes into the ground, beware of a founder, or at lead a contracted back finew. If his flanks beat even and flow, his wind may
be good: but if they heave double and irregular, or (while be (lands in the liable) blows at the noftrils, as if he had jufl been gallopping, they are figns of a broken wind. A horfe with thick fhouldersand a broad cheft
laden with Hein, hanging too forward and heavily
B 5 projecting
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34 RECEIPTS FOR TH8T
projecting over his knees and feet, is fitter for a
collar than a faddle.' A horfe with thin fhoulders and a flal cheft,
vvhofe fore feet ftand boldly forward, and even, his neek rifing feniicircular from ihe points of thofe thin fhoulders to his head, may juftly be faid to have a light fore hand, and is fitter for a faddle than a collar, Ne*xt inquire if he bites, kicks, flops, or ftarts.
A horfe may be found, though guilty of all four, #hich a man can hardly difcover by barely look- ing on him ; fo we refer you to the keeper. When you are buying, 'tis common for the
owner to fay, in praife of his horfe, that he hath neither/plent,fpavin, nor windgall. That you may not be impofed on, thofe three
are thus defcribed : The fplent is a fixed callous excrefcence, or
hard knob, growing upon the flat of the infide or outfjde (and foroetimes both) of the fhank bone, a little under, and not far from the knee, and may be feen and felt. The fpavin is of the fame nature, and appears
in the like manner on the (hank bone behind, and not far below the hough. The windgalls are feveral little fwellings juff.
"above the fetlock joints of all the four legs: they feem (in feeling) to be full of wind or jelly, but they, never lame a horfe; the fplent and fpavin always do; and for their cure, look among the receipts at the end öf this Treatife on Horfes. To difcover if a horfe Humbles or ftarts, when
you mount him neither let him feel your fpurs, ngr
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cure or horses. 3 r
nor fee your whip; keep yourfelHn a profound
calm; and when you are feated, go gently oft w'th a loof« rein, which will make him careiefs; 2nd if he is a ftunibler, he will difcover himielf in a very little way. Theb<-ft horfe may ftumble.but if he fprings
out when he ftumbles, as if he feared your whip and fpvir, you may juftly fufpeSt him to be as oldoffender : A man {houLl never ftrike a far ftumbling or ftarti'ng; we confefs the pro- vocation is great, but the fright of corre makes him worfe. Whenever you intend to travel or hunt, let
your horfe's feet be examined fovne convenient time before you fet out, to fee that his fhoes are all faft, and fit eafy on his feet; for on that de- pends the pleafule and Eafety nf vour jourj If he cuts either before or behind, kok that his
flioes ftand not out with art edge beyond the hoof, and feel that the clinches lie clofe; but if his Cutting proceeds from interfering (that is ing his legs in his trot) rfien it is ■: 1 atural . mity, and can only bg ä little helped by care. If (as he'ftandsin the febte);yeu obferve him
to point one foot forwarder than theother, either before or behind- fceming to bear no weigh) on it, Voü'mayreafonab!' fc he is no; It the fhoe is the caui'e, the farrier can remove
iently ; but if the foot is hot, hurt by fome unknown accident, then make the following poultice; , B 6 Take
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j6 JtlCEIPTS »OR THE
Take any fort of greens, fuch as lettice, cab-
bage, mallow leaves, turnip tops, or, turnips thernfelves, the beft of all: boil them tender, fqueeze the water out, chop them in a wooden bowl, with two or three ounces of hog's lard or butter. Put this poultice into a cloth, and tie his foot
in it as hot as you can, this will foften his hoof, aijd in the farrier's paring, he will difcGver if he is pricked or bruifed : if he is only bruifed, one more poultice will cure him; but if he is wounded to the quick, open the hole with your penknife, and put to it the following horfe ointment; which being kept on with dry tow, will fuck out the gravel; and his foot being put as before in a hot poultice, and repeated morning and evening, he will be well in two or three nights. THE HORSE OINTMENT.
Into a clean pipkin, that holds about a quart,
put the bignefs of a pullet's egg of yellow rofin; when it is melted over a middling fire, add the fame quantity of bees wax; when that is melted, put in half a pound of hog's lard; when it is diffblved, put in two ounces of honey; when that is diffblved, put in half a pound of common turpentine; keep it gently boiling, flirring it with a flick all the time; when the turpentine is diffblved, put in two ounces of verdigreafe, finely powdered ; but before you put in the verdigreafe, you muft take off the pipkin, elfe it will rife into the fire in a moment; fet it on again, and give it two or three wabbles, and firain it through a «oarfc
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CURB OF HORSES. g7
coarfe fieve into a clean veffel for ufe, and throw
the dregs away. This ointment is very good for a wound or
bruife in the fiefh or hoof, broken knees, gauled backs, bites, cracked heels, malianders, or when you geld a horfe, to keep the flies away. The aforefaid poultice and ointment will like-
wife cure a horfe that is lame in his heel or hoof, occaiioned by an over-reach, or tread of another horfe, be it never fo deep, and though gravel be in it: for it will fuck it out, fill it again with found flefh, and make the hoof grow over it much fooner than any other method or medicine what- foever. All cuts, treads, and bruifes are cured by the
aforefaid poultice, not only fafeft and fooneft, but without leaving any mark. If a horfe's legsand heals fwell and crack, and
become fliff and fore, wafh them with hot water and foap, then prepare the foregoing poultice, and tie.it on hot, letting it ftay on all night.— Feed him as ufual, and offer him warm water. About three or four hours after he is put up for all night and fed, give him the following ball: Half an ounce of asthiop's mineral. Ditto of bal-
fam of fulpher terib. Ditto of diapente, or powdered anifeeds, mixed and made into a ball with honey or treacle, and a pint of warm ale after it; and, in the morning, give him warm water in the ftable, on account of the ball. A day or two after take a pint of blood from his neck. Th»
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g3 RECEIPTS FOR THE
|r The poltice being continued every night, and
th" ball three times, that is, every other night, it will cure a hörfe if he is youn^o and the diftem- per new; but if he is old, and hath had it a long time on him, it will require further repetition: take great care riot t, let him fweat during this operation, for it will retard the cure. If you can get no fort of poulticing, then melt,
hog's lard, butter, or kitchen-greafe, in a fauce- pan ; and, with a rabbit's foot or a rag, greafe his heals with it-very hot. The maMehdtt is a crack in the bend of the
knee, and the f< llanderis a crack in the bend of the hough ; and ore cured by the fame method, medicine, greafrng, and poulticing, which are ufecl for fwelled and cracked heels. If the faddle bruifes his bock, and makes it
jFwell, a gieafy dilh clout laid on hot, and a Tag over.jt bound on Fora «bile, and repeated once or twice, wiH fink it; then wafh it with a little water and {bit, and it will cure it. If ä horfe is elf his flomach, and tie keeper is
afraid of a forfeit, which is öfter) attenoed wjth the greafe, the farcy, or b th, the fymptoms are the flaring oi .ho coat, and hide bound. The flatting 01 the coot will'fbon appear: to
prevent whh:u, boil fo) a cordial, Half a pour ; .: in a quart cf ale;
pour it uponhalf a pouud >.'. bor.y in a bowl,
brew it about till it is alrnoft as cold as blood, then siveit with a hern, feeds arc» alji, Feedas ufuai, but keep him warm cloathed ; give him warm water that night and next morning. A Kialh will do well that night; and, left the cor- |
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CURE OF HORSES. 39
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dial fhould not have force snough to carry oft the
furfeit, give him after all, and juft before bed- time, one of the balls, as directed above. To prevent ftiffnefs, fupple andwafh his legs
with ^reafy dim- wafh, or hot water and foap, and do not take him out of the ftable that night; greafe his hoofs, and ftop his feet with the fol- lowing ball: Two or three handfuls of bnn, put into a
faucepan, with as much greafe of any iridd as will moiften it; make it hot, and puta bail of it into each fore foot. Cover each with a little tow or ßraw, and put two folinfsover that to keep it in all night. But thefe bails are not neceffary in the winter, nor when the <oaüs are full of water. This bail will likewife prevent a horfe from
catching cold, or foundenng, after he has been rid hard uyon a dry road, in hot weather. If you wrench a horfe's fhouMer, or what we
commonly call a fhoulder flip, mix two ounces of cil of fpike with one ounce of oil ji fwallows, and with your hands rub a little of it all over his fhoulder ; then bleed him in the pi;it vain, and let him reft two days, that win cure a flight ftrai«. If he continues lame, put around rowel to
«raw away thehutpours, about two inches below the point of his fhoulder ; in doing which, take «re t0 keep 0g- tjje piait vein ; for if you wound tnat, it is an hundred to one but it ftrikes into his body and mortifies; feveral have died that way. Äffer you have rpwelled him, you muß let him reft two days at leait, till the rowel digefls and rans; and then, though lame, you may walk him
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RECEIPTS FOa THE
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him a little, but it mull be very flow; and he
will foon grow well. You muft remember to turn the rowel every morning afterit runs. This ex- periment has often been tried with good fuccefs. If a horfe is drained in the flifle (a little bone
upon the thigh bone, above the infide bend or the hough) the Turnip Poultice, mentioned in pagea6, will infallibly eure it;' but, by its fitu- atiorf; you will find a difficulty to keep it on, yet it may be done with a few,yards of lift. If it is not well or much amended, in three or
four days, examine his hip, perhaps he may be hipfhot, but that muft be cured by a rcwel, be- caufe you cannot fallen a poultice on that part. Firftrub his hip with the two oils above menti- oned, for a (houlderflip: then put a round rowel about three or lour inches below the large ca- vity which receives the head of the thigh bone ; when it begins to digeft, turn the rowel every morning. After a week or ten days you may take it out, and keep the lips of the wound moift with hog's lard, that it may heal the fmoother. AN EXCELLENT REMEDY TO CURE A CIA»
IN THE BACK SINEWS. Take a fpoonful or two of hog's lard, or rather
goofe greaie, melt it in a faucepan, and rub it into the back linew very hot, from the bend of the knee to the fetlock ; make, as you are de- fired in page 36, a turnip poultice, and tie it on hot, from the fetlock to above the knee, and let it ftay on all night: thus, firft tie the cloth about the fetlock, then put it in the poultice, and raife the cloth and poultice together, till you get it above
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CURE OF HORSES. 4»
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«tßove the bend of the knee, twilling the lift or
ftring round his leg as you rife, and faften it above the bend of the knee; take it off in the morning, and put on a frefh one; at night do the fame. Two or three of thei'e poultices will cure a new flrain, five or fix an old one. If he has been lame a long time, the linew will be contrac- ted; this poultice will relax it. The fame Poultice will alfo cure the fetlock
of a horfe that iscaft in his halter, by repeating it till it is well. 4 CAUTION TO PREVENT THE TAKING A CLAl
IN THE BACK SINEWS FOR A SHOULDER-SLIP)
WHICH VERY OFTEN HAPPENS.
If it is in the moulder, he will drawhistoe o»
the ground as he walks; if in the back ünew, he will lift it off and ftep {hört, though downright lame. There does not happen above one fhoul- der-flip to fifty back finew ftrains. Never take a horfe out of a warm liable to
ride him into a horfe-pond at an unfeafonable hour, either too early or too late, for by that means he often catches a great cold. Sometimes, upon a violent cold, a large fwel-
ling as big as one's arm, from the elbow to the fheath on both fides his belly, will rile; when it fo happens, take, if you can get it, for the fwel- lings may hinder, half a pint of blood, or there- abouts, from the fpur vein on each fide; then clothe him warmer than ufual, and give him the annifeed cordial, feeds and all, as directed in page 38. Repeat it for a day or two, taking fuch care
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4* RECEIPTS FOR THR
care of him as belongs to a hcrfe that has ]uft
caught cold. If the fwelling continues, and corruption ga-
thers in it, you muft let it out with a fleam ; he will grow well as his cold goes off. If after a day or. two you perceive a running at
hiscyes, and a little gleetingat his noflrils, yon. muft expecl to hear him cough. In that cafe," tale a pint of blood from his neck in a morning, and at noon give an additional feed to make amends for the lofscf blood. At night give him, a mafh over and above his ufual allowance. The Hext night give him the anifeed cordial asbefore. If his cough continues three days, you muft
take another pint of blood from his neck ; and to keep it off his lungs, give him juft before you go to bed, Liquorifh powder, an ounce; fweet oil, a
fpconful; aethiop's minereal, an ounce; balfamof fulphur, half an ounce; made into a ball with a little honey. Clothe and keep him warm; repeat the ball
»ext night, which will be fufficient to cure any new gotten cold or forfeit. Feel between his jaws, and if his kernels are
{welled, three or four turnip poultices, as men- tioned in page 36, wiil diilblve them, but con- tinue ; o rdial till he is well. W .; ,,.< hrs got cold, it fnmetimes falls
into hi hich you will know by a running or t!..i.' glare upon them ; put your hand to his
r.oftvils) and if you find his, breath hotter than afu»i, it will then be necefiary to take a little blocd
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CURE OF HORSES. . 45
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Moolt from his neck; that is, a pint, or a quart
at moft, uniefs it be very thick and very hot. It is fafer to take a gallon,at five or fix bleedings, than two quarts at once : for it robs him of too much animal fpirits. Always bleed a horfe in a pint or quart pet;
for when you bleed at random en the ground» you never can know what quantity you take, nor what quality his blood is of. From fuch violent method;-, ufed with ignorance, proceeds thedeath of a great number of horfes. A pint of blood for the fir ft time is enough,
snd you may repeat that as you fee occalion; but you cannot eafily reuore the blood and fpi- rits you may be too laviih of. But to return to the eyes. After you have
taken a pint of blood from him, pet a quartern DDt Out of the oven, cut away the cruft, and put the foft infide into a linen bag large enough to cover his forehead and temples; prefs it flat, and bind it on by way of poultice, ashotasmay be without fcaMfng; at the fame time fa'ften fomething of -a cloth about his neck to keep his throat warm. Let the poultice ftay on till it is almoft cold, and repeat it once or twice, then prepare the following eye water: Into half a pint of rofe or fpring water, put
one dram of tutty finely prepared; one dram of white fugar candy powdered; andhalfa dram of fugar of lead. With a feather put a drop into each eye,
mornings and evenings. Never
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44 RECEIPTS TO* THE
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Never blow powders into the eyes, always uf«
liquids. The next day if needful, repeat the poultice;
and for want of a hot loaf at any time, make a poultice of bread boiled in milk, continuing the eye water every day. You may ufe the turnip poultice, mentioned
in page 36; but you muft not put greafe into it. ^If a film grows over the eye, put a fcrupJe of white vitriol, and a fcruple of roach-aUum, both finely powdered, into half a quartern of fpring water, and with a feather put a drop into each eye, mornincs and evenings, and it will eat it clean off in three days, on thereabouts. It is obferved, fome horfes carry a good belly
for a long time: others part with their food be- fore it is well digefted, which makes them fo thin and lank, that they are ready to flip through theirgirths; they are called wafhy. Such hot fes niuft be chiefly fed with dry meat; that is oats and beans, but feldom with bran. They alfo will eat as much or rather more than other horfes, and you fhould feed them oftener; for being too foon empty, they require it. If you do not gallop a horfe off his wind, we
will venture to fay, it is not a journey that hurts him, but your negleoT; of him when you dif- mount; and therefore confider he is tied up, and can have nothing but what is brought to him; for he cannot help himfelf. When you are upon a journey, always fee
your horfe fed as foon asy«u can at night, that he may go to reft, and he will be frefher for it
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*s
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«URS OT HORSES.
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it in the morning ; and always give two or three
feeds inftead of a large one; for too much at once will cloy him. If at any time you perceive your horfe faint,
you may give hitn a pint of warm ale with a quartern of brandy, rum, or geneva in it; or an ounce of diapente in it. Diapente will comfort his bowels, drive out cold and wind, and caufc him to carry his food the longer. If a horfe is taken with the gripes (which he
will difcover to you by often looking töwardshis flanks) and cannot keep upon his legs, but rolls and beats himfelf about, as undoubtedly he is in very great mifery, do not bleed him unlefs his breath is very hot, but clothe him warm imme- diately, and with a horn give him half a pint of brandy, and as much fweet oil, mixed; then trot him about till he is a little warm, and it will cer- tainly cure fome horfes. If it does not cure yours, boil an ounce of beaten pepper in a quart of milk, and put half a pound of butter, and two or three ounces of fait, into a bowl or bafcn, and brew them together, give it rather warmer than ufual; it will purge him in about half an hour, and perhaps remove the fit. Hit does not, omit half the pepper, and give the fame in quality and quantity by wayofclyfter, adding as it cools, the yolks of four eggs. If he is very bad, and nei- ther will do, boil a pound of anifeeds, in two quarts of ale, brew it upon a pound of honey ; when it is almoftcool enough, put in two ounces ef diafcordium, and give it with a horn at three dofes, allowing about half an hour between each 2 dofe: |
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45
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RECEIPTS SO« THE
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dofe: If his fit abates, give him time to recover,
but if aii this does not give him eafe, and you have a fufpicion of worms or botts bred in his gut, which indeed may be the caufe; for they ibmetimes f"lien in the paifagefrom theflomach r the great gut, ßop it, and fo torment him till he dies: theagivehirn two ounces of aethiop's jftineral made into a bail, with an ounce of the powder of anifeeds and a lpoonful of honey, and it will cure him: B'tt you muß not give this to a mare with foal. Never let a horfe fiand too long without exer-
eiis; it fills his belly too full of meat, and his »eii full i.; blood» and from thence often proceeds the daggers.
A CURE FOR THE STAGGERS.
If a hoffe be ftrong, take firft a pint of blood
eck ; and when you have done that, open ore of the thigh veins, and from thence take a ^-\r,\t: if the difeai'e be fimple, this will cure him ; but keep him a fferwa rds tu a moderate : ig diet, and by degrees harden him with proper txeicife; if he is weak, bleed him lefs in proportion. After which, we recommend the following clyfter from Monf. Solleyel. Boi! two ounces of the icotiasof the liver of an-
timony made into a fine powder, in five pints of beer; alter five or fix wabbles remove it from the fire, adding a quarter of a pound of butter or hog's lard and give it him two or three times, if he will bear it, and it will cure him : Rub him well down, and give him warm water during this courfe of phyfic. Thus
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47
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SURE OF HORSES.
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' Thus thin fkinned horfes that have been well
fcept and clothed, fhould never be turned tografs •above three mouths in the year, viz. from the beginning of June to the end of Auguft; but thick fkinned horfes have ftrong coats, which keep out the weather; and if well fed, will lie abroad all the year: for walking about to feed prevents ftiffnefsin their limbs; and treading in the grafs keeps their hoofs moift and cool: but they (hot:id have a hovel to come at night, or when it fnows or rains. Never purge a horfe juft taken from grafs, for
it diffblvesorloofensfome tender fat or humours, which fall into his legs or heels, fo that he rarely ftands dry all the winter alter. But siter fix days you may bleed him under a quart, and at Bight give him the anifeed cordiai, mentioned in page 38, which is a gentle opener. If you needs mud purge a horfe, for which we
would have a good reafon given, let hitn not touch cold water within or without till the lay after it has done working, but give him what- -ever warm water he will drink. And let the fol- lowing be the purge: Aloes one ounce; jallop two or three drams;
eil of cloves ten drams ; made into a ball with honey. A purge may work the firft day, but common-
ly not till the fecond. We have known them lie three days in a horfe, and week well off at laft. Never ftir him out of the liab!e till the purge
has done working, for there is no need of exer- cife dtning the operation, becaule every purge will
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,8 RECEIPTS TOR THE
will carry itfelf off, if you k«P him warm, and
fupply him with warm maihes, and as muca warm water as he will drink, and asoften. When a purge works too long, or too ftrong
upon him, which will weaken him too much, give an ounce of Venice treacle in a pint of warm ale, and repeat it if needful, to blunt the force of the * °If'a horfe, who once looked fat and fleck, is
brought to you with a (bring coat, and a hollow flank" open bis mouth, look on the roof, and it thc gums next his fore teeth are fwelied mgher »Ln his teeth, it will hinder his feeding, and Sake him" i off his Beih. Let a Smith burn it down with a hot iron; that is a complete cure for the lampas. ,
If that isnotthecaufe, you fhould never «ale
inquiring till yuu have found it out, fur a horte CTÄiöppingahorietoohardwhe„hei8
full of water often proceeds a broken wind. THv ALLOWING REMEDY, TAKEN FROM GIB-
SON, WE HAVE OFTEN GIVEN WITH GREAT SUCCESS TO A BROKEN WINDED HORSE. Mix linfeed and fenugreek frequently in his
con andfometimes thofe of fennel, carraways, and Inne- and boil in his water three or four Äs'of barley, ** -*g« honey diffolved in it; but you «iuft not of en ufe the liquorice. Exercife him more or* ^ery day, but let it be moderately, and whea the weather be .clear. K |
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euf-E OF HORSES.
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If he beat any time feized with an oppreffion,
and a more than ordinary difficulty of breathing, he fhouli have a vein opened in his flank, or on the infide of the thigh, from whence may be taken a ftnall quantity of blood ; but this muß be done only when there is an abfolute neceffity for it; or the following balls have been given and continued with great fuccefs. Take of myrrh and gum benzoin, of each four
ounces; gum arabic, the roots of orice, round birthwort, and the fhavings of harts-horn or ivory, of each two ounces: galangal and zedo- ary, of each an ounce; fennel feeds, cummin feeds, and fenugreek, of each a si ounce and half: Let chefe be beat into a fine powder, and made up into a ftiff pafle, with honey or fyrup of coltsloot; then work into the whole an ounce of the common balfam of fulphur, and let them be made into balls the bignefs of a large walnut, whereof one is to be given every morning and afternoon, an hour before watering time. The true and only üfe of rowels is to diffolve
hard fwellings, difcharge and cool wounds and bruifes, to draw offand digeft humours that lodge only between the flefh and the fkin: and there» fore will never cure the greafe or farcy; of which we fhall here give a defcription. Heats and colds thicken the blood; and the
veins being fun; ;t either turns to the greafe, and vents at the heels or frufh; or, for want of cir- culation, «agnates and corrupts in the veins; f» breaks through vein, fkin, and all, into buds of the farcy. C Mofi
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0 RECEIPTS FOR THE
Moft people imagine that the farcy lies be-
tween the flefb and the (kin, but in our opinion they are very much roiftaken ; for before the bud breaks out, the veins cord ; which is a ftrong preemption that the diftemper hath its origin in the blood, becaufe there is its firft appearance. Take a pint of blood from any horfe whofe veins are corded any where ab>3ut him, and it will mew its corruption as foori as it is cold. Bleeding checks the diftemper, whereas if you do not bleed, it will break out in every part abaut him, from his ears to the foles of his feet, evea the corners of his eyes, his yard and the very m* fide of his hoofs, or wherever there are any blood- veffels. Thefe demonftrations oblige us to be- lieve the diftemper does not lie in the fkm, but in the veins.. For the cure of the farcy, look among the re-
ceipts at the end of this treatife on hprfcfc The glanders proceed from feveral repeated
colds, fuch as are catched at winter-grais; and by laying long upon the lungs and glands,- cor- rupt the blood, and produce that unhappy con- fluence of running at the nofti ils; for the cul c of .which look among the receipts at the end ci- trus treatife on horfes. The mourning of the chine is downright po-
verty of flefh and blood, which the feventy ot the diften pers (j. a. colds) bring on, and may be co , a lean man in a confumption: but there is no fuch thing as the running ot tue
fninal marrow at the noftrils, as many arnim- for the veffei that contains the fpinal marrow is 101 " compoled |
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CURE OF' HORSES. ££
Corrtpofed of the fame coats that inclofe the brain,
and is continued from the brain without dis- junction, through the neck and chine bones, till it ends in the dock; fo that there is not the leaft. communication between theTpinal marrow arid the noftrils. It is much the fame as in human bodies. If you would know when a horfe b in a fever,
there is a pulfe a little above the knee, in the in« fide of the leg, which may be felt in thin {kinncd horfes; but the beft and fureß way is to put your hand to his noftrils, and difcover it by the heat of his breath. There is a time in lome fevers, when it is dangerous to bleed of purge; then clyfters are of excellent ufe, we rnuft fay, abfo- lutely nscelfsry ; bat not one in a tnoufand will give th the trouble to relieve the poor fick creature in that way, for two reafons; 17?.
Few people know when a horfe is in a fever; sdh, They ieldom are provided with fo materia!, an inftrument as a clyfter-pipe. Therefore, for the fake of the creature, and thofe that love him, the following clyfter in a fever is as good as any, and as little trouble; but firft get a pipe eight or ten inches long, with a bore large enough to re- ceive the end of your finger, and a rim at one end of the pipe, that what you tie on, may not flip off; then boil a fpoonful of oatmeal in two quarts of water, together with two ounces of fenna, add half a pound of brown fugar, half a pint of fweet oil, and a handful of fait. Get a bladder that will contain che above faid quantity, and tie its neck to the pipe. Pour the clyfter, with the funnel through the pipe into the bladder, C 3 and |
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SS KECEI?TS FOR THE
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and give it blood warm, fetting the horfe's hinder
part higheft. Keep him quiet in the ftabie till he voids it, the longer it ftays with him the better. If in bleeding you mifs the Vein, do not ftrike
your fleam afecond time in the fame place, be- caufe it fometimes makes the neck i'uell and proves troublefome to cure: but the extravafated bltTod infallably makes the neck fwell, and the ju- gular vein rot quite away from the orifice to the jawbone, and downwardalmoft to the moulder-, which may prove the lofs of a horfe; therefore you fhould take care in pining, that you leave not a drop of blood between the flew and the {kin. The turnip poukice, as mentioned in page 36, makes the beft cure ; but if the neck fhould hap- pen to be extremely bad, to help the poultice, you muft put a fmall hair rowel two or three inches below the hard fwelling, and continue a repetition of the poultice, morning and even- ing, till it is well; and this is all that is in the great wonder of a Iwelled neck, that often cofts fo many horfes a long fit of illnefs. If you dock a horfe, never put under his tail
the knife or inftvument which is to cut it off, be- caufe you muft then ftrike the tail, which will bruife it: then it mortifies, and that is the rea- fonfo many horfes die with docking ; but lay his tail' next the block, and at one blow drive the knife through a joint, if poffible, and let one ftand ready with a hot iron to fear the end of the dock and flop the bleeding. There are innumerable misfortunes which no
man can cure, or human forefight guard againft. We
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SURE OF HORSES.
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We have here mentioned moll of the common
accidents that happen to a horfe, and have taken care, that, under fome of the heads we have treated of, you may find a great deal of help, by the analogy they have to one another. We have put no drug or compofition in here
but what is very cheap, and may be had almoft in every country town and village; fo we hope we have left no difficulty on any body; and we likewife hope, that what we have herefet down on the Cure of Horfes, will be very acceptable and ufeful to all thofe who may have occafion for them; which done, we fhall add a few more ap- proved Receipts communicated by this Society, fome of which we have referred to, and fo end this Treatifefor the Cure of Horfes, and proceed to thofe of Cattle, 6?c. |
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RECEIPTS,
TO CURE THE GREASE, SURFEITS, LOSS OF
APPETITE, COUGH, SHORTNESS OF BREATH; TO PURIFY THE ELO D, AND TO FAT- TEN TIRED AND WASTED HORSES. Give the horfe two ounces of liver of antimo
ny> which is crocus metallorum umvafhed, in oats and bran nsoiflened, every morning for twenty days together. To Cure the Mange.
Anoint the back bone with mercurial oint- feent every other day, three times, and give the «orfe liver of antimony. C3 F«
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J4 RECEIPTS FOR THE
For i Harfe that is Coflive,
Give hi tri a clyfter of broth, with four ounces of foap, and a handful of fait diffolved in it. To cure a Scouring. Take milk-water, ftrong cinnamon water, of each naif a pint; Venice treacle, diafcordium, of each one ounce; red coral prepared, half an oaiKe; mix and give it to the horfe. To cure a Pgfiittnlial Fever.
Takemilk-wa' :-water, of each half a
pint; Venice treacle, diafcordium, of eai
ounce; diaphoretic antimony, half an ounce; fnake-root powdered, two drams ; mix and give it the horfe. Water for Inflamed Eyes.
Take half a pint of fpring water, add to that
the quantity of an horfe bean of white copperas; and wafh the eyes with this water twice a-day ; it is of great ufe. To cure the Farcin or Farcy.
Firft bleed the horfe. Take red precipitate,
in fine powder, two drams; and make it into a ball with one ounce of Venice treacle, and give it the horfe. After the ball, gWe the following drink: Take Tue, two handfuls; roots of: madder,
fharp pointed dock, of each four ounces; chips of gua iacum wood, faff jfras, of each two ounces; boil them in two quarts of ftale beer, to three pints, then ürain it. Drefs the knots with arfenic. Repeatthe ball and drink every third or fourth
day, for three dofes. Anothet
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CURE OF HORSES, £5
Alio;
Take mifletoe, ftak pifs, honey, and black
foap; infufe them together, a day or two, and then warm them, and wafh your ivx for fix days together; and if the diftemper is not got to too great a head, it will cure it. Another. Let him blood on both fides the neck, and
give him this dsinr.; Take a gallon of fair water, and put in it a
good handful of rue,and a rpooriful of hempfeed, being firft bruiied together in a mortar, then boil them till half is confumed; when it is cold give it him to drink, which being repeated, will cure him. Another.
Steep the regulus of antimony in ale, with a
little of thefpice called Grains of Paradife, and a little fugar; of which give a horfe about half a pint at a time, two or three times, with about a day or two's interna iffion between each, and it will cure hitn. To cure toe Pole-Evil, and Swelled Neck from.
Weeding. Take ointment of marfhmallows, four ounces;
mercury fublimate cörrofive, in fine powder, half an ounce ; mis and apply it to the part. Cordial Balls fir ajlorfe. Take anifeeds, cummin feeds, fenugreek
leeds, carthamus feeds, grains of paradife, colts- foot, turmerick, juniper berries, in fine powder, of each two ounces; flower of fulphur, elecam- pane powder, of each four ounces;, juice of li- Q % queries |
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£Ö RECEIPTS FOX THK
quoricediffolvedon the fire in half a pint of white
wine, fix ounces; chemical oil of anifeeds, one ounce ; honey, half a pound; molaffes, as much as fufficient to mate it into a paße. To cure a Gangreeae and Mortification.
Take of St. John's wort, common Wi r
wood, of each twohandfuls; centaury,camomile flower, of each one handful; bay berries, fix ounces; wood allies, one pound ; boil thefe in fix quarts of water to a gallon ; add to theftrain- cd decoction, fpirit of wine, one quart; cam- phire, one ounce, diffolved in fpirit of turpen- tine, four ounces; bathe the part with woollen cloths dipt in this fomentation, and apply the cloths hot 10 the part. To cure the Strangles.
Takefack, one pint; Venice treacle, diapente,
of each one ounce; faffron, two drams; mix and give it to the horfe. This is a very good cordial for any other diforder where a cordial is proper. Apply outwardly the following poultice to tha
part: Take milk, one quart; rye-flour, oatmeal, of ,
each two handfuls; boil them over a gentle fire till they be thick; then add turpentine, four oun- ces, diflblved in the yolks of two or three eggs. To cure a Blood Spavin. Take up the vein above and below the fuel-
ling, then open the tumour in the middle. To cure a Quitter. Drefs the fare with powder of mercury fubli- mate. For
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CURE OF KOKSES. $)
For a Rheum, or Definition of Humours on the Eyes.
Rowel the horfe on both fides of his neck, and give him liver of antimony. Mr. Thornton of B'oxam, in Lincolnßire, bis receipt,
to cure the Heat in the Horfe's Mouth. Bleed him in the roof of his month, and when
he has champt five or fix minutes upon his Wood, wafh his mouth with white wine vinegar and fait; and after that lubit with fyrup ofblack- berries; repeat th:s unction of iyrup two or three days, two or three times a-day. Balls to cure the Greafe.
Take liver of antimony, gum guaiacum, fenu-
greek feeds, and paffley-feeds, of each four oun- ces, powdered fine; molaffes, as much as is fufficient to make it into a pafte ; give the horfe the quantity of a hen's egg every other morn- ing, aud exercife him well after it, and give him warm water the days he takes them. For the Canter. Take red fage, one handful; honey, four oun-
ces ; boil them in one point of vinegar, then firciu it, and add allum, white vitrol powdered, of each half an ounce; bole armoniac, one ounce; and aPply it to the part cold. Mr. Nicholfon's receipt for Blotches Or Jvtpofiumatians
on a H Take barley-meal, and as much fouthermvood
dried and beat to powder; mix thefe together with the yolks of eggs, till it becomes a falve,- ften lay it on the fwelling, which it will ripen-, fr^ak, and heal. ,C5 T,
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$3 RECEIPTS TOE. TH2
To heal a Wound in a Horfe,
From Portman Seymour, Efq. There is nothing better to heal a wound in a
horfe,than tallow and turpentine mixed together. for a Lax or flux in Horfa, communicated by
Sir Join Packwgton. HCakea quart of ftrong beer, and boil in it half
a dram of the Ihells or coverings of the pome- granate fruit, well dried and beat to powder ; to this you may add half an ounce of dill feed, and as much fenugreek feeds; pafs this through a iieve, arid give the dofe warm to the horfe. For the Glanders, to carry them of.
By General Seymour. Take a quart of old ftrong beer, cut a quarter
cf a pound of figs into it, with two ounce.- oi li- quorice fliced ; boil them together, and add a dram of flower of ginger, and the fame quantity of elecampane and pepper, well powdered; when they are well boiled, put in a quarter of a pound of treacle, and as much frefh butter, with the yolks of two eggs, mixing all well together ; give this to the horfe warm, and keep him warm. lord Orrery s receipt for a Stanguary in a Horfe. Takehalf an ounce of ani&eds, beaten fine in
a marble mos tar; one handful of parlley-roots, or, in lieu of them, half an ounce of parfley-feeds powdered; boil thefe in a quart of old ftrong beer; and when it is ftrained off, put to it a dtam of fine oyfter-fhell powder, and give the jkujUu« to youi horfe warm. |
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99
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CURE OF HORSES.
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Sir J. Packmgton's receipt for a Drop!) in a Horfe.
Bleed your horfe in the neck vein, and anoint
his fore legs with train oil; then turn him to grafs, having firft given him the following dofe: A gallon of ftrong old beer, fet over the fire
till the fcum rifes; take that off, and then add an handful of wormwood with the ftalks, and boil it to a quart; then drain it, and mix with it three ounces of treacle, and put to it an ounce and half of long pepper, or grains of paradife, finely powdered; mix thefe till the compofition is warm, and give it to him for a dofe. A Drink to Diffblve and bring avjay the Glanders.
Take of fack one quart, or for want thereof, ftrong beer; figs, four ounces, well fliced ; and two ounces of diced liquorice ; boil them well- together; then put in ginger in powder, elecam- pane and pepper in powder, of each one dram: when it is boiled enough, put in of treacle five ounces, and of butter the fame quantity, and the yolks of two new laid-eggs beat well together; give it the horfe lukewarm, and order him as- needful, i A drink to bring arm ay the Glanders, iahen other
drinks ha<ve rotted them and brought tkar. to
Suppuration.
Take the beft white wine-vinegar, and the
iharpeft, put in it three whole eggs, let them lie twenty-four hours; then beat them well together, fhells and all, and give it the horfe: You m^y do fo two or three mornings, more or iefs, as you find occaiion; and this will clear off the glanders. |
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QO- RECEIPTS FOR TMS
An Ointment for a fit-am in the C
Take of hog's lard, bole afmaniac, black foap,
and new oil, of each four ounces, put them all" into a fkillet; let the hole be in fine powder ; boil them together a little while, keeping it ftir- ring all the time; put it in a gallipot for ufe; and when you ufe it, rub it in well with your hand, and then beat it with a red hot bar oi iron ; and*thus do once a day till you find amendment. A charge for the fame. Take of black pitch, burgundy pitch, and com-
turpenti-ne, of each two ounces, mix them together; and when all is melted and incorpo- rated, lay it on with a fpatula round the joint, as hot as the horfe can well bear it: clap on flocks all over it while it is hot; and when this peals off lay on another, if there fhould be occafion. A remedy for an harfe that has broke his leg. Firft of all ftt the bone together right in its
place ; then take the bed: bole armoniac, finely powdered, and the whites of three new-laid eggs, mix them well together ; then take fine tow, and fpread itfmooth upon it a little broader than the wound, lay it roundand then take four fplinters, and fplint it indifferent tight, and fo let it lie on nine days (if it do well) before you remove it 'To cure a horfe that has a Ruwiifig of the Reins.
Take of common turpentine, one pound ; put
to it as much of bole armoniac and liquorice, both in fine powder, with as much wheat Hour as will make it up into a ft iff parte. When you have occafion to ufe it, roll it out between your hands;
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St
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CUKE OF HORSES.
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kinds; and break off from it a piece of the big-
nefs of a fmall wafli- ball, and give the hcrfe three of them morning and everting upon the end of a ^Qtick, or in a homful or two of ftrong beer, till you find the flux of feed flopped, which will be in a week, or fortnight's time at fai theft; but it will be very convenient to purge him very well, and cleanfe his body firft of all, before you give him either of thefe medicines; which will not only expedite and haften, but perfect the cure fo much fooner and better. To cure the Mad Staggers in a harfe.
The figns of this difeafe are thefe; he will
foam white foam at the mouth, and will feem dull-headed ; and at that time you will fee a blue film over his eyes; and he will wander much up and down. Be fure to bleed him in both his neck veins,
within one or two days after he complains; and in the third, furrow in the palate of his mouth with the point of your cornet-horn ; you mjiy Hkewife run an awl into the griftles of his nofe, fornething above his noftrils; the bleeding of the mouth and nofe will eafe the pain in the head: then take an handful of rue or herb grafs; three cloves of garlic; or fait and vinegar, each one fpoonful: of acqua vitae, two fpoonfuis; bruife all thefe well together, and then put the one half into one ear, and the other half into the other, with a little wool after it: then tie or ftitch up with a needle and thread the ear faft with two lift garters; prefently after which, fume him at his noftriis through a funnel, with garlic
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$2 RECEIPTS F»R. THE
garlic beat in a mortar, with maftich and Frank-
incenfe mixed together; of thefe make pellets as bic as bullets; lay them on a chafine dilb of coals, and the fmoke will go up through the fun- nel into the head, and much comfort, and cleanie the brain ; fume his head three times a-day till you find him mend ; then give him the water of white poppies (which you may have at any apo- thecary's) at each noltril a fpoonful and half; it will caufe him to deep. Let him (land in a warm dark place, where he may fee no light. Let him have oats and malhes of ground malt, and let his drink be cold water. To cure the Quitter Bone.
The quitter bone grows above the top of the
hoof on thehinder foot, and fometimeson the in- ftep, juft above the hoof on the fine of the foot. Firft, take up the vein in the fmall of the leg;
if it be ob the infide of the leg above the hoof, take up the vein on the infide of the leg: If it be on the outfide, then take up the vein on the outfide. After you have taken up the vein let him bleed well, and put into the wound fome butter and fait: then with a little tow or hurds, or a linen cloth wound about the end of your in- ftrüment, fearrh the quitter bone to the bottom; and where you perceive the matter to come out, there put in your iniirument. When you bave fearched the wound, and made it clean, put into it fome powder of mercury fublimate; then lay a little tow upon the top, with a linen cloth next, and a woollen cloth over all, tied faß that it may not come off; which repeat once a day till the core of the quitter bone is removed; which when
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CURE OF HORSER5;
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when you fee, make this medicine to heal it up:
take of honey one ounce, put it into a pipkin; and when it begins to be hot, put in of verdi- greafe. in fine powder, two drams, and three or four fpoonfuls of white wine vinegar; boil them together for half an hour; then take it off the fire, and when it is cold, take a little fine tow and dip it into it, and put it into the wound, and lay a little dry tow, or hurds over that, and a linen cloth over them; bind them on with a firing, and fo drefs it once a day till you fee it be- gins to heal, then drefs it but once in two days. To take aivay any Rheum from a Horfe's Eye,
and to clear it. Take frefh butter and fait, of each a like quan-
tity ; mix them well together, and take about the bignefs of a fmall walnut, and put it into the horfe's ear, on that fide that the rheum is on; and if the rheum be in both eyes, put it into both ears, and it will dry up the rheum, and clear his eyes; but obferve, you muft few up his ears clofe, or elfe he will fhake it out. to cure a Bite or Stroke in a Horfe's Eye.
Take of honey, ginger in a very fubtle pow-
der, and the juice of celandine, of each a like quantity ; mix them well together, and put it in- to his eyes with a feather twice a-day. For the Eye-lids of a Horfe that are Swelled, and
the infide turned outivards. If you fhould meet with a horfe whofe eye-lids are fo fwelled that the infides of them are turn- ed outwards very red, and, as it were, full of blifters, and yet the ball of the eye found and good ; keep him very warm with a hood of linen cloth
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€<J RECEIPTS FOR TH2
cloth upon his head; and then anoint his eye*
twice a-day with white fugar candy, honey, and white rufe water ; and in two or three days time they will turn into their places again; then bleed him well.in the neck , for it is bad blood and cold rheum, which is the chief occ:fk>n of this diftemper being fettled in the head. Do not clip or^meddle with the bliftered bladders, or any part of the eye, left you mould put out his eyes, or endanger his life, or at leaft caufe your horfe to be blear eyed. To cure the Splint, Spatin, Curb, or any Hard
Snivelling.
Take nerve ointment, four ounces; mercury
fublimate corrofive, in fine powder, half an ounce; camphire, two drams, diffolved in oil'r of origanum, half an ounce; mix, and apply it to the part every other day. For the curb, you muft leave out the mercury
fublimate, and apply it every day. To cure a dry hufiy Cough, •which caufes tie Horfe to
cafl the ßlth and corruption at his Noßrils. Take a head of garlic, and peal every clove
very clean ; then put them into a linen cloth, and boil them in a quart of milk, till the garlic be- comes tender; take it off, and {train it till you have fqueezed the garlic hard, and the juice out; fet it a cooling, then put to it honey, molaffes, of each half a pound, and give it him blood warm. Balls for the -ivcifi of Colds in Horfes. Take a quarter of an ounce of cloves, one
ounce of the flowers of rofemary powdered,, white tartar, feeds of fenugreek, diapente, fyrup of
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CURE..0? HORSES. 65
«if colts foot, honey, of each two ounces; wheat
flour as much as is fufficient to make them into a pafte; give one of them in a morning fafting, and ride him after'it. To cure the Bloo ij Flux, or Piffing of Blood.
Take three pints of new milk, and boil in it, over a gentle fire, five ounces of Ifinglafs, which, when it isdiffolved, will lb thicken the milk, that it will look'.like cream ; then ftrain it through a fieve, to take out the drofs of the ifinglafs that will remain undiffolved, and give it to your horfe lukewarm in the morning fafting; and at twice or thrice giving it will cure him. 71? caufe a Horje to Stale or Pifs freely.
Take the bignefs of a large'walnut of caflile foap, diffolve it in a quart of warm beer, with two ounces of bruifed parlley-feed ; give it him, and ride him moderately after it, then fet him up warm. To cure the Vi-ues in a Horfe.
Take black pepper in fine powder, one ounce; hog's lard, a fpoonful: the juice of an handful of rue, and two fpoonfuls of vinegar; mix them well together, and put fonie into each of the horfe's ears, and fo tie or Hitch them clofe; then let him bleed in the neck and temple veins. A Drench for a Horfe that has the Megrim. Take of the tops of rofemary, about three ounces, and chop rhem fmall; then take a quar- ter of a pound of fweet butter, and work them with it; then break it in pieces, and roll it into feveral balls as big as walnuts. Then holding up the horfe's head, put them
gently down his throat, and ride the horfe eafily about
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66 RECEIPTS FOR THE
half an hour to mate the medicine work.
This is good for a horfe in fieiiv. After you have given him a gentle fweat, the
bails v, u's (loinach and bowels, and at the lime help the head.
This mail be given to the horfe early in the Of ihr Coaits Evil, or Shedding of the Seed.
■For the coalt-evil, take the powder of anifeeds,
:" betony, equally proportioned;
femp them wilh white wine till they come to a
thin pafte; with which mixture anoint the lore,
and it will cure that imperfection in the yard.
But if the horfc fhed his feed, then take Venice
turpentine and fugar mixed together, and give him every morning a ball until the flux is flop- ped : if you add a little of the inner bark of oak, it is very good ; or the powder of an acorn is ftill better. This diftemper commonly happens in Auguft, and when it is very hot weather, in May. For the Bladder in a Htrfe's Mautb. The cure is to open them with a lancet; and
then preffing out the corruption, walh the fore place three or four times a-day with warmallum. water, in which fome red fage and a little honey has been boiled. Of the Bloody Rifts in the Palate of the Mmth.
Firft wafll the fore place with vinegar and fait till it be raw ; then takehoney, well mixed with the powder of jett, and rub it upon the fore, and it will foon heal h; orelfeboilan handful of the inner bark of elm in a pint and half of fpring- vvater.
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f:r
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CURE OF HORSES.
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, till it comes to half the quantity, adding
ä little honey to the decoftion; and ufe it Warm twice or thrice a day. - To cure the Chords in a Horfe.
Take of diapente, half an ounce; powder of
i d, one ounce; faffron powdered, half a dram; honey, an ounce and half; frefh butter, mnces ; ftrorig beer, one pint and ha] ' eft vinegar, half a pint; beat triefe and mix
over the fire till the butter and honey are Hielted; then take the mixture and give it the horfe milkwarrrt fafting. After which walk him till he is warm, then
f'.:t him up, and tie him upon the bit five or fix hours ; cloath and litter him up warm, and after that give him a little hay, and then a maul; but r;o water of any fort that night. The next day, in the morning, give him ano-
ther mafh; and about nine or ten o'clock warm water and bran ; and continue this practice for four or five days. Then cut him, and in that operation, obfrtve that he muft be cut at the very bottom of the breaft, where you fee the vein; under which, vein lies the great finew. When you .fee where the vein lies, draw the fkia afide which lies over the vein, and cut that part of the (kin an inch or more juft upon the vein : then with your cornet horn's point make a little waV, and you will fee a blue film lie over the vein ; chafe that with your cornet to pieces, till you come to fee the clear vein, and then with your cornet-horn draw the vein afide with one hand, and put the point of your cornet under the finew, and with it raife the finew above the fkm, cutting
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§8 RECEIPTS FOR THE
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cutting it immediately quite afundef and the»
let it go. Then put a little butter and fait into the
wound, and heal it up with common turpentine and tallow mixed together. Walk then the horfe an hour at a time, twice
a-day, for five or fix days; and if you find, that with the firft drink the cold breaks at his noftrils, ■* the*n give him the fame drink again, at three or four days diftance between each drink, and order him as directed at firft. To make Dhfente.
Take the roots of both ariflolochia's, fine
myrrh, bay berries, (havings of ivory, orhart's- horn, and the roots of gentian, of each fair ounces; when they have been gently dried, make them into a fine powder, which muft be kept ia a glafs bottle, and a dry place. For « Strain. Take of hog's lard, nerve oil, bole armoniac,
and caftile foap, of each one pound ; boil them well together, keeping them ftirring till the com- pofition is cold; keep it in a pipkin for your ufe; and when you have occafion, anoint the place af- fecled with this unguent warm, rubbing it well in, Of Piffing Blood, and the Remedy.
This diftemper comes from fome drain ; when- ever you find it, bleed the horfe, and give him fome ftyptic liquor (which may be had at any apothecary's) about a large fpoonful in a pint of warm ftrong beer, which will bring him to order. For a Pain in the Kidneys, or the Sto;;e. Take a handful of maidenhair and fteep it for twelve
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«ÜH.E OF HOB.SF.5.
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twelve hours in a quart of ftrong beer, and give
it the horfe to drink every morning till he is well, adding to every draught about tea drops of fpirit of turpentine. To cure the Spleen In Horfe s.
Take agrimony, and boil one handful of it in the water which the horfe is to drink mornings and evenings, chopping the leaves fmail when they are Doiied; then mix them well with frefh butter, to be made into balls; of which give to the horfe two or three at a time in the m i n.ner of pills, with a horn of old ftrong beer after each ball. Ordering of wlarei after Foaling.
Asfoon as your mare hath foaled, you fhould remove her into the belt grafs you have, which is frefh and unfoiled, to make her milk fpririg; and if it be early in the year, take care that there be good fhelterfor her, and let hercolt run with her moft part of the fummer following. For a Mare after Foaling, ivhen fie has a difficulty
of Cleaning. If your mare has been difficult in foaling, or
cannot cleanfe after fhe has foaled, take a quart of old ftrong beer, and boil it in an handful of fennel, with a fourth part of the beft oil olive, ar>d mix them well together. Give this to the ma''e milk warm, by pouring it into her noflrils, and holding the a up and flopping them clofe till fhe ftrain her whole body, and it will pre- fently give her eafe. Ordering a Colt after Weaning.
When you intend to wean your foals, you muft
take from them their dams overnight, and drive
4 them
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JO RECEIPTS FOR THE
them into fome empty houfe where they may reft,
and the mares be free from their noife. On the morning following, give to every foal
fafting, a fprig or two offpavin, rolled up in bat- ter, and let him faft for two hours: then give him a little meat, as grafs, hay, or chaff, with qe clear water : and repeat this management
three days fucceffively, when they will have for- got their dams; then geld fuch colt foals as you intend to make geljtings of; and after their fwel- lings are paft, put them with your other colt foals into a pafture by themfelves, and your fillies into another by themfelves. Thefe paftures lhould be Sarge fpacious pieces of ground, where they may run till they are ready for the faddle. To provoke Laß in Alar es. If you have any particular opportunity of a
fine ftalliOD, when your mare isnot naturally dif- pcfed to receive him, o? will not {land to be co- vered: in this cafe, to provoke luft in her, give her drink of clarified honey and newmilk mixed together: and then with a bufh of nettles pat her hinder pans, and immediately after offer her the horfe, which fhe will receive. For the Cholic or Belly bound.
Take of dill or fennel, a handful, or, in the
room of the herbs, take an ounce of the feeds of either of them, with a ouart of maitfrelh ground, and boil them in the water you give your horfe to drink ; but if he cannot dung, then you may boil in his water one handful of fenuereek, and xt will loofen his body, and bring him to order. |
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cure or horses. 71
Of Dlfeafes in Jixfes Bars t and firfl of the Lave
Ears, or hanging Ears. The hanging of his ears is called by fome the
lave ears; and although it is not any pain to the^horfe, yet it is a difgrace to fee Mai in this appearance, and fo difagreeable to every behold- er, that it even hides and oHcures all other vir- tues. It is an infirmity proceed! ng fron: nature, and although few of our farriers either have en- deavoured or know how to help it, yet fuch has been the care o£ others to know the true caufe of it, that, bywying many cqnclufions, in the end they hfve hit upon a certain-cure, and have lately helped many horfesin that Condition. The cure is this; take your horfe's ears, and place therri in fuch a manner as you would defire they fhould ftand, and then, with two little boards, three fingers broad, and having k 3 fixed to them, bind the ears fo faft in the places where-
in they ftand, that by no means or motion they may für. Betwixt the head and the root of the ear, you
will difcover a great deal of wrinkled empty fkin, which with your finger and thumb you snuft lift up, and then with a fharp pair of fciffars clip away all the thin fkin clofe to the head.; after which, with a needle and filk you muft flitch the two edges of the fkin clofe together ; and then with a Calve made of turpentine, bees-wax, deers fuet, and honey, of each a like quantity, melted together, heal up the fore. Which done, take away the fpiints which fupported the ears, and the
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I'l RECEIPTS FOR THE
the ears will keep upright and in the fame place
as you fet them.
Of Cramps, or Carevulfions of the Sinews or Mufdes.
Cramps, or convulfions of the finews, are vio-
lent contractions or drawings together of mem- bers, either throughout the whole body, or par- ticularly in one member; they proceed either from caufes na ural, or caufcs accidental: if from natural caufes, they either come from too great fulnefs or emptinefs. When from fulnefs, they proceed from a for-
feit of meat or drink, or the want of proper eva- cuation ; when from emptinefs, they come from too much blood letting, or too much purging, or too much labouring; all which fill the hollownefs of the finews with cold windy vapours, which are the only great caufes of convulfions. If they come from caufes accidental, then it is from fome received wound, where a finew is but half cut afunder, or only pricked, which preiently caufeth a convulfion over the whole body. The figns of the difeafe are: The horfe will carry his neck fliff, and not be able to ftir it; his back will life up like the back of the camel, or like a bent bow ; his crupper will fhrink inward, his fore legs will ftand clofe together, and his beily will be clung up to his back bone; when he lies down he is not able to rife, efpecially from the weaknefs in his hinder limbs. This difeafe is frequent among horfes, and the
cute is this: Firft fweat him, either by burying him all,
fave the head, in a dunghill, or tlfe by applying hot
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CURE OF HORSES.
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hot blankets doubled about each fide of his heart
and body; then, after his fweat, anoint all his body over with oil of petrolium ; for it is much better than oil of bay, or oil of cyprefs. Then give him to drink the following liquor,
viz. Tike one dram of afafoetida, with ani- feeds, feeds of fenugreek, and cummin-feeds, of each half an ounce; put thefe into a quart of ftrong white wine, and add to the compofition three or four large fpoonfuls of oil of olive; keep- ing him warm after the drink, and feeding hira with good bean bread, and warm mafhes, made of ground malt and warm water, and his finews will foon come to their former ability. 3ut if theconvulfion comes accidentally, asby
the prick, or half cut of a iinew, then fearch for the wounded finew, and with a pair of fciffars clip it afunder, and the convulfion will ceafe: but if it be a cramp only, and fo but in one member, then if you do but chafe or rub the grieved part with a hard whip or hay rope, the pain will ceafe. Of the Impoßbume in the Ear. Take one handful of forrel, and wrap it in a
burdock leaf; let this roaflin hot embers till the forrel is foftened; apply this as hot as poffible to the impüftfvumated part within the ear, fhifting it every day till it hath ripened and broke it. J Drench fir a Hcrfe that is feeble and faint, and frequently attended nuitb a Celdnefs or Shivering. Take the leaves of cowflips, hyffop, harts-
tongue, and liverwort, of each a handful, chopt frnall; add to thefe the roots of birthwort, gen- tian, elecampane dried, to which put fome D long |
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74 RECEIPTS, &C
long pepper; fo that when they are beaten and
powdered, there may be an equal quantity of each, i.e. as much of each fort as may fill a com- mon fpoon ; mix thefe well together, and put to them an ounce or two of common treacle, or elfc a fpoonful of honey. Boil all thefe together in a quart of ftrong beer
till thf liquor is reduced to a pint, then ftrain it, and give it to the horfe milk-w3rm. This drink, as it will make the horfe dry, will
perhaps make him lofe his appetite to eat; but if you perceive this, give him a warm maih. You may repeat the drench two or three times,
refting three days between each time, and muft keep the horfe in a warm ftable on the days he has taken the drench. For the Yelloius.
Take of diapente an ounce, put it into a fkillet with a pint and a half of mild beer; then fet it on the fire, and let it juft boil: then take it off the fire, and put to it four ounces of common treacle, and two ounces of butter; ftir them well logether, and give it your horfe blood-warm in a horn, walking him a while after it: and fet him in a warm fhble. Another fir the fame, more comfortable.
Take of diapente an ounce and a half, put it
into a fkillet, with a pint and a half of white wine: fet it on the fire, and let it juft boil; then take it off the fire, and diffolve it in one ounce of London treacle, and two ounces of butter; ftir them well together, and give it the horfe as before, keeping him warm as in taking phyfic. * \ OBSER-
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OBSERVATIONS fcf RECEIPTS
FOR THE
Cure of mofi Common Dißempers
INCIDENT TO
OXEN, COWS, and CALVES.
WHEN yon go to buy cattle, whether for
theftall.the draught, or the pail, always take the youngeft, rather than thofe that are old and barren. And though fome cattle are chofen by their ftrength, and fome by the greatnefs of their bodies; yet the befthave commonly thefe properties: large, well-knit, and found limbs: a long, large, and deep-fided body, white horned, broad fore-head, great eyed and black; the ears rough and hairy, the jaws large and wide, the lipsblaclcifh, theneck »veil brawned and thick, the moulders broad, the hide not hard or ftub- born in feeling, the belly deep, the legs well fet, full of finews, and ftraigbt, rather fhort than Jong, the better to fuftain the weight cf their body ; the kqees ftraight and great; the feet, one far from another, not broad, nor turning in, but eafily fpreading; the hair of all their body thick and fhort, their tail long, and big haired. »2 All
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70 RECEIPTS FOR THE
All country people know the benefit and ad-
vantages, anfing from keeping of oxen, cows, and calves; and therefore wefhall here only lay down foroe neceffary obfervations and receipts for the cure of fuch difiempers as they are liable tu. A geweral Drink either for Ox, Canv, or Calf, that
is ill. Take three or four garlic heads, a quart of new milk, three fpoonfuls of tar, and two fpoon- fuls of tWeet oil; infufe them for fome time, and give it at one dofe. A cure for the Murrain, or Plague among Cattle. Take of the herb of angelica, one handful; of rue thefame'quantity; chop them together; then take of tar half a pint; of foap four ounces; and fait half an handful: make it into an eledluary, and give it to every beaft in the quantity of ä fmallegg, rubbing their nofes with tar. Of the Lofs of Appetite in Cows and Oxen.
You may perceive this when cattle of this fort do not chew the cud, which is occafioned through the wart of digeftion, they then forbear their meat, and do not lick themfelves as ufual; their eyes are dull, and they have frequent belchlngs. To cure this, or reftore them to their appetite, nfe the following medicine, viz. Take of rue and pellitory of Spain, of each one handful; of featherfew, horehound, red fage, and bay-fait, of each a like quantity; put thefe ingredients into five pints of ale-wort, and boil them for a fhort fpace; and then, {training off the liquor, give about a pint at a time milk-warm to each beaft every
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CURE OF OXEN, &C."
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every morning, not fuffering them to drink till
the afternoon. Thenegie&ing of this diftemper will occafion
the beafl to be violently pained, which one may perceive bv its fuddenly ftarting from one place to another; which when you perceive, there is no better remedy than to tie his tail clofe by the body, as tight as poffible, giving him then a pint of ftrong white wine, with half a pint of olive oil, driving him afterwards a mile or two as faft as you can get ham along ; and after fome Hrtle reft- ing, drive him yet a mile farther, which wiiloc- cafion the medicine to operate. A Remedy for a Co-vj that is Back-ßrained, or has
the Running. Take comfrey, archangel, knot-grafs, plan-
tain, and fhepherd's purfe, a handful of each; boil thefe, tied up in bunches, in about five pints of ale-wort; or, for want of that, in middling beer, free from the yeft, till the liquor is ftrong of the herbs; then add an ounce of anifeeds, ana about a quarter of a pound of bole armoniac, finely- powdered: when thefe have boiled again, put in about half a pound of treacle; and when it is ftrained or palled through a fieve, give half the liquor to a cow in the morning, and the other half, the morning following, not fuffer.ing her to drink till the afternoon. This ftiftemper is not unlike the running of the
reins in other creatures. Of the difiemper called the Tail.
Tnedifeafe called the tail, is by fome farmers
«ailed the wolf. This is uncovered by a ft ftoefs
l> 3 between
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^8 RECEIPTS FOR. THE
between fome of the joints of the tail appearing
as if the joints had been feparated from one ano- ther, or ibme of the legaments broken. You ought, particularly where you are appre-
henfive of this cafe, with your finger and thumb to feel between every joint of the tail; and where you find any divifion or opennefs between the bones, or any remarkable foftnefs between the joints, to flit that part with a fharp knife length- ways/or the other fide of the tail, about two inches, laying in the wound the following com- poiition: Sea or common fait, wood-foot and garlic, well
beaten and mixed together, of each a like quan- tity ; binding them up with a bit of linen cloth. Of the Flux, or Lax, or Scour in Cattle. When a beaft is troubled with this diftemper,
you may be fure he will lofe his flefh more in a day, than he can recover in a week or ten days. The remedy is, in the firft place, to keep them from drinking much: and, fecondly, to give them, little meat the firft day: or, as fome would have, keep them fading for twelve hours at leaft. There are feveral drinks which you may give them on this occafion, that have been experienced to be extremely ferviceable to them, fuch as the follow- ing) viz. The ftones of grapes or raifins, beaten to powder, to the quantity of a quarter of an ounce, and boiled in a quart of ftrong ale or beer, maybe given warm in a morning. For want of this, you may ufe as much of the
inner bark of oak boiled with ftrong ale or beer wort, or ftrong malt drink, free from yeft, ftrain- ed
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CURE OF OXEN, &.C. 79
cd after boiling, and giving them about a quart
in a morning, being ff ft iweetened with an ounce of coarff fugar well dried oefjre the fire. Some ehoofe to boil in this mixture a handful of worm- wood, and an ounce of bole armoniac. We have another receipt relating to the fame
cafe, which is lifcewife very fuccefsful, viz. Take rue, red fage, and roman wormwood,
if you can get it, or otherwife, our common wormwood mav ferve ; Ifired of each of thefeone handful, and boil thera ha If an hour in ale-wort, or good drink free lrom yeft ; then put in four ounces of b .!e araion-iac, and about an ounce of the grains powdered, with a piece of butter with- out fait; lettheie boil a little, and give half the quantity to a c w or bullock in the morning, keeping them from water two or three hours af- terwards ; and then, miffing a day, give them the other half. Of the Cough in Coirs and Bullocks.
Some farmers, when they perceive this among
their cattle, rightly judge, that if not foon re- moved, it may prove of dangerousconfequen.ee; and, theref »re, in the beginning, give them the following medicine, viz. A pint of barley rpeal, the yolk of an egg, sind
two or three ounces of raifios, boiled in a quart of ale-wort, and well mixed together, for them to take in the morning falling; always fuppofing that the groffer parts muft be taken out of the draught before you give it to the cow or ox; as the raifios in this cafe, for example. Another methad, which is famous among the
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86
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»ECE1PTS FOR TIIK
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country people, is, to take a large handful of
hyffop and boil it in water, afterwards ßrainisg the water from the hylfop, and mixing it either with wheat flower, or barley flour, and to give it the beaft to drink. Or elfe, You may boil hyffüp in ale-wort, about the
fame quantity, and give it a cow or an ex that has the cough, with good fuccefs. Sometimes thefe caitle, when they have the
eoifgb, will be led into a confumption of the lungs; to prev« nt ftl ich, letter them in the dew- lap, and give thetn two ounces'of the juice of leeks boiled in a quart of ale. In defperate cafes, boil the feeds of fenugreek,
of anife, and bay-berries, of each half an ounce; 2nd madder, two ounces, in two quarts of good ale, free from theyeft, till the liquor lofes a fourth jiart. It mud be noted, that the madder and feeds
ir.uft be well beaten and mixed together before you put them into the ale; and after the liquor is paffed through a tieve, while it is yet warm, fweeten it with treacle, and give it in the morn- ing. The Kibe in a Bullock, an J its Cure.
You may know when a cow or bullock has a
fever, by the watering of their eyes, their heads will be heavy, their pulfation quick, and their body much hotter than ufual; moreover, you way obferve a vifcous liquid to fall from their mouths. The morning following, let him blood in the
tail:
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CURE OF OXEN, &C.
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• tail; and an hour after give him the following
medicine, viz. Take one handful of the young ftalks of cole-
wort, if they are to be had ; or, for want of thefe, as much of cabbage leaves, or favoy leaves, or the leaves of curled wort; boil thefe in a quart or three pints of common water, with a little fait; and after {training it off, add a little frefh butter, ftirring it till it is entirely diffolved : an ounce of treacle may likewife be mixed with this medi- cine, and given milk warm for four or five morn- ings fucceffively, while they are fading. Some farmers and others boil the colewort
ftalks in fmall beer, which is judged to be even better than the water and fait. Others boil barley or malt in water, and then
boil the colewort ftalks,. and add butter-and fait to the medicine. Of the Stoppage of Urine in a. Conjj or Bullock, and
the Method of Cure. This diftemper is fuppofed to be the gravel in
the kidneys when it firft appears. We have frequently, in examining the kidneys
of oxen and cows, met with rough ftones in thofe- parts, even to the number of an hundred, in one of them about the bignefs of a wheat corn. But this gravel or ftone, let us call it which we
will, isfometimes found in the bladders or urina- ry paffagesof thefe creatures, and then it is beft to kiil them at once; for if vou obferve them two or three days without watering, you may know it is not in the kidneys alone. If the diflemper fliould happen to be in tha
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82 RECEIPTS FOR THE
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kidneys, as you may perceive by the cattle's dif-
ficulty of watering and groaning at that time, give them the following medicine, viz. Boil of parlley, fiaallage, or green cellery, faf-
fafras, alexanders, and rue, of each one handful, in about two quarts of old beer; ftrain this off, then pafs it through a fieve when it is ftrong of the jjerbs: then put in of the liquorice fliced, anifeed, cummin-feed, coriander-feed, and tur- meric, of each an ounce: and boiling them again in the liquor till it is ftrong of the laft ingre- dients, add frelh butter and treacle to it, to the quantity of a quarter of a pound of each. This will ferve for two mornings.
N. B In this cafe fome of the moft curious
will put in about a quarter of an ounce of fine oyfter fhell powder, or two or three drams of powder of crabs eyes. When the diftemper is fo far advanced that
the very yard of the bullock is fuppofed to be flopped by gravel, it is advifed by fome of the farmers to cut them; but it has been fometimes eafed by putting a fmall wire up the penis like a catheter. 1he Kibe in a Bullock, and its Cure-
One receipt for a kibe, which has proved of very good ufe, is, firft, to cut it with a (harp knife, and then to apply the following medicine with fine tow to the wound, viz. Take an ounce of verdigreafe finely beaten
and lifted: work this into a falve with two ounces of fine foap, and drefs the kibe with it. Of
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CURE OF OXEN, 8cC. 83
Of the Yellows in a Cow or Bullock, which fame call
the Pa/ite/s. This diftemper is called by fome the gall in
cattle, and may be known by the running of the eyes, and a large quantity of yellow wax in their ears; as alfoby a yellowne.fs appearing underthe upper lip. This diftemper commonly proceeds from the
cattle's eating fome unwholefome food, or from poor diet. The remedy for it is as follows, viz. Take of wood foot finely powdered, an ounce;
plantain and rue, of each a handful; garlic, eight large cloves ftavnped ; hempfeed, an ounce; or the tops of hemp, an handful; boil thefe in three pints of f 1 e(h human urine, or as much old beer; and'when it has paffed through a fieve, give about a quart of the liquor to a large bullock; then rub his tongue and the roof of his mouth with fait, and chafe his back with human urine. When a Beaß is dißrderedin his Lungs.
The Re?nrdy. You may perceive this diftemper in a beaft by
the great weaknefs in his legs, fo that he will hardly be able to ftand, although he may feem fit and in good order for the butcher at the fame time. The following medicine in this cafe may beufed, viz. Bruife eight cloves of garlic, and take one
handful of wormwood, with as much liverwort; boil thefe gently in a quart of ale, free from the yeft, and paffing the liquor through a fieve, add an ounce of madder finely powdered, half a dram »f whole pepper, and about a dozen cloves; D 6 which, |
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KEGEIFTS FOE THE
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which, as foon as they have boiled enough to
.give the liquor a pungency iufficient, clear them off, and fweeten it with two ounces of treacle, giving it to the cow or ox milk-warm. Of the Hid?•bound; or the Diftemper called the Gar-
guf, in Kine; from Mr. Sbwttleivortb, ofSJix.
This diftemper fhews itfelf commonly between
the claws in cows or oxen, by blifterin-g there. Tf) cure which, you muft firft draw a hair line
between the claws, or hoofs, in the buffering part, till it bleeds. You muft then take a handful of the leaves of
the plant called moth-mullein ; boil this in a quart of milk, and give it the cow in a morning fafting; or elfe boil it in ale, or ale-wort rather, becaufe there ought to be no yeft. Of the Gargyfs.
The diftemper called thegargyfe, is a fwelling on one fide of the eye, in manner ofaboil, botch, or buboe. This is as dangerous a diftemper as any that can attend cattle. Cut with a fharp penknife or lancet this fwelling round about,.as deep as the fkin, to prevent its falling into the muzzle of the beaft, which will certainly happen, if not timely prevented by this method, and prove mortal. When you have opened the ikin, as above di-
rected, wafh the wound with the following pre- paration, viz. Frefh human urine and fait muft be gently fim-
mered over a fire together, and when it is near cold, wafh the fwelling, and the part that has been
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CURE OF OXEN, &C.
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been cut with it, mornings and evenings, till trie
fwelling abates; at the fame time giving the beaft every other morning, fome flour of fulpher in warm ale, or ale-wort. When youdrefs this botch or boil, have parti-
cular regard to fcrape off, or clean the boil and the wounded part from the little bliftersor puf- tules even till you come to the quick, and the fore has ceafed running. When the fwelling is quite gone, anoint the
wound and fore part with nerve oil and honey boiled together, while the preparation is milk- warm, and it will foon heal. A general Remedy for Cattle that Lozvr, or lofe the
Cad. Take a handful of the inner rind of elder, a
handful of rue, and as much lung-wort, if it can eafily be had, otherwife it may be let alone; chop them fmall, and put them into three quarts- cf ale free from the yeft, or in as much ale-wort; boil thefe till they are foft, then für them ; then add half an ounce of long-pepper, half an ounce of grains, half an ounce of liquorice, half an ounce of anifeeds, a quarter of an ounce of cummin- feeds, an ounce of turmeric, and as much fenu- greek-feeds, all well beaten, with a quarter of a pound of madder; and while ail thefe are boil- ing, take a large bowl difh, and put into it an handful of bay-falt, twelve cloves of garlic, four new laid eggs, fhells and all; grind all thefe to- gether with a wooden peftil, till they are well mixed, with fome of the liquor; then add the whole body of the decoction as hot as may be, letting
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RECEIPTS FOR-THE
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letting the whole ftand toother till it is no
warmer than milk from the cow, brewing it well together: give the beaft half the quantity to drink, while it is yet warm, two mornings fuc- ceffive'.y, keeping the ox or cow warm that takes it, for four or five hours after, before you give them any water. Tor a Conju or Bulloch that is Clue-bound.
'Take caftile foap, or what fome call caftle- foap, half a pound; to this add treacle and but- ter, of each a like quantity; put thefe into three pints of foft water wherein chaik has been in- fufed, though fome would recommend (land-lee; of either of thefe liquors take three quarts; and when the whole is diffolved and mixed, give half the medicine to your cow or bullock in a morn- ing, before they have drank, keeping them in a houfe till noon. Repeat this medicine two mornings. If yet the beaft fhould be too much bound
in his body, or the medicine fhould not happen to operate, give him iome ball made of butter and riff fand. For Oxen that are galled or bruifed in the Neck by
the Tote. Take train oil, and grind it well with white lead, till it becomes a falve; with this anoint the grieved part, and it will prefently heal the fore, and difcharge the fwelling. Of the Scab in Cows or Oxen.
This diftemper chiefly comes from poornefs of diet, and is very infectious among cattle, fpread- ing itfelf prefently through a whole herd. It is fome
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cure or oxen, &e. 87
fometimes occafioned by the want of water in
fummer time. The beft way of curing is, to make a ftrong
decoction of tobacco-ftalksin human urine, and to wafh the infecled parts frequently with it; at the fame time giving the beaft the following drink: Take of rue, angelica, of each a handful:
fhred thefe herbs fmall, and boil them in three quarts of ale without yeft, or new wort, and add an ounce or two of the flour of lulphur, with butter and treacle, of each three ounces; giving it to the bullock at two mornings. When this diftemper happens to any bullock,
it will foon reduce him to a leannefs and poverty of flefh; wherefore bleed him, and you may give him the following medicine, v'z. Of old human urine a quart, in which mix a
handful of hen's dung, or half a handful of pi- geon's dung, and give it to the beaft to drink. Of the blujk in a Bullock, &c. Takehyffop, the fmallercentaury, celandine,
marfhrnallows, of each an handful; boil thefe in ale free from the yeft, or in three quarts of ale- wort ; then add about three ounces of cow-fpice, with treacle and butter, of each fix ounces. This will make dwo dofes; to be given every other morning. A Drink for a Bullock that has the Bloody Scour,
or the Bloody Flux. Take of elder buds, or elder flowers, a hand-
ful ; if the elder flowers are dry, take two ounces of
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88 RECEIPTS OFRTflE
of them; hyflbp, mallows, and celandine,- a
handful of each. If the cow or bullock be large, boil thefe in
five pints of old ftrong beer; but if it be but for a fmall breed, boil thefe in three pints; to which add anifeeds and liquorice, of each about two ounces, more or lefs, as the bullock is larger or fmaller, with treacle and butter, of each fix oun- ces; put them to madder powder about two ounces. When you givey our bea ft thisdrink, keep him
warm, and give him warm mafhes, in each of which about a quarter of an ounce of oak bark has been grated. While this di (tern per isupon him,do not fuffer
him by any means to drink cold water, but pre- vent his third by mafhes only. ' Of Imfoflhumes.
When any botch or boil appears upon a bul-
lock, take white lily roots, and boil ihem in a quart or three pints of milk, till they are foft; then beat them with the milk till they become a pulp, and lay them on hot to the grieved place, which will occafion it to become fofter by degrees, till it will be fit to open ; which feme do with a hot iron, and others do with a penknife, warning well the part afterwards with brandy and water. To heal a wound of this kind, it is a common
practice to ufe tar, turpentine, and oil mixed to- gether. Tor a Sine-w Strain.
When a beaft is {trained in his fmews, orit ap-
pears that his finews are weak, take mafhmal- lows and chickweed, of each a handful; boil them
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I
«URE OF OXEN, fee. 8§
them in a quart of vinegar, adding three or four
ounces of tallow; or for want of vinegar, ufe the dress of ftale beer. With this mixture, while it is very hot, bathe
the grieved part. For an Inflammation in the Lungs of a Bulloch.
A cow or bullock troubled with this diflemper
will difcover it by holding its head higher than common, and drawing its wind with difficulty; it will likewife be chiefly in a {landing pofiurtf, without caring to lie down, and will groan very much. The cure is to bleed it in the neck, and then
give it the following dofe, viz. Take lungwort, celandine, and hyflbp, of each
a handful ; of the fmaller centaury, dried, half a handful; elder flowers dried, an ounce: or for want of them, four ounces of eider tops: boil thefe well together in a quart of ale-wort, or, in lieu of that, in a quart of ale free from yeft ; thea prefs the herbs, and lira in the liquor from them, putting at the fame time to it an ounce and half of cow-fpice, or for want of that, anifeed, and fenugreek feeds, of each one ounce, with about' an ounce'and half of liquorice fliced; boil thefe together for a little while, and add of butter and treacle fix ounces each, which will make a medi- cine to be given two Uicceffive mornings. The fettering of a buliock (in this diftemper)
in the dew-lap with hellebore has proved effectual. An Unguent for Conus and Bullocis that have any
Sore or Wound about them. Take hog's lard finely rendered, fix ounces; honey,
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»ECEIPTS FOR THE
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honey, an ounce and half; bees-wax and rofin,
of each half an ounce; ftir thefe over a gentle fire together till they melt. An Ointmentjor a Bullock or a Cow that has a/'veil-
ing attending any -wound. Take of hog's lard, linfeed oil, and red lead,
of each three ounces. Melt the oil and hog's lard together; then add
the red lead, and ftir it well off the fire till the compofition is cold. This falve being warmed and diffolved with
a hot iron, may be rubbed upon the fwollen part once a-day, and it will certainly take the fwel- ling down. A Water for an old Wound or Sore in a Bullock or
Cow. Take of white copperas, three ounces? roch-
allum, one ounce and a half; bole armoniac, fix or leven ounces; let thele be finely pulve- rised a'-d mixed together, putting them then in a glazed earthen veffel over the fire, and ftir them for about fifteen or eighteen minutes, till they feem to be well incorporated. Take offthen the mixture, and let it cool; after
which beat the compofition in a marble mortar, till it is reduced to a fins powder. . You muft then boil three quarts of~fpring wa-,
ter, which fhould rather be that arifing from a fpringof chalk than any other; and clofely cover it while it is boiling. After the water has boiled for five minutes,
pour it hot into a clean veffel, and mix with it about
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«URE OF OXEN, &C.
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about three ounces of the powder, ftirring it well
as foon as the powder is put in. In two or three days this water will be well
fettled, and then alter it, and preferve the clear liquor, in a bottle well flopped. When you have occafion to ufe this water,
make it as hot as it can be endured upon the af- fecled place, dipping a linen rag into it, and ap- plying that tu the wound ; which may be repeated at leaf]: twice, if not three times the firft day, and afterwards bind upon the fore a piece of linen cloth well foaked in the faid water. . If the wound ha ppens to be deep, even though there may be a fiftula, force in fome of this water warm with a fyringe, and it will even cure this diftemper. An O'utment for a Green wound in a Bullock or
Conv. The ointment of tobacco is of excellent ufe on
this occafion, andiseven goodif any of thefinews are hurt; therefore a farmer who keeps a great number of aattle fhould not be without it, no more than oil of turpentine. Bees-wax, rofin, frefh butter, or hog's lard,
with turpentine, alfo makes an excellent plafter for frefh wounds in cattle; and it is remarkable, that upon the application of this ointment, no flies or infects can come near the wound. Oj the Haw, or other Diferfes in the Eyes of Cattle, which accafi-M Weeping or inflammation, or for
the Pin or Web, When you perceive the eyes of cattle to be
fore, and flowing with water, take at' white cop- peras, |
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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peras, the quantity of half a dram, in the lump?
and diffblve it in fpring water about half a wine pint; wafh the eyes of the beaft with the water twice or thrice a-day. But if the eyes are much inflamed, wafh them
with eyebright water, mixed with an equal quan- tity of the juice of houfe leek. Or, on the fame occafion, where there is dan-
ger of a pin or web, or when a bead has received *ny cut or ftroke crofs his eyes, ufe the following powder, viz. Take a new laid egg, and having taken out
half the white, fill it up with fait, and a little fine flour of ginger; wrap this in a wet cloth, and roaft it hard in fome hot cinders or embers; then- beat it to powder, fhell and all; and when it is finely pulverized, keep it ciofely flopped in a bottle for ufe. When you ufe this powder, blow a little of it
through a quill into the eye of the beaft, espe- cially in that which feerns the moft inflamed. For the Bite of a mad Dog, Viper, of Slow Worm.
Takes pisst of olive oil, and infufein that four
or five baudfuls of plantain leaves, fined fmall, for eight or nine days; then boil thefe together till the leaves grow crifp, and ftrain it into a gla- red earthen vefTel, and anoint the part with it frequently till the wound or fore is healed. This is an oil generally ufed by the viper catchers. Some make the following plafter ; of bole ar-
moniac, fanguis drac< nis, barley meal, with the leaves of plantain fhred final!, 01 beaten together in a mortar, and then beat up with whites oi |
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CURE OF OXEN, &C. <5g
feggs. This ferves as a plafter to be laid on frelh
every morning and evening. Of the tailing down of the Palate.
When a beau: labours hard and wants water,
he is commonly attacked with the falling down of the palate; he will yet endeavour to eat,but •to little purpofe. To remedy this, the beaft muH be caff, and
you may then thruft up the palate with your hand ; and as foon as that is done, bleed him in the fame place, and anoint the wounded part with honey and fait well mixed together, turning him then to grafs; for dry meat is by no means proper for him. A Remedy fir Bruifes in Cattle.
Take brooklime two handfuls; chop it fmall,
and boil it in tallow, or in hog's lard, for fifteen minutes, and apply it warm to the affected place. A Mixture for a Ltwienefs it. a Cow or Bulloch,
or kvben tbey are Shculder-fztched, or Cup [prune Take of oil of turpentine, two ounces; oil of peter, and oil of fpike, of each the like quantity: mix tbefe with fix ounces of linfeed oil, and anoint the grieved place once every day till it is well. Or, Take nerve oil and linfeed oil, of each a like
quantity; mix them well together, and anoint the injured part once a-day, keeping the mixture warm vvhilft you ufe it. A Drink for Coivs and Bullocks that are Shrew-
bitten, or bitten by mad Dogs or Vipers. Take of rue, the fmaller centaury, box, and St. John's wort, of each one handful; boil thefe |
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RECEIPTS FOR THB
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in fix quarts of ale wort, till the liquor is ftrong
of the herbs; then ftrain it off, and add a quart of water to it; then add five ounces of the flour of falphur, and of cow fpice three large fpoonfuls, with one ipoonful of oyfter-fhell powder. N.B. This will ferve fur fix dofes. j^Sa!<ve, or Charge, for any Wound by a Stub or
Thorn, --where fame Parts of them are
fuppofed to lodge in the Wowid.
On thefe occafions taite black fnails from com-
mons, or, as fome call them, black flugs, with as much black foap; beat thefe together till they are well mixed, and make a falve, which apply to the wound. For a Beaß that has a Bone broken or mifplrced.
When the bone is fet right, or put into its true
place, ufe the following preparation, viz. Burgundy pitch and tallow, of each a like
quantity; put to them as much linfeed oil, as, when they are well mixed, will make a falve or charge, to be plnftered over the afflifted part. When this is laid oa, fpient it, and cover it
with a woollen cloth, and keep it on twenty days, in which time the bone will be well knit. A Purge for a Cvw or Bullock, Take butter, tar, and honey, with a little
caftile foap; mix thefe well together, and give the mixture in balls as big as pigeon's eggs; two balls in a morning. Of the breeding of Milk in Cow, and the Way to
promote it. Draw whey with ftrong beer and milk; in V/hich boil anifeed, and coriander feed, finely besten
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CURE OF OXEN, &C. 95
beaten to powder, with an ounce of fugar candy
well pulverized ; give a quart of this medicine to a cow every me :ng, which will not only make her milk fpring freely, but will greatiy increafe it. Of the Rot in Oxen or Cows.
When thisdiftemper attacks any beaft, it will
fall from its meat, quickly be lean, and hr,ve a continual fcouring. To remedy this diftemper, take bay-berties
finely pulverized, myrrh, ivy leaves, featherfew, and the leaves of elder; put thele into Ireih hu- man urine, with a lump of yellow clay, and alit- tle.bay fait; mix them well together, and give a pint eachmorning warm to the beaft. A Remedy for jixioUen Cods in a Bull.
Take two quarts of ftronr old beer, in which
put a handful of the young moots of elier, with two handfuls of the bark taken from the woody part of thecommon black-berry bufh; b>,il thefe gently till half the liqujr is confumed, then fir? in it off, and keep it lot ufe. VVnen you ufe this, bathe the parts morning
and evening, with the liquor made pretty hot, and bind up the grieved part afterwards in a double linen cloth that has been dipped in the liquor. For a Co-m that p'Jes Blo^d.
Take oak, (have off the outer bark, and boil
it in fpring water till it is red ; as alio comfrey, fhepherd's purfe, plaintain, fage, green hemp or nettles, of each a handful, and boil them with the bark; ftrain it, and put a good handful of ialt
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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fait in the water; as alfo fome alurrk, bole armo
niac, chalk, or the powder of fea-coa!. If vour beaftis weak, give lefs than a quart: if ftrong, more; once often ferves, but twice will furely cure the beaft. Give it lukewarm. Another. ^Toaft a piece of bread, and cover it well with tar, and give it. It is occafioned, fome fay, by their brouling on oak leaves, &c. Put a frog down a cow's throat, and drive her next day in- to water, and fhe will directly pifs clear. It is a prefent cure. For the Blain in a Cow.
When firft taken, they Rare, and foam with
their tongues out of their mouths; then immedi- ately prick her in the nofe, or bleed her in the neck, which will keep her alive twenty-rbur hours; then take a handful of fait in about a pint of wa- ter, and give it her, putting immediately a whole egg down her throat: fometimes they have it behind under their tail, when a blifier will ap- pear; this is cured by running your hand down her fundament clofe fingered, and brought wide out, which breaks the blain within. If this is not prei'ently difcovered, it kills them. For the black or red Water in Cows, a Dißemper
vext to the pißng oj Biood. Take a piece of iron, heat it red hot in the fire,
and put it to two quarts of milk; then let the milk cool, and give it the beaft blood warm, and. it will bind up the bloody iifue after two or three times giving. |
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CURE OF HORSES. C\J
For a Cove that firains in CaMngttabenber Cfllf-
haubn, Udder, or Bag, thill come doivn, and fwell as much as a blown Bladder. Take new milk, and ftrew therein linfeed
bruifed to powder, or chalk, or pepper, but lin- feed is beft; put it up with your hand, and let her hinder part ftand higheft for two or three days. For a Cozv, who by laying or. the Earth, and too foon
drinking cold Water ajtcr Calving, her Calfhaulm J\<:ells and lies o-vcr the neck of the Bladder,f/op.
ping the Vane, thai Joe cannot fate, or fand on hsrFeet. Take two facks, or a winding-cloth, put it
Under her body, fatten a rope to it, and put it over a beam in the barn, and draw her up that flie cannot touch the ground with her feet; then, let a woman anoint her hand, and work the calf s- haulm from the bladder, that the water may have a paifage. Give' her warm bedding, warnt drink, and warm clothes. For a Coiv that cannot clean.
Take a large handful of pennyroyal, and boil
Jt in three pints of ale; then (train it, and put one pound of treacle into it, and let it juft boil; take it off, and put a halfpenny worth of flower of brimftone into it, fogive it in a hern to a cow. Inftead cf pennyroyal you may ufe fouthein- wood. fo cure S-teellings, or Snarled Baps in a Cow.
Take rue, and adder's tongue ; ftarap them to- gether, and fqueeze out the juice; mix this with a pound cf frefh butter From the churn without E fait. |
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58 RECEIPTS, ike.
fait, and make it into an ointment. This is aB
excellent remedy. For a fucking CalfthatJ'courctb.
You mull take a pint of verjuice, and clay that
is burnt till it be 1 ed, or very well burnt tobacco- pipes, pound them to powder, and iearce them very finely ; put to it a little powder of charcoal, »then biend them together, and give it to the calf, ar,d he will mend in a night's time for certain. 'ToJ'tt'ä Cal'ves 'while they fuck. Put to them a trough of barky meal, and it
will whiten and fatten. Some give them oats in troughs all the time of their lucking; and the night before they have them to market, cut off a piece of the tail, and tie up with a fhoemaker's end; and, when at market, will give them a cram or two of flour mixed with claret, which keeps them from fcouring. |
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OBSE-R»
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OBSERVATIONS and RECEIPTS
i
For. tub
Cure of mofl Common Difiempers INCIDENT TO
SHEEP and LAMBS.
EVERY farmer that buys {beep or lambs,
{hou!d take care that they be all in good health, and not bay morethan hisgrafc will feed; for if he does, fome of the weakeft muft ftarve, or the whole flock fuffer for want of fufficient grafs, which mskes them eat poifonous weeds, and fo perifh tor want of proper remedies to re- lieve them; for which reafon we have here laid down all the medicines that are neceffary for fhepherds, &c. to keep them. To prepare Tar to apply wtiuardly to Sheep, far
the Scab or the Ray. Tar may be either mixed with the greafe of
poultry, or goofe greafe, or hog s-lard, or butter that has been made up without fait; to every pound of tar you muft ufe half the quantity of either of the former, which may be well mixed together. Some choofe to melt their butter to oil E 2 before |
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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before they mix it with the tar, and it mixes tnO
better, and is more healing. To make llroojnfal-oe, an excellent V.emaly for the
Scab, or any ether Dißemper that appears on the .Shin of Sheep. This falve is of great ufe to fuch as have large
flocks of fheep ; it anfwers the end of preparing tar, and is much cheaper than tar, where broom js to be had. To make this, take twenty gallons of fpring
•water, frbtn a gravelly foil rather than any other, or in the room of that as much clear river or rain water; put to this of green broom tops, fhiks, leaves, and flowers, fhred fmall, about ten gal- lons, and let it (immer or boil gently till it be- comes ef the confluence of a jelly, or till it be pretty thick; then add of Male human urine two quarts, and as much beef or pork brine made flxong of the fait; and to thefe add about two pound of mutton fuit, well melted and cleaned ; ilir thefe well together for about a minute or two, till the fuit is mixed; and then {train all off into fuch a vcflel as you think convenient, to be kept for ufe. Hotv to ufe the Broom-fal-je for the Ray and Scah
in Sheep. This falve is very fpeedy and certain in curing
the difempers called the Ray and Scab in Sheep, If you ufeeither this or the other prepared tar
to a fheep when it is in full ftapple (that is, be- fore it is (home) divide the wool, that you may fee the inflamed part, and anoint it well, and the parts about it, at lead half an inch round; shen |
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CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMBS. IOI-
clofe the wool again, and the diftemper willceafe,
and the wool not be difcoloured. When a fheep is troubled with the fcab, you
may prefently difcover it by its rubbing the dif- tempered part againft trees or polls, and with his horns; and as Icon as you perceive this, you fhould apply either of the prepared medicines. The broom fa lve is a Ifo of great ufeindeftroy-
ing the ticks or fheep-lice, and the wcmI will not be the worfe for fale. If you ufe this falve to fheep newly fhorn, let
it be warmed, and wafh the infetfted part with a fpungeor woollen rag dipped into it. But as the fcab in fheep proceeds chiefly frora
poor diet, fo when we apply this outward reme- dy, give them freih and good pafture ; for good food will help the cure, as well as prevent the evil. Sheep delight in fhifting the pafture often, and if they have plenty they will take only that which is wholefome for them ; othenvile they will be forced to eat fuch herbs as may prove in- jurious to them. To cure the Skit or Lwfenefs in Sheep.
Take fait, alum or chalk, and give it in fmall drink or water, and it will knit and helpthera prefently. To prevent and cure the Rot in Sheep.
Take a peck or better of malt, and math it as though you would brew it into beer or ale, and make eleven or twelve gallons of liquor; then boil in this liquor a good quantity of herbs, viz. fliepherd's purfe, fage, comfrey, plantain, penny- royal, wormwood, and bloodwort, of each a good E 3 quantity, |
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»ECE1PTS FOR THE
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quantity, and boil them in the faid liquor very
well ; then drain them forth, and put a little yeft therein ; after that put a peck of fait, and tun, and put it up in a veffel: then give it your fheep in wet weather, after April conies in, feven or eight fpoonfuls a-piece, once every week ; if it be dry weather, you need not fo often : and thus continue till May or after, as you fee caufe, ac- cording to the drynefs or wetnefs of the weather. Give them now and then a little tar mixed with herb de grafs chopped, and it will cleanfe the towels of much corruption, and be healthful to the blood, "7c deßroy Tiers or ItcheUsin Sheep, which ax,
fpoil tue Si ins of Sheep, and keep them loin in Take the root of the common wood maple, or acerminus, cut it in chips or grind it, and make a decoclion of it in common water; the quantity of about an ounce to a pint of water, which muft be drawn clear from the root as foon as it is cold : this water being applied to the fkin of the fheep where the ticks happen to prevail inoft, is a cer- tain deftroyerof them. We need net tell a bred lerd, that the wool muft be firlt gently open- ed with the fingers before the liquor is applied, •ife a linen cloth that has been well foaked in it: others apply this with .1 fponee to the fheep, immediately after they arefhorn, to pre- vent, the tick for the future, and even to deftroy the eggs of the tickt.' which may remain upon the body of the fheep. Of the Worm in the Foot, Mid the Cure.
The worm in the foot fhews itfelf by a fwel- ling
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CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMES. IOJ
ling between the two claws, which makes the
fheep go lame ; therefore when you find a fheep lame of any foot, you are to examine between the hoofs, and if he is troubled with this diftemper, you will find a hole big enough to admit a pin's head, in which you may obferve five or fix black hairs about an inch long; then with a (harp pointed knife open thefkina quarter of an inch on each fide the hole, and by prefiing it gently with your thumb above the flit, take hold of the black hairs with the other hand, and there will come out a worm like a folid piece of fleüi, about two or three inches long. The wound muft af- terwards be anointed with tar to heal it, or you may ufe the broom-falve inftead of tar. Of the Cough in Sheep. When fheep are troubled with the cough and fhortnefs of breath, bleed them in the ear, and take fomeoilof almonds and white wine, which mix well together, and pour into their noftrils about a fpoOnful at a time. You may obferve, that when fheep are thus afflicted with a cough and fhortnefs of breath, they are fubjecl to be fcabbed about their lips; the remedy for which is, to beat hvffbp and bay-fair, of each a like quantity together, and rub their lips, their pa- lates, and their mouths with it; but if there, fhould be any ulcerous places, anoint them with vinegar and tar well mixed together. beep hcppentoßujaUon.13 anyvenom-
mis : li leech, nr poi/b/:ofis Berk.
When fheep have happened to cat any thing
that occai'Lns their body to fwell, bleed them in
E 4 ■ the
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JQj RECEIPTS FOR THK
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the lips and under the tail, giving them a large
fpoonful of oil olive, orfharp white wine vinegar, or two(good fpoonfuls of human urine, from a found peifon. Againfi the Murrain.
Take the dried flowers of wormwood, or of rue ; mix them with common fait, and give them to fuch fheep as are infected, or are in danger of being infected. About a dram is enough for each fheep in a morning, in a fpoonful or two of human urine. The Red Water in Sheep, and of the common cure
for thai D'fie/npcr. The red water is accounted one of the moft
dangerous diftempers attending the flock, bring- ing whatever fheep it attacks to death in a fhort time, unlefs it be difcovered at the firft coming; whereas in the rot, a fheep that happens to be taken with it, may live for a month or more. The remedy for the red water is, to bleed the fheep in the foot and under the tail; then apply to the fore places the leaves of rue and worm- wood, or the tender fhoots of either of them» bruifed and well mixed with'bay-falt; and give them, by way of diet, fine hay, in the mornings a nd evenings, or other dry meat fprinkled a little with fait. For the Wild-fire in Sheep.
This is as dangerous a diftemper as any that
can attend the flock, and was for a long time held incurable; but fome of the moft intelligent fhepherds have made a falve which has done great fervicc. Their medicine is made of chervil, bruifed
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CURE OF SHE-EP AND LAMES. *Oj)
bruifed and beat up with dale beer, with which
the fore or afflicted place rauft be anointed. Or, to take another method, which is ascertain, pre- pare a wafh made of common water one quarter of a pint; the quantity of a horfe bean of white copperas; wain the fore part with this watet- twice or thrice in an hour's time, and it is a cer» tain cure. Of fore Eyes in Sheep, and the Remedy.
Although fheep have a dullnefs in their eyes
when rotten, yet fometimes they are fubjeci to have a flux of humourswhich weaken their fight, and without timely help will bring them to be ftark blind. Some of our fhepberds ufe on this occafion the juice of celandine, which they drop into the eye; others ufe, with as good judgment, the juice of the leaves of ground ivy, which fhould be forcibly fpirteduut of the mouth, into the fheep's eye; or a decoction made of either of the foregoing plants in common water will do as well; and you may have always the fame re- medies ready at hand, without the trouble of feek- ing the plants when you have occafion for them. It is necefTary, however, to obferve, that when you make thefe decoctions, about five or fix grains of allum may be boiled in every pint of water ; or if you ufe white copperas in this cafe of the eyes, infufe about feven grains of the cop- peras, in half a pint of fair water, it isa fovereiga remedy. Of/h fa„^ or ßcit -m sheep.
Sheep are faid to be taggered or belt when they
have a flux, or continued running of ordure,
£ 5 . which..
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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which lighting upon the tail, the heat of the
dung, by its fcalding, breeds the fcab. The com • mon cure for this diftemper is, firft to cut off or {hear the tags of wool that are berayed, fo as to jay the fore bare; then warn the raw part with human urine, or ftrong beef or pork brine ; then ftrew the place with fine mould, or dried earth ; and after that, lay on tar mixed well with goofe- » greafe, or hog's lard; repeat a ftrewing of fine mould, and it is a certain cure, as far as outward application can act. This is the common re- ceipt; but to give them as a diet, oats, fine hay, with a little fprinkling of bay-falt finely beat, and a fmal'l quantity of the powder of juniper- teries, will certainly remove thecaufe. Of the Mea/les, or P: x in Sheep. This diftemper fhews itfelf at firft in the fkin,
v.i foiall pimples, either of a red or purplifh co- Jour and is very infectious; fo that whenever a iheep is attacked with it,' it ought inftantly to be removed from the flock, and put into a frefh- fpringing pafture. The «utward application ufed by the fhepherds, is to boil the leaves of rofemary in ftrong vinegar, about three ounces of leaves to a pint of vinegar, and to wafh the puftules or fore parts with that decoction. Öf the Blood in Sheep, and its Remedy.
This diftemper we take to be a fortof meafles
or pox, attended with fuch a degree of fever, as will not fuffer any breaking out in the fkin ; for it is generally obferved, that the fkin of fuch a fheep is redder than any other fheep in any other diftemper. In which cafe you are to bleed him a»
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CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMES. rOJ
as you perceive him dagger, by cutting off the
upper part of his ears, which is the moft ready way; and by bleeding him under the eye imme- diately after, which forwards the cure begun ia the cutting the ears ; for thereby the head is im- mediately affifted, and they will foon recover. But as, from the beginning of the diftemper to the death of the fheep, it is no more than five or fix minutes, fo a fhepherd ought to be very watchful, and ready to bleed him, as foon as the foregoing fymptoms appear. Some fuppofe this diftemper to proceed from the fheep eating pennygrafs, while others fuppofe it to be an over-fulnefs of blood from rank diet. Of the Wc'od-einl, and its cure. The wood-evil is feldom or ever found among
fheep that have their pafture in low grounds ; but for the moft part ampngft thofe that feed up- on poor uplands, and grounds over-rur? with fern. The remedy is to bleed them in the vein under the eye. This diftemper commonly happens about April
or May; feizing the fheep in the neck, making them hold their heads awry, and occafioninj them to halt in their goiog, and will be their death in a day or two, if the aforefaid remedy of bleeding be not timely ufed, and frefh pafture in low lands provided for them. If a lamb is feized with a fever, or any other
ficknefs, take him away from his dam, for fear of her catching it; which done, draw fome milk from the ewe, and put to it fo much rain water, and make the lamb fwallow it down. This is a £ 6 certain |
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I03 RECEIPTS FOR THE
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certain cure for a fick lamb, if yoit keep hinj
warm. There is a certain fcab on the chin of lambs,
at fome feafons, occasioned by their feeding on grafs covered with dew; it is called by the fbep- herds the Dartars, which will kill a lamb if not flopped. A cure for the Dartars.
Take fait and hyffop, in like proportion; beat
them together, and therewith chafe the palate of the mouth, the tongue, and all the muzzle; then wafh the fcab with vinegar; and after that anoint it with tar and hog's greafe mixed together. There is alfo a icabbinefs that often happens
to lambs when they are bat half a year old; to cure which you mull greafe them with tar mixed Vtith two parts of goofe greafe, To faß en losfi Teeth in Sheep or l.amhs.
When you obferve their teeth loofo, which you
will fee by their not feeding, then let them blood ■under the tail, and rub their gums with powder sf mallow-roots. Lambs are generally yeaned in the fpring, at
which time fhephevds Ihould take great care to cherifli the ewes, that they may be ftrong and 5,ble to deliver their lambs, otherwife they will have many abortive or dead lambs. And if the ewes are not able to deliver themlelves, then the fhepherd fhouid be always ready to help them, t>y fetting his foot on their necks, and with his hands to pluck it gently from them. If a lamb is likely to die when firfi lambed,
open
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•CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMBS. lOQ
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•pen his mouth and blow therein, and he will
foon recover. Cutting or Gelding of Lambs-,
The ageof cutting is from three or nine days old, after which they are rank of blood, which will fall into the cod in cutting, and there lie and kill them ; to prevent which, put a little powder of roiin into the cod, and that will dry up the quarie blood. A fure way of cutting: let one hold the lamb
between his legs, or in his lap, and turn the lamb on his back, holding all his feet upright together; if you fee black fpots in his flanks, do not cut him; for he is rank of blood, and will furely die. Let the cutter hold the tip of the cod in his left hand, and with a fharp penknife, cut the top thereof an inch long quite away. Then with his thumbs and his two foie fingers of both hands, flip the cod foftly down over theftones, and then with his teeth holding the left ftone in his mouth, draw it foftly out as long as the firing is; then draw forth the other ftone in like manner. Spit in the cod, and anoint his flanks on both fides of the cod with frefh greafe, and fo let him go. Agabtfi tie fli i mg of the Gail. When a fheep is troubled with thisdiftemper, he will ftand fhrinking with all hisfeet together; to cure which, give him haif a fpoonful of aqua- vitas, mixed with fo much vinegar; and let him blood under the tail. The above remedy is alfo very good againft the red water in fheep. for t ■■■ Jt ■ or Scab in Sheep. Take a fraall quantity of the herb bears-foot ;
with
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RECEIPTS, &C,
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no
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with the root of camelion noir, which is the
great thiftle that hath milk in it; boil them to- gether, and wafhthefcabby place therewith, and it will certainly cure thern. A Cure forthe Staggers in Lambs or young Sheep. Take of long pepper, liquorice, anifeeds, and
hempfeeds, of each apenny worth; beat all thefe locether, and mix with it fome new milk and honey, and give each lamb or fheep two or three fpoonfuls milk warm. This mould, if poffible, ne in the month of May. |
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OBSER;
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OBSESVATIONS and RECEIPTS,
FOR THE
Cure of mofl Common Diflempers
INCIDENT TO
H O G S.
THE hog is a hurtful and fpoiling beaft, ftout,
hardv, and troublefome to rule; however, he is a very profitable creature, where they have convenience to keep him, fuch as in farms where there are large dairies, it is neceffary, that to each cow there fhould be a hog for the offals of the dairy; fuch as fkimmed milk, or flit-milk, butter-milk, whey, and the warnings of the dairy, which will afford them food fufficient to nourifh them ; and as there needs no more to be faid con- cerning fvvine, we fhall now treat of their difeafes, and the cure of them. Rules to know when Swine are in Health.
All fwine in health curl their tails, for which reafon the bed fwine-herds will by no means fuf- fer them to be blooded in that part; but in the cars, and about the neck, when bleeding is ne- ceffary. ' They are very fubject to fevers, which they fhevy by hanging their heads, and turning i the-m |
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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them on one fide, running on a fudden, and flop-
ping fhort, which is commonly, if not always, at- tended with a giddinefs, which occasions them to drop, and die, if not timely prevented. When youobferve this diftemper upon them, you muft ftri :.ly regard which fide their head turns to, and bleed them in the ear, or in the neck, on the con- trary fide. Some would advife to bleed them likewife under the tail, about two inches below the rump. It is very certain that this giddinefs, or, as fume call it, ftaggers, in a hog, proceeds from an over-quantity of blood, and by bleeding them in time they will certainly recover. In bleeding of hogs near the tail, you may
obferve a large vein to rife above the reft. The old farmers ufed to beat this vein with a little ftick, in order to make it rife or fwell. Open this vein lengthways with your fleam, or fine penknife; and after taking away a fufficient quantity of blood, fuch as ten ounces from a hog ol about fourteen ftone, or fifteen or fixteen from a hog of five and-twenty and upwards, bind up the orifice either with baft taken from a freih mat, or with a flip taken from the inner bark of the lime tree, or the inner hark of a willow, or the elm. After bleeding, keep them in the houfe for a day or two, giving them barley meal mixed with warm water, and allowing them to drink nothing but what i-> warm, water chiefly, with- out an v mixture. In thepafte made with barley meal, forne of the moft curious fwine-herds will give aU<ut half an ounce a-day of the bark of oak ground fine. |
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CURE OF HOGS. Tig
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Of the Qiiinfey in Sivi/te.
This is a diftemper which fwine are very fub- jecl to, and will prevent their feeding, and fre- quently happens when they are half fatted; fo that we have known after five or fix weeks put- ting up, that they have eaten near ten bufhels of peafe, three or four days of this diftemper has re- duced them to as great poverty in flefh as they were in before they were put up to feed. This diftemper is a fwelling in the throat, and is re- medied by bleeding a little above the moulders, or behind the moulders. But the method which we take to be the moll certain, is to bleed them, under the tongue, though fome pretend that fet- tering is themoft certain method of cure. How- ever, any of thefe methods will do. Of the Kernels In Swine, and the Cure.
This diftemper called the kernels, is likevvife a fwelling in the throat: the remedy for which is bleeding them under the tongue, and rubbing their mouths after bleeding, with fait and wheat flour, finely beaten and mixed well together. If 3 fow happens to be with pig, and has this diftem- per upon her, give her the roots of the common field narcifTus, or yellow daffodil. Loathing of Meat in Sivine, or their difcharging it
involuntarily by Vomit, and the Remedy. When fwine difcharge their meat by vomit, their ftomachs may be corref-ted by giving them the rafpings of ivory or hart's-horn, dried in a pan with fait, which muft be mixed with their meat, which fhould be chiefly ground beans, or ground acorns; or, for want of thefe, barley in- differently |
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.114 KECEIPTS FOR THE
differently broken in the mil!, and fcalded with
the above ingredients. Madder is likeuife good to be given them on this occaiion, mixed with their meat. This diftemper however is not mor- tal, but has the ill effect of reducing fwine in their flefh. It certainly prevents the d.iffemper called the blood in fwine, or the gargut, as fome » call it, wh'ch generally proceeds from their eating too much frefh grafs when they are tirft turned abroad in the fpring. Of the Gargut or Blood, in Snvine.
This diftemper, among country people, is al- ways efteemed mortal. Some call it a madnefs in fwine. It (hews itfelf moft like the fever in fwine. by ftaggering in their gait, and loathing their meat. In the fever, however, they will eat freely till the very time they drop; but in this, their ftomach will fall off a day or two before the daggering or giddinefg appears. The cure for which is, to bleed the hog, as foon as you per- ceive him attacked with this diftemper,under the ears and under the tail, according to the opinion of fome. To make him bleed freely, beat him with a fmall wand where the incifions were made: though, it is feWfftn in this diftemper that the blood does not come freely enough from the vein, if it be rightly opened. After bleeding, keep the hog in the houle, give him bai ley meal in warm whey, in which mixture give him mad- der, or red oker powdered, or bule. Of the Spleen, in Sivins. As fwine are infatiable creatures, they arefre- quently troubled with abundance of the fj ken : the
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cure or hogs. .115
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the remedy for which is, togive them fome twigs
of tamariik boiled or infufed in water; or if feme of the fmall tender twigs of tamariik, frefh ga- thered, were to be chopped fmall and given them in their meat, it would greatly affift them : for the juice and every part of this wood, is of ex- traordinary benefit to fwine in moft cafes, but in this diftemper efpecially. Of the Choler in Hogs, the Remedy.
The diftemper called the choler, in fwine, fhews itfelf by the hog's lofiog its flefl), forfaking its meat, and being more inclined to fleep than ordinary, even refufingthe frefh food of the field, and falling into a deep fleep as foon as he enters it. It is common, in this diftemper, for a hog to fleep more than three parts in four of its time; and confequently hecannot eat asnature require» him fufficiently for his nourifhment. This is what one may call a lethergy, for he is no foon- er afleep but he feems dead, not being fenfibie or moving, though you beat him with the greateft violence, till on his own accord he recovers. The moft certain and approved remedy for it
is, the root of the cucumis filveftries, or wild cu- cumber, as fome call it, ftamped and drained with water, given them to drink. This will immedi- ately caufe them to vomit, and foon after to be- come lively and leave their drowfinefs. When the ftomach is thus difcharged, give them horfe- beans, foftened in pork brine, ifpoffible; or, for want of that, in beef brine, or in frefh human urine, from fome healthful perfon; orelie acorns that have been infufed a day or two in common water
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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water and fait, about a fortieth part of fait to the
water. It would be neceffary to keep them in the
lioufe during the time of the operation, and not to.fuffer them to go out till the middle of the next day, firft giving them a good feed of barley meal, mixed with water wherein a little oak bark has been infufed three or four hours. Cfthe Veßilence or Plague, in Stvbte.
This diftemper is judged to be infectious, and
therefore all fwine that are taken with it, muft immediately be feparated from the herd, and put into fomehoufe where none but the infected may come. In this, as well as in all other cafes where fwine are diftempered, let them have clean P aw : give them when they are thus attacked, about a pint of good white wine, or raifins wherein fome of the roots of the polypody of the oak have been boiled, and wherein about ten or twelve bruifed berriesof ivy have been infufed. This medicine will purge them, and, by correcting their fto- machs will difcharsje the diftemper. If, after the firft, another hog fhould be feized
with the fame illnefs, let the houfe or ftv be cleaned well from the ftraw and dung of the firft diftempered hog. At the firft of his entrance give him fome bunches of wormwood, frefh ga- thered, for him to feed on at his pleafure; ob- ferving every time that you have occafion to bring in new-diftempered fwine, to give them clean litter and clean houfes. The polypody of the oak in white wine, as
jbove directed, is likewife an approved remedy for
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SURE OF HOGS. ir^
for the diflemper mentioned above, called the
Choler. OfMeafledShviue.
Swine, when they are troubled with this dif-
temper, will have a much hoarfer voice than utual, their tongues will be pale, and their Ann will be thick fet with blifters, about the bignefs of peafe. As this diftemper is natural to fwine, the ancients advile, that you give them their meat out of leaden troughs by way of prevention. Is is alfo a common practice, where this diftemper prevails (for it is in fomefort peftilential) to give the hogs an infufion of briony root and cummin water, every morning in their fiift feed, by way of precaution. But the morefure way is to pre- pare the following medicine, viz. Sulphur, half a pound; alum, three ounces;
bay berries, three quarters of a pint; foot, two ounces. Beat thele all together, tie them in a linen cloth, and lay them in the water which you give them to drink, furring them firfl in the water. Of the Diftemper in the lungs ofSvAne, audits aitf. Swine, as they are of a hot nature, are fnbjecl
to a diftemper which is called the thirir, or lungs, according to fome farmers. This is what we de- lign to treat of, as it is a diftemper proceeding purely from want of water, and what they are neverfubjeeT to but in thefummertime, or where water is wanting. It is frequently to the far- mer's expence very greatly, when fwine are put up to bs fatted, that there is not due care to give e} tbesn |
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RFCE1PTS FOR THE
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them w3ter enough j then theyfurely pine, and
lofe the benefit of their meat. The remedy for this is, to give them water frefh and frequently, otbenvife it will bring them to have an over-heat in their liver, which will occafion this diftemper, which the farmers generally term the lungs; to cure which, pierce b,.th ears of the hog, and put into each orifice a leaf and fialk, a little bruited, » of the black hellebore. Gj the Gall in Sivine.
This diftemper never happens but for want of
appetite, and where the ftomach is too cold to di- gelt, as some authors fay. Generalis', as far as our experience teaches us, it happens to ihofe fwine which are confined in nafty pens, and are neglected and ftarved in their food. The cure of this diftemper is to give them the juice of cole- wort or cabbage leaves, with faffron mixed with honey and water about a pint. This diftemper fhews itlelf by a fwelling that
appears under the jaw. For the Pox in Swine.
This diftemper is remarkable in fuch fwine as have wanted neceffary fubfiftence, and more par- ticularly in fuch as have wanted water. Some have thought it to proceed from a venereal caufe, whereby the blood has been corrupted. It ap- pears in many fores upon the body of the crea- ture, and whatever boar or fow happens to be infected with it, will never thrive, though you give him the beft of meat. The cure is, to give them inwardly about two large fpoonfuls of trea- cle, in wa ter that has £rfi been made indifferently fweet
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CURE OF HOGS.
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I'9
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fjreet with honey, about a pint at a time, anoint-
ing the fores with Ho»r of brimftone well mix- ed with hog's lard : to' which you may acid a fmall quantity of tobacco duft. While you give the preparation of treacle inwardly, the fwine thus infected IhoaW be kept in.the houfe, and quite fie. from the ltft of the herd, till they are cured. Mr. M. T. of Surry, his Remedy for the Svuelling
mid r the -ik: - t This diftemper appears foraewhat like the fweilingof the kernels, or what the ordinary far- mers call the kernels in fwine. The mod imoae« diate remedy is to open the fwollen parts, when thev are ripe for that purpofe, with a fine pen- knife, or lancet, taking care that it is not in the leaf): rufty; and there will iffue from thence a great quantity of feted matter, of a yellow or greenilh colour. Warn then the part with frefh human urine, and drefs the wound with hog's lard. A Cure for the Biie of a Viper, or mad Dog, in
Swine. The figrts of madnefs in hogs, which proceed from the bites of vipers, flow-worms, or mad- dogs, are nearly the fame, viz. an hog, on thi* occafion, will paw with his feet, foam at his mouth, and champ or gnafh with his jaws, ftart i'uddenly, and jump upon all four at intervals. Some of the country people have miftaken this diftemper for the fever in fwine; others have mif- taken it for the ftaggers: but in neither of thefe do the fwine paw with their feet, the venemous bites alone giving them that direction. The moft immediate
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«20
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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immediate cure or remedy for fuch bitings, if yott
can judge of their difafter prefently after they are bit, is to wafh the wound with w,arm human urine, or warm vinegar; or, for want of either, with common wafer and fait, warmed, the quan- tity of fait one fortieth part to the water, and then fearing or buring the wound with a red hot iron. It is neceffary, at the fame time, to fetter the
hog in the ear, with the common hellebore. It is convenient, when fwine have been thus
bitten, to give them the following medicine: Take of rue, the fmaller centaury, box, St.
John's wort, of each two handfuls; vervain, a handful; thefe herbs fhould be boiled in four gal- lons of fmall beer, being tied up in bunches. When you imagine that this decoction is ftrong
enough, or has received the virtue of the herbs, pafs the liquor through a fieve, or {train it through a coarfe cloth ; then add to it about a gallon of water, or as much as will make good the deficien- cy of the water boiled away; add to this about two pounds of Hour of fulphur, and about a pound of madder finely beaten, and as much of coriander-feeds not beat; of anifeeds about three quarters of a pound, and fine oyfter fhell powder well prepared, or, in lieu of that, the powder of crab claws, or lobiter claws, about fix ounces. This medicine will be enough for five-and-twen- ty hogs. Of the Tremor, or Shaking in Snaine, its Cure;
from C. G. Efq. of Hertfirdfoirc. Takehyifopand mallows,in flalks,and leaves, abaut a haadful of each; boil them in three pints of
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HOGS.
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CWtS OF
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*f milk till the virtue of.the herbs has fufficiently
got into it; then pafs the liquor through a fic-ve, or ftrain it, to be free from the herbs; adding fhen of madder, two fpoonfuls, and about an ounce of liquorice fliced, witk as much anifeeds. Give it two mornings together. Mr. Tyfon of Warwkkßire, bis Remedy for the
Staggers in a Hog. This diftemper is to be cured two ways, viz.
cither by a draught prepared of flour of fudphur end madder, ground or powdered, about an Ounce of each boiled in new milk, and given at twice to the hog falling in the morning, two days following, if you take the diftemper in the be- ginning: or elfe, when it has already feized his head with violence, ufe the following prepara- tion. Take of the common houfe-leak, and rue, of
each a like -quantity; to which add bay-falt, enough to make their juices very pungent when they are bruifed together, which {bould be done in a ftone or marble mortar, with a wooden peftle; when thefe are well ftamped and mixed together, add a large fpoonful of the ftrongeft vinegar you can get, and put the mixture into the ears of the hog, flopping them both clofe with tow, wool, or cotton, fo that it may remain in a d3y and night. This, if the hog is not far gone, will recover him; but if he is not quite well, the fame mud be repeated a fecond time ; and as foon as the mixture is taken out of his ears, flop them with fheeps wool, or with cotton or tow that has been greafed a little with oil F of |
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113 RECEIPTS FOR THR
of almonds; for this will prevent his taking
cold. Of the Murrain, and Mectfles, in Swine; the Remedy,
from a curious Gentleman of Nortban:pto?iJhire. Although we have already mentioned this dif-
^temper, and its cure, give us leave yet to infert another remedy, which has been highly com- mended. Take of the flour of fulphur, half an ounce,
and as much madder, powdered or ground, as it comes over; liquorice fliced, about a quarter of an ounce ; and anifeed, the fame quantity; to this put a fpoonful of wheat flour, and mix it in new milk, to give the hog in a morning fading ; repeat this medicine twice or thrice. If a hog has eat any ill herbs, fuch as henbane
or hemlock ; to cure the fame, give him to drink the juice of cucumbers made warm, which will cauie him to vomit, and fo cleanfe his ftomach that he will foon recover. Soivs ivitb Pig.
Great care fhould be taken of the fows when
they are with pig, and to fhut them up in the fty for fear of accidents; but you fhould not put two together, becaufe they will lie upon one another, and fo hurt themfelves; let them farrow in the fty, other wife they will often caft their pigs, which is a great lofs to the keeper. Gelding Pigs, and fpaying Soius. •
The boar pigs ought tobe gelded when they are
about fix months old ; for then they begin to wear {hong in heat, and will make the flronger hogs. Sows
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CURE OF HOGS'.
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I23
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Sows fhould not be fpayed till they are three
«r four years old : to do which, cut thern in the mid flank, two fingers broad, with a fharp penknife, and take out the bag of birth and cut it off, and fo ftich up the wound again, and anoint it, and keep her in a warm fty for two or three days ; then let her out, and (he will foon grow fat. Gelding of Hogs.
In the Spring, and after Michaelmas, are the
two beft feafons to geld your hogs ; to do which, cut a crofs flit in the middle of each ftone, then pull them gently out, and anoint the wound with tar. To feed a Hog for Lard.
Let him lie on thick planks, or a ftone pave-
ment ; feed him with barley and peafe, but no beans, and let him drink the tappings or warnings of hogfheads; but for a change give him fonie foddtn barley, and in a fhort time he will begin to glut; therefore, about once in ten days, give him a handful of crabs. Make him drunk now and then, and he will fatten the better. After a month's feeding, give him dough made of barley meal, for about five weeks, without any drink or other,moifture; by which time he will be fat enough for ufe. A B alb for the Swim's Pox.
This is a diftemper that often proves of very-
ill confequence, becaufeone infects another; It generally proceeds from lice in their fkin, or po- verty ; and they will never thrive while they are troubled with it. The cure for which is this; F a Take
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J 24 RECEIPTS, &C.
Take yarrow, plantain, primrofe leaves,briar
leaves, old oaken leaves, water betony, of each. two handfuls; boil them in two gallons of run- ning water tili they are all tender, and then wafh your hogs therewith ; and in twice or thrice ufing, it will dry them up. Againfl Vomiting.
When you perceive your hog tocaftor vomit,
you may be fure his ftomach is not well; and therefore give him fome fhavings of ivory mixed with a little dried beaten fait. Alfo beat his beans fmall, and put them in the trough with his other meat, that he may feed thereon before he goes to the field. |
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OBSER-
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OBSERVATIONS fc? RECEIFTS
FOR THE
Cure ofmoß Common Difiempers
INCIDENT TO
D O GS.
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AS dogs are. good fervants, and faithful t»
their triggers, fo rnoft country gentlemen take great delight in them, and the dogs that are of frvice in fporting are generally taken great care of; but for want of knowing what reme- dies are proper for their difiempers, many a good dog is loft: for which reafon, we have here laid down fuch remedies as we have often given with great fuccefs, for their immediate relief in moft common diftempers. The dogs that areferviceableto the fportfmen,
are the land fpanel, the water fpanel, the fet- ting-dog, the Spartiol pointer, the otter dog, the fox-hound, the beagle or tarrier, the blood hound or buck-hound, the grey-hound, and the lurcher. The land fpanel has a good nofe f ;r finding
out game, fuch as hares, or for perching of phea-
fants; he will hunt clofe,and being brought up
F 3 young
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126 RECEIPTS FOR THE
young to fetch and carry, is good company for»
Ihooter: your gun-fpaniels will always open as foon as they difcover their game and fpring them; fo that they ought to be under com- mand, and never range before the mafter out of gun-fhot. The water-fpaniel, if he be of the right fort,
has rough hair,and will naturally take the water » when he is a puppy; at ninemonthsold you may teach him any thing necelfary for his office; his bufinela is chiefly to hunt for ducks, teal, wid- geons, or wild-geefe, in the fens, moors or lakes, at the time when the young are jtift beginning to fly; he mud be-learned to fetch and carry, and by that means will bring to you what you fhoot ; or wi!i dive after the young water-fowl, and bring them up. *. The Jetting dog is fpotted with liver-colour and
•white ; the ufe of him is to range the fields, and fet partridges; he is of the fpaniel kind, and of a middling fize, has a very tender nofe, and will quarter a field in a little time ; if he is of a right fort, take him at nine monthsold, with a halter SjSOHt bis nee';, with hc-baails in it, and teach, him to crouch down at a dead partridge, if you can get one; and efpecially learn him to fuffer a net to be drawn over him without ftirring, which can only be done by giving the difcipiine of a hob-nailed collar, and making the experiment of drawing a net over him at the farne time. The Spanifh pointer is eßeemed the incompa-
rable, and even without teaching, will point na- turally at a partridge; and as he is large, will range;
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CURE OF DOGS. I27
fange well, and ftand high enough to appear
above any high ftubble ; when he points, you may be fure of birds within gun-fhot. The ottev dog is very rough in his hair, which
is commonly curled. They are of a large fize, fcut lefs docile than the fpaniels, though they feem to be of that fort. Their delight is chiefly in water, and their ufe principally in deftroy- ing of otters, which devour all the fifh they can meet with. The fox-hound is one of the largeft kind of
hounds; he fhould particularly be ftrong in his loins, and light in his cheft ; for his bulinefs is to run hard after his game, and to hunt the fox. A gentleman fhould not have lefs than twenty couple of dogs in a pack, for many of them will tire in a long chafe ; in fome chafes perhaps not three couple will be in at the death of the fox. Some of thefe will hunt the hare ; but it is beft to keep the pack to one hufinefs. The beagle or tarrier, is fmaller than the fox-
hound, and twenty couple make a good pack. Enter thefe when they are about a ■ year old. When thefe hunt at firft, you may bring them under command by the fnrack of a whip. The blood-hound, or buck-hound, is large and
deep mouthed. This kind of dog will hunt dry- foot, and when they have once fingled out a deer, their nofe is fo fine that they never leave him till he is dead. The grey hound is a long fine fhaped dog, made
to run, and has but little fcent. A leafh of grey- hounds is enough for any gentleman that will ob- F 4 ferve |
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128 RECEIPTS FOR THE
ferve the laws of the game ; one large one to turn
the hare, and the two others low ; and to bear well fo that they may eafiJy take up the hare. The fnioüth ffcinned fort will take a gate or
ftile, or run well in an open country; but the rough haired ones are much the bell for inclofed lands, becaufe they will take any hedge, where they have ftrength enough to break through. Let your grey hound bitch be full three quar-
ters, and your dog a year old, before you enter him, for fear of a ftrain : the bitches are always more eager after their game than the dogs. The lurcher is a fmall fort of greyhound, for
courfing of rabbits chiefly; he will fometime» takeupahare, butmakes beftfport witharabbit. Thefe are the forts of dogs that are ufeful ;
and confidering the fervite and pleafure they are ef to mankind, and the value of fome of them, we fee no reafon why their health fhould not bs regarded. |
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RECEIPTS.
To Curt a Dog nuben he has been bit by a mad Dog,
or a Viper; an approved Remedy. When a dcg has been bit, then, as foon as can
be, wafh the wounded parts with hot vinegar, changing the vinegar two or three times, and cut or Ilia ve off the hair; then immediately light a piece
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iäg
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CURE OF HOGS.
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piece of tinder, and lay it red hot upon each
wound, till the dog is thoroughly fenlible of burning; then wafh.the wound every day with fiale urine, and keep your dog muzzled, and it will certainly cure him. If your dog is bit by a viper, wafli the part
clean with hot vinegar, or mine, and fhave the place where the wound was, or cut the hairclofe, and then anoint it with oil of vipers once a day, for fix or feven days; but muzzle him all the time, unlefs at the times that he mould eat or drink, and then keep him from licking ; and the fame methods mould be ufed with him as di- rected for the bite of a mad dog. A dog that is bit by a flow worm, or blind-
worm, is in as much danger as if he had been bit by a viper. To Cure a Dog of the Mange.
Give him flour of brimftone and frefh butter,
and wafli him with a liquor made of human urine, a gallon, boiled half an hour, with a pound of tobacco-ftnlks boiled in it ; the butter and brimftone muft be given every morning falling, and the outward application immedi- ately after; but you muft muzzle your dog,or by his licking himfelf, he will die. To harden the Feet of a Greyhound not ufed to trawl, or the Feet of a Setter or Pointer -which
has ranged too much.
Walh their feet with warm alum water, taking
care that the fand is out ; and an hour afterwards wafli them with warm beer and butter. F s To
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I3O RECEIPTS POR THE
To cure Dors tvounded by ßak'mg ihemfdves, or to
flip a <vkkr.i Effv/um oj Sima. If any of thefe dogs fhould happen to ftaks
themfelvesby brufhing through hedges, then cut off all the hair about the wounds, and wafh them with warm vinegar. If a dog receive a bruife in any joint, to cure
him, cut offthe hair about the place, and rub the part gently with the following mixture, viz. two ounces of oil of fpike, and two ounces of oil of fwallows, mixed ; but muzzle him when you lay it on. To Cure afrefl Wound in a Dog.
If your dog happens to be flaked, or wounded
^oy other way than where the wound is (and no large blood veffel broken) immediately apply fome oil of turpentine ; but fecure the dog's mouth that he dees not bite you ; for the turpen- tine will occafion a violent fmart for about 3 minute; but then you may be allured it will \v rk a perfetft cure. Where any wound is, the hair mull be cut
clofe io the fein, or elfe it will fret the wound, and make it mortify. If their be any deep holes in the wound, then
take fome frefh butter and burn it in a pan, and while it is hot, mike a tent with fome icraped lint; and when it is dipped in the warm butter, put the tent into the hole of the wound, and change the tents every morning; by this means the wounds will foon heal ; and when you change fhefn, wa& the wounds with milk. But when you ufe tentsto your dogs,you muft
5 fwathe |
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CURE OF DOG5. I3I
fwathe them with broad flips of linen, io that
they may nst get at their wounds ; for ihey will eife endeavour to remove them from their places. Te cure a Dog of Convuijions. He will firft dagger, and then fall and flutter with his legs, and his tongue hang out of his mouth ; and then you muft dip his noie and tongue immediately into cold waters and he will prefently recover ; but it is likely he may have a fecondfitfooti after; then give him as much water as he wiildrink, and he will be well: this will fave the trouble of bleeding him in the tail. A Purge for a Dog if you imagine be hath been
poifoned. Take oil of Englifh. pitch, one large fpoonfui
for a large dog, or in proportion fora Ieflèr; give it him in the morning, and it will carry off the malignity the fame day. 7 0 cure a Megrim in a Dog.
When you find a dog toftagger as he walks,
take him and open a vein under bis tail, and he will prefently recover. To ewe films crowing over the Fjes of Dogs.
When you perceive an y film growing over your
dog's eyes, prepare the following water to wafh them with twice a-day : Take the quantity of a large pea of white
vitriol, and put it in about half a pint offpring water, and when it has flood a day, take a fine piece of linen cloth, and dip it in the faid liquor, fqueezing it a little, and then pafs it over the dog's eyes gently five or fix times; and after about a minute is palled, then with a little fpring F 6 water |
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132
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RECEIPTS FOR THE
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water wafh his eyes again, and dry them : if you
find the dog'seye fmart, do this twice a-day. There is a neceffity for dogs always to have
water at their command; for they are of a hot nature, and would frequently drink if they had opportunity. Mr. Figgis Medicine, by nahicb be ivas fe-veral
times cured of the Bite of a Med Dog. Take a pound of fait, put it into a quart of fpring water, wafh, bathe, and fqueeze the wound for an hour; then bind a little fait upon the wound, and keep it on for twelve hours : be fure, as foon as the wound is given, to make ufe of the above medicine. Another Receipt to cure the Bite of a Mad Dog.
Take the roots of flower de luce, one handful, bruife and ftamp them fmall, and put them into milk, and give it the dog : a great many dogs, and keepers of dogs, who have been bit by mad dogs, have been cured by this receipt. The keepers of dogs take the flower de luce
' root, and boil it in milk, and then ftrain it and drink the milk. To ki'l Ticis, Lice Or Flees in Dogs.
Take beaten cummin, with as much hellebore, and mix them together with water, and wafh your clogs with it : or with the juice of cucumbers, if the above'cannot be had ; and anoint them all over with the lees of old dregs of oil olive. Another.
Wafh him with water wherein lime has been . ked, and fome wormwood and carduos boiled with
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DESTROYING MOLES. I33
with it, and anoint him with goofe-greefe and
foap. For the IVo'rtn under the Tongue.
In hot weather this fometimes caufesmadnefs
in dogs; and therefore look under his tongue and you will fee fomelhing white, which draw out with a fharp bodkin, and anoint the wound with alum and honey. For fore Ears.'
If the ears of a dog be only fcabby, anoint them with oil of bitter almonds, and it will foon heal them; but if they be fore within, then mix with the above, tar and hog's greafe, and it will make a perfeft cure. N. B. A gfeybound bitch goesfix nuteh<wtth weiß,
and her ivelps are twelve days blind; but all
other bite he j go twelve 'weeks nuttb welp, and their ivelps are only fe-ven days blind.
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A fiort Account of MOLES; ivitb different Me-
t'hods to be uj'edfor defraying them. A Mole is a creature that is fo hurtful to the
ground, thathedoes, if not foon deftroyed, fpoil many a meadow or other ground, by call- ing up the hills : he alio does fo much damage to corn lands by cafting up the earth, that he nut only prevents its taking root, but alfo tears up the roots of the corn to make his neft with in the fpring time : and as many country people do 2 Hot. |
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1
134 METHODS FOR
not underftand the right methods of deßroying
them, we have here laid down feveral which have not only been pratftifed by us with great fuccefs, but likewife experienced and well ap- proved cf by many others. To take Moles after Ike Plough.
You mufthave a carriage, with a large veflèl
cf water thereon, aiwaysto follow the plough, and where you fee that the plough has opened any mole holes newly cafi: up, pour ina pailful of water, and if they cannot get away, you will fee them immediately come out, when you may eafi- ly deftroy them. If this does not fucceed, then you muft have recourfe to-your trenches. 'J he V/ay to make Trenches for the Catching of Moles, and for defraying them therein. When ycu fee any mole hath newly caft up,
make a trench fix inches broad, and as long as you fee good ; open the earth on both fides, calling k up as deep as he hath gone; then make it fine, and put it in again, treading it down in the trench with your foot, but not too hard, left he fhould forfake it. Thus you may make as many trenches as you will in any ground, from a foot to four feet long. Which done you muft watch their hours of going abroad and returning home, which is early in the morning in dry or hot weather.- but in moift weather, or after a rain, they will go abroad and return twice a-day, beforeand after noon. When you perceive any in yout trench (which you may know by flick- ing finali twigs a little way in, for the working of the moles will throw them out) then come fufily
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DESTROYING MOLES. I35
foftly to the lee fide, and chop down your mole-
fpadecrofs behind, thruftingtheearthdown with ycur foot behind your fpade, then takeout your mole-fpade and caft her out, for fhe will often lie füll when fhe thinks fhe cannot get away ; when you have done, tread your trench gently down again, and you may by this means take many ir*. the fame trench. To lake Moles that runßalioiv in the ground.
A mole runs fhallow generally in the fpring>
that is in April or May, early in the morning, and for the moft part in trenches or cart ruts ; you muft be very diligent in watching her, and when you perceive where fhe runs, let her come forward in the trench ; then go foftly to the place where fhe is,but not on the wind fide, and ftamp the ground hard down with your foot, thrufting in your mole-fpade to prevent her going back ; which done, you may eafily throwher out and deftroy her. The Way to take Mäes in fotsfet in the Earth.
You fhould fet your pots in the traces voti
havelately obferved moles to go in, and )o placed, that the tops of the pots may be even with the ground in the trench, covering the pots about half over ; then put a live mole into each pot % for in the gendering time, which is generally in the fpring, the bucks will run after the does, and thofe in the pots will cry, and the ethers wilt wind and hear them, and follow them even into the pots; and as they cannot get out again, they will there cry and fight till they have aluicfb tilled one another. |
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i36
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METHODS, kc.
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Ho zu to find oat the Ss':fis of Moles.
They breed but once a year, that is in the
fpring ; therefore from March, view your ground to find out any new caft hills, at the middle whereof, pretty low, they make their neft, not unlike to that of a field mcrafe; fo that you muft obfei ve, that about St. Mark's day you may pof- fibiy take all their young in their nefts ; and by watching the trench, you will catch the dams » Coming to feek their young. Te drivi: Mol j from Place to Place.
When you perceive any holes that are newly
caft, open the fame, and put therein ftamped garlic wrapped upin linen clouts, of the bignefc óf a walnut, placing each fo that both ends be open; then cover the holes again, and the ftrong fai eli thereof will caufe the moles to go from thofe places. Some advife tar, fomelaurel, fome coleworts or elder ftampt, fome galbanum fumed in their holes, which will caufe them to fly: fo that when you fee them work in other grounds, always fume the fame, and it will certainly drive them away. Of Traps.
You may buy any fort of mole-traps in moll
market towns in England, and if they be fet by a good hand in the trenches or hills they are feen to run in, they will take many as they come or go at all times. Thus you may deftroy tl-iem in all grounds, if
you will take pains. Of
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»r. mead's cure, he. 137
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Of Curs.
A good way to deftroy moles in your ground»,
is to bring up a young cm to go along with you when you go a catching them; when you take ene, rub it gently and foftly about his nofe, bob it to and fro at his vnouth, and then lay it down and let him mouth it himfelf ; thus by playing with him, and letting him play with the mole, and a little conftant practice, he will come to find them out and kill them himfelf; and when he grows up and gets a thorough fcent of them, h» will find out and deftroy three to your one. |
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Dr. Mead's Powder and Method, nvhich is a certain
Remedy for the Cure of the iiiie of a mad Dog. LET the patient be blooded at the arm nine
or ten ounces. lake of the herb called in Latin, lichen cine- reus terreftris; in Englifh, afh-coloured ground liver-wort, cleaned, dried, and powdered, half an ounce; of black pepper, powdered, two drams. Mix thefe well together, and divide the powder into four dofes, one of which muft be taken every morning faffing, for four mornings fucceffively, in half a pint of cow's milk, warm ; after thefe four dofes are taken, the patient muft go into the cold bath, or a cold fpring or river, every morn- ing faffing, for a month ; he muft be dipt all over, but not ftay in (with his head above water) longer than half a minute, if the water be very cold ; after this he muft go in three times a week for a. fortnight longer. The
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>?3& RECEIPTS, &C.
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The Lichen is a very common herb, and
grows generally in fandy and barren foils all over England. The right time to gather it is in the months of October and November. An eafy and approved Remedy fir the Rheumatifm.
TAKE five ounces of ftone burnitone, reduce
it to a fine powder: divide it into fourteen equal parts, take one part every morning in fpring water. Continue it as you find proper. To make Black Balls for Boots.
TAKE fix ounces of bees wax, two ounces of
virgin's wax, one ounceof hard tallow, and one barrel of lamp-black, well mixed and boiled together in an earthen pot glazed. When you take it off the fire, take an ounce of plumb gum beaten very fmall, which pour in gradually, (tir- ring it continually till it isquite cold and incor- porated, then preferve it for ufe. To keep Arms from Ruß.
TAKE one ounce of camphire, to'two pounds
of hog's lard ; dilTolve them together, and take offthe fcura, mix as much black lead as will bring them to an iron colour ; rub your arms over with this, and let it lie on twenty four hours; then clean them as well as poffible with a linen cloth, and they will keep without the leali ruft for fix months. |
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INDEX
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INDEX.
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Advice to the Purchafers ofliorfes.
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I4O INDEX.
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Receipts for the cure of Iicrfes.
Examine a horfe carefully before you bargain for tirn '- 3'' 32> 33» 34- 35
Turnip poultice. Horfe ointment 35, 36
Balls for fvvelled and cracked heels 37 Mailänder and fellander. Anifeed cordial 33
Balls to' flop feet, Remedy for fboulder-flipgf) Cute for hip-fhot. To cure a clap in the bacie finews - . - 40
A caution to prevent the taking a clap in the
back finews for a fhoulder-flip - 41
Liquid fir a film over the eyes - 4^
For faintnefs. For the gripes - 45
Worms or bits Staggers - 46
Purge for a horfe juft taken from grafs 47
To prevent the hard working of a purge.
Remedy for broken winded hcv fes - 48
Balls for oppreffion or difficulty of breathing.
The true and only ufe of rowels - 49
A defcription of the farcy. The glanders ,53
Clyfter for a fever - - 51 Bleeding. Docking a horfe - 52
preafe, forfeits, lofs of appetite, cough, &c.
Mange, Coftive, Scouring, Peftilential fever,
Water for inflamed eyes - 53, 54
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14I
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1 1* O EX,
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Page
To cure the farcy - ■ 54
Another for ditto, Pole evil and fwelled neck
Cordial Balls - . 55
Gangrene and mortification. Strangles. Blood
fpavin. Quitter - ßö
Humours in the eyes. Heat in the mouth. Greafe.
Canker. Botches or impoftumations 57
Wounds. • Lax or flux. Glanders to carry them
off. Stranguary. Dropfy - 58
Glanders to dilfolve. Ditto to bring away after
other things have rotted them, and brought
them to fuppuration. Ointment fora ftrain
in the coffin joint - "59
A charge for the fame. Broken leg. Running
of the reins, - . (o
Mad ftaggers. Quitter bone - 61, 63-
To take a rheum horn the eves. A bite or ftroke
in the eyes. Sue,led ve-lis - 63
Splint, fpavin, curb. Dry hufky cough, Worii
of colds - - 64
B'.oody flux. Pifs freely. V'ives Megrim. 65
Colt evil. Bladders ii: the mentii. Bloody rifts in the palate. Chords - 66,67
To make diapente. For a (train. Filling o£
blood. Pain in the kidno orflone 68
Spleen, Ordering maresafter f .Hug. For a mare after foaling. Ordering a colt ^fter weaning 69
To provoke lull in marts. Cholic Ears. 70,71 Cramps or convulsions , 72 Importuni e in the ears. Feeble and faint, cold-
nefsor fhivering - - 73
For the yellows. Another for ditto 74
fUmpt
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l%t
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■I N H E X.
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Receipts for the Cure of Oxen, Cozvs, and Calves.
Pagi
Examine them before you buy - 75
A general drink for cattle out of order, Murrain
or pleague, Lofs of appetite - 76 Back ftained or running. Tail - 77
Flux, lax, or fcour - 78
Cough - - - "79
Fever. Stoppage of urine - 80, 81
Kibe. Yellows. Lungs - 82, 83
Hide bound or gargut. Gargyfe - 84
Lowr, or lofe the cud - - 85 Clue bound. Galled. Scab - 86
Huflt. Bloody fcour or flux - 87
Impollhumes. Sinew ftrain - 83
Inflammation in the lungs. Sore or wound 8g
Swelling. Old wound or fore go Ointment for a green wound. Of the haw 91
Bite of a mad dog, viper, or flow worm 92 Falling down of the palate. Bruifes. Lamenefs, fhoulder-pitched, cup-fprung, Shrew-bitten 93 Salve for a wound by a ftub or thorn. Bone bro- ken or mifplaced, Purge. Breeding of milk 94 Kot. Swollen cods. Piffing blood - 95 Another for the fame. Blain Red water 96
Strains in calving. Calf-haulm (wollen. Cow that cannot clean. Swellings or fnarled bags 97 Calf that fcoureth. Feed Calves while they fuck 9ÌJ Receipts for the Cure of Sheep and Lambs.
Before you buy, take care that they be all in good
health, and buy no more than your grafs will feed. Tar for the Ray or fcab - 9-; Broom-
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index; ( 145
Page
Broom'falve for the ray or fcab. How to ufe it i oo
Skit or loofenefs. Rot - ioi Ticks. Worm in the feet 102
Cough. Horfe-leech, or poifonous herb 103
Murrain. Red water, Wild-fire - 104. Sore eyes. Tag or belt - j 105.
Meafles. Blood - 106
Wood-evil - - - 107
Dartars. Loofe teeth. Take care of your lambs
after yeaning - « 103
Cutting or gelding of lamb». Flowing of the gall.
Itch or fcab - - 109
Staggers in lambs or young fheep 110
Receipts for the Cure of Hogs.
Do not buy more than is neceffary. To know
when in health - - in Quinfey. Kernels. Loathing of meat 113
Gargut or blood. Spleen - - 114 Choler - - ■» 115
Peftilence or plague - v - 116
Of meafled fwine. Lungs - iit
Gall. Pox - . 118
Swelling under the throat. Bite of a viper or
—mad dog . . j,g Tremor or fhaking . - 120
Staggers - - - 121
Murrain and meafles. Sows with pig. Gelding
pigs, and fpaying fow's - - 122 Gelding hogs To'feed hogs for lard. Bath for
the fwine pox , ( 10* Agaiuft vomitting - - 124
Receipts
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144 ì s b i ft".
Receipts for tie cure of Dogs*
Page
Different kinds of dogs, and their refpecti ve fer- riera - 125, ! 26, 127, 128 Cure for a bite by a mad dog cr viper - 128 The mange. To harden feet - 129 Wounded by ftaking. Frefh wound - 130 Convulfions.To cure a dog if poifoned. Megrim, Films over the eyes - 131 Bite of a mad dog. Another for ditto. Ticks, lice, or flees. Another for the fame 132 Worm under the tongue. Sore ears 133 OF M O L E S.
A fhort account of them - - '33
To take them after the plough. To make tren-
ches for them - - 134 To take moles that run [hallow in the ground.
,To take moles in potsfetin the earth 135 How to find out their nefts. To drive them from
place to place. Of traps - i36 Ofcurs - - '37
A D D I T 1 O N S.
Dr. Mead's powder and method, a certain re-
medy for the cure of the biteof a mad doe '37 An eafy and approved remedy for the rheuijw-
tifm. To make black balls for boots A° keep arms from ruft - - 8.3 |
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FINIS.
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