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TER VERKRIJGING VAN DEN GRAAD VAN
DOCTOR IN DE WIS- EN NATUURKUNDE
AAN DE RIJKS-UNIVERSITEIT TE UTRECHT.
OP GEZAG VAN DEN RECTOR-MAGNIFICUS
Dr. Th. M. VAN LEEUWEN, HOOGLEERAAR
IN DE FACULTEIT DER GENEESKUNDE, VOL-
GENS BESLUIT VAN DEN SENAAT DER UNI-
VERSITEIT TEGEN DE BEDENKINGEN VAN
DE FACULTEIT DER WIS- EN NATUURKUN-
DE TE VERDEDIGEN OP MAANDAG \i ©fi=
CEMDER 193«, DES NAMIDDAGS TE DRIE UUR

Nu dit proefschrift een afsluiting vormt van mijn officiële
academische studie, wens ik op deze plaats tot allen, die bij-
droegen aan mijn wetenschappelijke vorming, een woord van
dank te spreken, speciaal tot de hoogleraren en andere docenten
in de biologische vakken aan de Utrechtse Universiteit.

Een extra woord van dank richt ik gaarne tot mijn promotor,
prof. dr, A. A. PULLE, die mij door zijn belangstelling in mijn
werk en vooral door het feit, dat hij mij als assistent verbond
aan de staf van zijn laboratorium, de gelegenheid schonk, dieper
in de plantensystematiek door te dringen dan anders het geval
zou zijn geweest.

Het bestuur van het Miquelfonds, dat reeds zoveel studie-
reizen van Utrechtse botanici mogelijk maakte, stelde ook mij
in staat enige weken te werken in de herbaria te Londen
en Kew, hiervoor betuig ik mijn grote erkentelijkheid.

«■Ci

The present publication is intended to be a monograph on
the family of Burmanniaceae. It is divided into three parts:
General Part, Critical Part and Taxonomical Part.

The first part. General Part, contains general remarks on the
taxonomy, distribution and use of the family. The second part.
Critical Part, contains general and geobotanical remarks on the
genera of the family, whereas the third part, the Taxonomical
Part, gives the determination keys to the tribes, subtribes, gene-
ra, sections, subsections and species, the description of these
groups with literature, distribution and the indications of
the types. New varieties, species and larger groups are descri-
bed in the taxonomical part in foot-notes.

All mentioned specimens and literature have been personally
studied unless further particulars are given. Remarks about
colour, odour etc. and vernacular names are from collector's
notes on labels or from the literature. The author's work was
made possible by studying the materials of the following herba-
ria, these herbaria are indicated in this monograph by the following
abbreviations, proposed by the Standing Committee for Urgent
Taxonomic Needs of the International Botanical Congresses for
the planned Index Herbariorum. As this work is still in preparation
and not yet all the herbaria have agreed with their proposed
abbreviation, the list of abbreviations given below will possibly
be changed.

10.nbsp;Institut de Botanique Systématique de l'Univer-
site, Herbier Boissier, Genève.

G-BOIS

Here I wish to express my grateful thanks to the directors
of these herbaria for their generous help. Especially am I in-
debted to the directors and staff of the herbaria and libraries
which I have personally visited, for the hospitality and great
assistance given during my stay, viz. the herbaria of Brussels,
Kew, Leyden, British Museum (Natural History) London, the
Linnean Society of London, and Paris.

I am also highly indebted to the „Prof. Dr. F. A. W. Miquel-
fondsquot; which enabled me to stay in London for three weeks.

Finally I wish to express my most sincere thanks to Prof. Dr.
A. A. Pulle, Director of the quot;Botanisch Museum en Herba-
riumquot; of Utrecht, under whose direction the present work was
completed, for his assistance, advice and continual interest.

The genus Burmannia is founded hv T •
by later authors in different oladnbsp;quot; ^ ^ quot; ^ inserted

Miers in 1841 also inserted Thi quot;
Burmanniaceae, he divided the fan.;Knbsp;Ophiomeris into

Burmannia tenella finds its closest relLve Tthe U.i
tnanma lutescens.nbsp;^ Malayan Bur-

All authors agree in the opinion that it is a monocotyledonous
family but within this classis the family is classified in different
places. L i n d 1 e y in his Introd. Nat. Syst. (1830) considered the
genus Bmmannia to be related to Haemodoraceae, just as B a r t-
ling in his Ord. Nat. Plant. (1830) who placed it in his order
Ensatae. E n d 1 i c h e r. Gen. (1837), placed the genus between
fiydrochandaceae and Iridaceae in his classis Ensatae. In his
Enchiridion ( 1841 ) he pointed out relationship with Iridaceae and
^aeWoraceae. L i n d 1 e y, Veg. Kingd. (1846) on the other
hand placed it in the order Orchidales in which he distinguished
the series Apostasiaceae - Burmanniaceae - Orchidaceae, he
too pointed out a relationship to Iridaceae.

The problem grew still more difficult after the discovery of the
saprophytic, more reduced species of the genus and other sapro-
phytic genera of the family. The genera of Thismieae especially
made the question more complicated. Yet older authors nearly
always accepted relationship to Hydrocharidaceae: Bâillon
still said: '■LesHydrocharidacéeesquon pourrait considérer comme
une forme aquatique des Burmanniacéees . . . etc.quot;

K a r s t e n in Nov. Act. Leopold.-Carol. XXVI ( 1858 ) examined
some American species of the genera Gymnosiphon and Dictyo-
stega. He could not find any endosperm and thus classified the
family in the endospermless Monocotyledons with inferior ovary.
In this group he distinguished 3 classis: Gynandrae (fam. Orchi-
daceae and Apostasiaceae), Burmanniae (fam. Burmanniaceae)
and Limnobiae (fam. Hydrocharidaceae).

E i c h 1 e r (1875) united Burmanniaceae, Triuridaceae, Orchi-
daceae and Apostasiaceae together into the order Gynandrae.

B e n t h a m und H o o k e r ( 1883 ) placed Hydrocharidaceae,
tlurmanmaceae and Orchidaceae together into the series Micro,
spermae, characterized by the corolline perianth, inferior, usually
1-celled ovary and numerous, minute seeds without endosperm.

Bâillon (1895) dealt with Burmanniaceae between Tacca-
ceae and Hydrocharidaceae.

into two quot;Unterreihenquot;: Burmanniineae with one family Burman-
niaceae and Gynandrae with one family Orchidaceae. The Hydro-
charidaceae are placed in E n g 1 e r's system in the Helobiae and
thus no longer considered to be related to Burmanniaceae. In the
system of v o n W e 11 s t e i n the Burmanniaceae were given a
place at the end of the Liliiflorae as a much derived family. He
dismissed relationship to Orchidaceae, founded on the small seeds
and the shape of the embryo; according to him the actinomorphous

flowers and the presence of an endosperm indicated relationship
to LiliiJ;lorae.

Lotsy too considered Burmanniaceae as derived Liliiflorae,
related by the Thismieae to Taccaceae (1911).

On the other hand H u t c h i n s o n (1934) distinguished in
\us Division Corolliferae an Order Bnrmanniales (Burmanniaceae,
Thtsmtaceae and Corsiaceae). He was of the opinion that this
order and the connecting order Orchidales {Orchidaceae only)
developed on parallel lines from his order Haemodorales. He
thought these lines of development taking their rise from the family
Apo^,aceae of the Haemodorales. With the genus Apostasia
of this family the genus Campylosiphon of Burmanniaceae should
show the nearest relationship. The Thismiaceae he considered much
more modified from the orthodox type of Monocotyledon than the
Burmanniaceae.

The present author's opinion is that the pretended relationship
to Orchtd^ceae is founded only on the resemblance of the seeds
of Orchids and some genera of Burmanniaceae. This resemblance
(loose, reticu ate testa) is superficial as Orchidaceae possess no
endosperm whereas especially E r n s t and B e r n a r d and also
P f e iff e r indicated an endosperm in a number of Burmannia-
ceae. No great value can be given to the seed resemblance this
proves the fact that e.g. Parnassia palustris has seeds of absolutely
the same shape but a little larger.

The presence of endosperm and the construction of the flower
makes relationship with the Liliiflorae highly probable. Of this

order Amaryllidaceae, Icidaceae and Taccaceae seem to be the
most closely related. If one compares the construction of the flower
of one of these families with that of a primitive Burmanniacae,
then a large agreement exists. The most original Burmanniaceae
in my opinion are the non-saprophytical species, especially those
species which do not possess reduced leaves. The section Foliosa
of the genus Burmannia thus can compare with it.

In Iridaceae the inner whorl of stamens is lacking however,
whereas in Burmanniaceae the outer one can be missing.

The inflorescence, more and more admitted as an important
indicator of natural relationship, is as a rule cymose in Burman-
niaceae. Usually the flowers are placed in cincinni or double
cincinni, also in the section Foliosa of Burmannia. Most of the
Liliiflorae have racemose inflorescences, but cymose ones can
occur, e.g. in Iridaceae. The inflorescence of Freesia for instance
completely agrees with those of Burmanniaceae.

Several American species of the genus Burmannia have been
discovered among M a r t i u s's Brazilian material, described by
him in his Nov. Gen. et Spec. (1824). The American Vogelia
(T ripterella) capitata seemed to belong to this genus too.

Mier s went on and collected in Rio de Janeiro representatives
of the new genera Dictyostega and Cymbocarpa which he com-
pared with the already known genera Gymnosiphon and Apteria.
Later he collected two species of his new genus Ophiomeris, con-
sidered by him to be closely related to the Indian genus Thismia,
described by G r i f f i t h as an intermediate genus between Tac-
caceae and Burmanniaceae. According to Miers Thismia and
Ophiomeris belong to the family Burmanniaceae but form a
separate tribe. So he proposed the following subdivision:

Witt 1nbsp;---
and a l-celled ovary. This oenus h
ceae. Cor.a seemed to be a ,00,

and S m i t h classified Thismieae to Burmanniaceae, because
Schlechter too described the African genus Oxygyne with
flowers, closely resembling those of Thismia (circumcissile and
urceolate) but possessing only 3 stamens as Burmannieae. By the
discovery of this remarkable genus the most important distinguish-
ing feature between the two tribes was lost.

In 1934 a new revision of Monocotyledons appeared by Hut-
chinson who classified in his order Burmanniales 3 families:
Burmanniaceae, Thismiaceae and Corsiaceae. The splitting off of
Thismieae as a separate family is based on the flower-construction
and the lack of endosperm; the specialization of the Thismia
flowers gives quite another impression than the rather primitive
flowers of Burmannia or Apteria. Hutchinson however has
not been able to examine the Thismieae material owing to its rare-
ness.

The present author is of the opinion that the Corsiaceae indeed
differ too much in flower-construction to be classified with the
Burmanniaceae into one family (epigynous, extrorse stamens,
strong zygomorphy). Also the genus Geosiris from Madagascar,
described by Bâillon in Iridaceae but transferred by Engler
to Burmanniaceae, is deviating too much to be classified in Bur-
manniaceae. A later pubhcation will deal with this genus and its
place in the classification of Monocotyledons.

In my opinion the family of Burmanniaceae should be divided
into two tribes: Burmannieae and Thismieae because of the flower
construction. The construction of the flowers is much more impor-
tant than the number of cells of the ovary, in the genus Campylo-
siphon the young flowers have one-celled ovaries with prominent
placentas. During the development these placentas grow together
m the centre so that a 3-celled ovary arises with axial placentation.

The Thismieae cannot be distinguished as a separate family as
accepted by H u t c h i n s o n, in the genus Oxygyne with 3 sta-
mens and a flower-construction of Thismieae an intermediate to
Burmannieae exists. Moreover Ernst and Bernard have
shown in Thismia javanica and Thismia clandestine a distinct
endosperm, so that H u t c h i n s o n's differences: Burmanniaceae,

The Burmanniaceae enclose ± 125 sDer,gt;lt;= rU- f.
the tropics of both hemispheresr

A small number of species occur outside the tropics e o Bur
mannia capitata and Apteria anhull.nbsp;^

of the Asiatic species of th s ae f Mozambique while
China and Japan n Aus ral aTquot; ' quot;nbsp;^^^

The Thismieae inhabit the tropics of bntl. v, ■ u
two closely connected species- ThLZ ^^-'^P^eres except

It is very desirable that 7. americaria will be'again collected
no American species of this affinity is known. The di foence,
wi h r. Rodwayi are very small, by examining more materiï i
wdl appear perhaps that the two species are identical b l
to believe that Chicago is the norLl area for^f p
canno give a satisfactory explanation why it occurs'the^ Th
habitat, an open prairie among the moss, is very different to th

The non-saprophytic (semi-saprophytic?) species of the
genus Burmarrrira occur usually in fields, savannah's and sim W
places, in America. Africa and Asia, never in large qua^^s

together. The species of the sect. Foliosa of this genus, non-sapro-
phytic too, inhabit also forests, brushwood etc., being rather
high, perennial, many-leaved herbs.

The saprophytical species on the contrary, as well from the
tribe Burmannieae as the Thismieae, occur almost exclusively on
decaying leaves, wood and roots in the deep shade of tropical,
wet, primeval forests. It is striking that at a certain habitat often
a number of species grow together, often too in company with
Triuridaceae and saprophytic Gentianaceae or Polygalaceae, so
that one sometimes meets in a herbarium with several saprophytic
species under the same collector's number.

Schipp S. 667a from British Honduras consists of Apteria
aphylla. Leiphaimos cf. mexicana (Gentianac.) and a Triuridacae.

Leng 311 from British Guiana contains Gymnosiphon brevi-
florus and Leiphaimos spec.

According to M i e r s, on the label of the type-specimen of
Cymbocarpa réfracta, this species grows together on Mt. Corco-
vado (Brazil) with Dictyostega orobanchioides.

Buchtien 459 and Bang 1563, both from Bolivia, consist of a
mixture of Burmannia tenella and Dictyostega orobanchioides.

Backer 6277 from Java, Buitenzorg, holds Burmannia lutescens,
growing together with Epirrhizanthes elongata (Polygalac.)
according to the label. The same community in Java has been
recorded by v. d. Fiji in Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. XXI (1934)
p. 761.

v. Slooten s.n. from Java, Semarang, consists of Burmannia
lutescens mixed with a few specimens of Gymnosiphon neglectus.

Ledermann 14453, from the Palau Islands, Gymnosiphon
papuanus, was growing together with a Triuridacae according to
the label.

In the literature several cases of saprophytes growing together
are described, see v. d. P ij 1 I.e.

v. d. P ij 1 presumes that this is produced by the presence of
a fungus. However it is not yet known if the endophyte of all
these saprophytes is identical, it is quite likely that it is in every

case a Phycomycete, probably belonging to the Peronosporaceae.
A similar endophyte also occurs in Lycopodium, in this connection
it is perhaps of importance that C r u e g e r collected in Trinidad
specimens of Apteria aphylla var./!ymenan?/zera growing in dense
cushions of Lycopodium (Crueger s.n. [GoTT])

An exception concerning the habitat of the saprophytes is made
by the puzzling Thismia amevicana. Except for the occurrence
outside the tropics and in another part of the world than the
connected species, this species has been collected in an open prairie
among the moss (and Selaginella) and not in decaying vegetable
material in the shade of the forest.

Economically the Burmanniaceae are of no account
According to N u 11 a 1. L i n d 1 e y and B a i 11 o n, Burmannia
biflora and Apteria aphylla are used for the composition of the
green tea.

According to a label in herb. Calcutta on a sheet with Barman-
ma coelestis, collected by C a m p b e 11, this plant is given in
Bengal by the Santals medicinally.

The genus Campylosiphon is always considered to be related
to Burmannia on account of its 3-ce.lled ovary and the shape of
the stamens, differing from Burmannia by its inner perianth-lobes
being of equal length as the outer ones and the somewhat Orchid-
like facies. The curved perianth-tube also was given as a point
of difference. This last mentioned feature seems to be of no value
as often the young flowers are straight and sometimes curving
later on.

The ovary however appears to be l-celled in young flowers
with prominent parietal placentas, growing together in the older
ovary and forming a 3-celled capsule with axile placentation.

H u b e r's Dipterosiphon spelacicola is now to be classed also
with Campylosiphon purpurascens. The plant of Ruber is not
distinguishable from B e n t h a m's plants, the genus Dipterosi-
phon was founded next to Campylosiphon only on account of its
l-celled ovary. The genus has been removed by the present author
and placed into the synonymy of Campylosiphon Benth.

This genus is also related to Burmannia on account of its 3-
celled ovary and correctly separated from that genus by U r b a n
because of:

2.nbsp;the peculiar hammer-shaped stamens, the connective taper-
ing at its base into a thick filament,

manmas he again divided into a group with wingless or only .ibbed
flowers and a group with winged flowers

Malme (Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. 22 Afd III MSQM^
based his classification on the American species onlyquot;. The e n h
opmion could easdy be c assified into 3 subgenera ol sections. Th
first subgenus he called Euburmarrrria, characterized by the 3

winged flowers. The second was monotypic, this he called Vogelia,
based on the only wingless American Burmannia: B. capitata.

From the 2 species B. alba Mart, and B. grandiflora Malme
was formed the third subgenus Astroburmannia, characterized by
the patent outer perianth-lobes, which in other Bmmannias are
always erect. Moreover the roots were dimorphic in this section,
one being tuberous.

In the present author's opinion the existence of saprophytic
and non-saprophytic species is not sufficient to base sections
on it. Of two closely related species one can be saprophytic and
colourless, the other non-saprophytic and green while practically
no difference exists in facies and flower-construction. Fischer,
in Gamble's Flora of Madras, went so far as to take the species
so large that the same species could be saprophytic or auto-
trophic. Under Burmannia coelestis he placed the green B. coe-
lestis and B. pusillus, but also the saprophytic B. Candida and
B. candelabrum.

The shape of the wings too is in my opinion of no real value for
the classification. All intermediaries occur between species with
quite wingless flowers and prominently 3-winged flowers: there
are species with 3-costate or 6-costate flowers, species in which
the flowers have linear, ijarrow wings, narrow or broader half-
elliptical wings to half-(ob) ovate and half-orbiculate wings.
Moreover the shape of wings can also strongly differ in one
species: besides the South-American B. flava with narrow wings
a variety with broad wings occurs. In the Malayan B. lutescens
Becc. (= Gonyanthes Candida m.) the wings can vary from
narrow and linear to broadly half-obovate. This fact also makes
the shape of the wings a useless feature.

In the size and insertion of the leaves I found a good charac-
teristic to divide the genus as follows.

Section 1: Foliosa. Perennial, non-saprophytic herbs, of which
the whole stem or the lower part of the stem is beset with a large
number of long, linear or ensiform, parallel-veined, green, grass-
like, often imbricate and decurrent leaves. This section contains
only 5 species but forms a unit within the genus Burmannia by its

characteristic facies. Probably these species represent the most
primitive Burmanniaceae.

Section 2: Eufcarmanma. Annual or perennial, saprophytic or
autotrophic herbs. Stem beset with few. very small, often more or
ess appressed scales. The non-saprophytical species also have a
few-leaved radical rosette of small, linear leaves, often reduced to
lackingnbsp;^^P^^^P^Ytic species the rosette is always

Wome. Most of the Burmannia-species are annuals, rhizomes or
tubers sometimes occurring

Four of the five spedes belonging to this group are known from
tropical America viz. B. Kalbreyeri Benth., B. Wercklei Schltr
a polygaloiäes Schltr. and B. /o/,o.a Gleas. All fir a ' ^
cies only once or twice collected.nbsp;^

The Hith species, ß. longifolia Becc. has a large area in tropical
Asia and is often collected.

In 1913 S c h 1 e c h t e r described a sixth species of Fo/,o.a
of Nw. Guinea, viz. B. leucantha. This species agrees in facies
with B. longifolia occurring also in New Guinea, but is more robust
and differs only from B. longifolia by the ,short, 2-lobed inner
penanth-lobes. being entire in B. longifolia. Indeed this seems to
be the case in the type of B. leucantha and other specimens from
New Guinea while others show a conversion in the shape of retuse
mner lobes (e.g. Ledermann 12379 [B]). Finally there is still the
case of Ledermann 11132e [B], where in the same flower the
inner perianth-lobes are partly entire as in B. longifolia and partlv
bilobed as described for B. leucantha.

Besides this feature no differences exist between B. leucantha
and B. longifolia and this feature has no value on account of the
above described intermediates. B. leucantha is placed by the pre-
sent author into the synonymy of B. longifolia Becc.

Of the American species belonging to this section, only one is
saprophytic viz. Burmannia tenella Benth. Schlechter's
B. amazonica seems to be identical with it. Of the non-sapro-
phytic species I cannot affirm M a 1 m e's B. grandiflora. This
species differs only from B. alba Mart, in size of the flowers, as
Malme himself also saw later on. The number of veins of the
outer perianth-lobes is not constant, even not in the same plant and
thus of no value as a distinguishing feature. The present author
distinguishes the large-flowered specimens as a separate and new
variety of B. alba.

Malme distinguished 3 varieties of Burmannia bicolor Mart.
In my opinion his variety subcoelestis does not differ from the
species, it only represents a robust form with a large number of
intermediaries to the species. His two other varieties, var. tenera
and var. aprica deviate in flower-construction and shape of the
wings so strongly from B. bicolor. that I wish to consider them as
separate species (B. tenera Jonk. and B. aprica Jonk.). Amongst
the material of R e g n e 11 are specimens from Minas Geraes,
Brazil, possessing the flower-construction of B. aprica but of quite
other facies. On these specimens I base the new variety pusilla of
B. aprica.

The present author could state the occurrence of Burmannia
flava Mart, in Southern Florida, while he describes a new variety
of this species with broader wings. (B. flava Mart. var. macroptera
Jonk.). Malme already drew the attention to the existance of
broad-winged specimens.

Finally G 1 e a s o n described in 1931 as a new species B. brae-
teosa from Venezuela, closely connected to B. capitata and grow-
ing mixed with this species. In my opinion this is only a form of

B capitata of which the axis of the inflorescences are more strongly
developed In place of the usual capitate inflorescence a many-
flowered, bifid cmcinnus results, thus an inflorescence as in other
Burmanntaceae. This form seems to be not rare, apparently it can
appear amongst normal B. capitata. A great number of inter-
medianes exist between typical B. capitata and this forma brae-
teosa (Gleas.) Jonk. (fig. 6).

In tropical Africa 3 saprophytic, at the same time wingless
species occur. Of these three Schlechter'^R . \

(Wright) Jonk. This species is closely related with S c h 1 e c h-
t e r s B densiflora, after collecting more material perhaps it will
appear that it is not possible to separate the two species The also
relate B. He.aptera Schltr. differs more by its 6-costl flowts

Of the non-saprophytic species the interpretation of B. capen-
Sis Mart, and B. inhambanensis Schltr. gave difficulties

S c h 1 e c h t e r described B. inhambanerrsis in 1912 and stated
that this was the first African Burrrrannia outside the tropics
B.capensis of which he had not seen the type, would be identical
in his opinion with the asiatic B. coelestis. His hypothesis was that
the plant was brought from India or Ceylon by a traveller (Bru
gui ère s), who called at South Africa too. this might be the
reason of the mistake in habitats.

The type of B. capensis in the Paris herbarium (Herbier Jus
sieu) however is not identical with B. coelestis. the latter more-
over does not occur in Ceylon.

In a later publication (1925) Schlechter considered
B. capensis as a synonym of B. madagascariensis without further
argument.

My examination of the type proved however that this type
absolutely agrees with S c h 1 e c h t e r s B. inhambanensis so
B. inhambanensis Schltr. is to be considered as a synonym of
B. capensis Mart.

The closely connected B. madagascariensis has a complicated
synonymy. The species was described by M a r t i u s in 1824. In
1884 Baker also described a B. madagascariensis without
mentioning M a r t i u s's species. Therefore Hochreutiner
renamed B a k e r's species in B. Bakeri.

After examining the type-material it is my opinion that Baker's
species is identical with the species of M a r t i u s, the correct
name is then B. madagascariensis Mart.

In 1925 Schlechter described 5 new species of this genus
from tropical Africa. Quite rightly he considered B. bicolor Mart,
var. africana Ridl. as a new species, named by him B. Welivitschii.
This species is not closely related to the American B. bicolor Mart.,
at any rate it is not a variety of it.

In my opinion S c h 1 e c h t e r's B. Le-Testui is synonym with
the B. latialata Hua, described by Pobeguin in 1906 and his
B. chariensis with E n g 1 e r's B. liberica, described in 1913.

B. bicolor Mart., var. micrantha, described by E n g 1 e r and
G i 1 g is, as was to be expected, not a variety of the American
B. bicolor, it is identical with B. liberica Engl. All these species,
with B. blanda Gilg, are closely related, they can only be
distinguished after dissecting and examination of the shape of
the perianth-lobes and stamens.

The non-saprophytic species gave in my revision few dif-
ficulties. I describe in this monograph two new species: B. Leder-
mannii from New Guinea and B. connata from Sumatra. The latter
is related to B. luteo-alba Gagnep. but differs by the typical shape
of the stamens. Contrary to a number of authors I maintain
B. pusilla as a good species. In several floras this species is con-
' sidered as a small form of B. coelestis Don, T r i m e n in his Flora
of Ceylon based a variety of B. coelestis on it. The typical double
margin of the outer perianth-lobes by which B. coelestis is easily
recognisable, is lacking here. Together with the deviating shape
of the flower-wings I have sufficient argument to uphold this
species. A new variety of B. pusilla is described with narrow wings

and a slender, longer stem. This variety, B nu^ill. ii
Miers) TW., var. Hongkongensis Jonk., is'knL^ntr ^^^^^^^^
kong. I a so mamtain B. ^,a„cana Miq. though this species in 1
opmion of many botanists should belong to B.nbsp;The nlrrow

wmgs. the typical radical rosette and the fleshv vein« ^ f
perianth-lobes are characteristics which make itlT K .
rate this species from 5. disticha B a '[Possihïe to sepa-

The four Burmannia species described hv r j
rB. 6ornee„.-., B. chinensis, B. maCenst and S ' / r n
seem to be identical with B coelesti. rgt;l t

Many more difficulties were qiven bv tho c i.
One of the problems was to decide which so
B Candida Tn 1S97 Rinbsp;^P^^'^s should be called

New Guinea is extremely variable in the ILpfot he flquot;
Wings. Sometimes the species are al„„s, wingless the w „ Thquot;'
are narrow and linear, sometimes the winos are Lldi °
«.»cate. These extremes are connected-bTirertÜ.e:!:quot;!^

appeared to be impossible to distinguish forms or varieties. Also
in the same plant the shape of the wings can vary. Consequently
in my opinion belong to the same species: B. Gjellerupii J. J. S.;
B. gracillis Ridl.; B. lutescens Becc.; B. novae-hiberniae Schltr. and
B. papulosa Stapf. Moreover Hochreutiner had already
discovered that the name Candida for this species was illegitimate,
he proposed the name Burmannia gonyantha Hochr. The oldest
specific epitheton in the genus Burmannia however is lutescens
(1877), the correct name is Burmannia lutescens Becc.; the species
of Griffith and Hooker retains the name Burmannia can-
dida.

To the latter species B. oblonga Ridl. is closely connected and
with this species B. bifida Gagnep. is identical. The difference
being that the inner perianth-lobes are lacking in B. oblonga while
they are present in B. Candida. Perhaps after examination of living
material it will appear that the species are identical. Also B. can-
delabrum Gagnep. is related to these two species. Burmannia
Clementis Schltr. cannot 'be kept apart from B. nepalensis. All
other saprophytic, winged Burmannias can be maintained, the
present author describes in this monograph 4 new species:
B. stricta and B. indica, both from India and B. Steenisii and
B. malasica, both from the Malayan area. Of the wingless sapro-
phytic species I can maintain first B. sphagnoides Becc. and
B. micropetala Ridl. ^ B. capitata Mak., B. chionantha Schltr.,
B. Dalzieli Rendle, B. japonica Maxim, and B. tuberosa Becc.
seem to be synonyms of B. Championii Thw. Besides by its
inflorescence this species is characterized by its small apical point
on the connective, which is however often directed inwards and
therefore only with difficulty visible in herbarium material.

The genus Burmannia chiefly determines the geography of the
family. It is mainly a tropical genus, occurring in both hemispheres
with spurs outside the tropics to the North and South. The map
of the geographical distribution of the family (fig. 1) consequently
holds too for the distribution of this genus, except the isolated

The species are always limited to one part of the world:
American species are not known from the other continents, African
species do not occur outside Africa while the AsiaticAustralian
species also only occur in Asia and Australia. Yet these species
are often closely related and distinguishable with great difficulty.

B. longifolia is the only Asiatic species of the section Foliosa
and yet closely related to the American species of the section

B. tene la Benth., the only American saprophytic Burmannia
finds Its closest relative in the Malayan B. lutesceis Becc

This genus, with one species: C. réfracta, founded by Miers
was united with Gymnosiphon by B e n t h a m and H o o k e r'
Indeed it is very closely related to this genus, according to the
construction of the flowers, the deciduous perianth-limb and the
glands in the ovary.

Urban quite rightly again separated Cymbocarpa from
nostphon on account of its peculiar manner of dehiscing of the
capsule and the very long funiculi.

C.nbsp;saccata. differing with the same characteristics from the genus
Gymnosiphon. C. Urbani, described by G o e b e 1 and S u e s-
s e n g u t h seems to be identical with C. réfracta. G o e b e 1 and

Suessenguth described erroneously a 3-lobed perianth,
apparently the very small inner perianth-lobes were overlooked
by them.

The designs of the stigma as shown by M i e r s as well as by
G o e b e 1 and Suessenguth are incorrect, each stigma has
4 small horns, 2 long and 2 shorter ones. The breadth of the con-
nective, mentioned by G o e b e 1 and Suessenguth as
differing from C. refracta in C. LIrbani, varies much according to
the age of the flowers. As suspected already by Urban, the
species C. Urbani cannot be maintained. The C. saccata described
by Sandwith is distinguished immediately by the ring of
saggings at the base of the perianth-tube. For the rest this species
agrees with C. refracta in facies and construction of the flower.

The genus Gymnosiphon is founded by B 1 u m e in 1827 with
one species, G. aphyllus Bl. from Java. Beccari (1877)
described two other species, of which one however seems to be
identical with G. aphyllus. He also remarked that the Brazil genus
Ptychomeria, founded by Bentham in 1858 with 7 species,
probably was identical with Gymnosiphon. In Bentham and
Hooker's Genera Plantarum (1883) Ptychomeria was indeed
united with Gymnosiphon and also the genus Benitzia, founded by
Kar St en in 1856 and the genus Cymbocarpa of Miers. In
1903 Urban made a more exact revision of the genus in the
Symb. Ant. He again separated Cymbocarpa Miers from Gymno-
siphon as well as G. trinitatis Johow, placed now into a new genus
Marthella Urb. He also drew attention to the glands in the ovary
on both sides of each placenta, seen in all American species in-
vestigated by him. These glands had already been described by
Kar St en (1858) in his genus Benitzia, apparently identical
with Gymnosiphon.

Urban who only investigated American species, divided the
genus into two sections: Eugymnosiphon with a capsule dehiscing

at the apex The wall of the ovary is here reticulate-thickened at
least the wall of the capsule is reticulate-perforated. This section
contains the Asiatic species. The other section: Ptychomeria has
a membranous fruit, dehiscing with three irregular clefts and
contains the American and African species

S ch lech ter in 1921 objected to this classification. In his
Gymnosiphon and Ptychomeria are two distinctly
separated genera. He found besides the difference in fruit-wall
tha the ovary-glands, first described by K a r s t e n and later on
by U r b a n. only occur in American species, thus in Ptychomeria.
The anthers oi Gymnosiphon would be dehiscing with a lateral
long, udinal cleft and those of Ptychomeria by a transverse cleft.
Finally Gymnosiphon would have hollow stigmas and Ptychomeria

possess quite the same glands as the American species and ju«;
a large. Often the ovaries are strongly swollen by the bulging
glands, it is a puzzle to me how S c h I e c h t e r could state
deficences There is no foundation for S c h 1 e c h t e r's main-
argument for the separation of the two genera

The stigmas of Asiatic species are somewhat hollow or funnel-
shaped and hollowed out. In American species they are usually
Hat. sometimes somewhat hollow (G. [imbratus, G. capitatus
G. tenellns and the African G. usambaricus). Besides sometimes'
hey are furnished with small, short horns, at times with long
filiform appendages or not appendaged. The stigmas are unsui'.^
able thus to base a separation into two genera on it. S c h 1 e c h
ter had seen all Asiatic Gymnosiphon-s^ezies in living state if
he also had had an occasion to see living American and African
species perhaps he would have seen hollow stigmas in many
species in which now it is unknown.

The difference consists in the structure of the wall of the
capsule and m the mode of dehiscino On .nbsp;Tnbsp;,

G„™a) and ftjcfc^e™ („„pica, America, tropical Africa)
is .le fac't« ,fspec.es of ,his genus

■hougl, i, is collected 1st y ^ tv '
Sclilechter, Beccari'sB fc'nbsp;J a9«ement with

and remarked that until then only one species was known from
this country: G. papuanus Becc. Evidently he had overlooked
G. affinis J. J. S. G. torricellensis Schltr. very probable is identical
with this species, the condition of the material makes it impossible
to establish. The apiculate connectives, the crenulate lateral lobes
of the outer perianth-lobes and the shape of the inflorescence make
it very probable.

Schlechter's description however of the insertion of the
stamens does not agree with G. affinis. He described them as
inserted directly below the inner perianth-lobes, while G. affinis
is characterized by very lowly inserted stamens. But in the only
very young bud I was able to examine of S c h 1 e c h t e r's type-
material I could establish a low insertion. Before ascertaining more
material is necessary, but for the present I have classed G. ^or^^-
cellense Schltr. to G. affinis J.J.S.

To this section belong all American and African Gymnosiphon-
species. B e n t h a m who established the genus Ptychomeria,
divided it into two sections: Aplomeria and Diplomeria. Aplomeria
would only possess 3 perianth-lobes, the outer ones; while Diplo-
meria would have also 3 very small inner lobes.

It seems to me that in all Gymnosiphon-species, both in the
section Eugymnosiphon and Ptychomeria, the inner lobes are
present. I managed to see them in the type-material of all
B e n t h a m's Ap/omeria-species. Usually they are very small and
stuck to the rest of the perianth in herbarium-material, it is rather
difficult to examine them. After soaking for about 24 hours in
concentrated ammonia generally they will come off. Then after
hardening the flower for about one day in concentrated alcohol
one can usually observe them, provided that the flower is not
too old.

A much better feature to divide this section I find in the stigmas.
In a number of the species the stigmas have filiform appendages,
in other species these appendages are lacking. From this feature
I propose the subsections Inappendiculati and Appendiculati.

(Benth.) Urb., G. d^aaacatus (Benth.) Benth. et Hook., G. sphae-
rocavpus Urb. and G. tenellus (Benth ) Urb

also specimens with a normal Gymnosiphon-iacies. G. Glaziovii
seems to be identical with G. tenellus (Benth.) Urb

stigmas are unknown however it is imnr^cc.-ki ^ j • i
subsection the species belongs.'nbsp;' 'nbsp;quot;

type ot Ihe lasl „e„„„„ed species. v„„ Tuerckheim II 475 was
disenbuted at the time as G. (e„e/to Benth It cm
dist,.,„ishednbsp;that species hy its .»e,' acft

Gymnosiphon arcuatus Urb., described in lon^ •
together With the description of G. sp^oZ^ JC::^
overlooked and also taken up only in the last (8th) supplem nÏ^
the Index Kewensis, seems to be a rather common species in
Amazonas. Guiana and Trinidad. To this species belong also the
specimens, called by Bentham Ptychomeria tenella var. minor
These 3pec.mens do not belong to G.nbsp;and are not a variety

The geographical distribution of this species coincides with
those of Dictyostega orobanchioides var. parvi[lora and Apteria
aphylla var. hymenanthera, all small-flowered plants with their
main-distribution in Guiana.

Gymnosiphon mattogrossensis (Malme) Jonk., described by
M a 1 m e in 1934 from Matto Grosso seems to occur also in
Trinidad. The species is not yet known from the intervening ter-
ritories.

I can find no difference between G. cornutus (Benth.) Benth.
et Hook, and G. muticus (Benth.) Urb. B e n t h a m remarks in
his description of G. muticus: ,,With the P. cornuta, from which it
scarcely differs, except in colour and the want of appendages to
the lobe of the style.quot; As however the present author could
observe the appendages in many of the specimens, belonging to
B e n t h a m's type-material (in older flowers they are sometimes
lacking) and the colour of the perianth in Gymnosiphon-species
seems to be not constant, he can find no objection in uniting
G. muticus and G. cornutus.

Another difficulty is found in interpreting Benitzia Poeppigiana
Karst. {Ptychomeria Poeppigiana (Karst.) Schltr.). Poeppig
collected on the isle of Colares two species of Gymnosiphon:
G. cymosus to be found in the herbaria W and P, both numbered
3013 and G. cornutus, specimens very similar to the type-material
of G. muticus, also present in the herbaria W and P, numbered
in herb. W 3013, in herb. P 2967.

According to the description it is my conclusion that K a r s t e n
described the G. cornutus as Benitzia Poeppigiana, because he
mentions the erect flowers and the resemblance to Benitzia suave-
olens Karst. {Gymnosiphon suaveolens (Karst.) Urb.) and he
speaks of quot;cyma bicruraquot;. Therefore I consider B. Poeppigiana to
be a synonym of G. cornutus. If this idea however is correct, the
label with quot;Benitzia Poeppigiana Karst., Act. Leopold.quot; in the
Vienna herbarium is stuck on the wrong sheet, for it is to be found
on the sheet with G. cymosus. In case however the label is cor-
rectly placed, although one would not think so after the description,
B. Poeppigiana is not to be considered as a synonym of G. cornutus

but of G. Cfimosas^ Urban. Symb. Ant, HI (19031 „ 4« ..
B.nbsp;a, identical o, „early ide. ical „'th C

Further on he described 'by the very small flowers,
the already known all?G:;:T;rK f f distinguishable from
which in G. would bSbedf-

possible to decide whether this species is identical with another
species and in what subsection it belongs.

In this genus 6 species were originally described. One of them,
A. orobanchioides, was already established together with some
other species into a new genus Dictyostega. The recently described
A. Ulei Schltr. and A. boliviana Rusby seem to be absolutely
identical in respect to A. hymenanthera Miq. and A. aphylla
(Nutt.) Barnh., up to now better known as A. setacea Nutt.
According toBentham the three remaining species (A. aphylla,
A. lilacina and A. hymenanthera) are to be united into one species.
B e n t h a m could not observe any difference in flower-morpho-
logy, only a difference in size of flowers. I cannot share this
opinion. A. lilacina Miers is extremely well characterized by its
large, hypocraterimorphous flowers (hypocraterimorphous flowers
do not otherwise occur in this genus) and its broad filaments, just
as broad as the two connective-branches. In several herbariums I
also found other large-flowered Apterias, always determined as
A. lilacina. Warming has already suggested that in these
specimens the typical constriction is lacking. Moreover the spe-
cimens, which I saw from Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia, possess
spathulate inner perianth-lobes, typical A. lilacina has linear to
lanceolate lobes. The connective-branches are broader than the
filaments and the connective is medially acute-caudate at the base.
The stem-scales are much larger than in the typical A. lilacina.
Therefore I describe these specimens as a new species: A. gen-
tianoides Jonk.

1 cannot maintain A. hymenanthera Miq. as a distinct species.
There is no difference from the main species A. aphylla (Nutt.)
Barnh. except the usually smaller flowers, A. hymenanthera is
therefore described as a variety of this species: A. aphylla (Nutt.)
Barnh., var. hymenanthera (Miq.) Jonk. Intermediate forms occur
between the species and its variety especially in the West-Indian
Islands.

h Wtttd Tm'Tquot; over Mexico, Central America and
he West Indies to Northern Brazil and Bolivia. It is very curious

and eastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes but'no
in the intervening districts.nbsp;^eraes) but not yet

the „o„e-deeiduo„s perian.h-limb. the erescemT ^ f'
be.o„ .henbsp;.„ ^„e.., a„ar

Gymnosiphon than one would think Th. . (
only a phenomenon of convergent'ienbsp;quot; quot;

perianth-lobes does not occur in any one If ^r ' TT
Burmanniaceae except in a few species o he a 'Tquot;
though it is erroneously described brB en h ' quot;
Gymnosiphon-species.nbsp;« ^^ ^ n t h a m m a number of

H Miers. Th'e distingulshlg e r^
Hower being more or less constrtld in the K
size of the perianth, are the res't of thf H
state of the ovary's developmentnbsp;^ ^^^ ^^^

The species is however lacking in Netherlands and French
Guiana and Amazonas. substituted there by the small
varietynbsp;(Ben.h.) ,„„L Besides J sp cirto^

of both areas. Consequently it Ts ver^ d^fLdM:^
I he second species belonging to this aenult;= D D

Dictyostega costata too belonged to this oenu, TU■
di..e, M. „„.e„„a By .1 ovaty^r/sl ~
lata, and the presence o( an involuerum co„si„i„„ , u
M. Mlata. lacking in M. costatanbsp;'

No difference exists in the ovaries, the tvoe of M ' .
represented only by somewhat older materia^'than h^^quot;nbsp;^^

In my opinion M. costata thus is a synonym of M. umbellata,
just as M. anstata. described by Sandwith from British
Guiana, characterized by its long-aristate scales. This feature
often occurs however in the Brazilian material too. The only
species remaining in this genus is consequently Miersiella umbel-
lata (Miers) Urb.

This genus is founded by Schlechter with Thismia Wink-
leri Engl, as type-species. Engler did not agree with this circum-
scription of the genus: quot;Mir scheint die Abtrennung dieser Formen
innerhalb der Gattung Thismia ausreichend für die Unterschei-
dungquot;. Though Schlechte r's circumscription of the genera
in the tribe of Thismieae to me also seems to be very artificial and
his genera are often based on incorrect and insufficient features,
the splitting off of the genus Afrothismia is quite correct. For both
known Afrothismia species have their stamens inserted in the
basal part of the perianth-tube, while the connective is connected
with the margin of the stigma by a thick appendage at the apex.
The stamens of Thismia however are hanging at the annulus in
the mouth of the perianth-tube. In the cavity of the Thismia-tuhe
they are more or less stuck together to a cylindrical ring. Another
very important difference between the two genera is shown in the
ovary. The 3 placentas of the Thismieae are inserted here on the
bottom of the ovary and are only fertile in the upper part, just as
in Thismia and Scaphiophora. The 3 sterile stalks however are
grown together here into a thick central column, in the upper
fertile part they are free. The fruit at least is quite different from
that of Thismia. While Thismia and Scaphiophora possess thick,
fleshy fruits, produced by the ovary and the basal ring of the
perianth-tube, here the whole perianth and even the wall of the

ovary deadous. The naked placentas are persistent and are like
a globule, bearmg the seeds in the upper part. These three pomts
of difference quite justify the keeping up of the genus AfroZsmia.

These two genera in comparison with most of the genera of the
Thismieae have no stalked placentas but three parietal placenfa

too IS the low insertion of the outer perianth-lobes of Glalch^Ts
mitre. Therefore he construction of the perianth is like that of

The limits of this rather large genus are drawn by S c h 1 e c h-
t e r quite otherwise than by me The old .vo.U •nbsp;,

S c hie c h t e r over two genera: Thismia Griff, and Sarcosiphon
El The American species, except T. americana, then belono to
ether genera Myostoma Miers, Triuricodon Schltr. and Zl o
mens Miers. As for the old world species the genus
Schltr. would be characterized by free perianth-lobes, while quot;
Sarcosiphon Bl. the inner perianth-lobes would be connat. f
mitre. In the genus 5arcosip/io„ however a section is H . u'
S c h 1 e c h t e r, called by himnbsp;JhlTno; 'rsl c^

near Chicago, thus outside the tropics. In these 3 srectT t
lobes are not connate to a mitre, fn T. a.^^LTn ^ e'j ITnd
towards each other at the apex, the 3 tops touching in T rL
i.nclB.gnisia miii) the tops of the inn^er lobes Ll J^t^Z
or perhaps slightly connate. In the true 5arco.p/.on-spedenhey

are connate in the upper part to a mitre with 3 holes. The section
Rodwaya thus unites Thismia and Sarcosiphon (with Bagnisia)
for the 2 species of this section show only a beginning of connate
inner lobes. Furthermore Thismia and Sarcosiphon with regard to
fruit, placentas, style, stigmas and stamens completely agree.
Therefore I again unite these two genera in agreement with F e r d.
V. Mueller and J. J. S m i t h, notwithstanding Schlechter
who argues: quot;Es ist der systematischen Botanik damit ganz und
gar nicht gedient, wenn wir alle diese, durch merkwürdige Blüten-
formen gut charakterisierten Typen zu einer groszen Gattung
Thismia vereinigenquot;. The old world species with T. americana
are to be put into three sections:

1.nbsp;Euthismia Schltr. emend. Jonk.: inner perianth-lobes free, outer
ones of equal length and size or smaller. Root-system vermi-
form.

2.nbsp;Rodwaya Schltr.: inner perianth-lobes bent inwards so that the
tops are touching, tops of inner lobes sometimes slightly connate.
Outer lobes free, as large as the inner ones. Root-system vermi-
form.

3.nbsp;Sarcosiphon (Bl.) Jonk.: Outer perianth-lobes suppressed, inner
ones connate to an erect mitre with 3 holes. Root-system coral-
line.

The present author divides the section Euthismia due to the
perianth-lobes into two subsections: Odoardoa Schltr. and Bru-
nonithismia Jonk.

The subsection Odoardoa is characterized by the possession of
6 equal perianth-lobes, the species occur only on the Malay
Peninsula.

The subsection Brunonithismia, with unequal perianth-lobes,
in the first place holds 3 closely connected species: T. Brunonis.
T. javanica and T. arachnites. I have not been able to examine
material of T. Brunonis and T. arachnites, it is possible that they
are identical or that one of them is identical with T. javanica.

T. Gardneriana is endemic in Ceylon. For T. Neptunis
Schlechter established a separate section: Sarawakia. In my
opinion the somewhat deviating shape of the inner lobes is not

sufficient to base a section on it. On the peculiar T. labiata has
been based the new section Labiothismia by J. J. S m i t h. As zygo-
morphy is apparently not of primary importance in this genus,
and the species agrees with the subsection Brunonithismia except
in its being bilabiate, I have also put it in this section.

In the section Sarcosiphon it is very probable that T. Versteegii
J.J.S. is identical with T. crocea. Though the type-material of
T. crocea cannot be found, I feel in a position to consider the two
species as identical on account of the good drawings of B e c c a r i.
J.J.Smith states that his T. Versteegii is closely related with
Beccari's T. crocea from Borneo, but here he committed an
error for B e c c a r is type material is from New Guinea just as
the type material of S m i t h's T. Versteegii.

In the section Rodwaya T. Rodwayi from Tasmania and Bag^
nisia Hillii from New Zealand seem to be identical. See for this
section also the General Part, Geographical Distribution p 12

Schlechter put the Thismias of the new world into the
generaMyosioma, Triuricodon and Ophiomeris.The genusOphio
meris should be characterized by its zygomorphic flowers, of thi.
genus he knew 2 species: O. macahensis Miers and O. iguassensis
Miers. both from Brazil. Later Standley described a third
species O. panamensis from Panama. O. iguasserisis has been
described by M i e r s from a fruiting specimen, completely iden-
tical with fruiting specimens of O. macahensis. Presumably this
species IS thus identical to O. macahensis or another Brazilian
Thismiae. Schlechter considered Thismia Lnetzelbnrgii
described by G o e b e 1 and S u e s s e n g u t h as being identiLl

with O. macahensis, without however having seen any material
To the genusnbsp;Schlechter computed 2 species;

M. hyahnum Miers and M. janeirense (Warm.) Schltr. both with
actinomorphic flowers. With this classification I do not agree
Schlechter's species of Ophiomeris and S t a n d 1 e ys
O. panamensis, all zygomorphic, agree completely in their charac
teristic flower-construction with the actinomorphic Thismia
janeirensis Warm. ( = Myostoma janeirense (Warm ) Schltr )
and Thismia Lnetzelbnrgii Goeb. et Suessg. The last species is by

no means identical with Ophiomeris macahensis as presumed by
Schlechter. All these species in my opinion should be united in
the section Ophiomeris of the genus Thismia, characterized by the
outstanding stamens (anthers bifid at the base and the top), the
connate thecae and the hanging, triangular lobes between the
stamens. The zygomorphy of T. macahensis and T. panamensis
Is then of no importance; except the zygomorphy, no difference in
flower-construction exists between the zygomorphic T. pana-
mensis and the actinomorphic T. janeirensis, considered by
Schlechter as belonging to different genera.

In the section Ophiomeris also can be classified T. Glaziovii
Pouls., classified by S c h 1 e c h t e r in his new genus Triuricodon,
based on the broad-campanulate perianth, however in my opinion
the deviations are not sufficient to base a new genus on them.
Though the triangular hanging lobes between the stamens are
lacking in this species, the stamens generally correspond with
those of the section Ophiomeris, so T. Glaziovii also can be clas-
sified in this section.

Of the American species is left then Myostoma hyalinum
Miers = Thismia hyalina (Miers) Benth., showing quite a dif-
ferent flower-construction. In contradistinction to the section
Ophiomeris the stamens are quite free here, the filaments are
filiform, not ribbon-shaped, and the anthers sagittate. The trian-
gular, small, hanging lobes are lacking, the outer perianth-lobes
are erect and the flowers are actinomorphic. The stamens in no
other Thismia occur in this way, this quite justifies the existence
of a separate section Myostoma, of which T. hyalina is the only
species. T. janeirense, classified by Schlechter with T. hyalina
in the genus Myostoma Miers, thus does not belong to this section,
this species possesses all characteristics of the section Ophiomeris,
with the section Myostoma it has only the actinomorphic flowers
in common.

With the 3 Asiatic sections of the genus Thismia these two
American ones can be joined, viz.:

Ophiomeris (Miers) Jonk.: anthers bifid at the apex and mostly
also at the base. Filaments ribbon-shaped. Thecae connate.

Outer perianth lobes ovate, patent or reflexed, inner ones fili-
form. Underground part tuberous.
5. Myostoma (Miers) Jonk.: anthers sagittate. Filaments filiform
Outer perianth-lobes erect. Inner ones filiform. Underground
part tuberous.

Beccari described this genus in 1877 with 2 species: G. epts-
copahs Becc. and G. davigera Becc. G. episcopalis is a real This-
mra-species of which the inner perianth-lobes are connate to a
mitre, and thus belonging to the section Sarcosiphon In G davi-
gera the inner lobes are also connate to a mitre but on the top of
this mitre are inserted 3 th.ck, filiform, erect appendages, clavately
swollen at their tops. By this feature a striking resemblance to the
Braz. lan Glaztocharis macahensis exists, showing the same pecu-
liar flower-construction. The species also is connected with the
genus Scaphiophera, here is inserted on the top of the mitre a
column, bearing 3 free lobes at its top. Geomitra davigera differs
however from Glaziocharis by the length of the filiform appenda-
ges. the shape of the outer perianth-lobes and especially the con-
struction of style and stigmas.

As I consider Glaziocharis and Scaphiophora as separate genera
on account of their appendages of the mitre, also Geomitra clavi
gera is not to be considered as forming a section of the genus
Thismia but as belonging to a separate genus. For this genus I
use B e c c a r i's name Geomitra although he described Geomitra
episcopahs as the first species of this genus and this species I
consider as a real Thismia.

Beccari- original description of the genus Geomitra however
says: Perigonium campanulatum, apice 3-appendiculatum
having thus reference only to his G. davigera and not toquot; his
G. episcopalis. Consequently I feel entitled to use for this qenus
B e c c a r i s old name Geomitra.

In construction of the perianth, stamen-tube, style, stigmas fruit
and roots this genus is closely related to Thismia-Sarcosiphon.

Also because L o h r e r collected a second, much larger-flowered
species (S. gigantea Jonk.) I still uphold the genus. The new
species shows the same peculiar column on the top of the perianth-
mitre. This column bears 3 small cups at the apex in 5. appendicu-
lata, in S. gigantea it bears 3 connate fleshy lobes. Further the
genus is characterized by the placentas. The placenta-stalks are
free, the placentas however are connate at the apex in opposition
to Afrothismia. This feature quite justifies the maintenance of the
genus, which however is closely related to Thismia. The cup-
shaped glands on the perianth-lobes recall those of Triscyphus,
they are described by S c h 1 e c h t e r for 5. appendiculata and
are reduced in 5. gigantea to indistinct but somewhat hollow
glands, just like the cups at the top of the column on the perianth.

This important genus, of which unfortunately only one species
and one specimen is collected by Schlechter in the Came-
roons, has been described several times by Schlechter and
E n g 1 e r. The species, O. triandra Schltr. shows the normal
flower-construction of the Thismieae: perianth urceolate to cam-
panulate, style short and thick with 3 stigmas, ovary with 3 free,
stalked placentas (as in Thismia), but only has 3 stamens, while
all other genera of Thismieae possess six. A one-celled ovary and
3 stamens are the characters of the tribe of Apterieae, but that
tribe always shows quite another construction of the flower. The
genus Oxygyne is therefore a link between the somewhat isolated
Thismieae and the other tribes of Burmanniaceae. For this reason
1 do not agree with H u t c h i n s o n's view to class the Thismieae
as a separate family besides Burmanniaceae and Corsiaceae. By
the discovery of the genus Oxygyne, the limits between Apterieae
and Thismieae have grown much less sharp. The Thismieae are
characterized now by introrse anthers and the shape of perianth
and style. These features are in my opinion not sufficient to base
a family on them.

Annual or perennial, saprophytic, semi-saprophytic? or
autotrophic herbs, the autotrophic species green, the saprophy-
tic ones often colourless. Leaves alternate, entire, simple, with-
out stipules, mostly reduced to small scales, the non-saprophy-
tic species with a basal, radical rosette of linear leaves, some-
times the basal part of stem beset with many decurrent, grassli-
ke, green leaves. Flowers hermaphrodite, sometimes zygomor-
phic, usually actinomorphic, rarely bilabiate. Stem bearing at
its top 1 flower or a usually monochasial, sometimes dichasial or
capitate inflorescence, inflorescence mostly a simple or bifid
cincinnus. Perianth corolline. Limb consisting of 2 whorls of 3
lobes. In the tribe of Burmannieae inner lobes usually smaller
than the outer ones, often minute, rarely lacking. In the tribe
of Thismieae outer lobes often smaller than the inner ones, often
almost lacking. Perianth-tube cylindrical or trigonous, often 3-
winged or 3- or 6-costate. Anthers usually 3, in Thismieae'
Euthismieae 6, (sub)sessile in the perianth-throat or hanging
down in the perianth with short filaments, dehiscing laterally
with horizontal splits or at the inner side with longitudinal
splits. Connective broad, various, often appendiculate at the
base or the top, sometimes forked. Style filiform in Burman-
nieae. shortly cylindrical or conical in Thismieae, branching at
its apex into 3 short branches, each bearing a stigma or bearing
at its apex 3 sessile stigmas or 1 stigma, consisting of 3 con-
nate ones. Stigmas sometimes appendiculate. Ovary inferior,
1-celled, with axile placentation, sometimes with rather large
glands at the top. In some genera inside the ovary at both sides
of the top of each placenta a rather large, globose gland. Ovules
numerous, anatropous with 2 integuments, funicle often long.
In some genera of Burmannieae perianth-limb with anthers and
stigmas deciduous, lower part of perianth always persistent,
in other genera of this tribe whole perianth persistent on the

fruit. In Thismieae perianth circumcissile. only the basal thick-
ened perianth ring persistent. Fruit usually capsular ' some-
times fleshy in Thismieae, dehiscing irregularly or with trans-
verse splits or at the top, seldom with valves. Seeds numerous
small with endosperm, subglobose, linear or ellipsoid, often
shgthly curved, sometimes with loose, reticulate testa.

Distribution: About 125 species, widely distributed in
the tropics of both hemispheres, also in the Southern United
States, Chicago area. Southern Brazil and Bolivia. Mozambique
Southern China, Japan. Southern Australia. New Zealand and
Tasimania (fig. 1, pag. 11).

1. a. Perianth persistent or for the greater part persistent
on the capsule. Style of equal length as the perianth-
tube. Anthers 3. (sub)sessile in the perianth-throat,
thecae dehiscing with transverse splits

Perianth circumcissile, only a small basal ring some-
times persistent on the fruit. Style very short, cylin-
drical or conical. Stamens usually 6. rarely 3. hanging
down m the perianth-tube. Thecae dehiscing longi-
.................. Tribus II. Thismieae, p. 221

Saprophytic or green herbs, annual or perennial. Flowers
actinomorphous. Perianth-lobes 3 or 6, stamens 3. Thecae dT
hiscing transversally. Style filiform, as lonq as the T T

Capsule 3-celled with axile placentation. Ovary also usually
3-celled, sometimes the young ovary 1-celled with 3 prominent
parietal placentas.

h. Inner perianth-lobes much shorter than the outer
ones. Ovary always 3-celled............................... 2

sterile stalks. Fertile part free. Stamens with thick,
rather long filaments, hammer-shaped. Ovary and
basal part of the perianth-tube narrowly 6-winged,

b. Placentas axile, without broadened fertile part and
sterile stalks. Stamens (sub)sessile in the perianth-
throat. Ovary and perianth often prominently 3-win-
ged, sometimes 3- or 6-costate or wingless. Perianth

Erect, saprophytic herbs, succulent. Stem usually simple,
sometimes forked at the base into two branches, glabrous. Lea-
ves scalelike, stem without basal rosulate leaves. Inflorescen-
ces simple or bifid cymes, many-flowered. Flowers rather large,
perianth-tube of the older flowers curved. Perianth-lobes 6,
erect, inner lobes of equal length as the outer ones, slightly nar-
rower. Stamens 3, inserted in the upper part of the tube below
the inner perianth-lobes. Connective broad with short apical ap-
pendages, tapering towards the base into a very short, broad

filament. Style thick-filiform, branching at the apex into 3 short
branches, each bearing a stigma. Ovary l-celled with 3 parietal
prominent placentas, placentas later on growing together in the
centre of the ovary. Fruit 3-celled with axile placentation of
the seeds. Seeds numerous, testa appressed.

Distribution: 1 species, collected in Venezuela, nor-
hern Brazil and British Guiana.

1. Campylosiphon purpurascens Benth. in Hook., Ic. PI. LXV
{1882) pi. 1384; Sandwith in Kew Bull. (1931) p. 60; -1 Dip-
terosiphon spelacicola Huber in Bol. Mus. Para. II (1898) p. 502

Plants 10—30 cm high. Stem usually simple, succulent, dirty
white or purplish, terete, shghtly sulcate, bearing at the' top a
simple or bifid cymous inflorescence. Inflorescence to 7,5 cm
long, to 15-flowered, stem rarely 1-flowered. Leaves 1-16
mm long, up to 4 mm broad, ovate to lanceolate, acuminata,
brownish with a dark midnerve, rather small in the lower part
of stem, growing larger towards the top, imbricate in the up-
per part. Flowers subsessile, 20-22 mm long, white or some-
times purplish, occasionally perianth-limb pale-blue, tube vio-
let, or inner perianth-lobes mauve and rest of the flower white.
Perianth-lobes usually 5—6 mm long, lanceolate, acute or acu-
minate. inner lobes of equal length as the outer ones but slight-
ly narrower, base of the outer lobes much broader than that
of the inner ones. Perianth-tube 8-9 mm long, cylindrical with
2 very narrow wings, in older flowers often curved. Connective
with two apical, lateral crests and one apical, median, acute
point, directed inwards or downwards in bud. Filament broad
very short. Stigmas 3, at the top of short style-branches dish-
to funnel-shaped, hollow, with two small horns and without fili-
form appendages. Ovary 8-10 mm long, ellipsoid slightly
6-costate with 2 very narrow wings, l-celled when young later

on 3-celled, without glands. Fruit ellipsoid, often curved, crow-
ned by the dried perianth, perianth-limb not deciduous. Seeds
rounded.

Type: Spruce 2492 from Amazonas in herb. K, duplicates
in herb. BM; BR; P-DR and W.

Distribution: Venezuela (Rio Negro); Brazil (Amazo-
nas, Maranhao); British and French Guiana.

Amazonas, Uaupes Riv. near Panure (Spruce 2492, fl. Oct. [BM; BR;
K; P-DR; W]); Maraca Riv., Serro do Laranjal, Buracao (Guedes 604 [Mus.
Para; G-BOIS], type of Dipterosiphon spelacicola Hub.); Serra do Paragu-
aro (Ducke 111539, fl. Oct. [R; U]); near Manaos (Traill 1130, fl. Aug. [K]).

Essequibo Riv., Moraballi Creek, near Bartica (Sandwith 383, coll. Da-
vis, fl. Oct. [K]; Sandwith 553, fl. Nov. [K; NY]); Potaro Riv., Amutis
(Im Thurn s.n., fl. Nov. [K]); Aruka Riv., Edu swamp (Im Thurn 226, fl.
Sept. [K]); Mazaruni Station (Sandwith 1064, fl. Aug. and Sept. [K]).

Small, saprophytic, erect herbs. Stem simple, bearing at the
top one to three flowers. Rhizome beset with imbricate scales.
Leaves small, sessile, scalelike. Flowers erect. Outer perianth-
lobes 3-lobate, inner ones smaller and narrower, perianth-tube
as long as the outer lobes. Stamens inserted at the base of the
inner lobes, formed like hammers; filaments thick, bearing at
the top the two thecae. Connective not broadened. Lower part
of the perianth-tube and the obovoid ovary winged by 6 narrow
wings. Ovary without glands, 3-celled, with very thin membra-
nous septa. Placentas 3, axillar, only fertile in the middle, the
fertile placenta-part broad, at both ends suddenly narrowed
into the filliform sterile parts, attached to the ovary-wall by

the ends of the sterile parts. Perianth-limb just above the inser-
tion of the stamens deciduous, but the ripe capsule crowned
only by the 6 wings of the perianth-tube. Capsule obovoid or
ovoid, seeds ovoid to nearly globose.

1. Hexapterella gentianoides Urb. in Symb. Antill. Ill
(1903) p. 451 — Gymnosiphon Altsoni Gleas. in Bull. Torr. Bot.
CI. LVI (1929) p. 23; Sandwith in Kew Bull. (1931) p. 60.

Plants 6,5'—14 cm high. Stem mauve or violet, erect. Scales
ovate, acuminate, in the lower part appressed against the stem,

1—3 mm long, the upper
stem-part spaced with ra-
ther long intervals, in the
lower part the intervals
much shorter. Radical, ro-
sulate leaves absent. Scales
of the rhizome inbricate.
Flowers 10—15 mm long,
flowerbuds brown lilac (ac-
cording to Alt son), flo-
wers white, tinged with
mauve at the tip. Outer
perianth-lobes with a cen-
tral ridge of creamy bis-
cuit-colour (Sandwith),
three-lobed, acute, up to 5
mm long, midlobe ovate,
lateral lobes lanceolate,
margin creriulate. Inner lo-
bes lanceolate, acuminate, reaching to about half the length of

the outer lobes. Filaments about half as long as the inner lobes.
Tube of the perianth about 5 mm long, constricted. Style thick-
filiform, branched at the apex into three short branches, each
bearing a flattened stigma. Ovary up to 4 mm long, lower part
of the perianth-tube and ovary winged by 6 linear-lanceolate,
persistent wings. Capsule about 3,5 mm long, crowned bij the 6
wings, wings appearing like a calyx. Seeds ovoid to nearly glo-
bose, reticulate, funicle short.

Type: Poeppig 3005, from Brazil, Amazonas in herb. B,
duplicates in herb. G-BOIS and W. '

Amazonas, Amazonas Riv., Isle of Colares (Poeppig 3005, fl. May
IB; G-BOIS; WJ).

Kurupung Riv., Macreba falls (Altson 364, fl. Aug. [K], type of Gym-
nosiphon Alisoni Gleas.); Essequibo Riv., Moraballi Creek, near Bartica
(Sandwith 130, fl. Aug. [K]; Martyn 222, fl. Aug. [K]); Mazaruni Riv., near
Kabawain fall (Altson 305, fl. Aug. [K]); Bartica-Potaro road, near Bara-
bara Creek (Sandwith 1097, fl. Aug. [K]).

Annual or perennial, saprophytic and colourless or green
herbs. Stems simple or branched. In the saprophytical species
leaves reduced to small, usually lanceolate scales, in the non-
saprophytical species sometimes the lower part of the stem
beset with many, rather large, grasshke, linear, imbricate,
decurrent leaves or stem beset with few, small, scalelike leaves,
at the base with a rosette of linear leaves. Basal rosette some-
times reduced to 2 or 3 leaves. Flowers solitary or in groups at
the top of the stem or in dense terminal cymose or headlike
inflorescences. Perianth-limb usually consisting of 6 lobes, the
3 outer being much larger, inner ones often minute, sometimes
lacking. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous. Anthers 3, (sub)

sessile in the perianth-throat below the inner perianth-lobes.
Style filiform, branching at the top into 3 short branches, each
bearing a stigma or 3 sessile stigmas at the top of the style.
Ovary trigonous, 3-celled, placentas axillar. Capsule crowned
by the persistent, dried perianth, dehiscing irregularly. Seeds
many, oblong or ellipsoid.

D i s t r i b u t i o n: Tropics of both hemispheres, also in the
Southern United States, Southern Brazil, Bolivia, Mozambique,
Southern China, Japan and Southern Austraha.

1. a. Perennial, leafy green herbs, greater (lower) part
of the stem beset with rather long, grass-like, linear
or ensiform, decurrent, imbricate leaves. Flowers
wingless or narrowly 3-winged. Inflorescence usual-
ly many-flowered ............... Sect. I. Foliosa Jonk.

b. Annual or perennial, saprophytical or green herbs.
Stem-leaves reduced to few small scales, the non-
saprophytical species also with a radical rosette of
linear leaves. Flowers wingless or 3-winged. Stem

Perennial non-saprophytic herbs. Whole stem or only the
lower part beset with a large number of long, linear or ensiform,
parallel-veined, grasslike, often imbricate and decurrent leaves!
Flowers in many-flowered inflorescences, wingless or narrowlv
3-winged.

1) Foliosa Jonk., nov. sect, e genere Burmannia. Herbae perennes non-
saprophyticae. Caulis erectis, robustis, parte inferiore bene foliosis foiiis
erectis vel erecto-patentibus, longis, linearibus, saepe imbricatis, decurrenti-
bus. Inflorescentia dichotoma vel contracta, pluriflora. Alae perianthii an-
gustissimae vel nullae.

broad filaments. Malay Peninsula and Malay Archi-
pelago .............................. 1. B. longifolia Becc.

ted on the basal part of the outer perianth-lobes 2
triangular sacks, outer lobes with broad involute,
lateral lobes. Connective with two small crests at the

b. Inflorescence much-branched, more or less umbelli-
form. Outer perianth-lobes without sacks and broad
lateral lobes, margin involute. Connective without
crests. Colombia .................. 3. B. Kalbreyeri Oliv.

branches 8—15 cm long. Bracts broad, ovate, im-
bricate. Costa Rica ............ 4. B. Wercklei Schltr.

I. Burmannia longifolia Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 244 and
tav. XIII; Hooker, Fl. Br. Ind. V (1888) p. 664; Ridley in
Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 22 (1890) p. 332; Rendle in Journ.
Bot. 34 (1896) p. 355; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mai. Penins. II (1907)
p. 70; J. J. Smith in Nov. Guin. VIII (1907) p. 195; Ridley, Fl.
Mal. Penins. IV (1924) p. 304; Bartlett in Pap. Mich. Ac. Sc.
Arts Lett. VI (1927) p. 47; — Burmannia leucantha Schltr. in
Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XLIX (1913) p. 107.

Perennial herbs, 12—50 cm high. Stem usually simple, some-
times branched, forked at the top into the bifid inflorescence or

bearing a simple cincinnus at the top. Leaves many, long,
linear, sometimes keeled, 4—20 cm long and 2—9 mm broad,
decurrent, stem-clasping, growing smaller towards the apex.
Leaves acute, sometimes subulate, parallel-nerved but mid-
nerve more prominent. Upper part of the stem beset with
few, appressed, scattered, lanceolate, acute, scale-like leaves,
5—33 mm long. Basal part of the stem beset with brownish,
dried, frayed leaves and leaf-sheaths. Inflorescence 3—21-flo-
wered, sometimes 2—4 flowers at the top of the stem, mostly
a simple or bifid cincinnus, bearing hanging flowers; inflores-
cence-branches up to 4 cm long. Bracts scalelike, linear-lance-
olate, acute, 5—10 mm long. Flowers 8—16 mm long, white
with pale-violet perianth-limb, subsessile. Outer perianth-lobes
deltoid, acute, with a thick, somewhat fleshy margin in the
basal part, 2—4,5 mm long. Inner perianth-lobes 1,5—2 mm
long, broad-obovate to orbiculate. sometimes entire and rounded
at the apex, sometimes bilobate at the apex or only more
or less retuse. In the same flower the inner perianth-lobes so-
metimes partly entire or partly 2-lobed at the apex. Perianth-
tube cylindrical, sometimes swollen in the upper part, 3—5 mm
long, lower tube-part and ovary very narrowly 3-winged. Sta-
mens inserted just below the inner perianth-lobes. Connective
broad, oblong, fleshy with two. rather broad crests at the top
and a short broad filament at the base. Style thick, branching
at the apex into 3 very short branches, each bearing a curved,
funnel-shaped stigma. Style with stigmas 3.5—4 mm long'
Ovary obovoid. 4-7 mm long, narrowly 3-winged. Capsule
obovoid. dehiscing transversally, irregularly. Seeds small
oblong to scobiform, appendaged at both sides, with loose, re^
ticulate testa.

Type: Beccari 1687. from Borneo. Sarawak. Mt. Mattanq
in herb. FI. duplicate in herb. K.

Pahang, Rhododendron's hill (Henderson 11060, fl. Jun. [BZ]); Eraser
Hill, upon the Selangor border (Burkill and Holttum 8510, fl. Sept. [BM;
BZ]); Mt. Benom (Henderson s.n., fl. Aug. (BZ; K]; Henderson s.n., fl.
Jul. [K]); Mt. Tahan (Haniff and Nur 7873, fl. Jun. [BZ]; Wray and
Robinson 5230, fl. May [BM; CA]); Mt. Berunlur (Ridley 13800, fl. Nov.
[BM]); Kluang Terbang (Barnes s.n., ex Ridley 1924).

Selangor, Mt. Semangok (Curtis 3731, fl. May [K]); Bukit Hilai (un-
known collector 7653, fl. May [BM]); Bukit Hitam (Ridley s.n., ex Ridley
1924); without locality (unknown collector 12028, fl. Aug. [CA]).

Perak, Mt. Inasi (Yapp 423 [CA; K]); Mt. Batu (Wray 213 [CA; K];
Kunstler (King's collector) 8040, fl. Aug. [BM; BZ; CA; G-BOIS; K;
L]) ; lopof, Mt. Hyon (King's collector 5039. fl. Oct. [CA]); Mt. Kerbau
(Robinson s.n., fl. March [K]; Ridley s.n., fl. Aug. [K]); Thaiping Hills
(Ridley s.n., ex Ridley 1924).

Kedah, Mt. Bintang (unknown collector s.n., fl. Jun. [K]; Kloss s.n.,
ex Ridley 1924).

Locality unknown, Mt. Bubu (Wray 3888, fl. March [CA; G-
DEL]; Scortechini 768, fl. May [CA; K]).

Atjeh, Gajo en Alaslanden (v. Daalen 171, fl. March [BZ]); Gajolan-
den, Lau Alas. Bivak 8 (v. Steenis 8728, fl. Feb. [BZ]); id.. Mt. Kemiri (v.
Steenis 9546, fl. March [BZ]); id., Mt. Goh Leraboek (v. Steenis 8944, fl.
Feb. [BZ]).

East coast. Penghoeloe Bao (Frey Wyssling 39(2), fl. Apr. [BZ]);
Asahan (Bartlett and La Rue 304, fl. Jul. [GH;, L; US]); near Bandarbaroe
(Lörzing 7261, fl. March [BZ; L]); Mt. Sinaboeng (Lörzing 8191, fl. Jan.
[BZ]); without precise locality (Forbes 2000 [CA]).

Westcoast, Mt. Sago (Bünnemeyer 3981, fl. Jul. [BZ]; Bünnemeyer
4353, fl. Aug. [BZ]; Bünnemeyer 4365a [BZ]; Mt. Malintang (Bünnemeyer
3916, fl. Jul. [BZ]; Bünnemeyer 4058, fl. Jul. [BZ]; Bünnemeyer 4183, fl.
Aug. [BZ]); Padangse Bovenlanden, Bt. Gombah, Laras Talang (Bünne-
meyer 5463, fl. Nov. [BZ; L]; Bünnemeyer 5728, fl. Nov. [BZ; L]); Agam,-
Brani (Bünnemeyer 3331, fl. Jun. [BZ]); Ophir distr., Tadamau (Bünnemeyer
278, fl. Dec. [BZ]); Bukit Batu Banting (Jacobson s.n., fl. Feb. [BM]); Loe-
boek Aloeng, watershed between Asan Poelau and the lake of Singkarak
(Ilt;atif 14, fl. Jul. [BZ,/.
Riouw Arch., Lingga, P. Singkep (Bünnemeyer 39663b BZ]).
Palembang, South Semendo (de Voogd 1500, fl. Sept. [BZ]); Mt.
Pesagi, SSE of Ranau Lake (v. Steenis 3681, fl. Nov. [BZ; L; U]); Summit
of Mt. Raja, ENE of Ranau Lake (v. Steenis 3512, fl. Nov. [BZ]).

Benkoelen, Liwa (de Voogd 130, fl. Feb. [BZ]); Mt. Semendeng (de
Voogd 1465, fl. Jul. [BZ]).

British N. Borneo, Penibukan (Clemens s.n., fl. Jan. [BZ]); Serapi
(Haviland 456 [K]); Mt. Nunkok (Clemens 327522, fl. Apr. [G-DEL;
NY]); Mt. Kinabalu, Marai Parai (Clemens s.n., fl. March [BZ]; Clemens
32389, fl. March [L; NY]); id., Silau Basin (Clemens 29713, fl. May [BZ;
G-DEL]); id., Maraiparai spur (Gibbs 4033, fl. Feb. [BM; K]); id., Lumu
(Clemens s.n., fl. Jan. [BM]); without locality (Burbridge s.n. [K]).

Sarawak. Mt. Poi (Beccari 2427, fl. Aug. [FI]; Hewitt s.n. [BM- BZ-
K]; Clemens 20065 [B; BZ; MIS; NY]; Unknown collector s.n. [B])- Mt'
Mattang (Andersen 21 and 227, fl. Aug. [K]; Beccari 1687, fl. May [FI;
K]; unknown collector s.n.. fl. Jun. [B]); Without locality (Coll. india 1611
[NY; US]; coll. indig. 636 [B; NY; P]).

Nether 1. Borneo. Amai Ambit (Hallier 3396 [BZ; L]); Liang ga-
gan ( Hallier 2717 [BZ]).

Selewao, Preho (Kjellberg 2496, fl. Oct. [BZ]); Sibaronga Mts. (Sara-
sin 2140, fl. lul. [B]); Topapu Mts. (Sarasin II. 2099, fl. Sept. [B]); Mt.
Boeroe (Lanschot 577, fl. Aug. [L]); Masamba Limboeng (Steup 209 fl
Aug. [BZ]); without locality (Rachmat 597 [BZ]).

Mindoro, Mt. Holcon (Merrill 5741, fl. Nov. [B; NY; USll - Mt n„-
langan (Whitehead s.n. [BM]).nbsp;• J^ ^vit. uu

Mindanao, Todaya, distr. of Davao (Elmer 11843, fl. Sept. [B])- Cu-
badbaran, Mt. Urdanetz, prov. of Aguson (Elmer 13690, fl. lul IBM-' R7-

Ambon, Telaga Radja (Brooks 17781, fl. Oct. [BZ; L])- Mt Salahoe-
toe (Rant 652, fl. Nov. [BZ; GRO; L; U]; Teysmann tn.' [BZ]; ^ccari
s.n., ex Beccari I.e.); Mt. Toina (Teysmann s.n. [BZ]); Hila (Boerlaae
275, fl. lul. [BZ]); Without locality (Robinson 1849 [B; BM; BZ; CA; F;
GH; K; L; MiS; NY; P; US]).

Ceram, SW of Walokene (Rutten 2199, fl. May [BZ]); Way to Lau-
tabi (Kormassi (Exped. Rutten) 1243, fl. May [BZ; L; U]).

Boeroe, S of Muyes Waen, way to Leksoela (Toxopeus 123 fl Anr
[BZ; L]); Nol Besi (Toxopeus 208, fl. Jun. [L]).nbsp;^ •

British New Guinea, Kaiserin Augusta Riv., Hunstein Mts (Le-
dermann 11132e, fl. March [BJ; Ledermann 8404, fl. Aug. [B])- id Fels-
spitze (Ledermann 123776, fl. Aug. [B]; Ledermann 13115a, fl ' Auq [Bl'
Ledermann 12379, fl. Jul. [B]); id., Graslager (Ledermann 10920a fl' Feh
[B]); TorricelU Mts^ (Schlechter 20072, « Sept. [B]); near Dschischugari
(Schlechter 19602 fl. May [B; BR; K; P], type of B. leucantha Schltr.);
Mafulu (Brass 5353 [NY]); Sogen Region, S Cape (Forbes sn [BMl

Nether 1. New Guinea, Arfak Mts. (Gibbs 5657, fl Dec IBM-
K]; Gjellerup 1053, fl Apr. [BZ; L]; Beccari s.n,, ex B e c c a r i 1 c ) id '
Mt. Wondiwoi, Wanndammen (Mayr 348, fl. Jul. [BZ])- Cvcloon Mt^'
(Gjellerup 523, fl. Jun. [B; BZ; K; L; P; U]); Johannes KeytÄ
Coq d'Armandville 251 [BZ]); Lorentz Riv., Resi ridqe (Versteea fR-
BZ; CA; K; L; U]); id., Mt. Perameles, (Pulle 476, fl nU. (u1)® Mt Dro
medaris (Pulle 603, fl. Dec. [U]; Pulle 618, fl. Dec. [U]); Gander Mts
(Gjellerup 873, fl. Nov. [BZ; L]); Mt. Goliath (de Koä 24 1 M^^
[BZ;]); Mt. Carstenz (Boden Kloss s.n., fl. Feb. [BM; K]- id ' id fl T..
[BM; K]; id., id., fl. Dec. [BM; K]); Alkmaar, Hellwig Mts' (v ^mer
808, [BZ]; v. Römer 778 [BZ]); without locality (Mayr 471 [BZ])

Perennial, erect herbs, 15—35 cm high. Stem simple, bearing
at the top a headlike inflorescence. Leaves many, ensiform,
linear or linear-lance-
olate, 3—5,5 cm long,
4'—7 mm broad, de-
current and stem-
clasping at the base,
with peculiarly curled
tops. Leaves growing
smaller towards the
top, upper part of
stem (7—14 cm) be-
set with few, lanceo-
late, appressed, scale-
like leaves, 1—2 cm
long. Inflorescences
appearing as headhke
clusters, about 0,5 —
1,5 cm broad, consis-
ting of contracted cy-
mes of subsessile flo-
wers. Below the in-
florescence a lanceo-
late bract, 5—6 mm
long. Flowers nume-
rous, about 4,5 mm
long, apparently blue.
Outer perianth-lobes
about 1,5 mm long,
deltoid, at both sides
a right-angled deltoid
lateral lobe. Lateral
lobes folded inwards, about 0,5 mm long and 0,5 mm broad.

Just below the lateral lobes, inserted on the basal part of the
outer perianth-lobes two curious, small, triangular sacks. Inner
perianth-lobes quadrate-obovate to spathulate, truncate, about
1 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes, lateral lobes, sacks of the
outer perianth-lobes and inner perianth-lobes all with white,
thick margin. Perianth-tube cylindrical, short, about 1 mm long,
without wings. Anthers sessile in the mouth of the perianth-
tube. Connective quadrangular with two small, curved, apical
crests, no basal connective-appendage. Style thick, filiform,
bearing at its apex 3 subsessile, curved, fleshy stigmas; style
with stigmas about 1,5 mm long. Ovary obovoid to obconical,
wingless, about 2 mm long.

Amazonas, Mnt. Duida, Summit of Peak no. 7 (Tate 630 [NY]); id.,
Cafio Sapo (Tate 598 [NY]).

3. Burmannia Kalbreyeri Oliv. in Hook., Ic. Plant. XIII
(3rd. Series. Vol. Ill) (1881) p. 41, pl. 1357.

Perennial, erect herbs, about 25 cm high. Stem simple, at
the top branched into the inflorescence. Leaves many, about up
to 17 cm long and 4—7 mm broad, linear, grasshke, parallel-
veined, acute, imbricate, basal part decurrent. Base of the
stem beset with brownish leaf-sheaths. Leaves growing smaller
towards the top of the stem. Inflorescences much branched,
more or less umbelliform. Bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, 8—15 mm long. Flowers about 11 — 12 mm long,
violet, lobes white, pedicels up to 1 cm long. Outer perianth-
lobes about 3 mm long, deltoid, obtuse, with swollen margins.
Inner lobes about 1 mm long, linear to spathulate, rounded at

the apex. Perianth-tube about 2,5 mm long, not winged, cylin-
drical in the basal part, suddenly swollen at the top. Stamens
3, sessile in the swollen tube part. Connective broad, rhomboid,
with two small, basal, pointed appendages and without apical
appendages. Connective with two lateral arms, bearing the
thecae. Style thick-filiform, branching at the apex into 3 very
short style-branches, each bearing a trumpet-shaped stigma.
Style with stigmas about 3 mm long. Ovary deltoid, about 6
mm long, the 3 angles prominent and appearing like 3 wings
of the ovary. Seeds small, without appendages, oblong, fusi-
form or dumb-bell-shaped.

Type: Kalbreyer 1503, from Colombia, Antioquia, in herb.
K; duplicate in herb. B.

Perennial, erect herbs, to 30 cm high. Stem simple, at the top
forked into the inflorescence. Leaves many, 2 — 14 cm long and
about 0,5 cm broad, linear, grasslike, parallel-veined, acute or
acuminate, more or less stem-clasping at the base. Leaves grow-
ing smaller and broader towards the top, upper leaves ap-
pressed, lanceolate, acuminate. At the base of the stem brow-
nish, frayed leaves and leaf-sheaths. Inflorescences bifid, many-
flowered, branches 8—15 cm long. Bracts many, large,
distichous, imbricate, broad-ovate or deltoid, 1 — 1,5 cm long,
about 0,5 cm broad. Flowers erect, about 12 mm long, blue,
pedicels 0,5—1 cm long. Outer perianth-lobes deltoid, about
2 mm long, obtusiusculous, margins folded inwards. Inner lobes
fleshy, nearly I mm long, broad, spathulate. Perianth-tube
short, cylindrical, about 2 mm long. Ovary and tube narrowly

3-wmged, wings about 10 mm long, maximum breadth 1,5 mm.
Anthers sessile in the mouth of the tube, connective broad and
fleshy, truncate at the apex, acute at the base, with two lateral
arms, bearing the thecae. On the top of the connective two
small, curved, ear-shaped appendages. Style short, thick, bea-
ring 3 curved, subsessile, trumpet-shaped stigmas at the top.
Style with the stigmas about 3 mm long. Ovary elongate, about
6 mm long, narrowly 3-winged. Ovules oblong.

5. Burmannia polygaloides Schltr. in Verh. Bot Ver Bran-
denb. 47 (1905) p. 103.

Perennial, erect herbs, 8,5-15 cm high. Stem simple, bearing
at the top a headlike inflorescence. Leaves many, acute, ensi-
form, linear or linear-lanceolate, 10-30 mm long and 1-3 mm
broad, leaf-base stem-clasping. Leaves growing smaller to-
wards the top, upper part of the stem almost without leaves
Inflorescence consisting of contracted cymes, appearing like
head-hke clusters, with small, lanceolate bracts, 1 —2 mm broad
and up to 4 mm long. Pedicels very short or lacking. Flowers
about 5 mm long, yellowish-white. Outer perianth-lobes del-
toid, about 1,5 mm long, margins folded inwards. Inner lobes
small, about 0.5 mm long, linear, truncate. Perianth-tube cy-
lindrical about 1,5 mm long. Ovary and tube very narrowly
3-wmged. Wings about 4 mm long, 0,25 mm broad. Anthers
sessile, inserted just below the inner perianth-lobes Connec-
tive thick, fleshy, quadrangular, bearing two apical crests with-
out appendages at the base or lateral arms. Style thick-fili-
form, branching at the apex into 3 short branches, each bearing

3 oblong stigmas without appendages. Style with stigmas about
2.5 mm long. Ovary obovoid, narrowly 3-winged, about 2 mm
long. Ovules oblong.

Type: Ule 6121, from Brazil, Amazonas, in herb. B; dupli-
cates in herb. K and L.

Annual or perennial, saprophytic or green herbs. Stem
usually beset with few, small, scalelike, more or less appressed
leaves, in the non-saprophytical species often with a rosette
of linear leaves at the base. Flowers in mostly few-flowered
inflorescences or a single flower at the top of the stem, wing-
less or 3-winged.

b. Inflorescence bifid, contracted, sometimes reduced
to 1 or 2 flowers. Outer perianth-lobes spreading in
the older flowers, margin not folded inwards. Flo-
wers about 5—7,5 mm long, in var. grandiflora up
to 20 mm long ........................ 7. B. alba Mart.

b. Wings narrow, half-elliptical, about as broad as the
tube (broader in var. macroptera). Connective with

ly 1-flowered, slender. Inner perianth-lobes spathu-
late, fleshy ............... 14. B. tenera (Malme) Jonk.

10. a. Inner perianth-lobes rather broad, rounded. Connec-
tive rounded at the base, without hanging spur. Ro-
bust herbs with a large rosette at the base (Peru)

b. Inner perianth-lobes linear to lanceolate. Connective
with a hanging basal spur .............................. 11

11. a. Wings half-obovate to half-cuneate, continuing as
a crest on the back of the outer perianth-lobes.

6. Burmannia capitata (Walt.) Mart., Nov. Gen. et Spec.
Plant. 1 (1824) p. 12; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p.
LXXIV; Seubert in Mart., Flor. Bras. 111. 1 (1847) p. 56; Mal-
me in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. 22, Afd. Ill N. 8 (1896) p.
26; Johow in Pringsh., Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. XX (1889) p. 475,
Taf. 19, Fig. 2; Urban in Symb. Antill. Ill (1903) p. 450;
Chapman, Fl. S. Un. St. 3rd. Ed. (1897) p. 477; Pulle, Enum.
Sur. (1906) p. 114; Small, Man. S. E. Fl. (1933) p. 362; Be-
noist in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 69 (1922) p. 22; Malme in Ark. f.
Bot. 26A N. 9 (1934) p. 20; Standley in Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. XII, Publ. 350 (1936) p. 75; Jonker in Pulle, Fl. Surin.

I.nbsp;1 (1938) p. 178; — Anonymos capitatus Walt., Flor. Carol.
(1788) p. 69; — Vogelia capitata (Walt.) Gmel., Syst. Nat. II.
1 (1791) p. 107; — Tripterella capitata (Walt.) Michx., Flor.
Bor. Am. I (1809) p. 19; Schultes in Roem. et Schult., Mant.

Annual, erect herbs, 3-30 cm high. Stem usually simple,
rarely branched, bearing at the apex the capituliform inflores-
cence. At the base of the stem usually a few, linear or linear-
lanceolate, rosulate leaves, up to 4 mm long, subulate. Stem lea-
ves growing upwards smaller and more scalelike, superior lea-
ves appressed, about 2 mm long. Inflorescence consisting of a
contracted, 2—many-flowered, bifid cyme, appearing hke a
capitulum. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm long. Flo-
wers wingless, erect, subsessile, mostly white, yellowish or
pinkish; in a Trinidad specimen, collected by Broadway,

deep-blue; about 3,5 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes triangular
with involute margin, acute, about 0,5 mm long, erect. Inner
lobes linear or narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse, erect, not much
shorter than the outer ones. Tube trigonous, about 1,5 mm long.
Anthers sessile in the upper tube-part. Connective broadly tri-
angular, thick and fleshy, with short lateral arms, bearing the
thecae, and two obtuse, membranaceous crests at the upper sur-
face. Style thick-filiform, swollen at the base, branching at the
top into 3 branches,, each bearing a curved, funnel-shaped stig-
ma; simple style-part about 1 mm long. Ovary obovoid, about
1,5 mm long. Capsule obovoid, dehiscing in transverse direc-
tions; seeds small, ellipsoid to oblong, acuminate at one side,
brownish-yellow, about Vs mm long.

Distribution: Widely spread in America: West-Indian
Islands; North-, Central- and South-America from North Caro-
lina, to Paraguay.

North Caroline (Curtiss 1847 [MIS]; Curtiss 1848 [MIS]; Curtiss
s.n [G-BOIS; GH; K; MIS; NY]).nbsp;^ '

South Caroline, Beaufort District, Bluffton (Mellichamp s.n [US])-
Co. Aiken, Graniteville (Eggert s.n., fl. Aug. [MIS; GH]); near Columbia
(Donnell Smith s.n. [US]); near Wilmington (Canby s.n., fl Oct (F- MT«;-
NY]; Canby 7922, fl. Oct. [BM]; WiUiamson s.n. [LY]). '

Caroline, without locality (Elliot s.n. [G-DEL]; Michaux s.n Her-
bier de Jussieu 3271 A [P]; Herbier de Jussieu 3271 C [P]; Michaux
s.n [G-DEL]).

Georgia, near Tifton (Harper 669, fl. Sept. [MIS; NY; USl- withnnt
locality (Coaley s.n. [GH];, Gray s.n. [W]).nbsp;quot;

Oct. [F; G-BOIS; GH; K; NY; P; P-DR; US; W]; Britton sn fl Aua
[NY]; Keeler s.n. [NY]; Curtiss 4171, fl. Aug. [B; NY; US]- Curtiss 2753'
fl. Sept. [B; BM; F; G-BOIS; GH; K; M; MIS; NY; P- USl) near Fon
Myers (I. P. Standley 377, fl. Oct. [F; GH; MIS; NY- US]- P C Land-
ley 12839, fl. Feb. [US]; P. C. Standley 18902. fl. Dec. [USV Drummed
46 BM]); Lake Co.. Eustis (Nash 1081, fl. Jun. [B- CA- F G BOTS quot;
DEL; GH; MIS; NY; P; P-DR; US]); Walton Co , Argyie (Chapman s n'
fl. Aug. [B]); Brevard Co. (Fredholm 5696, fl. Jan. [GH]); Island NW of
Perrine (Small and Carter 2978, fh Ian. [NY]); near Lemon City (Britton
s.n., fl. March [NY]); Tampa (Garber s.n., fl. Sept. [F- GH- MIS- P-
US]); St. Augustina (Reynolds s.n. [F; MIS; NY; US]); Oranqe Co W
of Bithlo (Moldenke 206, fl. Dec. [MIS; NY; S]); Bay Co., Lymn Haven

(Billington s.n., fl. Oct. [US]); Jackson Co., Ocean Springs (Shikan 1346,
flJ Sept. [F; GH; MIS; NY; US]); Cypress (Degener 5150, fl. Aug. [NY]);
Apalachicola (Herb. Chapman 1697a, fl Sept. [NY]); without locality
(Chapman s.n., [B; BM;i G-DEL; K; MIS; NY; US; W]; Palmer 539 [F;
GH; MIS; NY]).

Alabama. Mobile (Mohr s.n., fl. Oct. [F; US]); Spring Hill (Bush 373,
fl. Aug. [MHS; NY; S; US]).

Louisiana, Covington (Arsène 12419, fl. Oct. [F; US]); without lo-
cality (Hale s.n. [G-BOIS; GH]; Gray s.n. [G-DEL]).

Mississippi, Biloxi (Tracy s.n., fl. March [MIS]; Tracy 6488, fl.
Oct. [BM; G-DEL; GH; LY; MIS; NY; US; W]; Tracy and Lloyd 326.
fl. Apr. [BM; G-DEL; LY; NY; Wj); Pass Christians (Langlois s.n., fl.
Jul. [F]).

Missouri, Harrison Co., Long Beach (Joor s.n., fl. Sept. [MIS]).
Texas, Houston Co. (Palmer 14396, fl. Sept. [MIS; US]).
Without locality (Michaux s.n. [P]).

All Pines (Schipp 634, fl. Aug.-Sept. [BM; F; G-DEL; GH; K; MIS;
NY; S]); Honey Camp (Lundell 628, fl. Oct. [F; MIS]); Manatee Lagoon
(Peck 151, fl. Sept. [GH; NY]).

Cockle, Aguadulce (Pittier 4945, fl. Dec. [US]).
Panama, Nuevo San Francisco (Standley 30774, fl. Jan. [US]); near
Las Sabanas (Standley 40767, fl. Nov. [US]); near Riv. Azote Caballo
(Dodge, Steyermark and Allen 16856, fl. Dec. [MIS; U]).

S t a Clara, distr. of Cienfuegos, Cieneguity (Combs 688, fl. Sept. [B;
F- GH- MIS- NY; P-DR]); Savannah W of Mouacas (Léon and Caranas
5812, fl. Dec. [NY]).

Isle of Pines, San Francisco (Ekman 11931. fl. Oct. [B; S]; Vi-
vyagua (Britton, Britton and Wilson 15012, fl. Feb. [F; GH; NY; US]).

Oriente, Serra de Nipe (Ekman II. 6663, fl. Dec. [B; S]; Ekman III.
2650, fl. Aug. [B; S]); Savannah San Filipe, near Bio (Ekman III. 2396,
fl. Aug. [S]).

Pinar del Rio, Vicinity of Pinar del Rio (Britton ,Britton and Gager
7236, fl. Sept. [B; F; NY; US]; id. 7051, fl. Sept. [NY]); Laguna Santa
Maria (Britton, Britton and Gager 7162, fl. Sept. NY]); Ekman 17233, fl.
Aug. [S]); near Herradura (Baker 2137, fl. Sept. [B]; Shafer 11709, fl. Jan-
[NY]); Laguna Sante Barbara (Ekman 11477, fl. Jun. [B; S]); Laguna Los
Indios (Shafer 10799, fl. Dec. [B; NY]); near Guane (Shafer 10496, fl.
Nov. [NY]); San Julian, S of Guane( Léon and Roce 7056, fl. Dec. [NY]);
between Laguna Jovero and Laguna del Bufea (Shafer 10994, fl. Dec.
[NY])

Locality unknown (Wright 3281 [B; BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH;
GOTT; K; MIS; NY; P; S; US; W]); Savannah of Sumidero (PoePP'S
s.n., fl. Jan. [BM; G-BOIS]; Poeppig s.n., fl. Oct. [B; BR; BRSL; G-B01tgt;;
MIS; W]).

Clarendon, Hollis's Savannah (Harris 12231, fl. Nov. [NY]; Harris
12850, fl. Dec. [NY]).
St. Elisabeth, Lacovia (Wullschlaegel 1076 [M]).

Dominican Rep., Llano Costero, Cuenova (Ekman H10979, fl. Jan.
[B; S]); Prov. La Vega, Cotuy (Abbot 848, fl. Jan.-Feb. [US]).

Las Marias, near Mayaguez (Holm 31, fl. Nov. [NY]); Laguna Pertu-
guaro (Britton and Britton 8744, fl. Feb. [NY]).

Aripo Savannah (Crueger s.n., fl. Feb. [K]; Britton, Broadway and Ha-
zen s.n., fl.: March [NY]; Broadway s.n., fl. Feb. [NY]; Broadway s.n., fl.
Nov. [BM]); Piarco Savannah (Broadway 2118, fl. Dec. [B; BM; F; K;
MIS; S; US]); O'Meara Savannah (Britton and Britton 2496, fl.' March
[NY]; Crueger 237, fl. Sept. [B; GÖTT]); Without locality (Othmer sn
fl. Dec. [B]; Crueger 1608 [B]).

Cauca, near Buenaventura (Brenning 219, fl. Dec. [B]; Lehmann K396
fl. Jun. [K]; Lehmann K269, fl. Jul. [K]; Lehmann 4988, fl. Oct-Nov TB'
F; K]; Pennell and Killip 5315, fl. May [GH; NY; US]); San José, Dagua
Valley (Pittier 598, fl. Dec. [US]); Rio Atrato near Quibdo (Archer 1771
fl. Apr .-May [US]).

Hoovoobea Savannah (Jenman 3759, fl. Apr. [K]; Epereroe (Pulle II
494, fl. Sept. [U]); Potaro Riv., Kaietur Savannah (Jenman 1275, fl. Sept-
Oct. [K]); Rupununi Savannah, near Kanarawan (Myers 5524 fl Nov
[K]); Kaietur fall (Tutin 635,j fl. Aug. [BM; U]).

Near Paramaribo (Kegel 295, fl. Dec. [GÖTT] ; Wullschlaeqel 764 IB- BR-
GÖTT; W]); Para District, Klein Onoribo (Splitgerber 673, fl March'
[L]); id., Onoribo (Focke 405 [L]); Savannah near the railway (Pulle II
^nbsp;Riv.. near Victoria (Kappler, ed. Hohenacker

1332, fl. Apr. [U]); Without locality (Hostmann 987 [BM; G-BOIS- G-
DEL; K; U; W]); Hostmann and Kappler ed. Hohenacker 425 [SI- Host-
mann s.n. [G-BOIS; L]).

Saint Laurent du Maroni (Benoist 618, fl. Jan. ex Bene ist le)- Sa-
vannahs of Pariacabo (Benoist 1432, fl. Jul. ex Benoist Ic)- Cayenne
(Leprieur s.n [G-DEL; L; P; P-DR]; Poiteau s.n. [B; P; W]; Broadwav
490, fl. Jun. GH; K; NY]); without locality (Poiteau s.n. [G-DEL- K- Pl-
Richard s.n. G-DEL; P]; unknown collector 188 [B; L; W]).nbsp;'

Pernambuco, near Pernambuco City (Gardner 1173, BM; K; P-DR;
W]; Chase 7726; fl. Nov. [US]); id., near Boa Virgem (Schenck 4290, fl.
Jun. [B]); Pombos (Bento Pickel 2575, fl. Jan. [US]); near Coxanga (Rid-
ley, Lea and Ramage s.n., fl. Aug. [BM]).

Bahia, Sto. Angelo near Villanova (Glaziou 14334. fl. Nov. [B; K; P]);
near Maracais (Ule 6946, fl. Sept. [B; L]); S. Georgi dos Ilheos (Martius
2506 [M]); Salinas (Weddell 2171 [P]); without locality (Glocker 32
[BM; G-BOIS; NY]; Lhotsky s.n. [G-DEL]; Salzmann 546 [G-DEL]; Salz-
mann s.n. [G-DEL; K; MIS; P; P-DR; W]; Blanchet s.n., fl. Aug. [BM; G-
BOIS; G-DEL]; Blanchet 685 [G-DEL]).

Matto Grosso, Sta. Anna da Chapada (Malme II. 3488, fl. Jun.
B; S]; Malme II. 3488b, fl. Jun. [S]); Cuyaba (Malme II. 1659, fl. Jim.
G-DEL; S; US]; Malme II. 1659a, fl. Jun. [S]); between Capetta da Giiia
and Cuyaba (Malme I. 1626, fl. May [B; BM; G-BOIS; GH; S]); Santo
Antonio near Cuyaba (Malme I. 1568B, fl. Apr. [S]); between Bonito and
Rondonopolis (Chase 11908, fl. Apr. [US]).

Minas Geraes, Caldas (Widgren s.n. [S]); Diamantina (Schwacke
8397, fl. Apr. [B]); Uberaba (Chase 11257, fl. March [US]).

Rio de Janeiro, Villa Nove (Schwacke 4252, fl. Nov. [GOTT]);
near Rio de Janeiro (Weddell 131 [G-DEL; P]; Glaziou 1255 [BR; K; P]);
Rio de Janeiro, cult. (Glaziou 10087 [K; P]); near Copacabana (Luschnath
s.n., fl. Jan. [BR]; Ule 4160, fl. Jun. [B] Glaziou 4101, fl. March [B; K; P]);
without precise locality (Gaudichaud 422 [B; P; P-DR]; St. Hilaire 117
[P]; de Moura 923, fl. Juli. [B]; Lund 599, ex Malme I.e.).

Sao Paulo, Butantan (Hoehne 1230, fl. Apr. [BRSL]); Utinga (Brade
5734, fl. Jan. [B; S]); S. Bernardo (Brade 9675, fl. Dec. [B]); Ypiranga
(Brade 5735, fl. Jul. [B; S]); Maydas, Cruzes (Glaziou 17819, fl. Nov. B
G-DEL; P]); Banhado Campo, Agua Fria (Toledo 687. fl. May [R; U )
without locality (Sello 5865, fl. Jan. [B: K; NY]; Glaziou s.n. [K]; Gaudi
chaud 197 [P]; Saint Hilaire 723 pp. [P]).

Without locality (Glockse 142 [S]; Schott 4217 [W]; Newman
s.n. [G-DEL]; Guillemin 287, fl. Jan. [P]).

Santa Cruz, Prov. Sara, Buena Vista (Steinbach 16112, fl. March
[B]; Steinbach 5508, fl. Apr. [F; GH]).

Villa Rica (Balansa 2209, fl. March. [B; BM; BR; G-BOIS; G-DEL; K;
S]; Hassler 8568, fl. Jan. [B; BM; G-DEL; GH; K; P; W]); Sierra de Mara-
cagu, Yerbales (Hassler 5937, fl. Dec. [BM; G-BOIS; K; P]); Ypacaray
(Hassler 12665, fl. May [BM; GH; K; L; MIS]); Cauguazu (Balansa 3208,
fl. Jan. [B; BM; BR; G-BOIS; G-DEL; K; L]).

Forma bracteosa (Gleas.) Jonk., nov. comb.; — Burmannia
bracteosa Gleas. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 58 (1931) p. 343.

Flowers many, erect, in
bifid cymes at the top of the
stem. Bracts lanceolate, patent
at the ventral side of the in-
florescence-branches. Facies
and flower-construction as in
the species. Usually growing
among typical B. capitata and
gradually merging into the
species.

Distribution: Collec-
ted in Venezuela and Brazil,
probably the same distribu-
tion as the species.

Amazonas, Rio Branco, S. Marco (Ule 7659, fl Dec fBl)
Bahia, without locality (Blanchet 7 [P-DR]). ' ' ^
Sao Paulo, without precise locality (St. Hilaire 723 pp. [P]).

7. Burmannia alba IMart., Nov. Gen. et Spec. Plant I
(1824) p. 12; Schuhes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXIV;
Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak Handl. 22, Afd. Ill N. 8 (1896)
p. 28; Malme in Ark. f. Bot. 26A N. 9 (1934) p. 20; — Bur-
mannia Sellozviana Seub. in Mart., Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847) p
57; — Burmannia Sellowiana Seub. var. violacea Seub. 1 c • —
Burmannia Sellowiana Seub. var. albiflora Seub. I.e.; — Trip-
terella alba (Mart.) Schult, in Roem. et Schult., Mant Syst

Annual herbs, 10—40 cm high. Stem slender, erect, usually
simple, sometimes branched, bearing a bifid, contracted inflo-
rescence at the top, stem sometimes 1- or 2-flowered. Stem
sometimes with few radical, more or less rosulate leaves at the
base, radical leaves linear to lanceolate or spathulate, to 4 mm
long, often lacking or decayed. Stem beset with lanceolate, ob-
tuse, appressed scales 1—2,5 mm long. Inflorescences usually
contracted bifid cymes, often appearing headlike, up to 11-
flowered, sometimes reduced to 1 or 2 flowers. Bracts lanceo-
late, about 1,5 mm long. Flowers erect, (sub)sessile, 5 — 7,5
mm long, white, bluish, purpureous or white with bluish lobes.
Outer perianth-lobes ovate to obovate, —1,5 mm long, 3-ner-
ved, erect, in older flowers spreading. Inner lobes small, erect,
clavate, rounded, about 0,5 mm long. Perianth-tube trigonous
to cylindrical, wingless, 2—2,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the
mouth of the perianth, just below the inner perianth-lobes. Con-
nective inverted-deltoid, with two crests at the top and a me-
dian, obtuse, hanging appendix at the base. Style thick-fili-
form, branched at the apex into three short branches, each bea-
ring a bowl-shaped stigma. Ovary trigonous-obovoid, wingless,
2—3,5 mm long Ovules numerous. Capsule trigonous-ellip-
soid, up to 7 mm long, dehiscing by horizontal splits. Seeds
small, yellowish to brown, oblong or ellipsoid, slightly curved.

Minas Geraes, Riacho das Varas (Schwacke 8396, fl. March [B]);
Caldas (Regnell II. 135^. fl- Feb. [B; P: S]); Tejuco (Martius 1327, fl. Jun.
[M]); without locality (St. Hilaire 563 [PI: St. Hilaire 2398 [P]).

Sao Paulo, Olho d'Agna de Saia Velho (Glaziou 17818, fl. Nov [B;
K: P]); Butantan (Hoehne 1229, fl. Apr. [BRSL]; Hoehne 457, fl- Aug-
[BM]); St. Anna (Brade 5780, fl. March [B; S]): Campinas (Surren 82, fl.

Sept. [S]); Magydos Cruz (Glaziou 22150, fl. March [B; BR; K]); without
locality (St. Hilaire 1508 [P]); Gaudichaud 196 [P]).

Without locality (Sello 4442 [B]; Sello s.n. [B; BR; BRSL; G-BOIS;
G-DEL; K; L; P; W]; Pohl! s.n. [W]; Burchell A527 [K]).

Serra de Maracayu, near Ipe (Hassler 5326. fl. Nov. [B; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
GH; K; P; W]); Central Cordilleras (Hassler 6298 [BM]).

Var. grandiflora (Malme) Jonk., nov. comb., — Burmannia
grandiflora Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand. 22, Afd. Ill
N. 8 (1896) p. 27; Malme in Ark. f. Bot. 26A N. 9 (1934)-
p. 20.

Plant and flowers as in the species, but flowers much larger,
9—20 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes 2,5 — 5 mm long, 5—7-
nerved in larger flowers, 3-nerved in smaller flowers of the
same inflorescence, as in the species.

Type; Malme I. 1436 from Brazil, Matto Grosso, in herb.
S; duplicates in herb. B and G-BOIS.

Rio Grande do Sul, Cruz Alta (Malme II. 1097, fl. Jan. [S]).
Parana, Fernandez Pinheiro (Dusra 4389, fl. March [S]); Denio Ribas
(Dusto 11367, fl. Feb. [B; BM; K; NY; S; US]); Lago in „Vanhadoquot;
(Dusfe 3433, fl. Dec. [S]).

Sao Paulo, Jabaquara (Brade 7484, fl. March [Bl); Villa Emma
(Brade 9074, fl. Nov. [B]).
Rio de Janeiro, Itaquera Vargem (de Toledo 7485, fl. Feb. [B]).
Matto Grosso, near Santa Anna da Chapada (Malme I 1436 fl
Feb. [B; G-BOIS; S]).nbsp;vnbsp;. oo, ri.

8. Burmannia dasyantha Mart., Nov. Gen. et Spec. Plant.
I (1824) p. 11 and Tab. 5. II; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2
(1830) p. LXXIV; Seubert in Mart, Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847)
p. 56; — Tripterella dasyantha (Mart.) Schult. in Roem. et
Schult., Mant. Syst. Veg. II (1824), Add ad. Mant. CI. Ill p.
358 (110).

Erect, annual, slender herbs, 17—29 cm high. Stem simple,
branching at the top into the bifid, many-flowered inflorescen-

ce or bearing a capitate inflorescence of few sessile flowers at
the apex. Radical leaves rosulate, rather large, grasslike, linear,
indistinctly veined, acute or acuminate, up to 30 mm long and
about 2 mm broad. Stem beset with scattered, appressed, scale-
like stem-clasping, acute or acuminate, small leaves, 3—8 mm
long. Inflorescence sometimes capitate, usually a bifid, many-
flowered cincinnus, inflorescence-branches 8—\1 mm long.
Bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, 2—3 mm long. Flowers erect,
bluish, narrowly 3-winged, about 8 mm long. Outer perianth-
lobes erect, triangular, with involute margin, about 1,5 mm
long. Inner lobes small, linear-lanceolate, acute, erect, about
0,5 mm long. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, about 4 mm
long. Anthers inserted in the perianth-throat, below the inner
perianth-lobes. Connective oblong with two apical crests and
a median, basal, acute appendage. Style thick-filiform to cylin-
drical, branching at the apex into 3 short branches, each bea-
ring a curved, bilabiate stigma. Style with stigmas about 4,5
mm long. Ovary ellipsoid, about 2,5 mm long. Wings of the
flowers very narrow, linear to half elliptical, blue, about 6,5
mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, running from the middle of the
limb to the middle of the ovary.

Amazonas, Rio Negro, Japura Riv., Arara-coara Mts. (Martius 3146,
fl. Jan.-Feb. [M]).

9. Burmannia tenella Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII
(1855) p. 12; Malme in Ark. f. Bot. 26A N. 9 (1934) p. 20; —
Burmannia amazonica Schltr. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Bran-
denb. 47 (1905) p. 102.

Annual, saprophytic herbs, 7—20 cm high. Stem simple,
slender, colourless, bearing one or two flowers at the top, or

forking into a bifid inflorescence. Radical, rosulate leaves
lacking, stem beset with few, lanceolate, acute, small, appres-
sed scales, l—2,5 mm long. Inflorescence 1 —7-flowered, for-
ming a bifid cincinnus, or 1 or 2 flowers at the top of the stem.
Inflorescence-branches to 1,5 cm long. Bracts lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, to 1,5 mm long. Flowers
erect, 5—5,5 mm long, blue, yellow with blue, or white with
yellow lobes, sessile or shortly pedicellate, pedicels 0,5—1 mm
long. Outer perianth-lobes about 1 — 1,5 mm long, ovate to del-
toid, obtuse-acuminate, with narrow lateral lobes, lateral lobes
folded inwards. Inner perianth-lobes minute, obovate to orbi-
cular, rounded, thick, glandular. Perianth-tube cyhndrical, 1,5 —
2 mm long, slightly widening towards the base and the apex,
winged. Stamens 3, sessile just below the inner perianth-lobes
in the mouth of the perianth. Connective oblong, thick, bearing
two crests at the top, fading at the base into an acute, basal
appendix. Style thick-filiform, branching at the apex into 3
very short branches, each bearing a curved, tubular to funnel-
shaped stigma. Style with stigmas about 1,5 mm long. Ovary
subglobose, 2—3 mm long. Flower 3-winged, wings membra-
nous, white or colourless (sometimes yellow or blue?), trun-
cate at the apex, running from the base of the limb to the midd-
le of the ovary, 2,5—4 mm long, 0,5 — 1 mm broad. Capsule
membranous, globular, dehiscing irregularly with a horizontal
split.

Type: Spruce 2835 from Amazonian Brazil in herb. K; du-
plicates in herb. B; BM; BR; C; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL- GH •
NY; W.

Distribution: Bolivia; Brazil (Amazonas and Matto
Grosso); Venezuela; British Guiana.

B; BRSL: CA; G-BOIS;
B; BM; BRSL; G-BOIS;

La Paz, Mapirl (Bang 1563 pp., fl. lul.—Auq.
G-DEL; GH; K; S; US; W]; Rusby 858, fl. May ^
GH; K; MIS; NY; US]); Mapiri region, San Carlos' (Buchtien'459'iTtTTl'
Feb. [NY; US]; Buchtien s.n., fl. March [S]).

Amazonas, Rio Pimichin (Spruce 3733, fl. Jun. [K]); Rio Negro,
Manaos (Ule 5212a, fl. Jul. [B]); Marmellos Riv., near the falls (Ule 6124, fl.
March [B], type of B. amazonica Schltr.); Uaupes Riv. near Panure (Spruce
2835, fl. Jan. [B; BM; BR; C; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; K; NY; W]).

Matto Grosso, Serra da Chapada, near Sao Jeronymo (Malme IL
3493, fl. Jun. [S]).

10. Burmannia biflora L., Spec. Plant. I (1753) p. 287; La-
marck, Enc. I (1783) p. 521; Willdenow, Spec. Plant. II (1799)
p. 16; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXV; Gray,
Man. Bot, 2nd. Ed. (1856) p. 442; Chapman, Fl. S. Un. St.
3rd. Ed. (1897) p. 477; Morong in Britton and Brown, Fl. N.
Un. St. I 2nd. Ed. (1913) p. 547; Small, Man. S, E. Fl. (1933)
p. 362; — Tripterella coerulea Nutt., Gen. N. Am. PI. I. (1818)
p. 22; — Tripterella biflora (L.) Schult. in Roem. et Schult.,
Mant. Syst. Veg. II (1824) Add. ad. Mant. CI. Ill p. 356
(108).

Small, erect, slender herbs, about 3—17 cm high. Stem usual-
ly simple, sometimes branched, without rosulate leaves at the
base. Stem-leaves small, scattered, scalelike, lanceolate, acute,
1—3 mm long. Flowers solitary at the top of the stem or in
bifid cymes; inflorescence 1 — 15-flowered, inflorescence-bran-
ches up to 2,5 cm long. Bracts about 2,5 mm long, lanceolate
or oblanceolate, acuminate, often keeled. Flowers erect, about
5 mm long, blue or white, 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes
triangular, about 1 — 1,5 mm long, obtusiusculous, margin invo-
lute. Inner lobes smaller, about 0,5 mm long, linear-oblong to
oblanceolate, obtuse, involute over the anthers. Perianth-tube
cylindrical-trigonous, about 1 — 1,5 mm long. Anthers sessile
in the mouth of the tube, just below the inner lobes. Connec-
tive triangular, thick, a short obtuse appendage at the base. On
the upper surface of the connective two obtuse crests. Style

thick-filiform, bearing at the apex three subsessile, slightly
curved, funnel-shaped stigmas, funnel-margins thickened. Style
with stigmas about 1,25 mm long. Ovary obovoid-trigonous, as
long as the perianth, about 2,5 mm long. Capsule up to 5 mm
long.

North Carolina, near Jacksonville (Moldenke 112, fl. Nov. [MIS;
NY; S]); near Wilmington (Wherry s.n., fl. Sept. [NY]); without locality
(Curtiss s.n. [MIS; P]: unknown collector s.n. [K]).

SouthCarolina, Santee Canal (Ravenel s.n., fl. Oct. [G-BOIS; GH]);
St. Louis near Pinopolis (Porcher s.n. [F]); without locality (Curtiss s.n
[G-BOIS; P-DR]).

Georgia, Sumter Co. (Harper 615, fl. Sept. [BM; GH; K; MIS; NY;
P; US; W]); without locality (Gray s.n. [B; W]; Boot s.n. [BM];Torrey
s.n. [BM; K]).
Alabama, Mobile (Mohr s.n., fl. Jul. [US]).

Mississippi, Harrison Co., Biloxi (Pollard s.n., fl. Aug. [F; MIS; NY;
US]; Tracy s.n., fl. Apr. [MIS; NY]; Trecul 898, fl. Sept. [P]).

Louisiana, New Orleans (Allison s.n. [GH]; unknown collector 485,
K]); without locality (Torrey s.n. [G-DEL; GH]; Short s.n. [K]; Hale s.n.
GH; P]; Drummond s.n. [W]; Gray s.n. [G-DEL]).
Texas, Houston Co., Grapeland (Palmer 14395, fl. Sept. [MIS; US]).
Florida, near Jacksonville (Keller s.n. [NY]; Curtiss 2752, fl Jul [B-
F; G-BOIS; GH; K; M; MIS; NY; P; US]; Curtiss 5354, fl. Nov [F- G-
BOIS; GH; NY; P; P-DR; US; Wl; Curtiss 4170, fl. Oct. [B; MIS;
NY; US]); Lake County. Eustis (Nash 1060, fl. Jun. [B; CA- F-
G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; K; MIS; NY; P; P-DR; US]; Underwood 1492 [NY];
Hitchcock 1821, fl. Jun.-Jul. [F; MIS]); id., Aster Park (Vesterlund s.n., fl.
Oct. [S]); Carrabelle (Chapman s.n., fl. Oct. [MIS]; unknown collector
1616a [GH; NY; US]); Hernando Co., near Brooksville (Jones 67 fl Oct
[US]); Duval Co. (Fredholm 423, fl. Dec. [US]); Tampa (Garber s.n., fl.
Oct. [F; GH; US]); St. Augustine (Reynolds s.n., fl. Nov. [F; MIS; NY]);
Madison (Combs s.n., fl. Aug. [US]); Plant City (Blanton 6643, fl. Sept!
[F; MIS; US]); Winter Park (Leeds s.n., fl. Nov. [F]); Brevard Co., Okere-
hoba region (Fredholm 6050, fl. Sept. [GH; NY; US]); Orange City, Blue
Springs (Hood s.n., fl. Oct. [GH; MIS]); Brevard Co., Indian Riv. region
(Fredholm 5566, fl. Nov. [GH]); Orange Co., Clarcona (Meislahn 150a,
fl. Jan. US]); Manatu (Simpson s.n. [US]); without locality (Gray s.n.
[G-BOIS ; Curtiss s.n., fl. Jul. [F]; Chapman s.n. [G-DEL; MIS; US; W]).

Without locality (Chapman 80 [NY]; Chapman herbarium s.n.
[MIS; NY]; Nuttall s.n. [MIS]; Lecomte s.n. [P; P-DRJ).

11.nbsp;Burmannia Damazii Beauverd in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2me
Ser., V (1905) p. 948; Beauverd I.e. p. 1080.

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 12—19 cm high. Stem usually
simple, seldom branched, forking at the top into the inflores-
cence-branches. Radical, rosulate leaves lacking, stem beset
with few (2—^5) appresed, lanceolate, acute, sometimes subu-
late scales, about —2 (-6) mm long. Inflorescence a bifid
cincinnus, 1 —7-flowered. Bracts lanceolate, somewhat obtuse,
to 3 mm long. Flowers erect, subsessile or shortly pedicellate,
3-winged, blue, about 8 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes erect,
deltoid, with dark-coloured margin, about 1 mm long, papillose
at the margin. Inner lobes small, orbiculate, about 0,5 mm long,
papillose at the margin. Perianth-tube about 3 mm long, cylin-
drical-trigonous. Anthers sessile in the upper part of the
perianth-tube. Connective rather broad, with two crests at the
apex and a median, obtuse, hanging appendage at the base.
Style thick-filiform to subtrigonous, branching into 3 style-
branches, each bearing a bowl-shaped to funnel-shaped stigma
with prominent, erect margin, this margin with two triangular,
erect lobes. Style with stigmas about 3 mm long. Ovary obo-
void, about 4 mm long. Wings of the flower rather broad, half-
obcordate, blue, about 6,5 mm long, up to 4,5 mm broad, run-
ning from the base of the limb to the base of the ovary.

12.nbsp;Burmannia australi.s Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak.
Handl. 22 Afd. Ill N. 8 (1896) p. 25; Malme in Ark. f. Bot.
26A N. 9 (1934) p. 20.

bearing the flowers in few-flowered clusters at the top. Stem
with few, linear, sub-rosulate leaves at the base, the greater
part of the stem beset with lanceolate-ovate, acute scales. Ra-
dical leaves up to 4 mm long and 2 mm broad, stem-scales to
3 mm long. Inflorescences often contracted, few-(l—7-) flo-
wered, bifid cymes, mostly appearing headlike. Bracts about 3
mm long. Flowers erect, yellow with whitish wings, 5—7 mm
long. Outer perianth-lobes triangular, obtuse, erect, 1 — 1,5 mm
long, with thick, involute margin. Inner perianth-lobes rather
large, erect, oblong, obtuse to rounded, about 1 mm long. Pe-
rianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, 3-winged, 1,5—2,5 mm long.
Anthers sessile in the mouth of the perianth. Connective oblong,
rounded at the base, bearing at the truncate apex two very
small crests, no appendage at the base. Style thick-fihform,
branching into three branches, each bearing a shghtly curved,
funnel-shaped stigma. Style with stigmas about 2 mm long.
Ovary obovoid, 2—3 mm long, 3-winged. Wings of the flower
half-obovate to half-cuneate, truncate at the apex, 3—5,5 mm
long and about 1,5 mm broad, whitish, running from the base
of the limb to the base of the ovary.

Type: Malme I. 424, from Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, in
herb. S; duplicates in herb. B; BM and C.

Distribution: Paraguay, Southern Brazil, but also
known from Bahia and Venezuela.

Bahia, Serra Jacobina (Blanchet 2547 [BM; BRSL- G-BOIS- G.nFr-
K; MIS; NY; P; P-DR; W]); near Ilheos (Luschnath s.n. [BR])

13. Burmannia flava Mart., Nov. Gen. et Spec. Plant I
(1824) p. 11 and Tab. 5. III; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830)
p. LXXV; Seubert in Mart., Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847) p. 56;
Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Mandl. 22 Afd. III N. 8 (1896)
p. 24; Pilger in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XXX (1902) p. 127; Urban
in Symb. Ant. III (1903) p. 450; Malme in Ark. f. Bot. N. 9
(1934) p. 20; Jonker in Pulle, Fl. Surin. I. 1 (1938) p. 180; —
Burmannia flavula Wright in Sauv., Cub. (1871) n. 2482 p.
165; — Tripterella flava (Mart.) Schult, in Roem. et Schult.,
Mant. Syst. Veg. II (1824) Add. ad Mant. Gl. III p. (109) 357.

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 6—27 cm high. Stem usually sim-
ple, sometimes branched, bearing 1—9 flowers at the top. Radi-
cal, rosulate leaves linear, subulate, up to 7 mm long and 1,5
mm broad, indistinctly 3-nerved. Stem-leaves few, scalelike,
linear, acute or acuminate, sometimes more or less subulate,
2—4 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute or obtusiusculous, 4—5
mm long, about 2 mm broad. Flowers yellow, erect, sessile or
shortly pedicellate, 9—11 mm long, solitary at the top of the
stem, or in groups, or in few-flowered (-9), contracted, bifid
cymes. Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular, obtuse, with
involute, thick margin, 1,5—2 mm long. Inner lobes 1,5—2 mm
long, oblong or somewhat spathulate, involute over the anthers.
Perianth-tube trigonous-cylindrical, 3,5—4 mm long. Anthers
sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective triangular, broad,
with two acute crests at the apex and a hanging, median, acute
appendage at the base, apical crests connate at their bases.
Style thick-fihform, branching at the apex into three short
branches, each bearing a peltate to bowl-shaped stigma; style
with stigmas 3,5—4 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid or obovoid, 4—
5 mm long. Wings of the perianth narrow, half-elliptic or nar-
rowly half-obovate or half-cuneate, 7,5—9 mm long, running
from the base of the limb to the base of the ovary. Capsule
obovoid, 4 — 5,5 mm long, dehiscing irregularly. Seeds nume-
rous, very small, yellowish brown, oblong, sometimes shghtly
curved.

Distribution: tropical America, from Paraguay to Cos-
ta Rica, Cuba and Southern Florida.

Between Rio Apa and Rio Aquidaban (Fiebrig 5263, fl. Dec. [B; BM-
G-IŒL; GH; K;L]); near Igatini (Hassler 5654, fl. Dec. [B; BM; G-BOIS;

Santa Cruz, Prov. Sara, near Buena Vista (Steinbach 1614 fl Aor
[Bj; Steinbach 6510, fl. Apr. [F; GH; MIS; US]).nbsp;^

Sao Paulo, without precise locality (Sello 793 [B]).
Minas Geraes, Diamantina (Schwacke 8399, fl. Anr IBH- CalHa^
Serra da Geneta (Regnel III 1775, fl. May. [P; S]); Ri'lchi das Varas
t®]'- Formiga (Gardner 5211 (5210), fl Tul
^r^'nbsp;W]); Conselheiro Hatta (Brade 13499, fl Jun

[R; U]); Salinas (Weddell 2172 [P]); without locality (Martius 1251 fl
Jun. [M]; Glaziou 19906 [B; K; P]; St. Hilaire 1763 [P])

Without quot;locality (Sello s.n. [BR; BRSL; G-DEL; K; L; W]).
SURINAME (NETHERL. GUIANA).

Zanderij I (Pulle II. 27, fl. Jul. [U]; Archer 2832 pp., fl. Nov. [US]).
BRITISH GUIANA.

Rupununi Savannah near Wichabai (Myers 5500. fl Nov [KH- iri
near Konarawan (Myers 5570, fl. Nov. [K]).nbsp;' '

{Selvjyn 626 [B]); Sipao (Selwyn 263, fl.
sturdy 18'[P])nbsp;81b, fl. Dec. [B]); Villa de Sepata (Gou-

Magdalena, Magdalena Valley, La Jagua (Allen 614 fl Seot
[MIS; U]).nbsp;' ■ ■ ^ '

Without locality (Wright s.n. [B; GH; K; NY; P; S; US; W], type of
Burmannia [lavula Wright).

Florida, Lee County, Vicinity of Fort Myers (T. P. Standley 376, fl.
Oct. [BM; F; GH; MIS; NY; US]).

Var. macroptera Jonk.,
nov. var. — Burman-
nia flava forma, Malme
in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak.
Handl. 22, Afd. Ill N. 8
(1896) p. 25.

Differing from typical
B. flava by the much
broader flower-wings,
about 1,5—^25 mm broad.
Otherwise plant and flo-
wers as in the species.

1
2
3

Minas Geraes, Salinas (Weddell 2055 [P]).
Goyaz, without precise locality (Pohl 5092 [W]).
Matto Grosso, Rosario near Cuyaba (Lindman A3399, fl. May [S];
Meyer 452, fl. Nov. [B]).

Amazonas. Rio Branco, near Serra Pellado (Ule 7660 pp. fl. Oct. [L;
US]); id., Bóa Vista (Kuhlmann 3577, fl. Aug. [R; U]).

Burmannia ilava Mart., var. macroptera Jonk., nov. var. -- Specimina
alis perianthii tubo laterioribus.

14.nbsp;Burmannia tenera (Malme) Jonk., nov. comb.; — Bur-
mannia bicolor Mart., var. tenera Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handb 22 Afd. Ill n. 8 (1896) p. 23.

Erect, annual, slender herbs, 7—16 cm high. Stem simple,
usually 1-flowered, sometimes 3-flowered at the apex. Radical,
rosulate leaves linear, indistinctly veined, acuminate or subu-
late, 2—5 mm long, about 1,5 mm broad. Stem-scales few, 1 —
3, small, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 1 mm long.
Bracts of equal shape and size as the stem-scales. Flowers
erect, 3-winged, blue or purplish, about 7 mm long. Outer pe-
rianth-lobes crcct, triangular, obtuse to rounded at the apex
about 1,5 mm long, with thick, fleshy margin. Inner perianth-
lobes spathulate, thick, fleshy, erect, almost 1 mm long. Pe-
rianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, about 3 mm long. Anthers
sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective broad, truncate, with
2 apical crests and a median, hanging, obtuse spur at the base.
Style thick-filiform, branching at the apex into 3 short bran-
ches, each bearing a stigma. Ovary ellipsoid to obovoid. Flo-
wer-wings blue, broad, half-rhomboid to half-obcordate, about
5 mm long and 2,5 (—4) mm broad, running from the base of
the limb to the base of the ovary. Capsule obovoid, about 6
mm long.

15.nbsp;Burmannia Stuebelii Hieron. et Schltr. in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 54 (1916) Beibl. 117, p. 15; Macbride, Fl. of Peru I. 3,
in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. XIII (Publ. 363) (1936) p. 767.

Robust, annual herbs, 20-40 cm high. Stem unbranched,
bearing a simple or bifid cyme at the apex. Radical, rosulate

leaves and basal stem-leaves linear, acute or acuminate,
parallel-veined, 1,5—3 cm long, to 4 mm broad. Stem beset
with scattered, acute or acuminate, linear-lanceolate, scale-
like leaves, 1,5^—2 cm long and up to 3 mm broad. Inflores-
cence 2—9-flowered. Bracts elliptical, acute, sometimes acumi-
nate, dark purple, about 1 cm long. Flowers erect, sessile or
shortly pedicellate, 3-winged, 13—19 mm long; ovary violet,
perianth golden yellow (according to Weberbauer),
wings purple(?). Outer perianth-lobes triangular, with involute
margin, acute or obtusiusculous, erect, 2—3 mm long. Inner lo-
bes orbiculate, rounded, erect, about 1,5 mm long and almost 1,5
mm broad. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, about 6 mm
long. Anthers sessile below the inner perianth-lobes. Connec-
tive large, broad, oblong, truncate at the top, rounded at the
base. On the apex a large bifid crest, not appendaged at the
base. Style thick-filiform, branching at the top into 3 branches,
each bearing a subbilabiate-peltate stigma, style with stigmas
5,5 mm long. Ovary elhpsoid, 5—7 mm long. Wings half-elhp-
tic to half-obovate or half-cuneate, 10—17 mm long, about 4,5
mm broad, running from the base of the limb to below the base
of the ovary, continuing as a crest on the back of the outer
perianth-lobes.

Amazonas, Molinopampas, E of Chachapoyas (Weberbauer 4341, fl.
Jul. [B; BRSL]); Chachapoyas (Mathews s.n. [BM; G-DEL]); Paroma,
between Ventilla and Bagazan (Stuebel 25b, fl. Jun. [B]).

Without locality (Vidal-Senege 4795, fl. Jan. [P]; Vidal-Senege
s.n., fl. Jan.-Feb. [P]; Shuttleworth Carder s.n. [K]; Mathews 1607 [BM; G-
DEL; K]; Mathews s.n. [CA; NY]).

16. Burmannia aprica (Malme) Jonk., nov. comb.; —
Burmannia bicolor Mart., var. aprica Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Akad.
Handl. 22 Afd. Ill N. 8 (1896) p. 22.

part dark purplish, the lower part green, bearing at the apex
1—5 flowers. Radical rosulate leaves and basal stem-leaves
many, linear or oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, parallel-vei-
ned, up to 10 mm long and 4 mm broad. Stem-leaves scaleHke,
elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3—5 mm long. Bracts
lanceolate, acute, up to 3 mm long. Flowers erect, subsessile or
shortly pedicellate, violet, 7—11 ( — 13) mm long. Pedicels up
to 2 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse to rounded,
1—2 mm long. Inner lobes lanceolate or oblanceolate, obtuse,
0,5—1 mm long. Perianth-tube cyhndrical-trigonous, 3,5—5 mm
long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective thick,
obovoid with two apical, acute crests and a hanging basal
median appendage. Style thick-filiform, branching at the apex
into 3 short branches, each bearing a thick, trigonous, bowl-
shaped stigma. Ovary ellipsoid, 2,5—6 mm long. Flower-wings
violet, half-obovate and truncate to half-cuneate, 5—8,5 mm
long and 1,5—3 mm broad, running from the base of the Hmb
to the base of the ovary, continuing as a crest on the back of
the outer perianth-lobes. Capsule obovoid, about 6 mm long.

Type: Glaziou 4100 from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro in herb. S;
duplicates in herb. B, C and K.

Rio de Janeiro, Organ Mts. (Glaziou 16635; fl. Jan IB- CI- GI^tJ^,,
3730, fl. May [P]; Guillemin 898, fl. May [P]; Gardner 7^6 fl' Mkv FRM
K; NY; P-DR; W]; Glaziou 4100, fl. Apr. [B; C; K S! Wilts s n Ph'
K; US]; V. Luetzelburg 16038, fl. Feb. [M] ; id., Morro'^su Tv
burg 15591 [M; NY]); id. near Theresopolis (Uirim 1 nJ; m t
de Moura 894, fl. Nov.-Dec. [B)]; Mt. Itatiaya (Ule 3467 'fl March bJ)

1) Burmannia aprica (Malme) Jonk., var. pusilla Jonk., nov var -
Cauhs 4-6,5 cm altis; gracilior quam in forma typica, uniflorusquot;, pusillus.

Rosulate leaves 2—6 mm long and 0,5 — 1 mm broad. Flowers
about 8 mm long, construction of the flower and shape of
wings as in the species, but facies of the plant quite deviating.

17. Burmannia bicolor Mart., Nov. Gen. et Spec. Plant. I
(1824) p. 10; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXV;
Seubert in Mart., Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847) p. 55; Malme in Bih.
K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. 22. Afd. Ill, N. 8 (1896) p. 21; Pulle,
Enum. Sur. (1906) p. 114; Benoist in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 69
(1922) p. 52; Malme in Ark. f. Bot. 26A N. 9 (1934) p. 19;
Jonker in Pulle, Fl. Sur. I. 1 (1938) p. 179 — Burmannia bicolor
Mart., var. suhcoelestis Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl.
22, Afd. Ill, N. 8 (1896) p. 22; Malme in Bot. Not.
(1898) p. 185; Pulle I.e. p. 14; — Burmannia quadriflora Willd.
mss. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXIV; —
Burmannia brachyphylla Willd. mss. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. VII.
2. (1830) p. LXXV; — Burmannia bicolor Mart., var. quadri'
flora (Willd.) Malme in Bot. Not. (1898) p. 185; —
Burmannia brachystachya Miq. in Linnaea XIX (1847) p. 141;
— Tripterella bicolor (Mart.) Schult, in Roem. et Schult., Mant.
Syst. Veg. II (1824) Add. ad Mant. Cl. III p. (109) 357.

Plants erect, up to 40 cm high, annual. Stem usually simple,
bearing mostly 1—6 flowers at the top, sometimes up to 11 flo-
wers in a bifid cincinnus. Basal, rosulate leaves linear-lanceo-

Hab.: Brasilia (Minas Geraes). Typus: Regnell. III. 1238 pp. in herb.
Holmiense.

late to broad lanceolate, acute, sometimes subulate, 0,5^—2,5 cm
long, and 1,5—3 mm broad. Stem-leaves linear-lanceolate,
subulate or acute, 4—5 mm, long. Flowers erect, blue, purple or
white, lobes yellow, 10^—17 mm long, 3-winged. Outer perianth-
lobes triangular, erect, acute, about 1,5—2 mm long. Inner lobes
erect, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, about 0,5 mm long.
Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, 5—6 mm long. Anthers
sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective broad, quadrangular,
with 2 lateral arms, bearing the thecae; 2 slightly curved crests
at the apex and a median, hanging, somewhat obtuse appen-
dage at the base. Style thick-filiform, branching at the top into
3 branches, each bearing a bilabiate, somewhat fleshy stigma.
Style about 4 mm long, style-branches with stigmas about 1 mm
long. Ovary narrowly obovoid-trigonous, 3,5—8 mm long.
Perianth-wings half-elliptic, 7—15 mm long and 2—3 mm
broad, running from the base of the limb to the base of the
ovary. Capsule obovoid, more or less trigonous, dehiscing irre-
gularly. Seeds small, brownish, oblong, reticulate.

Type; Martius 1196, in herb. M, duplicates in herb. B; CA;
G-BOIS; G-DEL; K; L; W.

Pinar del Rio, Herradura (Ekman 10821, fl. Apr. [B- SI- Ekman
11595, fl. Oct. [B; S]; Hermann 895, fl. Sept. [B]); Laguna Santa Martha
(Britton , Britton and Gager 7155, fl. Sept. [B; NY; US]; Cuesta 615, fl.
Feb. [NY]); between Laguna Jovero and Laguna Herradura (Shafer 10930,
fl. Dec. [NY; US]); between Laguna Jovero and Laguna del Bufeo (Shafer
11002, fl. Dec. [B; K; NY; U; US]); W of Guane (Shafer 10658, fl Dec.
[B; GH; MIS; NY; US]).

Hoorubia Creek, near Georgetown (Hitchcock 16910, fi. Nov. [US]):
Mt. Roraima (Ira, Thurn 58, fl. Dec. [BM; K]; Queich and Connell 14 [BM;
K; NY]); id., Philipp swamp (Tate 344, fl. Nov. [NY]); Berbice (Schom-
burgk 201 [BM; G-BOlS; GH; K; L; W]); Kane (Rudge s.n. [BM]); Pa-
rubara Savannah (Myers 5611, fl. Nov. [K]); without locality (Rich.
Schomburgk 148 [B]; Nimmo s.n. [K]; Jenman 907, fl. Feb. [K; NY; US];
Drake s.n., fl. Jun. [K]; Schomburgk 202 (150) [B; BM]; Schomburgk 210
[BM]; Anderson s.n. [BM]).

Para district (Splitgerber s.n., fl. Jun. [W]; SpHtgerber 980, fl, March
[L]); id., near pi. Berlijn (Wullschlaegel 788 [BR; GöTT; W]; Wullschlae-
gel 1300 BR; W]); Zanderij I (Lanjouw 132. fl. Jul. [U]; Lanjouw 298, fl.
Jul. [U]; Forestry Bureau s.n., fl. Sept. [U]; Forestry Bureau s.n., fl. Aug.
[U]; Samuels 491, fl. May [B; GH; K; L; NY]); near pi. L'Inquiétude
(Focke 1024, fl, Sept. [U], type of B. brachystachya Miq.); near Republiek
(Kuyper 27, fl. Oct. [U]); near Jodensavanne (Kegel 229 [GÖTT]); Sectie
O (Pulle II. 196, fl. Aug. [U]); Patrick savannah-Brownsweg (Gonggrijp s.n.
[U]; coll. indig. 140, fl. May [U]); Upper Sipaliwini, near Camp IV (Rom-
bouts 212, fl. Oct. [U]); Savannah near the railway (Went 95, fl. Sept.
[U]); without locality (Pfeiffer s.n. [DELFT]; Hostmann and Kappler 797
[B; BM; BRSL; G-BOIS; GH; GÖTT; K; MIS; S; U; W]).

Near Charvei (Benoist 149, fl. Oct., ex Benoist I,c.); Savannahs of
Pariacabo (Benoist 1437, fl. Jul., ex Benoist I.e.); without locality
(Martin 61 [B; BM; F; P]; Mélinon 95 [L]).

Amazonas, Rio Negro near Manaos (Ule 8829, fl. May B; G-DEL;
K; L]); Rio Branco near S. Marcos (Ule 7757, fl, Dec. [B; G-DEL; K; L;
NY; US]); id.. Boa Vista (Kuhlmann 637, fl, Jul. [R; U]; Ule 7658, fl.
Oct. [B]); Marmellos falls (Ule 6123, fl. March [B]); Amazonas Riv., Isle
of Colares (Poeppig s.n. [G-BOIS; W]); Roraima (Ule 8564, fl. Dec. [B;
K]); Serra da Lua, Caicara (v. Luetzelburg 20662, fl. Aug. [M]); Frechal (v.
Luetzelburg 20857, fl. Sept. [M]); Rio Uraricovera, Serra do Xiriry (v. Luet-
zelburg 20773, fl. Aug. [M]).

Matto Grosso, Serra da Chapada (Malme 11. 3339, fl. May [S; US]);
near Santa Anna da Chapada (Malme II. 3339a, fl. Jun. [S]; Malme 1440,
fl. March [S]; Malme 1440a, fl. Feb. [S]; Malme 1440b, f. March [S]);
between Sao Jeronymo and Burita (Malme 1440b, fl. Jun. [S]); Itapirapuan
(Lindman A2941, fl. Apr. [GH; S; US]); Paraguay, Rio Amolar (Dorrien
Smith 157, fl. May [K]).

Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaya (Schwacke s.n., fl. May [B]); without lo-
cality (Glaziou 19907 [B; K; P]).

Minas Geraes, Lagoa Santa (Warming 1039, fl. Jul. [C]; Mendonça
195 [B]); Formiga (Gardner 5212, fl. Jul. [B; BM; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
GH; K; P; P-DR; US; W]); Diamantina, Serra de Capao (Ynes Mexia
5874a, fl. May [NY]); Diamantina (Schwacke 8395, fl. March [B]; Martius
1196, fl. Jun. [B; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; K; L; M]); Serra do Frio (Vauthier
370 [L; P; P-DR; W]); Batataes (Lund s.n., ex M a 1 m e I.e. [S]); Araraquara
(Lund s.n., ex Malme I.e. [S]); without locality (St. Hilaire 844 [P]; St.
Hilaire s.n. [P]).

apex. Margin of the outer perianth-lobes not crenate,
inner lobes obovate ......................

h. Stems more robust, flowers many, in a rather long, 1-
or 2-branched inflorescence. Margin of the outer pe-
rianth-lobes crenate, inner lobes broadly spathulate

b. Perianth-wings half-elhptical, running from the base
of the limb to the base of the ovary, decurrent along
the pedicel, about 1,5 mm broad. Radical rosulate
leaves lacking ..................... 22. B. capensis Mart.

h. Margin of the outer perianth-lobes neither thick and
fleshy nor involute ..........................................g

wer-wings broadly half-obcordate, sometimes trun-
cate. Outer perianth-lobes ovate to deltoid, inner

b. Plants usually higher, often more-flowered. Flower-
wings half-elliptical. Outer perianth-lobes orbiculate.

10. a. Flowers rather large, 7—14 mm long. Inner peri-
anth-lobes linear. Connective-spur acute. Basal
leaves rosulate ... 27. B. latialata Hua apud Pobeg.
b. Flowers smaller, about 6,5 mm long. Inner perianth-
lobes oblanceolate, obtuse to rounded. Connective-
spur very short, obtuse. Radical, rosulate leaves
reduced to 1 or 2 leaves ......... 28. B. blanda Gilg.

18. Burmannia hexaptera Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb.
XXXVIII (1906) p. 143; Engler, Pfl. Welt Afr. II (1908)
p. 403

Erect, small, slender, saprophytic herbs, 2—8 cm high.
Rhizome decumbent. Stem usually simple, rarely branched,
bearing 1 or 2 sessile flowers at the top. Radical, rosulate
leaves lacking, stem-leaves reduced to small, ovate, appressed,
acuminate scales, 1—3 mm long. Bracts lanceolate to deltoid,
acuminate, up to 3 mm long and 1,5 mm broad. Flowers erect,
about 8 mm long, white, lower part orange-yellow. Outer
perianth-lobes erect, triangular, obtusiusculous, about 1,5 mm
long, with double margin, outer margin crenate. Inner lobes
broad, orbiculate, rounded or retuse, about 0,5 mm long, fleshy.
Perianth-tube about 3,5 mm long. Limb, tube and ovary 6-
costate by six very narrow wings. Wings corresponding with
the outer perianth-lobes about 6,5 mm long and about ^/s mm

broad, slightly broader than the 5 mm long wings, correspon-
ding with the inner lobes.

Anthers subsessile in the throat of the perianth. Connective
broad-triangular, forked at the apex into 2 papillose, obtuse
crests, at the base of the connective a short, acute spur. Style
filiform, branched at the apex into 3 short branches, each
bearing a triangular, funnel-shaped stigma, with a very small
basal lobe at the margin. Ovary subglobose to obovoid, 3 mm
long and 2 mm broad. Capsule unknown.

Type: Schlechter 15786 from the Cameroons in herb. B,
duplicates in herb. BM and BR.

Kriegsschiffiiafen (Schlechter 15786 (15785), fl. Oct [B- BM- BRl)-
Ndonge, Nlonako (Ledermann 6367, fl. Nov. [B]).nbsp;'

19. Burmannia congesta (Wright) Jonk., nov. comb.; —
Burmannia aptera Schltr. in Engl., Jahrb. XXXVIII (1906) p.
141; Engl., Pfl. Welt Afr. II (1908) p. 403; - Gymnosiphon
congcstus Wright in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop, Afr. VII (1898)
p. 12; Hutchinson and Dalziel, Fl. Trop. West Afr. II. 2 (1936)
p. 399.

Erect, small, slender, saprophytic, bright yellow herbs, 3—
10 cm high. Rhizome tuberous. Stem simple, bearing at the
apex 2—7 sessile flowers. Radical, rosulate leaves lacking,
stem-leaves reduced to small, lanceolate to ovate, acuminate
scales, 1—3 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute, about 3,5 mm
long. Flowers erect, about 7—8 mm long, white, without wings.
Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular, acute, with involute
margin, about 1,5—2 mm long. Inner ones small, obovate to
orbiculate, obtuse to rounded, up to 1 mm long. Perianth-tube
cylindrical, wingless, about 3,5 mm long. Stamens inserted in
the perianth-mouth. Connective truncate, more or less triangu-

lar, sligthly obtuse-bilobed at the apex, tapering at the base
into the short, thick filament. Style thick-filiform, bearing at
the apex 3 subsessile, curved, funnel-shaped stigmas; stigma-
margins with a hanging lobe at the base. Style with stigmas
about 3,5 mm long. Ovary obovoid, about 2,5 mm long. Cap-
sule unknown.

Moliwe (Schlechter 15787, fl. Sept. [B; BM; BR; P], type of B. apiera
Schltr.); Nkolebunde near Molende (Ledermann 990, fl. Oct. [B]).

C a 1 e i n d a. Zanza Riv., M'Bulu hill, Rio Sufo (Gossweiler 8240, fl.
Feb. [BM]).

20. Burmannia densiflora Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb.
XXXVIII (1906) p. 141; Engler, Pfl. Welt Afr. II (1908) p.
403; — (?) Burmannia africana Braun et Schum., Mitt. Deutsch.
Schutzgeb. (1889) p. 162, nomen; ■— Gymnosiphon congestus
non Wright, Wright in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. VII
(1898) p. 12.

Erect, saprophytic, rather robust herbs, up to 32 cm high.
Rhizome elongate-tuberous, bearing numerous filiform roots.
Stem usually simple, bearing at the top a simple or double,
sometimes contracted, many-flowered cincinnus, up to 27-flo-
wered. Radical rosulate leaves lacking, stem-leaves reduced to
small, lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate scales, 2—6 mm
long. Bracts of equal length and shape as the stem-scales.
Flowers shortly pedicellate, sometimes subsessile, wingless.

white, 8 — 10 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes broadly triangular,
acute, about 1,5 mm long, margin double, outer margin cre-
nate, inner margin involute. Inner perianth-lobes broad-spa-
thulate, truncate, about 0,5—1 mm long and 0,75 mm broad.
Perianth-tube cylindrical, often constricted in the basal part,
4—5 mm long, wingless. Stamens inserted in the perianth-
throat. Connective thick, oblong, forking at the apex into 2
crests and bearing a median, apical point. Crests often hori-
zontal, apical point directed inwards, stamens often T-shaped
by .the horizontal crests. Filaments short, thick, swollen. Style
filiform, the upper part swollen and narrowly winged, branched
at the apex into 3 very short branches, each bearirfg a bowl-
shaped stigma. Style with stigmas 4,5—5 mm long. Ovary obo-
void, 2—3 mm long. Capsule obovoid to ellipsoid, crowned
by the dried perianth.

B^tange (Dinklage 848 (847), fl. Dec. [B]: Dinklage 963. fl Dec
[B]); Bipinde, Mimfia (Zenker 4357, fl. Jan. [B; BM; BR; BRSL- G-DEL-
GÖTT; K; L; M; MIS; P; S; W]); Bale country, Efulen (Bates 370 fl'
Sept. [BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL; Kj); Edea. Sende (Buesgen 467, fl. Jan [Bl)-
near Moliwe (Stammler s.n. [B]); without locaHty (Braun s.n., fl Nov-Dec
[B; CA; M]).

21. Burmannia madagascariensis Mart., Nov. Gen. et Spec.
Plant. I (1824) p. 12; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p.quot;
LXXV; Perrier de la Bäthie in Cat. PI. Madag., Burm. (1934)
p. 10; — Burmannia madagascariensis Baker in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XX (1884) p. 268; — Burmannia Bakeri Wochv. in Ann.
Cons. Jard. Bot. Gen. (1908) p. 54; - Burmannia paniculata
Willd. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXIV; —
Maburnia Du Petit Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madag. (1806) p. 4;
Du Petit Thouars in Roemer, Collect. (1809) p. 198.

form, usually simple, only forked at the top into the inflores-
cence-branches. Basal leaves more or less rosulate, linear, pa-
rallel-veined, acute, up to 7 mm long. Stem-leaves few, reduced
to lanceolate, appressed scales, 3—5 mm long. Stem 1-flowered
at the apex or 2—9 subsessile flowers in a bifid cyme. Bracts
lanceolate to ovate, acute, about 3 mm long. Flowers erect,
about 7,5 mm long, lilac or mauve, according to B e r n i e r
yellow, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, ob-
tuse, up to 1,5 mm long, margin thick-fleshy, papillose in the
upper half. Inner lobes obovate, truncate, up to 0,5 mm long,
distinctly papillose at the margin. Perianth-tube cylindrical-
trigonous, 2—3 mm long. Anthers sessile below the inner
perianth-lobes. Connective obtriangular, thick, with 2 erect
crests on the upper surface, without long hanging spur. Style
thick-filiform, branching at the top into 3 very short branches,
each bearing a funnel-shaped stigma. Style with stigmas about
3 mm long. Ovary obovoid, about 3 mm long. Flower-wings
half-obcordate, about 8 mm long and 3 mm broad, running
from the base of the limb to below the abse of the ovary. On
the limb the wings continue as narrow crests on the dorsal
side of the outer perianth-lobes.

Type: a specimen from the herbarium of Du Petit
T h o u a r s, now in herb. P, duplicate in herb. L.

Distribution: collected in Tanganyika Territory and
the isles of Madagascar, Sta. Marie and Mauritius.

Rufyi County, Ngonbeni, isle of Mafia (Schlieben 2571, fl. Jul. [B; BM;
BR; G-DEL; SJ).

Amparafaravola (Decary 614, fl. Jul. [P]); Vondrozo, Prov. de Fara-
fangana (Decary 5019, fl, Aug. [P]); Manantenina, côté SE, au N de Fort
Dauphin (Decary 3875, fl. lun. [P]); Route de Vinanitelo à Ambohima-
hamasina (Dandouau s.n., fl. lui. [P]); Analatsara, distr. de Vatomandry
(Guillot 33, fl. Oct. [B; G-DEL; Pj); Tamatave (Hilsenberg and Bojer s.n.,
fl. May [BM]; Viguier and Humbert 404, fl. Sept. [P]); Kapiloza (Perrier
de la Bâthie 1575 [P-DR ); Between Managaza and Banole (Perrier de la
Bâthie 7223, fl. lui. [B; P]); Soalala, Ouest, near Cap St. André (Perrier de

la Bathie 1575, fl. Aug. [B]); Fianarantsoa (Scott Elliot 2112 fl Feb IB-
BM; K; P]); Fort Dauphin (Decary 1794 fl. May [P]); Isle of Mahakamby!
Bay of Boem (Waterlot 566, fl. Jul. [P]); Andratamarina (Decary 29 fl
Aug. [P]); Prov. Vakinankaratra, distr. of Ambatolampy, NW of Tsinioarivo
(Viguier and Humbert 1773, fl. Nov. [P]); Maromandia (Decarv 1229 fl

Jun. [PJ); Marokitraro, prov. Maromandia (Decary 1662, fl Apr IPl)- Prov
of Mananjary (Geay 7961, fl. March-Apr. [P]; Geay 7950, fl. Ma^ch-Apr.quot;
P]}; Marais de Masse = Care du Chemin de Fer T.C.E., Tananarive, cote
Est, Ampasimpotsy Ungemach 21, fl. Jun. P] ; Between Maninnoza and
le Ranobe (Perrier de la Bathie 7222, fl! Jan [B PI) • Masako^^^^^^
(Perrier de la Bathie 7226, fl. Aug. [B; P]); AmbolliVio^Tr AmboM^^^^^^^^^
near Cape St. Andre (Perrier de la Bathie 7225, fl. Apr IB- Pll- E nart
without precise locahty (Baron 1561 [K]); Sambirano, prov' Maromandia
(Perrier de la Bathie 7224 [B; P]) ; without locality ' (amp;hapefers.r [P];
Baron 1049 P; K ; Lantz s.n., fl. Aug. [PI; Douliot s n FPI-
[G-DEL]; Lindley s.n [B; BR; M]; hUcV du Petit ^oS^ s uIl P]'

22. Burmannia capensis Mart., Nov. Gen. et Spec. I (1824)
p. 12; Lamarck, Enc. Meth. I (1783) p. 521; Schultes, Syst.
Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXV; - Burmannia inhambanensis
Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XI (1912) p. 82; - Burmannia mada-
gascariensis non Mart., Schltr. in Fedde, Rep XXI (1925)
p. 81. '

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 14—27 cm high. Stem fihform,
simple, forked only at the top into the inflorescence-branches!
Radical rosette reduced to 1 or 2 linear leaves, up to 6 mm
long,

sometimes lacking. Stem-leaves reduced to linear appres-
sed scales, 2,5—6 mm long, up to 1 mm broad. Stem 1-flowered
at the apex or 2—5 flowers in a bifid cyme. Inflorescence-
branches up to 2 cm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute, about 3 mm
long. Flowers erect, about 8 mm long, subsessile. prominently
3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, about 1,5 mm
long and up to 1,5 mm broad, margin involute, papillose in the
upper part. On the inner side of the outer perianth-lobes, pa-

rallel to the margin, a thick, fleshy, papillose bag. Inner lobes
erect, broad-ovate, rounded, about 0,75 mm long and 1 mm
broad, margin papillose. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous,
about 3 mm long. Anthers se.lt;isile below the inner perianth-
lobes. Connective oblong, thick, fleshy, with 2 curved, obtuse,
short crests on the upper surface, obtuse at the base. Style
thick-filiform, bearing at the apex 3 sessile, funnel-shaped stig-
mas, style with stigmas about 3 mm long. Ovary obovoid to
ellipsoid, about 3,5 mm long. Flower-wings half-elliptical, about
5,5 mm long and 1,5 mm broad, running from the base of the
hmb to the base of the ovary, decurrent along the pedicel. On
the limb the wings continue as narrow crests on the dorsal side
of the outer perianth-lobes.

Type: Bruguieres s.n., from the Cape of Good Hope, with-
out precise locality, in herb, de Jussieu [P].

Inhambane (Schlechter 12086, fl. Jan.-Feb. [B; BM], type of B. inhamba-
nensis Schltr.).nbsp;!

Very small, slender, annual, usually 1-flowered herbs, 2—'9
cm high. Stem mostly simple, rarely branched, beset with 1—3
scalelike leaves. At the base of the stem 1 or 2 small, linear,
acute leaves, up to 6 mm long. Stem-leaves reduced to small,
lanceolate, acute scales, up to 2,5 mm long, keeled. Bracts 0,5 —
2 mm long, lanceolate, acute. Flowers erect, 3—9 mm long,
violet or pale blue, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes
erect, 3-nerved, ovate, acutish, about 0,5—1,5 mm long. Inner

lobes linear, up to 0,5 mm long, obtuse. Perianth-tube cylindri-
cal, about 1,5 — 3,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat, connective oblong, bearing two obtuse, divergent crests
at the apex and a median, hanging, obtuse spur at the base.
Style thick-filiform, bearing at the apex 3 subsessile, funnel-
shaped stigmas. Ovary about 1—4 mm long, sometimes slightly
longer than the tube, ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate. Ovules
numerous, oblong. Flower-wings very broad in the apical part,
half obcordate or truncate at the apex, running from the base of
the limb to the middle of the ovary, 2 — 7 mm long and 1—3
mm broad.

O ub a n g ui-Ch ar i, Bambare region, near Kudu Riv., 6 km N of Mou-
ribas (Tisserant 1228, fl. Sept. [P]); Yalinga region (Le Testu 3049, fl.
Aug. [P]).

24. Burmannia Welwitschii Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XXI
(1925) p. 84; — Burmannia bicolor Mart., var. africana Ridl.
in Journ. Bot. XXV (1887) p. 85; Wright in Thiselton-Dyer,
Fl. Trop. Afr. VII (1897) p. 11.

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 6—12 cm high. Stem usually
simple, bearing 1 flower at the apex or a 2—7-flowered inflo-
rescence. Basal rosulate leaves linear, acute, up to 6 mm long
and 1,5 mm broad. Stem-leaves reduced to small, lanceolate,
acute scales, up to 4 mm long. Flowers clustered at the top of
the stems or in simple or bifid cincinni or 1 flower. Bracts lan-
ceolate, acute, about 3 mm long and 1 mm broad. Flowers erect,
about 8 mm long, violet, blue, white or yellow, prominently 3-
winged, wings bluish. Outer perianth-lobes rounded, orbiculate,
erect, 3-nerved, about 2 mm long, sligthly broader than long.

Inner lobes orbiculate, minute. Perianth-tube cylindrical, about
2,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective
oblong, with two short lateral arms, bearing the thecae, two
long, thin, erect, acute crests at the apex and a median, hanging,
obtuse spur at the base. Style thick-fihform, branched at the
apex into 3 short branches, each bearing a peltate stigma. Style
with stigmas about 2 mm long. Ovary obovoid to broadly ellip-
soid, about 3 mm long. Flower-wings half-elliptic, about 6,5
mm long and 1,5 mm broad, running from the base of the limb
to below the base of the ovary.

Cape Lopez, Akossa (Lecomte F. 32, fl. March [PI); Oubangui, near
Dounou Riv., 40 km N of Besson (Tisserant 76, fl. Aug. [P]); id., near
Balimbria. 10 km N of Bambari (Tisserant 2061, fl. Oct. [P]).

Huilla, near Lopollo (Welwitsch s.n., fl. Feb.-May [Wj; Welwitsch 68,
fl. Feb. [BM]; Welwitsch 6473, fl. Feb. [BM]; Welwitsch 6474, fl. Apr.
[BM]); Rio Nene, Humpata (lohnston s.n., fl. Sept. [K]); id., Changarala
near Humpata (Exell and Mendon?a 2980, fl. lun. [BM]); Mucha Riv.
(Dehindt s.n. [BR]).

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 11-22 cm high. Stem filiform,
usually simple, dark-coloured, almost black, bearing at the
apex 1-5 flowers. Radical rosette lacking, leaves reduced to
small, appressed, linear to lanceolate, blackish scales, 2-3 mm
long, about 0,5 mm broad. Bracts elHptical to oblanceolate
acute, black with light-coloured margin. Flowers subsessile
rather small, about 7 mm long, white to bluish-violet, prominent-
ly 3-wmged. Outer perianth-lobes triangular, acute, about 1
mm long, margin fleshy. Inner lobes about 0,5 mm long, linear
fleshy. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, slightly constricted
m the middle, 2,5-3 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat, connective black, with two curved, obtuse crests at the
apex and a hanging spur at the base, connective with appen-
dages Y-shaped. Style thick-filiform, bearing at the apex 3 ses-
sile, funnel-shaped stigmas, style with stigmas black, about 2 5
mm long. Ovary elongate-ellipsoid, blackish, about 3,5 mm lonq
Perianth-wings obtuse-triangular, about 5 mm long and 1 5 mm
broad, running from the base of the limb to the middle of the
ovary, decurrent along the lower half of the ovary.

26. Burmannia liberica Engl, in Bot. Jahrb. 48 (1913) p.
505; — Burmannia bicolor Mart. var. micrantha Engl, et Gilg in
Warburg, Kunene-Samb. Exped. (1903) p. 202; — Burmannia
inaequialata Engl, in Bot. Jahrb. 48 (1913) p. 505, nomen; —
Burmannia chariensis Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XXI (1925) p. 82.

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 11—29 cm high. Stem very
slender, often sinuous, filiform, usually simple, only forked at
the top into the inflorescence, sparsely beset with ovate to lan-
ceolate, acute or acuminate, scalelike leaves of about 2 mm long.
Basal rosulate leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm
broad and up to 7 mm long, acute, acuminate or subulate. In-
florescence 1—7-flowered, consisting of clusters or contracted
bifid cymes. Bracts about 1,5 mm long, ovate-lanceolate. Flo-
wers erect, shortly pedicellate, up to 10 mm (15 mm) long,
prominently 3-winged, violet or blue with wings of similar
colour, or perianth bluish with whitish wings, or perianth yellow,
wings bluish. Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular, 1 — 1,5 mm
long, acute, with thick, fleshy margin, one midnerve and 2 side-
nerves parallel to the margin. Inner lobes linear-lanceolate, of-
ten swollen and fleshy, acute, about 0,5 mm long. Perianth-
tube cylindrical, about 3 mm long. Anthers sessile in the pe-
rianth-mouth, connective quadrangular with 2 broad, curved,
obtuse, winglike crests at the apex and a median hanging, rather
long, obtuse spur at the base. Style thick-filiform, bearing at its
apex 3 funnel-shaped, sessile stigmas, funnel-margin crenate.
Ovary obovoid or ellipsoid, 4—4,5 mm long. Capsule obovoid,
seeds yellowish-brown, oblong. Flower-wings about 7 mm long
and 3 mm broad, half-obovate to half-cuneate, running from the
base of the limb to the lower part of the ovary, decurrent along
the basal ovary-part and the very short pedicel.

Monrovia (Anklage 2831 fl. Aug [B; GH; K]); Duport (Lindner 1491,
(Bunting 21, fl. Nov. [BM]; Bunting 32, fl Jun
[BM]); without locality (Dinklage 2028 [B]).nbsp;a • Jquot;quot;-

Between Tapare and Tukurua (Ledermann 5587a [B]); near Garua
(Ledermann 4770a, fl. Aug. [B]; Ledermann 3427, fl. Apr. [B]; Ledermann
4521, fl. Jul. [B]); id., Schuari (Ledermann 3552, fl. Apr. (B]).

1 estu 2914, fl. Jun P] type of B. chariensis Schltr.); near Brazzaville
(Dryowski s.n., fl. Jul. [P]; Savorgan de Brazza 328, fl. Jan.

27. Burmannia latialata Hua apud Pobeg., Ess. Fl. Guin. Fr.
(1906) p. 166; — Burmannia Le-Testui Schltr. in Fedde Ren'
XXI (1925) p. 82.nbsp;'

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 9-23 cm high. Stem miforrn,
mostly simple, bearing one flower or a cluster of few flowers
at the to.;. Basal leaves rosulate. linear to linear-lanceolate
acute or acuminate, up to 11 mm long and 2 mm broad. Stem-
leaves small, scalelike, hnear to lanceolate, a:ute or acuminate,
2—4 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute, about 2,5 mm long.
Flowers erect, subsessile, 7-14 mm long, prominently 3-win-
ged; perianth yellow, wings blue or purplish. Outer perianth-
lobes erect, triangular, 1-nerved, acute, about 2 mm long, margin
thick and fleshy. Inner lobes linear, acute, about 1 mm long.

fleshy. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 2—3,5 mm long. Anthers ses-
sile in the perianth-throat below the inner lobes. Connective
thick, oblong, with short, broad, lateral arms, bearing the the-
cae. On the upper surface two curved, obtuse, broad crests, at
the base a hangmg, acute spur. Style thick-filiform, branched at
the apex into 3 very short branches, each bearing a curved,
funnel-shaped stigma, funnel-margin crenate. Ovary obovoid or
ellipsoid, 3—8 mm long. Flower-wings half-elliptical to half-
obovate, sometimes half-obcordate, 5 — 12 mm long and 2—4
mm broad, running from the base of the limb to the base of the
ovary. Capsule obovoid, seeds oblong, brownish.

Maneah (Pobeguin 8 [P]); near Kindia (Pobeguin 1392, fl. Oct. [P]);
■without locality (Farmar 200 [K]).

Baja Highland near Buar (Elbert 422, fl. Jan. [Bl; Mildbread 9467, fl. May
[B; K]).

O ub a n g u i-C h ar i, between le Lubari and la Zaca (Le Testu 4332, fl.
Nov. [P], type of B. Le-Tesiui Schltr.); id., marsh of la Boumtala, 35 km
SW of Wadda (Le Testu 3512, fl. Dec. [P]); Kaga Biangula, 20 km N
of Bambari (Tisserant 1331, fl. Nov. [P]).

UeleDistrict, upper Uele Riv., near Amadi (Seret 682, fl. Sept. [BR]);
Bambesa (Pittery 111 [BR]).

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 7—19 cm high. Stem simple,
filiform, only forked at the apex into the inflorescence-branches.

Leaves small, scalelike, linear to lanceolate, acute, 1,5—4 mm
long. No radical rosette, basal leaves sometimes slightly longer.
Inflorescence 1 —7-flowered, often a double cincinnus, inflo-
rescence-branches up to 15 mm long. Bracts lanceolate-ovate,
acute, purple-coloured when dried. Flowers erect, subsessile,
about 6,5 mm long, prominently 3-winged, whitish or pale blue.
Outer perianth-lobes erect, broadly triangular, acute, about 1
mm long, margin fleshy, curled inwards. Inner perianth-lobes
clavate, almost 1 mm long. Perianth-tube cyhndrical, about 2
mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat; connective
oblong with two small, obtuse crests at the apex and a very
short, obtuse hanging spur at the base. Style thick-fihform
bearing at the apex 3 (sub)sessile, funnel-shaped stigmas.
Style with stigmas about 2 mm long. Ovary obovoid, about
3 mm long. Flower-wings broadly half-obovate, emarginate at
the apex, about 5,5 mm long and 2 mm broad, running from the
base of the limb to below the base of the ovary.

Type: Baum 726 from Angola, Bie in herb. B, duplicates in
herb. BM; BRSL; G-DEL; K; M; S; W.

green, linear leaves at the base. Rosette
often consisting of 1—3 leaves, sometimes almost

b. Flower-wings as broad as the perianth-tube or
broader ......................................................... 5

b. Anthers with two apical crests, basal spur lacking.
Ovary as long as the perianth or longer. New
Guinea ........................ 28. B. geelvinkiana Becc.

12 mm long. Stem bearing at its apex 1—3 flowers.
Perianth-lobes without fleshy veins. Stigmas ses-
sile. Cochin China ... 29. B. cochinchinensis Gagnep.
b. Basal rosette well developed, leaves of the rosette
23 — 7 cm long and up to 6 mm broad. Stem bearing
at its apex an usual bifid inflorescence. Perianth-
lobes with prominent, fleshy veins. Stigmas on short

loped, radical rosette of linear, grass-like leaves, up
to 15 cm long and 13 mm broad. Inflorescence
usually a bifid, many-flowered cyme, sometimes
reduced to a cluster of few flowers. Cyme-branches

b. Slender herbs, up to 30 cm high. Basal, rosulate
leaves about 1 cm long and up to 3 cm broad. Stem
bearing at its apex a single flower or a cluster of
few flowers ..................... 32. B. coelestis Don.

anth-limb very short, about 0,5 mm long, inner
perianth-lobes not lacking. Anthers triangular, fun-
nel-shaped, inserted on short, thick filaments ......

perianth-lobes not lacking. Anthers sessile, not fun-
nel-shaped ...................................................... 8

b. Anthers with 2 crests at the apex, basal spur lacking.
Thecae appressed against the connective and con-
nate below the basal connective-margin. Sumatra...
.................................... 34. B. connata Jonk.

b. Flower-wings half-elhptical to half-obovate, mostly
2—-many-flowered ............................................ 10

b. Inflorescence not capitate, margin of the wings not
crenate ................................................................................................] 1

h. Stem filiform, often flexuose, usually bearing a
bifid, many-flowered cyme of blue or purple, erect
flowers. Perianth-lobes without fleshy margin. Aus-
tralia ........................ 38. B. juncea Sol. ex R. Br.

b. Flowers 3-winged ....................................................................jj

b. Ovary shorter than the perianth. Stem-scales not
imbricate .........................................

14.nbsp;a. Perianth-limb thick, fleshy, more or less succulent ... 15
b. Perianth-limb not fleshy ........................... Ig

b. Stem-scales not distichous. Connective with two
curved, erect, short crests at the top. Enggano Is-
land ........................... 41. B. engganensis Jonk.

with long, narrow, involute lateral lobes. Inner
perianth-lobes spathulate, sometimes slightly papil-
lose at the margin. Connective apiculate, bearing a
broad, obtuse, transparent, hanging spur at the base.
Rhizome usually tuberous ... 42. B. Championii Thw.
h. Inflorescence rather loose. Outer perianth-lobes
with small, rounded, crenate, involute lateral lobes.
Inner perianth-lobes broadly obovate, distinctly pa-
pillose. Connective not apiculate, acute at the base.
New Guinea ............... 43. B. micropetala Ridl.

hanging, obtuse lobe at the base and an apical, erect,
papillose, obtuse crest. Ovary subglobose. Borneo...

Ovary subglobose. Liu-Kiu Islands and Southern
Japan ..................... 46. B. liukiuensis Hayata.

h. Connective without crests at the apex. Ovary usually
obovoid ......... 47. B. Wallichii (Miers) Hook. f.

Crests on the connective very short. Inner perianth-
lobes minute, almost lacking. Flower-wings half-
cuneate. Japan and Hainan ..............................

b. Outer perianth-lobes obovate, obtuse, fleshy in the
upper part. Inner lobes linear to oblanceolate, almost
1 mm long. Connective with two apical, divergent,
acute crests. Flower-wings broad, half-rhomboid to

broad with 2 very small, almost lacking crests.
Ovarysubglobose. Flower-wings variable. Stem of-
ten robust, succulent, with a many-flowered inflores-
cence at the top ............... 50. B. lutescens Becc.

b. Inner perianth-lobes lanceolate. Connective broad
with two divergent crests at the apex. Ovary ellip-
soid. Flower-wings elliptical. Slender herbs, usually
1-flowered ........................ 51. B. malasica Jonk.

ginate roof, anther T-shaped. Flower-wings rather
narrow, half-spathulate, obcordate. Capsule subglo-
bose. Southern Japanese Islands and Hainan

lute lateral lobes ..........................................................................28

b. Outer perianth-lobes with a thick, fleshy margin or
a thickened bag, parallel to the margin ............... 29

perianth-lobes 3-lobed, lateral lobes involute. Flower-
wings broad, half-orbiculate, truncate to obcordate

b. Stiff, erect, small herbs, beset with thornlike scales.
Flowers 6—11 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes trian-
gular with involute margin. Flower-wings half-
elliptical. India (Cochin) ......... 54. B. stricta Jonk.

obtuse, hanging spur at the base. Small, delicate
plants, 3—6 cm high, flowers about 6 mm long.

h. Ovary ellipsoid, obovoid, obconical oi; clavate. Con-
nective-spur slender. Plants usually more than 10
cm high ...................................................... 30

void to clavate. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse
to rounded, with a thick, fleshy bag on the inner
side, parallel to the margin. Connective-spur acute

b. Ovary shorter than the perianth-tube, obovoid or
obconical. Outer perianth-lobes triangular, acute,
with thick, fleshy margin. Connective-spur obtuse.
India (Travancore) ............ 57. B. indica Jonk.

Note: I have not been in a position to examine material of
Burmannia Takeoi Hayata, Ic. PI. Formos. V (1915)) p. 212,
from Formosa, Urai; and Burmannia Urazii Masam. in Trans.
Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. XXIV n. 132 (1934) p. 207, from South
Japan, Iriomoto.

7—12 cm high. Stem filiform, simple, bearing 1 or some-
times 2 flowers at its apex. Basal, rosulate leaves few,
2—5, linear, subulate, 3-nerved, 3—5 mm long and about
1 mm broad. Stem-leaves scalelike, appressed, linear-
lanceolate, acuminate to subulate, up to 3 mm long. Bracts
ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3-nerved, about 1,5 mm long.
Flowers bluish, very narrowly 3-winged, about 7 mm long.
Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular to broadly ovate, apicu-
late, about 1,5 mm long, margin of the lobe not thickened or
involute. Inner perianth-lobes linear, obtuse, erect, 0,5 — 1 mm
long, not fleshy. Perianth-tube very short, cylindrical-trigonous,
about 1,5 mm long. Anthers sessile at the base of the inner
perianth-lobes. Connective rather thick, triangular, obtuse at
the base, bearing at the apex two divergent, slightly papillose
crests. Basal, hanging connective-spur lacking. Style short,
thick, bearing at its apex 3 subsessile, funnel-shaped, curved
stigmas. Style with stigmas about 1,5 mm long. Ovary ellip-
soid narrowly obovoid, longer than the perianth, length about
4 mm. Flower-wings linear, very narrow, running from the
base of th^ limb to the base of the ovary, about 5,5 mm long
and 0,25 mm broad. Capsule obovoid, bursting with transversal
splits. Seeds minute, numerous, ovoid, bright yellow.

29. Burmannia cochinchinensis Gagnep. in Bull. Soc Bot
Fr. 54 (4me Série T. VII) (1907) p. 463; Gagnepain in Le-
comte, Fl. Gén. Ind.-Chin. VI (1908) p. 22.

Erect, slender annual herbs, up to 24 cm high. Roots short,
white. Stem filiform, usually simple, bearing 1—3 flowers at the

apex. Radical, rosulate leaves few, linear to lanceolate, subu-
late, 3—12 mm long. Stem-scales linear to lanceolate, subulate
or acuminate, 1-nerved, appressed, 3—7 mm long. Bracts lan-
ceolate, acute,. 3-nerved, midnerve thicker and more prominent,
than the lateral ones. Flowers erect, narrowly 3-winged.
brownish when dried, about 8 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes
rather broad, ovate, deltoid, obtuse or slightly acute, about 1,5
mm long. Inner lobes obovate, obtuse, often with involute
margins and then appearing linear-lanceolate, almost 1 mm
long. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, about 3 mm long.
Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat, connective truncate,
oblong, bearing an acute, filiform spur at the base and two
divergent, obtuse crests at the apex. Thecae white, rest of
the anther dark. Style thick-filiform, with 3 curved, fun-
nel-shaped, slightly short-piliferous, sessile stigmas at the apex.
Style with stigmas about 3,5 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid to obo-
void, about 2,5 mm long. Flower-wings very narrow, linear,
running from the top of the limb to below the base of the
ovary, about 9 mm long and V® nim broad. Capsule obovoid,
crowned by the dried perianth.

30. Burmannia bancana Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. I (1860) p.
617; — Burmannia graminifolia Warb. in Fedde, Rep. XVIII
(1922) p. 330.

Erect, annual herbs, 20—37 cm high. Stem simple, terete,
forked at the apex into the inflorescence. Basal rosette distinct,
consisting of many linear to lanceolate, subulate, parallel-veined
leaves, 2,5 — 7 cm long, up to 6 mm broad. Stem-leaves few,

scalelike, more or less appressed, lanceolate, subulate, 10—30
mm long. One leaf-rosette sometimes bearing 2 or 3 stems,
each with an inflorescence.

Inflorescence usually a double cincinnus, 3—15-flowered,
inflorescence-branches up to 3 cm long. Bracts scalelike, lan-
ceolate, acute or acuminate, 4—7 mm long. Flowers blue or
purpureous, erect, narrowly 3-winged, 6—13 mm long. Outer
perianth-lobes lanceolate-triangular, acute, with 3 thick, fleshy,
prominent nerves inside, up to 3 mm long. Inner lobes rather
long, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, up to 2,5 mm long, midnerve
prominent, thick, fleshy. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, up
to 4,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Connec-
tive oblong with a basal, hanging obtuse spur and two apical,
divergent obtuse crests. Style filiform, thick, branching at the
apex into 3 short branches, each bearing a slightly curved,
more or less funnel-shaped stigma, with a central cleft-shaped
opening. Ovary truncate-ellipsoid, 3—7 mm long. Flower-
wings linear, up to 11 mm long, 0,5-1 mm broad, running
from the base of the limb to the base of the ovary. Capsule
ellipsoid to obovoid, crowned by the dried perianth. Seeds
many, small, testa elongate.

Type: Teysmann (3334 H.B.) from Banka Island, in herb
U, duplicates in herb. BZ; CA; K; LY.

Vernacular Names: roempoet taroem (Billiton, ac-
cording to Ham); oemboet oemboet (Billiton, according to
Teysmann).

Near Taboali (Kobus s.n. [B; L]); Serdang (de Leeuw 14, fl Tan [BZ11-
without locality (Teysmann (3334 H.B.) [BZ; CA; K; LyT uj)

Near Manggar (Ham 31, fl. March [BZ]; Teysmann s.n. [BZ]); near
Tandjong Pandan (Teysmann 11089 [BZ]); without locality (Teysmann
I1I90 and 11192 [BZ]).

Netherl. Borneo, Soengai Kenepai (Teysmann 8483 [BZ]; Hallier
2149 [BZ]); Sampit (Hackenberg 140, fl. Oct. [B]); Distr. Duson Timor,
Mada near Telang (Grabowsky s.n. [K], type of B. graminiiolia Warb.);
Tame anglaijang-Patai (Grabowskv s.n. [B]); Poeloe Madjang (Teysmann
8482 and 8485 [BZ]); without locality (Schlechter s.n. [B]).
Sarawak, Ulu Koyan (Coll. indig., Exp. Richards S. 506, fl. Sept. [K]).

31. Burmannia disticha L., Spec. Plant. I (1753) p. 287;
Roxburgh, PI. Coast Corom. Ill (1819) t. 242; Don, Prod. Fl.
Nep. (1825) p. 44; Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p,
LXXIV; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II (1832) p. 117; Graham, Cat. PI.
Bomb. (1939) p. 223; Bentham, Fl. Austr. VI (1873) p. 397; v.
Mueller, 1st. Census (1882) p. 115; Bailey, Syn. Qu. Fl. (1883)
p. 534; Woolls, PI. N.S. Wales (1885) p. 91; Hooker, Fl. Br.
Ind. V (1888) p. 664; v. Mueller, 2nd. Census (1889) p. 192;
Bailey, Cat. PI. Qu. (1890) p. 45; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy.
As. Soc. 22 (1890) p. 332; Moore, Handb. Fl. N. S. Wales
(1893) p. 408; Hooker in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceyl. IV (1898)
p. 130; Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc, XXXVI (1903) p. 4;
Turner in Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 28 (1903) p. 303;
Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. II (1907) p. 70; Gagnepain in
Lecomte, Fl. Ind.-Chin. VI (1908) p. 25; Koorders, Exk. Fl.
Jav. I (1911) p. 344; Domin in Bibl. Bot. XX (1915) p. 538;
Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd. Ser. Vol. IX, Bot. (1916) p.
228; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. IV (1924) p. 304; Fischer in Gamble,
Fl. Pres. Madr. III. viii (1928) p. 1399; Lam in Nat. Tijdschr.
Ned. Ind. 89 (1929) p. 354; Fischer in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind.
XIII (1938) p. 135; — Burmannia distachya R. Br., Prod. Fl.
Nov. Holl. I (1810) p. 265; id., sec. Ed. (1827) p. 121;Thwai-
tes, Enum. PI. Zeyl. (1864) p. 325; — Burmannia sumatrana
Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. (Fl. Ind. Bat.), Suppl. I (1860) p. 616; -
Burmannia disticha L., var. sumatrana (Miq.) Hook, f., Fl. Br.
Ind. V. (1888) p. 664.
Burmannia spica gemima L., Burman, Thes. Zeylan. (1737)

p. 50, Tab. 20, fig. 1; Linn., Hort. Cliff. (1737) p. 128; -
Jawael, Tsjawael, Hermann, Mus. Zeylan. (1726) p. 30.

Erect, annual, robust herbs, up to 75 cm high. Roots yel-
lowish-brown, fibrous, rather short. Stem robust, usually sim-
ple, bearing at the apex the inflorescence. Radical rosulate
leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, up to 15 cm long and 13 mm
broad, rosette distinct. Stem-leaves reduced to appressed, lance-
olate, acute, sometimes acuminate scales, up to 7 cm long and
7 mm broad, imbricate in the lower part, upper part of stem
often leafless. Inflorescence usually a many-flowered, bifid cin-
cinnus, sometimes reduced to a single cincinnus or to a cluster
of few flowers, inflorescence-branches up to 8 cm long. Bracts
lanceolate, acute, about 5-12 mm long. Flowers sessile or
shortly pedicellate, erect, 10—20 mm long, blue or purple, often
with yellow tipped greenish lobes, sometimes perhaps quite
yellow flowers. Outer perianth-lobes triangular, acute, erect,
about 2,5 mm long. Margin thick, fleshy, at the basal part of
the lobes a double margin. Inner lobes linear-lanceolate, thick,
fleshy, obtuse, about 1 — 1,5 mm long. Perianth-tube cylindrical-
trigonous, about 3-4,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat.

Connective rather broad with two distinct, acute crests at the
apex and a broad, obtuse to rounded, almost truncate hanging
spur at the base. Style thick-filiform to cylindrical, bearing 3
sessile, funnel-shaped stigmas at the apex. Style with stigmas
about 3 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate, at-
tenuate in the basal part, longer than the tube, up to 10 mm
long. Flower-wings elliptical, about 10—18 mm long and 1,5 —
2,5 mm broad, running from the base of the limb to the base
of the ovary, continuing as crests on the back of the outer pe-
rianth-lobes and decurrent along the basal part of the perianth
and the very short pedicels. Capsule obovoid, truncate, irregu-
larly dehiscing with transversal clefts.

Distribution: Widely spread in the tropics of Asia and
Australia: Ceylon, India, Malay Peninsula, Siam, China, Indo
China, Malayan Archipelago (Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes)
and New Guinea.

Vernacular Names: Ma - diya - jawala ( Ceylon,
according to Hooker in Trimen I.e., and d e Silva);
Si goera goera (Sumatra, according to v. d. Meer Möhr);
Caô-Caô; Khan song (Indo China, according toGagnepain
I.e.); Parkheawdur (Lushai, Assam, according to Fischer
I.e. (1938)).

Near Colombo (Wichura 2685 [B]; unknown collector 81 [MIS]); id.,
Negumbo (Thunberg s.n. [BM]); near Karawita (de Silva 106, fl. Oct.
[NY]); between Karawita and Niyanowitta (Holtermann s.n.; fl. Dec. [B]);
near Galle (unknown collector s.n. [GÖTT]); Caltura (Macrae 95 [BR]j;
without locality (Hermann s.n. [BM; G-DEL; L]; Fraser 51 and 193 [BM;
US]; Heward 51, fl. Nov. [US]; Kelaart s.n. [G-DEL]; Munby s.n. [G-
BOIS]; Royle s.n. [GH]; Walker s.n., 132 and 143, [G-DEL; GH; K;
L; P; U; W]; Léman s.n. [P]; Leschenault s.n. [G-DEL; P]; Thwaites 2312
[B; BM; BR; BZ; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; GÖTT; K; P; P-DR; W]; herb,
de Jussieu [P]; Holtermann s.n. [B]; Gardner s.n. [BM] ; Macrae 645 [BM];
Macrae 143 [BM; K] ; Jenville s.n. [BM]; Koendy s.n. [BM]; Thunberg
s.n. [S]).

Khasia hills (Hooker and Thomson s.n. [B; BM; BR; CA; F; G-BOIS;
G-DEL; GH; GÖTT; K; L; M: P; P-DR; S; U; W]; Oldham 8 pp. [CA;
G-DEL]; Griffith 71 [G-BOIS; K]; Griffith s.n. [G-BOIS; NY]; Mann s.n.
[BZ; U]; Kurz 175, fl. May [CA] ; Collet s.n., fl. Oct [CA]); id., near
Siwareen (Clarke 45176, fl. Oct [BM; W]); id., near Nurtiung (Clarke
44795, fl. Sept [W]); id., near Nairung (Clarke 40244C, fl. Aug [W]);
id.. near Shora Reen (Clarke 15269B, fl. Oct. [W]); id., near Gowai (Rita
s.n.. fl. Jul. [CA]); id., near Nungklao (Clarke 40110, fl Aug. [BM; CA;
M]); id., near Shillang (Clarke 38373, fl. Jul. [K]); Khasia and Jaintea
boundary, between Maoryngkueng and Maolamary (Burkill and Banerjee
35265, fl. Jun. [CA]); id., Umdong Valley (Upendranath Kanjilak 4519,
fl. Oct. [CA]); Jaintea hills, near Oomacki (Prain's collector s.n. [CA;
G-BOIS; G-DEL; US]); Khasia and Jaintea hills (several unknown col-
lectors [CA]); Naya hills, near Puckama (Prain s.n., fl. Aug. [CA; K]);
id., near Phesame (Prain s.n., fl. Aug. [CA] ) ; Lushai hills, Champhai
(Parry 20, fl. Jul. [K]); id., Diuphai (Parry 209, fl. Jun. [K]); without
precise locality (King's collector s.n. [CA; W]; Mack s.n. [K]).

Gurjang (Lall Dhwaj 0558 [BM]); without locality (Wallich 9004 (BJ
[B; BM; BR; CA; G-DEL; GH; K; P; W]).

Mergui, Myninolekat (Parker 3115, fl. Jan. [NY]).
Without locality (Veitch s.n. [K]).

Near Bangkok (Kerr s.n., fl. Aug. [P]); near Chiengmai (Kerr 1204,
fl. May [B; CA; K; L]); Huey Xheo (Cunniff 91, fl, Aug. [NY]); near
B. Baw Saw, Nam Kawng (Smiles s.n. fl. Jun. [K]).

A few doubtful specimens in herb K, probably from the Malay Peninsula.
MALAY PENINSULA.

Pahang, Mt, Tahan (Holttum 20606, fl. Aug. [BZ]; Haniff and Nur
7866, fl. Jun. [BZ]; Wray and Robinson 5449, fl. Jul. [BM; CA]); Mt.
Tapir, Kuantan (Symington and Kiah 28859, fl. Jun. [BZ]).

Kedah, Kedah Peak (Robinson and Kloss 5961, fl. Dec. [CA; K];
Ridley 12483 [BM]; unknown collector, fl. March [B]); Mt. Terai (Ridley
s.n. fl. Jun. [BM]).

Malacca, Mt, Ophir (Ridley 600 and 3139 [BM; CA]; Maingay
1593 [B; CA; GH; K; L]; id. 2511, fl. Aug. [K]; Schlechter 13134, fl. Jan.
[B]; Griffith s.n. [CA]; unknown collector 799, fl. Apr. [CA]; without lo-
cahty (Griffith s.n. [CA; L; M; NY; P]; Griffith 409 [CA]; Cuminq 7371
[BM; K], possibly from the Philippine Isl.).

Cochin China, Isle of Phu-quoc (Pierre s.n., fl. Feb. [B; CA; P];
Contest Lacour s.n., fl. Apr. [P]; Harmand 947 [Pj; without precise loca-
lity (Talmy s.n. [P]).

Cambodge, Me-kong (Thorel 2794 [P]); Khansong (Hahn s.n [P]);
between Kom Horn and Trassay (Poilane 15024, fl. Apr. IP; UD- Kuana-
Krepeuh Mts. (Pierre s.n., fl. May [BZ; K; NY]).nbsp;^

Laos, Prov. Bambo (Spire 175 [P]); near A. Chieng (Poilane 12191,
fl, Jul. [P]); without precise locality (Perrot s.n. [P]).

Tonkin, E of Fi-tsi-long Bay (Balansa 320, fl. Dec IPll near Mt
Bau (d'Alleizette 220, fl. Apr. [P]).nbsp;^ '''

Ann am, Prov. Niuh Thuan, Lang-Bian (Eberhardt 1550 IPl- Cheva-
Her 30725, 0. Feb. [P]; Jacqet 575, fl. Jun. [P; U]; Chevalier 3963, fl.

Jul, [P]; Poilane 4074 1 Jun [P]); Lang-bian, Lian Khanh Falls (Boden
Kloss s.n., fl. Apr. [BiM]).

Without locality Dalat (Evrard 972, fl. Jun. [P]; Evrard 982,
fl. Jun. [P]; Hayata s.n., fl. Apr. [P]).

Kwangtung, Loa Yiung Han (Lo Kang Penq 6539 fl Tul FNYll-
Tso Tou Ping (Sin 9955, fl, Jun. [NY]); Sun-wui distr. Tso and Tsiang
2002, fl. Apr. [K; P|); Ting Wu Shan (Chun 6317, fl. May [G-DEL K
NY; P]; Mill 230 [B]); vicinity of Canton (Levine 893, fl May [F GH-

MIS; NY; US]); Tsin Leon San, S of Mei-shien (Linsley Gressit 1243,
fl. Jun. [BM]); Sun-ui (Lamont 1086, fl. May [BM ).

Yunnan, near Talifu (Schneider 3959, fl. Aug. [B; GH]; distr. Hotha
(Anderson s.n., fl. Aug. [CA]); Tengyueh (Schneider 3820, fl. Oct. [GH];
Forrest 3846, fl. Sept.-Oct. [BM; K]; Shweli Valley (Forrest 7104, fl. Sept.
[BM; K]; Forrest 4741, fl. Jul.-Aug. [BM]; Forrest 3846, fl. Sept.-Oct.
[BM; K]; Forrest 12003, fl. Aug. [BM; K; S; W]); near Lichiang (Schnei-
der 2511, fl. Aug. [K]); Szemoa (Henry 12043 [K; US]); without precise
locality (Henry 9444 [B; K; NY; W]; Forrest s.n. [B]; Hancock 370, fl.
Sept. [K]).

Fukien, Kuliang Hills, near Foochow (Norton 1233 and 1234, fl.
Jul.-Aug. [US]); without precise locality (Dunn 3516 [B; CA; K]; Chung
6805 and 7579 [NY]).

Kweichow, Yunfoushau, Kweiting (Tsiang 5516, fl. Jul. [BM; C;
K; NY; S; US]); Dar Young Kiang, border of Kweichow (Ching 6270, fl.
Jun. [GH; NY; US]); Wu Min, Min Shan, border of Kweichow (Ching 6179,
fl. Jun. [NY; US]); between Tuyun and Patschai, near Niugoutang (Handel
Mazzetti 10709, fl. March [W]).

Without locality (Gallery 40 [P]); Prov. Kouy-Tcheou (Esquirol
3603, fl. Jun. [P]); id., near Kouy-yang (Bodinier 221, fl. Aug. [B; BZ;
CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; K; NY; P; U]); Diongloh City (Chen Pin En
2139, fl. Jul. [M; US]); Wong Ke Prov. (unknown collector s.n., fl. Aug.
{CA]).

Tapanoeli, Wilhelmina Falls, near Toba Lake (v. d. Meer Mohr
129, fl. Aug. [BZ]); Huta Gindjane (Ruttner 33, fl. Apr. [BZ]); Doloh
Margoe (Polak 103, fl. Sept. [BZ]); between Panapparan and Pagar Batoe,
Habinsaran (Bartlett 7926, fl. May [NY]); Danau di atas (Ruttner 32,
fl. March [BZ]); Centr. Habinsaran, near Sibosor (Lörzing 8015, fl.
Nov. [BZ]).

East Coast, Piso-Piso, NW of Toba Lake (Lörzing 9390, fl. Dec.
[BZ]); E of Toba Lake (Bangham 1292, fl. Feb. [NY]); Penghoeloe Bao
(Frey Wyssling 45(8), fl. Apr. [BZ]); Medan (Jochems 3172, fl. March
[BZ]).

Atjeh, Gajoe and Alaslanden (v. Daalen 529, fl. Jul. [L]).
West Coast, Fort de Kock (Yates 2527, fl. May [BZ; NY; W]);
Alahan pandjang (Zollinger 16517 [W]; Teysmann 2015 HB [BZ; K], type
of B. sumatrana Miq.; Burck s.n. [BZ]); Poear Datar (Bünnemeyer 3291, fl.
Jun. [B; BR; BZ; CA; GRO; L; P; U; W]); Pajokoemboek, Pankalan Koto
Baharoe (Jacobson 2417, fl. Apr. [BZ; L]); Boekit Batoe, Banting (Jacobson
s.n., fl. Jun. [BZ]); Air Poetih Cleft (Kleinhoonte 458 and 609, fl. Aug.
[BZ]); Padangse Bovenlanden, Laras Talang (Bünnemeyer 5735, fl. Nov.
BZ]; Bünnemeyer 5688, fl. Nov. [BZ]; Bünnemeyer 5504, fl. Nov. [BZ; L;
J]; Bünnemeyer 5237, fl. Oct. [BZ]; Bünnemeyer 5136, fl. Oct. [BZ; L;
P]; Bernard s.n., fl. Oct. [BZ; L]).nbsp;^ , r

Without locality (Curtis s.n. [K]); Laoe Bedunbo, E of Liosar
{Lörzing 8535, fl. Nov. [BZ]).

Menado, Posa, Poena bivak (Steup 29, fl. Jun. [BZ]); S of Poso
ravnnbsp;[B]); P°so Lake (Boschproefstadon 5, fl. Nov.

[BZ]); Malabo (Rachmat 511, fl. Aug. [BZ]); Masamba, Limboeng (Steup
211, fl. Aug. [BZ]).

Netherl. New Guinea, Arfak Mts. (Gibbs 5745, fl. Dec IBM- Kl-
Gjel erup 1058, fl. Jul. [BZ; K; L; U]); id., near Ditschi (Mayr 161, fl'Jun
IBZj); Mt. Carstensz, Camp VIb (Boden Kloss s.n., fl. Jan. [BM- KD- id'
Camp VII_VIII (Boden Kloss s.n., fl. Feb. [BM; K]);, id. cimp'vic (ßt
den Kloss s.n., fl. Feb. [BM; K]); Dika Riv. (Lam 2079 [BZ])nbsp;*

British New Guinea, Felsspitze (Ledermann 12377 fl Jul fRll-
Mowless distr., Mt. Misim (Stevens s.n. [GH]).nbsp;' '

Queensland, Port Bowen (Fly 12 [BM]); Stradbroke Is. (Shirley s.n.
[BZ]); Texas (Boorman s.n., fl. Jul. G-DEL ; Brisbane (Bailey s.n [USD-
Tweed Riv. (Moore s.n. [BM; GH]).nbsp;^ ^ '

Vb^ Boorman s.n., fl, Apr. [MIS; US]); Byron Ba^ Baker
iw -nnbsp;unknown collector s.n., fl. Apr. [B]); near Svdnev

(Vieil ard and Deplanche s.n. [P]; unknown coUector s.n. TB ) Coffs Hal
bour (Meebold 3523, fl. May [M]); Trial May (Boormkn s n f Aur
[W]); Hunter Riv. (Brown 5793 [BM]).

32.. Burmannia coelestis Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. (1825) p 44-
Schultes, Syst. Veg. VII. 2 (1830) p. LXXV; Forbes Royle 111'
Bot. Himal. (1839) p. 373, t. 91, f. 1; Hance in Journ Bot XVI
(1878) p. Ill; Hooker f., Fl. Br. Ind., V. (1888) p. 665; Ridley
in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 22 (1890) p. 333; Hook f in
Trimen, Fl, Ceylon IV (1898) p. 131; Volkens in Engl Bot
Jahrb. XXXI (1902) p. 461; Wright in Journ. Bot XXXVI
(1903) p. 4; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. II (1907) p 71- Ridley
Fl. Mal. Pen. IV (1924) p. 304; Fischer in Gamble Fl Pres'
Madras III. viii (1928) p. 1399; - Burmannia azurea Griff.
Not. Ill (1851) p. 326; Griffith, Ic. PI. As. Ill (1851) PI 272
f. 1; Beccari, Malesia I (1877) p. 242, tab. XV f 1-3- Koor
ders, Exk. Fl. Jav. I (1911) p. 344; - Burmannia javanica Bl.,
Enum. Fl. Jav. I (1827) p. 28; Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. Ill (1855)
p. 614; — Burmannia triflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. II (1832) p 117-

—nbsp;Burmannia selebica Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 243; — Bur-
mannia chinensis Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 66 (4me Série
T. XIX) (1919) p. 290; — Burmannia malaccensis Gandog. I.e.;

—nbsp;Burmannia rigida Gandog. I.e.; — Burmannia borncensis Gan-
dog. l.c.j, — Cryptonema malaccensis Turcz. in Flora Dah. I
(1848) p. 590; Walp., Ann. Ill (1852) p. 609; - Nephrocoelium
malaccense Turcz. in Flora Dah. I (1853) p. 287; — Nephro-
codium malaccense sphalm., Walp., Ann. VI (1861) p. 41.

Erect, annual herbs, up to 30 cm high. Stem simple or so-
metimes branched, bearing at the apex a single flower or a
cluster of few flowers. Roots fibrous, rather short. Basal leaves
rosulate, linear or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved,
about 1 cm long and up to 3 mm broad. Stem-leaves appressed,
rather long, imbricate in the basal part, linear-lanceolate, su-
bulate, up to 2 cm long. Bracts lanceolate, about 4 mm long and
1 mm broad, acute. Flowers' blue or purplish with yellow lobes,
about 11,5 mm long, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-
lobes erect, ovate, apiculate, about 1,5 mm long, with double
margin. Inner lobes membranous, lanceolate, apiculate, about
0,5 mm long, margin double. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigo-
nous, about 5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat.
Connective with two short lateral arms, bearing the thecae, two
apical, curved, divergent, obtuse to truncate crests and a basal,
hanging, rather long, obtuse spur. Style thick-filiform, bearing
at its apex 3 sessile, funnel-shaped stigmas, funnel-margin
thick, swollen. Style with stigmas about 4 mm long. Ovary
ellipsoid or obovoid, truncate, attenuate in the basal part, about
5 mm long. Flower-wings half-elliptical or slightly half-obovate,
about 10 mm long and 2,5 mm broad, running from the base
of the limb to below the base of the ovary. Capsule obovoid,
truncate, crowned by the dried perianth, dehiscing in trans-
verse direction.

Type: Wallich 9005 from Nepal, in herb. G-BOIS?, dupli-
cates in herb. CA; GH; K; L; NY.

Distribution: India, Malay Peninsula, Siam, Indo-
China, Philippine Islands, Southern China, Malay Archipelago,
Caroline Islands, New Guinea.

Ve rnacular Names: Rumput Sisik Naga; Rumput
Jarum (Malay Peninsula, according to Ridley (1924) I.e.);
Roempoet djaroem-djaroem (Banka, according to Teys-
mann).

Khasia hills (Griffith and Lehmann 72 [K]; Griffith s.n. [SI; Hooker and
Thomson s.n. [B; BM; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; GÖTT- L- M- NY- P-
P-DR; S; LI: W]; unknown collector 2477, fl. Oct. [K]); Brahmaputra plains
(Kurz s.n. [CA]); East Himalaya (Herb. E. Ind. Comp. (Griffith) 5595
CA; K; L; M; P-DR; S; W]); Lushai hills, Champhai (Parry 333 fl Oct
K]); without locality (Jenkins s.n. [CA]; Maiters s.n. [CA]; Linkunipoor
s.n., tl. Nov. [CAJ; unknown collector s.n., fl. Jun. [CA]).

Hazaribagh (Clarke 33918, fl. Oct. [G-BOIS:
Sr n^rrll^'hquot;-nbsp;^^^ ^^nbsp;Dinajpoor (unknLn coh

(Kurz s.n., fl Nov. [CA]; Kurz, s.n fl Oct
[CA]); Darjeeltag (Gamble 1308, fl. Oct. [K]; Griffith s.n. [W])TsmigSee
(Kurz s.n., fl. Oct. CA ; Kunze s.n., fl. Nov, [NYl; Clarke 26567 f nl
[BM]; Clarke 26755, fl. Dec. [K]); Julpaiguri Hedley Wood 747 f Sent'
IK]); Dulkajhar (Clarke 36958, fl. Oct. [W]); without locahty (Clarke sn
[W]; Treutler 1124 (1000), fl. Nov. [K]).nbsp;^ (quot;-larke s.n.

Without locality (Kurz s.n., fl. Dec. [CA]; Gill s.n fl Oct rCAl-
West Bengal (Ball s.n. [CA]); East Bengal (Cylhet 1072 [CA])

Sillet (Wallich 90056 IB; BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL- K- P- P-DR- Wl- W.I
lich 1072 [BM]; Wallich 9005D [BM]; Smith s.n. [BR; Wl unkrwwn c^
lector s.n., fl, Dec. [K]); without locality (Lambert s.n IG-DELl- Wallirh
9005 [CA; G-BOIS; GH; K; L; NY]; Don s.n. [BM])

Coimbatore (Fischer 1318. fl. Nov. [CA]); Attakatte, Anaimalai
hills (Fischer 3223, fl. Dec. [K]); Pangiri tank (Haines 3591, fl. Dec. [K]).

Doi Sootep. Chiengmai (Kerr 929, fl. Jan. [B; CA; K; L; P]); Kopah
(Haniff and Nur 2083, fl. Dec. [K]); Nong Koh, Ghirbi (unknown collector
s.n., fl. Jan. [K]); Wang Djao (Hosseus 115, fl. Oct. [B; BM; G-DEL; K,
M; W]); Ban Jang, prov. Pitsamiloh (Hosseus 710, fL Nov. [B; M; P]);
Mt. Bau (Franck 161, fl. Oct. [US]); Singgora (Annandale s.n., fl. Feb.
BZ; CA; K]); Khaw Poh hill, Khasum (Haniff and Nur 3903, fl. Dec.
BZ; K]).

Tenasserim (Herb. E. Ind. Comp. (Helfer) 5596 [B; CA; G-BOIS:
G-DEL; GÖTT; K; L; M; NY; P; S; W]; Pockman s.n. [BM]).

Tringganu, Labuan (unknown collector 388, fl. Nov. [CA]); without
precise locality (Yapp 330 [CA; K]).

Wellesley. Tasek Gelugur (Ridley 6997, fl. Dec. [CA]): Pulu Pinang
(Delessert s.n. [G-DEL]; Philips s.n. [K]); without locality (King s.n., fl.
Aug. [CA; K]).

Pah an g, Kwala Pahang (Ridley 1573, fl. May [CA]).
Kedah, Mt. Raya, Lankawi (Haniff 7158, fl. Nov. [BZ]; Ridley s.n.
IBM]).

Malacca, Mt. Bukah Sina (Koenig s.n. [BM]); Sungei Adana (Ridley
1481 [BM]); Ayer Kerik (Ridley s.n. [CA]); Padang Sabang (Nur 2165, fl.
Aug, [BZ; K]); Batu Berendam (Burkill 2834, fl. Nov. [CA]); Ayer Panas
(Goodenough s.n., ex Ridley 1924); Sungei Hudang (Derry S.n., ex Ridley
1924); without locality (Lemann s.n. [G-BOIS; K]; Griffith s.n. [BM; K];
Hervey s.n. [K]; Maingay 1594 and 2496 [K]; Cuming 2325 [B; BM;
BRSL; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GÖTT; K; L; M; P; P-DR; W]).
J oh ore (Spare F. 707, fl. Jan. [K]).

Selangor, Ampang Reservoir (Brooks s.n. ex Ridley 1924).
Penang, Telok Bahang (Curtis s.n., ex Ridley 1924).
Sell tar (Ridley s.n. [BM]).

Singapore, Chamgi (Ridley s.n. [CA]); Botanic Garden (Furtado s.n.,
fl. Nov. [BZ]; Murton 64, fl. Sept. [K]; Winkler 1702, fl. March [BRSL]);
without locality (Walker 113 (BM; G-DEL; K]; Hillebrand s.n. [B]; un-
known collector 282, fl. March [BRSL]; Ridley s.n., fl. Nov. [LY], type of
B. malaccensis Gandog).

Cambodge, Kampot (Geoffray 213, fl. Dec. [P]); Pursat (Harmand
520, fl. Jun. [P]; Godefroy 520, fl. Jun. [P]); Kg. Chuang (Smith 307, fl.
Jan. [US]); near Battambang, between Tmor Plouk and Beuteai Chkonar
(Poilane 14372, fl. Oct. [P]); prov. Shing Treng, between Sleek Kreg and
Smack (Poilane 14120, fl. Nov. [P; U]); Ubon Riv. (Thorel s.n. [P]).

Cochin China, near Saigon (Evrard 152, fl. Oct. [P]); Bien-hoa
(Thorel 1560 [P]; Godefroy s.n., fl. Juli [P]; Harmand 3330, fl. Sept.
[G-DEL]; Pierre 3390, fl. Sept. [P]; Godefroy 878 and 942, fl. Oct. [K]);
Buotop, prov. Thudaumota (Poilane 825, fl. Nov. [P]); without locality
(Baudouin s.n. [P]; Pierre s.n. [B; BR; BZ; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; K; NY;
P]; Talmy s.n. [P]).

Laos, without precise locality (Poilane 11419, fl. Jan. [PI- Massie sn
[PI; Spire 294 [LY], type of B. rigida Gandog.).nbsp;' '

Tonkin, near Muong Man (Evrard 1556, fl. Oct. [P]); Duc-Phou NE
of Hong Hoa (Balansa 3120, fl. Nov. [G-BOIS; K; P; P-DRl)- Ouonhi
(Balansa 318, fl. Sept. [B; BR; G-BOIS; K; L; P; P-DR]); Bay of Kâao
(Balansa 319, fl. Sept. [L; Pj); Nha Nan (Bois 218, fl. Dec P Ul) wfth!
out locality (Mouret 426, fl. Sept. [P];.Bon 6122 [BM; P]; Bon 6157 fPl-
Bon s.n. [P] ).nbsp;, ^ '

7733. fl. Oct. [GH; K; NY; P-DR]; Hillebrand s.n., fl. Oct [gIdElT)
near Pmg Shan (Nin 00527, fl. Dec. [NY]).nbsp;' iJUl-j),

Hainan (Liang 66388. fl. Dec. [GH; NY])
Yunnan, NW part (Forrest 941 [B]).
Chekiang (Tsoong D1025 [NY]).
Kiangsi (Haunton s.n. [BM; W]).

Kouy-Tcheou Ocha-Keou-Gai (Bodinier and Cavalerie s.n., fl Jul
11-1 j, type of B. chinensis Gandog.).nbsp;' '

lands. 10 km N of Siborang (Huitema r26. fl Se^t. pZ] )' IbolalJ pquot;aS'
boeran^ Central Habinsara (Lörzing 7862, fl. Nov- [BZ] ) id AsahaTdaT
near Wilmelmina fall' (Lörzing 9982, fl. May [BZ]).nbsp;Asahaldai,

Muntok (Bünnemeyer 1472, fl. Oct. [BZ; L; U]- Tevsmann cn rR-7i
Na^rtens 93, fl. March [B]); way to KiLh' (v! d.VJcirTand^B.^ïfkb.-

U]: Valeton s.n. [BZ]; Bakhuizen v. d. Brink fil. 414. fl. Jun. [BZ; L];
Weeda s.n., fl. Jun. [BZ]; unknown collector s.n., fl. Dec. [BZ[; Hallier s.n.,
fl. Jan. [BZ]; Lörzing 1551 fl. Apr. [BZ]; unknown collector s.n., fl. May
[BZ]); id., Tjiampea (Koorders 696, fl. Apr. [BZ]; Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 29,
fl. Feb. [BZ; L; U]; Bakhuizen v. d. Brink fil. 1366(38), fl. May [BZ; L];
Schlechter 15822, fl. Dec. [B; BM; BR: BZ: K; P]); id. Mt. Pantjar (Bak-
huizen V. d. Brink 3803, fl. Jul. [BZ]; id. 3796, fl. Jul. [BZ; L]); id., Kota
Paris (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink fil. 3376(213), fl. Apr. [BZ]); id., Batoetoelis
(Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 3384(22), fl. Apr. [BZ; L]); id., Tjileboet (Bakhuizen
v.d. Brink 844. fl. Jul. [BZ); Kota Batoe (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 2194, fl.
Oct. [BZ]); Pasir Angsana, S of Leuwiliang (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink fil.
3393, fl. Jul. [B]); near Tjilodong, E of Depok (Backer, Bakh. v. d. Brink
and Berger 23191 fl. Jan. [BZ]); Bodjong Enjot (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink
6355, fl. Jun. [BZ; L]); Tendjo (Backer 24031, fl. Apr. [BZ]); Tegal Sapi
(Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 3590(303), fl. May [BR; BZ; L; U]; Bakh. v. d.
Brink fil. 3375 (212), fl. Apr. [BZ; L]); Mt. Boeboet (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink
5439, fl. Apr. [BZ; L]; Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 25, fl. Apr. [BZ,]); T|id-
joedjoeng (Backer 22824, fl. Aug. [BZ]); Kalapa Noenggal (Backer 5778.
fl. Dec. [BZ]; Backer 23412, fl. Dec. [BZ]); Tanah Sareal (Backer 32443.
fl. Jun [BZ]); Tji Handjawas (Backer 6219, fl. Dec. [BZ]); Tjiograk. S
of Batoe Toelis (Backer 32442, fl. Jun. [BZ]); Mt. Tjileueur (Bakhuizen
V. d. Brink 5826. fl. Feb. [BZ: L]; Pasir Honje (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink fil.
880, fl. Jun. [BZ; L]) Barengkok. (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 5148, fl. Jun.
[BZ; L; W]); Soekamantri, foot of Mt., Salak (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 3975,
fl. Jun. [BZ]); foot of G. Paniisan (v. Steenis 2432, fl. Oct. [BZ]); Sitoe
Telalar near Tjibaroesa (v. Steenis 5288, fl. May [BZ]); without locality
(Zollinger 14, fl. March [B; P-DR; W]; Zollinqer 1886 [BM; BRSL; G-
BOIS; P]; Ploem s.n. [L]; Junghuhn 695 [L]; Blume s.n., type of B. java-
nica Bl. [CA; L; LY; NY: P: W]; Kurz s.n. [M]; Warburg 11 [B];
Teysmann s.n. [B; BZ; K; LY; P-DR; U; W]; Raciborsky s.n. [BZ]).

British N. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu. Jesselton (Le Roy Topping 1409,
fl. Oct. [US]; Clemens 9590. fl. Oct. [BZ; GH: K; NY]; Clemens 9680, fl.
Dec. [CA; GH; K]; Gibbs 3066, fl. Dec. [BM; K]); Sandakan (Rycroft s.n.,
fl. Jan. [BM]); id., Balam Bangan (Rycroft s.n., fl. Jan. [BM]; Labuan Is-
land (Merrill s.n., fl. Nov. [US]; Schlechter 13211, fl. Apr. [B]; Burbridge s.n.
[BM; K]; Hullet 388, fl. Nov. [K]); without locality (Burbridge s.n. [GH:
LY; US], type of B. borneensis Gandog.; Barber 202 [K]).

Sarawak, Santubong (Brooks 1089, fl. Oct. [B]; Ridley s.n., fl. Jan.
[BM]); Baram (Hose 353, fl. Nov. [B: BM; NY]); Upper Ryang Riv.,
Kapit (Clemens 21124 [B; BZ; K; MIS; NY]); Piringiao hill (Beccarri 930
[FI]); Bintulu (Beccari 3692 [FI]); Labuan (Beccari s.n.. fl. Aug. (FI]);
without locality (Foxworthy 483, fl. May-Jun. [B; BRSL; US]).

Netherl. Borneo, near Pontianak (Administrator of the Kapoea
plantation s.n. fl. Jun. [BZ]); near Mandor (Polak 210, fl. Dec. [BZ];
Mondi 277, fl. Apr. [BZ; K; L; P]); Singkawang (Teysmann 7977 [BZ]; v.
Nartens 94, fl. March [B]); Seminis (v. Nartens 95. fl. Apr. [B]); Dawak

(Hallier 772 [BZ]; between Dawak and Sanggouw (Hallier 412 [BZl)-
Banjermassin (Motley 55 [K]); Martapoera (Labohm 1947, fl May [BZl •
Poeloe Lampei (Korthals s.n. [L]); Sintang (Hallier 2544 [BZl) near
Tabalong (Gandrup 14, fl. Apr. [BZ]).

Parangpeda, near Bontoparang (Bünnemeyer 10675. fl. March [BZ- Ll)-
Mt Galedong (Bünnemeyer 10926 [BZ]); Timanpoe (Kjellberq 3795 fl' Aua
BZ]); Central Celebes (Kaudersn 351, fl. Jun. [S]); SE Peninsula; Lepo-
Lepo near Kandari (Beccari s.n., fl. Jul. [FI], type of B. selebica Becc.);
Without locality (Kjellberg 3101 [BZ]).nbsp;'

Yap (Volkens 236, fl. Dec. [B; P]; Volkens 337, fl. Jan. [B; BZ; US]).
NEW GUINEA.

(Vahl s.n. [G-DEL]); Ind. or. (Wallich 354 = 2136, fl. Oct. [G-DELl-
^npritquot;»^^^ ^f,!quot;^nbsp;[G-DEL]; Roxburgh i.n. [Bm!

^n. LWj; Beddome 113, fl. Nov. CA ; Thaipeng (Wrav 132 fCAll-
Gyra (unknowi^ collector s.n., fl, Nov. [CA]; unknol cÄr 3l, fh dI':

33. Burmannia Ledermannii Jonk., nov. spec.
Erect, slender, annual herbs. 7-10 cm high. Roots filiform,
rather short. Stem erect, stiff-filiform, simple, with a reduced
rosette of 2-4 linear, acute to subulate, pale green leaves at
the base. Stem beset with 2—5 linear to lanceolate, obtusius-
culous. appressed. reduced, scalelike leaves, basal rosulate leaves
3-4 mm long, stem scales about 2 mm long. Stem-top bearing

saprophytica. 7^10 cm alta, uniflora. Radices fibro a^ Ma radTca fa 2T4'
Imeana, acuta ve subulata. 3-4 mm longa. Folia caulina 2^ scuamle^
formia adpressa, linearia vel lanceolata, fere 2 mm longa Flores S-Hm

one pale-blue, narrowly 3-winged, erect flower, flowers 5—7
mm long. Perianth-limb very short, outer perianth-lobes about
0,5 mm long, triangular, acute, with thick, fleshy, slightly invo-
lute margin. Inner lobes absent(?). Perianth-tube cylindrical.

swollen towards the limb, about 2,5 mm long. Stamens 3,
inserted in the throat between the lobes.

Filaments short, rather thick, anthers triangular, funnel-
shaped. Connective elongate into a crest above the thecae.
Style thick, filiform, branching at the apex into 3 short bran-
ches, each bearing a disciform stigma with a central opening.

Style with stigmas about 2 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid to obo-
void, about 4 mm long. Flower-wings rather narrow, half-ellip-
tic, about —5,5 mm long and up to 1 mm broad, running from
the base of the limb to the base of the ovary.

Erect, unbranched, non-saprophytic herbs, 15^—30 cm
high. Stem filiform, sparsely beset with more or less appressed.
linear, acute, 2—5 mm long, scalelike leaves. Basal leaf-rosette
reduced to 3—6 linear, acute or acuminate, 1-veined leaves,
A—8 mm long and about 1 mm broad. Bracts linear-lanceolate,
acute, about 1,5 mm long. Stem usually bearing 1—3 erect,
shortly pedicellate flowers at the apex. Flowers 6—8 mm long,
prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular,
acutish, with involute margin, about 1 mm long. Inner perianth-
lobes small, nearly 0,5 mm long, broadly ovate, obtuse.
Perianth-tube cylindrical, about 3 mm long. Anthers sessile in
the perianth-throat. Connective rather broad, bearing two
divergent, obtuse crests at the apex, brown. Thecae bright-
yellow, the two thecae appressed against the connective and
connate below the basal connective-margin. Basal hanging con-
nective-spur lacking. Style as long as the perianth-tube, bran-
ching at the top into 3 short branches, each bearing a peltate,

Burmannia connata Jonk., n.sp. — Herba non-saprophytica, pergra-
cilis, erecta, viridis. Folia basalia rosulata viridia 3—6, lineari-acuminata, uni-
nervia, 4—8 mm longa, folia caulinia sparsa, minora, squamaeformia, linearia.
2—5 mm longa. Flores 1—3 terminales. Lobi perianthii exteriores triangu-
lares, marginibus simplicibus, incrassatis, apice obtusi; lobi exteriores late
obovatis, obtusis. Stamina lobos interiores opposita; cristae 2, connectivum
basi noncalcaratum, thecae ad connectivum adpressae, basi connatae. Ova-
rium ellipsoideum vel obconicum. Alae plm. 8 mm longae, 2 mm latae, semi-
oblanceolatae. Semina scobiformia.

dish-shaped stigma. Ovary 2,5—4 mm long, ellipsoid to obco-
nical. Flower-wings about 8 mm long and 2 mm broad, half-
oblanceolate, running from the lower part of the limb to the

base of the ovary, decurrent along the upper part of the pedi-
cel. Capsule 4—6 mm long, ellipsoid, dehiscing with trans-
verse splits. Seeds small, scobiform, yellow.

East-Coast, Subdivision Laboehan Batoe, Distr. Kota Pinang, Saboen-
gan, on the Soengei Kanan (Si Toroes 3498, fl. March fNYl; Si Toroes
3724, fl. March-Apr. [NY]).nbsp;quot; '

35. Burmannia pusilla (Wall, ex Miers) Thw., Enum. PI.
Zeyl. (1864) p. 325; Hooker. Fl. Br. Ind.V (1888) p. 665; Gag-
nepain in Lecomte. Fl. Ind.-Chin. VI (1908) p. 22; —
Burmannia coelestis Don var. pusilla (Wall, ex Miers) Trim.,
Handb. Fl. Ceyl. IV (1898) p. 131; — Burmannia coelestis non
Don. Fischer in Gamble. Fl. Pres. Madras III. viii (1928) p.
1399; — Tripteranthus pusilla Wall, ex Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. XVIII (1841) p. 537; — Gonyanthes pusilla (Wall, ex
Miers) Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1841) p. 537; —
Cyananthus pusilla (Wall, ex Miers) Miers in Wallich. Cat.
(1849) 9008.

Small, erect, slender herbs. 4 — 19 cm high. Stem filiform,
usually simple and 1-flowered, sometimes few-flowered, rarely
much-branched. Basal leaves up to 5 mm long, forming a redu-
ced rosette, often almost lacking. Stem-leaves reduced to small,
lanceolate, acute to acuminate, 1—2,5 mm long scales. Bracts
lanceolate or elliptic, acute, 1—2 mm long. Flowers erect,
bluish. 4,5—6 mm long, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-
lobes 1 — 1,5 mm long, broad triangular-ovate to almost orbi-
culate. obtuse, with thick margin. Inner lobes fleshy, linear to
lanceolate, acutish, about 0.5 mm long. Perianth-tube cylin-
drical-trigonous, 1,5—3 mm long. Stamens sessile in the
perianth-throat. Connective oblong with two apical, acute,
crests and an obtuse, basal, hanging spur. Thecae inserted on
two short, lateral connective-arms. Style thick-filiform, bearing
at the apex 3 sessile, funnel-shaped stigmas, with a central cleft.
Style with stigmas about 1.5—2,5 mm long. Ovary truncate.

ellipsoid to obovoid, 1,5—2,5 mm long. Flower-wings half-
orbicular to broadly half-obovate, 3,5—6 mm long and 2—3
mm broad, running from the base of the limb to below the base
of the ovary. Capsule obovoid, crowned by the dried perianth.
Seeds many, very small, scobiform.

Type: Wallich 9008 from India, Concan, in herb. BM,
duplicates in herb. CA; G-DEL and K.

Mt. Khasia (Hooker and Thomson s.n. [B; BR; CA; F; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
GH; GÖTT; K; L; M; NY; P; P-DR; S; U; W]); Shillong Hills (Clarke
44653, fl. Aug. [BM; W]).

Concan (Law s.n. [B; G-BOIS:, GH; GÖTT; K; L; M; NY; P; P-DR;
S; U; W|; Wallich 9008 [BM; CA; G-DEL; K|).
Ten ass er im, Tavoy (Wallich 241 = 1999, fl, Sept. [BM; G-DEL]).
Travancore, Tenmalai (Calder and Ramaswami 835, fl. Sept. [CA]).
Madras, above Vilagavi, 4 miles below Kodaikanal (Bembower 307a,
fl. Jun. [MIS]); Trichoor' (Gamble 14839, fl. Sept. [K]).
Gonjam District, Mahendragiri Hill (Fischer s.n. [K]).
Without locality (Vahl s.n. [P]; Wallich 1498 [BM]).

Cochin China, Saigon (ex Gagnepain I.e.); without precise lo-
cality (Thorel 1369 [P]; Lefevre 217, fl. Sept. [P]; Thorel 791 [P]).
Cambodge (ex Gagnepain I.e.).

O b s.: Possibly this species is identical with the doubtful B. unillora Rottl.
ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. IV. 2, Cur. post. (1827) p. 23. In that case the cor-
rect name would be Burmannia uniflora Rottl. ex Spreng.

1) Burmannia pusilla (Wall, ex Miers) Thw., var. hongkongensis Jonk.,
nov. var. — Planta 9—15 cm alta. 1—3-flora. Alae perianthii semi-
oblanceolatae vel semi-cuneatae, usque ad 1,5 mm latae. Hab.: prope Hong-
kong. Typus: Bodinier 924 in herb. Parisiense (herb. Drake), typi dupla
in herb. LY et P.

9—15 cm high, bearing 1—3 flowers at the top. Flowers blue
as in the species, but flower-wings narrower, up to 1,5 mm
broad.

Type: Bodinier 924, from Hong-Kong, in herb. P-DR,
duplicates in herb. LY and P.

36. Burmannia subcoelestis Gagnep. in Bull. Soc Bot Fr
54 (4me Série T.VII) (1907) p. 464; Gagnepain in Lecomte,
Fl. Gén. Ind.-Chin. VI (1907) p. 23.

Erect, annual herbs, 33—38 cm high. Roots fibrous, yello-
wish. Stem usually simple, terete. Basal leaves more or less

rosulate, linear-lanceolate, subulate, 5—23 mm long and about
1 mm broad. Stem beset with scattered, more or less appres-
sed, linear to lanceolate, subulate, rather long, scalelike leaves,
3—16 mm long. At the top of the stem or branches a cluster of
5—^15 flowers. Bracts ovate, acute, 1-nerved, about 2,5 mm
long. Flowers erect, about 10 mm long, blue. Outer perianth-
lobes erect, ovate-triangular, obtuse, about 1,5 mm long, margin
thick, fleshy. Inner lobes small, obovate-oblanceolate, obtuse,
about 0,5 mm long. Perianth-tube about 4,5 mm long, cylin-
drical-trigonous. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat, con-
nective with two apical, divergent crests and a basal, hanging,
rather long, filiform, obtuse spur, Y-shaped, with two short
lateral arms, bearing the thecae. Style thick-filiform, bearing
at the apex 3 subsessile, funnel-shaped, 2-lobed, curved stig-
mas. Style with stigmas about 4,5 mm long. Ovary truncate,
obovoid, about 4 mm long.

Flower-wings half-elliptical, with crenate margin, about 9
mm long and 2,5 mm broad, running from the middle of the
limb to below the base of the ovary.

37. Burmannia luteo-alba Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 54
(4me Série, T. VII) (1907) p. 463; Gagnepain in Lecomte, Fl.
Gén. Ind.-Chine VI (1908) p. 22.

Erect, unbranched, non-saprophytic herbs, 14—23 cm high.
Stem filiform, sparsely beset with linear-lanceolate, acute,
1—5 mm long, scalelike, green leaves. Basal leaf-rosette redu-
ced to few hnear, acuminate leaves. Rosette-leaves and basal

stem-leaves up to 10 mm long and about 1 mm broad. Bracts
small, linear-lanceolate. Stem usually bearing 2 erect, shortly
pedicellate or subsessile flowers at the apex, stem seldom 1- or
3-flowered. Flowers 5—7 mm long, greenish-white with yellow
limb, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes erect, broadly
triangular, acute, yellow, with thick or involute margin, about
1,5 mm long. Inner lobes 0,5^—1 mm long, erect, sublanceolate
or oblong, obtuse. Perianth-tube cylindrical, about 2 mm long.
Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective quadran-
gular, bearing the thecae on short lateral arms. On the upper
surface of the connective two divergent, obtuse crests, basal
hanging connective-spur triangular to filiform, obtuse. Style as
long as the tube, branching at the apex into 3 short branches
each bearing a dish-shaped stigma. Ovary clavate to obovoid,
truncate at the apex, slightly attenuate at the base, about 2,5
mm long. Flower-wings about 5 mm long and 1 mm broad,
whitish, half-obovate, running from the base of the limb to
below the base of the ovary.

38. Burmannia juncea Sol. ex R. Br., Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl.
I (1810) p. 265; id., Ed. sec. (1827) p. 121; Bentham, Fl. austr.
VI (1873) p. 397; Bailey, Syn. Qu. Fl. (1883) p. 534; Bailey.
Qu. Fl. V (1902) p. 1513; Bailey, Comp. Cat. Qu. PI. (1909)
p. 519; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Jav. I (1911) p. 344.

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 13-40 cm high. Roots filiform,
fibrous, short. Stem long, filiform, often flexuose, usually
unbranched, sometimes with short branches, forking at the
apex into the inflorescence. Radical rosulate leaves few, someti-

mes almost lacking, 3-nerved, linear, subulate, up to 10 mm
long. Stem-leaves small, appressed, elliptic, acuminate or subu-
late, to 4 mm long. Inflorescence a double cincinnus, up to
13-flowered, branches to 4 cm long, sometimes reduced to 1
or 2 flowers. Bracts elliptical, acute, 1,5—2 mm long. Flowers
erect, blue or purple, prominently 3-winged, about 8 mm long,
shortly pedicellate. Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular, acute,
about 3 mm long. Inner lobes oblong, obtuse, about 0,5 mm
long. Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous, about 3 mm long.
Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective oblong,
obtuse, tapering at the base into a filiform, acute spur and
bearing at the apex two curved, divergent, acute crests. Thecae
inserted on short lateral connective-arms. Style thick-filiform,
bearing at the apex 3 subsessile, funnel-shaped stigmas. Style
with stigmas about 3,5 mm long. Ovary obovoid, often longer
than the tube, truncate, 3—6,5 mm long. Flower-wings half-
obovate, about 6 mm long and 2 mm broad, running from the
middle of the limb to below the base of the ovary, decurrent
along the pedicel. Capsule obovoid, up to 8 mm long, crowned
by the dried perianth, opening by transverse splits.

Distribution: Known from the Northern and Eastern
part of Australia (North Australia and Queensland).

Queensland, Endeavour Riv. (Banks and Solander s.n. [BM]); Mo-
reton, Logan Riv. (Scortechini s.n., ex Benth. I.e.); Temple Bay, Cape
York Peninsula (Young s.n., fl. Jul. [BM]); without locality (Banks s.n. [S]).

North Australia, Palmerston, vicinity of Port Darwin (Bleeser 457,
fl. Aug. [B]; Holtze 491 [B]; Holtze s.n. [B]; Holtze 41 [BR]; Lea s.n.,
fl. Jun. [BM]; Prager 41 [G-BOIS]); Port Essington (Armstrong s.n., £X
B e n t h a m I.e.).

Erect, saprophytic herbs, 45 — 12 cm high. Stem erect, sim-
ple, rather thick, beset with many lanceolate, acute, in the

lower part imbricate, scalelike leaves, 3—6 mm long. Basal
leaf-rosette lacking. Inflorescence consisting of 2—5 clustered,
subsessile flowers at the top of the stem. Bracts of equal length
as the stem-scales but slightly broader, broad-lanceolate to
ovate, acute. Flowers white, about 8,5 mm long, 6-costate.
Outer perianth-lobes erect, about 2 mm long, broadly trian-
gular, acute, margin thick, fleshy, swollen. Inner ones almost
1 mm long, thick, fleshy, oblong, obtuse to rounded, erect,
papillose. Perianth-tube short, cylindrical, about 2 mm long.
Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Connective oblong,
acute at the base, bearing 2 divergent, obtuse crests at the
apex. Style thick-filiform, bearing 3 sessile, obconical stigmas
at the top. Ovary very large, 4-5 mm long, broadly ellipsoid
to subglobose.

40. Burmannia bifaria J. J. S. in Icon. Bogor IV (1914) t
379; V. Steenis in Trop. Nat. XXIII (1934) p. 37.

Erect, saprophytic herbs, 5-13 cm high. Roots unbran-
ched, vermiform. Stem simple or branched, beset with many,
distichous, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, stem-clasping!
scalelike leaves, up to 5 mm long. Basal rosulate leaves lacking.
Inflorescence up to 7-flowered, stem sometimes bearing a
single flower at the top. Flowers erect, subsessile, 6-costate,
9-13 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes about 1,5 mm long!

fleshy, triangular with involute, crenate margin. Inner lobes
orbicular, fleshy, about 1,5 mm long. Perianth-tube 2,5—4,5
mm long, cylindrical-trigonous. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat, connective obtriangular with a slightly 2-lobed, papil-
lose crest at the top. Style thick-filiform, branching at the top
into 3 very short branches, each bearing a curved, funnel-
shaped stigma with a rounded, membranous, hanging appen-
dage. Style with stigmas about 4 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid,
truncate, 4—6 mm long. Seeds ovoid, brown, striped.

Batavia, near Buitenzorg, Mt. Karang Gantoengan (Backer 6285, fl.
Dec. [BZ]); id., Mt, Soenarari (Backer 6328, fl. Jan. [BZ]); Mt. Tjipoeti
near Tjiampea (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 4792, fl. Sept. [BZ]).

Slender, erect, saprophytic herbs, 10—13 cm high. Stem sim-
ple, more or less fleshy, beset with 3—8 scalelike, lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, prominently 1-nerved lea-
ves, 2—6 mm long. Basal rosulate leaves lacking. Bracts ovate,
acute, about 5 mm long. Stem branching at the top into the
bifid 5—9-flowered inflorescence. Flowers erect, shortly pedi-
cellate, puplish-white, 9—12 mm long. Flower-limb more or less
succulent, outer lobes 1,5—2 mm long, obtuse, triangular, with
involute margin in younger flowers, orbiculate with evolute
margin when older. Inner ones small, erect, fleshy, ovate or
obovate to orbiculate, obtuse to rotundate, sometimes retuse,
0,25—1 mm long. Perianth-tube 4—5 mm long, cylindrical-tri-
gonous, 6-nerved. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat, connec-
tive obtriangular, with two curved, divergent crests at the apex,

basal hanging spur lacking. Style thick-filiform, branching at
the top into 3 short branches, each bearing a flat, retuse stigma,
with a broad, rotundate, hanging, membranous appendage.
Style with stigmas 4—4,5 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid to obovoid,
3—4 mm long. Ovules numerous, ovoid to ellipsoid. Flower-
wings reduced to 3 very narrow, linear ribs, running from the
top of the limb to the base of the ovary.

Type: Liitjeharms 4437 from Enggano Island, near Su-
matra. in herb. L. duplicate in herb. BZ.

42. Burmannia Championii Thw., Enum. PL Zeyl. (1864)
p. 325; Hook. f.. Fl. Br. Ind. V (1890) p. 666; Hooker in Trim.,
Handb. Fl. Ceyl. IV (1898) p. 131, pi. LXXXVII; Ridley,
Mat. Fl. Mai. Renins. II (1907) p. 72; J. J. Smith in Ann. Jard.
Bot. Buit. XXIV (2me. Serie. Vol. IX) (1911) p. 81; Ernst
and Bernard in Ann. I.e. p. 84; Ernst and Bernard in Ann,
Jard. Bot. Buit. XXV (2me. Série Vol. x) (1912) p. 161;
Ridley. Fl. Mai. Penins. IV (1924) p. 306; van Steenis in Trop!
Nat. XXIII (1934) p. 53; — Burmannia pseudoalata Champ.mss.
ex Thw. I.e.; — Burmannia tuberosa Becc.. Mai. I (1877) p. 245;
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. XXII (1890) p 334-
RidL. Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 72; J. J. Smith in Ann!
Jard. Bot. Buit. XXVIII (2me. Série, Vol. XIII) (1914) p. 99,
Taf. XIV; Bernard and Ernst in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. XXVIIl
(2me. Série. Vol. XIII) (1919) p. 102 and p. 121; Ridley. Fl.
Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 306; - Burmannia capitata non Mart.
Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo IV (1890) p. 23; ^Burmannia japo-
mca Maxim, ex Mak. in 111. Fl. Jap. In. 7 (1891) p. 4. pi.
XXXV; Ito in Mem. Work. Bot. Zool. I (1893) p. 14; Makino
in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XVII (1903) p. 6; - Burmannia Dalzieli

Rendle in Journ. Bot. XL (1902) p. 311, pi. 441B; — Burmannia
chionantha Schltr. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XLIX (1913) p. 107.

Erect, slender, white, saprophytic herbs, 2—18 cm high.
Rhizome mostly tuberous, up to 2 cm long, sometimes elongate,
covered with hairlike roots, producing small, adventitious tu-
bers. Stem simple, erect, beset with lanceolate, acute, appressed,
reduced, scalelike leaves, 1,5—4 mm long. Radical, rosulate
leaves lacking. Bracts acute, lanceolate, about 3 mm long.

Flowers subsessile, clustered at the top of the stem in a usual-
ly capitate inflorescence. Flowers seldom in bifid cymes. Inflo-
rescence 2 — 12-flowered. Flowers white, wingless, 3-costate,
5—12 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes erect, triangular, acute.
1—^2,5 mm long, with narrow, involute lateral lobes in the upper
part. Inner lobes erect, spathulate, rounded, slightly papillose
at the margin, about M mm long. Anthers sessile in the upper
part of the perianth-tube. Connective broadly oblong with a
median small point at the apex, apical point usually directed in-
wards. Apical crests of the connective indistinct, small, obtuse,
divergent to horizontal, basal hanging spur absent. Style thick-
filiform, bearing at its apex 3 subsessile funnel-shaped stigmas.
Style with stigmas about 3 mm long. Ovary elliptical to obo-
void, 2—3 mm long.

Type: Thwaites 2735 from Ceylon in herb. Peradynia, du-
plicates in herb. B; BM; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GÖTT; P;
P-DR; W.

Distribution: Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Southern China,
Japan, Malayan Archipelago.

Vernacular Names; Hinano-shakujo (Jap., according
to I to I.e.); Hinanoshakudyo (Jap., according to Ma kino

Karawite Kande (Holtermann s.n., fl. March [B]; Holtermann 767, fl.
Jun. [B]); Hewesse distr., Mandagale (Holtermann s.n., fl, March [B]J;

/K°°^ders 169, fl. Feb. [BZ]; coll.
wen sn f Xüa rR7nbsp;P^]; Docters v.' Leeu-

indig. 89 [L]; coll. indig. s.n., fl. Oct.quot;[BZ? c'lg) ' Mt! I'ntrlv^'quot;!!
Leuwdiang (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 5218 fl. Jun [BZ])- Pasir Honi.^W
of Leuwiliang (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 7876 fl Dec L11nbsp;' ^^

Raciborsky s.n. [BZ]; Backer 23498 [BZ]; van Steenis
ders 40363b [BZ]; Koorders 41666b, f Nov [BZ])

43. Burmannia micropetala Ridl. in Trans. Linn Soc 2nd
Ser. Vol. IX, Bot. (1916) p. 228.

simple, beset with acute or acuminate, 1-nerved, reduced, scale-
like leaves, often keeled, 2—5 mm long. Radical rosulate
leaves lacking. Inflorescence 3—8-flowered, flowers shortly
pedicellate, in contracted, bifid cymes, sometimes simulating
umbels. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved, about 4 mm
long. Pedicels up to 5 mm long, flowers Z-—9 mm long, very nar-
rowly 3-winged to 3-costate. Outer perianth-lobes triangular,
acute, about 2 mm long, with small, rounded, crenate lateral
lobes in the upper part. Inner perianth-lobes rather broad, about
0,5 mm long, broadly obovate, rounded, papillose at the mar-
gin. Perianth-tube cylindrical, about 3 mm long. Anthers with
oblong connective, acute at the base, with two divergent, acute,
apical crests. Style thick-filiform, branching at the apex into 3
very short branches, each bearing a funnel-shaped stigma with
two small apical points. Style with stigmas about 3 mm long.
Ovary ellipsoid, truncate, about 2,5 mm long. Flower-wings
very narrow, less than 0,5 mm broad, running from the upper
part of the limb to the base of the ovary.

Type: Boden Kloss s.n. from Netherl. New-Guinea (Camp
VIA) in herb. BM, duplicate in herb K.

Netherl. New Guinea, Utakwa Exped. (Wollaston Exped.), Camp
I (Kloss s.n. [BM]); Camp VIA (Kloss s.n., fl. Jan. [BM; K]); Mt.
Carstenz, Canoe Camp (Kloss s.n. [BM]); without precise locality (v.
Römer 829, fl. Nov. [BZ]).

British New Guinea, Palmer Riv., 2 miles below junction Black
Riv. (Brass 8779, fl. Aug. [Arnold Arbor., Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A.]).

Slender, erect, saprophytic herbs, 6—^14 cm high. Stem sim-
ple or branched, more or less fleshy, beset with appressed, lan-
ceolate, acute, 1-veined, often slightly keeled, scalelike leaves,
1,5—2 mm long. Basal rosulate leaves lacking. Bracts ovate-
lanceolate. acuminate, 1-veined, about 1,5 mm long. Stem or

branches 1-flowered or bearing 2—3 flowers at the apex. Flo-
wers about 5—7 mm long, prominently 3-winged. Outer pe-
rianth-lobes erect, triangular to ovate, obtuse, 1 — 1,5 mm long,
margin fleshy, swollen. Inner lobes lacking. Perianth-tube short,
cylindrical, about 2 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat, connective quadrangular with a broad, hanging, basal,
swollen, obtuse lobe and an apical, erect, papillose, obtuse
crest. Style about as long as the tube, bearing 3 subsessile,
funnel-shaped stigmas at the top.

Ovary subglobose, about 2 mm long and- 1,5—2 mm broad.
Flower-wings half-elliptical to half-orbiculate, about 4 mm long
and up to 2 mm broad. Capsule subglobose, about 2,5 mm long.
Seeds numerous, minute, scobiform.

45. Burmannia oblonga Ridl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc.
41 (1904) p. 33; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 72;
Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 305; — Burmannia bifida
Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 54 (4me Série T. VII) (1907)
p. 462; Gagnepain in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Ind.-Chine VI (1908)
p. 19; Merrill and Chun in Sunyatsenia II (1935) p. 212.

Erect, slender, annual, saprophytic herbs, 7—15 cm high.
Roots short, obtuse, swollen. Stem white, without chlorophyll,
fihform, simple or sometimes branched, stems or branches, 1—2-
flowered at the apex. Stem sparsely beset with small, reduced,
scalelike, appressed, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse leaves, about
1,5 mm long. Radical rosulate leaves lacking. Below the flower
2 lanceolate, scalelike bracts, about 2,5 mm long. Flowers
white, sometimes with yellow limb, erect, 8 — 10 mm long. Outer
perianth-lobes about 1,5 mm long, obtuse-bifid, margin papil-
lose in the upper half, in the lower half with two yellowish

bags insides; outer perianth-lobes with two involute, narrow,
triangular lateral lobes. Inner perianth-lobes lacking (according
to Ridley very short, blunt). Perianth-tube conical, 4—4,5
mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat, between the
perianth-lobes, yellow. Connective oblong, without apical crests
or basal hanging spur. Style thick-filiform, bearing at the apex
3 sessile, funnel-shaped, curved stigmas, style with stigmas
about 4,5 mm long. Ovary subglobose, 2,5—4 mm long. Flower-
wings 5—7,5 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, whitish, obovate,
truncate, running from the base of the limb to the base of the
ovary.

Type: King's collector (Kunsder) 2270 from Penang, in
herb. K. duplicate in herb. CA.

Selangor, Semankok Pass (Ridley 12)08, ex Ridley I.e.; Napier s.n.,
ex Ridley I.e.); Serapang track (Ridley s.n., fl. Apr. [BM]).

Penang, without precise locality (King's Collector (Kunstler) 2270,
fl. Aug. [CA; K]).

Ann am, prov. Kontum, Mam Ray (Poilane 18214, fl. Sept. [P]); Nhatranq
(Poilane 3410, fl. May [P]).

Laos, plateau de Boloven, between Phu Da Phuk and Se Noi (Poilane
15993, fl. Oct [P]).

Cambodge, Kam-chay Mts. (Geoffray 187, fl. Nov. [P], type of B.
bifida Gagnep.); Giaray (Chevalier 36455, fl. Sept. [P]).

Cochin-China, prov, Bien-hoa, China-Xhan Mts. (Pierre s.n., fl, Sept.
[K; P; U]).

46. Burmannia liukiuensis Hayata in Ic. PI. Formos. V (1915)
p. 211 — Burmannia coelestis non Don, Wright in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XXXVI (1903) p. 4; Matsamura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 1 (1905)

p. 234; — Cryptonema malaccensis non Turcz., Kranzlin in Engl.,
Bot. Jahrb. VI (1885) p. 55; Matsamura I.e.; — Burmannia ne-
palensis non Hook, f., Ito in Mem. (1893) p. 14, pl. II, t. 3—5;
Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XVII (1903) p. 7.

Erect, slender, annual herbs, 6—14 cm high. Stem filiform,
usually simple, only forked at the top into the inflorescence.
Basal rosulate leaves lacking, stem-leaves reduced to lanceolate,
small, acute, appressed scales, 1—2 mm long. Stem sometimes
1-flowered at, the apex, usually bearing a 3-flowered inflores-
cence. Bracts formed as the stem-scales. Flowers erect, about
4—5 mm long, pedicellate, narrowly 3-winged. Outer perianth-
lobes short, broadly triangular, obtuse, with thick, swollen
margin, 0,5—0,75 mm long. Inner lobes minute, thick, fleshy,
swollen, orbiculate. Perianth-tube conical, 1,5—2 mm long,
Anthers sessile in the upper part of the tube. Connective oblong,
with two short lateral arms, bearing the thecae, two crests at
the apex and a hanging, acutish, transparent spur at the base.
Connective with crests and spur T- or Y-shaped.

Style thick-filiform, bearing 3 sessile, curved, funnel-shaped
stigmas at its apex. Style with stigmas 1,5—2 mm long. Ovary
subglobose, 2—2,5 mm long and about 2 mm broad. Flower-
wings very narrow, hnear, running from the base of the limb to
the base of the ovary, decurrent along the basal ovary-half
about 4 mm long and up to 0,5 mm broad. Capsule subglobose!
crowned by the persistent perianth. Seeds numerous, linear-fu-
siform, with a rather long funiculus, acute at the other end.

Kiushiu, prov. Osumi, near village Tashiro (Tashiro s.n., fl. Oct. [W]);
prov. Hyuga (Ito s.n. [K]).

47. Burmannia Wallichii (Miers) Hook, f., Fl. Br. Ind. V
(1888) p. 666; Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXVI (1903)
p. 5; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 71; Gagnepain in
Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Ind.-Chin. VI (1908) p. 21; Ridley, Fl. Mai.
Pen. IV (1924) p. 305; Merrill and Chun in Sunyatsenia II
(1935) p. 212; Gonyanthes Wallichii Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. XVI1I(1841) p. 537; Bentham, Fl. Hongkong. (1861) p. 364;
—' Burmannia Griffithii Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 254; —
Burmannia spec., Griffith, Not. PI. As. Ill (1851) p. 236; Grif-
fith, Ic. PI. As. Ill (1851) pi. 272, f. II.

Small, slender, erect, annual, saprophytic herbs, 5,5 — 11 cm
high, without chlorophyll. Roots short, thick, obtuse. Stem erect,
simple, white or bluish, 1—2-flowered at the top. Radical, rosu-
late leaves lacking, stem sparsely beset with lanceolate-elliptical,
acute scales with distinct midnerve, sometimes keeled, about
2 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute, about 1,5 mm long and 0,5
mm broad. Flowers erect, shortly pedicellate, narrowly 3-
winged, about 6,5 mm. long, white or bluish. Outer perianth-
lobes obtuse-triangular, slightly 3-topped, erect, about 1 mm
long. Inner perianth-lobes minute, orbiculate, rounded. Tube
cylindrical, about 3 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat below the inner lobes. Connective oblong, without crests
at the apex, tapering towards the base into a short, transpa-
rent, hanging spur. Style thick-fihform, branching at the apex
into 3 very short branches, each bearing a bowl-shaped stigma.
Ovary obovoid, length about 2,5 mm. Flower-wings narrow,
linear, about 4,5 mm long and 0,5 mm broad.

Distribution: India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Siam.
Indo-China, Hongkong and perhaps Japan.

Madras, Coimbatore distr., Atamalai (Fischer 1460, fl Dec fCAl) ■
Nilgherries, Coonoor (Penny 14, fl. Feb. [P]).nbsp;i Jquot;

Kilaben (Wallich 399 = 2137, fl. Oct. [BM; G-DEL]); without precise
locality (Griffith 5592 [CA; P; W], type of B. Griffithii Becc.).

Doi Sootep, Chiengmai (Kerr 926, fl. Jan. [B; CA; K; P]); Kopah (Bur-
kill 2083 [K]).

Ann am, prov. of Darloc, between „La Poste du Lacquot; and B Dié fPoi-
lane 18573, fl. Oct. [P]).

Kiushiu, Prov. Satsuma, Kanoya (unknown collector s.n., fl. Oct. [SI
a doubtful specimen, but probably belonging to this species).

Erect, slender, annual, saprophytic herbs, 6—17 cm high.
Roots short, obtuse, swollen. Stem usually simple, sometimes
branched, without chlorophyll, white, forking at the apex into
the inflorescence. Basal, rosulate leaves lacking, stem beset
with reduced, scalelike, lanceolate to ovate, sometimes keeled,
acute scales, appressed or erect-patent, up to 4,5 mm long.
Inflorescence a double, few-flowered cincinnus, up to 15 mm
long. Bracts up to 6 mm long, of the same shape as the stem
scales. Flowers erect, about 10—12 mm long, white, with yel-
low limb, shortly pedicellate or subsessile, 3-winged, Outer
perianth-lobes ovate, acute, about 2 mm long. Inner ones almost

lacking. Perianth tube rather short, 2—3 mm long, cylindrical.
Anthers sessile in the perianth-mouth, between the perianth-
lobes. Connective oblong to quadrangular with two very short,
obtuse crests and a small, conical process at the apex, without
hanging spur at the base. Style thick-filiform, branching at the
apex into 3 very short branches, each bearing a bowl-shaped
stigma with prominent margin. Style with stigmas 3—4 mm
long, reaching the middle of the limb. Ovary obovoid, longer
than the perianth-tube, about 5 mm long. Flower-wings half-
cuneate, rather narrow, about 7 mm long and 1,5 mm broad,
decurrent along the lower part of the ovary, running from the
base of the limb to the base of the ovary. Capsule obovoid,
about 6 mm long, crowned by the persistent perianth, dehis-
cing irregularly. Seeds numerous, fusiform, very small, yellow,
ferrugineous towards the top.

(1888) p. 665; — Burmannia coelestis non Don, Fischer in
Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras III. viii (1928) p. 1399.

Stem usually simple, only branched at the top into the inflo-
rescence, 1—5-flowered, beset with small, reduced, scalelike,
lanceolate, acute leaves, 2—S mm long. Larger leaves often
acuminate or subulate, sometimes imbricate in the lower stem
part. Radical, rosulate leaves lacking. Bracts similar to the stem
scales, about 3 mm long. Flowers white or white with yellow
or blue, 6—10 mm long, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-
lobes about 2 mm long, obovate, obtuse, thick and fleshy in the
upper part. Inner lobes erect, linear to oblanceolate, obtuse,
almost 1 mm long. Perianth-tube cylindrical, slightly swollen in
the upper part, about 4 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-
throat below the inner lobes. Connective oblong with two
apical, acute, divergent crests, basal hanging spur lacking.
Style filiform, bearing at its apex 3 subsessile, obconical to
funnel-shaped stigmas. Style with stigmas about 4 mm long.
Ovary obconical to obovoid, about 2,5 mm long. Flower-wings
5—8 mm long and up to 4,5 mm broad, half-rhomboid to half-
cuneate, running from the base of the limb to below the base
of the ovary.

50. Burmannia lutescens Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 246;
— Burmmnia Candida (Bl.) Engl, in Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pfl.
Fam. II. 6 (1889) p. 50; J. J. Smith in Ann. Jard. Buit. XXIV
(2me. Série, IX) (1911) p. 79; Ernst and Bernard in Ann. Jard.
Bot. Buit. XXIV (2me. Série. IX) (1911) p. 84; Koorders, Exk.
Fl. Jav. I (1911) p. 344; v. Steenis in Trop. Nat. XXII (1933)

p. 232; V. Steenis in Trop. Nat. XXIII (1934) p. 53; —
— Burmannia gracilis Ridl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. XXII
(1890) p. 335; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 71; Ridl.,
Fl. Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 305; — Burmannia papulosa Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd. Ser., Vol. IV, Bot. (1894) p. 232; —
Burmannia novae-hiberniae Schltr. in Schum. und Lauterbach,
Nachtr. Fl. D. Schutzgeb. (1905) p. 73; Schlechter in Engl.,
Bot. Jahrb. XLIX (1913) p. 107; — Burmannia Wallichii non
Hook, f., Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 72; Ridley,
Fl. Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 305; — Burmannia Gjellerupii J. J. S.
in Fedde, Rep, X (1912) p. 487; — Burmannia gonyantha Hochr.
in Candollea II (1925) p. 325; — Gonyanthes Candida Bl., Enum.
PI. Jav. I (1827) p. 29; Blume in Cat. Buitenz. (1823) p. ???;
Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1841) p. 537; Miquel, Fl.
Ned. Ind. Ill (1855) p. 615.

Annual, erect, saprophytic herbs, up to 23 cm high. Stem
usually thickly filiform, erect, often rather robust and fleshy,
simple or branched, one-flowered or forked at the apex into
the inflorescence-branches. Radical rosulate leaves lacking.
Stem-leaves scalelike, lanceolate to ovate, acute, 1—3,5 mm
long. Bracts lanceolate to ovate, often keeled and carinate,
about 2—3 mm long and up to 2 mm broad. Flowers solitary at
the top of the stem or in a bifid cincinnus, up to 11-flowered, in-
florescence-branches up to 3 cm long. Flowers erect, pedicel-
late, white, sometimes with yellowish limb, seldom bluish, about
8,5 mm long, 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes erect, ovate or
triangular, obtusely apiculate, margin thickened, fleshy, about
1,5 mm long. Inner lobes minute, fleshy, orbiculate. Perianth-
tube trigonous, about 2,5 — 5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the
perianth-throat. Connective truncate, rounded at the base, with
two lateral arms, bearing the thecae, sligtly 2-lobed at the apex
into 2 very short, papillose, sometimes almost lacking crests,
basal hanging spur lacking. Style thick, fleshy, bearing 3 sub-
sessile, funnel-shaped to bowl-shaped stigmas at the apex. Style
with stigmas about as long as the tube. Ovary subglobose

or truncate-globose, length and breadth about 3—5 mm. Flo-
wer-wings very variable in size, often linear, very narrow
(B. lutescens, B. novae-hiberniae, B. Gjellerupii), or elliptical, or
rather broad, half-cuneate or quadrangular (B. gracilis), running
from the base of the limb to the base of the ovary, sometimes
from the base of the limb to the middle of the ovary and nar-
rowly decurrent along the lower part of the ovary. Capsule
subglobose, dehiscing with large horizontal splits, crowned by
the conical, dried perianth.

Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
New Guinea, New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg).

Welles! ey PuIu Pinang (Haniff and Nur 4025, fl. Dec. [BZ; CA;
KJ; Curtis s.n. [B; Wj).nbsp;'

(Curtis 2950, fl. Sept. [BM; CA; K], type
fl NofTK])nbsp;Langkawi, Selat Panchor (Henderson 21381,

Jacobson s.n., fl. Feb. [BM]); Boekit Batoe (JaUson s.n , fl. Nov [Bzf)
Ranau lake, Mt. Pesaqi (v Steenis ^fifi';' fl
(V. Steenis 3846, fl. Nov. [B^) M W of rSI
lake (v.d Pijl 352, fl. May [BZ]).nbsp;^ quot; '

Benkoelen, Liwa (de Voogd 48, fl. Dec. [BZ])
Lampong Distr., without precise locality (v Andel sn fBZl 1
'Burck s.n. [BZ]; Korthat si [L]; ^^^^^^

PZ], Bakhuuen v. d. Brink 697, fl. Apr. [BZ]; v. Steenis 138, fl. Dec. [BZ]-
Docters v. Leeuwen-Reynvaan 8278, fl. Feb. [BZ]; Giesenhagen s.n., f

Jan. [M]; Bernard s.n. [BZ]; Raciborski s.n. [BZ]; Blume s.n. [L], type of
Gonyanthes Candida Bl.; coll. indig. s.n. [BZ; GRO]; coll. indig. 91 [L];
coll. indig. 56 [B]); Mt. Karang Gantoegan (Backer 6277, fl. Dec. [BZ]);
Sitoehiang, S of Leuwiliang (d'Arnaud Gerkens D27, fl. Jun. [BZ]); Mt.
Soenarari (Backer 6338, fl. Jan. [BZ]); Wanajasa (Bakhuizen v.d. Brink
4644, fl. Jul. [BZ;L]); Mt. Gedeh near Djasinga (Backer 10126, fl. Nov.
[BZ]); S of Djasinga (Backer 10252, fl. Nov. [BZ]); Pasir Koempoel near
Nirmala (Backer 11019, fl. Dec. [BZ]; near Buitenzorg (Nongnong s.n., fl.
Feb. [BZ]; Sanggaboewana (Backer 23797 [BZ]).

Preanger, Tjikidang (Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 1461, fl. Feb. [BZ; L];
Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 3293, fl. March [BZ]); Mt. Beser (Backer 22694, fl.
Jun. [BZ]); id., Tjibeber (Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 1354, fl. Sept. [BZ]; Winckel
906b, fl. Apr. [BZ]; Winckel s.n., fl. Apr. [L]); Mt. Pangerango, Pasir
Dator (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 30, fl. Jun. [BZ; L]); Tjibadak (Bakhuizen
v. d. Brink 3126, fl, Jan. [BZ]); Mt. Limo near Poentjak (v. Steenis 5616,
fl. Sept. [BZ]); Ondern. Tjigoea (Backer 15130, fl. Jul. [BZ]); Posowahan
(Docters v. Leeuwen s.n. [BZ]); Mt. Toegoe near Tjampaka (Smith 875,
fl, Jun. [BZ; L]); Soekanegara (v.d. Pijl 506, fl. Jun. [BZ]); Pasir Walang,
Mt. Tjikoraj near Nanggerang (Backer 8739, fl, Aug, [BZ]); Mt. Tjiparaj,
S of Mt. Gedeh (Backer 15036, fl. Jul. [BZ]).

Semarang, Mt, Oengaran (Docters v. Leeuwen-Reynvaan 2189, fl,
Jun. [BZ]; v. Slooten s.n., fl. Jun. [BZ]).

Without locality (Korthals s.n. [L]; v. Steenis 2316 [BZ]; Blume
s.n. [B; L]; Koorders 39666b, fl, March [BZ]; Backer 6213 [BZ]; Scheffer
s.n, [BZ]; Backer 14027 [BZ]; Valeton s.n. [BZ]; Koorders 39663b, fl.
March [BZ]; Wanapara, near Tjisarap (v, Slooten 478, fl. Jul. [BZ]).

Sarawak, Sarawak Riv., Santubong (Haviland 168, fl. Jun. [K]); Dulit
(Richards 1379, fl. Aug. [K]); Ulu Koyan (Synge S507, fl. Sept. [K]; Mt.
Mattang (Beccari 1505, fl. May [FI]); without precise locality (coll. indig.
2509 [NY]; Beccari 17016 [BZ]).

British N. Borneo, Penibuken (Clemens 32192, fl. March [BZ]);
Kinabalu (Clemens s.n. [BZ]); id., near Penokok (Haviland 13293 [K], type
of B. papillosa Stapf).

Netherl. Borneo, B. Batoe Ajoh (Jaheri 1656 [BZ]); Mt. Damoes
(Hallier 548 [BZ]); Semedoem (Hallier 771 [BZ]); Mt. Klam (Hallier 2333
[BZ]); Mt. Kenepai (Hallier 1808 and 1809 [BZ]); Tabalong (Gandrup 27,
fl. Apr. [BZ]); Long Sele (Schlechter 13461, fl. Aug. [B]); without locality
(Endert 2631 [BZ]).

Nether 1. New Guinea, Cycloop Mts. (Gjellerup 479, fl. Jun. [BZ],
type of B. Gjellerupii J. J. S.).

British New Guinea, Gomadjidji (Schlechter 19345, fl. May [B;
BR; K; M; P]; Schlechter 19741, fl. Jun. [B]); Etappenberg (Ledermann
9192, fl. Oct. [B]); Lordberg, camo 19 (Ledermann 9855, fl. Nov. [B]);
Fly Riv. (Brass 6803, fl. May [Arnold Arbor., Jamaica Plain (Mass.)
U.S.A.]).

New Ireland (Neu M e c k 1 e n b u r g), near Punam (Schlechter
14637, fl. Jul. [B], type of B. novae-hibevniae Schltr.),

Erect, slender, annual, saprophytic herbs, 5,8—8 cm high.
Stem simple, usually one-flowered, rarely bearing two flowers

) Burmannia malasica Jonk., n.sp. ^ Herba annua, saprophytica, sim-
plex vel ramosa, 5,8—8 cm alta. Folia basalia rosulata nulla, folia caulina
sparsa, minora, lanceolata, subacuta, subcarinata, uninervia, sqamaeformia,
1,5—2 mm longa. Bracteae ellipticae, acuminatae, uninerviae, fere 1,5 mm
longae. Mores terminales, fere 5 mm longi. Lobi perianthii exteriores trian-
plares, apiculati vel acuminati, fere 1 mm longi, marginibus incrassatis.
Lobi interiores membranacei, lanceolato-ovati, obtusi, fere 0,5 mm longi.
Tubus perianthii brevis, cylindricus, fere 1,5 mm longus. Antherae sessiles,
lobis interioribus oppositae, connectivo obtriangulare vel subquadrato, basi
obtuso ecalcarato, cristis 2, divergentibus, brevibus. Stylus cylindricus, stig-
matibus 3, mfundibuliformibus, sessilibus. Ovarium subglobosum vel ellip-
soideum, fere 2,5 mm longum et 2 mm latum. Alae semi-orbiculatae vel late
semi-elhpticae, fere 4 mm longae et usque ad 2 mm latae.

Hab : Borneo et Siam australis. Typus: Winkler 3194 (Borneo neerl.) in
herb. Berolinense.

at the apex. Basal, rosulate leaves lacking. Stem beset with few
small, scalelike, appressed, subacute, lanceolate leaves, one-
veined, more or less keeled, 1,5—2 mm long. Bracts elliptical,
acuminate, 1-veined, about 1,5 mm long. Flowers erect, pro-
minently 3-winged, purple or white with yellow limb, about
5 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes triangular with thick, fleshy,
swollen margin, acuminate to apiculate at the apex, about 1 mm
long. Inner lobes membranous, erect, lanceolate-ovate, obtuse,
about 0,5 mm long. Perianth-tube cylindrical, rather short,
about 1,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat. Con-
nective obtriangular, obtuse at the base, bearing two short,
divergent crests at the apex. Basal, hanging connective-spur
lacking. Style cylindrical to thick-filiform, bearing at its apex
3 sessile, funnel-shaped stigmas with thick margin. Ovary sub-
globose to elliptical, about 2,5 mm long and 2 mm broad. Flo-
wer-wings half-orbiculate to half-elliptical, about 4 mm long
and up to 2 mm broad, running from the base of the limb to
below the base of the ovary, slightly decurrent. Capsule ellip-
tical to obovoid, dehiscing with a transversal split. Seeds
numerous, minute, scobiform to fusiform.

Netherl. Borneo, SE Borneo, between Soemo Sibak and Benangm
(Winkler 3194, fl. Aug. [Bl).

52. Burmannia Itoana Mak. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVII
(1913) p. 1; — Burmannia Wallichii non Hook, f., Merrill and
Chun in Sunyatsenia II (1935) p. 212.

Erect, slender, annual, saprophytic herbs, 4 — 13 cm high.
Stem simple or branched, purplish, without chlorophyll, bearing

at the apex 1 or 2 shortly pedicellate flowers. Basal, rosulate
leaves lacking, stem beset with reduced, lanceolate to ovate
scalelike leaves, up to 2,5 mm long. Bracts of equal length and
shape as the leaves. Flowers erect, purplish, about 9—10 mm
long, 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes ovate-triangular obtuse
erect, with broad, thick fleshy margin, about 1,5 mm long. Inner
penanth-lobes minute, orbiculate, fleshy, glandular, papillose at
the margin. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 4-5 mm long. Anthers
sessile in the perianth-throat below the inner lobes. Connective
oblong with 2 short lateral arms, bearing the thecae. A horizon-
tal, retuse to emarginate roof at the connective-apex, as broad
as the anther; at the base a median, hanging, obtuse spur.
Whole anther T-shaped. Style thick-filiform, bearing at its
apex 3 subsessile. curved, funnel-shaped, shortly appendaged
stigmas. Style with stigmas about 5 mm long. Ovary subglobose
about 2 mm long. Flower-wings rather narrow, half-spathulate'
obcordate. 5-5.5 mm long and about 1 mm broad. Capsule
subglobose dehiscing by a horizontal split. Seeds numerous,
minute, oblong, yellow, brownish towards the top.

Vernacular N a m e s; Ruri-shakudyo. Yayeyama-
shakudyo (Jap., according to M a k i n o).

LIU KIU ISLANDS.
^ Okinawa, Nago-mura in Kunchan-gori (Nakano s.n., fl. Aug., ex M a k i n o

53. Burmannia nepalcnsis (Miers) Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind.
V (1888) p. 666; Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXVl (1903)
p. 4; Gagnepain in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Ind.-Chin. VI (1908)
p. 21; — Burmannia Clementis Schltr. in Phil. Journ. Sc. I Suppl.
(1906) p. 305; — Gonyanthes nepalensis Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. XVIII (1841) p. 537, t. 38, f. 1; — Cyanotis nepalensis Miers
in Wallich, Cat. (1849) n. 9006.

Small, slender, erect, annual, saprophytic herbs, 3 — 11 cm
high, without chlorophyll. Roots short, obtuse. Stem simple,
1—2-flowered or forking at the apex into a bifid cyme. Radical,
rosulate leaves lacking, stem sparsely beset with elliptical,
appressed, obtuse or acute scales, up to 3 mm long, with pro-
minent midnerve. Inflorescence sometimes a double cincinnus,
up to 5-flowered, stem usually 1 —2-flowered at the apex. Below
the single flower two opposite, lanceolate bracts, one bearing
the flower in its axil, the other bearing a small flower-bud.
Flower erect, shortly pedicellate, prominently 3-winged, 3—6,5
mm long, white, often tinged with yellow, rarely bluish. Outer
perianth-lobes triangular with involute rounded lateral lobes
with thick margin, 0,5—1,5 mm long.

Inner lobes smaller, obovate-rhomboid, up to 0,5 mm long.
Perianth-tube conical, 1,5—3 mm long. Anthers sessile in the
perianth-throat below the inner lobes. Connective oblong, with
two divergent crests at the apex, tapering towards the base
into a hanging, subacute spur. Style thick-filiform, bearing at
the apex 3 sessile, obconical, funnel-shaped stigmas. Style with
stigmas up to 2,5 mm long. Ovary subglobose, 1—2 mm long.
Flower-wings rather broad, half-orbiculate, truncate to obcor-
date at the apex, 2—5 mm long and 1—3 mm broad, running
from the base of the limb to the base of the ovary. Capsule
subglobose, dehiscing with horizontal splits. Seeds numerous,
fusiform.

Khasia hills (Kurz s.n. [CA]; unknown collector 45912, fl Oct [W]-
Hooker and Thomson s.n. [B; BM; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH- GÖTT-
L; M; P; P-DR; S; U; W]); id., near Laitanghot (Collet 42, fl. Aug. [CA]):
Cherra-Punji (unknown collector 55 [CA]).nbsp;'

Cambodge, Phu-quoc (Godefroy 848, fl. Nov [K- PI)
Cochin-China, Ti-Tinh (Thorel 1409 [P]);' Dinh-quan prov of
Dec..[P]); Hui-diuh,'Uv. of Bä-riaTPoilane
648, fl. Oct. [P; U]); without locaüty (Pierre s.n. [B; BZ; CA; K; NY; P]).

Erect, unbranched, saprophytic herbs, 5-13,5 cm high.
Stem very stiff, rather thick, beset with thornlike leaves, 0,5—
1,5 mm long, scalelike,

more or less patent, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, with prominent midvein and two weak lateral veins.

1) Burmannia stricta Jonk., n.sp. - Herba annua, saprophytica 5-13 5
cm alta, caule stricto 1-2-floro. Folia basalia rosulata nulll folia cau-
Ima squamaeformia, lanceolata, acuminata, 0,5-1,5 mm longa, promi-
nenter uninervia nervis lateralibus 2 indistinctis. Flores subsessiles, 6-11
.B-^^^'fae lanceolatae, obtusae, fere 1 mm longae.
hn, in^ ?nbsp;1 mm longi, apice acuti, margini-

Antherae sessiles ad bases loborum interiorum. Connectivum subquadratum,
basi acutum, calcaratum, cristis 2, obtusis, divergentibus. Stylus cylindrico
OvaTZ'nbsp;3. sessilibus, subcurvatis. inWibuIiforLbus ristquot;üs.

fll'PSOideum, truncatum, 2,5-3,5 mm longum. Alae semi-ellip-
'T?®' quot;T' 2 mm latae. Capsula ellipsoidea vel
Habnbsp;^^^ longa^ Semina numerosa, minuta, Lobiformia.

Bracts lanceolate, obtuse, about 1 mm long. Stem 1- or 2-flo-
wered at the apex. Flowers subsessile, 6—-11 mm long, promi-
nently 3-winged. Outer perianth-lobes erect, acute, triangular,
margin involute, not fleshy, about 1 mm long. Inner ones linear

acute, about 0,5 mm long, not fleshy. Perianth-tube cylindrical,
3—4 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat, just below
the inner perianth-lobes. Connective with two divergent, ob-
tuse crests at the apex and two short, lateral arms, bearing the
thecae, tapering at the base into an acute, hanging spur. Style
thick-filiform, as long as the tube, bearing at its apex 3 sessile.

slightly curved, funnel-shaped, cristate stigmas. Ovary ellip-
soid. truncate. 2.5-3,5 mm long. Flower-wings half-elliptical,
membranous, up to 2 mm broad, 5-10 mm long, running from
the base of the limb to the base of the ovary, decurrent along
the very short pedicel. Capsule ellipsoid to obovoid, up to 5

Type: Meebold 12337 from South India. Cochin, in herb.
BRSL. duplicates in herb. B and CA.

Cochin, Kavalay (Meebold 12337, fl. Nov. [B; BRSL; CA]).
55. Burmannia Steenisii Jonk.. nov. spec.

Erect, annual, delicate, saprophytic herbs, only 2-6 cm
high. Stem usually simple, sometimes branched, stem or bran-
ches 1-2-flowered at the apex. Radical, rosulate leaves
ackmg, stem-leaves reduced to few. more or less appressed.
lanceolate, keeled, acute scales, about 0.5-1.5 mm long. Below
each flower one or two lanceolate, acute, l-veined bracts, about
1,5 mm long. Flowers erect, about 6 mm (3-7 mm) long, pure
white with yellow limb. Outer perianth-lobes erect, trianglr
subobtuse. with narrow, fleshy, swollen margin, about 1 mm

riores minuti, orbicula i, otundquot;d tZ,'. 'quot;^''a'^'bus incrassatis. Lobi inte-
trigono-conicus. fere 2,5 mm lonnus AnAenbsp;trigono-cylindricus vel

apice bicristatis, basi calcSa is Ch.^p ^ connectivis quadrangularibus,
obtuso. Stylus crassus. sd»bus 3 sessiUbr^'f

vel semi-quadrangulares, fere 4,5 mmquot;onaae etT^ °°^ alae semi-ellipticae
bosa, transversaliter dehiscens S^mi,^^ nf 'nbsp;^quot;^glo-

Hab.: Java orientahs! Pasoe;oean in mZeT^' 'quot;«uta, scobiformia.
dis 10686 in herb. Bogoriensenbsp;Lamongan. Typus: van Stee-

long. Inner perianth-lobes minute, orbiculate, rounded.
Perianth-tube cylindrical-trigonous to conical-trigonous, about
2,5 mm long. Anthers sessile in the perianth-throat below the
inner perianth-lobes. Connective quadrangular with two short,

thick, straight, divergent, obtuse crests at the apex and a
rather broad, hanging, obtuse spur at the base. Style thick-
filiform, bearing 3 sessile, slightly curved, bilabiate, funnel-
shaped stigmas at the top, stigma-lips rounded-bilabiate. Ovary
subglobose, about 2 mm long. Flower-wings pure white, half-
elliptical or shghtly angular, half-quadrangular, about 4,5 mm
long and 1,5 mm broad, running from the base of the limb to
the base of the ovaiy. Capsule subglobose, dehiscing with
transversal splits. Seeds numerous, minute, scobiform.

56. Burmannia candelabrum Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.
54 (4me Série T. VIII) (1907) p. 462; — Burmannia Candida
non Griff., Hooker f., Fl. Br. Ind. V (1888) p. 665; — Bur-
mannia coelestis non Don, Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Pres. jVla-
dras III. viii (1928) p. 1399.

Erect, annual, slender, saprophytic herbs, 10—25 cm high.
Stem simple or branched. Basal, rosulate leaves lacking, stem-
leaves reduced to scattered, lanceolate, acute, appressed scales,
about 1—3,5 mm long. Stem sometimes 1-flowered, often bea-
ring a branched, few-flowered inflorescence at the top. Inflo-
rescence-branches curved like the arms of a candelabre, each
bearing one erect flower. Bracts of the same shape as the stem-
scales, about 2—3 mm long. Flowers 6—9 mm long, prominent-
ly 3-winged, usually blue. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, rounded,
with a thick, fleshy bag on the inner side parallel to the margin.
Inner lobes small, lanceolate, thick, fleshy, about 0,5 mm long.
Perianth-tube cylindrical, very short, about 2 mm long. Anthers
sessile in the perianth-throat, rather small. Connective oblong
with two lateral arms, bearing the thecae, two apical, acute, di-
vergent crests and an almost filiform, acute, basal spur. Style
short, thick, filiform to cylindrical, bearing at its apex 3 obconi-
cal, funnel-shaped, sessile stigmas. Ovary obovoid to clavate,
longer than the perianth-tube, 3—6 mm long. Flower-wings
rather broad, half-obovate to half-orbicular, 5 —10 mm long and
2—3 mm broad, blue, purplish or white, running from the base
of the limb to the base of the ovary.

Type: Griffith 5598 from East Bengal in herb. P, duplicates
in herb. CA; K and W.

Khasia hills (Clarke 15690, fl. Oct. [K]; Oldham 8 pp. [CA]; Oldham s.n.
[CA]; Griffith s.n. [BM; CA; G-BOIS; GH; K]); id., near Laitangkot (Col-
let 47, fl. Aug. [CA]); id., near Maniloo (Clarke 15823, fl. Oct. [BM; W|;
Clarke 45427, fl. Oct. [K; W]); id., near Kohong Rock (Clarke 15417, fl.
Nov. [CA]); Boga Pani (Clarke 44884, fl. Oct. [K]); Kullong (unknown
collector s.n., fl. Oct. [K]); Churra (unknown collector 2114, fl. Aug. [K]).

East Bengal, without precise locality (Griffith 5598 [CA; K; P; W];
Griffith 5597 [B; BRSL; G-BOIS; GÖTT; K; L; M; NY; P; S; W]).

Canara, N Canara (Talbot 800, fl. Dec. [CA]; id., near Soopa (Tal-
bot 1376, fl. Jun. [CA; K[).
Malabar, Karimalai (Fischer 1632, fl. Jan. [K]).
Cochin (Thustone s.n. [K]).

SOUTHERN INDIA (LOCALITY UNKNOWN).
Annamallay (Wight (2938) fl. Dec. [CA; GH; K; NY; L]); Upper Pa-
lues (Fischer 3032, fl. Sept. [K]); Savantvadi (Dalgado 3, fl. Dec.—Jan.
[K]); Ponirang (unknown collector s.n., fl. Sept. [K]); „Indiaquot; (Ritchie
1464, fl. Dec. [G-BOIS; GH]).

Erect, slender, saprophytic herbs, 10—23 cm high. Stem
filiform, simple, only branching at the top into the inflorescence-
branches. Stem-leaves appressed, scalelike, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, 1—4 mm long. Radical leaf-rosette lacking. Bracts

1) Burmannia indica Jonk., nov. .sp. — Herba annua, saprophytica, erecta,
10—23 cm alta, caulibus filiformibus. Folia basalia rosulata nulla, folia cau-
lina squamaeformia, adpressa, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, 1—4 mm longa.
Bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, 1—2,5 mm longae. Flores subsessiles, purpu-
rascentes, 9—18 mm longi, basi bibracteati, erecti, in cincinnos geminos pau-
cifloros confer« vel solitarii. Lobi perianthii exteriores triangulares, acuti,
1—2 mm longi, marginibus incrassatis. Lobi interiores lineares, acuti, m-
crassad, 0,5—1 mm longi. Antherae connectivis trapeziformibus, apice bi-
cristatis, basi calcaratis. Cristae curvatae, divergentes, calcare obtuso.
crassus, stigmatibus 3, sessilibus, curvatis, infundibuliformibus, subbilabiatis.
Tubus perianthii trigono-cylindricus. Ovarium ellipsoideum vel obovoideum,
truncatum, 1,5—4 mm longum. Alae purpureae, semi-oblanceolatae, 7—1/

lanceolate, acute, 1—2,5 mm long. Stem 1-flowered at the top
or bearing a 3—5-flowered, bifid cincinnus, Flowers subsessile.

purplisli, 9-18 mm long, prominently 3-winged. Outer perianth-
lobes erect, triangular, acute, 1-2 mm long, with thick, swollen
margin. Margin not double and not involute. Inner lobes linear,

acute, 0,5—1 mm long, thick, swollen. Anthers sessile in the
perianth-throat, connective trapeziform with two divergent,
obtuse, curved, apical crests and a rather thick, basal, hanging,
obtuse spur. Style bearing at its apex 3 sessile, curved, funnel-
shaped, subbilabiate stigmas. Style with stigmas 5 — 10 mm long.
Ovary ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate, 1,5—4 mm long. Flower-
wings purphsh, half-elliptical or half-oblanceolate, slightly cor-
date at the top, running from the base of the limb to the base
of the ovary and decurrent along the very short pedicel. Wings
7—\1 mm long and 1,5—4 mm broad. Capsule obovoid or obco-
nical, up to 7 mm long, dehiscing with transverse sphts. Seeds
numerous, very small, scobiform, slightly curved, yellowish.

Saprophytic herbs with 3 stamens and a 1-celled ovary
with 3 parietal placentas.

b. Perianth-limb persistent. Seeds linear or sublinear,
seldom ellipsoid. Ovary without placenta-glands...' 3

b. Capsule dehiscing irregularly at the top or with irre-
gular transversal splits. Funicles almost lacking......

h. Filaments and crescent-shaped sacks lacking. Anthers
subsessile in the perianth-throat ................... 5

b. Filaments wingless. Perianth-lobes 3, inner ones
lacking. Ovary crowned by 3 stipitate glands inside
the perianth-tube .................. 7. Marthella, p. 212

b. Flowers not constricted, in umbelliform inflorescen-
ces. On the top of the ovary, inside the perianth-tube,
3 sessile, subglobose glands ... 9. Miersiella, p. 218

Erect, saprophytic, colourless herbs. Stem glabrous, terete,
simple or branched, 1-flowered or bearing a few-flowered bifid
inflorescence at the top. Rhizome beset with imbricate scales
and short, hairlike rootlets. Leaves scalelike, small. Flowers
subsessile. Perianth 6-lobed, outer lobes longer than the inner
ones, erect. Stamens sessile below the inner perianth-lobes.
Ovary with 3 parietal placentas; in the upper part of the ovary,
on both sides of each placenta, a rather large, globular gland.
Funicles long, as long as or longer than the seeds. Style fili-
form, branched in the upper part into 3 short branches, each
bearing a stigma without long appendages, but with hornlike
processes. Limb of the perianth, after flowering, deciduous just
below the stamens. Perianth-tube persistent on the fruit. Cap-
sule triangular in transversal section, dehiscing in longitudinal
direction in the upper side of the capsule, dehisced fruit vessel-
shaped. Seeds ovoid, obtuse-acuminate at the side of the funi-
cle, with a loose, reticulate testa.

Distribution; 2 species, one of them once collected in
British Guiana, the other species known from the West-Indian
Islands, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil.

1. Cymbocarpa réfracta Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. I
(1840) p. 62; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1841)
p. 544 and tab. 38 f. 4; Seubert in Mart., Flor. Bras III. 1
(1847) p. 60; Karst. in Linnaea XXVIII (1856) p. 423; Urb.
in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 446; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep.

XVII (1921) p. 258; Urb. in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 258;
Urb. in Fedde, Rep. XX (1924) p. 298; Urb. in Ark. f. Bot.
20A n. 15 (1926) p. 14; — Cymbocarpa Urbani Goeb. et Suessg.
in Flora n. F. XVII (1924) p. 77; v. d. Pijl in Rec. Trav. Bot.
Neerl. XXXI (1934) p. 761 etc.; - Gymnosiphon refractus
(Miers) Benth. et Hook., Gen. Plant. III. 2 (1883) p. 458;
Johow in Pringsh., Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot. XX (1889) p. 475 etc.
and Taf. 19, Fig. 3; — Ptychomeria tenella non Benth. Gris.,
Cat. Cub. (1866) p. 257.

Plants 5—16 cm high. Stem erect, glabrous, terete, simple or
branched in the upper part, white or yellowish-white, bearing
1—3 flowers or a double cincinnus at the apex. Leaves small,
scalelike, ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Root-scales imbricate,
acute or acuminate. 1—2.5 mm long. Flowers sessile or short-
pedicellate. white, complete flower about 7 or 8 mm long. Pe-
rianth 6-lobed. lobes acute, outer lobes longer, about 2 mm
long, inner lobes smaller, about 0.5 mm long. Perianth-tube
just below the limb often swollen. Anthers sessile in the swol-
len part below the inner perianth-lobes. Connective broad.
Style filiform, the 3 style-branches short. Stigmas round with
lobed margin and on the upper surface two longer and two
shorter, shghtly curved, acute horns. Ovary deltoid, 1 5-3 mm
long. Placentas with large glands. Funicles very long, the same
length as the mature seed or longer. Maturing ovary elongate.
Capsule rather long, vessel-formed when dehisced. Cleft-mar-
gins curled outwards. Seeds with reticulate, elongate testa. -
Saprophyte on decaying roots and leaves.

Distribution; West-Indian Islands. Costa Rica. Co-
lombia. Venezuela and Brazil.

S; US; W]); Monte Libanon (Wright 29?, fl. Sept. [GÖTT]); Loma
Cardero, Pico Turquino [Nucker 31, fl. Oct. [NY]); without locality
(Wright 30? [S]).

Santiago de Cuba, Sierra Maestra, Jaquarito Mts. (Norman Tay-
lor 545, fl. Sept. [NY]).

Rep. Haiti, Masif du Nord near St. Louis du Nord, between M.
Chavary and Haut-Piton (Ekman H. 4725, fl. Aug. [B]); id., near Bayeux
(Ekman H. 2866, fl. Jul. [B]).

San Domingo, Cordillera Central, Prov. de Azua, San Juan, Loma
la Vieja, near Arraoya de la Vieja (Ekman H. 13420, fl. Aug. [B]).

Talamanca, Haute Talamanca, between Ukatschka and Bruschik
(Pittier 12707, fl. Sept. [US]).

Carabobo, San Estaban near Puerto Cubello, road from San Estaban
to Cumbre de San Hilaire (Goebel s.n. [M], type of C. Urbani Goeb. et
Suessg.).

Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado (Miers s.n., fl. March [B; BM; G-BOIS;
G-DEL; K]); Serra do Pamandua. Sta. M. Magdalena (Santos Lima 286,
fl. March [R; U]; Tijuca (Ule 4001, fl. March [B]); without locality
(Glaziou 18561 [B; K; P]).

Sao Paulo, Ribeira Riv., Pariqueira Mirim (Brade 5733, fl. Jun. [S]);
Alto da Serra, Estacào Biologica (Smith 2020, fl. Feb. [GH]).

60.

Plant 6—18 cm high, yellowish-white. Stem simple or bran-
ched, bearing at the apex 2 or 3 flowers or a double cincinnus,
consisting of 5 or 7 flowers. Leaves, rootstock, root-scales,
flower-limb, anthers, style and stigmas as in the preceding spe-
cies. Perianth-tube with a ring of 3 prominent sacks at the base.
Flowers creamy-white, sessile or subsessile. Capsule to 4 mm
long, dehiscing as in the preceding species, vessel-formed when
dehisced.

BRITISH GUIANA.
^^Essequibo Riv., Moraballi Creek, near Bartica (Sandwith 132, fl. Aug.

Annual, erect, saprophytic herbs. Stem simple or branched,
3—many.flowered. mostly bearing at the top a double cincinnus,'
rarely 1-flowered. Leaves small, sessile, ovate or lanceolate-
ovate, scalehke. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, perianth
consisting of a tubular part and a .6-lobed limb. Outer perianth-
lobes ovate, much larger than the inner lobes. Stamens 3 in-
serted below the inner perianth-lobes. Anthers sessile, connec-
tive rather broad, inappendiculate or mucronulate at the top.

hecae bursting with a median, horizontal cleft. Ovary ovoid
or nearly globose. Placentas 3, parietal, each placenta bearing
at both sides of the top a large, globose gland. Ovules many,
small, funicle shorter than the ovules. Style reaching the inser-
tion of the stamens and then branching off into 3 short bran-
ches each bearing a stigma. Stigmas often appendiculate Pe-
nanth-limb after flowering deciduous below the insertion of
the stamens, the upper part of the style also with the stamens
deciduous. Perianth-tube persistent on the capsule. Capsule
dehiscing at the top or irregularly, in longitudinal direction,
with three clefts between the placentas. Seeds ovoid or nearly
globose, reticulate.

Distribution: Widely spread in the Malayan Archi-
pelago, New Guinea. Malay Peninsula, Tropica] Africa, Ma-
^gascar Guatemala, Honduras and British Honduras, Panama
West-Indian Islands and tropical South-America

7 Species in Asia and New Guinea, 3 species in Africa and
19 species in America.

1. a. Capsule dehiscing at the top, reticulate-perforated
(Asia, New Guinea) ... Sect. I, Eugymnosiphon Urb.
b. Capsule dehiscing with 3 longitudinal clefts between

1.nbsp;a. Anthers inserted above the middle of the perianth... 2
b. Anthers inserted in, or below the middle of the pe-
rianth ............................................................ 4

b. Flowers pedicellate, in loose, many-flowered cincinni
or bifid cincinni ..................... I. G. aphyllus Bl.

b. Capsule conical-ovoid. Margin-lobes of the outer
perianth-lobes entire .........3. G. minahassae Schltr.

Connective apiculate at the top. Ovary elongate-
conical, tapering into the pedicel... 4. G. affinis J. J. S.
b. Anthers inserted in the middle of the perianth. Con-
nective not apiculate. Ovary separated from the pe-
dicel ............................................................ 5

b. Flowers sessile or subsessile in loose cincinni or bifid
cincinni ........................... 5. G. papuanus Becc.

of the whole perianth. Connective narrow. Stigmas
with dorsal crista. Inflorescence 2—many-flowered...

b. Outer perianth-lobes deltoid, short, a fifth of the
whole perianth. Stigmas without crista. Inflorescence
1—3-flowered ............... 7. G. pauciflonis Schltr.

1. Gymnosiphon aphyllus Bl., Enum. PI. Jav. I (1827) p. 29;
(G. aphyllum)', Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. Ill (1855) p. 615; Ridley,
Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 73; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Jav. I
(1911) p. 344; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 256;
J. J. Smith in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., Ser. Ill, Vol. IV (1922) p.
230; Merrill, Enum. Phil. Fl. PI. I. 1 (1924) p. 251; Ridley, Fl
Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 306; v. Steenis in Trop. Nat. XXIII
(1934) p. 53 and fig. 14; — Gymnosiphon horneensc Becc.,
Malesia I (1877) p. 241; - Gymnosiphon pcdicellatum Schltr'
in Engl, Jahrb. XLIX (1913) p. 105; Schltr. in Fedde Rep
XVII (1921) p. 256.

Plants up to 17 cm high. Stem simple or branched, white,
yellowish-white, bluish or lilac, at the top forked into a bifid
cmcinnus or bearing a simple, up to 6 cm long cincinnus. Leaves
scalehke, 1—2,5 mm long, acute, often keeled and appressed
against the stem, ovate or lanceolate-ovate. Pedicels 1-5 mm
long, in the axils of scalehke, ovate, obtuse, small bracts. Flo-
wers many, inflorescence rather loose. Perianth whitish, bluish
or hlac, tubular part up to 4 mm long, limb about 2,5 mm long,
the upper part of the perianth deciduous just below the anthers
the lower part of the tube, about 2-3,5 mm long, persistent on
the capsule. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, each with a
narrow, crenate margin-lobe at both sides. Inner lobes linear-
lanceolate, minute. Stamens inserted just below the inner lobes
connective broad, triangular, not appendiculate. Ovary ovoid
about 2 mm long, style filiform, branched at the apex into
three very short branches, each bearing a curved, funnel-sha-
ped. mappendiculate stigma, triangular on transverse section.
Placenta-glands well-developed. Capsule about 3 mm long
wiA reticulate wall-structure, reticulate-perforated when ripe-
ned. Seeds elliptic to ovoid, brown, reticulate.

Nether 1. New Guinea, N part, Begowi Riv. (Gjellerup 191, fl.
Jun. [BZ]); id., Gauthier Mts, (Gjellerup 862, fl, Nov. [BZ]); S part,
Lorentz RiV., Nepenthes hill (Versteeg 1337 pp„ fl. Jun. [BZ]); id. Resi top
(Versteeg 1630, fl. Aug. [BZ]), Mt. Carstensz, Camp III (Boden Kloss s.n.,
fl. Dec. [BM]).

British New Guinea, Kaiserin Augusta Riv., Etappenberg (Leder-
mann 145a, fl. Oct. [B]).

Res. B a t a V i a, near Leuwiliang, Pasir Sidjahe (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink
6397, fl. Jun. [BZ]); id., Mt. Tjipoetih (id. 4240, fl. Sept, [BZ]); id., Mt.
Mandeuh (id. 1738, fl. Feb. [BZ]); id., Mt.Wiroe, near Nangela (id. 7501, fl,
Feb. [BZ]); id., Pasir Tjihideung (Bakhuizen v, d. Brink fil. 3323 (3325), fl,
Jun. BZ; U]); Mt. Niroe near Nangela (v. Steenis 2784, fl. Feb. [BZ]);
Mt. Gedeh near Djasinga (Backer 10125, fl, Nov. [BZ]); Mt. Gedeh (Backer
10256, fl. Nov. [BZ]; Backer 10326, fl. Nov. [BZ]); Mt. Soenarari (Backer
6322, fl. Jan. [BZ]); Pasir Kempoel near Nirmala (Backer 11018, fl. Dec.
[BZ]); Tjibodas (Schlechter 13593, fl, Sept. [B]).

Upper Lampasioe (Schlechter 20657, fl, Jan. [B], type of G. pcdiceltatum
Schltr.).

British N. Borneo, Mt. Kinabaloe, Marai Porai Spur (Clemens
11029, fl. Dec. [BZ; NY]); id., Mt. Nunkok (Clemens 32757 pp., fl. Apr.
[BZ; L; NY]).

Sarawak, Mt. Matang (Beccari s.n., [FI], type of B. borneense Becc.j:
id., Garar (Haviland 1041, fl. Aug. [K]).

Nether 1. Borneo, Res, Zuider- en Oosterafdeling, between Simu-
rung and Soengai Tarik (Winkler 3014, fl. Juli [B]); Bandjermasin (Motley
1200 [K]); Longhoet (Endert 2773a, fl. Aug. [BZ]); Res. Westerafdelmg,
Soengai Kenepai (Hallier 2075, fl, Jan, [BZ]).

Isle of Siberoet, near Siberoet (Iboet 120, fl, Sept. [BZ]).
ANAMBAS AND NATOENA ISLANDS.

Singapore, Kranji (Schlechter 13151, fl, March [B]); Bukit Timah
(Ridley s,n. [K]).
Job or, Batu Pahat (Kelsall s.n., ex Ridley 1924).
Malacca, Bukit Sadanen (Ridley s,n., ex Ridley 1924).
Pahang, Taka Tahan (Ridley s.n., ex Ridley 1924).
Selangor, Petaling (Ridley s.n., ex Ridley 1924).

2. Gymnosiphon oliganthus Schltr. in Engl., Jahrb. XLIX
(1913) p. 101 (G. oliganthum)', Schltr. in Fedde, Rep XVII
(1921) p. 256.

Small herbs, 4—9,5 cm high. Stem simple or branched in the
upper part, very tender, 1 or 2-flowered at the top. Leaves
scalelike, acute, minute, to 1 mm long, somewhat keeled, ap-
pressed against the stem. Bracts keeled, obtuse, pedicels to 3
mm long. Flowers up to 5 mm long, erect, white to bluish-lilac.
Outer perianth-lobes triangular, obtusiusculous, with a crenulate
margin-lobe at both sides. Inner lobes small, cuneate, obtuse-
truncate. Stamens inserted just below the inner lobes, anthers
quadrangular, connective when young, narrow, later on del-
toid, not appendiculate. Style filiform, branched in the upper
part into 3 short branches, each, bearing a soup-plate-shaped,
auriculate stigma. Perianth-limb and stamens deciduous above
the stigmas. Ovary ovoid. Capsule globose, reticulate, crowned
by the 1-2 mm long persistent part of the perianth-tube,
beeds globose, at one side with elongate testa.

Distribution: Once collected in N.E. New Guinea,
closely related to the following species.

3. Gymnosiphon minahassae Schltr. in Engl Jahrb XLIX
(1913) p. 104; Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 256.

at the top 2—5-flowered. Leaves scalelike, acute, minute, to
1 mm long, appressed against the stem. Bracts keeled, obtusius-
culous. Pedicels 1—3 mm long, flowers erect, white, with
bluish lobes, to 7 mm long. Outer lobes bluish, obtuse, with an
entire margin-lobe at both sides. Inner lobes small, lanceolate.
Stamens inserted just below the inner lobes, anthers quadran-
gular, connective without appendages. Style filiform, branched
in the upper part into three branches, each bearing a quadran-
gular, at the apex truncate, at the base apiculate stigma. Ovary
ovoid. Capsule ovoid-conical, to 3 mm long, reticulate, crowned
by the 1—2 mm long persistent part of the perianth-tube, Peri-
anth-hmb deciduous above the anthers.

Distribution: Once collected in the Minahassa, the
northern part of the Isle of Celebes; closely related to the pre-
ceding species,

4. Gynmosiphon affinis J. J. S. in Nov. Guin. VIII (1909)
p. 194 (G. affine); Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 256;
— Gymnosiphon torricellense Schltr. in Engl, Jahrb. XLIX
(1913) p. 101; Schltr. in Fedde, Rep, XVll (1921) p. 256.

Plants 1—13 cm high. Stem simple or branched, white, lilac
or rose-coloured, at the top forked into a bifid cincinnus or
bearing a simple cincinnus or 1—3 flowers. Leaves scalelike,
1—2 mm long, ovate, acuminate. Bracts to 3 mm long, scale-
like, acuminate. Pedicels 1—4 mm long, flowers erect or incli-
ned about 6 mm long. Perianth white, tubular part about 1,5
mm long. Limb rather long, about 2,5 mm. Outer lobes ovate,
obtuse, with a crenate margin-lobe at both sides. Inner lobes
small, rather broad, obovate, obtuse. Stamens inserted below

the middle of the perianth, perianth-tube swollen at the inser-
tion of the stamens. Connective quadrangular, acute-apiculate
at the top. Style filiform, branched in the upper part into three
branches, each bearing a soup-plate-shaped, rather large stigma.
Ovary obconical, swollen in the upper part, tapering towards
the pedicels, about 1,5 mm long. Capsule thick-elhpsoid, seeds
brownish, reticulate, fusiform. Capsule crowned by the very
short persistent part of the perianth-tube, capsule about 3—3,5

Idenburg Riv., Prauwenbivak (Lam
PP fl I.fn '^m^^f^'M^nbsp;Nepenthes hill (Versteeg 1337

Td siT'o^ ' Geluksh.1 (Versteeg 1425, fl. Jul. [BZ]); Upper
R Sande Riv. (=Beaufort Riv.) (Pulle 373, fl. Nov. [U]).

5. Gymnosiphon papuanus Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 241
(C. papuanum)', J. J. Smith in Nova Guinea VIII (1909) p.
194; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd. Ser. Vol. IX, Bot. (1916)
p. 228; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 256; —
Gymnosiphon celebicum Schltr. in Engl., Jahrb. XLIX (1913)
p. 104; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 256.

Plants 4-14 cm high. Stem branched or simple, colourless,
bearmg at the top rather loose, simple or bifid cymes of 3-many
subsessile flowers. Leaves scalelike, up to 2,5 mm long, acu-
mmate. Bracts ovate, acuminate, to 3,5 mm long. Flowers erect
sessile or subsessile, up to 7 mm long. Perianth whitish-pur-
^ish. tubular part up to 4.5 mm long, limb about 1,5 mm long.
Outer perianth-lobes ovate.triangular, obtuse, with an entire

involute lateral lobe at both sides. Inner lobes small, linear.
Stamens inserted in the middle of the perianth, connective del-
toid, at the top 3-lobed, with a forked thickening (ex S c h 1 e c h-
t e r, not seen). Style filiform, bearing at the top 3 subsessile,
erect, large soup-plate-shaped stigmas. Stigmas at the top obtu-
se-cordate, at the base auriculate. Ovary ovoid, about 1,5 mm
long, with well-developed placenta-glands. Capsule obovoid
to truncate-subglobose, 2,5—5 mm long, crowned by the rather
short cylindrical or curved cylindrical, 2—2,5 mm long per-
sistent part of the perianth-tube.

Babelthaop (Ledermann 14539a, fl. March [B]); id., Ngarsul (Leder-
mann 14453, fl. Feb. [B]).

Netherl. New Guinea. Andai (Beccari 627 [FI]); Mt. Morait
(Beccari s.n., fl. Feb. [FI]).

Plants 7.5—11 cm high. Stems simple or branched, at the top
bearing one or few flowers or a capitate inflorescence consis-
ting of contracted cincinni. Leaves 1 —2,5 mm long, lanceolate-

Gymnosiphon neglectus Jonk., n. sp. — Herba saprophytica, gra-
cilis, pusilla, 7,5—11 cm alta. Gaulis gracilis, plerumque simplex, teres,
glaber, inflorescentia subcapitata, pauciflora. Squamae ,lanceolato-ovatae,
acuminatae. Bracteae ovatae, acuminatae. Flores subsessiles, fere 6 mm
longi. Lobi exteriores ovati, acuminati, margines involuti, crenulaH. Lobi
interiores minuti lineares. Antherae sessiles, quadrangulares, medio tubo
insertae. Stylus filiformis, glaber, apice tripartitus, stigmatibus infundibuh-
formibus cristatis non-appendiculatis. Ovarium ovoideum. Capsula subglo-
bosa, reticulata, perianthii tubo coronata.

ovate, acuminate, keeled. Bracts to 5,5
mm long, ovate, acuminate, keeled. Flo-
wers subsessile, erect, about 6 mm long.
Perianth dirty-white, tubular part cylin-
drical, about 2 mm long, limb about 2
mm long. Outer lobes ovate, acuminate,
with a crenate margin-lobe at both sides.
Inner lobes small, linear, acute. Stamens
inserted in the middle of the perianth,
anther quadrangular, connective small,
narrow, short. Style filiform, branched
in the upper part into 3 short branches,
each bearing a curved, funnel-shaped,
dorsally cristate stigma. Ovary ovoid,
about 2 mm long. Capsule nearly globo-
se, with persistent reticulate wall-struc-
ture and crowned by a 2 mm long cylin-
drical persistent part of the perianth-tube.

Preanger, Tjadas Malang, Tjidadap, Tjibeber (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink
2436, fl. March [BZ]; Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 2908, fl. Apr. [BZ]).
Semarang, Mt, Oengaran (v. Slooten s.n., fl. Jun. [BZ]).

7. Gymnosiphon pauciflorus Schltr. in Engl., Jahrb. XLIX
(1913) p. 102 (G. pauciflorum); Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII
(1921) p. 256.

Plants 2,5—9,5 cm high. Stem simple, colourless, bearing at
the top 1—3 erect flowers. Leaves scalelike, ovate, acuminate,
1—1,5 mm long. Bracts obtuse-acuminate, to 3 mm long. Flo-
wers sessile or subsessile, about 7 mm long. Perianth whitish to
purpureous, tubular part about 4 mm long, limb, very short.

Outer perianth-lobes ovate, acute, about 1 — 1,5 mm long, with
an entire margin-lobe at both sides. Inner lobes minute. Inser-
tion of the stamens very low, below the middle of the perianth,
connective not apiculate, forked at the top (ex Schlechter).
Style filiform, forked in the upper part into 3, rather long bran-
ches,' each bearing an ovoid, in transverse section somewhat
triangular stigma. Ovary obovoid, about 2 mm long. Capsule
with persistent, reticulate wall-structure, ovoid, to 3,5 mm long,
crowned by the, 1,5—2,5 mm long, persistent part of the peri-
anth-tube.

b. Inflorescence not capitate, bracts and leaves very
small, outer perianth-lobes not hairy .................. 2

Inappendiculati Jonk., nov, subsect.^Gymnosiphonis species e sec-
tione Ptychomeriarum stigmatibus inappendiculatis.nbsp;^^

h. Stigmas entire. Bracts scalelike, colourless. Connec-
tive apiculate ................................................ 3

b. Flowers about 8—15 mm long. Stem simple, only
branched at the top into the infloresOence-branches... 4

b. Inserton of the stamens in the perianth-throat. Plants
much larger, stem robust, 3—many-flowered. Tropical
East-Africa .................. 11. G. usambaricus Engl.

8. Gymnosiphon fimbriatus (Benth.) Urb. in Symb. Ant.
Ill (1903) p. 438; — Ptychomeria fimbriata Benth. in Hook.,
Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 14; Schlechter in Fedde Rep'
XVII (1921) p. 256.

Plants 6—10 cm high. Stem thick, robust, whitish, beset with
rather large, ovate, acute or acuminate, concave, sometimes
imbricate, scalelike leaves, to 5 mm long and 2 mm broad. In-
florescence at the top of the stem, capitate, consisting of con-
tracted bifid cymes, surrounded by large, ovate, acute or acu-
minate bracts, up to 8 mm long. Pedicels very short or absent.
Flowers (without fringe) 5-8 mm long, hmb 1,5-3 mm long,
tube 2,5-4 mm long. Perianth whitish. Outer perianth-lobes
ovate, obtuse, with lanceolate, entire lateral lobes. The upper
third part outsides beset with fringe, arranged in two convergent

lines, margin of the upper third part also bearing fringe. Lon-
gest fringe about 2 mm long. At the top of the perianth-lobe a
long fringe, forked at its top. Inner perianth-lobes small, thick,
fleshy, cup-shaped, inserted in the perianth-throat. Stamens
inserted below the inner lobes, connective deltoid. Style filiform,
branching in the upper part into three branches, each bearing
a cup-shaped stigma with a pair of basal and apical mucrona-
tions. Perianth-limb perhaps not deciduous. Ovary ovoid to
half-globose, tapering towards the pedicel, about 1,5 mm long.

Type: Spruce 2930 from Brazil (Amazonas) Panure, in
herb. K, duphcates in herb. B; BM; BR; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
P-DR; W.

A^fzo'nas, Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel (Spruce 2300, fl. Apr. [K]),
kio Uaupes, Panure (Spruce 2930, fl. Feb. [B; BM; BR; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
K; P-DR; WJ).

9. Gymnosiphon divaricatus (Benth.) Benth. et Hook.,
Gen. Plant. III. 2 (1883) p. 458; Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903)
p. 438; — Ptychomeria divaricata Benth. in Hook., Journ. of
Bot. VII (1855) p. 16; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921)
,p. 256.

Plants 11—30 cm high. Stem simple or branched, forked at
the top in a loose, bifid cincinnus. Leaves scalelike, 0,5—1 mm
long, ovate, acute, Inflorescence-quot;branchesquot; 1—5,5 cm long,
horizontal, flowers erect. Bracts small, thick, fleshy, black, pel-
tate. Flowers 9—10 mm long, tubular part length about 4 mm,
limb length about 4 mm. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, acute,
with shorter, lanceolate-ovate, entire lateral lobes. Inner peri-
anth-lobes small, linear. Perianth thin, white, purpureous-poin-
ted, infundibuliform. Stamens inserted in the throat of the pe-
rianth, connective broad, quadrangular, without appendages.
Style fihform, branching in the upper part into three short bran-

ches, each of them bearing a two-lobed, candle-stick-shaped
stigma. Stigma-lobes lanceolate, acute, without fihform appen-
dages. Ovary about 2 mm long, ovoid. Perianth-hmb deciduous.
Capsule obovoid, to 4 mm long, crowned by a persistent part
of the tube. — The flowers emit a very pleasant odour, not
unhke that of our Primrose (Spruce).

Type: Spruce 2815, from Brazil (Amazonas) Panuré, in
herb. K; duplicates in herb. B; BM; BR; C; G-BOIS- G-DEL-
GH; GÖTT; P; P-DR; S; W.

most common in the Uaupés, growing everywhere throughout
the forest, though in a very scattered mannerquot;.

10. Gymnosiphon sphaerocarpus Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill
(1903) p. 442; — Ptychomeria sphaerocarpa (Urb.) Schltr
in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 257.

Plants 6—11,5 cm high. Stem white, simple, at the top forked
into two cincinnus-arms, or much-branched and bearing many
simple and double, richly flowered cincinni. Inflorescences
length to 4 cm. Pedicels to 2,5 mm long, often flowers sessile
Leaves scalehke, about 1 mm long, ovate, acuminate. Flowers
rather small, to 5 mm long, hmb to 2 mm long, tubular part to
1,5 mm long. Perianth white, outer lobes ovate, obtuse, bearing
at both sides ovate to lanceolate lateral lobes. Inner lobes li-
near-lanceolate, acute, very small. Stamens inserted below the
mner lobes in the throat of the perianth. Anthers quadrangu-
lar^ connective subulate-apiculate. Style thick-filiform, thicke-
ned at the base and in the upper part, at the top branched into
three very short branches, each bearing a 2-lobed (subsessile)

stigma, without filiform appendages. Ovary to 1 mm long,
broad-ovoid. Capsule obovoid to nearly globose, up to 1,5 mm
long, crowned by a very short, cylindrical persistent part of
the perianth-tube.

Type: L'Herminier s.n., from Guadeloup, in herb. B, dupli-
cate in herb. G-BOIS.

Distribution: West-Indian Islands, known from Ja-
maica, Porto Rico and Guadeloup.

Indiera Fria, near Maricao (Britton, Cowell and Brown 4471, fl, Feb.
[F; NY; US]).

Bois des Bains Jaunes (Duss 3942, fl. Oct. [NY]); without locality
(L'Herminier s.n. [B; G-BOIS]).

11. Gymnosiphon usambaricus Engl, in Engl., Jahrb. XX
(1894) p. 138; Wright in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. VII
(1898) p. 12; — Dictyostega usambarica Engl, in Abh. Berl.
Akad. Wiss. (1894) p. 45 (nomen); — Ptychomeria usambarica
(Engl.) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 258.

Plants 10—30 cm high. Stem simple or branched, ribbed,
robust, bearing at the top a 3—many-flowered, bifid cincinnus.
Leaves scalelike, lanceolate-ovate or ovate, to 2,5 mm long,
obtusiusculous. Inflorescences loose, flowers Mrge, pdorous,
on 2—5 mm long pedicels. Bracts minute, scalelike. Perianth
white, tube 4—6,5 mm long, limb 5 — 7 mm long. Outer peri-
anth-lobes broad-ovate, obtuse, with lanceolate, obtuse, lateral
lobes, about as long as the midlobe. Inner lobes ovate, small,
short-stipitate. Stamens inserted in the upper parts of the tube,
below the inner perianth-lobes. Connective rectangular, at the
top apiculate. Style filiform, branched in the upper part into
three short branches, each bearing an inappendiculate, soup-

plate-shaped stigma. Ovary obovoid, 1 — 1,5 mm long, placenta-
glands well-developed. Capsule to 3 mm long, nearly globose,
crowned by the 3—4,5 mm long, cylindrical to conical persis-
tent part of the perianth-tube.

Distribution: Only known from the Tanganyika Ter-
ritory (tropical East-Africa).

(Engler 842, fl. Sept. [B]; Warnecke 511, fl. Sept.
collector 427, fl. Jun. [B]); Bamole (Green-

12. Gymnosiphon Danguyanus Perr. in Not. Syst. V. 2
(1936) p. 160 {G. Danguyanum); Perrier de la Bathie in Cat.
Pl. Madag. Acad. Malgache (1934) p. 10.

Small plants, 3,5—9 cm high. Rhizome tuberous, beset with
ovate scales. Stem white, usually simple, branched at the top
into the 1—5 flowered inflorescence up to 15 mm long. Leaves
scalehke, obtuse, lanceolate, 0,5 mm long. Flowers 7-10 mm
long, white. Pedicels rather long, to 4 mm. Perianth-limb about
2 mm long, outer lobes ovate, obtuse, with oblanceolate, obtuse,
lateral lobes. Inner lobes minute, bifid, inserted between the
outer lobes, just at the base of these. Perianth-tube about 4,5
mm long, cylindrical in the lower part, suddenly widening above
the anthers. Stamens very small, inserted rather lowly in the
tube, below the inner perianth-lobes. Connective quadrangular
mucronulate at the top. Style filiform, with the stigmas up to
3,5 mm long, bearing 3 funnel-shaped, sessile stigmas without
appendages. Ovary about 1,5 mm long, obovoid, placenta-
glands rather small, seen with difficulty. Capsule up to 3 mm

Mt. Tsaratanana (Perrier de la Bathie 16068, fl. Apr. [P]); Massif dAn-
dringitra (Perrier de la Bathie 14476, fl. Feb. [P]); Analabe, N de Tana-
narive (Perrier de la Bathie 18515 [P]); Firingalava (Perrier de la Bathie
343, fl. Apr. [P]); Baie dAmpasindava near Nosi-Be (Boivin s.n., fl.
March [P]); without locality (Jumelle s.n. [K]).

13. Gymnosiphon tenellus (Benth.) Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill
(1903) p. 438; — Ptychomeria tenella Benth. in Hook., Journ.
of Bot. VII (1855) p. 17; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep, XVII
(1921) p. 257; — Gymnosiphon Glaziovii Urb. in Symb. Ant.
Ill (1903) p. 438; — Ptychomeria Glaziovii (Urb.) Schltr. in
Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 257.

Plants 4—15 cm high. Stem white or hght-purple, usually
simple, bearing at the top 1—5 flowers, arranged in a double
cincinnus. Inflorescence to 2 cm long. Leaves many, scalelike,
acute, 1 — 1,5 mm long. Flowers sessile or on short pedicels,
9—14 mm long. Perianth white, bluish or purple, hypocrate-
riform, tube length 5—7 mm, limb 2,5—5 mm long. Outer peri-
anth-lobes ovate, obtuse, with lanceolate, obtuse lateral lobes.
Inner lobes linear, small, inserted in the upper part of the peri-
anth-tube. Stamens inserted below the inner lobes, rather low
in the tube. Connective quadrangular, mucronulate at the top.
Style filiform, branching in the upper part into three branches,
each bearing a soup-plate-shaped stigma, without appendages.
Ovary 1,5—2 mm long, ovoid or obovoid, placenta-glands ra-
ther small, seen with difficulty. Capsule ovoid, to 2,5 mm long,
crowned by a rather long, cylindrical persistent part of the
perianth-tube (up to 5 mm long).

Type; Spruce 1224, from Brazil, Amazonas. Rio Negro in
herb. K. duplicates in herb. BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; M;
P; P-DR and W.

and Brade 14174, fl. March [R]); without precise locality (Glaziou 19938
pp. [B; K; P], type of G. Glaziovii Urb.).

S u r d e S a n t a n d e r, Magdalena Valley near Barranca Bermeia
(Haught 1434, fl. Dec. [US]).

Note; Bentham also described to this species a small-flowered va-
riety, var. minor. These specimens however do not belong to this species but
to G. accuatus Urb.

folded. Inflorescences contracted, many-flowered.
Outer perianth-lobes half the length of the whole
perianth ... 15. G. cymosus (Benth.) Benth. et Hook.
b. Inner perianth-lobes very small, outer ones shorter.
Inflorescences not contracted ........................... 3

3-winged. Pedicels short.... 16. G. guianensis Gleas.
b. Ovary not winged ............................................4

b. Perianth-tube constricted, ovary obconical. Limb
about the same length as the tube. Outer perianth-
lobes only at the top 3-lobed ... 21. G. Germaini Urb.

b. Ovary patelhform, capsule subglobose. Perianth-tube
striped, constricted ......... 25. G. Tuerckheimii Jonk.

14. Gymnosiphon capitatus (Benth.) Urb. in Symb. Ant.
Ill (1903) p. 439; — Ptychomeria capitata Benth. in Hook.,
Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 15; Schlechter in Fedde Reo'
XVII (1921) p. 256.nbsp;'

Plants 4—19 cm high. Stem white, simple. Cymes contracted
to capitate inflorescences, 0,5—1 cm long and 1 — 1,5 cm broad,
nearly globose. Young inflorescences ovoid, slightly acuminate.
Bracts large, ovate, acuminate, to 1 cm broad. Leaves scalelike,
ovate, acute, keeled, 1 -7 mm long. Flower-buds about 6 mm
long. Perianth white, tube length about 2 mm, lobes about 2 mm
long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, with rather broad,
ovate, crenate lateral lobes. Inner lobes fleshy, cup-shaped, in-
serted in the mouth of the tube. Inserted insides the perianth-
limb, e.g. on both sides of the inner lobes, a couple of long
hairs, forming clusters under the inward folded lateral lobes of
the outher perianth-lobes. Stamens inserted below the inner
obes, connective inappendiculate. Style filiform, branching into
three very short branches, each bearing a funnel-shaped, cur-
ved stigma, somewhat triangular on transverse section. Stigma
with two filiform appendages on the upper surface. Ovary
ovoid, about 2 mm long. Placenta-glands well-developed. Cap-
sule unknown, perianth-hmb perhaps not deciduous.

Type; Spruce 2880, from Brazil (Amazonas), Rio Uaupes,
in herb. K, duplicates in herb. BM; BR; G-DEL; P-DR; W.

15.nbsp;Gymnosiphon cymosus (Benth.) Benth. et Hook., Gen.
PI. II. 2 (1883) p. 458; Urb. in Symb. Ant. III (1903) p. 438;
— Ptychomeria cymosa Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII
(1855) p. 15; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep, XVII (1921) p. 256.

Plants 12—29 cm high. Stem violet, sometimes much-bran-
ched. Inflorescenses contracted, to 14 cm long, 9—many-flowe-
red. Pedicels 0.5—4 mm long. Bracts minute. Leaves ovate,
acute. 2—3 mm long. Flowers about 7 mm long. Perianth violet
outside, inside white. Tube length about 3,5—4 mm, limb about
2,5 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes long, lanceolate, obtuse,
with lanceolate, crenate lateral lobes. Inner perianth-lobes broad,
ovate, rounded at the top, in young flowers folded lengthwise.
Anthers inserted rather low, in the middle of the flower, peri-
anth-tube swollen at the insertion of the anthers. Connective
broad, obtuse, dark-coloured,bearing no appendages at the
apex, tapering to the base, short-stipitate. Style filiform, bran-
ching in the upper part into three short branches, each bearing
a somewhat capitate stigma. Stigma with two long, hairlike
appendages at the top. Ovary obovoid, short, about 1 mm long,
plancenta-glands rather large. Capsule dark bluish-grey, nearly
globose, about 2 mm long and 2 mm broad. Persistent part of
the perianth-tube cylindrical, 3—4 mm long. Seeds subglobose.

Type: Spruce 2829a, from Amazonian Brazil, in herb. K;
duphcates in herb. BM; BR; C; G-BOIS; GH; GÖTT; P;
P-DR; W.

C; G-BOIS; GH;, GÖTT; K; P; P-DR; W]); Rio Negro near Sao Carlos
(Spruce 2829b. fl. Apr.-May [B; K; P; P-DR; S; W]); Amazone Riv., isle
of Colares (Poeppig 3013 pp. [P; W]).

16.nbsp;Gymnosiphon guianensis Gleas. in Bull. Torr. Bot. CI.
LXI (1929) p. 22; Sandwith in Kew Bull. (1931) p. 60.

the top forked into two cincinnus-arms. Inflorescences 3—many-
flowered. Leaves scalelike, ovate, acute, 1—2 mm long. Inflo-
rescense a spreading, double cincinnus, branches 1 — 16 cm
long. Bracts ovate, obtuse, dark-coloured, pedicels 1—2 mm
long. Flowers erect, 9—11 mm long. Perianth white, tube 5—6
mm long, constricted, limb 3—4 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes
almost acute, with rather broad, entire lateral lobes. Inner lobes
small, linear. Anthers inserted below the inner perianth-lobes,
quadrangular, connective small, narrow, without appendages.
Style filiform, branched in the upper part into three branches,
each bearing a stigma. Stigmas in the upper part bilobate, stig-
ma-lobes fading into the long, hairlike stigma-appendages.
Ovary small, short, patelliform, lower tube-part and ovary nar-
rowly 3-winged. Placenta-glands large. Capsule subglobose,
crowned by the persistent part of the perianth-tube, growing
to 6 mm long.

Distribution: Hitherto only collected in British Guiana.
BRITISH GUIANA,
/lyi pp., fl. Dec. [K]); id., Kurupung Leng 131, fl. Nov. NYl)- id island

ihurn sn., fl. Feb. K ; id., near Tumatumari (Cheonq 28 fUSll- Esse-
Moraballi Creek, near Bartica (SanLith 11 fl ' Auq fKH •

tl. Aug. [K]) Onderneemmg (Bartlett s.n. K , ex Gleason Ic)- Upper Ber-
bice Riv. (Abraham 216 [NY]); Kaietur falls (Appun s n 1bM1 ) C^uvuni

17. Gymnosiphon breviflorus Gleas. in Bull. Torr. Bot CI
LVI (1929) p. 22; Sandwith in Kew Bull. (1931) p. 60.

Plants 10-30 cm high. Stem white, simple, branching at the
top into a bifid cincinnus, inflorescence-branches 1-8 cm long.

Leaves ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Inflorescence spreading,
3—many-flowered, flowers erect, about 6 mm long. Bracts sca-
lelike, ovate, rather acute, dark-coloured. Pedicels much longer
than in the preceding species, usually about 4,5 mm long. Pe-
rianth white, tube length about 3 mm, somewhat constricted,
limb about 2,5 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse,
with rather broad, entire, lateral lobes. Inner lobes small, lan-
ceolate-ovate. Anthers sessile below the inner lobes. Connec-
tive broad, deltoid, obtuse. Thecae stalked, hanging. Style
filiform, branching off at the top into three, rather long bran-
ches, each bearing a stigma. Stigma intensive orange-coloured,
tapering-at the base into a spurlike appendage, bilobate at the
top. Stigma-lobes fading into long, hairlike appendages, inser-
ted in the middle of the dorsal surface. Ovary patelliform,
1,5^—2 mm long, not winged. Placenta-glands rather large,
bulging. Capsule 1,5—'2 mm long, subglobose, crowned by the,
about 4 mm long, persistent part of the perianth-tube.

Type: Hitchcock 17349, from British Guiana, Potaro Riv.,
in herb. NY; duplicates in herb. K: S; US.

Mazaruni Riv., near Kurupung (Leng 311 pp., fl. Dec. [NY]); id., near
Himarrackbia (Jenman 7191 pp., fl. Dec. [B; K]); Potaro Riv., Tumatumari
(Hitchcock 17349, fl. Ian. [K; NY; S; US]); Essequibo Riv., Moraballi
Creek near Bartica (Sandwith 706, fl. Nov. [K]); Corantyne Riv. (Jenman
501, fl. Sept. [K]); Essequibo, Cuyuni Riv., below Tinamu Falls (Martyn
286, fl. March [K]); Bartica Potaro road, near Barabara Creek (Sandwith
1101, fl. Aug. [K]).

18. Gymnosiphon suaveolens (Karst.) Urb. in Symb. Ant.
Ill (1903) p. 438; Knuth in Fedde, Rep. Beih. XLIII (1928) p.
212; — Benitzia suaveolens Karst. in Linnaea XXVIII (1856)
p. 420; Karst. in Nov. Act. Leop. XXVI (1858) p. 887; -
Ptychomeria suaveolens (Karst.) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII
(1921) p. 257,

pie, bearing at the top a bifid, 3—17-flowered cincinnus. Stem
sometimes single-flowered. Leaves scalelike, 1—3 mm long,
ovate or lanceolate, obtuse. Bracts minute, pedicels white or
vinous-purple, 2—6 mm long. Flowers 8—12 mm long.

Perianth white or blue, tubular part length 2—3,5 mm, limb
4—5 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, with lanceo-
late lateral lobes, as long as, or sometimes longer than the mid-
lobe. Inner lobes clavate, sometimes rather large and reaching
the middle of the outer lobes, often thick and glandular swollen.
Anthers inserted in the throat of the perianth, connective split
at the top into two lobes, bearing the thecae. Style thick-fili-
form, branched at the top into three branches, each bearing a
stigma with two long, thick-filiform appendages at the top.
Ovary 2—3,5 mm long, obovoid. Placenta-glands well-deve-
loped. Capsule ellipsoid or obovoid, 3,5^—5 mm long, bluish-
grey, crowned by a 2—4 mm long, cylindrical persistent part
of the perianth-tube. Funicle very short. Seeds ovoid.

Type: Karsten s.n., from Venezuela, Colony Tovar near
Caracas, in herb. W; duplicates in herb. B; GÖTT; K.

Alta Verapaz, Pansamala (v. Tuerckheim 1042 pp., fl. Aug. [B;
GH; K; P; US]); Cohan (v. Tuerckheim II. 1421, fl. Nov. [USj; Lehmann
1305, fl. Apr. IG-BOISl); without precise locality (v. Tuerckheim II. 1293,
fl. Jul. [BR; BRSL; GH; NY; US]).

Chiriqui, Valley of upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo (White 15, fl. Jul.—Aug.
[MIS; U]; White 24, fl. Jul.-Aug. [MIS; U]).

Custa del Sitio de Eusebio Ortez; also S. of Cartago, S slopes of all the
central vulcanes (Endres s.n., fl. Jul.-Aug. [W]); Barva Vulc. (Hoffman
68, fl. Aug. [B]; Ronduz 1308, fl. Aug. [US]); La Carpintera (Lankester 35,
fl. Sept. [US]); Cemos del Escasu (Brade 17117 [US]); Massif de l'Iscasü
(Pittier 13061, fl. Jul. [US]); Forest of La Palma, near San Ramon (Brenes
4049, fl. Aug. [F]); Tablazo (Brade 2077, fl. Aug. [B]).

Tol im a (Linden 966, fl. Jan. [BM; G-BOIS; P; W]); id., Ibague (Gou-
dot s.n. [G-BOIS; P; P-DR; W]).

Santander, near Charta (Killip and Smith 19322, fl. Feb. [USJ); near
Pamplona (Kalbreyer 1211, fl. Apr. [B]).

Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Sta. Martha, S. Miquel (Karsten s.n.
[GÖTT; K?; W]); id., Sierra de Onaca (H. H. Smith 2516, fl. Aug. [F;
K; NY; S; U; US|).

Miranda, Caracas (Gollmer s.n., fl. Sept. [B]) Forest of Catuche and
Cotiza, near Caracas (Pittier s.n. [US]); Colony Tovar near Caracas
(Karsten s.n. [B; GÖTT; K; W]; Fendler 1315 [BR; G-BOIS; GH; K; NY]
Moritz 1616 [B; BM]).

19. Gymnosiphon arcuatus Urb. in Symb. Ant. III (1903)
p. 443, in obs.; Jonk. in Pulle, Fl. Sur. I. 1 (1938) p. 182; -
Ptychomeria tenella Benth. var. minor Benth. in Hook., Journ.
of Bot. VII (1855) p. 17.

Slender plants, 5—14 cm high. Stem white, thin, rather fili-
form, simple, bearing at the top an inflorescence, usually con-
sisting of 3 flowers. Inflorescence to 1 cm long. Leaves small,
scalelike, ovate, acuminate, about 1 mm long. Flowers rather
large, about 6,5 mm long, bracts minute, pedicels about 1,5
mm long. Perianth white, tubular part 2,5—3 mm long, with
obtuse, short, entire lateral lobes. Inner lobes rather broad, tri-
gonous, acute. Anthers inserted rather low in the perianth-tube,
below the inner lobes. Connective small, apiculate at the top.
Style fihform, branched in the upper part into three short
branches, each bearing a stigma. Stigma obovate, in the upper
part split into two lobes, each lobe fading into a long hairlike
appendage .Ovary obconical to obovoid, tapering into the pe-
dicel. Capsule nearly globose, crowned by a 2 mm long per-
sistent part of the perianth-tube. Seeds subglobose, brown,
reticulate.

Type: Sagot 1164, pp., from French Guiana, in herb. B;
duplicates in herb. K; P-DR; S; U.

Amazonas, Rio Uaupés, Gapó (Spruce s.n. [K; P-DR], type of P^lt;/-
chomeria tenella Benth. var minor Benth.); near Panuré (Spruce sn [BM-
BR; K]); Rio Negro, Serra do Gama (Spruce s.n. [K]). 'nbsp;, '

Potaro Riv., Kaietur Savannah (Jenman 1271, fl. Sept.—Oct. [K]); Esse-
quibo Riv., Moraballi Creek, near Bartica (Sandwith 260, fl. Sept. [K]).

20. Gymnosiphon mattogrossensis (Malme) Jonk. nov.
comb.; — Ptychomeria mattogrossensis Malme in Ark. for Bot.
Bnd. 26A, no. 9 (1934) p. 21 and p. 4.

Plants 7,5—16 cm high. Stem white, simple or branched, sul-
cate in the lower part, forked at the top into a 5—15-flowered
bifid cincinnus. Leaves small, scalelike, ovate, obtuse, to 1 mm
long. Bracts minute, pedicels 1—3 mm long. Inflorescence-
branches 15—35 mm long, flowers erect, 7—8 mm long. Pe-
rianth yellowish or white, tubular part about 3 mm long, limb
about 2—3 mm long.

Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, with entire, shorter late-
ral lobes. Inner lobes small, linear, inserted in the mouth of
the perianth. Anthers inserted in the upper part of the tube,
connective small, deltoid, not apiculate above the thecae. Style
filiform, branched at the top into three short branches, each
bearing a stigma. Stigma 2-lobate at the top,, stigma-lobes fa-
ding into thick, filiform appendages, reaching the middle of
the limb. Ovary obovoid, about 2 mm long. Placenta-glands
well-developed. Capsule globose, bluish-grey, length and
breadth about 2,5 mm, crowned by the 3 mm long, cylindrical
persistent part of the perianth-tube.

Distribution: Known from Brazil, Matto Grosso and
Trinidad, never found between these two localities.

Matto Grosso, Serra da Chapada, between Biriti and Sao Jeronyma
(Malme II. 3495, fl. Jun. [S]).

21. Gymnosiphon niveus (Gris.) Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill
(1903) p. 444; — Ptychomeria nivea Gris., Cat. Cub. (1866)
p. 257: Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 257; - Gymno-
siphon parviflorus Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 443; —
Ptychomeria parviflora (Urb.) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII
(1921) p. 257.

Plants 8—23 cm high. Stem white, simple or branched, bea-
ring at the top a simple or bifid cincinnus. Leaves scalelike,
ovate, acute or acuminate, 1—2 mm long. Inflorescence-bran-
ches 1—6,5 cm long, bracts small, ovate, acute, keeled; pedi-
cels 1,5—5 mm long. Flowers to 5 mm long. Perianth white,
limb much longer than the tube, tube to 1,5 mm long, limb to
3 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, deeply 3-lobed,
with narrow, shorter lateral lobes. Inner lobes very small, m-
serted between the outer lobes, hnear. Anthers inserted below
the inner lobes, quadrangular, connective not apiculate. Style
filiform, branched at the top into three short branches, each
bearing a bilobate stigma. Stigma-lobes obcordate, each bea-
ring a very thin, filiform appendage. Ovary obovoid, to 2 mm
long and 1 mm broad. Placenta-glands well developed. Cap-
sule ellipsoid, often bluish-grey, crowned by a rather short per-
sistent part of the perianth-tube, about 1 mm long.

Type; Wright 3285, from Cuba (prov. Oriente), Valpa-
raiso, in herb. GÖTT, duplicates in herb. B; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
GH; K; MIS; P; S; W.

(Shafer 34 3, fl. Jan. [NY]): id., base of Loma ilinsiera
(Ekman 15215, fl Sept [S]); Baracoa, N of El Yunque (Ekman 3565, fl.
Nov [S]): Moa Bay, E of Rio Moa (Shafer 8356, fl. Jan. [B; NY]); near
Monteverde (Wr ght 3284 pp., fl. Jul. [P; W]); Wright s.n.. fl. Aug! [B]
rT rnni^^'n^k^fnbsp;Valparaiso (Wright 3285, fl. Nov. [B;

22. Gymnosiphon Gcrmaini Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903)
p. 444; — Gymnosiphon portoricensis Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill
(1903) p. 445; — Ptychomeria portoricensis (Urb.) Schltr in
Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 257.

Plants 4—26 cm high. Stem white, long, filiform, simple or
branched, bearing at the top a 2-1 l-flowered bifid cincinnus.
Inflorescence-branches to 2 cm long .Stem nearly leafless, lea-
ves 1-2 mm long. Flowers small, to 6,5 mm long. Perianth
white, tubular part about 2 mm long, limb about 2,5-3 mm long.

Outer perianth-lobes only 3-lobed at the top, whith short
rather acute, lateral lobes. Inner lobes minute, inserted between
the outer lobes. Perianth-tube constricted in the middle. Sta-
mens inserted between the upper part of the perianth-tube.
Connective broad, quadrangular, not apiculate. Style filiform
branched at the top into 3 short branches, each bearing an ob-
cordate stigma. Stigmas with 2 filiform appendages, reaching
the upper part of the outer perianth-lobes. Ovary obconic,
about 1,5 mm long, placentas with rather large, bulging glands.
Capsule ellipsoid to globose 1,5-3 mm long, bluish-grey, crow-
ned by a 1-2 mm long, persistent part of the perianth-tube.

Distri^bution: West-Indian Islands, collected in Jamai-
ca, Porto Rico, Guadeloup and Dominica.

Humacao, near Jabucoa, Guajabota (Sintenis 5170, fl. Sept. [B; BRSL;
G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; GÖTT; K; M; P-DR; S], tyne of G. portoricensis
Urb.); near Mt. Piedra azul, Jacana: (Sintenis 5259, fl. Oct. [B]).
Agua dill a, Mt. Pedra blanca, near Aguada (Sintenis 5707, fl. Dec.

23. Gynmosiphon Fawcetti Urb. in Symb. Ant. V (1907)
p. 294; — Ptychomeri Fawcetti (Urb.) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep.
XVII (1921) p. 257.

Plants 3,5—14 cm high. Stem usually simple, bearing at the
top a 2—6-flowered, bifid cincinnus. Leaves and bracts very
small, scalehke, 0,5—1 mm long, ovate. Pedicels rather long,

2—5nbsp;mm. Flowers erect, about 6 mm long, young buds about
4,5 mm long. Perianth-limb about 1,5 mm long, tube about 2,5
mm long, colour unknown. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse,
with narrow lateral lobes; inner ones small, lanceolate. Perianth

3-saccatenbsp;at the throat, tube constricted in the middle. Stamens
inserted at the base of the perianth-sacks. Connective deltoid,
caudate at the base, not apiculate at the top.

Style rather thick, filiform, bearing at the top three sessile,
ovate stigmas, each of them with a couple of hairlike appen-
dages at the top. Stigmas often covered with clusters of pollen-
tubes, growing directly from the thecae.

Ovary 1,5—2 mm long, obconical, with large, bulging pla-
centa-glands. Wall of the ovary enclosing the placentas and
ovules as a loose sack. Capsule about 2 mm long, subglobose
to ellipsoid, crowned by the conical, 1,5 mm long, persistent
part of the perianth-tube.

Sept. [B; NY]; Harris 12596, fl.
Oct. [NY]); Tyre near Troy (Harris 12642, fl. Oct. [NY]); Cockpit County
near Tyre (Britton 581, fl. Sept. [NY]).

24. Gymnosiphon comutus (Benth.) Benth. et Hook., Gen.
PI. III. 2 (1883) p. 458; Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 438;
Jonk. in Pulle, Fl. Sur. I. 1 (1938) p. 182; — Ptychomeria cor-
nuta Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 16; Schltr.
in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 16; — Ptychomeria mutica
Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 16; Schltr. in
Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 257; _ Gymnosiphon muiicus
(Benth.) Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 438; - Benitzia
Poeppigiana Karst. in Linnaeaa XXVIII (1865) p. 421; Karst.
in Nov. Act. Leop. XXVI (1858) p. ^ Ptychomeria Poeppi-
giana (Karst.) Schltr. in Fedde. Rep. XVII (1921) p. 257.

Plants 9—17 cm high. Stem slender, simple, sometimes bran-
ched, bearing at the top a simple or bifid cincinnus. Inflores-
cence 1-4 cm long, 3-12-flowered. Leaves and bracts to 1
mm long, ovate, obtuse, often concave or keeled. Pedicels 1—3
mm long, perpendicular on the cyme-branches. Flowers about
9 mm long. Perianth white, scarlet or black-purple, tubular part
to 6 mm long, limb to 3 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate,
obtuse, with shorter, entire, obtuse lateral lobes. Inner lobes
minute. Tube very long, cylindrical. Anthers inserted about
1 mm below the inner lobes; connective small, short. Style long
filiform, bearing at the top three, almost sessile stigmas, each
of them with two horn-like processes, fading into filiform ap-
pendages. Ovary obovoid, about 2 mm long, with large, often
bulging placenta-glands. Capsule about 3 mm long and 1,5 mm
broad, obovoid, crowned by a 5 mm long, cylindrical persistent
part ot the perianth-tube.

Sao Paulo, Ribeira Riv., Paraqueira Mirim (Brade 75732, fl. Jun. [S
Rio de Janeiro, Morra de Nova Cintra (Ule 870, fl. Tul. [B; US
Rio de Janeiro, (Ule s,n, [S]).

Amazonas, Rio Uaupes (Spruce 2836, fl. Jan. [BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL;
K; P-DR, type of Ptychomeria matica Benth.); id., near Panure (Spruce
2816, fl. Jan. [BM; BR; K; P-DR; W]; Spruce 2846, fl. Jan. [BM: BR; G-
BOIS; GH; GÖTT; K; P-DR; W]); Amazone Riv., Isle of Colares (Poep-
pig s.n. [BRSL; P; W;], type of Benitzia Poeppigiana Karst.).

Zanderij I (BW 412. fl. Jun. [U]); Guyana goud placer (?coll. mdig. 123,
fl. Apr. [U]).

Essequibo Riv., Moraballi Creek, near Bartica (Sandwith 70, fl. Aug. [KJ;
Sandwith 175. fl. Sept. [K]; Linder 127, fl, Dec. [GH]); Bartica-Potaro road,
near Barabara Creek (Sandwith 1100, fl. Aug. [K]).

Note: The specimens queried are incomplete. I am not quite sure that they
really belong to this species.

19 cm alta. Caulis plerumque simplex, nonnunquam uniflorus. Inflorescentia
2 cm longa, bifida, laxa, 3-16-flora. Squamae et bracteae °vatae adpressae-
Flores fere 9 mm longi, pedicellis fere 1 mm longis, Lobi perianthu exterio-
res 3-lobulati, lobulis laterahbus involutis. Lobi perianthunbsp;,
acuti, minuti. Perianthii tubus cylindricus fere 4 mm '
striatus. Connectivum quadrangulare, non appendiculatum. ^^

Gymnosiphon tenellus non Urb., Standley in Standley and Re-
cord, For. and Fl. Br. Honduras, Field Mus. publ. 350 Vol
XII (1936) p. 97.

Plants 6,5—9 cm high. Stem simple, pale purple (Standley)
rarely branched, sometimes 1-flowered, usually forked at the
top into a bifid, 3-16-flowered cincinnus, inflorescence-bran-
ches about to 2 cm long. Leaves and bracts small, scalehke,

ovate, appressed, 1 — 1,5
mm long. Flowers about
9 mm long, spaced with
3—^5 mm intervals in
the inflorescence, pedi-
cels about 1 mm long.
Perianth white, tinged
yellow, tubular part
about 4 mm long, stri-
ped, cylindrical, often
constricted in the midd-
le, limb up to 4 mm
long. Outer perianth-
lobes ovate, obtuse, la-
teral lobes lanceolate,
about the same length as
the midlobe. Inner peri-
anth-lobes ovate, acute,
small, inserted in the
,nbsp;mouth of the perianth.

Stamens sessile in the mouth of the perianth-throat, connective
small, quandrangular, without appendages. Style filiform, bea-

thick, fihform appendages, as long as the perianth-limb. Ovary
short, patelliform, about 1 mm long, placenta-glands large, bul-
gmg Capsule subglobose to obovoid, about 1,5 mm long, crow-
ned by the about 3,5 mm long, cylindrical, constricted persis-
tent part of the perianth-tube.

c.nbsp;fruit with persistent perianth-part;
a. stamen;

e. ovary opened, showing placentas
and placenta-glands;
style with stigmas.

Type: V. Tuerckheim II. 475, from Guatemala, Cubilquitz,
in herb. B, duplicates in herb. GH and US.

Forest Home (Schipp 508, fl. Dec. [F]); Temash Riv. (Schipp S. 913, fl.
Feb. [F; K]).

Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley near Tela (Standley 52879 [F]; Stand-
ley 53355 [F]).

Plants 6—15 cm high. Stem white, fihform, usually simple,
sometimes shortly branched, bearing at the top a 3- or 5-flo-
wered, bifid cincinnus or a single flower. Inflorescence-bran-
ches up to 2 mm long. Stem beset with few, acute, lanceolate,
scalelike leaves, about 1 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, about 1
mm long, 1-veined, acute to shghtly acuminate. Flowers about
8 mm long. Perianth white, tubular part very short, about 1—2
mm long, limb about 4 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate to
triangular, obtusiusculous, margin involute. Inner perianth-
lobes minute, hardly visible.

1) Gymnosiphon panamensis lonk., n.sp. - Herba saprophytica, graci-
lis, pusilla, 6-15 cm alta. Caulis teres, filiformis, glaber, plerumque sim-
plex, nonnunquam uniflorus. Inflorescentia 2 cm longa, bifida, 3-vel !gt;-Hora.
Squamae lanceolatae, acutae, uninervae. Flores fere 8 mm longi. l.otgt;i pe-
rianthii exteriores ovati vel triangulares, obtusiusculi, marginibus myolutis.
Lobi perianthii interiores minuti. Tubus perianthii brevis, 1-2 mm longus.
Limbus fere 4 mm longus. Connectivum latum, rotundato-rhomboideum non
appendiculatum. Stylus filiformis, crassus, stigmatibus 3, sessilibus, longe
appendiculatis. Appendices filiformes. Ovarium elUpsoideum, truncatum fere
1-2 mm longum Glandulae crassae. Capsula eUipsoidea v^ «quot;bg'quot;';®^^
Hab.: Panama. Typus: Allen 18 in herb. Rheno-Trajectmo, typi duplum m
herb. MIS.

Style thick-filiform, bearing at its apex 3 sessile, emarginate
stigmas with two hairlike appendages. Ovary ellipsoid, trun-

cate. up to 2 mm long. Placenta-glands bulging. Capsule ellip-
oid to subglose, about 2 mm long, crowned by the persistent
short, dried perianth-tube.

Prov Colon, top of Tumba Vieja (Dodge, Steyerraark and Allen
16928, fl. Dec. [MIS; U]).

27. Gymnosiphon longistylus (Benth.) Hutch, and Dalziel
Fl. W. Trop. Afr. II (1936) p. 399; — Gymnosiphon squamatus
Wright in Kew Bull. (1897) p. 281; Wright in Thiselton-Dyer,
Fl. Trop. Afr. VII (1897) p. 12; — Ptychomeria squamata
(Wright) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 258; - Dic-
tyostega longistyla Benth. in Hooker, Niger Flora (1849) p.
528; Wright in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. VII (1897) p. 12.

Plants 3,5—25 cm high. Stem usually simple, rarely bran-
ched, white or yellowish white. Leaves and bracts small, scale-
like, ovate, acute, about 1 — 1,5 mm long. Pedicels 1,5—3,5 mm
long. Inflorescence a bifid, 3—many-flowered cincinnus. Flowers
spaced in the inflorescence with about 5 mm interval, flowers
about 6 mm long. Perianth white, top of the lobes sometimes
yellowish, tubular part about 2,5 mm long, cylindrical; limb
about 2,5 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, with
narrow, entire lateral lobes. Inner lobes small, ovate to spathu-
late, obtuse. Anthers inserted in the perianth-throat, connective
broad, truncate, apiculate. Style filiform, bearing at the top 3,
nearly sessile, obcordate stigmas, each of them bearing two long,
filiform appendages. Ovary obconical to obovoid, about 1 mm
long, placenta-glands well-developed. Capsule globose, length
and breadth to 2,5 mm, crowned by a conical, 2-3 mm long
persistent part of the perianth-tube.

Distribution: Tropical West Africa: Liberia, Nigeria,
Cameroons, Gaboon, Gold Coast and Belgian Congo.

Lagos (Dalzie 1277, fl. Jan. [K]); Annye (UnJn 144, fl. Sept. [kY)- Nun
Riv. (Mann 515 pp., fl. Sept. [K]; Vogel 37, fl. Aug. [K]). ^

Cola (Bunting s.n., fl. Jun. [BM|); Banga (Linder 1217, fl. Oct. [K|).
CAMEROONS.

Sibange farm (Soyaux 167 and 168, fl. Jan. [K
Wright); Corisco Bay (Schlechter 12831, fl. Dec.

28. Gymnosiphon pusillus Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p.
438; — Ptychomeria pusilla (Urb.) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XVII
(1921) p. 257; — Gymnosiphon spec., Taubert ex Warming in
Overs. Kgl. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Forh. (1901) n. 6 p. 188.

Plants 5—6,5 cm high. Stems simple, bearing at the top one
flower or branching off into the inflorescence. Pedicels to 3 mm
long. Leaves and bracts small, scalelike, obtuse, about 1 mm
ong. Inflorescence about 15 mm long, 1—3-flowered. Flower-
limb, stamens and stigmas unknown. Ovary obconical to obo-
void, 1,5-2 mm long, placenta-glands well-developed. Cap-
sule 2-2,5 mm long, obovoid, crowned by a short, about 1,5
mm long, persistent part of the perianth-tube.

. type of G. squamatus
B; BR]).

Type: Part of Glaziou 19908, from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
in herb. B, incomplete material.

29. Gymnosiphon jamaicensis Urb. in Symb. Ant. V (1907)
p. 293 — Ptychomeria jamaicensis (Urb.) Schltr. in Fedde, Rep.
XVII (1921) p. 257.

Plants about 14 cm high. Stem simple, branched at the top
into a bifid cyme. Inflorescence about 25 mm long, to 13-flowe-
red. Pedicels about 0.5—0,75 mm long. Leaves and bracts small,
scalelike, ovate, 0,5—1 mm long. Distance of the flowers in the
inflorescence about 5 mm. Style filiform, perianth-limb, anthers,
stigmas etc. unknown. Ovary about 1 mm long, subglobose.
Capsule globose, crowned by a rather long, conical part of the
perianth-tube (to 3,5 mm long).

Small, saprophytic, annual, erect herbs. Roots short and thin.
Stem simple or branched, one- or sparsely flowered. Leaves
small, sessile, ovate or lanceolate, scale-like. Flowers rather
large, often inclined or nodding. Perianth campanulate or hy-
pocraterimorphous. Perianth-lobes 6, outer lobes ovate, the m-
ner lobes narrower than the outer, but of the same length, li-
near-lanceolate. Tubular part of the perianth more than three

times the length of the lobes. Stamens inserted in sacks in the
perianth-tube below the inner perianth-lobes. Filaments short,
thick, the base inserted in the sacks of the perianth, bearing at
the externa] side a large wing. Wings 2-lobed, lobes rounded
at the apex. Filaments at the top forked into the broad connec-
tive. Thecae bursting in transverse direction. Ovary ovoid,
slightly narrowed at the top into the filiform style. Style rea-
ching the insertion of the stamens, and there branching off into
three short branches, each bearing a dish-shaped stigma, often
beset with germinating pollen-grains. Capsule three-valved, de-
hiscing between the placentas, crowned by the wholly, persis-
tent, rolled perianth. Seeds numerous, minute, oblong to ovoid
or ellipsoid, sometimes slightly curved, with a loose reticulate
testa.

Distribution: Three closely related species and one va-
riety. The genus is only known in the new world, from the
Southern United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, IS/lissis-
sippi, Louisiana, Texas and Missouri) to Paraguay and Bolivia,
also in the West-Indian Islands.

part suddenly widening. Flowers about 2 cm long.
Scales to 3 mm long. Inner perianth-lobes lanceolate.
Filaments as broad as the connective. Connective

b. Perianth funnel-shaped, not suddenly widened. Inner
lobes spathulate. Flowers about 1 — 1,5 cm long.
Connective broader than the filament with a basal,
median, hanging appendage... 3. A. gentianoides Jonk.

1. Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnh. ex Small, Fl. S. E. U. St.
1st. Ed. (1903) p. 309; id. 2nd. Ed. (1913) p. 309; Uphof in
Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. 78 (1929) p. 71; Small, Man. S. E. Fl.
(1933) p. 363; Standley in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. XII, Publ.
350 (1936) p. 75; Jonker in Pulle, Fl. Sur. I. 1 (1938) p. 186 -
Apteria setacea Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. VII. part I
(1834) p. 64; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1841) p. 546;
Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 13; Gris., Fl. Br.
W. Ind. Isl. (1864) p. 606; Gris., Cat. Pl. Cub. (1866) p. 257;
Chapm., Fl. S. E.U.St. 3rd. Ed. (1897) p. 477; Johow in
Pringsh., Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. XVI (1865) p. 417 etc. and Taf.
XVI, F. 1; Taf. XVII F. 17 and 18; TaL XVIII, F. 38-42;
Engl, in Engl.-Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. II. 6 (1889) F. 39A.C;
— Apteria boliviana Rusby in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. n. 14 Vol.
IV (1907) p. 447; — Lobelia aphylla Nutt. in Ann. Journ. Nat,
Sc. V. (1822) p. 297.

Plants 5—25 cm high. Stem simple or sometimes branched,
glabrous, terete, the overground part purplish, the underground
part white. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
sessile, purplish, scale-like, about 1,5—3 mm long and 1 mm
broad. Stem one- or sparsely flowered, sometimes with few
loose-flowered cymes at the top. Flowers nodding or horizon-
tally placed, 8 — 13 mm long. Perianth campanulate, blue, violet,
or purplish, sometimes white, in the ovary and at the tips of the
lobes darker coloured; often fading to white towards the base,
but with darker longitudinal stripes (honey-guides). Outer lo-
bes ovate, acute, inner lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, as
long as the outer lobes, obtuse. Tubular part of the perianth
three times the length of the lobes. Stamens inserted in cres-
cent-shaped sacks. Connective-arms broader than the filaments,
wings broader than the stamens. Stigmas patelliform, margin
papillate, often stuck with clusters of pollen-tubes. Ovary obo-
void, reaching a fifth of the length of the whole flower. Cap-
sule ovoid or obovoid, sometimes nearly globose, length to 6 mm,
breadth to 4 mm, crowned by the dried perianth. Seeds brown.

Type: Ware s.n. in the herbarium of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, duplicate in herb. BM.

Distribution: Southern United States to Brazil and
Bolivia, not in Guiana and Trinidad.

Florida, Apalachicola Riv. (Rugel 585, fl, Oct. IBM])- near Tackson-
viile (Curtiss 4 72, fl. Oct. fUS: MIS]; Curtiss 2754, fT OcriF aBOIS-

vlt ' Vr . Creek, Polk Co, (Donnell Smith s.n., fl. March [US])-
H Auanbsp;JUS]); Brooksville, Hernando Co. (Jones «i

I exas, without locality (Wright s.n. [GH])
S7n 'nnbsp;Springs (Seymour 9191. fl. Sept. [F- GHl- Ricker

Manates Lagoon (Peck 163, fl. Oct. [GH; K]); Temash (Schipp S. 667a,
fl. Apr. [F]).

Talamanca, Tesaki (Pittier 9420, fl. March [US]); Between Möthri
and Ukatschka (Pittier 12709, fl. Sept. [US]); Between Ukatschka and
Bruschik (Pittier 12708, fl. Sept. [US]).

Cauca, Cordoba, Dagua Valley (Pittier 544, fl. Dec. [US]); Barbacoas
(Lehmann s.n., fl. Sept. [W]); Sta. Maria de Timbiqui (Lehmann K. 404,
fl. Sept. [K]).

Oriente, Taco Bay between Sta. Maria Riv. and Jiguani Riv. (Ekman
3774, fl. Aug. [S]), Sierra Nipe near Woodford (Shafer 3411, fl. Jan. [B;
US]).

Without locality (Wright 3283 [B; BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH;
GÖTT; K; MIS; P; S; W], named by Urban, Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 449:
A. hymenanthera Miq.; Wright 2383 [S; US]).

Santo Domingo, Peninsula de Samano, prov. Samano Savichez, EI
Gran Estero (Ekman H15938, fl. Aug. [US|).

Rep. Haiti, Massif du Nord near St. Louis du Nord, between M. Cha-
vary and Haut Piton (Ekman H4726, fl. Aug. [B; US], together with the
var, hymenanthera).

Guayabota Riv., labucoa (Sintenis 5171, fl. Sept. [GH; GÖTT; K; M],
named by Urban in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 449: A. hymenanthera Miq.).

Amazones, Rio Uaupés, Panure (Spruce 2453 [BM; BR; G-BOIS:
G-DEL; GH; K; P; P-DR; W]).

Matto Grosso, Santa Anna do Chapada (Malme- 1696, fl. Jun. JbJ;
named by Malme in Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. 22. III. 8 (1896) p. 301:
A. lUacina Miers)

Var. hymenanthera (Miq.) Jonk. in Pulle, Fl. Sur. I. 1 (1938)
p. 186; — Apteria hymenanthera Miq., Stirp. Sur. (1850) p.
216; Urb.. Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 448; Pulle, Enum. (1906)
p. 114; Britton, Fl. Port. Ric. V (1924) p. 179; Urb. in Ark.
f. Bot. 20A n. 15 (1926) p. 14; Knuth in Fedde, Rep., Beih.
XLIII (1928) p. 212; — Apteria setacea non Nutt., Benth. in
Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 13; Hook., Ic. II. 3 pl. 660;
~ Apteria Ulei Schltr. in Pilger, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandb.

XLVII (1905) p. 102; — Voyria tenella non Hook., Gris., Veg.
Kar. (1895) p. 94.

This variety differs in size of the flowers from the species.
Stem erect, 3—22 cm high, simple or branched, sparsely flowe-
red. Flowers blue or purplish, nodding or inclined, 4—8 mm
long. Insertion of the stamens somewhat lower than in the spe-
cies, just above the middle of the perianth-tube. Top of the
style reaching the stamens.

Distribution: This small-flowered variety takes com-
pletely the place of the species in Guiana and the Southern
West-Indian Islands. Also in Brazil and some other West-In-
dian Islands.

Amazonas, Rio Branco, Bóa Vista (Kuhlmann 639, fl. Jul. [R; Ul);
Rio Negro, Ouvidor, Manaos (Ule 5274, fl. Ian. [B], type of A. Ulei
ochltr.).

Pernambuco, Iguarassu (Ridley, Lea and Ramage s.n., fl. Oct. [BMH.
Rio de laneiro, Copacabana (Ule 4003, fl. May [B])
Goyaz, without precise locality (Gardner 4006, fl. Apr. [K])
fl May^P])*^^quot;^^'nbsp;S'lv^ (Thomas and Magalhaes Gomes 371,

Karouang (Sagot 362, fl. Jun. [BM; BR; GÖTT; K; P; P-DR; S; W]).
SURINAME (NETHERL. GUIANA).

(Wullschlaegel 1301 [GÖTT; Wl); near pi. Kwatta (Kegel
n3, fl. Jul. [GÓTT; U?]); Lawa Riv., near Cottica Mts. (Versteeg 304 p.p., fl.
Oct. [U]); near pi. Bergendal (Focke 1337, fl. May [U]); Without locality
(Hostmann 959 [B; BM; G-BOIS; GH; K; U; W]).

Corantyne Riv. (Jenman 502, fl. Oct. [K]); Kaietur Savannah between
Resthouse and Falls (Sandwith 1352, fl. Sept. [K]).

Aripo Savannah (Britton, Coker and Rowland 302, fl. March [GH; NY]);
Hights of Las Cueros (Crueger s.n., fl. Feb. [GÖTT]); Mt. Tucucke (Hill
and Williams 10698, fl. Jan [K]; Britton, Hazen and Mendelson 1255, fl.
Apr. [GH; NY; US]); Blanchisseuse Road (Broadway s.n., fl. Apr. [F;
MIS]); without locality (Fendler 546 [K]).

Bassin Girard (Duss 4061, fl. Feb [B]); Trois Rivières (Duss 2856, fl. Jun.
[B]); without locality (L'Herminier s.n. [G-BOIS]).

Rep. Haiti, Massif du Nord near St. Louis du Nord, between M.
Chavary and Haut Piton (Ekman H4726, fl. Aug. [B], together with the
species).

John Crow Mts. (Harris and Britton 10704 [NY]); without locality (Pur-
die s.n. [K; W]; Wilson s.n. [K]).

2. Apteria lilacina Miers in Trans. Lin. Soc. XVIII (1841)
p. 545; Seubert in Mart., Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847) p. 57; —
Apteria setacea non Nutt., Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII
(1855) p. 13; — Stemoptera lilacina Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. I
(1840) p. 62.

Plants 7—17 cm high. Stem simple or sometimes branched,
reddish (Spruce), terete, glabrous. Leaves ovate to lance-
olate, sessile, small, scale-like, 1—3 mm long. Stem one- or
sparsely flowered. Pedicels curved. Flowers 15—20 mm long.
Perianth hypocraterimorphous, the rather long tubular part wi-
dens suddenly into the funnel-shaped upper part, just below
the insertion of the stamens. Tubular part to 10 mm long, white;
funnel-shaped part to 7 mm long, violet. Lobes 3—4 mm long,
outer lobes broad, ovate, inner lobes lanceolate, as long as the
outer ones. Wings of the stamens broader than the stamens,
filaments as broad as the connective-arms, inserted in crescent-
shaped sacks. Sacks longer than the stamens, lower part of the
filaments also disappearing in the sacks. Stigmas asymmetric-
patelliform to funnel-shaped, glabrous. Ovary obovoid. reddish-
purple. 1—2 mm long, tapering upwards in the form of a cone,
bearing the style. Fruit obovoid, 4 mm long, the dried perianth

after flowering rolled up and persistent on the fruit. Seeds
ovoid, yellowish, testa reticulate.

Type; Miers s.n., Organ Mountains (Brazil) in herb.
BM, duplicates in herb. G-DEL and K.

Amazonas. Island in Rio Negro near Sao Gabriel (Spruce 2151, fl.
March [BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; K; P; P-DR; W]).

Rio de Janeiro, Organ Mts. near Quebra frasco (Miers s.n., fl. Feb.
[BM; G-DEL; K]; Miers 4652, fl. Feb. [BM]); id., near Petropolis (Wawra
and Maly 405 [W], incomplete specimens).

3. Apteria gentianoides Jonk., n. spec. — Apteria lilacina
non Miers, Warm, in Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. n. 6
(1901) p. 187.

Plants 3,5 — 17 cm high. Stem simple or branched, glabrous,
terete, purplish, part underground white. 1 —6-flowered. Leaves
purplish, scalelike, rather large, ovate, acute to acuminate. 7
mm long, breadth to 2,5 mm. Flowers inclined, infundibuliform.
not suddenly widened as in the preceding species, 10—18 mm
long. Outer lobes ovate, acute, inner lobes the same length as
the outer ones, 3—5 mm long, spathulate. Limb of the perianth
violet, tubular part fading to white. Basal part of the stamens
inserted in crescent-shaped sacks, sacks shorter than the sta-
mens. Wings as broad as the stamens, basal part not disappea-
ring into the sacks. Arms of the connectives broader than the
filament, connective with a thick, fleshy, acute, median, basal,
hanging appendage. Ovary oblong or obovoid, 2—4 mm long.

Rio de Janeiro, Sta. Magdalena, Pedro Dubois (Santos Lima and
Brade 4945, fl. Feb. [R; U]); Alto Macahé, Petropolis (Glaziou 19910 [B;
P]); Serro do Macahé (Ule 4945, fl. Feb. [B]).nbsp;^^ ^^

d^llambay (Rojas 10076, fl. Jan. [Bj: Rojas 10879, fl. Jan. [B;
BM]; Rojas 10128, fl. Jan. [B; BM; G-DEL; P; W]).

alta. Caulis teres, glaber, purpureus, simplex vel raraosus, 1-6-florus m a
squamaeformia, ovata, acuta, fere 7 mm longa et 2 mm lata. Flores 'nclmati
infundibuliformes, 10-18 mm longi, non constricti. Lobi Pffilamen!
ovati, acuti, interiores spathulati, exterioribus aequilongi. Stamina J, tilamen

Connectivorum ramis quam filamentum latioribus connectivia b^i app™
dice breve succulenta acuta praedita. Ovarium oblongum vel obovoideum.

Small, erect herbs. Stem simple, terete, glabrous. Rhizome
beset with imbricate scales. Leaves scalelike, small. Perianth
consisting of a tubular part and 3 perianth-lobes, the inner
lobes absent. Margin of the perianth-lobes folded inwards.
Stamens 3, alternating with the perianth-lobes. Filaments short,
inserted in crescent-shaped sacks of the perianth-tube. Con-
nective broad, thecae constricted and dehiscing with a horizon-
tal split. Style filiform, branched in the upper part into 3 short
branches, each bearing a small, peltate stigma. Ovary with 3
parietal placentas, placentas without glands. On the top of the
ovary 3 short-stipitate, peltate glands. Seeds small.

1. Marthella trinitatis (Johow) Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903)
p. 448; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep. XVII (1921) p. 258; —
Gymnosiphon trinitatis Johow in Pringsh., Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot.
XX (1889) p. 447; — Burmannia capitata non Mart., Johow in
Pringsh., Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot. XVI (1865) p. 417, and TaL 16,
Fig. 2.

Stem simple, lilac. Scales appresed against the stem, lanceo-
late, acute, 2—3 mm long. Flower 1 at the top of the stem or
in 2—7-flowered inflorescences. Flowers about 6 mm long, yel-
lowish. Perianth-lobes erect, ovate, acute, about 1,5 mm long,
margins folded inwards (cf. the lateral lobes of Gymnosiphon
Limb of the perianth not decidous. Tubular part of the perianth
about 3 mm long. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the
tube, just reaching the base of the lobes. Base of the stamens
inserted in sacks as in the genus Apteria, stamens longer than
the sacks. Connective broad, short-apiculate at the top. Thecae
constricted in the upper half and there horizontally dehiscing.
Style filiform, reaching the insertion of the stamens. Ovary

obovoid, about 1,5 mm long, bearing 3 short-stipitate, peltate
glands at the top. Capsule obovate-turbinate, about 2 mm long.
Seeds small, brownish, reticulate, ovoid, without appendages.
Funicle shorter than the ovules and seeds. In decayed leaves
and wood in forests.

Type: Johow s.n. from Trinidad, in the botanical institute
at Bonn, duplicates in herb. B.

Erect, saprophytic herbs. Stem colourless, simple, somedmes
forked in the upper part into two quot;inflorescence-branchesquot;, ra-
rely branched in the lower part, terete, glabrous. Rootstock
beset with ovate, acute to acuminate scales, short hairlike root-
lets and longer roots. Leaves reduced to minute, attenuate sca-
les. Inflorescence appearing simple or bifid, flowers in branch-
like cincinni. Tubular part of the perianth often constricted,
limb 6-lobed. Outer lobes erect, ovate, acute; inner ones smaller
and shorter, ovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, erect or re-
flexed. Anthers 3, sessile in the upper part of the perianth-tube,
below the inner perianth-lobes, not inserted in sacks. Connec-
tive broad, without long appendages. Thetae constricted, bur-
sting transversally in the constriction. Style thick-filiform m
the lower part, swollen at the top, branched above the swollen
part into three branches, each bearing a curved, funnel-shaped
stigma without appendages. Top of the style reaching the m-
sertion of the stamens. Ovary 3-sulcate, 1-celled, with 3 parie-
tal placentas, without glands. ]^rianth persistent on the fruit,
perianth-limb not deciduous. Capsule dehiscing by three irre-
gular valves. Seeds numerous, small, linear-lanceolate; testa
loose, reticulated, transparent.

Distribution: Widely spread in Central and South-
America, from Mexico (Oaxaca) to Southern Brazil, Bolivia
and Peru. Not collected in the West-Indies, except Trinidad.
Species 2, with one variety.

1. a. Perianth elongate, more than twice the length of the
ovary. Perianth-tube not constricted .....................

b. Perianth short, about as long as the ovary. Tube
constricted ( not always distinct in older and very
young flowers)... 2. D. orobanchioides (Hook.) Miers

1. Dictyostega Purdieana Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot.
VII (1855) p. 14, in note; — Dictyostega pectinata Karst. in
Linnaea XXVIII (1856) p. 422; Karst. in Nov. Act. Caes.
Leop. Car. XXVI (1858) p. 892; Macbride in Fl. Peru I. 3,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. XIII, Publ. 363 (1936) p. 768.

Plants 12—39 cm high. Stem mostly simple, sometimes bran-
ched, bearing at the top a simple cincinnus or forked in a dou-
ble cincinnus, glabrous, terete, white. Leaves small, scalelike,
1—3,5 mm long, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate. Rhizome beset
with imbricate scales, formed like the stem-leaves. Pedicels ho-
rizontal or curved, 1-4 mm long, placed in the axils of scale-
like bracts. Perianth white or hlac, tubular part 2-5 mm long,
lobes 1—2,5 mm long, outer lobes ovate, acute to acuminate,
inner ones shorter, ovate, obtuse. Stamens sessile, connective
deltoid, apiculate at the angular points. Style fihform, swollen at
the apex and then branched in three short, thick branches, each
bearing a curved, funnel-shaped stigma, carinate at the upper
surface. Ovary obovoid, about 1,5 mm long and 1 mm broad.
Capsule nearly globose, length and breadth about 2 mm.

'^C^ucï, U^per'^l Dagua. Tocoto (Lehmann 1900 fl. Sept. [BJM: G-
BOISl; Highland of Papayan (Lehmann K. 395 fl. Oct. [K] Lehmann K.
271, fl Nov. [F; K]; Letoann 6010. fl Jan. M); Morale C c^ Val ey
(Pennel and Killip 8300, fl. Jul. [B: GH: K: NY; S; US], f «0 ; J^-
[GH; NY; US]); Western Cordillera, La Cumbre (Pennel and Killip 5800,

Bogota, Susumuco (Triana s.n., fl. Jul. [K; US], Karsten s.n. [B;
GÖTT; W], type of D. pectinata Karst.).

H^uTnuco, Prov. Huamalies, near Monzon (Weberbauer 3570, fl. Aug.
'®Wit hout locality (Grisar s.n. [P], perhaps collected in Ecuador).

2. Dictyostega orobanchioides (Hook.) Miers in Proc. Linn.
Soc I (1840) p. 61; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1841)

p. 58; Johow in Pringsh.. Jahrb. f. Wiss Bot. XX (18 9) p.
475 etc and TaL XIX F. 4 and Taf. XXII Fig. 20; Malme m
Bih. Kgl. Sv. Akad. Handl. XXII afd. Ill (1896) n 8, p. 30;
Warming in Overs. Kgl. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. (1901) n. 6
p 186- Urb. in Symb. Ant. Ill (1903) p. 441 and fig. 1 and 2;
En in Engl. u. Prantl. Nat. Pfl. Fam. II. 6 (1889) ^. 39
D-G; Knuth in Fedde. Rep. Beih. XLIII (1928) p. 212; Jonker
in Pulle, Fl. Surin. I. 1 (1938) p. 184; - Dictyostega Schorn-
burgkii Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. I (1840) p. 61; Miers in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1841) p. 542; - D^ctyostega campa-
nulata Karst. in Linnaea XXVIII (1856) p^ 422; Karst, m Nov.
Act. Caes. Leop. Car. XXVI (1858) p. 892; Standley m Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. XII. Publ. 350 (1936) p. 75; - Aptena oroban-

chioides Hook., Ic. Plant. Ill (1840) tab. 254; - Gymnosiphon
orobanchoides Rusby in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. VI, n. 22 (1910)
p. 496; — Ptychomeria orobanchoides (Rusby) Schltr. in Fedde

Plants 7-40 cm high. Stem glabrous, terete, colourless, simple
or rarely branched, forked at the apex into two cincinni or bea-
ring one cincinnus. Leaves minute, ovate, acute scales, 1-3 mm
long, adpressed against the stem. Pedicells 1-4 mm long cur-
ved or horizontal. Flowers 2,5-5 mm long, white or rose-co-
loured Outer 3 perianth-lobes erect, ovate, with inflexed mar-
gin. about 0,5 mm long; inner lobes smaller, first erect, later on
retlexed, oblong, rounded at the top. Perianth-tube often con-
stricted. Stamens inserted below the inner perianth-lobes con-
nective rather broad, with two small, obtuse appendages at the
top and two short lateral arms, bearing the white thecae The-
cae dehiscing in the middle, bursting with a horizontal spht.
Style thick-filiform broadened towards the base and swollen at
the apex, branched into three thick short branches, each bea-
ring a triangular curved funnel-shaped stigma. Stigma apiculate
at the upper surface, often beset with clusters of pollen-tubes,
directly escaped from the anthers. Capsule obovoid to nearly
globose, length to 2,5 mm, crowned by the persistent perianth
dehiscing between the placentas with 3 valves. Seeds yellowish'
linear-lanceolate, reticulate.

Distri^bution; Southern Mexico to Southern Brazil,
Bolivia and Peru. Not in Suriname. French Guiana and Ama-
zonian Brazil, not in the West-Indian Islands except Trinidad.

Stann Creek Valley (Pelly 93 [F]); near Middlesea (Schipp 481, fl. Nov.
[B; BM; F; G-DEL; GH; K; MIS; NY; S]).

Rives (Lankester s.n., fl. May [K]); Between Uruksa and Diban (Pittier
12705, fl. Sept. [US]); San José, near El General (Skutch 2769, fl. Jul. [S]);
without locality (Endres s.n. [W]).

Magdalena, Sta. Martha (Smith 1308, fl. March [K; NY]).
Bogota, Susumuco (Karsten s.n. [W], type of D. campanulata Karst.).
Without locality (Mutis 1189 [US]).

BRITISH GUIANA. ^nbsp;,,,,
Roraima (Im Thurn 121, fl. Dec. [BM; K]; Appun 1116nbsp;K]); near Maza-
runi Riv. (Myers 3113 [K ); Serra Mey (Schomburgk 149nbsp;BM; GH; K; L],
type of D. Schombmgkii Miers).

Rio de Janeiro, Organ Mountains (Gardner 842 [BM; G-DEL; K;
NY; P-DR' W]; Guillemin 912, fl. May [P]); Corcovado (Miers s.n. [BM;
G-BOIS; G-DEL; GH; K; US]; Schott 4698 [W]), Alto Macahé (Glaziou
18559 [B; K; P]; Glaziou 4886, fl. Feb. [B; P]); Pico da Tijuca (Ule 4002, fl.
March [B; sj; Smith 2124 [GH]); Sta. M. Magdalena (Santos Lima and
Brade 1324/, fl. March [R; U]).nbsp;^^^ , ^

Sao Paulo, Santos (Mosén 3703, fl. Apr. [P; S]); id., Mt. Espiquao do
Curupira (Mosén 3702, fl. March [S]); Col. Pariquera Assu (Brade 5731, fl.
Jun. [S]); Iguapé (Brade 9076, fl. Jun. [B]).

Parana Paranagua (Dusén 9807, fl. Apr. [GH; MIS; NY; S; US]);
Port Don Pedro II (Dusén 9874, fl. lun. [B; BM; S]); lacarehy (Dusén

^^S^t^^C^a t h a'^i n a, Garcia Riv. near Blumenau (Ule 877, fl. Apr. [B];
Ule 1000 pp., fl. Nov. [BRSL]); Laranjeira Mts. near San Francisco (Ule 332,
fl. Aug. [B; BRSL]); Itayahy (Mueller 481 [K]).
Without locality (Sello s.n. [B]).

L^'pYi^neari Covado (White 1045, fl. Sept. [NY]); Mapiri (Bang 1563
pp. [BM; BZ; C; CA; F; G-BOIS; GH; LY; MIS; S; US; W]); id., near
S. Carlos (Buchtien 459 pp.. fl. March [S; US]); near Tipuam (Buchtien
5366, fl March [US]); Cordillera Real, Ticunhuaya (Tate 1106, fl. Apr.
[NY]); near Inglis-Inglis (Williams 1636, fl. Aug. [BM; K; NY; US], type
of Gymnosiphon orobanchoides Rusby).

Lo^ïnto, Tarapoto (Spruce 4458 [BM; G-BOIS; G-DEL; K; P; W]).
1 u n i n, Schunke Haciendo, above San Ramon (Killip and Smith, 24834, fl.

Without precise locality, Sandellani, W. Slope of the Andes
'Pearce s.n., fl. Apr. [BM; K]).

Var. parviflora (Benth.) Jonk. in Pulle, Fl. Sur. I. 1 (1938)
p. 185; — Dictyostega Schomburgkii Miers, var. parviflora
Benth. in Hook., Journ. of Bot. VII (1855) p. 13; Sandwith in
Kew Buil. (1931) p. 59; — Dictyostegia orobanchoides non
Miers, Urb. in Symb. Ant. III (1903) p. 442; Pulle, Enum.
(1906) p. 114.

Plant more tender, white, 13—30 cm high. Inflorescence al-
ways a loose double cincinnus. Flowers white, much smaller
than in the species, about 2 mm long. Pedicels 1—3 mm long,
curved or horizontal.

Type: Spruce 2623, Brazil (Amazonas), Rio Uaupés near
Panuré, in herb. K; duplicates in herb. BM; BR and P-DR.

Distribution: Venezuela, Guiana, Trinidad, Brazil
(Amazonas) and Colombia (Sur de Santander).

Amazonas Rio Uaupés (Spruce 2879, fl. Jan [K]); id., near Panuré
(Spruce 2623, fl. Oct. [BM; BR; K; P-DR]).

Erect, saprophytical herbs. Stem simple, bearing at the apex
an umbelliform inflorescence. Rootstock beset with ovate-lance-

olate, aristate scales. Leaves reduced to minute, appressed sca-
les. Perianth 6-lobed, outer lobes erect, acute, ovate to deltoid,
the inner ones shorter, obtuse to rounded. Anthers 3, sessile
below the inner perianth-lobes in the perianth-throat, not inser-
ted in sacks. Connective broad, without long appendages. Style
thick-filiform in the lower part, swollen at the top, branched
above the swollen part into 3 branches, each bearing a curved,
funnel-shaped stigma without appendages. On the top of the
ovary, inside the perianth-tube 3 large, globose glands, inserted
above the top of the placentas. Ovary 1-celled with 3 parietal
placentas. Perianth persistent on the fruit, perianth-limb not
deciduous. Capsule dehiscing by 3 irregular valves. Seeds nu-
merous, small, oblong; testa reticulated, not loose.

p. 439; — Dictyostega umbellata Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. I
(1840) p. 61; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIll (1841) p. 541;
Seubert in Mart., Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847) p. 59; — Miersiella
costata (Miers) Sandw. in Kew Bull. (1931) p. 59; — Dictyos-
tega costata Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. I (1840) p. 61; Miers
in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVllI (1841) p. 542; Seubert in Mart,
Flor. Bras. III. 1 (1847) p. 59; - Miersiella aristata Sandw. in
Kew Bull. (1931) p. 59.

Plants 5,5—17 cm high, white or purphsh. Stem simple, bea-
ring at its apex an umbelhform, 3—10-flowered inflorescence.
Rhizome vermiform, up to 3 cm long, beset with imbricate,
ovate-lanceolate, aristate scales. Leaves small, scalehke, ap-
pressed, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate to aristate, 1—5
mm long. Bracts ovate, acuminate or aristate. 2—3 mm long
and about 1 mm broad, often forming an involucre. Pedicels

2—4 mm long. Flowers 2,5—4 mm long, white, violet or pur-
plish. Outer perianth-lobes erect, ovate to deltoid, acute, 0,5—1
mm long. Inner lobes ovate, rounded, erect, minute. Perianth-
tube cyhndrical, not constricted, 1 —2 mm long. Anthers sessile,
connective T-shaped or obtriangular. Style with stigmas as long
as the perianth-tube. Glands on the ovary dark-coloured, glo-
bose. rather large. Ovary obovoid, 1—2 mm long. Capsule
truncate-globose, crowned by the dried perianth.

lana.

287 fl. March [R; U]); Corcovado (Miers s.n. [BM], type of Dictyostega
costata Miers); Alto Macahé (Glaziou 18560, fl March [B; K; P]); Orqan
Mountains (Miers s,n., fl Feb. [BM ).nbsp;i • . J;. wrgan

Minas Geraes, near Caraca (Ule 2704, fl March [B])
Bahia, without precise locality (Blanchet 1528 [G-BOIS]).

Essequibo Riv., Moraballi Creek near Bartica (Sandwith 131, fl Auq [K],
type of MiersieHa arisfa^a Sandw.).

Saprophytic, succulent herbs. Flowers urceolate to campa-
nulate, usually actinomorphous, sometimes zygomorphous. Pe-
rianth circumcissile. Stamens usually 6, seldom 3, hanging. Style
short and thick, persistent. Ovary 1-celled with 3 placentas.

hanging, inserted in the middle of the perianth-tube.
Filaments filiform, connectives grown together with
the margin of the stigma-funnel (Tropical Africa)...
............................. 10. Afrothismia, p. 222

b. Filaments inserted in the perianth-mouth. Stigma(s)
not funnel-shaped, connectives not grown together
with the stigmas ............................................. ^

b. Outer perianth-lobes inserted between the inner ones.
Inner ones connate to an erect mitre with 3 holes,
bearing at its apex 3 long, hanging, thick, filiform
appendages, clavately swollen at their tops. Stigma
3-winged (Brazil) ............ 12. Glaziocharis, p. 226

or connate to a mitre with 3 holes, the latter withouj
appendages at the apex ......... 13. Thismia, p. 22/

b. Inner perianth-lobes connate to an erect mitre with
3 holes, bearing one or three long appendages at the

6. a. Mitre bearing three erect, thick, fihform appendages
at the apex, clavately swollen at their tops (Borneo)

b. Mitre bearing one long, erect, thick column at the
apex. At the top of the column three, more or less
connate, glandular lobes (Philippines, New Guinea)
.....................................15. Scaphiophora, p. 256

Stamens 6, inserted at an annulus in the perianth-mouth or in
the perianth-tube.

Small, saprophytic herbs. Rootstocks beset with small, pe-
cuhar tubers. Stem usually simple with small, scalelike leaves.
Flowers rather large. Perianth urceolate, geniculatequot; or zygo-
morphous. Perianth-lobes 6, inner and outer lobes equal in
length and size, or nearly so. Stamens 6, filaments inserted at
the basal part of the perianth-wall, curved, swollen at the top.
Thecae dehiscing in longitudinal direction. Connective as broad
as a theca. with a rather broad, fleshy appendage at the top,
grown together with the stigma-margin. Ovary obovoid, l-cel-
led. Placentas 3, in their basal part connate into a central, sterile
column, in the upper part free and bearing the ellipsoid ovules.
Funicles filiform, of the same length as, or somewhat longer
than the ovules. Style short and rather thick, stigma funnel-
shaped. After flowering the whole perianth and ovary-wall
deciduous, only the placentas with the seeds remaining. Seeds
ellipsoid, with loose, reticulate testa.

Type-species; Afrothismia Winkleri (Engl.) Schltr.
Distribution; Species 2, only known from the Came-

b. Perianth not geniculate but zygomorphous. Perianth-
lobes not hastate ............ 2. A. pachyantha Schltr.

1. Afrothismia Winkleri (Engl.) Schltr. in Engl., Jahrb.
XXXVIII (1906) p. 139; Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII)
(1921) p. 44; — Thismia Winkleri Engl, in Engl.. Jahrb.
XXXVIII (1905) p. 89, with fig.; Engl., Pfl. Weh Afr. II in
Engl.-Drude, Veg. d. Erde IX (1908) p. 403 and fig. 283 p.400.

Plants 2,5—12 cm high, 1 or 2-flowered. Stem usually simple,
sometimes with a one-flowered side-branch. Part underground
to 4 cm long, rhizome with small tubers or bulbils. Leaves
ovate, acute, often keeled about 1,5 mm long and 1 mm broad.
Below each flower an ovate, keeled, acute bract, about 5 mm
long. Perianth geniculate, urceolate, 6-nerved, the part below
the knee 5 — 7 mm long, wine-red; on the knee colourless, the
part above the knee chrome. In the knee a slightly 6-lobed la-
mella. Perianth-lobes 6. equal in length and size, to 15 mm
long, narrowly triangular, hastate at the base, very longly acu-
minate at the apex. Throat of the corolla with an annulus, a
thicker margin. Perianth-lobes inserted on the annulus, just
above the side-lobes of the hastate base. Filaments about 1 mm
long, curved, inserted at the basal part of the perianth-wall,
not at the base. Anthers about 0,5 mm long, connective with a
triangular, fleshy appendage at the top. Stigma funnel-shaped
with 6 obtuse, small teeth at the margin. Top of the connective-
appendages grown together with the margin of the stigma-fun-
nel between the teeth. Style rather short, thick. Ovary 1-2 mm
long, obovoid. After flowering, only the placenta-column and

the 3 free, fertile placenta-tops remain as a globular body beset
with brown, oblong seeds.

2. Afrothismia pachyantha Schtr. in Engl., }ahrb. XXXVIII
(1906) p. 139, Fig. 1; Schlechter in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII)
(1921) p. 44; — Thismia pachyantha (Schtr.) Engl., Pfl. Welt
Afr. II (1908) p. 403 and p. 401, Fig. 284.

Plants 2—3 cm high, 1 —4-flowered. Stem simple. Under-
ground part of the plant about 3 cm long, rhizome with bulbils
as in the preceding species. Leaves ovate, acute, often keeled,
scalelike. Below each flower an acute bract, about 4 mm long.
Flowers about 1 cm long and 8 mm broad. Perianth urceolate,
zygomorphous but not geniculate, brownish. In the middle of
the perianth a lamella, this lamella not 6-lobed as in the prece-
ding species. Perianth-lobes 6, linear, up to 2 mm long, perhaps
shghtly unequal in length. Stamens 6, as in the preceding spe-
cies, connective-appendages connate with the margin of the
stigma. Stigma funnel-shaped, margin of the funnel divided
into 6 obtuse lobes, connective-appendages attached between
these lobes. In the throat of the flower an annulus. Style short
and thick, ovary and placentas as in the preceding species.
Whole flower and ovary deciduous after flowering, only the
placenta-column with the 3 free, fertile placenta-tops persistent.

Saprophytic herbs. Underground part a horizontal, vermi-
form rootstock (ex Taubert). Stem thick, fleshy. Leaves
ovate or lanceolate-ovate, scalelike. Flowers urceolate. Outer
perianth-lobes inserted in the basal part of the perianth-tube.
Inner ones peltate, on their inner surface a glandular, bowl-
shaped body. Anthers 6, hanging with short filaments on a
thick annulus in the throat of the perianth. Thecae dehiscing
in longitudinal direction. Style short, thick, bearing 3 cater-
pillar-shaped stigmas, grown together in the middle with the
swollen top of the style. Ovary 1-celled with 3 parietal pla-
centas as in the genus Gymnosiphon, but without glands. Ovu-
les ovoid, funicles rather long and thick. Capsule unknown.

1. Triscyphus fungiformis Taub, ex Warm, in Overs. Kgl.
Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. (1901) n. 6, p. 42; Taub, in Verh.
Bot. Ver. Brand., Jahrg. 36 (1894) p. LXVI (nomen); Schltr.
in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 42.

Plant high 9,5 cm. Stem compressed in the upper part, fleshy,
to 4 mm broad. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, erect, to 10
mm long. Flower about 2 cm long. Outer perianth-lobes ovate,
rounded at the apex, 9 mm long. Inner lobes peltate, nearly
round, 9 mm long. Inserted on the top-part of the inner lobes
a bowl-shaped, glandular body, with a diameter of about 6
mm. Annulus thick, fleshy, slightly 6-crenate, a stamen hangmg
on each annulus-lobe. Filaments very short, anthers oblong,
when young shortly obtuse-acuminate at the top. Stamens
about 3 mm long. Perianth-tube short, urceolate. 7,5 mm long,
wall insides transversally ribbed. Stigmas obtuse, style very
short. Ovary 4.5 mm long. The thick funicles about as long
as, or slightly longer than the ovules. Below the place where

the 3 caterpillar-shaped stigmas are connate, a hole with pro-
minent basal margin, to receive the pollen-grains.

Type: Glaziou 19909 a, from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), in
herb. C (ex Warm.), duphcate in herb. P.

de Janeiro, Alto Macahe, Nova Friburgo (Glaziou 19909a, fl. Dec
[C (ex Warming); P]).

Saprophytic herbs. Underground part unknown. Stem sim-
ple, with scalelike leaves. Flowers large, with 4 bracts at the
base. Tubular part of the perianth urceolate. Perianth-lobes 6,
outer three free. Inner three perianth-lobes free at the base
and connate at the top, forming a mitre with 3 holes. Inserted
at the top of the mitre 3 long, filiform, hanging appendages,
clavately swollen at their tops. Basal ring of the perianth-tube
thickened, persistent. Throat-margin of the perianth-tube
thickened to an annulus. Stamens 6, hanging at the annulus,
filaments broad, ribbon-shaped, about as long as the anthers.
Anthers cleaved together into a ring, filaments free. Style
short, thick, fleshy, swollen at the top. Stigma 3-winged, wings
ovate, at the margin beset with short hairs. Ovary with 3 pa-
rietal placentas. Funicles short. Capsule unknown.

1. Glaziocharis macahensis Taub. ex Warm, in Overs. KgL
Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. (1901) n. 6 p. 175 and pl. Ill; Taub.
m Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. Jahrg. 36 (1894) p. LXVI (nomen);
Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 End. VIII) (1921) p. 40.

Plant 5,5 cm high (without perianth-appendages). Stem sim-
ple, leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, to 3,5 mm long. Below the

flower 4 lanceolate, obtuse bracts. Flowers actinomorphous.
Tubular part of the perianth 9 mm long, constricted in the basal
part, broadened in the upper part. Annulus at the upper mar-
gin of the perianth-tube crenate. Outer perianth-lobes obtuse,
oblanceolate. Mitre, formed by the connate inner perianth-
lobes, about 3 mm longy Appendages of these inner lobes inser-
ted on the top of the mitre, fihform, very long, hanging down-
_ wards, about 48 mm long, top of the appendages clavately
swollen. Basal ring of the perianth-tube problably persistent on
the capsule, as in the genus Thismia. Style brownish, the swol-
len top dark-orange in dried material. Placentas short, parietal,
e. g. as in the genus Gymnosiphon.

Type: Glaziou 19909, from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) in herb.
C, duplicate in herb. K and P.

Saprophytic, fleshy herbs. Underground part tuberous
(sect. Myostoma and Ophiomeris), coralline (sect. Sarcosiphon)
or vermiform, creeping (sect. Rodwaya and Buthismia). Stems
usually short and unbranched, sometimes branched, sparsely
beset with small, reduced, scalelike leaves. Below the flowers
one or more scalelike, small bracts, often forming an involucre.
Flowers erect, usually actinomorphic, urceolate to campanula-
te, sometimes zygomorphic. Perianth-lobes 6, occasionally free
and of equal length and size, or inner ones larger, sometimes
inner lobes connivent at the apex or connate in the apical part
and forming an erect mitre with 3 holes; in this case outer lo-
bes very small, nearly lacking. Mitre of the perianth without
appendages at the apex. Perianth-tube urceolate or campanu-
late, sometimes geniculate. In the perianth-mouth a prominent

annulus. Anthers 6, hanging at the annulus, free or stuck to-
gether to an anther-tube. Filaments short, filiform or ribbon-
shaped, anthers sagittate or quandrangular. Sometimes between
the stamens short, triangular lobes, hanging at the annulus
(sect. Ophiomeris). Style thick and short, cylindrical or fili-
form, persistent, bearing at its apex 3 simple or bilobate stig-
mas. Ovary obconical or obovoid with 3 stalked placentas,
inserted at the bottom or parietally in the basal part of the
ovary-wall. Placentas sometimes also attached with apical
stalks to the roof of the ovary. Fruit fleshy, cup-shaped, crow-
ned by the persistent thick, fleshy, basal ring of the perianth-
tube and the persistent style and stigmas.

Distribution: 23 Species. Tropical America (Panama
and Brazil; sect. Myostoma and Ophiomeris); Tropical Asia
(Ceylon, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Malay Archipelago;
sect. Buthismia and Sarcosiphon); Chicago Area, New Zealand
and Tasmania (sect. Rodwaya).

b.nbsp;Inner perianth-lobes connivent at the apex. Under-
ground part vermiform, creeping [Sect. Rodwaya) ... 19

c.nbsp;Inner perianth-lobes connate at the apex to an erect
mitre with 3 holes. Underground part coralline. Ma-
layan Archipelago. (Sect. Sarcosiphon) ............... 20

form, short. Anthers sagittate. Underground part tu-
berous. Brazil. (Sect. Myostoma) ........................

b. Stamens broad, touching eachother, often stuck to-
gether to an anther-tube .................................... 3

b. Thecae not connate. Stamens quadrangular, someti-
mes teethed. Underground part vermiform, creeping.
Tropical Asia. (Sect. Euthismia) ........................ 8

b. Triangular lobes between the stamens lacking. An-
thers bifid at the apex only. Outer perianth-lobes
almost lacking, inner ones filiform. Perianth broadly
campanulate ..................... 2. T. Glaziovii Pouls.

h. Inner perianth-lobes triangular at the base, tapering
into fihform tentacles, about 35-40 mm long ......

b. Perianth-lobes triangular at the base, tapering into
long, filiform tentacles .................................... I3

b. Perianth-tube without balks. Apical anther-margin
with two teeth, each bearing a globose body at the
top. Stigmas funnel-shaped with prominent margin ...

erect, short, bearing a transverse part, hamate at the
base and broadened at the apex. Third part awl-
shaped, inserted on the broad apex of the second part

b. Perianth-tube without bars, stigmas deeply 2-lobed.
Anthers with 2 teeth at the apex, each bearing a stiff
hair. Ceylon ............ 15. T. Gardneriana Hook. f.

ring a stiff hair. Stamens and appendage of the con-
nective ciliate at the margins. Outer perianth-lobes

pmg, bearing 2-3 flowers ... 17. T. arachnites Ridl.
b. Outer perianth-lobes broadly ovate. Stem erect, 3-6-

ly. a. Anthers with two lateral teeth and a median thick
hair at the apical margin (New Zealand and Tas-
..................... 19. T. Rodwayi F. v. Muell.

ming a mitre with large holes. Anthers cihate at the
basal margins and the margins of the appendage,

b. Outer perianth-lobes spathulate, connate to a mitre
with rather small holes. Anthers not ciliate, truncate
at the apex ............... 21. T. crocea (Becc.) J. J. S.

h. Apical anther-margin with 3 teeth, each bearing a
stiff hair. Anthers constricted at the base, just above

Flowers actinomorphous. Outer perianth-lobes erect, conni-
vent. Stamens free, filaments filiform, anthers sagittate. Under-
ground part tuberous.

1. Thismia hyalina (Miers) Benth. ex F. v. Muell. in Bot.
Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. HI; - Myostoma hyalina Miers m
Trans. Linn. Soc. XXV (1866) p. 474. t. 57; Schlechter in
Fedde, Rep. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 41.

Saprophytical, leafless herbs. 4-13 cm high. Stem fleshy,
simple, 1-flowered at the apex. Underground part tuberous.
Bracts lanceolate, acute (acc. to Miers). Flowers up to 8
mm long. Perianth urceolate. inner perianth-lobes Imear-hli-
form, up to 9 mm long. Outer ones about 5 mm long and up to
3,5 mm broad, erect, reniform-cordate, connivent at the apex.
Perianth-tube about 7 mm long. Stamens 6, about 2,5 mm long,
anthers sagittate, hanging on short, filiform filaments. Anthers

not connate into an anther-tube. Style short, thick, bearing 3
erect, lanceolate stigmas at the apex, style with stigmas 3-4
mm long. Ovary obconical, about 4 mm long. Capsule cup-
shaped, 3-5 mm long and 3-8 mm broad (pressed). Seeds
ellipsoid with rather loose testa. Funicle about as long as the
seed.

Flowers actinomorphous or zygomorphous. Outer perianth-
lobes reflexed. Stamens touching eachother, often more or less
stuck together. Filaments ribbon-shaped, anthers broad, bifid
at the apex. Thecae connate. Underground part tuberous.

- Triuricodon Glaziovii (Pouls.) Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd'
VIII) (1921) p. 41.

Plants 3-10 cm high. Root-system tuberous. Stem erect
simple, eafless, one-flowered. Flowers, with appendages, about
22 mm long, with 3 scalelike, 2 mm' long, ovate, acute bracts at
he base. Perianth rather broad, campanulate. about 7 mm long.
Inner perianth-lobes papillose at the margin, ovate, tapering
nto fihform appendages, about 13 mm long. Outer perianth-
lobes broad, short, rounded, almost lacking. Stamens hanging
in the throat of the perianth at a 6-lobed annulus. Filaments
as broad as the anthers and connectives. Stamens free in young

flowers (ex Po u 1 s e n), but in old dried specimens stuck to-
gether to a stamen-tube. Basal part of the connective bifid in
two lanceolate lobes. Style short, thick-filiform, fleshy, bearing
a 3-lobed to 3-fid stigma. Stigma-lobes broad-obovate, obtuse.
Ovary about 2 mm long, with 3 free, stalked placentas, inser-
ted parietal-basally. Fruit fleshy, obconical, ribbed, about 4 mm
long, crowned by the persistent style and the persistent basal
perianth-ring.

Type: Glaziou 18558, from Rio de Janeiro, in herb. C, du-
plicates in herb. B, K, P.

3. Thismia macahensis (Miers) Benth. ex F. v. Muell. in Bot.
Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. 140; Warming in Overs. Kgl.
Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. (1901) n. 6, p. 182; - Ophiomeris
macahensis Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1 (1847) p. 329; Miers in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XX (1851) p. 374, tab. 15; Schlechter in No-
tizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 43; Schlechter in Fedde, Rep.
XX (1924) p. 297.

Erect, saprophytical herb, about 4 cm high. Stem fleshy, sim-
ple, 1-flowered at the apex. Underground part tuberous. Tube
about 5 mm long and 5 mm broad with hairlike roots, about
10 mm long. Stem leafless, below the flower a lanceolate, acute
bract, about 3 mm long. Flower (without tentacles) about 10
mm long. Outer perianth-lobes reniform-cordate, 2—3 mm long,
inner ones transformed into long, filiform tentacles, about 10
mm long. Perianth very zygomorphic. Perianth-tube about 6 mm
long. Anthers hanging, alternating with short, triangular, hang-
ing lobes. Filaments broad, ribbon-shaped; triangular lobes and
filaments connate at the base to a short tube. Connective sagit-
tate at the base, bilobed at the apex. Sagittate lateral lobes and
terminal lobes of the connectives stuck together at their margin.

Thecae inserted at the margin of the connective between the
two terminal lobes. Ovary very small, obconical to patelliform.
Style thick, bearing at the apex 3 lanceolate, acute, papillose
stigmas. Style with stigmas about 3 mm long. Capsule cup-
shaped, about 4 mm long, up to 5 mm broad (pressed).

3a. Thismia iguassensis (Miers) Benth. ex F. v. Muell in
Bot. Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. 140; Warming in Overs. Kgl.
Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. (1901) n. 6 p. 182; - Ophiomeris
iguassensis Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. I (1847) p. 329; Miers in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XX (1851) p. 374; Schlechter in Notizbl 71
(Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 43.

Described from fruiting material, quite similar to fruiting spe-
cimens of r. macahensis. Below the fruit 4 lanceolate, acute
bracts. Possibly indentical with one of the South-American
Thismias.

fleshy, leafless, one-flowered. Flower erect, about 13 mm long
(without appendages), with 4 ovate-lanceolate, up to 4 mm
long bracts at the base. Perianth about 9 mm long, equal in
length and width, urceolate-campanulate, very zygomorphic;
owing to a large one-sided sagging. Inner perianth-lobes ovate,
tapering at the apex into fihform appendages, up to 40 mm
long. Outer lobes ovate, rounded, reflexed. Annulus prominent-
ly 3-lobed, alternating with the inner lobes. Anthers hanging,
alternating with small, hanging triangular lobes. Filaments
broad, grown together at their insertion with the triangular lo-
bes to a short tube. Thecae oblong, parallel. Connective sagit-
tate above the thecae, bilobate below the anthers, without hairs
or filiform appendages. Sagittate lateral lobes and terminal lo-
bes of the connective cleaved together at their margins. Style
thick-filiform, conical at the base, bearing at its apex 3 hnear
stigmas. Style papillose in its lower part, hairy at the apex.
Ovary about 2 mm long, obovate. Placentas parietal, inserted
on very short stalks. Fruit fleshy, obconical, about 3 mm long,
crowned by the persistent basal ring of the perianth-tube and
the persistent style. Seeds numerous. Funicles longer than the

Type; Dodge 3484, from the Canal Zone, Panama, in herb,
US, duplicate in herb. GH.

Distribution: This species, though closely related with
the preceding and next species, is only known from the Canal
Zone in Panama.

Sn™ ne, Barro Colorado Mand (Zetek s n [Fl ; Kenoye^ 247^0 Jul -
Aug. [US]); id., along Pearson Trail (Dodge 3484 f . Jul. [GH, US]), id.,
along Shannon Trail (Dodge 3460. fl. Jul. [GH, US|).

5. Thismia janeirensis Warm, in Kgl. Dansk. Vid. Selsk.
Forh. (1901) p. 183 and fig. 3; - Myostoma janevrensrs
(Warm.) Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 41.

rather fleshy, leafless, one-flowered. Flower erect, about II
mm long (without appendages), with 4 ovate-lanceolate obtuse
scales at the base. Perianth about 9 mm long, urceolate, slight-
ly zygomorphic or nearly actinomorphic. Inner perianth-lobes
about the same length as the tubular part, filiform, outer lobes
ovate, rounded at the apex, reflexed. Annulus prominently 3-
lobed. Anthers hanging, alternating with small, hanging, triangu-
lar lobes. Filaments broad, connate at their insertion with the
triangular lobes to a short tube. Thecae oblong, parallel. Con-
nective sagittate above the thecae, bilobate below the anthers,
without hairs or filiform appendages. Sagittate lateral lobes and
terminal lobes of the connectives cleaved together with their
margins. Style thick-fihform, fleshy, bearing at its apex 3 linear
stigmas. Style papillose in its lower part, hairy at the apex.
Ovary about 2 mm long, obovate, placentas parietal, inserted on
very short stalks. Fruit fleshy, obconical, about 3 mm long,
crowned by the 1,5 mm long persistent basal ring of the peri-
anth-tube and the persistent style. Seeds many, ovoid, brown.
Funicles longer than the seeds.

6. Thismia Luetzelburgii Goeb. et Suessg. in Flora n. F.
XVII (1924) p. 56; — Ophiomeris macahensis non Miers,
Schltr. in Fedde, Rep. XX (1924) p. 299.

Plants about 6-12 cm high. Stem slender, simple, one-flo-
wered, leafless. Root-system tuberous with small tubers at the
end of the roots. Flowers erect, yellowish-white, about 9 mm
long, with 4 lanceolate-ovate, about 3 mm long bracts at the
base. Perianth urceolate-campanulate, slightly zygomorphic.

about 6 mm long (without the filiform lobes). Outer perianth-
lobes ovate, rounded, reflexed, inner ones filiform, about 5 mm
long, clavately swollen at the apex. Annulus prominent with 3
large and 3 small lobes. Stamens hanging, sagittate, bilobate at
their basal margin, cleaved together with their lateral appen-
dages. Alternating with the anthers triangular, hanging lobes.
Anthers grown together at their insertion, forming a short tube
with the triangular lobes. Filaments nearly 1 mm broad, broa-
der than in the preceding American species. Style thick-filiform,
rather long, about 1,5 mm long. Stigmas 3, linear, papillose in
the lower part, long-pilose in the upper part. Ovary about 2,5
mm long, conical, with 3 free, stalked placentas, parietally
inserted. Ovules numerous, funicle longer than the ovules.
Fruit fleshy, about 4 mm long, obconical, crowned by the per-
sistent basal margin of the perianth-tube and the persistent
style. Seeds numerous.

Type: v. Luetzelburg 16040, from Rio Mutum, Brazil (Es-
pirito Santo) in herb. M.

Espirito Santo, Rio Mutum, Branch of Rio Doce (v. Luetzelburg
16040, fl. Feb. [M]).

Perianth-lobes free. Stamens quadrangular, stuck together
to a stamen-tube. Anthers entire or teethed at the apical mar-
gin, not bifid. Root-system vermiform.

7. Thismia chrysops Ridl. in Ann. Bot. IX (1895) p- 323;
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 41 (1904) p. 34; Ki .,

Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p. 75; Schlechter in Notizbl. 71
(Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 36; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p
308.

Saprophytica] herb, about 15 mm high. Root system consis-
ting of rather thick, unbranched roots. Stem colourless, usually
simple, mostly 1-flowered at the apex. Leaves scalelike, colour-
less, hnear-lanceolate, acute, up to 4 mm long, sometimes more
or less imbricate. Bracts lanceolate, about 4 mm long. Flowers
with geniculate tube; lower part of tube, below the knee rose
pink with longitudinal striae, limb and upper tube-part choco-
late-brown, perianth-mouth yellow. Limb consisting of 6 papil-
lose, equal lobes, about 7 mm long, lanceolate in the lower part,
tapering into filiform tails. Annulus prominent, shghtly 6-lobed.
Perianth-tube geniculate, lower part about 3 mm long, urceolate,
upper part about 5 mm long, also urceolate. Anthers quadrangu-
lar with a thick hair on both sides of the basal margin and a
broad winghke appendage inserted on the midhne of the con-
nective. Style cylindrical, very short, bearing 3 erect, oblong,
bifid stigmas at its apex. Ovary obconical, about 1 mm long.
Capsule cup-shaped, fruit-stalk elongate.

8. Thismia racemosa Ridl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As: Soc.
69 (1915) p. 13; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen. (1924) p. 307.

Plants about 5 cm high, stems several together, erect, occa-
sionnally branched. Roots numerous. Bracts narrow, linear,
acuminate, about 3 mm long. Flowers 4—6 in a raceme, pedi-
cels about 1-1,5 cm long. Perianth-hmb about 7 mm wide,
perianth-lobes 6, equal in length and size, short, triangular-
ovate, blunt. Annulus prominent, large, mouth-opening of the

perianth very small. Perianth-tube about 6 mm long, cylindri-
cal, rather stout, basal ring of the tube thick, fleshy.

Fruit cup-shaped, about 3—4 mm long, crowned by the per-
sistent basal perianth-ring (and the persistent style?).

Type: Burn Murdoch 178, from the Malay Peninsula, Pa-
hang, in herb. Singapore(?).

9. Thismia grandiflora Ridl. in Ann. Bot. IX (1895) p. 324;
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 41 (1904^ p. 34; Ridley,
Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. II (1907) p. 74; Schlechter in Notizbl. 71
(Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 36; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. IV (1924)
p. 308.

Saprophytic herb, about 3 cm high. Root-system consisting
of thick, vermiform, unbranched roots, about 15 mm long. Stem
terete, fleshy, simple, 1-flowered at the apex. At the base of the
stem 2 thick, scalehke, acute, lanceolate leaves, about 5 mm
long, beset with terete processes on the back. Below the flower
2 bracts of equal length and shape as the leaves, also beset with
processes on the back. Flower with its perianth-lobes 21 mm
long. Perianth urceolate. tube rose pink with longitudinal striae,
limb and ovary brownish. Perianth-lobes 6, of equal length and
size. 8 mm long, ovate-triangular in the basal part, tapering at
the apex into filiform tails, Annulus prominent, slightly 12-lo-
bed. Anthers hanging, quadrangular, not or scarcely stuck to-
gether to a tube. Connective with two lateral teeth at its basal
margin and a winglike, broad appendage inserted on the mid-
line of the connective. Style thick, short, fleshy, bearmg 3 bifid
erect, papillose stigmas. Ovary about 4 mm long, obovoid and
truncate to obconical. Fruit unknown.

10. Thismia fumida Ridl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc
XXII (1890) p. 338; Ridley, Mat. FL Mai. Pen. II (1907) p.
74; Schlechter in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 36; Ridley
Fl. Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 307.

Small, succulent, saprophytical, slender, conspicuous herbs,
about 10 cm high. Rhizome brownish with 3 or 4 simple,'
whitish, solitary stems, bearing one or two flowers. Stem-scales
appressed, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, very small. Flowers
about 0,5-1 cm long, hmb consisting of 6 greenish-grey, sprea-
ding perianth-lobes, equal in length and size; limb about 1 cm
across. Tube almost cylindrical, slightly narrowed above the
ovary and broadened towards the limb, white with pink stripes
Annulus prominent. Stamens? Style very short, bearing 3 small
recurved, simple? stigmas. Ovary short, obconical. Capsule cup-
shaped, rather broad, the outside scabrid and ribbed, crowned
by the crenulate basal ring of the perianth-tube.

Type: Ridley s.n., from Singapore, Chan Chu Kang, in
herb.? A good drawing can be found in herb.K.

S i n g a p o r e, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley s.n., ex R i d 1 e y 1 c )
Selangor, Petaling (Ridley s.n. ex R i d 1 e y I.e.)

11. Thismia Aseroe Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 252 and
tav. X, fig. 2; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. XXII
(1890) p. 336; F. v. Muell. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. (1891)

p. 235; id. in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. 141; Groom in
Ann. Bot. IX (1895) p. 327 and PI. XIV, fig. 19 and 20; Ridley
Mat. Flor. Mai. Renins. II (1907) p. 74; Schlechter in Notizbl.
71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 36; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Renins. IV
(1924) p. 308.

Plants 3—8,5 cm high, stem rather thick, somewhat fleshy,
yellowish, simple or sometimes branched, 1—2-flowered. Roots
vermiform, creeping. Leaves few, scalelike, lanceolate, obtuse,
tq 4 mm long. Flowers with an involucre, consisting of lanceo-
late bracts. Perianth obconic-campanulate, dirty-yellow in the
lower part, bright orange-yellow in the upper tube-part and
the limb. Lower part of the wall of the perianth-tube, about
5 mm, with transversal balks, upper 6 mm without balks. Peri-
anth-tube about 11 mm long. Perianth-lobes 6, equal in length
and size, triangular, about 1 mm long, terminated by 6 mm
long, bright-orange tentacles. Stamens hanging down on a
rather broad, prominent annulus in the mouth of the perianth-
tube. Thecae oblong, in the upper part of the anthers, in the
lower part two nectaries. On the basal margin of each anther
3 filiform appendages. In the lower part of each anther a broad
tetragonous wing, inserted on the connective, these wings much
broader than the anthers. Anthers connate and forming together
an anther-tube. Ovary obovoid to obconical, about 3 mm long.
Style short, fleshy, thickened in the basal part, bearing at the
top three oblanceolate, acute stigmas. Style persistent on the
capsule. Capsule fleshy, ribbed, brown, about 5 mm long. After
flowering, stalks of the capsule lengthening about 5—7 mm
above the involucre. Seeds ellipsoid-oblong, ribbed.

Singapore, Woodlands (Beccari s.n 1. May ™
ley s.n. fl Sept. [BM; K]; Schlechter 15834, fl. Dec. [B], Wmkler 1/12,

12. Thismia Ophiuris Becc., Malesia I (1877) p 252- F v
Muell. in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. 141; Schlechter in
Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921 gt;■ p. 36.

Plants about 2—6 cm high, pale-gray. Stems simple or bran-
ched, rather thick, fleshy, 1-2-flowered. Leaves scalelike, lan-
ceolate, obtuse, to 4 mm long. Flowers with an involucre of
several, lanceolate, obtuse, 3-4 mm long and 1 mm broad sca-
les at the base. Flowers yellowish-brown, perianth urceolate.
Tubular part without balks, about 9 mm long. Perianth-lobes
6, equal in length and size, about 13 mm long (with tentacles),
triangular, terminated by long, filiform tentacles. Stamens
hanging in the perianth-mouth on the rather broad and thick,
slightly 6-lobed annulus. Insertion of the stamens broad, then
narrowed into the filaments and again broadened into the qua-
drangular anthers, forming together an anther tube. Basal mar-
gin of each anther bearing two teeth, with globose glands at
the top. Ovary about 5 mm long, obovoid to obconic, style thick,
short, bearing three sessile, funnel-shaped, circumvallated stig-
mas. Capsule fleshy, ribbed; style, stigmas and the thick, basal
perianth-ring persistent on the fruit. Seeds oblong with longitu-
dinal ribs. Funicles about the same length as the seeds.

(Beccari s.n., fl. Aug. [FIl)
^^British N. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Penibukan (Clemens s.n., fl. March

13.nbsp;Thismia labiata J.J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., Ser. 3. IX
(1927) p. 220.

Stem simple, about 22 mm long. Stem-scales ovate, acute, ap-
pressed, about 1,5 mm long. Root-system vermiform. Flowers
with an involucrum of 3 ovate-lanceolate, acute scales at the
base, about 5,5 mm long.

Perianth urceolate in the basal part, bilabiate-zygomorphous
in the upper part. Outer perianth-lobes broad-ovate in their
basal part, rounded at the, apex, with a subulate appendage in-
serted below the top, total length about 2,5 mm. Inner lobes
linear to fihform, subulate, about 5 mm long. A thick, fleshy
upper-lip bent over the opening of the perianth-tube. On the
back of the upper-hp one inner and two outer perianth-lobes.
Between the two lips the other two inner lobes, one on each
side of the flower. The third outer lobe inserted on the middle
of the lower lip. Stamens stuck together to a stamen-tube, qua-
drangular with rounded, ciliate apical margin. Thecae elongate,
filaments as broad as the anthers and connectives. Outer side
of the stamen-tube beset with short scattered hairs, no appen-
dage. Style rather short, conical, thick, fleshy. The three stig-
mas connate to a capituhform. 3-lobed stigma. Ovary obconic.
Fruit crowned by the persistent style and stigma and the fleshy
basal ring of the perianth-tube.

14.nbsp;Thismia Neptunis Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 251; v.
Mueller in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. HI; Schlechter in
Notizbl 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 36.

long. Stem 4—25 mm long, simple, rather thick, fleshy, 1-flo-
wered, beset with few, lanceolate, acute, scalelike leaves, about
3 mm long. Flowers with an involucre of 3 lanceolate, acute,
4—6 mm long scales at the base. Flowers about 7,5 mm long
without the tentacles. Outer perianth-lobes simple, recurved, fili-
form with triangular base, about 4,5 mm long. Inner perianth-
lobes erect, about 15 mm long, consisting of 3 parts. Basal part
erect, very short, inserted at the top of the tube, bearing a trans-
versal, peculiarly shaped part with hamate base and a broade-
ned, rounded apex. Inserted on this apex the erect, long, awl-
shaped third part of the lobe. Perianth-tube urceolate, about 6
mm long, with 6 longitudinal stripes. Annulus prominent. Fila-
ments short, ribbon-shaped. Anthers quadrangular, 3-toothed at
the base, stuck together to an anther tube. Style very short, cy-
lindrical, conical at the base, bearing at its apex 3 erect, simple,
lanceolate, acute stigmas. Style with stigmas about 1,5 mm

15. Thismia Gardnerianai Hook. f. in Thw., Enum. Pl.
Zeyl. (1864) p. 325; Hook., Fl. Br. Ind. V (1890) p. 666; Tri-
men, Fl. Ceyl. IV (1898) p. 132; Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd.
VIII) (1921) p. 36; — Tribrachys Gardneriana Champ, mss.,
ex Hook., Fl. Br. Ind. V (1890) p. 666; - Thismia Brunonis
non Griff., Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. XX (1851) p. 376 and
PL XV, fig. 20 and 21.

Saprophytic herbs, 2,5—10 cm high. Root-system vermiform.
Stem usually simple, 1 —5-flowered. Leaves appressed, ovate,
acute, about 3 mm long. Flowers about 18 mm long. Perianth-

tube urceolate-campanulate, about 9 mm long. Outer perianth-
lobes broad, rotundate, about 1,5 mm long. Inner lobes subu-
late, filiform, about 15 mm long, clavately swollen at the top.
Annulus prominent, bearing 6 hanging stamens, together con-
nected into a 4,5 mm long stamen-tube. Filaments about as
broad as the anthers and connective. Thecae broad-oblong, pa-
rallel. Basal margin of the connective with 2 teeth, each of
them tapering into a stiff hair. Lateral margins of the connec-
tive with a yellow glandular spot. Connective bearing a large,
quadrangular, winghke appendage, inserted at the midline of
the connective, broader than the connective. Ovary obovoid to
obconical, about 4 mm long. Style thick, fleshy, conical, bearing
at the top 3 bifid stigmas. Stigma-lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtuse.
Basal part of the style papillose. Style and stigmas together about
4 mm long. Placentas 3, not connate, inserted with 3 free stalks
at the bottom of the ovary. From the top of the placentas 3 stalks
arising, inserted at the upper surface of the ovary. Fruit fleshy,
obconical, about 4 mm long, crowned by a persistent basal pe-
rianth- ring and the persistent style with the dried stigmas.

nZlT. near Galle (Champion s.n [K]): H-esse ,
Palabadala (Trimen s.n. [B]); without locality (Champion s.n. [l-eraaeniy

16. Thismia javanica J.J.S. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. XXIII
(1910) p. 32 and Taf. IX; Bernard u. Ernst in Ann ard «ot.
Buit. XXIII (1910) p. 36; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Jav. I (1911) p.
344; Schlechter in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 36; Meyer
in Ber. D. Bot. Ges. XLIII (1925) p. 193; v. Steenis in Trop.
Nat. XXIII (1934) p. 53 and fig. 13; ^ T/« ^^na
non Miq., JaL in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. XIV (1897) p^ 82 and
pl. IX f^. 17; Meyer in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. (1909) p.l.

branched, 1 —5-flowered. Leaves scalelike, simple, ovate or lan-
ceolate-ovate, obtuse, about 3 mm long. One flower, with 3
scalelike bracts at the base, inserted on the same height, one
of these bracts sometimes bearing in its axil a short branch with
a one-bracted flower. Perianth-tube about 7 mm long, urceola-
te, whitish, with 12 longitudinal, orange stripes. Wall of the
tube inside with longitudinal balks, connected by many trans-
versal balks. Outer perianth-lobes ovate, obtuse, inner ones
triangular, terminated in long, filiform tentacles, to 30 mm long.
Stamens hanging down on a 6-lobed annulus in the mouth of the
perianth-tube. Filaments tapering into the connective; thecae
oblong, divergent, in the middle of the stamen. Connective with
3 teeth on its apical margin, each tooth bearing a hair at its top.
On the lateral margin of the stamen, in the apical part, a yellow
spot (nectary?). At the same height, inserted on the outer side of
the stamen, in the middle, a broad quadrangular appendage,
broader than the stamen. The 3 free margins of the appendage
shortly strigose. Connectives connected to a stamen-tube. Style
short, thick, fleshy, orange-coloured. Stigmas sessile, truncate.
Ovary obovoid, about 3 mm long. Capsule fleshy, orange-co-
loured, about 6 mm long, style and basal perianth-ring per-
sistent. Seeds ellipsoid.

Batavia, near Buitenzorg (Valeton s.n. [BZ]; Raciborsky s.n. [BZ];
Nongnong s n., fl. Jan. [BZ]; Unknown collector s.n. [L]); Tjibeureum nfar
Bmtenzorg (Nongnong s n., fl. Dec. [BZ]; Koorders 40361b fl.'March ßZ])

E^^NCo^st Afd. Deli en Serdang, Onderafd. Boven Deli, Sibolangit
(Docters van Leeuwen 7725, fl. Feb. [BZ]; Docters van Leeuwen 12779, fl.
Sept. [BZ]; Lörzing 4231. fl. Feb. [BZ])

17.nbsp;Thismia arachnites Ridl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc.
44 (1905) p. 197; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. II (1907) p. 74;
Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. IV (1924) p. 307.

Succulent, saprophytic herbs with 2,5-7,5 cm long, cree-
ping stems, bearing 2-3 flowers. Bracts lanceolate, acute, about
6 mm long. Peduncles (in flower) about 12 mm long. Outer
perianth-lobes short, rounded, ear-shaped. Inner ones long-
caudate by slender white tails, about 37 mm long. Perianth-tube
urceolate, narrowed at the base, up to 2 cm long, semitranspa-
rent with numerous vertical ribs and numerous alternate trans-
versal bars, whitish with 6 red vertical streaks in the upper
part. Stamens about 6 mm long, oblong-quadrangular. Connec-
tive with an oval perforation close to the base and numerous
short teeth at the apex. Style short and thick, bearing 3 stigmas.
Fruit cup-shaped, length and breadth about 6 mm, edges thicke-
ned, fleshy.

n845) t, 341- Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. HI (1855) p. 616; F. v.
(1845) p. 341,nbsp;140; Schlechter in

lanceolate, acute, appressed scales. Bracts lanceolate, acute,
slightly longer than the stem-scales. Stem bearing 3—8 flowers
in an apical raceme. Outer perianth-lobes reflexed, broadly
ovate, obtuse. Inner ones triangular at the base, caudate in
long, thick, filiform tails. Perianth urceolate, perianth-tube
yellowish with 12 longitudinal balks, connected by many trans-
versal balks. Stamens hanging at a 6-lobed annulus in the mouth
of the perianth, stuck together to a stamen-tube. Filaments
ribbon-shaped, constricted in the middle, forming oval perfora-
tions in the stamen-tube. Anthers quadrangular, with numerous
teeth at the apical margin. Style short, thick, bearing 3 bifid,
papillose stigmas at its apex, stigma-lobes acute. Ovary obconi-
cal. Placentas inserted with apical and basal stalks to the roof
and the base of the ovary. Ovules with rather long funiculus.
Fruit cup-shaped, fleshy, crowned by the persistent, thick,
fleshy, basal ring of the perianth-tube and the persistent style
and stigmas.

Inner perianth-lobes bent inwards so that the tops are tou-
ching, tops of the inner lobes sometimes slightly connate. Outer
lobes free, reflexed, as large as the inner ones. Root-system
vermiform.

19. Thismia Rodwayi F. v. Muell. in Vict. Nat. (1890) p,
110; F. V. Muell. in Pap. and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. for 1890
(1891) p. 232, with fig.; F. v. Muell. in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLV
(1891) p. 63, 125 and 257; id. XLVI (1891) p. 139; - Bagni^
sia Rodwayi F. v. Muell. in Pap. and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.
l.c; F. V. Muell. in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLV (1891) p. 257; id.

XLVI (1891) p. 139; — Rodzvaya thismiacea F. v. Muell. in
Vict. iNat. (1890) p. 110; F. v. Muell. in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLV
(1891) p. 63 and 125; — Sarcosiphon Rodwayi (F. v. Muell.)
Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 39; - Bagnisia
Hillii Cheesem. in Kew Bull. (1908) p. 420; Cheeseman, 111.
New Zeal. Fl. II (1914) pi. 191; — Sarcosiphon Hillii (Chee-
sem.) Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 39.

Very small saprophytic herbs. Stems erect, simple, one-
flowered, arising from a creeping, vermiform root-system. Flo-
wers sometimes sessile on the root-system or nearly so. Leaves
small, ovate, scalelike, appressed, 2-5 mm long. At the base of
the flower 3 scalelike bracts. Flowers about 14 mm long. Pe-
rianth-tube about 6 mm long, flesh-coloured with 12 longitudi-
nal coloured stripes, 6 stronger and 6 fainter coloured. Tube
urceolate, suddenly narrowed in the lower part, narrow lower
part about 2 mm long, upper part about 4 mm.

Perianth-lobes 6, slightly unequal in length, about 5 mm long.
Outer lobes recurved, slightly broader and shorter than the
inner lobes. Inner lobes lanceolate, converging at the apex,
cristate by a prominent midline, shghtly connate at the top,
easy to separate. Stamens hanging on a prominent 6-lobed
annulus. The pale anthers and connective broader than the dark
red filaments. Connectives connected to an anther-tube. Thecae
oblong, parallel. Inserted between the thecae a winglike anther-
appendage, about as broad as the anthers, shortly strigose at its
basal margin. Apical margin of the connective with a thick me-
dian hair and at both sides two horns. Style with the stigmas
about 2 mm long, style thin-cylindrical, fleshy, whitish, stig-
mas truncate-obovate. shortly 2-lobed. Ovary obovoid, colour-
less. Ovulus numerous, funicles longer than the ovules.

Type; Rodway s.n., from Tasmania, in herb. Melbourne(?),
duplicates in herb. B and K.

Derwent Riv., Derwent (Rodway s.n., fl. Nov. [B; K]); E slope of Mt.
Wellington (Rodway s.n., ex Ferd. v. Mueller I.e.).

North Island, County Taupo, Opepe, Lake Taupo (Hill s.n. [BM],
type of Bagnisia Hillii Cheesem.).

20. Thismia americana Pfeiffer in Bot. Gaz. LVII (1914)
p. 122 etc. and PI. VII—XI; Pepoon, Fl. Chic. Reg. (1927)
p. 231; Fernald in Rhodora XXXIII (1931) p. 58; also in Contr.
Gray Herb. XCIII (1931) p. 58; — Sarcosiphon americanus
(Pfeiff.) Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 39.

Very small, saprophytic herbs. Stems erect, simple, about 6
mm high, one-flowered, arising from a white, creeping, vermi-
form root-system. Leaves very small, ovate, acute, scalelike,
appressed, one-nerved, not keeled. Bracts at the base of the
flowers, to 4 mm long and 2 mm broad. Flowers about 13 mm
long. Perianth-tube urceolate-geniculate, about 7 mm long; basal
part, below the knee, 2 mm long, upper part, above the knee,
5 mm long. Perianth-lobes 6, equal in length and size, about 7
mm long, lanceolate, cristate. Outer lobes recurved. Inner
lobes convergent at the top, slightly connate at the apex, easy
to separate. Mouth of the perianth-tube nearly closed by a
disk of tissue, the central aperture surrounded by a prominent
annulus. Filaments as broad as the anthers and connectives,
connective without appendages. Thecae oblong, parallel. Style
very short, thick, fleshy; stigmas 3, rather long, erect, lanceo-
late. Style and stigmas about 2 mm long. Ovary obovoid, about
2 mm long.

Type; Pfeiffer s.n., from U.S.A., Chicago (III), in herb.
F?, duphcate in herb. MIS.

Obs.: I only saw one specimen from herb. MIS, in P f e i f-
f e r's description the flower is said to be actinomorphous.

Outer perianth-lobes suppressed, inner ones connate to an
erect mitre with 3 holes. Root-system coralline.

21. Thismia crocea (Becc.) J.J.S. in Nov. Guin. VIII.l
(1909) p. 193; J. J. Smith in Ann. Jard. Buit. XXIV (2me Série,
Vol. IX) (1911) p. 57; — Bagnisia crocea Becc., Malesia I
(1877) p. 249, tav. XII; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As.
Soc. 41 (1904) p. 34; Ridley, Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. II (1907) p.
75; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen. IV (1924) p. 308; — Sarcosiphon
croceus (Becc.) Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p.
38; — Thismia Versteegii J. J. S. in Nov. Guin. VIII.l (1909) p.
193 and Tab. XLIX; J. J. Smith in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. XXIV
(1911) p. 58 and pl. IX; — Sarcosiphon Versteegii (J. J. S.)
Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 38.

Saprophytic herbs, about 6 cm high. Root-system coralloid.
Stem simple, fleshy, 1 —3-fIowered. Leaves to 6 mm long, ap-
pressed in the basal part, lanceolate, acute. Flowers about 10
mm long. At the base of the flowers 3 ovate-lanceolate, acute
bracts. Perianth-tube urceolate, ribbed, about 6 mm long, red-
dish-brown in the upper part, yellowish-orange in the middle
and white at the base. Outer perianth-lobes broad, short, roun-
ded. Inner lobes connate to a thick, erect mitre, length about
2 mm, with 3 narrow holes and 3 prominent midribs. Mitre
obtuse, not acuminate, dirty reddish-brown. Annulus sligthly
12-lobed. Anthers connate to an anther-tube, broader than the
filaments. Stamens not hairy, anthers with connective quadran-
gular. Thecae oblong, parallel. Hanging on the basal part of
the connective a short, broad appendage, margins of the appen-
dage curled up. Style short, thick, fleshy, bearing 3 ovoid, ob-
tuse, papillose stigmas. Ovary about 2 mm long, light reddish-
brown, ovule ovoid. Funicles about as long as the ovules. Fruit
fleshy, ribbed, obovoid to cup-shaped, crowned by the per-
sistent style and the basal, thick, fleshy ring of the perianth-

tube. Fruit-stalk thick, fleshy, thicker than the stem, lengthened
after flowering about 16 mm above the bracts.

Perak, Larut Hills below Mt. Hijau (Thaiping Hills) (observed by
Kidley, not preserved).nbsp;'

O b s.: Ridley described this specimen in Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen.
II (1907) p. 75 as Bagnisia crocea Becc., var. brunnea Ridl.

22. Thismia clandestina (Bl.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. Ill (1855)
p. 616; F. v. Muell. in Pap. and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. for
1890 (1891) p. 235; F. v. Muell in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLV (1891)
p. 258; id. XLVI (1891) p. 141; J. J. Smith in Ann. Jard. Bot.
Buit. XXIV (1911) p. 55; Ernst u. Bernard in Ann. Jard. Bot.
Buit. XXIV (1911) p. 61; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Jav. I (1911) p.
343; V. Steenis in Trop. Nat. XXIII (1934) p. 52; — Sarco-
siphon clandestinus Bl. in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I (1849) p. 65
and t. 18; Walp.. Ann. Ill (1852) p. 609; Schlechter in Notizbl.
71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 38.

Plants about 4 or 5 cm high. Root-system coralloid. Stems 1
or 2-flowered, erect, thick, fleshy. Leaves scalelike, mostly ap-
pressed, scalehke, acuminate, to 5 mm long. At the base of the
flower 3 scalelike, ovate bracts. Flowers about 10 (13) mm
long, erect. Perianth-tube urceolate, about 2,5 (4,5) mm long,
greenish-grey, with 12 longitudinal, brownish-black stripes. Al-
most lacking outer perianth-lobes, inner lobes connate to a 2,5

(4,5) mm long, acuminate mitre with 3 holes. Annulus promi-
nent, 6-lobed. Stamens 6, rectangular, hanging down on the an-
nulus-lobes, connected to a tube with 6 holes in the upper part.
Margin of the filaments and upper part of the anthers beset
with short hairs. Thecae oblong, inserted on the margin of the
anthers.

Connective bearing at its basal margin 2 teeth, tapering into
stiff hairs. On the basal part of the connective a large, winghke
appendage, inserted on the midline of the connective. Appen-
dage bearing bundles of hairs on the angles and on the median,
basal part. Style thick, short, fleshy, bearing 3 ovate, at the
apex 2-lobed, papillose, whitish stigmas. Ovary obovoid, about
3 mm long. Style and basal perianth-ring persistent on the fruit.
Ovules ovoid, funicle about the same length as the ovule. Cap-
sule about 5 mm long, fleshy, papillose. Seeds numerous.

Batavia, Pangerango (Blume s.n. [L]; Deistel s.n., fl. Jan. [B]); Depok
(Bernard s.n. [BZ]); Pasir Tjihideung, near Leuwiliang (Bakhuizen v. d.
Brink fil. 3322 (3324), fl, and fr. Jun. [BZ; U]).

23. Thismia episcopalis (Becc.) F. v Muell in Pap. and Proc.
Roy. Soc. Tasm. for 1890 (1891) p. 235; F. v. Muell. in Bot.
Centr. Bl. XLV (1891) p. 235; id., XLVI (1891) p. 141; J. J.
Smith in Nov. Guin. VlII.l (1907) p. 193; J. J. Smith in Ann.
Jard. Bot. Buit. XXIV (1911) p. 57; - Geomitra cpiscopahs
Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 250 and Tav. XI; - Bagnisia cpis-
copahs (Becc.) Engl, in Engl. u. Prand, Nat. Pfl. Fam. II.6
(1889) p. 48 and Fig. 38; - Sarcosiphon episcopalis (Becc.)
Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 38.

Stem simple or branched, 1 —8-flowered. Leaves mostly ap-
pressed, scalehke, ovate, acute, 2 — 5 mm long. Flowers about
17 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes almost lacking, inner ones
connate in their upper part, forming a slightly acuminate mitre,
about 5 mm long. Annulus prominent, 6-lobed, each lobe bea-
ring a stamen. Perianth-tube urceolate, about 6—9 mm long,
basal tube-part thick, fleshy. Stamens stuck together to a sta-
men-tube. Filaments suddenly narrowed into the anthers, the-
cae divergent. Anthers widened again into the connective.
Margin of the anthers and the broad, winglike connective-ap-
pendage hairy. Basal part of the connective, below the inser-
tion of the winglike appendage darker coloured, with 3 teeth
at the basal margin, each bearing a stiff hair. Style with stigmas
about 2 mm long, style persistent, cylindrical, whitish-papillose,
stigmas 2-lobed at the apex. Ovary obovoid, about 3 mm long.
Style and basal perianth-ring persistent on the fruit.

Funicles about as long as the ovules. Capsule fleshy, ribbed,
cup-shaped, about 3 mm long, fruit-stalk lengthened.

Saprophytic herbs, underground part unknown. Stem be-
set with scalelike leaves. Flowers large with a involucre of
2—3 bracts at the base. Tubular part of the perianth urceolate.
Perianth-lobes 6, 3 outer ones free, very small. Inner ones con-
nate at the top into a mitre with 3 holes. Inserted on the top
of the mitre 3 long, thick-filiform, erect appendages, clavately

swollen at the top. Basal ring of the perianth-tube thickened,
persistent. Throat-margin of the perianth-tube thickened to a
slightly 6-lobed annulus. Stamens 6, hanging at the annulus,
anthers stuck together to an anther-tube. Style short, cylindri-
cal, fleshy, bearing at its top 3 erect stigmas. Ovary with 3
stalked placentas, funicle short. Capsule cup-shaped, crowned
by the persistent basal perianth-ring and the persistent style.

1. Geomitra clavigera Becc., Malesia I (1877) p. 251; — This-
mia clavigera (Becc.) F. v. Muell. in Vict. Nat. (1890) p. 235;
F. V. Mueller in Bot. Centr. Bl. XLVI (1891) p. 141; - Sar-
cosiphon clavigerus (Becc.) Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII)
(I92I) p. 39.

Plants 9—12 cm high. Stem simple, usually bearing 3 flowers.
Leaves appressed, scalelike, lanceolate, acuminate or sometim.es
acute, 2—6 mm long. Bracts of the involucre lanceolate, 6—7
mm long, acuminate. Flowers actinomorphous, tubular part of
the perianth about 9 mm long. Outer perianth-lobes very short,
erect, broadly triangular, about I mm long. Mitre, formed by
the inner perianth-lobes about 3,5 mm long, hooked at the apex.
Inserted on the top of the mitre three thick, filiform appenda-
ges, 8—12 mm long, erect, clavately swollen at their tops, not
clasping the mitre as figured by Beccari. Basal ring of the
perianth thick, persistent on the capsule. Anthers quadrangular,
basal margin with one median tooth and two shorter lateral
teeth, each bearing a stiff, transparent hair. Anther-tube about
4 mm long. Style short and thick, cylindrical, bearing 3 linear-
lanceolate stigmas, bilobate at the top, stigma-lobes acute. Style
with stigmas about 1,5 mm long.

Ovary obovoid and truncate to conical, about 3 mm long.
Fruit cup-shaped, fleshy, about 3 mm long, crowned by the

Saprophytic herbs. Roots coralline-branched, thick, obtuse,
forming dense balls. Stems short, beset with ovate, scalehke
leaves. Flowers with 3 scales at the base inserted at an equal
height. Perianth-tube urceolate, perianth-lobes 6. Outer peri-
anth-lobes small, ear-shaped to bowl-shaped. Inner lobes nar-
row in the basal part, suddenly broadened in the upper part,
upper part connate. The 3 inner lobes forming a mitre with 3
holes in the lower part. ISditre crowned at the top by a long,
stiff, pillar-like appendage. Pillar bearing at the top 3 lobes,
sometimes cup-shaped, more or less connate. Stamens 6,
hanging in the perianth-tube, inserted on an annulus in the pe-
rianth-throat. Filaments broad, ribbon-shaped. Anthers broad,
the lower margin with 1 or more teeth. Anthers cleaved toge-
ther to an anther-tube. Each anther bearing on its outer sur-
face a large hanging appendage, a lobe inserted in the middle
of the anther and broader than the anther. Style very thick and
short, bearing three obovate stigmas. Placentas 3. broad, stal-
ked, stalks of the placentas inserted peripherically at the bot-
tom of the ovary. Whole perianth deciduous after flowering,
except the thickened basal ring of the perianth-tube. Style also
persistent on the fruit.

1. a. Flowers about 3—6 cm long. Pillar on the perianth-
mitre 1.5—6 cm long, at the top broadened into 3
fleshy lobes, shghtly connate ... 1. S. gigantea Jonk.

I?. Flowers about 1 cm long. Pillar on the perianth about
5 mm long, bearing at the top 3 cup-shaped bodies ...
................................. 2. S, appendiculata Schltr.

Stems 4—10.5 cm high, partly subterraneous, usually 1-flowe-
red. Leaves scalehke, lanceolate, acute. 2—4 mm long, lower
leaves keeled, higher-inserted leaves keeled only in the basal
part. The 3 scales (bracts) at the base of the flower ovate-
lanceolate. acute, about 18 mm long. Flowers erect, 3—6,5 cm
long (without the pillar). Perianth-tube cyhndrical-urceolate.
15—21 mm long, pale rose-coloured, with yellow nerves, reticu-
late below the inner perianth-lobes, the other part of the tube
smooth. Mitre, formed by the inner perianth-lobes 5—9 mm
long, orange-coloured to vitellin. Outer perianth-lobes ear-
shaped. Pillar on the top of the perianth 2—6 cm long, broade-
ned at the top, bearing 3 thick, fleshy lobes, quite connate.
Stamens about 7 mm long. Thecae two, divergent, ovate, at
the base of the anther. Over the whole length of the anther a
median prominent nerve. Anthers hanging, on the lowest margin
3 median and 2 lateral teeth, each bearing a thick, transparent
hair. Appendix of the anther much broader, greenish-blue,

1) Scaphiophora gigantea Jonk. n. sp. - Herba pprohytica 4-10,5 cm
alta, rhizomate corallino. Caules teretes, glabri, umflori, apice 3-brac eolati.
Squamae lanceolatae, acutae, 2-4 mm longae. Bracteoli ovato-lanceolati, fere
18 mm longi. Perianthium urceolatum, lobis exterioribus auriformibus, lobis
interioribus unguiculatis apice connatis in columnan cyhndricam apice tri o-
batam exeuntibus. Flores 25-35 mm longi, columna ^-60 mm longa, bta-
mina 6, decurva, filamentis liberis, connectivis in tubum connatis apice
dentatis, appendice ciliata quam connectivum multo atiore praeditis. Sty^s
columnaris: brevis, glaber, stigmatibus 3, obovatis, bilobatis, papi losis Ova-
rium conicum, placentis 3, pedunculatis, pedunculis liberis placentis connatis
Hab.; Insulae Philippinae. Typus; Loher s.n. in herb. Monacense.

lateral margin bearing 3 bundles of short hairs, lowest margin
pilose. On the outer side of the anthers, just below the insertion
of the appendix, a yellow, ovate spot on each side of the mid-
nerve. Style very short and thick, truncate-conical, with the

Stigmas about 3 mm long. Stigmas 3, obovate, erect, sessile,
2-lobed at the top. On the outer side the whole stigma papillose,
on the inner side only the upper part. Ovary with 3 broad,
thick, fleshy, stalked placentas. Stalks about the same length as
the placentas, placentas connate, stalks free.

2. Scaphiophora appendiculata Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd.
VIII) (1921) p. 39; — Thismia appendiculata Schltr. in Engl.,
Bot. Jahrb. LV (1918) p. 202.

Saprophytes, growing in mouldered wood. Stems about 15—
20 mm high, partly subterraneous, usually 1-flowered. Leaves
scalelike, ovate to lanceolate, 2—3 mm long, sometimes shght-
ly keeled, Involucral bracts 3, lanceolate, acute, about 5 mm
long. Flowers erect, about 11 mm long without the pillar.

Perianth-tube cylindrical-urceolate, about 6 mm long, yello-
wish-white in the lower part. Mitre, formed by the connate
inner perianth-lobes 3—6 mm long, orange-coloured. Outer
perianth-lobes small, ear-shaped. At the base of each perianth-
lobe. on the inner surface, a glandular bowl-shaped body is
inserted. Pillar on the top of the perianth 3—5 mm long, shght-
ly broadened towards the apex, bearing 3 thick-fleshy, cupola-
shaped lobes. Stamens about 3 mm long. Thecae two, divergent,
near the base of the anther. Anther hanging, on the apical mar-
gin a thick-fihform, fleshy, median appendage. Anther-appen-
dage broader than the anther, its lowest margin crenulate.
Style very short, thick, truncate-conical, about 1,5 mm long.
Stigmas 3, obovate, sessile, 2-lobed at the top, almost 1 mm long.
Ovary about 3.5 mm long, with 3 stalked, broad placentas. Pla-
centa-stalks filiform, suddenly broadened into the placenta, abo-
ve the placenta suddenly narrowed again into a filiform apical
appendage. Placentas attached at the bottom of the ovary by
their stalks and at the roof of the ovary by their apical appen-
dages.

Small, saprophytic herbs, with short stems and scalelike,
reduced leaves. Flowers surrounded at the base by several sca-
les, connate to an involucre. In the throat of the perianth-tube
a well-developed annulus. Perianth-lobes 6, equal in length and
size. Stamens 3, filaments short, inserted on the lobes of the
annulus, ascending in the lower part, then recurved. Anthers
hanging. Style thick and short, bearing at the top 3 stigma-
lobes. Ovary l-celled with 3 stalked placentas, inserted parie-
tally at the bottom of the ovary, stalks attached at the whole
dorsal side of the placentas. Whole perianth deciduous, except
the thick basal ring of the perianth-tube, with the style crov/-
ning the capsule.

1. Oxygyne triandra Schltr. in Engl., Jahrb. XXXVIII
(1906) p. HO and p. 139, Fig. 4; Engl, Pfl. Welt Afr. II in
Engl.-Drude, Veg. der Erde IX (1908) p. 403 and p. 401, Fig.
284; Schltr. in Notizbl. 71 (Bnd. VIII) (1921) p. 45.

Plants about 4 cm high. Underground part unknown. Stem
short, about 1,5 mm long, 3-flowered. Leaves scalelike, ovate,
acute or acuminate, to 3 mm long and 2 mm broad. Scales of

the involucre ovate, obtusiusculous, involucre about 8 mm long.
Perianth urceolate-campanulate, tubular part about 10 mm long,
ribbed, with a thick annulus in the throat. Annulus 3-lobed at
the superior margin and 6-lobed at the basal margin. Perianth-
lobes 10,5 mm long, basal part quadrangular-trapeziform, acute,
long-caudate at the top. Filaments short, inserted at the top of
the lobes of the upper margin of the annulus. Anthers oblong,
dehiscing in longitudinal direction. Style very short, thick, fleshy
bearing at the top 3 ovate, acute, stigma-lobes. Ovary about
4 mm long. Placentas about 3 times the length of the placenta-
stalks. Ovules numerous, funicle about the same length as the
ovule. Fruit truncate-obovoid, bearing on the upper surface the
thick, persistent basal ring of the perianth-tube and the persis-
tent style.

The collectors' numbers are printed in italics; the numbers in
parentheses are the pages on which the concerning collectors'
numbers are cited, s.n.: unnumbered specimens.

Abbot 848 (72).
Abraham 216 (188).
Administr. Kapoea Plant, s.n. (125).
Ago s.n. (147).
d'Alleizette 220 (118).
Alfaro s.n. (66); 39970 (66).
Allen 18 (201); 614 (84).
Allison s.n. (206).
Altson 304 (188); 305 {57)-. 364 (57).
Amani 427 (182).
v. Andel s.n. (150).
Andersen 21 (62); 227 (62).
Ander.son s.n. (91; 119; 188).
Annandale s.n. (123).
Appun s.n. .(188); 1116 (217).
Archer 1771 (72); 2832 pp. (84).
d'Armandville 251 (62).
Armstrong s.n. (135).
d'Arnaud Gerkens D27 (151).
Arsène 12419 (71).
Backer 5778 (125); 6213 (151); 6219
(125); 6277 (13; 151); 6285 (137);
6322 (171); 6325 (137); 633« (151);
7417 (124); 8739 (151); 10125
(171); 10126 (151); 10252 (151);
10256 (171); 10326 (171); 11018
(171); 11019 (151); 14027 (151);
15036 (151); 15130 (151); 22694
(151); 22824 (125); 23156 (124);
23412 (125); 23797 (151); 23869

(125); 1354 (151); 1461 (151);
1738 (171); 2194 (125); 2436
176); 2908 (176); 3126 (151);
3293 (151); 3384 (22-, 125); 3473

(124);nbsp;3590 (125); 3803 (125);
3975 (125); 4240 (171); 4644
(151); 4792 (137); 5148 (125);
5218 (140); 5403 (140); 5439

Bakhuizen v. d. Brink fil. 414 (125);
880 (125); 1175 (140); 1366 (38;
125); 3322 (253); 3323 (171);
3324 (253); 3325 (171); 3375 (212;
125);. 3376 (213; 125); 3393 (125).
Balansa 318 (124); 319 (124); 320
(118); 2209 (73); 3120 (124);
3208 (73).
Ball s.n. (122).

Bangham 1292 (119).
Banks s.n. (135).
Banks 6 Solander s.n. (135).
Barber 202 (125).
Barnes s.n. (61).
Barnhart 2621 (206).
Baron 1561 (98); 1049 (98).
Bartlett s.n. (188); 7926 (119).
Bartlett amp; La Rue 304 (61).
Bates 311 (202); 370 (96); 1452
(202).
Baudouin s.n. (123).
Baum 619 (104); 726 (106).
Beccari .s.n. (62; 112; 125; 126; HQ;
142- 171; 175; 241; 242; 252); 86
(136); 402 (140); 627 (175); 794
150); 930 (125); 1502 (136; 140);

1505 (151); 1508 (244); 1687
(62); 2426 (136); 2427 (62); 2642
(256); 3692 (125); 6504 (254);
17016 (151).

Brade s.n. (167; 208); 2077 (190);
5731 (217); 5732 (197); 5733
(167); 5734 (73); 5735 (73); 5780
75); 7484 (76); 9074 (76); 9076
m7y.9675 (73);nbsp;(84);

5366 (217).
Bues gen 467 (96).
Bunnemeyer s.n. (150); 278 (61)
468 (150); 469 (150); 1472 (124)
2277 (140); 3291 (119); 3331 (61)
3916 (61); 3981 (61); 4058 (61)
4183 (61); 4353 (61); 436Sa (61)
5136 (119); 5237 (119); 5463 (61)
5688 (119); 550^ (119); 5728 ( 61)
5753 (119); 6312 (124); 6338
(124); 10675 (126); 10926 (126)
39663b (61).
Bunting s.n. (202); 2/ (104); 32 (104).
Burbridge s.n. (61; 125)
Burchell A. 527 (76); S66A (86).
Burck s.n. (119; 150).
Burkill 2083 (146); 2834 (123).
Burkill Ô Banerjee 35265 (117)
Burkill 6 Holttum 8510 (61).
Burmann s.n. (126).
Burn Murdoch 178 (239)
Bush 373 ( 71).
B.W. s.n. (91); 412 (197).
Calder 6 Ramaswami 835 (131).
Cameron s.n. (102)
Campbell 8129 (122).
Canby s.n. (70); 7922 ( 70)
Carder s.n. (87).
Chapelier s.n. (98).
Champion s.n. (245).
Chapman s.n. (70; 71; 80; 206)- 21

(206); 80 (80); 1014a (206).
herb. Chapman s.n. (80); 1697a (71)
(quot;73)^^^^ (73); 11257 (73); 11908

Chung em (119); 7579 (119).
Clarke s.n. (122); 152693 (117);
15417 (161); 15690 (161); 1582i
(161); 24784 (122); 26562 (122);
26755 (122); 33981 (122); 36958
(122); 38373 (117); 40110 (117);
40244C (117); 44653 (131); 44795
(117); 44884 (161); 45176 (117);
45427 (161).
Clayton 248 (80).
Clemens s.n. (61; 151; 156; 242); 21
(156); 9590 (125); 9680 (125);
11029 (171); 21124 (125); 20065
(62); 29713 (61); 29905 (254);
32192 (151); 32389 (61); 32757
(171); 327522 (61).
Mc. Clure 746 (147); 18280 (146).
Coaley s.n. (70).

coll. indig. s.n. (124; 140; 151); 56
(151); 89 (140); 91 (151); 123
(197); 140 (91); 164 (140);-S. 506
(115); 636 (62); 1611 (62); 2509
(151).

Combs s.n. (80); 688 (71).
Contest Lacour s.n. (118).
Coq d'Armandville 25/ (62).
Crueger s.n. (14; 72; 208); 58
(218); 236 (218); 237 (72);
1608 (72).
Cuesta 615 (90).

124); 7371 (118).
Cunniff 91 (118).
Curran amp; Foxworthy 13611 (62).
Curtis s.n. (119; 123; 150); 2950

(150); 3731 (61).
Curtiss s.n. (70; 80; 206); 1847 (70);
1848 (70); 2752 (80); 2753 ( 70);
2754 (206); 4170 (80); 4171
(70); 4172 (206); 5283 (206);
5354 (80); 5355 ( 70); 6275
(206).
Cylhet 1072 (122).
V. Daalen 77; (61); 529 (119).
Dalgado 3 (161).
d'Alleizette 220 (118).
Dalzell s.n. (161).
Dalziel 33 (140); 263 (105); 1277
(202).
Damazio 1777 (81).
Dandouau s.n. (97).
d'Arnaud Gerkens D27 (151).

Davis 1049 D47 (188).
Decary 29 (98); 614 (97); 1229
(98); 1662 (98); 1794 (98);
2187 (98); 2216 (98); 3875 (97);
5019 (97).
Degener 5150 (71).
Dehindt s.n. (101).
de Hügel s.n. (120); 3231 (120);
3598 (120); 4491 (120); 4503
(120).

(96); 2028 (104); 2831 (104).
Docters v. Leeuwen s.n. (140; 151);
2189 (151); 3243 (243); 3246
(143); 7725 (247); 8278 (150);
12779 (247).
Doderlein s.n. (144).
Dodge 3460 (235) 3484 (235).
Dodge, Steyermark amp; Allen 16856

(71); 16928 (201).
Don s.n. (122); 5 (73).
Donnell Smith s.n. (70-, 206).
Dorrien Smith s.n. (81); 135 (84);

157 (91).
Douliot s.n. (98).
Drake s.n. (91).
Drummond (80); 46 (70).
Dryowski s.n. (104).
Ducke 111539 (55).
Dunn 3516 (119).
Du Petit Thouars s.n. (98).
Duporquet s.n. (101).
Dusen 3433 (76); 4389 (76); 9807
(217); 9874 (217); 11367 (76);
15253 (217).
Duss 2856 (209); 3942 (181); 4061

Ekman /ƒƒ. 2396 (71); 2573 (194);
m. 2650 (71); H. 2866 (167);
3565 (194); 3774 (207); H. 4725
(167); H. 4726 (207; 209); H.
6663 (71); 10821 (90); H. 10979
(72); 11477 (71); 11595 (90);
11931 (71); 11989 (90); H.
13420 (167); 15215 (194); H.
15938 (207); 17233 ( 71); 17332
(194).
Elbert 422 (105).
Eliot s.n. (70); 2112 (98).
Elmer 11843 (62); 13690 (62).
En 2739 (119).

Exell amp; Mendonça 1493 (101); 2980
(101).
Eyles 52 (101).
Farmar 200 (105).
Fendler 505 (193); 546 (208); 547
(217); 616 (192); 1315 (191).
Fiebrig 601 (82); 5263 (84).
Fischer s.n. (131); 1318 (123);
1460 (146); 1632 (161); 3032
(161); 3223 (123).
Fishlock 47 (195).
Fly 12 (120).

Foxworthy 483 (125)
Franck 161 (123).
Fraser 51 (117); 193 (117).
Fredholm 423 (80); 5566 (80); 5696

14839 (131).
Gandrup 14 (126); 27 (151).
Garber s.n. (70; 80; 206).
Gardner s.n. (117); 706 (88); 842
(217); 1173 (73); 2734 (73);
3484 (84); 4006 (208); 5210
(84); 5211 (84); 5212 (91);
6091 (73).
Gaudichaud 196 (76); 197 (73); 422
(73).

(62); 5745 (120).
Giesbreght 72 (190).
Giesenhagen s.n. (150).
Gill s.n. (122).
Gillet s.n. (95); 2596 (104).
Gjellerup 191 (171); 497 (151);
523 (62); 862 (171); 873 (62);
1053 (171); 1058 (119).
Glaziou s.n. (73); 1255 (73); 3730
(88); 4100 (88); 4101 (73); 48886
(217); 10087 (73); 14334 (73);
16635 (88); 17818 (75); 17819
(73; 75); 18558 (233); 188559
{2\7)-, 18560 (220)-, 18561 (167);
18562 (191); 19906 (84); 19907
(91); 19908 (203); 19909 (227);
19909a (226); 19909B (263);
19910 (211); 19938 (184); 22150
(76).
Glocker 32 (73).
Glockse 142 (73).
Godefroy s.n. (123); 520 (123);
848 (156); 878 (123); 879 (134):
942 (123).
Goebel s.n. (167).
Goetze 797 (102).
Gollmer s.n. (191).
Gongrijp s.n. (91).
Goodenough s.n. (123).
Gossweiler 9/7 (101); 8240 (95).
Goudot s.n. (98; 191).
Gousourdy 18 (84).
Grabowsky s.n. (115).
Graves 1279 (206).
Gray s.n. (70; 71; 80; 206).
Greenway 871 (182).
Gressit 1243 (118).

Griffith s.n. (117; 118; 120; 122;
123; 161; 248); 71 (117); 409
(118); 5592 (146); 5593 (148);
5594 (122); 5595 (122); 5597
(161); 5598 (161); 5599 (118).
Griffith amp; Lehmann 72 (122).
Grisar s.n. (215).
Griscom s.n. (206).
Guedes 604 (55); 2007 (187).
Guillemin 287 (73); 898 (88);

912 (217).
Guillot 33 (97).
Hackenberg 140 (115).
Hagen s.n. (114).
Hahn s.n. (118).
Haines 3591 (123).
Hale s.n. (71; 80; 206).
Hallier s.n. (125); 412 (126); 548
(151); 771 (151); 772 (126); 1808
(151); 1809 (151); 2075 (171);
2149 (115); 2333 (151); 2544
(126); 2717 (62); 3396 (62).
Ham 31 (115).
Hance 7733 (124).
Hancock 370 (119).
Handel Mazzetti 10709 (119).
Haniff 7158 (123).
Haniff 6 Nur 2083 (123); 2096
(153); 3903 (123); 4025 (150);
7866 (118); 7873 (61).
Harmand 255 (133); 520 (123); 848
(146); 947 (118); 3329 (134); 3330
(123).

v. Harreveld s.n. (124).
Harris s.n. (203); 9152 (167); 9494
(196); 10659 (195); 12231 (71);
12596 (196); 12642 (196); 12850
(71).

Harris amp; Britton 10704 (209); 10705
(181).
Hartweg 495 ( 206).
Hassler 5326 (76); 5654 (84); 5937
(73); 6298 (76); 8568 (73);
12665 (73).
Haught 1434 (184); 1436 (197);

1376 pp. (197; 218); 1435 (218).
Hauman s.n. (202).
Haunton s.n. (124).
Haviland 168 (151); 456 (61);
1041 (171); 1665 (136); 13293
(151).
Hayata s.n. (118).

21381 (150).
Henry 9444 (119); 12043 (119).
Hepburn 85 (105).
Herb. Amani 427 (182).
herb. Chapman s.n. (80); 1697a (71).
Herb, de Jussieu 3271 (70).
herb, du Petit Thouars s.n. (98).
Herb. E. Ind. Comp. 5594 (122);

5595 (122); 5596 (123).
herb. Le Roy s.n. (126).
Hermann s.n. (117); 895 (90).
L'Herminier s.n. (181; 209).
Hervey s.n. (123; 140).
Heward 51 (117).
Hewitt s.n. (136); 1709 (254).
Hilaire, St. s.n. (91); 117 (73); 563
(75); 622 (88); 723 (73; 74); 844
(91); 1763 (84); 1775 (82); 1819
(88); 2398 (75).
Hill s.n. (250).
Hill amp; Williams 10698 (208).
Hillebrand s.n. (123; 124).
Hilsenberg amp; Bojer s.n. (97).
Hitchcock s.n. (206); 1819 (206);
1820 (206); 1821 (80); 16910
(91); 17349 (189).
Hoehne 457 (75); 1229 (75); 1230
(73).

131; 156).
Hose 353 (125).
Hosseus 115 (123); 710 (123).
Hostmann s.n. (72); 959 (208); 987
(72).

(120); 4491 (120); 4503 (120).
Huitema 126 (124).
Hullet 388 (125).
Hulstijn 258 (62).
Iboet 120 (171).

(114); 88a (150); 2417 (119).
Jacqet ,575 (118).
Jaheri 1656 (151).
Jelf 7 (101).
Jenkins s.n. (122).
Jenman 501 (189); 502 (208); 1271
(192); 1275 ( 72); 3759 (72); 7191
(188; 189); 7270 (79).
Jenville s.n. (117).
Jespersen s.n. (202).
Jochems 3172 (119).
Johnston s.n. (101).
Johow s.n. (213).
Jones 63 (206); 67 (80).
Joor s.n. (71; 206).
Jumelle s.n. (183).
Junghuhn 695 (125).
Jussieu 3271 (70).

Kanjilak 4519 (117).
Kappler 1332 (72).
Karsten s.n. (167; 191; 215; 217)
Kassner 2597 (101).
Keeler s.n. (70).

Kjell von Sneidern 709 (191).
Kleinhoonte 458 (119); 609 (119)
Kloss^s.n. (61; 62; 118; 120; 141;

Kobus s.n. (114).
de Kock 24 (62).
Koendy s.n. (117).
Koenig s.n. (123).
Koorders 169 (140); 696 (125)-
4036b (246); 40363b (140
(140); ^22/5 (124)

2641 (122).
Kuyper 27 (91).
Labohm 1947 (126).
Lace 2529 (122).
Lacour s.n. (118).
Lall Dhwa) 0558 (117).
Lam 1207 (174); 2079 (120).
Lambert s.n. (122).
Lamont s.n. (118); 1086 (118).
Langlois s.n. (71).
Lanjouw 132 (91); 298 (91).
Lankester s.n. (217); 35 (190).
Lanschot 577 f62J.
Latif 14 (61).
Lantz s.n. (98).
Law s.n. (131).
Lea s.n. (135).
Lebrun 6047 (104).
Lecomte s.n. (80); F. 32 (101).
Lecomte amp; Finet 173 (150); 1873

Le Coq d'Armandville 251 (62).
Ledermann 145a (171); 889 (202);
990 (95); 3427 (104); 3552 (104);
4521 (104); 4770a (104); 5587a
(104); 6221 (202); 6367 (94);
7368 (259); 8404 (62); 9192 (151)-
9855 (151); 10920a (62); 11132e
(62); 12377 (120); 12379 (62);
13115a (62); 14453 (13; 175 ;
14486 (128); 14539a (175); 123776
(62).
Leeds s.n. (80).
de Leeuw 14 (114).
Lefèvre 217 (131).
Lehmann s.n. (207); K. 269 (72);
K. 271 (215); K. 395 (215); K.
396 (72); K. 404 (207); 1305
(190); 1900 (215); 4988 (72);
6010 (215).
Léman s.n. (117).
Lemann s.n. (123).
Leng 131 (188); 311 (13; 189).
Leon amp; Caranas 5812 (71).
Léon amp; Roce 7056 (71).
Leprieur s.n. (72).
Le Roy s.n. (126).

Le Roy Topping 1409 (125).
Leschenault s.n. (117).
Le Testu 1331 (105); 2914 (104);
3049 (100); 3122 (104); 3512
(105); 3927 (102); 4332 (105).
Levine 893 (118).
L'Herminier s.n. (181; 209).
Lhotsky s.n. (73; 75).
Liang 66388 (124).
Liebman s.n. (206).
Lieftinck 16 (61).

Lima Ö Brade 4945 (211); 13247
(217); 14173 (220); 14174 (184).
Linden 966 (191).
Under 127 (197); 1217 (202).
Lindley s.n. (98).

Lindner 1491 (104).
Linkunipoor s.n. (122).
Linsley Gressit 1243 (118).
Loher s.n. (258).
Lo Kang Peng 6539 (118).
Lörzing 1151 (125); 4231 (247);
7261 (61); 7562 (124); 8015
(119); 8191 (61); 8535 (119);
3990 (119); 9982 (124).
V. Luetzelburg 15591 (88); 16038
(88); 16040 (237); 20214a (72);
20662 (91); 20773 (91); 20857
(91).

Lund s.n. (91); 599 {73).
Lundell 628 (71).
Luschnath s.n. 73; 82).
Lütjeharms 4437 (138); 4736 (138).
Mc. Clure 746 (147); 18280 (146).
Mack s.n. (117).

2496 (123); 2511 (118).
Maiters s.n. (122).
Makino s.n. (140; 147).
Malme I. 424 (82); 11. 1020 (82);
11. 1097 (76); II. 1122 (82); I.
1434 (75); /. 1436 (76); 1440
(91); 1440a (91); 1440b (91);

I.nbsp;1488a (84); I. 1488b (84); I.
1568 (84); /. 1568B (73); I. 1626
(73); II. 1658 (84); II. 1658a (84);

16581 (84); II. 1659 (73); II. 1659a
(73); 1696 (207); II. 3339 (91); ƒƒ.
3339a (91); ƒƒ. 3488 {73); II. 3488b
(73); II. 3493 ( 79); II. 3495 (193).
Mann 515 (95; 202).
Martin 61 (91).

(75); 2506 ( 73); 3146 (77).
Martyn 222 (57); 286 (189); 332
(188).
Masamune s.n. (147).
Massie s.n. (124).
Mathews s.n. (87); 1607 (87).
Mayr 161 (120); 348 (62); 471 (62).
Meebold 3523 (120); 12337 (158);

12915 (163).
V. d. Meer Mohr 129 (119).
Meislahn 150a (80).
Mellichamp s.n. (70).
Mendon?a 195 (91).
Menke 7 (73).

(156).
Mexia 5874a (91).
Meyer s.n. (61).
Michaux s.n. (70; 71).
Miers s.n. (167; 210; 217; 220; 234);

4652 (210).
Miers fil. s.n. (232; 234).
Mildbread 3329 (104); 9467 (104).
Mill 230 (118).
Milne-Redhead 854 (101).
Minakarta s.n. (147).
Mohr s.n. (71; 80; 206).
Moldenke 112 (70); 206 (80).
Mondi 277 (125).
Moore s.n. (120).
Moritz 420 (82); 1616 (191).
Mosèn 3702 (217); 3703 (217).
Motley 55 (126); 1162 (140); 1200
(171).

(72); 5570 (84); 5611 (91).
Nakano s.n. (154).
Napier s.n. (143).
Nartens 93 (124); 94 (125).

native coll. s.n. (124; 140; 151); 56
(151); 89 (140); 91 (151); 123
(197); 140 (91); 164 (140); S. 506
(115); 636 (62); 1611 (62); 2509
(151).

Nelson s.n. (124); 3344 (190).
Newman s.n. (73).
Nin 00527 (124).
Nongnong s.n. (HO; 151; 246).
Norman Taylor 545 (167).
Norton 1233 (119); 1234 (119).
Nucker 31 (167).
Nur 2165 (123).
Nuttal s.n. (80).

Oldham s.n. (161); 5 (117; 161).
Othmer s.n. (72; 218).
Ouwehand 158 (124).
Palmer 539 (71); 14395 (80); 14396

Parker 3115 (118).
Parry 20 (117); 209 (117); 333
(122).
Passarge 81b (84).
Pearce s.n. (217).
Peck 151 (71); 163 (207).
Pelly 93 (217).
Peng 6539 (118).
Pennell 1416 (84); 1429 (72).
Pennell 6 Killip 3515 (72); 5800

Perrier de la Bathie 343 (183); 1575
. (97; 98); 7222 (98); 7223 (97);
7224 (98); 7225 (98); 7226 (98);
14476 (183); 16068 (183); 18515
(183).
Perrot s.n. (118).
du Petit Thouars s.n. (98).
Pfeiffer s.n. (91; 250).
Philip Jelf 7 (101).
Phillips s.n. (123).
Pickel 2575 (73).

3390 (123).
V. d. Pijl 352 (150); 506 (151).
Pittery 111 (105).
Pittier s.n. (191); 544 (207); 598

(72);nbsp;4945 (71); 9420 (207)-, 10451
(197); 10951 (197); 10952 (197;
218); 12228 (72); 12705 (217);
12707 (167); 12708 (207); 12709
(207); 13061 (190).

(105).
Pockman s.n. (123).
Pockock 261 (105).
Poeppig s.n. (71; 197); 2995 (72);

Poilane 648 (156); 825 (123); 3410
(143); 4074 (118); 4271 (118);
11419 (124); 12191 (118); 14120

(123);nbsp;14372 (123); 15024 (118);
15993 (143); 18214 (143); 18573
(146); 25580 (156).

Poiteau s.n. (72).
Polak 103 (119); 210 (125).
Pollard s.n. (80); 1053 (206).
Porcher s.n. (80).
Posthumus 784 (247).
Prager 41 (135).
Prain s.n. (117; 122).
Praia's collector s.n. (117); 55 (122).
Pulle II. 27 (84); II. 193 (72); II.
196 (91); II. 494 (72); 373 (174);
476 (62); 603 (62); 618 (62).
Purdie s.n. (209; 210; 215).
Queich 6 Connell 14 (91).
Raap s.n. (140); 1 (150); 211 (150).
Rachmat 511 (120); 597 ( 62).
Raciborsky s.n. (125; 140; 151; 246).
Ramage s.n. (209).
Ramos 4913 (124); 14428 (62).
Rant 652 (62).
Ravenel s.n. (80).
Regnell 13514 (75); III. 1238 (86;

89); III. 1775 (84).
Remy s.n. (215).
Reynolds s.n. (70; 80; 206).
Richards s.n. (72); S. 506 (115);

Ridley .s.n. (61; 118; 123; 140; 143;
171; 172; 238; 240; 241; 247; 252);
600 (118); 1481 (123); 1573 (123);
3139 (118); 6997 (123); 12108
(143); 12483 (118); 13800 (61);
14116 (177).
Ridley, Lea amp; Ramage s.n. (73; 208).
Rita s.n. (117).
Ritchie 1464 (161).
Robinson s.n. (61); 1849 (62); 5755

(141).
Ronduz 1308 (190).
Roxburgh s.n. (120; 126).
Royle s.n. (117).
Le Roy s.n. (126).
Le Roy Topping 1409 (125).
Rudge s.n. (91).
Rudolph s.n. (91).
Rugel 585 (206).
Rupp s.n. (206).
Rusby 858 (78).
Rusby 6 Pennell 1068 (72).
Rutten 1243 (62); 2199 (62).
Ruttner 32 (119); 33 (119).
Rycroft s.n. (125).
Sagot 362 (208); 1164 pp. (192;
218).

Salzmann s.n. (73); 546 (73).
Sampson 677 (124); 7923 (124).
Samuels 491 (91).
Sandwith 11 (188); 70 (197); 130
(57); 131 (220); 132 (168); 175
(188; 197); 260 (192); 353 (55)
540 (218); 553 (55); 706 (189)
1064 (55); 1096 (188); 1097 (57)
1100 (197); 1101 (189); 1102
(188); 1352 (208).
Santos Lima 256 (161); 287 (220).
Santos Lima amp; Brade 4945 (211);
13247 (217); 14173 (220); 14174
(184).

2140 (62).
Savorgan de Brazza 328 (104).
Scheffer s.n. (151).
Schenck 4290 (73). .
Schipp 481 (217); 508 (199); 634
(71); S. 667a (13; 207); S. 913
(199).

Schlechter s.n. (62; 115); 12086 (99);
12831 (202); 13134 (118); 13151
(171); 13211 (125); 13461 (151);
13593 (171); 14637 (151); 15786
(94); 15787 (95); 15788 (224);
15789 (224); 15790 (261); 15822
(125); 15834 (241); 16653 (177);
17387 (140); 19345 (151); 19355

(173);nbsp;20657 (171); 20671 (175).
Schlieben 2571 (97); 3578 (182).
Schneider 2511 (118); 3820 (118);

201 (91); 202 (91); 210 (91).
Schott 4217 (73); 4698 (217).
Schwacke s.n. (91); 2531 (82); 4252
(73); 8395 (91); 5396 (75); 8397
(73); 5395 (84); 5399 (84).
Schwartz s.n. (196).
Scortechini s.n. (135; 146); 271b

4442 (76); 5565 (73).
Selwyn 262 {7i); 263 (84); 626 (84).
Senege s.n. (87); 4795 (87).
Seret 682 (105).
Seymour 9191 (206).
Shafer 3411 (207); 3413 (194); 8356

(194);nbsp;10496 (71); 10658 (90);
10799 (71); 10930 (90); 10994
(71); 11002 (90); 11709 (71).

Sherring s.n. (192).
Shikan 1346 (71).
Shirley s.n. (120).
Short s.n. (80); 1850 (206).
Shuttleworth Carder s.n. (87).
de Silva 106 (117).
Simpson s.n. (80).
Sin 9955 (118).

4083 (124).
Skutch 2768 (167); 2769 (217).
v. Slooten s.n. (13; 151; 176); 478
(151).

Smith s.n. (122); 307 (123); 575
(151); 1308 (217); 2020 (167);
2124 (217); 25/6 (191).
V. Sneidern 709 (191).
Snethlage 329 (55).
Soyaux 167 (202); 168 (202).
Spare P. 707 (123).
Spire 175 (118); 294 (124).
Splitgerber s.n. (91); 673 (72); 980
(91).

(184); 2299 (184); 2300 (179);
2453 (207); 2492 (55); 2492a (55);
2623 (218); 25/5 (180); 2816
(197); 2529 (187); 2835 ( 79);
2lt;9J6 (79; 197); 2846 (197); 2879
(218); 2880 (186); 2930 (179);
2931 (184); 3237 (90); 3733 (79);
4458 (217).
Stammler s.n. (96).
Standley, J. P. 376 ( 85); 377 ( 70).
Standley, P. C. 12839 (70); 18902
(70); 30774 (71); 40767 (71);
53355 (199); 52879 (199).
Statter s.n. (120).

V. Steenis 75 (124); 138 (150); 184
(124); 1483 (171); 1602 (124);
2432 (125); 2728 (140); 275^
(171); 3512 (61); 3665 (150); 365/
(61); 3846 (150); 5288 (125);
5616 (151); 5725 (61); 5944 (61);
9546 (61); 9770 (150); 10293
(150); 10294 (143); 10686 (160).
Steinbach 1614 (84); 5508 (73); 6510

(84); 16112 (73).
Steup 29 (120); 209 (62); 211 (120).
Stevens s.n. (120).
St. Hilaire s.n. (91); 117 (73); 563
(75); 622 (88); 723 ( 73 ; 74); 844
(91); 1763 (84); 1775 (82); ;5/9
(88); 2398 (75).nbsp;'

(95); 800 (161); 1376 (161).
Talmy s.n. (118; 123).
Tanaka s.n. (154).
Tashiro s.n. (145; 147).
Tate 264 (90); 268 (72; 74); 344
(91); 598 (64); 630 (64); 722
(217); 1106 (217).
Taylor 545 (167).
Teruya s.n. (144).
Testu, Le 1331 (105); 2914 (104);
3049 (100); 3122 (104); 3512
(105); 3927 (102); 4332 (105).
Teysmann s.n. (62; 115; 124; 125;
126); 2015 H. B. (119); 3334 H. B.

Thaxter s.n. (206).
Thomas 6 Magelhaes Gomes 371
(208).
Thomson s.n. (102).
Thompson s.n. (98).
Thorel s.n. (113; 124); 791 (131)-
1369 (131); 1408 (146); 1409
(156); 1560 (123); 2794 (118).
Thouars s.n. (98).
Thunberg s.n. (117).
Im Thurn s.n. (55; 188); 58 (91);

180 (79); 121 (217); 226 (55).
Thustone s.n. (161).
Thwaites s.n. (131); 2312 (117)-

(100); 1331 (105); 2061 (101).
Toledo 657 (73).
de Toledo 7485 (76).
Toppin 5002 (122).
Topping 1409 (125).
Si Toroes 3498 (130); 3724 (130)-
4083 (124).nbsp;^ '

Torrey s.n. (80; 206).
Torrey amp; Gray s.n. (206).
Toxopeus 123 (62); 208 (62).
Tracy s.n. (71; 80); 5015 (206); 7010

(206); 6488 (71).
Tracy 6 Lloyd 326 (71).
Traill 1130 (55).
Trecul 595 (80).
Treutler 1124 (122).
Triana s.n. (215).
Trimen s.n. (245).
Tsiang 5516 (119).
Tso 6 Tsiang 2002 (118).
Tsoong D. 1025 (124).
V. Tuerckheim 902 (216); 11 475
(199); 1042 (190); II. 1293 (190);
II. 1421 (190); 8311 (199).
Tutin 635 (72).

Ule s.n. (197); 332 (217); 608 (82);
870 (197); 577 (217); 1000 pp.
(217); 2704 (220); 3467 (88); 4001
(167); 4002 (217); 4003 (208);
4115 (88); 4160 (73); 4945 (211);
5212a (79); 5274 (208); 5275
(184); 6121 (67); 6123 (91); 6124
(79); 6946 (73); 7658 (91); 7659
(72; 74); 7660 (84; 85); 7757 (91);
8564 (91); 8829 (91).
Ultee 140 (114).
Underwood 1492 (80).
Ungemach 21 (98).

unknown collector s.n. (61; 62; 80;
82; 117; 119; 120; 122; 123; 125;
126; 146; 161; 246); 31 (126); 55
(156); 81 (117); D. 175 (217);
188 (72); 230 (86); 388 (123);
799 (118); 1616a (80); 2114 (161);
2477 (122); 7653 (61); 12028
(61); 45912 (156).
Unwin (202).
Upendranath Kanjilik 4519 (117).
Vahl s.n. (126; 131).
Valerio «6 (84).
Valeton s.n. (125; 151; 246).
van Rohr 159 (55).
Vauthier 370 (91)
V. d. Vecht 12 (124); 13 (124).
Veitch s.n. (118).

Versteeg 179 (218); 304 (192; 208);
1290 (140); 1337 (171; 174); 1425
(174); 1623 (252); 1630 (171);
1633 (62).
Vesterlund s.n. (80).
Vidal-Senège s.n. (87); 4795 ( 87).
Vieillard 6 Deplanche s.n. (120).
Vigne 3216 (202).
Viguier 6 Humbert 404 (97); 7773

(98).
Vogel 37 (202).
Volkens 236 (126); 337 (126).
de Voogd 48 (150); 130 (61); 1465
(61).

(117); 143 (117).
Wallich 223 (148); 241 = 1999
(131); 354=2136 (126); 399=
2137 (146); 536 (126); 1072
(122); 1498 (131); 9004B (117);
9004C (120); 9005 (122); 9005B
(122); 9005D (122); 9006 (156);
9008 (131).
Warburg s.n. (124); 11 (125); 1243

(124).
Ware s.n. (206).
Warming 1039 (91).
Warnecke 511 (182).
Waterlot 566 (98).
Wawra amp; Maly 405 (210).
Weberbauer 3570 ( 215); 4341 (87).
Weddell 131 (73); 955 (211); 1998

Wright s.n. (85; 194; 206); 29?
(167); 30? (167); 1470 (166)
2353 (207); 3281 (71); 3252 (90)
3253 (207); 3284 (166; 194)
3285 (194); 7285 (194).

New subtribes, sections, subsections, species, varieties, forms
and combinations are printed in bold face type; synonyms in
italics-, previously published names in ordinary type.

capitata (Walt.) Mart. 12; 21: 69
capitata (Walt.) Mart. f.
bracteosa {Gleas.) Jonk. 21; 74

coelestis auct. 130; 143; 147; 160
coelestis Don ... 14; 23: 26; 120
coelestis Don. var. pusilla

madagascariensis auct. ... 23; 98
madagascariensis Baker... 23-, 96
madagascariensis Mart. ... 23; 96

orobanchoides (Rusby) Schltr. 216
parviflora (Urb.) Schltr. ... 193
Poeppigiana (Karst.) Schltr. 196

sphaerocarpa (Urb.) Schltr. .. 180
squamata (Wright) Schltr. ,. 201
suaveolens (Karst.) Schltr. . 189

Rodwayi (F.v.Muell.) Schltr. 249
Versteegii (J. J. S.) Schltr. ,.251
Sarcosiphon (Bl.) Jonk. 43; 44; 251

clavigera (Becc.) F. v. Muell. 255
crocea (Becc.) J. J. S. ,. 44; 251
episcopalis (Becc.) F.v.Muell. 253

5* 1.

De Burmanniaceae moeten niet met de Orchidaceae in een
orde Microspermae ondergebracht worden, ze behoren tot de
orde Liliiflorae.

De genera Corsia en Arachnites vormen een afzonderlijke
familie Corsiaceae, het is onjuist deze geslachten tot een tribus
Corsieae van de Burmanniaceae te brengen.

Tegen art. 10 van de Internationale Botanische Nomencla-
tuurregels, dat eist dat iedere individuele plant, soortsbastaar-
den en chimaeren uitgezonderd, tot een soort (species) be-
hoort, zijn bezwaren aan te voeren.

Er bestaat geen bezwaar tegen het gebruik van tautoniemen
in de botanische naamgeving.

Het verdient aanbeveling alle soortsaanduidingen met een
kleine beginletter te schrijven.

Voor de afwijkende pollendiagrammen, verkregen in een
aantal Nederlandse holocene kleiafzettingen, die door B. POLAK
verklaard worden door het loswoelen van oudere lagen, zijn
nog andere en meer waarschijnlijke verklaringen mogelijk.

De Nemertini mogen niet tot de Plathelminthes gerekend
worden, ze vormen een afzonderlijk Phylum van het Dierenrijk.

Het- is niet juist ter verklaring van de aanwezigheid van
enkele, zeer gespecialiseerde Muriden op het Australisch Con-
tinent, een landbrug aan te nemen die benoorden de Oost-
Indische Archipel was gelegen.

Op zoölogische gronden kan de vroegere aanwezigheid van
woestijnachtige gebieden op Nieuw Guinea aannemelijk ge-
maakt worden.

PRATT heeft niet bewezen dat de ademhaling van tarwe-
kiemplantjes door toedienen van groeistof toeneemt.

Hoewel PEARSE waarschijnlijk gemaakt heeft, dat zijn
heteroau.xine de vorming van wortels aan Salix-stekken bevor-
dert, zijn tegen zijn methodiek bezwaren aan te voeren en be-
hoeven zijn resultaten op enkele punten opheldering.

De methode ter bepaling van de isohydrische pn waarde
van de grond, voorgesteld door PURI en SARUP, verdient
navolging.

Bij het bespuiten van bomen, met het doel bepaalde parasie-
ten te doden, bestaat het gevaar dat de gebruikte chemicalien
de natuurlijke vijanden van de parasiet meer verzwakken dan
de parasiet zelf.

De verklaring welke KUTHY met behulp der coacervatie
geeft van de histologische verschijnselen bij de vetresorptie in
de darm, is onvoldoende.

Daar het Nederlandse lager, middelbaar en voorbereidend
hoger onderwijs de karaktervorming en lichamelijke opvoeding
niet ter hand genomen heeft, dient het er zorg voor te dragen
dat de schoolgaande jeugd buiten de schooltijden in staat is
lichaam en karakter te ontwikkelen.

Wt» ts,nbsp;'«».hc'^H