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GENERAL SYSTEM
HORSE MA NSHIP
In all it's BRANCHES:
CONTAINING,
I. Directions for the Choice of Stallions and Mares, and for Weaning and
Managing of Foals, until they come to a proper Maturity for Service, fuitable to the Ufes they are defign'd for. II. The Manner of Keeping, Soiling, Training, and Exercifing Race-Horfes,
and Preparing them for the Courfe : Alfo Inftru&ions for the Choice and Management of Hunters; and a SupplementalDifcourfe concemmgHounds. III. The P erfeB Knowledge ofHorfes; being a fuccinci: Account of their various
Diforders, both internal and external, and their good and bad Qualities ; fhewing the Seat, Caufe, and Symptoms of all Difeafes j with proper Recipes, and Methods of Cure, whether by manual Operation or otherwife \ the like not hitherto extant in any Book of Farriery whatfoever in the Englijh Tongue. Tranflated from the French Edition, publifhed at the Hague, under the InfpeéHon of the learned Dr. Boerhaave, by Gafper deSaunier, Riding-Mafter and Director to the. Academy of Ley den ; with the Addition of all his Father's Recipes and Remarks, who was forty Years Infpe&or-General of Lewis the XlVth's Great Stable. IV. The OJleology and Myology of a Horfe : Or, an Anatomical Defcription
of all the Bones and Mufcles, that compofe that moft noble and ufeful Animal y pointing out their various Ufes and Affections, and accounting for many other Particulars in the Oeconomy of a Horfe, that are not generally known. Illuftrated with near thirty Copper-plates, in which the Seats of all Difeafes are not only exactly defcribed, but with feveral new Inftruments requifite in the Cure of them moft accurately defcribed. And to give a more perfect Idea of the different Subjects, 'all the Anatomical Prints, reprefenting the Mufcles, Bones, &c> are wrought off in their pf oper Colours. To which is addedj
A large COLLECTION of RECIPES,
Communicated by feveral Perfons of Experience and Diftin&ion :
TOGETHER WITH
TWO COMPLETE INDEXES,
The one of Diseases, the other of Medicines.
A US O
A DICTIONARY, explaining all |ie^TeÉnical Terms that belong to the
Stud, the Stable, the Manage, Farriery,; or whatever relates to Horses. ~ v o l. uT
L 0 N D 0 1ST :
Printed forj, Brindlèy, Bookféller to His Royal Highnefs the Prince of Wales, in NewBond-flfeet< JVLDCCXLIII.
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T O
Dr M E A D.
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SIR,
THrough the great Progrefs that has of late Years
been made in Comparative Anatomy, there is known to be fo great a Similitude of Parts in every Species of Animals, that no Body can wonder to fee me dedicate a Treatife of the Difeafes of Horfes to him who is the greateft Judge of the Difeafes of Mankind. I fhould not however have ventur'd to make thus
free with jour Name, if the Favours with which you have honoured me, and the following Work, had not encouraged me to make this Addrefs. All the Advantages requifite to a thorough Skill in
his Profeffion, feem to have been united in my Author, Monfieur de Saunier. With a Genius turnd for Studying the Nature of Horfes, he had a very large Stock of
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D E D IC AT IO N.
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of his Father's Experience to let out upon ; to which
he added as much of his own, before he pretended to commit his Sentiments to Writing. This Treatile then is. founded not upon any Theory,
either received or invented, but upon certain Know- ledge and repeated Experiments ; and perhaps it is the firji Book of the Kind that was ever written in this Manner. The great Pains he took to get over all the foolip
Prejudices of the Farriers, his Predeceflòrs, and Co- temporaries ; the Franknels with which he owns bow far he was fometimes guided by them, and how many Trials he found requifite to make him intirely fhake them oft] are Qualities hardly to be found in any other Writer upon Farriery. Every Improvement in Natural Knowledge mult give
Pleafure to Gentlemen of your Tafte and Sagacity ; and therefore as the Great Boerhaave fhew'd a peculiar Re* gard for Monfieur de Saunier, fo it is to be hoped one as Great will countenance his Englijlo Editor, who is, |
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SIR,
Tour mo ft obedient,
andmoji obliged, Humble Servant,
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John Brindley.
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P R E F A C E of the AUTHOR.
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Make no fcruple to fay\ that it is with the Science of Horfemanjhip as
with that of Phyfick j a jimple 'Theory makes only ignorant Pretenders 5 there muft be Praclice, long and affiduous Praclice, to render a Man Mafter of the perfecl Knowledge of Horfes, their Defecls, their Difeafes^ the Caufes of thefe latter; and the beft Remedies that can be applied to them, Ajhort Detail of the Employs through which I have paffed will'Jbew, that I have had more Opportunities than any Man living to perfecl my f elf in this Science j concerning which I had received very ample Inftru&ions from my Fa- ther j and for the Study of which 1 was born. After having been a long time'Riding-Mafter to the Duke du Lude, Grand-
Mafter of the Ordnance inFmncQ,my Father s Reputation oc e afone d his being chofen, in 1680, to f 11 up the Place of Infpeclor of the Kingsgreat Stable, when his Majefly quitted St. Germains to go,and refide at Verfailles. It was at the fame time that he put me into the Royal Academy under Meffteurs de Bournonville and du Pleffis, both Riding-Mafters of that Academy } and under them j and Mr. Deno, who fucceededMr. de Bournonvilie, •// was that I completed my Knowledge in all that any way regarded the Art of Ridings and the Theory of Horfemanjhip. Tloe French Kings Army having entered the Palatinate, under the Com*
mand of his RoyalHighnefs the Dauphin,I attended the Duke ^Bourbon thi- ther,in qualityof'his- Riding-Mafter \ and after two Campaigns,in which I had occafon to begin the Praclice of thofe Leffons that I had received from my Fa- ther, 1 was nominated Infpeclor of the Stud, which the King eftablifhed at St. Leger in the Duchy of Monfort TAmaury. I continued fame Tears in this Poft, and only left it to be made Riding-Mafter to the Lieutenant-general Count de Montchevreuii, who was killed at the Battle of Norwingen. I went afterwards in the fame Quality into the Service of the Count de Guifcard, Go- vernor of Namur,who fent me /WöFrizeland, to make a confiderable Pur chafe. Though I had divers Opportunities^ in thefe different Pofts, to make many
important Remarks, I could not help thinking that Iftill wanted Subje&s for the making of new Experiments upon thefe Animals, fa ufeful to Mankind. To fat is fy this Paffton, I entered myfelf into the Train of Provifions, and con- tinued there to follow the Army till the Peace of Ryfwick. IVhat a Multi- tude of Experiments had! opportunity 'to make upon fuch a Number of Horfes, attacked with a thoüfand different Diforders ! At the Peace, the Marquis de Courten vaux, e lde fi Son of Mr. de Louvois, ina de me his Ridmg-Mafter-,, and it was then that I formed him a Stud at Montmirel in Brie. / returned at la ft to pratlife under my Father in the Kings great Stable, and remained there til f 1702,} when entering Riding-Mafter in Italy, under Lieutenant- general Count de Medavi, I made three Campaigns there, during which, the ^Mortality that prevailed among the Horfes fumijhed me with Opportunities without number to add to my former Experience in all Cafes, and make my- a felf
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4 _________________________________ .__________,
felf perfeSì in my Art. 1 then entered again into the Train, where, in quality
of In/peclor-general, I had under my Direclion almofl two thoufand five hun- dred Horf e s^ which, both in Italy and Germany, had among them all Sorts of Maladies. The f e are the different Schools in which Iperfected, by a pra eli e e of more
than 27 Tears, the Precepts that I had received from myMaflerSy and in which I have experimentally known the Good from the Bad among fi that pro- digious Number of Remedies that f ome Authors have f0 amply collected toge-* ther, often without having made trial of one j and t hof e many others that the greatejl part of our Farriers know only by Tradition, and which they apply indifferently to all Sorts of Horfes, without examining either their Confi it u- tion or Defcent, (for the fame Difiemper mufi often be treated differently in a Spaniih Horfe and a Frizeland one) or even the true Caufe of their Dif order, which however ought to determine the Nature of the Remedy. The Work which I give the Publiek therefore is compofed of ' Leffons that
I had received from my Father, [who I may venture to fay, without f peaking too much in his favour, was looked upon to be a very fikilful Man) and the great Number of Experiments that I have made upon all Sorts of Subjecls, and in all Sorts of Difeafes -, and can put the well-known Probatum at the bottom of every Remedy, becaufe I infert none that I have not tried more than once. For the 22 Tears that 1 have pra&ifed in the illufirious Univerfity of Leyden, under the Protection of its Guardians and the venerable Magi- fir at e, my Diligence has often occafioned my being f ent for to different Parts, to re flor e Health tofuch Horfes as ignorant Farriers had almofl f ent to the Dogs j and I have had the good Fortune to fucceed. Thofe who make ufe of this Work may have the fame Succefs. It is the
Labour of two Men's Lives, the Fruit of their Application and continual Study. 1freely fur render it up to the Publiek, in hopes of meeting with its Indulgence, and that I may fpur on by it the natural Difpoftions of fome others, who may in Courfe of Time make new Difcoveries. I might make an Article here regarding the Stile, in which this Book is
writ : But I think it fufflcient to obferve to my Readers, that 1 neither write as a Wit my f elf, nor for Gentlemen of Wit. Educated in the Stable, in the Stud, in the Manage, in the mid ft of Horfes in the Army, 1 have never been a Member of the French Academy. I write for thofe, who, like my f elf, make it their Profejfion to be among Horfes -, it is enough that I make my f elf under flood by them, by a proper Ufe of the Terms of Art, in which I pre- fume I have pretty well fucceeded. |
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C ONTE NT S.
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Chap. i.
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F making a proper choice of Stallions and Breeding-Mares,
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according to
Page i
2
ibid.
3
4 5
6 7
ibid.
ibid.
8
ibid.
ibid.
9
ibid.
— ibid.
— ibid.
io
ibid. ii
ibid. 12
ibid.
. '3
ibid.
15
ibid
ibid.
16 20 21 22
ibid.
24
25
26 ibid.
ibid.
29
3°
31 32 33 34
* 33 *34 . 3S
ibid.
36
37
38 39
40 |
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the feveralUfes they are deftgned for •------- _____
Chap. li. The manner of Soiling Horfes *------- ,
Chap. iii. The manner of weaning and ordering Colts —— ■.........-
A fhort Difcourfe of Hunting-Horfes
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Obfervations and InJiruSiions concerning Hounds —-—
The PerfeB Knowledge of a Horfe.
Chap. i. To know the Age of a Horfe ____
Chap. ii. Of the Barbs —----- .
Chap. iii. Of the Lampas ^^— —
Chap. iv. Of Giggs upon the Lips —. ____
Chap. v. Of Gag-teeth _------ ____
Chap. vi. A Blow on the Eye , ■ ,
Chap. vii. How to know a Moon-eyed Horfe -*—,
Chap. viii. The manner of treating a Moon-eyed Horfe
Chap. ix. How to unnerve a Horfe «■ ~» Chap. x. A Remedy for a Web in the Eye —-
E or a Horfe that has a difordered Sight ■ ■■
Pills to purge the Brain of a Horfe that has Sore-Eyes
A Powder to difjipate a Web _____
Chap. ii. A Remedy for Wounds in the Eyes .
Chap. xii. Of a Whitlow in the Eye .
Chap. xiii. Of the Strangles — -—-
The Ba/iard Strangles —■ «------ _.
Morfoundering ——~► .
Stranguillion . ■
Contagious Head-Evil, —
Chap. xiv. Of the Glanders
To know the Qlanders of the Glands
The Glanders from the Spine or Back-bone Marroto Chap. xv. Of the different Kinds of Farcies Chap. xvi. Of the Mange, Itch, or Scab _ ' Chap. xvii. Of the Old-Reds «—^— ——
Chap, xviii. "Tetters or Ring-Worms —— ——»
Chap. xix. Of the Foundering of Horfes ------ ——.
Chap. xx. Of Melted Greafe —-—• *■----r —-—•
Chap. xxi. The Stag-Evil -----. —*— . **—
Chap. xxii. The Fives ------- -
Chap, xxiii. Of the Gripes or Colick ~—- -——•
Chap. xxiv. Of the Vertigo or Spa?iifh Evil
Chap. xxv. Remedy for Nmnbnefs of the Senfes, which refembles a Vertigo
Chap. xxvi. Of the Fever, or Fiery-Evil — r- Chap. xxvii. Of the Fafhions .—-. ----- ------
Chap, xxviii. Of Incontinence of Urine >—— ------
Chap. xxix. Of the Anticor, or Anticow —~ ------
Chap. xxx. Of a Pur five, or Broken-winded-Horfe ——■ —
Chap, xxvii. * Heaving of the Fla?ik -----*
* Chap, xxviii. Of Chef Foundering ------ —>—
* Chap. xxix. Worms in Horfes ------ ——
* Chap. xxx. Swelling of the Tefticks ------* —
Chap. xxxi. Remedies againfi the Gangreen —— -----
Chap, xxxii. A Remedy for the Bite of a Serpent, or other venomous Animal
Chap, xxxiii. How to purge a Horfe gently and fatten him —' Chap, xxxiv. For a Horfe whofe Tongue is cut with the Bridle or Halter
Chap. xxxv. The beft 'way of cutting a Horfes Tail — *— — Chap, xxxvi. The manner of gelding a Horfe well, and treating him during the
Chap, xxxvii. Hurts on the Withers, or Wither wrung —- Chap, xxxviii. Navel Galls ------ .------. -----
Chap, xxxix. Of Impofiumations in the Withers — —- —
Chap. xl. Faintnefs for want of Nourijhment —• — —-
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Cure
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ibid,
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49
42
ibid.
43
Chap. |
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CONTENTS.
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Page
Chap. xli. Of the Pole Evil — ------ ------ ibid.
Chap. xlii. Of a Shoulder-flip or Shoulder-wrench ------ ------ ibid.
Chap, xliii. Of the Spunge ------ ------ 46
Chap. xliv. Stiff Legs ------ ------ 47
Chap. xlv. Of an Ox-Kneed-Hor f e ------ ------ ibid.
Chap. xlvi. Of the three Kinds of Splints ------ ------ ibid.
Chap, xlvii. Of the three Kinds of Offelets ------ ------ 49
Chap, xlviii. Wind-Galls ------ ------ -------
Chap. xlix. How to give a Horfe the Fire ------ '------ 51
Chap. 1. The Mallenders ------ — .-----_ ^ 2
Chap. li. Bow-Legs ------ ------• 54
Chap. lii. Tottering-Legs —— ------ ------■ ibid.
Chap. liii. A Horfe that Forges ■------ ------« ibid.
Chap. liv. A Blow on the Nerve' -------- -—- ibid.
Chap. lv. A Blow between the Fetlock and the Heel ------■ 56
Chap. hi. A Simple Javarty or Core in the Paflern — ^ ^
Chap. lvii. For a Prick in a Horfès Foot
Chap, lviii. A Halter Caft ------ ------ ibid.
Chap. lix. Scratches or Chops —■— ------ ibid.
Chap. lx. Mules —— ------ 60
Chap. xli. Maltlongs —— ------ ibid.
Chap. xlii. Of a Cloven or Ox-foot <—-— —-— 61
Chap, xliii. Of aSeyma —- ------ ibid.
Chap. xliv. Of aBleyme ------ ------ 62
Chap. xlv. New' Frogs or Frufhes ——• —— 63
Chap. xlvi. Incajlellated or Narrow-heels —■—-
Chap, xlvii. Incajlellated Feet ------ ■—-— ibid.
Chap, xlviii. A Numbnefs or Stunning of the Hoof —\ — 66
Chap. xlix. For a Horfe that is Tender-Soled — —• ibid.
Chap. lxx. Of the Cepelet —■ — 68
Chap. lxxi. Of the Efperon or Spur — -—- ibid.
Chap, lxxii. Relaxed or Extended Nerves ------ ------. ibid^
Chap, lxxiii. Dtforders in the Haunch — —- 69
Chap, lxxiv. A Falfe-Step ------ ------ ibid.
Chap- lxxv. Of the Comb or Crown Scab ----- —--* 70
Chap. Ixxvi. Watery Sores on the Legs ---- ---- nt
Chap. Ixxvii. A Remedy for Warts ----- -—. 72
Chap. Jxxviii. Flefhy Frogs -— ----- ibid.
Chap. Ixxix. Fully or clogged-up Feet ------ —'— 73
Chap. lxxx. Circled Feet -------- -------- ibid.
Chap. Ixxxi. Battered Soles -------- —-----. ibid.
Chap. Ixxxii. The Spone-Spavin -------- —----- 74
Chap, lxxxiii. Spavinsy or Blood-Spavins — .— ibid.
Chap. Ixxxiv. Varices ----- -----, 76
Chap. Ixxxv. Veffigon ------— -------- ibid.
Chap, lxxx vi. The Curb----- —— n~
Chap. Ixxxvii. Contains general Remedies -------- ----- 78
A Treat if e of the Stud. . -------■ 86
Inflru&ions for Commijfioners who go to buy Horfes in foreign Countries 88
To preferve and reflore a Stable infeBed by the different Maladies of Horfes 89
The Anatomical Defcription of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe 90
Explications of the Bones of the Head ----- ----- 92
Explication of the Mufcles of a Horfes Body -------• 9<?
Of the MujcleSy their Number to each Party and their Off ces 107
Explanation of the. References that point out the Mufcles in the Plate m
A Supplement con f fling of choice Receipts for moJiDiJlempers to which Horfes are incìdenti 13 Reprejentation of the Jugular Veins — - - . - 123
Figures reprejem'ing the Moulds for cutting large Ears and other hifiruments ibid.
Deferiptions of the different Sorts of Shoes, &c. - - - 124
A Table of the Remedies, &c. - - - - 127
Indexes to Volume IL - - — 132
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GENERAL SYSTEM
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O F
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HORSEMANSHIP
In all its BRANCHES.
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VOL. IL
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CHAP. I.
Of making a proper Choice of Stallions and Breeding Mares, according to the
fever al Ufes they are dejigrid for.
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MONG the many Authors who have wrote on this CHAP.
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Subject, Sir William Hope miftakes as to the Spanijh j.
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Horfe. No Body at prefent makes ufe of them, and
they have never been known to get any thing good in England : But thè Arabians or Barbs are much the beft ; tho' of late Years our Breed is fpoiled in Eng- land in all forts of Horfes, by beginning to make ufe of them too early. By this Means we never know the Goodnefs of a Horfe, while fbme People attribute to an Infirmity, either in the Horfe, òr the Mare, the Fault which is only in themfelves. For by putting them to Running, Hunting, Travelling the Road, Drawing, or any Kind of Labour, before they come to be turn'd of four Years Old, we run the Hazard of fpoiling them ; and then they mould be very gently ufed till they are turned of five, and ftill but moderately till after Six, which will make them prove more lafting and hardy. B But
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2 A General Syftem of Horjmanjhip.
CHAP. But we have of late Years run too much into the Barb and Arabian kind ; for, tho'
I II III.' in a great many Studs they have brought them to a Size tall enough, they want Subitanee *—-v**> to carry Weight ; which is now the Caufe fo much complained of in England. We are alfo apt to breed out of too old Mares, as well as cover with too old Horfes ; whereas I would advife always to put an old Horfe to a young Mare, and never cover an old Mare but with a young Horfe. For an old Horfe and an old Mare very often bring weakly Colts, fuch as are fubjeci: to Humours and other Infirmities, as weak Eyes, Spavins, and Ring-bones, &c. efpecially if the Sire or Dam has had the like Infirmities, by reafon of their being hard {trained in their youthful Days. If a fine, frefh, young Horfe, that has Size and Strength, got by an Arabian or Barb, was put into training at four Years old, and kept until five Years old, and then tried whether he can run or not, provided he had been all along in careful Hands, and not hurrieÖ. in his Exercife, but brought on gradually, he would certainly beget better Colts than his Sire. He muft have been, however, out of a found, healthful, young, frefh Mare. I would not have a young Horfe, that is defigned for a Stallion, ever to have any
Phyfick ; for that only impairs Nature, and makes their Colts weakly. There ought to be the fame regard as to the Mares ; for it is a general Rule, that the firft Colt of a hard flrained Mare proves weakly ; they wanting a natural Soil to bring their Body into good or regular Habit. For foiling them fome time before, carries the Dregs of the Phyfick off, and brings their Bodies to be cool and temperate. It is a general Obfervation, that putting a Horfe and Mare together, that have been both at hard Meat a considerable Time, may be liable to produe a dwindling Colt. One thing more ought to be obferved, which is too often practifed ; that a Mare that brings good Colts, is apt to be put to Horfe every Year ; which mull certainly weaken much her Off-fpring ; for if you cover a Mare every Year, you are obliged to take your Colt off early, otherwife you weaken the Mare, and likewife the Colt within her, which is greatly prejudicial to both ; whereas if you cover a Mare but every other Year, you may then let the Colt fuck till the latter End of February, which is more nouriming to it at that Age, than any Feed that can be given it. CHAP. II.
The Manner of Soiling Horjes.
THERE are different Manners of Soiling in different Places ; but thefe are the moft
approved of, efpecially in the North of England, viz. In the Spring, as foon as you can have frefh Grals, give him a little of it two or three
Times a Day, in order to keep his Body cool ; whereby he won't want fo much Water as they ufually do in the Time of Covering, which when given too plentifully often caufes broken Wind. I by no Means approve of phyficking a Stallion, only towards the latter End of Januaryu
If neceffary, in Auguft, take a little Blood from him, and if fubject to Humours, give him walking Exercife to take them off. As to breeding Mares, there is little Direction to be given, only let them have a Hovel to
fhelter themfelves from the Inclemency of the Weather ; and when there is a Scarcity of Grals, give them good Hay, and if of a tender Conftitution, a little Corn. N. B. Always chufe your Paddocks or Pafiures in an upland dry Ground»
CHAP. Ill,
The Manner of weaning and ordering Colts,
WHEN you take your Colt from the Mare, put him into a Stable (not too warm) ;
put a Halter upon him, and learn him by Degrees, and gentle Methods, to walk in after you. Stroak him with your Hand in the Stable ; ufe him to be rubbed and clapt all over, every Day. Taking up his Legs, with your Hand pat his Feet, that by fo doing he may be lefs fhy when he comes to be fhod. This muft be praciifed till fuch time as he comes to be broke. C H A P.
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A'ftiort Difcourfe of Hunting Horses.
■
THERE are already extant fo many Books concerning Sports, and every common
Huntfman is fo well acquainted with the general Rules of his Profeiiions, that it is needlcfs to expatiate here, upon a Subject univerfally known : I fhall therefore touch chiefly upon fuch Particulars as are the Effeci. of Experience only, and not hi- therto made public, as they were communicated to me by fome of the oldeft and beft Sportfmen. The Qualities of a good Hunter have a near Affinity with thofe required in a Running
Horfe ; only in the Choice of a Hunter, you are to look for Strength more than in a Running Horfe ; the Fatigue of the former being often equally violent, and ufually of longer Continuance than that of the latter. In a Word, the Bufinefs of the Courfe is limited and regular, that of the Chace altogether uncertain, and fubject to Chances, or the Rider's Difpofition. In the Beginning give your Hunter moderate Exercife, till he has got Meat in his Belly*
He need not be kept, like the other, to an exad Regimen of Diet : Any clean Food
is fit for him, and he may «at what Quantity he pleafes. After ail hard Chace, walk your Horfe till he is quite cold ; then take a Drachm of
Saffron, pounded, half an Ounce of Venice or London Treacle, and a Spoonful of Honey. Diffolve them together in Beer over a gentle Fire, and give for a Draught. The Cordial Balls, made according to the Prefcription in this Work, are alfo excellent
on the fame Occafion. They Hkewife may be diffolved in Beer, and given in the fame Manner. A fmall Ball is better than a large one in this Cafe, when the Stomach of the Horfe is empty. When your Horfe is in the Stable, let him be well drefs'd, and his Feet wafh'd with
warm Water; then give him a little IcaldedBran, with fome Beans in it Other good things, that may either of them be given after a Chace, are, an Ounce
of Crocus Metallorum, itrix'd with his Bran, or given in Corn ; or only a Handful of Hempfeed mix'd with a common Feed. Either óf thefe, in cafe of the Failure of Appe- tite, will be very likely to rettore it. When you ufe the Crocus Metallorum, let the Corn be moiftened ; otherwife the
Crocus will fall to the Bottom of the Manger, or be liable to be blown away by the Horfe's Breath. When a Hunting Hòrfe has occaiiori to be purged, he mould have three fucceffive
Dofes, which may be thus preparedi Take Succotrine Aloes, one Ounce and a quarter ; Jalap Root, two Drachms ; Ginger
grated, one Drachm; Balfam of Sulphur, one Drachm ; Chemical Oil óf Annifeed, two Drachms: Make the whole up with Syrup of Buckthorn into a Ball. This, upon a Medium, is fufficient for one Dofe ; but the Quantity may be leffen'oi
or incréafed according to the Strength of the Horfe, or otker Circumftahces. Tie up your Horfe's Head an Hour before you give him his Purge, and let him ftand
two Hours after without Food. Give him warm Water in working. If the above Purge fhould not be ftrong enough, let fome Additions be made, according to the Strength of your Horfe, for his fecond and third Döfe. Make this as ftiff as poffibld, that it may not fo foon diffolve in the Stomach, and thereby have a better Effeci:. After Purging, exercife your Hunter moderately, as you dò your Running Horfe, in
order to increafe his Wind. When you defign to engage in a hard Hunting-Match, füch as the Stag, Buck, òr
Fox, let your Florfe be thoroughly prepared the preceding Day. In other Particulars, the Hunting Horfe comes under the fame Regulations as have
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Obfervations and Inftru&ions concerning Hounds*
TPlough Dogs are not ftrictly a proper Subject in a Book of Horfemanfhip ; yet, as
I can fay a few Things concerning them upon the Authority of Mr. Thomas John- fon, (Huntfman to his Grace the Duke of Richmond, and one of the Keepers of the New Foreft in HampfiireJ I jfhall infert them here for the Ute of the Curious. It is proper always to breed out of frefh Hounds, and to crofs their Strain continually,
that they may never be too near a-kin. A Dog that is any way crofs fhap'd fhould have a Bitch as contrary as pofììble. Thus,
for Example, if a Dog be too long in the Fork, chufe a fhort Bitch to mend the Breed» But the fineft Shape in the World fhould never induce you to breed from a Dog, unlefs he has at the fame time a very good Nofe, an open Noftril, and is well winded. Other Qualifications, requifite in a Dog to breed from, are his having a good Back
and Forehand ; his being fhort-jointed, round, and well footed : In a Word, his being ftout, and of a bold Appearance. The contrary Qualities to any of thefe ihould make you reject a Dog for this Purpofe. After Hounds have been upon a Chace, and when they can have two or three Days
Reft, Flowers of Sulphur and Crocus Metallorum are excellent in their Meat. Two Pounds of the Sulphur, and four Ounces of the Crocus, is fufficient for 40 Couple of Hounds. Too much Crocus is unfafe, a fingle Pound being enough to make 50 Couple bring up their Meat. As to purging of Hounds, it fhould be always done four Times a Year, and oftner
•upon extraordinary Occafions. The Purge fhould confift of Syrup of Buckthorn, Cream of Tartar, Epfom Salts, and
Sweet Oil, all mix'd together with their Meat. Let the Quantities of each be proportioned to the Number of Dogs, and the Nature of their Cafe. Every three Hours after the Purge is given, let them have a little other Meat very
thin, and made warm, to work it off. It is indeed the beft Way, on all Occafions, to make the Meat thin; and the leaneft
Dogs fhould be let in to it firft, that they may grow in Flefh. Hounds of all Sorts may be fed and purged in the fame Manner, and therefore there
is no Occaiion for any Diftinction on that Subject. To prevent Madnefs in a Hound, it is proper, towards the latter End of May, to boil
about four Pounds of Liverwort in a Copper of Mange, or Dogs Meat ; but let no Flefh be boiled in it. This Quantity is fufficient for 20 Couple of Hounds, about the Chang- ing of the MidfummerMooi\, when they are more fubject to grow mad than at any other Time of the Year j which perhaps may be attributed to the Overflowing of the Blood. It is always neceflàry, in fuch Cafes, to bleed before you give them the above Prefcription, For a Dog that is poifon'd take feven Grains of Emetic Tartar, and five or fix Grains
of Refin of Jalap ; which mix up with Venice Treacle. This Medicine is of quick Operation, and works immediately by Vomit or Stool.
Give your Dog fome Liquid immediately after taking it, to wafh his Mouth, and prevent
its naufeating his Stomach, which might occafion him to fling it up before it has the Effect. If the Mange fhould get among your Hounds, give them Flowers of Sulphur in Milk
every Morning for one Week, and then bleed in the Neck. Afterwards take Tobacco Stalks three Pounds; fteep them in four Quarts of Chamber-lye three or four Days ; then fqueeze them dry, and take half a Pound of Flowers of Sulphur, and as much Bole Ar- monaic, which put in a Pot, and let them boil half an Hour; then add Oil of Turpen- tine, and Train Oil, of each a Pint ; boil the Whole over a flow Fire for five Minutes, and pöur off into a Pot for Ufe. You apply it by tying a Rag to a Stick, and rubbing the Mangy-part. It is a never-failing Cure. Thefe Remarks, though kw in Number, and very fhort, will be found of great Va-
lue to all Huntfmen, and Gentlemen who love the Sport. It is not the Number of In- flections, but their Propriety, and the Confirmation of long Experience, that does all in the Treatment either of Horfes or Hounds. THE
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PERFECT KNOWLEDGE
O F
HORSES.
CHAP. I.
To know the Age of a Horfe.
AHORSE that is fit for Work mould have forty Teeth ; twenty four Grinders, which CHAR
teach us nothing ; and fixteen others, which all have their Names, and difcover his IvJ Age. ' ^ As Mares hava ufually rtö Tufks, their Teeth are only thirty fix. Thofe that have Tufks
are efteemed barren ; fit for Service, but not for the Stud : For, being warmer than others, they feldom have any Foals ; except in a temperate Country, and fome other Seafon than the Month of May ; which however is the Time of getting them covered. A Colt is foaled without Teeth. In a few Days he puts out four, which are called Pincers,
or Nippers. Soon after appear the four Separaten, next to the Pincers. It is fometimes three or four Months before the next, called Corner-Teeth, pufh forth. Thefe twelve Colt's Teeth, in the Front of the Mouth, continue without Alteration till the Colt is two Years, or two Years and a half old : Which makes it difficult, without great Care, to avoid being impofed on, during that Interval, if the Seller finds it for his Intereft to make the Colt pafs for ei- ther younger or older than he really is. The only Rule you have then to judge by, is his Coat, and the Hairs of his Mane and Tail. A Colt of one Year has a fupple rough Coat, refembling that of a Water-Spaniel, and the Hair of his Mane and Tail feel like Flax, and hang like a Rope untwifted ; whereas a Colt of two Years has a flat Coat, and ftrait Hairs, like a grown Horfe. At about two Years and a half old, fometimes fooner, fometimes later, according as* he
has been fed, a Horfe begins to change his Teeth. Soft Nourifhment, as Grafs in particular, will forward, and a firm Diet in the Stable will retard his Change. The Pincers, which come the firft, are alfo the firft that fall ; fo that at three Years he has four Horfe's, and eight Colt's Teeth, which are eafily known apart, the former being larger, flatter, and yellower than the other, and ftreaked from the End quite into the Gums. Thefe four Horfe Pincers have in the middle of their Extremities a black Hole, very deep ; whereas thofe of the Colt are round and white. When the Horfe is coming four Years old, he lofes his four Sepa- raten, or middle Teeth, and puts forth four others, which follow the fame Rule as the Pin- cers. He has now eight Horfe's Teeth, and four Colt's. At five Years old he fiieds the four Corner, which are his laft Colt's Teeth, and is called a Horfe. During this Year alfo his four Tujks (which are chiefly peculiar to Horfes) come behind the others, the lower ones often four Months before the upper : But, whatever may be vulgarly thought, a Horfe that has the two lower Tufks, if he has not, the upper, may be judged to be under five Years old, unlefs the other Teeth fhew the contrary : For fome Horfes, that live to be very old, never have any upper Tufks at all. The two lower Tufks are one of the moft certain Rules that a Horfe is coming five Years old, notwithstanding his Colt's Teeth may not be all gone. It often happens that your Jockeys and Breeders, to make their Colts feem five Years old
when they are but four, pull out their laft Colt's Teeth : But if all the Colt's Teeth are gone, and no Tufks appear, you may be certain this Trick has been played. Another Artifice they ufe, is to beat the Bars every Day with a wooden Mallet, in the Place where the Tusfks are to appear, in order to make them feem hard, as if the Tufks were juft ready to cut. When a Horfe is coming fix Years old, the two lower Pincers fill up, and, inftead oï the
Holes above-mentioned, mew only a black Spot. Between fix and feven, the two Middle D Teeth
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(5 A General Syjiem of Horjemanjhip.
C~H~A P. Teeth fill up in the fame Manner, and between feven and eight, the Corner Teeth do the like ;
I[- after which it is faid to be impofiibleto know certainly the Age of a Horfe, he having no lon- %"**°mir~~J o-er any Mark in his Mouth. You can indeed only have recourfe to the Tufks, and the Situ- ation of the Teeth, of which I fhall now fpeak. For the Tufks, you mull with your Finger feel the Infide of them, from the Point quite
to the Gum. If the Tufk be pointed, flat, and has two little Channels within-fide, you may be certain the Horfe is not old, and at the utmoft only coming ten. Between eleven and twelve the two Channels are reduced to one, which after twelve is quite gone, and the Tufks are as round within, as they are without. You have no Guide then but the Situation of the Teeth. The longefl Teeth are not always a Sign of the greater! Age, but their hanging over and pufhing forwards ; as their meeting perpendicularly is a certain Token of Youth. To come to the Explication of the Plates : Some, while they fee certain little Holes in the
middle of the Teeth, as in the firft, third, and fourth Figure, where they are fmall in the middle, and fomething lefs in the corner Tooth, imagine that fuch Horfes are but in their feventh Year, without Regard to the Situation the Teeth take as they grow old. When Horfes are young, their Teeth meet perpendicularly, as in the firft Figure ; but grow longer and pufh forwards with Age, as in the following Figures. Befides, the Mouth of a young Horfe is very flefhy within, in the Palate, and his Lips are firm and hard. On the contrary, the Infide of an old Horfe's Mouth is lean both above and below, and feems to have only the Skin upon the Bones : The L<ips are foft, and eafy to turn up with the Hand. All Horfes are not marked in the fame manner, but fome naturally and others artificially.
The natural Mark is called Begue ; and fome ignorant Perfons imagine fuch Horfes are marked all their Lives, becaufe for many Years they find a little Hole, or a kind of Void in the middle of the Separaters and corner Tveth : But when the Tufks are grown round, as well within as without, and the Teeth point forwards, there is room to conjecture, in proportion as they advance from Year to Year, what the Horfe's Age may be, without regarding the Cavity above-mentioned. The artifical Manner is made ufe of by the Jews and Jockeys, who mark their Horfes, af-
ter the Age of being known, to make them appear only fix or feven Years old. They do it in this manner : They throw down the Horfe, to have him more at Command, and with a Steel-Graver, like what is ufed for Ivory, hollow the middle Teeth a little, and the corner ones fomewhat more ; then fill the Holes with a little Rofin, Pitch, Sulphur, or fome Grains of Wheat, which they burn in with a Bit of hot Wire, made in proportion to the Hole. This Operation they repeat from time to time, till they give the Hole a lafting Black, in imi- tation of Nature. But, in fpite of all they can do, the hot Iron makes a little yellowjfh Cir- cle round thefe Holes, like what it would leave upon Ivory, They have another Trick therefore, to prevent Detection ; which is> to make the Horfe foam from time to time, af- ter having rubbed his Mouth, Lips, and Gums, with Salt, and the Crumb of Bread dried and powdered with Salt. This Foam hides the Circle made by the Iron. Another thing they cannot do, is to counterfeit young Tufks, it being out of their power
to make thofe two Crannies above-mentioned, which are given by Nature. With Files they
* may make them (harper or flatter, but then they take away the mining natural Enamel : So
that one may always know, by thefe Tufks, Horfes that are paft feven, till they come to
twelve or thirteen.
Having thus taught how to know a Horfe's Age, it is proper to defcribe his Defects, and
the Maladies he is fubjeét to. I begin with the Defefts of the Mouth, which may deftroy a Horfe without any Diftemper, efpecially if a Man is oblig'd to continue his Journey, when the Horfè cannot eat nor drink without Pain. CHAP. II.
Of the Baròs.
IF your Horfe does not drink, look under his Tongue, and fee if he has not two flefhy
Excrefcence on the Under-Ps alate, like little Bladders. It feems to be a mere Trifle ; but thefe however will hinder a Horfe from drinking as ufual ; and as he does not drink freely, he eats the lefs, and languifhes from Day to Day, perhaps, without any one's taking Notice of it. WThen you have difcovered the Difeafe, the Remedy is very eafy. You are only to open
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A General Syjiem of Horfemanjhip.
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open the Horfe's Mouth, with a fort of Iron that all Farriers have, or ought to have, called CHAp.
a Colt's Foot, and then cut off the two Bladders with a Pair of Sciffars. Some wa£h their IIJ> *V> Mouths, after having blooded them with the Horn, as the meaneft Farrier knows how, and V' then rub it well with Juice of Garlick, Salt, and Vinegar. This may do good, and can do no harm ; but the main Work is to cut off the Barbs, as above directed. CHAP. III.
Of Gag-Teeth.
THI S is known by opening the Mouth of a Horfe, and looking at his Upper-Palate, to
fee if the Flefh comes down below the inner Teeth. This gives him Pain in eatin<* his Oats, and even his Hay when it is too harm ; tho' he can very well manage Bran, Grafs, or kind I_ïay. The Remedy is as eafy as that for the Barbs : It is only putting the Colt's Foot into his Mouth, and burning him with a hot Iron, taking of a Bit off Flefli about as big as a Bean, which miift be done delicately near the Teeth. Give him afterwards, for two or three Days, fcalded Bran inftead of Oats, and then he will come to his Feeding as ufual. C H A P. IV.
Of Giggs upon the Lips.
HEN you have looked in the Horfe's Mouth, without finding any of the two Diforders
above, you mull turn up his Lips, both upper and under, and perhaps you may find feveral fmall Elevations, like little white Blifters, which make the Infide of the Lips uneven. This Defect may even be felt with the Finger, and is what hinders Horfes from eating as ufual. To cure it, you muft take the End of a good Iron Nail, beat thin and made fharp, and fcarify the Lips within-fide both above and below, as directed hereafter. Let as little Blood as pofiible come out of the Scarification. Bleed him afterwards with the
Horn in the midft of the Upper-Palate, between the two Tufks and the corner Teeth ; but carefully avoid entering a Cavity over-againft the Corners, becaufè thro' that you may bleed him to Death. If thro' the Unfkilfulnefs of the Operator, a Horfe be pricked in this Place, immediately take a Nut-fliell, or any thing elfe of the fame Figure, with a little Bit of Spunge, or Lint, or fine Tow, enough to fill the Shell near half; and having wetted it, and rolled it in powdered Red-Lead, put it in the Shell, and apply it to the Orifice, binding it on with a bandage over the Nofe. If it ftay on two Hours, the Blood is flenched. To return to the Bleeding. When it is Ikilfully performed, without any Accident attend-
ing, and the Horfe has been fcarfied, wafh his Mouth with Juice of Garlick, Salt, and Vine- gar, rubbing it well with a Rag faftened to the End of a Stick. Some Hours after give him a Mafh of fcalded Bran, and afterwards feed him as ufual. The three Defects above-men- tioned, feldom happen to any but young Horfes, whofe Mouths are flefhy. CHAR V.
Of Gag-Teeth.
r a ^HIS Defedi: happens rarely to young Horfes, and is to be difcovered by putting the Colt's
JL Foot into their Mouths, and looking at the large Grinders, which in this Cafe appear unequal, and in eating catch hold of the Infide of the Cheeks, caufing great Pain, and making them fometimes refufe their Food. You may obferve alfo as the Horfe eats, that fmall Pellets of chew'd Hay will dip out between the Teeth and Cheeks, into the Manger, or upon the Ground. The only Cure is to make the Teeth even, which may be done an eafier Way than the Farriers commonly take, who ftrike off the Parts that flick out with a Mallet and Chif- fel, and endanger the loofening of all the Teeth, befides wounding, or even killing the Horfe, in Cafe the Hand mould ilio. This is indeed the morteli Way ; but mine is much the fafeft. It is only to take a good Steel File, not too coarfe, about two Fingers broad, and one thick, which is the fame Size as the Farriers ufe to rafp the Hoot, after fhoeing ; put it in the Horfe's Mouth, between the great Grinders, fometimes on one fide, tornearne on the other ; which will oblige him to chew upon it, and by that Means wear off himfelf all the Inequalities, and make the Teeth even. After which he will eat better, and his Food will afford him more Nutriment. jr |
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$ A General Syftem of Horjemanfhip.
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CHAP. If any Horfe iliould be found who refufes his Food, and yet it is not fick, nor has any of
VI, VH,^ above-mentioned Defects, examine well his Manger, his Rack, the Pail he drinks out of, and every Place about him : For the leaft Naftinefs or Stink turns a Horfe's Stomach, there not being a more cleanly Animal under the Sun. We now proceed to other Accidents, and efpecially thofe of the Eyes. C H A P. VI.
A Blow on the Eye.
IF a Horfe receives a Blow only on the Eye-lid, and the vitrous Humour be not hurt, the
Cure is very eafy. When his Eye appears fwelled and inflamed from any Tuch Accident, take Armenian Bole, powder it fine, and dilute it with White-Wine Vinegar and the Whites ef Eggs to a pappy Conftftence ; ufe it five or fix Times a Day till the Cure is effected, and then with warm Water clear away all the remaining Filth, which will enable him to open his Eye. But if the vitrous Humour has been hurt, after the foregoing Remedy apply the fol- lowing. Take Rofe and Plantain-Water of each 4 Ounces ; Tutty in fine Powder 2 Drams ', ufe it
with a Feather. Introduce it gently, opening the Eyelids, that you may come at the Speck. If the Whitenefs be great, take 4 Drams of Tutty inftead of two. You may apply it five or fix times a Day. CHAP. VII.
How to know Moon-eyed Horfes.
A Moon-eyed Horfe is known by his weeping, and keeping his Eyes almoft fhut at the
Beginning of the Diftemper. As the Moon changes he gradually recovers his Sight ; and in a Fortnight or three Weeks fees as well as before. Your Dealers, when they have fuch a Horfe to fell at the time of his weeping, always tell you that he has got a Bit of Straw or Hay in his Eye, or that he has received fome Blow. They alfo take great Care to wipe a- way the Humour, to prevent its being feen. But a Man fhould truft only himfelf in buy- ing of Horfes, and above all be very exact in examining the Eyes. In this he muft have re- gard to the Time and Place where he makes the Examination. Bad Eyes may appear good in Winter, when the Snow is upon the Ground ; and often good ones appear bad, according to the Pofition of the Horfe. Never examine a Horfe's Sight by the fide of a white Wall, where the Dealers will chufe to fhew one that is Moon-eyed. The fureft Way is to take him juft at the Stable-Door, when only his Head peeps out, and all his Body is ftill within ; or to examine him in a dark Stable, with a Candle. If the White of the Eye appears reddifh at bottom, or the Colour of a withered Leaf, I would not advife you to purchafe that Horfe. A Moon-eyed or lunatic Horfe has always one Eye bigger than the other, and above his
Lids you may difcover Wrinkles or Circles. If he has been attacked but twice or three times with this Diforder, there are fome hopes
of a Cure, by purfuing the following Directions. At leaft you have a Chance to fave one Eye, and prevent the Deformity of the other. If you take him at his being firft affected, both Eyes will become as good as ever. This Diftemper proceeds from different Caufes, which every one is not acquainted with. When young Colts have eat too much Oats, or other Grain, they are apt to ftrain the
Veffels which feed the Eye. Others have the Eyes difeafed by being rid and fatigued too young ; and others owe it to the Soil where they were brought up. Fat, humid, or marfhy Ground, which breeds a very juicy Grafs, may caufe the Head to fwell with Humours, and weaken the Sight. Grey, Ifabel, Whitifh, are Flea-bitten Horfes, or more fubject than others to thefe Diforders. Not that any Colour is exempt from it, or that any Pafture may not produce it. CHAP. VII.
The Manner of treating a Moon-eyed Horfe.
PU T him firft to a Bran Diet, and give hive no Oats during the whole Courfe. Make an
Incifion along the Vein that panes from the Temple to the Corner of the Eye, and a lit- tle above it Having opened the Skin with a delicate Hand, take a fmall wild Goats Horn, and an Incifion-Knife, and divide all the Flefh from the Artery without cutting it. As you go
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A General Syjietn of Horjemanjhip. p
go on, pafs the Goat's Horn underneath ; and then with a Needle and ftrong double Silk, C H À P;
well waxed, make a Ligature on the upper fide of the Artery ; then open the Vein long- J^_El> ways, without cutting it, and let it bleed for fome time. When you have drawn away Blood enough, which will be in a Quarter of an Hour, pafs the Goat's Horn again under thé Ar- tery, and in the fame manner make another Ligature next to the Eye. Then cut the Artery between the two Ligatures, clip off the Silk pretty clofe to the Knots, and fill up the Wound with a Quartern of Butter, mixed with about an Ounce of Salt. Do the fame on the other fide the Head. Drefs the Wounds afterwards twice a Day, for about a Week ; and then continue to foment them three times a Day with hot Wine, fweètened with fine Sugar, till the Cure is compleated. This Operation is properly called Cutting the Temporal Arteries,; and not Tying-up the Veins, as it has hitherto been ignorantly named by the Farriers and Grooms, who know no Difference between an Artery and a Vein. Some perform it in an another Manner, by running a hot Wire a-crofs ; but this Way is
not always fuccefsful, and the other is moft proper for thofe who have not a very nice Hand,- A Month after this Operation, the Horfe muft be unnerved, as defcribed in Fig. IV. N°. IL The Wounds here muft be dreffed with Salt Butter, as before : And obferve to ufe no Wa- ters nor Powders to Moon-Eyes, becaufe the Difeafe is within the Eye, and not upon the Cornea. CHAP. IX.
How to to unnerve a Horfe.
AKE your Incifions four Fingers breadth below the Eyes, and you will find a Sort of
Mufcle on both fides the upper Part of the Nofe, defcending along the Front. Make a third Incifion at the End of the Nofe, above the Noftrils, where the two Mufcles join in the Middle, and are not bigger than a Goofe-Quill ; whereas above, at the other Incifions, they are feverally as big as one's Thumb. You muft draw them both out with the Goat's Horn thro' the lower Wound. A Horfe that has not been lunatic above one or two Moons, will certainly recover his Sight after this laft Operation, fuppofing the whole be well performed : Nay, fometimes after three or four Moons, a Horfe has been perfectly cured. But in this there is Danger, and the Operations ought not to be deferred longer than the firft or fecond Moon. They are not expennVe, and depend only on the Addrefs of the Operator. C H A P. X.
A Remedy for a Web in the Eye.
TAKE of the Herbs, Celandine, Ground-Ivy, Night-Shade, of each two Handfuls ; Sco-
lopendra, or Spleen-Wort, one Handful ; beat them all together in a Marble Mortar, and prefs out their Juice thro' a Linnen Cloth. Dip a foft Feather in this Liquor, and put it into the Horfe's Eye, three or four Times a Day. When you perceive the Web diffipate, you may take a little Rofe and Plantain Water, in proportion to your Quantity of Juice, and nfe it every Day. If the Web be old and obftinate, add a little common Salt, and Verjuice, and you will feldom fail of Succefs. tor a Horfe that has a difordered Sight.
Take Spring or Rain-Water, and Rofe-Water, of each an equal Quantity ; filter the for-
mer thro' a whited brown Paper ; rafp in a little Caftik Soap, arid double-refined Sugar ; beat up the whole together till the Sugar and Soap are diffolved : Then let it fettle, and afterwards filter it again thro' another Paper. Ufe this with a foft Feather three or four times a Day, till the Eyes become clear. Pills to purge the Brain of a Horfe that has fore Eyes;
Take Agaric; Succo tri ne Aloes, Senna Leaves, Tur bit h Root, Gentian, and Ginger, of
each three Drams ; all in Powder ; and with unfalted Butter, or Syrup of Buckthorn, make it into a fufficient Number of Balls, to be rolled in Liquorice Powder, for one Dofe. Give after it a few Gkffes of Wine, to make him fwallow it the better. He fhould faft fix Hours before and after taking this Dofe. |
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A General Syfiem of Horfemanjhip.
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A Powder to difjtpate a Web.
Take of Garden Thyme, and Serpillum or Wild-Tljyme, one Ounce ; dry one or both of
thefe in the Shade, and make a fine Powder, which ufe with a fine Feather to the Horfe's Eye three or four times a Day. Remember never to blow any Powder into a Horfe's Eye.
A?iother Remedy for the fame Purpofe, or for other fore Eyes.
Take Celandine Juice, 2 Ounces ; White Sugar Candy, 1 Ounce ; White Vitriol, Flor en-r- une Orrice Root powder'd, each half an Ounce. Put the Juice and Powders into a Pint of Plantain or Spring Water, beat it all well together, till the Water is in a Froth ; then let it fettle all Night, and filter it thro' whited brown Paper, to ufe with a Feather. Another Powder may be made with Bits of Chryftal, or Glafs, beat very fine, with an
equal Quantity of Sugar-Candy ; flft it well, and ufe it either for a Web, or any other Spot on the Eye. The following is very good.
Take Ground-Ivy, four Handfuls ; Commo?ï Salt, Sugar Candy, White Copperas calcin'd,
each 1 Ounce ; fix new laid Eggs, boiled hard, and the Yolks to be taken away ; after which beat Shells and all well together in a Marble Mortar with a Pint of white Wine. Let it infufe twelve Hours, and filter it thro' Paper for Ufe. Another Powder.
Take common Slate, Calcined Snail-Shells, Kalt or Salt-Wort, each 2 Ounces : Powder all thefe, and lift them thro' a fine Lawn Sieve. Ufe this as before defcribed, and continue it till the Cure is-finifh'd. CHAP. XL
A Remedy for Wounds in the Eyes. *" ~y AKE Armenian Bole pulverized, mix it well with the Whites of Eggs, and beat up thé
whole with White-Wine Vinegar, 'till it is of the Conflftence of Child's Pap: Anoint round the Eye with this three or four times a Day, till the Inflammation abates. If any Speck then remain, ufe the following Water. Take Rofe Water, Plantain and Carduus Water, each 2 Ou?2ces ; Powder of Tutty, Sugar
Candy, Cyprus Vitriol, each 1 Dram ; mix all together, and when it has flood long enough for the Water to be clear, filter it thro' Paper, and ufe it to the Eye with a Feather. This is an excellent Eye-Water, in all Disorders of the Eye where is a Flow of Blood or
Humours. Another Eye-Water.
Before you undertake the Cure, examine carefully from whence the Web or Pearl pro-
ceeds ; there being two Sorts of them ; the firft natural, the other accidental, and occafl- on'd by fome Blow. As this latter muff, be the moff. recent, fo it is the eafieft to cure. In your Examination of the Eye therefore, upon the Difcovery of a White Spot, if this Spot be ftreaked with Red, either in the Middle or towards the Edge, you may boldly conclude that the Plorfe has been flruck, and may be eaflly cured, uflng only the Remedies already and hereafter pre/bribed. If it be a natural Web, you muff engage with the Humours that feed it : For which pur-
pofe nothing more is necefTary than the Lapis Mirabilis (the Compofition of which we fhall give at the End of the Book) powdered fine. Mix an Ounce of this with 8 Ounces of Plan- tam and Rofe-Waters, each in equal Quantities, and beat up the Whole together till it become as white as Milk. Put fome of this in the Eye with a Feather three or four times a Day, fljaking the Bottle every time. If the Web be very obftinate, increafe the Quantity of Lapis Mirabilis ; and in Proportion as the Web decreafes, fill up the Bottle with Plantain and Rofe- Water, to make it weaker ; for by keeping the Compofition ftill as ftrong as at the beginning, the Remeday may be made worfe than the Difeafe. In a Web that proceeds from Nature, you muff deprive your Horfe of Oats all the time
- of the Cure, and give him only fcalded Bran, or Barley bruifed in a Mill, to refrefh him ; and in order to turn the Humours, make him from time to time take the following |
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Draught,
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Take
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A General Syftem of Horjemanjhip.
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Take Agancli powdered, Powder of Liquorice, each i Ounce ; Sal-Prune/, half an CHAP.
£W. Mix all tnefe together in a Quart of fmall Gruel, and give it in a Horn, four Hours XII> after eating any thing. He muft afterwards faft four Hours more. If you are diftant from uSl^ any Town, and can get no Ro/e or Plantain-Water, ufe ikimmed Milk or Whey in the ^^ room of it ; or, for want of that, Spring or River Water. ■ Another very good and eafy-made Water for the Eyes.
take one Dram of either Cyprus or White Vitriol in Powder; diffolve it in half a Pint
of very clear Water; fling this Mixture into a large red-hot Copper-kettle not tinn'd and \* it remain in it three Days; then filter the Water for Ufe. 3 I hope the Reader will pardon my fetting down fo many different Remedies, fihce I do it
only for his Advantage. A Man is not always near an Aoothecarv nor in fl nl, n I to find the «Ay Plant, : I therefore refer L, to thofe 'which ^ eafieft Z? NoTe can blame me for being fomewhat extenfive upon the Accidents of the Eye as nothi the Knowledge of a Horfe can be of more Importance than his Sight. ' "^ m All Accidents in the Eyes of Horfes are not of the fame Nature, but fome are much eafier
to cure than others. Some are made fore by being over-heated, and others by Pains'in the Hral A MAATfh f thC ^f^ H°rfej.are often hurt b7 'ending with their Heads ex-
pofed to the Mid-day Sun. Others oy feeding on Corn too young, before their Taws were ftrong enough to grind it have fwelled with the very Pains they have taken, the Arteria that carry the Blood to all the Extreme of the Body, efpecially to the Head and Eyes which caufes too great an Abundance of Humours, clogs the Sight, and at laft occafions De fluxions or fore Eyes. Some again have this Difeafe by Inheritance, derived from the Father" or Mother. Every one therefore who would rai/è a Breed of Horfes, or form a Stud fU ^ M take care that both the Stallions and Mares have good Eyes, efpecially the former. There is one Thing more which a Buyer mould be guarded againft. A Dealer who has a
handfome Horfe, but with a Dragon in the Eye, in order to fell him for a Stallion will put that Eye entirely out, and pretend that he loft it by Accident ; becaufe a Horfe that has loft an Eye by Accident is as good for a Stallion as another. The beft and fhorteft Way for watery Eyes, or Eyes that are inclined to be Moon-ftruck U
to bathe them feveral times a Day, above and below, with frelh clean Water efneciallv '
the Uds ; making; ufeof a large Spunge tf this does not leffen the Inflammation, add to it
a fixth part ol White-Wine Vinegar, and ufe it with Patience ; for nothing can be better for
Humours and Inflammations. If thefe Defluxions come often, the Horfe k in m.Mt. a
r i . T . ,. , , wiicu, tue nunc is m great danger or becoming Lunatic : to prevent which, cut the temporary Artery, as before directed.
CHAP. XII.
A Whitlow in the Eye.
WHAT I call by this Name is a flefhy Excrefcence, that proceeds from the Corner of
the Eye, and covers a Part of the Pupil. It is in Shape almoft like the Beard of an Oyfter ; and, tho feemingly not a Matter of great Confequence, if fuffered to grow, it draws away a Part of the Nourifhment of the Eye, and fometimes occafions a total Privation of Sight. In order to a Cure, tie up the Horfe that he cannot ftir, and then dexrroufly flide a Piece
of Gold or Silver under the Excrefence : Then with a large Needle, threaded with ftrong Silk go thro' the middle of it, in order to draw it up ; and fo cut it off with ScilTars. It is tifai ally about as big as a Silver Penny. You have nothing to do after the Operation, 'but to waiJi the Eyes three or four times a Day with cold Spring Water. CHAP. XIII.
Of the Strangles.
E proceed from the Eyes to the other Diftempers incident to Horfes, beginning with the
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j. ir r 1 —too •»*«.« uic
w . Strangles, But, before we define it, the Reader fhould be informed that Horfes run at
the Nofe in eight different Difeafes. Few People diftinguifh thefe, and only fay in general that a Horfe has the Strangles or Glanders. Five of thefe eight Sorts are curable, and three incu- rable ; for want of knowing which, many run into unneceffary Expences, when they had better knock the Horfe on the Head, Even of the five curable Sorts many Horfes die, in (pirn
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A Gemica Syjiem of Horfemanjhip.
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12
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CHAP, fpite of the beft Remedies, when they are in an ill State of Body, and the Difeafe is violent.
XIII. The firft or true Strangles may be compared to the Small-Pox ; a critical Diftemper, of ' which many Perfons die, tho' under the Hands of the beft Phyiicians. The fecond is the Baftard Strangles ; the third is called Morfoundering ; the fourth, the Strangullion ; the fifth, the contagious Head-Evil. In this the Strangles differ from the Small-Pox, that tho' many antient Perfons efcape the
latter, there is no young Horfe but is fubject to have the former, either perfectly or imperfect- ly. It ufually appears at about 3, 4, or 5 Years old • but after 5 it ought not to be called the Strangles, as I Shall fhew in the Sequel. How to know the Strangles.
The only Sign is a large Swelling between the two nether Jaw-bones, which dis-
charges a white Matter. The larger the Swelling, the more eafy the Cure ; but in fevere cold Weather, when the Pores are fhut, more Care is required than at another Time. The Horfe muft then be kept warm in the Stable, and fuffered to drink only warm Water mixed with a little Flour or Bran. Keep him from Oats, and feed him with Bran and boil- ing Water, the Fumes of which will bring down the Matter, and you need not fear his burn- ing his Nofe. But in Summer or Spring, when this Diftemper commonly appears, good Pa- fture alone is almoft fufncient to effecT: a Cure. You may ufe the following Ointment, to ripen the Swelling under the Jaws.
Take Ointment of Rofes, Ointment of Marjhmallows, Ointment of Poplar Buds Virgin
Honey, of each 4 Ounces ; Bajilicum, 8 Ounces. Melt them all together over a flow Fire • ftir the Composition while it cools, and then, having rubbed the Part well, tie over it the hairy Side of a Lamb-Skin or Hare-Skin. When the Swelling breaks, put into it a Stopple of Tow covered well with Bajilicum, or for want of that with frefh Lard, and faften the DreiTing on with more Tow. Continue this till a Cure is effected ; for when the Impoftume is broke, all Danger is over. If your Horfe lofes his Stomach, give him fuch a Cordial Draught as the following, viz.
Two Ounces of good Treacle, half an Ounce of powdered Rhubarb, and the fame Quantity of Salt Prwiel, diffolved in a Bottle of'Wine ; but let him faft 4 or 5 Hours before and af- ter taking it. The Bajiard Strangles.
This appears Sometimes like, and Sometimes different from the true Strangles. In the
former Cafe, treat it as you do that ; but when it comes in the Foot, the Leg, the Ham, the Hanch, the Shoulder, the Breaft, or the Eye, you muft proceed otherwife. With- out Care it may corrupt the Pupil of the Eye, as the Small-Pox does in Men. This Diftem- per proves that the Horfe did not throw off his true Strangles, but that Some foul Humours are ftill leSt behind. It may come at 4, 5, 6, or even at 7 Years oS Age. You may know when a HorSe is not clear by his continual Languor at Work, and Seeming perpetually weary without any vifible Ailment. When you perceive virulent Swellings in any oS the Parts before-mentioned, rub them with
the Same Ointments that you uSed in the true Strangles. IS you cannot get any of thofe Drugs, take clean Barley or Oats, or, Sor want oS thoSe, Rye-Flour ; boil it in Milk to a thick Pap ; add Lamp-Oil at Difcretion ; and then wjth Tow apply it to the Tumour, every Day Srem, and as hot as the HorSe can bear it, making him drink, Srom time to time, Some Such Draught as the Sollowing. Take Venice Treacle, 3 Ounces ; Affa Fcetida, 1 Ounce. Mix it with a Pint oS Wine Sor
a Draught. Morfoundering.
MorSoundering appears by a Running at the NoSe, much like the Strangles ; but the
Swelling under the Jaws is leSs. IS by the above-mentioned Medicines you can make the Glands Swell, you gain much Ground ; and yet more when you bring them to a DiScharge. Negka nothing thereSore at the Beginning oS this Diftemper, which may prove oS dange- rous ConSequence ; Sor iS thoSe Glands continue in the Same Situation, and grow to one of the lower Jaw-bones, you have Reafon to apprehend an incurable Glanders ; whereas if you can foften the Glands, and make them fit to open, you may depend on a Cure, by only pro- ceeding as in the Strangles. This
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A General Syfiem of Horfemanjhip. 13
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~~~~ CHAF.
The Stranguillion. XIII.
This is an extraordinary Diftemper, and which, without inftant Relief, will ftrangle a
Horf>" by preying on the firft Knot of the Throat, and preventing Refpiration. It is known by a green Matter iffuing from the Nofe, and many ignorant People take it for the Glanders. The Horfe that has it muft either die, or be cured in a Fortnight, or atmoft m three 'We 4s ' All the Glands round the lower Jaw, quite to the Corner of the Eye, are fo fwelled that'a Horfe cannot turn his Head, nor even ftoop it towards his Breaft. When you know the Diftemper by thefe Symptoms, rub the Swelling firft with the fame Ointment prefcribed for the Strangles, adding a little Oil of Bays - or, for want of that, with the Pap there di- eted wrapping up the Part with the Skin of a Lamb or Hare. As a Horfe in this Diftem- rCer fwallows with Difficulty, take 5 or 6 dry Bifcuits, or for want of them hard Crufts of Bread • pound them in a Mortar, , and boil them in about three Quarts of ftrong Beer, to the CnnfXnce of Child's Pap ; then add half an Ounce of Cinanmon, and two Ounces of Li- quorice, both in Powder : Mix them well, and give the Horfe of this, Morning and Even- irlo- in the Form of a Draught. „,.,.„. n v e If the Horfe has a Difficulty of Refpiration, bleed him well, which will give great. Reher ; but if the Paffage and the Throat continue obftruaed, take a Bull's Pizzle, and after having ut off the Hair, and beat the Point with a Hammer, to make it pliant, rub it over with Honey of Rofes,' and thruft it tenderly down the Throat, moving it eafily backwards and for- wards two or three times. After this, make him take the Pap, giving a little at a time in the Horn and ilackening his Cord between whiles, that he may ftoop his Head and breathe. As amorfe is exceffively weak in this Diftemper, there Zhou Id be a Man on each fide of him, to fuDDot him ; and let one of them ftroke his Throat, while the other ftnkes upon his Flanks, to facilitate his fwallowing. Cordial Powders are very good in thefe Difeafes, given from two to three Ounces in a Bottle of Wine. For want of thofe Powders, you may ufe Venice Treacle, and Confedion of Hyacinth in the fame Quantity. The contagious Head-Evil.
This Difeafe is called contagious, becaufe it is eafily communicated from one Horfe to
another even without coming near. Sometimes it fpreads fifteen or twenty Miles round, A TUHdrnoft every Horfe, which makes it afcribed to an ill Air. The Glands
iSSS^Jaw; but fwelltoa prodigious Size and the Matter which nVn sfrom the Nofe is almoft all yellow ; whereas in- the Stranguillion it is green. Many Sorfes burft with this Evil, in fpite of all the Care that can be taken, efpecially when it is not ÌOtLtT^lÌt^ Cordials, Morning and Evening, to enable them to throw off
^^^^<^ TakealfotwogGoofe-Quills; rub the foft Part of the Fea- Ï Pw7th Oil of Bays, and tie to the hard Ends a fmall String ; then thruft up the Feathers f! Noftrils one into each, as far as they will go, and faften the String to the Nofe-^ mto the Noitr , • turning the Horfe fo that the Matter may not drop into the Manger. ^tJf-W times a Day half an Hour at each ^JJO« £* ^ toLgthe^Swelling to M^^^*^ %^ ^^ roaft If neither tte <*^ent ^ ti ^ Pand j them as hot as the Horfe can bear, putting tW° lT S^Si^Sid T^ and keeping it on with a Bandage, or Skin as before. it alter au, f r ■ Finger. B ood, mingled with the Matter mat comes
Iron, about as b| a the End 0^ one t g , g .^^ Day a ^. rf
TtPTBlfilium rill the Ble'edingeeafes; obferving always to keep the Wound ver,
low and[Bafflicum, Witt B in the former Cafes, and let him drink no- warm. Feedf the Hork WttaM ^ be fó no Purpofe t0 t any thing
thing cold If no B ood ^ torn ^ ^ ^^ ^ ff ^
into the Wound ; but continue omy ftrengthen his Appe-
loft his Stomach, admimfter Cordials trom time to time, in o &
rite.
•r, Cardials
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i. A General Syfiem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP.
XIII. |
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Cordials for Horfes that are fick, a?id have lofi their Stomachs.
Take Venice Treacle, i Ounce and a half; Rhubarb, Angelica Root, Salt Prunel, each
half an Ounce ; mix all together in a Bottle of Wine for a Draught. If you cannot get thefe Drugs, giye four Ounces daily of the Cordial Powders, and keep the Horfe warm. Another Medicine f or the Strangles.
Take Sacre and Lavender, a Handful of each, pounded well in a Mortar ; add two
Handfuls of Wheat Flour, and boil the Whole in a fufficient Quantity of Vinegar. Put it afterwards in a Pot, and apply it as hot as poilible to the Glands under the nether Jaw, twice every Day, keeping the Horfe very warm in the Stable, and making him drink Water whitened with a little Flour, and with about a Quartern of Honey mixed in each Pail. Leave his Draught every Time an Hour or two before him, and when you take it from him, throw away the Remainder, and warn the Pail well, left the Tafte fnould affect any thing elfe.
The Jimple Strangles may be cured by the following Remedy,
Take thirty Grains of black Pepper-Corns, and infufe them upon warm Embers, without
boiling, the Space of twenty-four Hours, in ten or twelve Ounces of White-Wine ; then take out the Pepper, and make the Horfe drink the Infufion : Repeat this every Day, and, tho' a fimple Remedy, it will be of great Effect. For a Horfe that runs with the Strangles.
Take a Handful of Chervil, boil it in Water with two Ounces of Oil of Bays, and
let it cool in the Pot : Mix the Water and the Oil, and ftir in the two Ounces of Agrip- pds Ointment. With this Compofition rub under the Horfe's Jaws, the Hair being fhaved off, and cover the Part with a Lamb or Hare-Skin, to bring the Swelling to a Head ; becaufe when it is opened your Horfe is half cured. Sometimes the Matter is curdled, fo that the Glands will appear hard, when they are fit to open : To know when. it is ripe therefore, obferve when the Hairs begin to fall off, which is a fure Sign that you may perform the Operation. If any Gland is yet unripe, put a Tent of Tow and Bafilicum into the Orifice ; and to forward the Cure, ufe a Tent with a Digeftive, made of four Parts Tur- pentine, and one Part of Yolks of Eggs, beat up together. Adminifter daily Venice Treacle and Cordial Powders, an Ounce of each, mixed in a Bottle of Wine : But if the Horfe has loft his Stomach, ufe the following. Take powdered Sugar, or Liquorice Powder, Cinnamon, and Nutmeg, with half an Ounce of Affa Fcetida ; mix them with Honey, to a Mafs as big as one's Fift ; and tie the whole up in a Linnen Cloth, that the Horfe may hold it in his Mouth. Bring the Strings from both Ends of the Cloth, over the Horfe's Head. Some Peo- ple put a Bit of Wood into the Cloth ; but I difapprove that Method ; tho' indeed more Care is required without the Wood than with it. This Bag, which is good lor many Diforders that take away a Horfe's Appetite, fhould be put in the Mouth four or five times every Day, and kept there a full Hour at a time. For a Horfe that has a Running at the Nofe, without being glandery.
Take the Herb which the French call Racile, and Ground Ivy, an equal Quantity of each ;
chop them and bruife them in a Mortar : Make them into fix Pills with frefh Butter, each as big as a Nut, which roll up in Liquorice Powder, and give them one after another. Then mount your Horfe, and trot and gallop him a little, till he fweats, and throws out more than ufual by his Nofe and Mouth. Ride him to the Water without letting him drink, and a Quar- ter of an Hour after trot him a little more. Then put him into the Stable, and cover him well. Give him this Exercife fix times in ten Days, and a fhort time after you will fee him quite well. A Remedy for a morfoundered Horfe.
^ Take two young Puppies, and boil them in two Gallons of White-Wine, with an Ounce
of Pepper, an Ounce of'Ginger, and four Ounces of Sugar, till the Wine is reduced to about half the Quantity ; ftrain it well, and give it the Horfe at four times, which will ferve Morn- ing and Night, two Days. The Horfe muft faft two or three Hours before and after taking it;
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A General Syjtem of Horjemanjhip. 11
it ; and immediately after he has taken each Dofe, walk him an Hour. If the Horfe con- CHAP.
tinues bad, repeat the fame Thing once or twice. XIV. CHAP. XIV.
The Glanders.
F the three Sorts of incurable Runnings at the Nofe, the worft to a young Horfe is the
Glanders from the Glands, as is manifefl from the Experience of all who have writ of Farriery. In a Courfe of fifty Years I have tried all the known Experiments, which I have added to thofe of my Father, during a Life of eighty Years fpent in the Army and the King's Stables : But all Remedies have been ineffectual for this Difeafe. The ihorteft way therefore is to kill the Horfes that'have it, to prevent their infe&ing others. A Saddle, a Bridle, a Cove- |
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ing that has been upon them, may communicate the Infection ; and it is a great Happineis
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when it falls out otherwife. The Place where they have been, fix Months after, may do the
fame. When a Stable has been infected, it is not fufficient to change the Rack, the Manger, the Pillars, the Bars ; to fcrape and white-wafh the Walls ; but you muft take up the Pave- ment, and at leali half a Foot of Earth under it, and put frefh Earth and Stones in the Room. How to know the Glanders of the Glands.
When a Florfe has a Running at the Nofe, either on the, one Side or the other, fed if he.
has any flat Glands faftened to the nether Jaw, which give him Pain, when you prels them ; obferve if the Matter he difcharges be yellow and ftinking, or if it flicks at the Bottom of the Noftril ; for thefe are ail bad Signs, and a Running at one Noftril is worfe than at both. Many throw down fuch a Horfe, to take away his Glands, by cutting the Skin under his nether Jaw, either with a Razor, or an Incifion-Knife. The Operation is not difficult, and I have been fo weak as to perform it above fifty Times, not one of which fucceeded ; nor have I heard any Man who had tried it fay otherwife than my felf. For fome time after the Operation indeed, the Horfe often throws out no more Matter ; but this is only till the Wound is healed, and then he becomes as bad as ever. New Glands will arife, and I have cut them off three times fuccefllvely, all to the fame Purpofe. It is in vain, therefore, to think of a Remedy for the Glanders. I own that fome morfoundered Horfes have been glanderous, and that it is often difficult to
diftinguifh Morfoundering from the Glanders : Hence many who have cured the former, pre- tend they have cured the latter. But, in a Word, if you cannot, by good Remedies, ripeti the Gland in a Month or fix Weeks, it is needlefs to be at any more Expence. The Glanders jrom the Spine, or Back-Bone Marrow.
This is equally contagious with the former ; from which it differs, in that the Matter eject-
ed is green and ftinking. Some Horfes in this Diftemper have no Glands ; others, one only under the nether Jaw, and that not growing to the Bones. They eat and drink as if they were well ; yet gradually wafte away, their Coats growing rough, in fpite of all the Care that can be taken of them. If the Running continues a Month or fix Weeks, the Gland re- maining hard, as at firft, give over all Thoughts of a Cure ; and the fame Direction may be obferved in what follows. The cancerous Glanders.
When a Horfe ejects a yellow Matter mixed with Blood, which proceeds from the Tendons
at the upper Part of the Noftrils, this Matter, whether any Glands appear or not, iffues from ulcerated Lungs. The very Corrofivenefs of the Pus breeds the Ulcers that yield the Blood. If the Lungs are not attacked, the Cancers may be healed by proper Medicines applied with a Feather : But when the Lungs are feized there is no Cure. It is not with Horfes as with Men, whofe Lives in this Condition may be prolonged by a proper Regimen -' But a Horfe is good for nothing when his Work is done, and therefore it is a needlefs Expence to keep him alive. A Medicine for all Horfes who have a Ru?ming at the Nofe.
Take half a Pound, 6 Ounces, ora Quartern of Black Soap, in Proportion to the Strength
of the Horfe ; dilute it in a Pint of hot Water ; then add to it as much Wine, and give |
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IÓ A Genei al Syjlem of Horjeman/hip
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CHAP, it for a Draught. Repeat this nine Days, obferving that the Horfe fafts five or fix Hours be-
XV. fore an(l after taking it. Give him his Food on the Ground, in a very clean Place, in order to make him lower his
Head ; which will enable him to throw off the Matter more eafily. Give him Remedies from time to time, to purge his Blood. Another Medicine for the fame Purpofe.
Take Cloves, Ginger, Grains of Paradife, Liver of Antimony, and White Hellebore, each
i Drachm : All powder'd, and mixt with a Pint of Vinegar. Add the Yolks of four frefii E<Tgs. Beat all well together, and give it your Horfe. Throw a little of it, at laft, up each Noftril, and continue this Prefcription eight or ten Days. Keep him warm, and give him warm Water to drink every Morning and Evening, having firft diffolved in it a Bit of leaven- ed Dough, as big as an Egg. If he refufes to drink becaufe of the Leaven, keep him a-dry till he alters his Mind. A Perfume for Glandery Horfes, that have a Running at the Nofe.
Take Olibanum, Maflick, Storax Calamit, Nettle Seed, Agarick, Juniper, and Bay Ber-
ries, each one Ounce. Having powdered and mixed all thefe Drugs, take a large Sack, open at both Ends, and put one End over the Horfe's Head, and the other over a Chafing- difil of live Charcoal : Then by little and little fprinkle an Ounce of the Powder upon the Coals, that the Horfe may receive the Smoak. Continue this ten or twelve Days, as the Cafe requires. There is another Difeafe that comes under the nether Jaw, which is a Sort of Gland that
does not run, but which gradually wears out a Horfe notwithftanding, and takes away his Stomach. For this take Wormwood, Smallage, and Nettles, of each a Handful ; bruife them well in a Mortar, and add a fufficient Quantity of Hog's Greafe : Make a Plaifter of the whole: and, after having (haved off* the Hair, bind it on with a Bandage. Renew it every twenty-four Hours, till the Malady decreafes. Another Medicine.
Take tWO or three Pleads of Garlicky and a Handful of Juniper-Berries ; bruife them in
a Mortar, and.add a Glafs of Br iony-Water : Then take Pepper and Ginger, of each an Ounce ; Cinnamon and Cloves, of each half an Ounce : Thefe being all reduced into Pow- der, take a Glafs of Aqua Vital, a Quartern of Honey, and an Ounce of Tobacco : Put the Whole into a Pint of White-Wine, and let it infufe the Space of a Night in an earthern Pot clofe covered, upon hot Embers. The next Day give him a little Broth ; and having {train- ed the Infufion thro' a Cloth, make him take it -, obferving that he has failed four Hours before. Take him out when he has drank it, trot and gallop him alternately, but walk him chiefly, efpecially at laft, for the Space of two Hours. Then put him in the Stable, rub him well down with Straw, cover him clofe, and let him faft two Hours longer. You may re- peat this Remedy five or fix times in a Fortnight, and if it does not cure him, it will be in vain to look for any other. CHAP. XV.
Of the Farcy.
THERE are fix Sorts of Farcy; five curable, with good Treatment ; but the fixth
abfolutely incurable ; though that is more than every one knows. When a Man has cured four or Uve Horfes of the Farcy, imagining every Farcy to be the fame, he pretends to have an univerfal Remedy. For this Reafon, I will defcribe the fix Sorts by their Names and their Effects ; it being neceffary to know them before their Cure is undertaken. The Firft is called the Farcy Farini Oculus. The Second, the Flying Farcy. The Third, the Corded Farcy. The Fourth, the Hens Arfe Farcy, The Fifth, the Cancerous Farcy. The Sixth, the Internal Farcy. I. The Farini Oculus.
This fort of Farcy appears in fmall Pimples, which iffue only from the Skin ; frefh ones
Hill riling as the former dry away. It is of little Confequence, and gives way to the fligheft Remedy
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'*"
A General Syfiem of Horjemanjhip. t f
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Remedy: Which is only to put the Horfe to Bran inftead of Oats, and give him one or two CHAP°
Bleedings. If thefe fail, you may purge him gently, and afterwards cure him by warning .^jJÜ^ his Pimples with Urine. But great Precaution fhould be ufed before one undertakes to purge a Horfe ; for a Medicine that may have worked fuccefsfully with hundreds of Horfes, may yet kill one at laft, in certain Difpofttions of Body. Thus if his Dung be hard, black, and burnt as it were, you muft adminifter a Glifter or
two, the Evening before you give him the Purge, in order to open his Body. For as nothing can purge a Horfe, unlefs it ftays with him twenty-four Hours before it works, a hot Body and hardened Excrement may caufe a Fermentation in his Bowels fufficient to burft him J The giving Bran, therefore, five or fix Days, and a few Glitters, make way for the Medi- cine to have its Operation. If it does not work at the end of twenty-four Hours, take the Horfe out, and walk and trot him alternately, till the EffecT: begins ; then cover him well, and keep him warm, till the Purging is over ; which will be in half a Day, or fometimes, perhaps, longer, according to the Force of the Medicine. If the Horfe be well prepared, ac- cording to the Directions above, you have nothing to fear, and the Cure will be foon accorri- pliilied. II. The Flying Farcy.
This Farcy comes almoft like the preceding ; except that as that appears only on the Back,
a little on the Neck, and fometimes a little on the Head, this may appear in all Parts of the Body ; but never runs up the Veins, or Nerves. Every Pimple that breaks, difcharges a Mat- ter, but it does not ftink like the following Sorts. This kind too is very eafy to cure, by ufing much the fame Means as before, and giving the Horfe after his Purge an Ounce and a half of Ajfafeetida, and an Ounce and a half of Salt Prunel, difTolved in a Bottle of Wine. Repeat this Draught three or four times every other Day, and warn the Pimples with frefh Urine as faft as they break, twice every Day, which will effectually dry them up. It is to be obferved in all Farcys, that the firft Pimple that appears, is generally the laft that heals ; and fo long as that remains the Remedies muft be continued. III. The Corded Farcy.
This Sort may come all over the Body, as well as upon the Legs. It differs from others
in this, that it fhoots between the Skin and the Flefh, as if Bits of Cord were put there, and at laft breaks, fometimes at one End, fometimes at the other, and fometimes in the Middle. It frequently extends four Inches, half a Foot, and fometimes even a Foot, but not along the Veins or Nerves like the two following Sorts ; and when broke, difcharges a white Matter very thick, and the Edges of the Orifice are extreamly red. It is not very difficult to cure, any more than the preceding Sorts ; not even if a Horfe has it all over his Body, and upon his Legs too. You have only to prepare the Remedies hereafter prefcribed, which are numerous, that fo the moft convenient may be adminiftered. The Horfe, by Way of Preparation, fhould be kept from Oats, and his Bran wetted. He muft not be fuffered to lick his Pimples, which might poifon him afrefh, and render ineffectual all the Medicines that can be given. After having prepared him a few Days with Bran, let him be blooded in the Veins of the Neck ; and the next Day, or the Day after, let him take one of the Purges hereafter pre- fcribed. IV. The Hens Arfe Farcy.
This Kind of Farcy, tho' curable, requires more Care and Application than either of the
preceding. It comes almoft like the laft, but with this Difference, that it runs along the Veins, either of the Neck or Legs, which occafions the Difficulty of the Cure. When it breaks it difcharges a white Matter mixt with Blood, and the Lips of every Orifice turn in- ward as if the Wound was g°mg to clofe ; whence it affumes the Name of Hen's Arfe. The Horfe's Body fhould be properly prepared with wetted Bran, to loofen the Habit of it, for fome Days before he is bled or purged ; and fome Cauftic, as Black Hellebore, Sublimate, Cyprus Vitriol, or any Compofition found in the Chapter of Medicines, fhould be put to every Orifice : But befure never to ufe Arfenick, becaufe it eats a long Time, inflames violently, and may lame a Horfe if the Farcy-Bud be near the Nerves or Tendons. V. The Cancerous Farcy.
This difcovers itfelf almoft like the preceding ; except that it creeps along the Nerves in- ftead of the Veins, and is confequently more difficult to cure : But the worft is that which E begins
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! g A General Syfiem of Horfemanfhip.
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C HAP. begins near the Fetlock-Joint, and running up the great Nerve almoft to the Haunch,
XV' makes the Leg very thick. Sometimes it is only in one Leg ; and then, if immediately taken in. Hand, it may be hindered from affecting the other, and confequently all the Body, which may in Time render it incurable. From every Pimple that breaks there iflues a Matter al- moft like the former, mixed with Blood. The Matter being difcharged, inftead of an Ori- fice remaining, an Elevation of proud Flefli appears, which muft be artfully taken down, obferving not to injure the Nerves by Caufticks, which mould not be too violent for that Reafon. In this Sort of Farcy, the Horfe mould be feparated from others, as in the pre- ceding, and that which follows. For the former Sorts, it is fufficient that he come not too near thofe that are found. But this by its Stench may communicate itfelf from one Stable to another, at leaft, if they are not pretty diftant ; for if the Vapours of the infecired Air, or any thing elfe enter the other Stable, the Horfes may be infecled by it. It is proper to fay here, that a Horfe in this Condition mould be work'd, provided the Weather be fair, and there is no Dirt under Foot. His Wounds mould be waffi'd with frefh Urine. When a Horfe has the Farcy, it is wrong to put him to Grafs, becaufe the Rain and Dew always make the Pimples revive in the Sort we are fpeaking of. Never think your Horfe cured till after the third Moon, tho' nothing appears ; but if then one of the Legs fhould be ftill a little fwelled, Labour alone will diilipate the Tumour in time. Some Legs have continued fwelled a whole Year, and yet afterwards have look'd as handfome as ever. VI. The Internal Farcy.
It would be needlefs to fpeak of this Sort, if it were not to make it known, to prevent the
Ufing of Remedies to no purpofe. It appears like the two former, only with this Difference ; that befides the Stench, it throws out a green and yellow Corruption mixed with Blood, as well by the Nofe, as thro' the Wound. Add to this, that little Kernels are found growing to the nether Jaw-Bones, as in Glandery Horfes. They are only Quacks who pretend to cure this Diftemper, which repeated Experience has hitherto proved to be impoflible. The Firfi Remedy for a Beginning Farcy.
The Horfe muft he prepared in the Manner prefcribed, and afterwards well blooded in
the Vein of his Neck, according to his Strength : The next Day give him the following Purge. Take Succotrine Aloes, Venice Treacle, each two Ounces ; mix them in a Bottle of
White-Wine. Keep your Horfe fafting ten or twelve Hours, then adminifter this Medicine, and let him continue as long after without Eating or Drinking. You may purge him thus three or four times in eighteen or twenty Days ; and this alone is fufficient to cure him, if given at the Beginning. An Ointment for all Sorts of Farcys.
Take four Ounces of Flowers of Brim/lone, two Ounces of ^uick-Silver ; rub them together
in a Mortar till the Quich Silver difappears ; after which, mix them with the following Pow- ders ; Verdigreafe, Yellow Arfenick, Euphorbium, Spanifh Flies, Cotton-weed, or Cud-weed, White Copperas, Green Copperas, each one Ounce ; Gall-nuts, half an Ounce : Mix all thefe well together with a Pound and a half of Black Soap, for an Ointment ; add from time to time a little Vinegar. It will keep long in a Pot, and dries up all the Buds of a Farcy. Another Ointment for all Sorts of Farcys.
Take two Ounces of Oil of Bays, and one Ounce of Euphorhium in Powder -, mix them
together, and add a handful of Deers Dung, or Goats Dung, for an Ointment. Shave off the Horfe's Hair, and rub the Pimples or Cords of the Farcy. If once Rubbing
is not fufficient, repeat it the third Day, and fo on for three or four times, A Remedy for all Sorts of Farcys.
Take the Herb Spleen-wort, and Long Pepper, each i Ounce ; both powdered, and mixed with a Bottle of White-Wine. Warm the Wine, and give your Horfe, he having been firfl blooded, three or four Draughts in a Fortnight ; mean Time applying outwardly the fol- lowing Compofttion. Take four Ounces of double Aqua Fortis, one Ounce of ^uick-Silver, one Ounce of Brafi ;
cut
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A General Syfiem of Horfemanjhip. t p
CHAP
cut the Brafs into very fmall Pieces, that it may be confirmed more eafily in the Aqua For- XV.
tis, as well as the ^ukk-Silver ; after which, take an Ounce of Roch Alluni, burnt and pow- '
dered, and put it with the other Things into a glazed Pipkin, and fet it over hot Alhes, or a flow Fire, which you are to continue till the Matter be turned into a Stone, which it will be as foon as the Aqua Fortis is evaporated. Powder it as you have Occafion, and apply it with an eafy Hand, and in fmall Quantities ; becaufe putting too much at a Time may da- mage the Nerves. This is particularly excellent in Cancerous Farcys, and furpaffes almoft every other Cauftic for Proud Flefh, after other Remedies have been found ineffectual. Pre- pare your Horfe with Mafhes of Bran, bleed him, and feed him only with Straw, abridging him even of that the Night before he talies the following Remedy ; which, if he be robuft, you may give all at once ; if not, abate in Proportion. Another Remedy.
Take Mthiops Mineral, made with equal Parts of ^uick-Silver and Brimftone, four-
Ounces ; Succotrine Aloes and Manna, each two Ounces ; make it into Balls of a proper Size, which roll in Liquorice Powder. After every Ball, give him a Glafs of Wine or Ale to warn it down, and keep him feven or eight Hours without eating or drinking. He may then have fome wetted Bran, and muff be kept well covered. The next Day, at the fame Hour, walk him till the Purge begins to operate, and then put him up again. Af- terwards ufethe following Ointment, along thé Farcy-Cords, or upon the Pimples, whether they are broke or not. An Ointment.
Take Oil of A/pick, and Bay Berries, each three Ounces ; Corrojive Sublimate, one Ounce ;
Mthiops Mineral, two Ounces ; Honey, two Ounces ; Arfenkk and Cyprus Vitriol, each one Ounce ; make an Ointment according to Art, and apply it with a Spatula, or fpread upon Tow. An Internal Remedy.
Take two large Handfuls of Plantain, pound it well in a Mortar, and, having fqueezed
out the Juice, put it in a Bottle of Wine. Give this Draught every Morning for fifteen Days, the Horfe being tied up from eating three or four Hours, both before and after taking the Medicine. Bleed him every fifth Day of the Courfe, that is to fay, thrice in the whole. Then make the following Lye, with which waili his Body once in two Days, to prevent the Diftemper breaking out in any other Part. Tlje Lye.
Take thirty or forty Crai? Apples, and pound them ; eight or ten Pounds of Vine-Wood-
Ajhes ', put them together in a large Copper, and boil them till the Water has extracted all the Salt of the Afhes, which will be in about an Hour's Time. Let them fettle in the Cop- per, and take off the clear Lye for Ufe, warming it every time, except it be in Summer. For Want of Vine-Afhes, common Waod-Aihes will make a very good Subftitute, which will dry up ail the Farcy-Buds as faff as they break. Another Ointment.
Take half a Pound of ^utckfiher, and the fame Quantity of Flowers of Brimftone -, mix thefe
well together till the Mercury difappears, and add the following all in Powders ; fix Ounces of Black Hellebore, four Ounces of Spanifi Flies, two Ounces of Cyprus Vitriol, one Ounce ( of Salt Petre; mix the whole with twelve Ounces of Hogs Lard, for an Ointment to be rubbed into the Farcy-Cords or Buds. After having prepared your Horfe with Bran and Bleeding, give the following :
Take AjJafLtida, Salt P rund, each one Ounce and a half ; Gentian Roof-, Olihanum, each
one Ounce ; put thefe Powders well mixed together in a Bottle of warm White-Wine, to be given the Horfe for one Dofe. If the Farcy be frefh, three or four of thefe Draughts will kill it j but if inveterate, after
a few Days Reft, begin again as above, and you may work the Horfe in fair Weather, upon dry Ground. One thing obferve, that when the Farcy begins juft as the Grafs fprouts, and the Sap rifes in Trees, it is harder to kill than in any other Seafon. While you drive it out by internal Remedies, apply outwardly the following Cauftic to the Buds. |
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A Genei al Syjiem of Horfemanjhip.
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20
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CHAP Take Black Hellebore, Spanifh Flies, Euphorbium, and Sublimate, all in very fine Powder,
X V. .„■ ' K one Ounce ; and with one Ounce of Oil of Bays, make the Whole into an Ointment, ~ ' which is to be applied to the Farcy-Buds, fpread thick upon Hemp or Tow, (after having firft fhaved off the Hair,) which will form an Efcar or Slough, that will come off in three or four Days by the Application of any greafy or digeftive Medicine ; after which the Wounds may be dried up with burnt Alum powdered. A Compofition to eat off Proud-Flejh.
Take Green Copperas, one Pound ; Wine Vinegar, a Quart ; frefli Urine, one Pint : Put
thefe three Things into a glazed Pipkin, and evaporate them over a flow Fire, to a hard Con- fidence, which beat to Powder, and ufe as before directed. If the Pimples or Cords have not been opened, ftrew it lightly upon the Buds or Proud-Flefli, or mix it with Turpentine, or any other Ointment. This Powder is not only good for the Farcy, but for all Ulcers where there is Proud-Flefh, as alfo for all Excrefcences whatfoever, that grow on the Legs or Fetlocks, or within-fide the Foot, near the Frog ; as alfo for Warts, Rat-Tails, &c. It is the more valuable, as it never caufes any Inflammation. I could give many more Remedies for this Diftemper, but thefe are the beft of all I have ever tried : For tho' an empirical Medi- cine may now and then fucceed, where a Bleeding or two only would have done the Affair ; yet on the whole, I have always had Recourfe to, and had Succefs only, from fuch whofe Properties have been to purify the Blood. N. B. The Publijher haspurpofely omitted tranjlating certain Methods of Cure in this Diftemper;
propofed in the Original, fuch as putting Medicines into the Horfe s Ears, &c. being informed there is not the leaft Probability of Succefs to be hoped for, from fuch Means ; (Anatomy, neither human nor comparative, having as yet difcovered any Paffage whatfoever from the External Ear to the Blood-Vejfels) and' confequently all fuch Proceedings, hitherto ufed, can only have been the Effect of Ignora?ice. CHAP. XVI.
Of the Mange, Itch, or Scab.
THE two chief Caufes of the Mange in Horfes, are, i. A corrupted Blood, occasioned
by Want oï Nourifhment, the Fatigue of a Journey, or Serving in the Army ; or, 2. The being in Company with mangy Horfes. It appears like the Itch in Men, by Pimples as big as fmall Peafe, which break fucceflively, and are fucceeded by others as they dry away. The Horfe that has it, rubs himfelf againft the Manger, the Bars, the Pillars, or whatever ftands in his Way ; and it is hard to make the Hair come again when once off. You muft begin the Cure by giving him fcalded Bran inftead of Oats, and then bleed, purge, and ad- minifter the following Remedies. Tie half a Pound of Flowers of Sulphur up clofe in a Linnen-Cloth, and put it into three
Quarts of Nut-Oil, or, for Want of that, Oil of Olives. Let it juft boil up in an earthern pot fetting it on Charcoal, that no Flame may come at the Oil. Having taken it from the Fire, rub all the mangy Parts with your Bag of Sulphur, as hot as the Horfe can bear it. Do this three times, or at leaft twice a Day, for a Week or better : And to forward the Cure, mix Liquorice Powder and Sulphur, of each a Pound, and give the Horfe two Ounces at a Time, Morning and Evening, in his fcalded Bran. Another Remedy for the Mange.
After having kept your Horfe on Bran, blooded him, and given him two or three Purges;
Take Oil of Bays, four Ounces ; ^uickfilver, two Ounces : Rub them together in a Stone- Mortar, till the $uickfilver difappear. Anoint all the fcabby Parts. If it be warm Weather, dry in the Ointment in the Sun : But in Winter rub it on in the Stable, and never be too free with a hot Iron, like fome ignorant Farriers, becaufe it deftroys the Roots of the Hair. Five or fix Rubbings, once a Day, will effecT: a Cure. |
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Another
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A General SyjleM of Horjemanjhip. $%
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CHAP*
Another Remedy for the Mange. XVÌL
Take Brafil Tobacco ftripped, Roch Alum, White and Green Copperas, an equal Quantity
of each; and to every half Pound^of each a Quartern of Gall-Nuts, and a Quartern of Cannon Powder. Infufe the whole in Vinegar and Aqua-Vitce, of each two Quarts, for the Space of twenty-four Hours, without fuffering it to boil all the Time, Then with the foaked Tobacco-Leaves, or a Piece of Spunge, apply it every Day to the itchy Parts : But the firft two or three Days rub the Scabs well, before Application, with a Wifp of Straw, that the Liquor may penetrate the better. Another Receipt.
Tike Oil of Hemp-Seed, one Pound; Spanijh-Flies, and Euphorbium, each two Ounces. Let
them juft boil up together, and when cold, rub the Scabs with the Liquor three or four Days running, having fretted them firft with Cow or Horfe-Pifs ; in every two Quarts of which a Quartern of White-Copperas, or for want of that Green, has been diflblved. In all thefe Cafes a Bran Diet, Bleeding, and Purging are prefuppofed.
Another Remedy for the Mange.
Take the Herb called Lyons-Foot dried and powdered, and put two good Handfuls of it
into two Quarts of Oil of Hemp-Seed, where let it infufe over hot Ames ten or twelve Hours, and then warn the Scabs with it. Another WafJj.
Take two Quarts of Vinegar, White-Coper as, Roch-Alum, each four Ounces ; the Herb
call'd Ravens-Foot, one Handful (which may be omitted]. Boil all together to the Confump- tion of one Half. An Ointment.
Take Hogs Lard, two Pounds ; ^uickfther, four Ounces. Rub them well together, and
add to it, Euphorbium, two Ounces ; Verdigreafe, one Ounce ; Spanijh-Flies, half an Ounce, Mix and make an Ointment. A Purge.
Take Succotrine Aloes powdered, and Manna, each two Ounces ; powdered Sugar, four
Ounces ; Rhubarb, half an Ounce ; frefh-Butter, half a Pound : Make it into middle-fized Balls, rolled in Liquorice Powder. Let the Horfe fwallow after them three or four new- laid Eggs, in half a Bottle of White-Wine. He mould faft eight or ten Hours before and after taking this : And if it does not begin to work in twenty-four Hours, walk him about till it does. CHAP. XVIL
Of the Old-Reds.
THIS 'is a Sort of Mange, that feldom comes but on large Stone-Horfes, who gö to
Cart and Plough, are full of Humours, thick-chefted, have large Folds a-crofs the Mane, efpecially near the Withers, and fomerimes in the upper Part of the Tail. Some take it for the true Mange, becaufe it is equally infectious. From the Wrinkles or Folds in the Cheft there iffues between whiles a red Humour, and fometimes a white Matter. They both ftink, and make the Hair fall. In order to a Cure, you muft fhave the Part as clofe as pof- fible, and rub it well with a Wifp of Straw, as if you would fetch out the Blood : Nor is there any Damage, if it bleeds in earneft. Then take Black-Soap, and rub it all over like an Ointment. In the Summer-time do it in the Sun, to make it penetrate the better ; but ob- ferve to tie your Horfe up fliort : In the Winter rub him in the Stable, and dry it in with a hot Iron-Shovel, which you may gradually bring near, to make it equal the Heat of the Sun. Be careful not to fcorch the Roots of the Hair ; and this Application, repeated once a Day for a Week or ten Days, will effecl: a Cure after the ufual Preparations. |
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A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip.
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XTUV CHAP. XVIII.
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: EX.
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letters, or Ring-worms.
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OME confound this Difeafe with the Mange, or the Old-Reds, from both which how-
ever it differs. There is the Live-Tetter, and the White-Tetter ; and they both appear on the Head, on the Cheft, and fometimes on the Body, as well as on the Shoulders. Their Caufe is a fine fubtile Blood, which infinuates between the Fleili and the Skin, and makes the Hair fall the breadth of a Crown-Piece, or fometimes of the Palm of one's Hand. Now and then the Head, and even a Part of the Cheft, is left naked. A Horfe in this Diforder fhould be a long time refrefhed with Bran and Honey • or with good Barley juft cracked in a Mill, but not reduced to Meal, which is better than Bran. Put either in the Bran or Barley, Morning and Evening, an Ounce of Liver of Antimony for a Dofe ; and continue this a Month or fix Weeks. All this while rub the bald Places every Day with Black-Soap, without expofing him to the Sun, or ufing the hot Shovel ; and three or four times, during the whole Space, open his Jugular Vein. If this Remedy is not effectual, ufe one of thofe prefcribed for the Mange. How to make the Hair come again, when fallen off by Tetters, Wounds., or Scabs.
Take Ointment of Poplar-Buds, and Honey, of each an equal Quantity ; mix them, and
rub the Parts once a Day for a Fortnight. If it be Summer, and the Flies are plenty, put in a little Powder of Bitter-Apple, or for Want of that of Succotrine-Aloes, which will keep the Flies from touching it. For the fame Purpofe.
Take the Roots of long flat Flags that grow in Rivers, and boil them to a Pap ; then
mix with it Honey and Hogs-Lard, of each an equal Quantity with the Pap, and make an Ointment, which rub in feveral times every Day. This will make the Hair come alrnoft in any Place where Hair is ufed to grow. CHAP. XIX.
Of the Foundering of Horfes.
'HIS is a common and well known Diftemper, which happens moft frequently in the
Army, and proceeds from many different Caufes. A Horfe may founder by drinking cold Water, or by ftanding ftill when he is hot ; whereas he ought to be cooled gradually, by trotting and walking till he comes into Temper. The fame may happen by putting a Horfe hot into the Stable while others drink : To avoid which give him a Quart or two of Water in which the Hands have been dipped ; or Water a little warm, or with a little Bran ; or give him a Lock or two of wet Hay. It is equally dangerous to flop a Horfe when warm upon the Road, or in any open Place expofed to the Wind, if it be only the Value of Half an Hour. A Horfe may founder alfo by getting to the Oat-crib, and eating too great a Quantity ; or
by eating too much Beans, Wheat, Rye, or Barley. To prevent this, efpecially in the Army, where the Want of Oats is often fupplied by other Grain, you fhould foak your Morning-Corn all the Night, and your Evening-Corn all the Day. Green Forage, that is apt to heat, may alfo occafion this Malady ; an Accident that hap-
pens often in the Army, efpecially when Rye is in Bloffom : But Founderings of this Sort are eafy to cure, provided one has recourfe to Means as foon as they are perceived. The Foundering that fmells is the moft dangerous ; becaufe it comes by Degrees, and may
be long before it is difcovered. l When a Horfe that has been long in the Stable limps on one of his hind Legs, and can neither ftand upon it nor lie down, he may be concluded in this Diftemper ; which is occafioned by the Contraction of the Nerves, and a difficult Cir- culation of the Blood. Fat heavy Horfes are hard to cure, and fcarce fix in a hundred, whatever Care is taken in looking after them, but feel the Effects of this Diftemper as long as they live. To prevent this Sort of Foundering, when a Horfe is lame, it is not fufficient to remedy
the immediate Caufe of his Lamenefs : You muft labour to remove whatever may affect the
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A General Syjlem of Hofjemanfhip. 23
the other Legs and Feet, fortifying them from time to time, by rubbing the Nerves with Oil CHAP.
of Turpentine and Brandy, beat together in equal Quantities; or by bathing all the Legs well, JÏÏLj from Top to Bottom, with Lees of Wine, and uring afterwards Cow-dung fried with Hog's ^ Lard and Vinegar. If a Horfe continues long lame, and his other Legs' fwell, have him well fliod, and his Feet pared, continuing to put the Cow-duno- into his hind Feet, and to rub his Legs and Nerves from time to time with Oil of Turpentine and Brandy or Lees of Wine, which are the only Remedies in this Diforder. A foundered Horfe is eafily known, by his drawing back from the Rack or Manger, bear-
ing upon the Reins of his Halter, walking with difficulty, and bending his fore-Knees with Pain. When you make him go backwards, he drags his Feet, and fcarce can lift them from the Ground ; his hind Feet move with Violence, and fall down as foon as they are up. I have before faid that^this Difeafe proceeds only from a Childnefs in the Blood, which hin-
ders the Circulation thro' the Liver and Lights: To which I may add, that the Nerves ftiffen, and have fcarce any Motion ; that the Horfe eats little, and prefently falls back from his Manger ; and that when the Diftemper is of long ftanding, he almoft alwavs lies. To know it certainly, obferve if the Hair frizzles, and curls as it were on the fide of the Knees the Fetlock, the Hams, and near the Flat of the Thigh. A Man muft have a great deal of Skill, to cure a Horfe perfedly in this Condition. If it be a Draught-Horfe, which may frill ferve for the Plough, take the two Shoes off his two fore-Feet, and pare his Hoofs al- moft to the Quick, taking care however not to draw Blood. Then fhoe him as before trot him till he begins to fweat, and if you are near any Water, open his Neck-Vein' and ride him in up to his Knees, catching the Blood, to the Quantity of two Quarts, in a Pot. After he has bled enough, put a Handful of Salt into the Pot, and ftir it "well with your Hand, that it may not curdle ; then give the Horfe to drink with a Horn, as foon as poffible. Take afterwards a Quart or three Pints of Oil of Turpentine, and as much Brandy ; beat them together, and rub with this Mixture down the four Legs, upon the Nerves, and acrofs the Loins, all with the utmoft Expedition ; the Horfe being tied (hort with four Reins, two to the Manger, and two to the Rack, to prevent his hurting himfelf. The more he ftruggles, the more Hope is there of a Cure ; and his Uneafinefs will not laft above half an Hour. In Cafe he be unruly before you have done rubbing his Legs and Reins, pinch his Hofe till you have finifhed, and then leave him at liberty to do as he pleafes. Let fome body ftand behind him with a Whip, to prevent his doing himfelf any Mifchief. When he has done ftruggling, rub round the Crown of his Hoofs with good Oil of Bays* and fill with it the two Fore-Feet that have been pared, keeping it in with Tow and Splin- ters. The next Day, at the fame Hour, be fure to give him a good purging Glifter, as directed
in the Chapter of Medicines. If you fee no Amendment, repeat the fame Remedies with- out Bleeding, giving him, in the Room of Blood and Salt, two Ounces of good Venice treacle, an Ounce of Monk's Rhubarb called Rapanti, and half an Ounce of Salt Prunel all mixed in a large Bottle of Wine; with this rub his Legs, and acrofs his Reins, adding*the Oil of Bays as before. Glifters mould be repeated Morning and Evening ; and every other Day give the Draught
above. If he be not thus well in nine or ten Days, conclude him incurable. Another Remedy for Foundering.
WThen a Horfe is foundered, ride him to a River or Pond, or any other Water ; but a Ri-
ver is beft, and ftill the better if it has a Mill on it. Lead him into the Mill-pool above his Thighs, and let him ftand there an Hour, with his Head againft the Stream. ^hen wa|k him till he fweats, and rub his Legs and Reins well with a Wifp of Straw ; b]eed hlm freely on both Sides his Neck, and rub the Nerves of his Legs well with the Blood m f ^ with Bran- dy. Afterwards put him in the Stable, and rub round his Hoofs with °l[ oi Bays, which bind on with Tow and Splinters. For want of Oil of Bays, ufe Hogs Dung, fried m Hog s Greafe, Vinegar, and a handful of Salt. This will keep the Foundering out of the Hoofs. You muft keep him to Bran and Water for the fifteen follo^g Days ; and the next Day after Bleeding adminifter this Draught. ., , .r , , n , Take four large Heads of Garlick picked, and pounded with a handful of ^ Salt : Dilute
this in a Bottle of White-Wine, Repeat the Draught three or tour Days running. r If
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-TT"" ~ ' A General Syftem of Horjemanfhip.
ci?AT "Tf the Horfe be bound, as is ufually in thefe Diftempers, and his Dung looks as if it were
Ski burnt, be fure not to negleft your Glifters. Another Way of treating a Foundered Horfe.
If you perceive in the Morning that your Horfe is foundered, walk him in the Day ; if
in the Evening, walk him the fame Night ; becaufe in this Diftemper, no Time fhould be loft, unlefs you would run the hazard of never making a perfeft Cure. If it be in the Spring; when you can have the Leaves or Tops of the wild Vine, make him eat as many of them às you can ; and if you can keep him upon this and fcalded Bran for fome Days, it will do great Service. You muft give him Bran Water during the whole Courfe, and often put Reftringents into his Fore-Feet. Thefe Reftringents may be compofed of White-Wine Vinegar, the Whites of Eggs, Dra-
gon's Blood and Salt, powdering all that requires it. When the Nerves feem too ftiff, you may fupple them with the following. Take raw Eggs, and beat them as if you would make à Bifcuit : Then take Oil of Turpentine, Cows Dung, Wine-Vinegar, in proportion, and mix all together. Rub the Legs with this, along the Nerves, every fix Hours. It is not furprifing that many foundered Horfes are the worfe for it all their Lives, fome
more, fome lefs, according to the Strength of the Diftemper, becaufe moft People content themfelves with internal Remedies, without regarding the Feet and Legs. |
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CHAP. XX.
Of Melted-Greafe.
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T
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HIS Diftemper often accompanies Foundering, and few Horfes that have them both
are ever cured. |
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Melted Greafe is, when there is, or at leaft feems to be, Pieces of Fat intermixed with
the Dung of a Horfe. Some ignorantly believe that this Fat comes from off the Kidneys : But how fhould the Fat of the Kidneys get into the Bowels ? I will not difpute but that all the internal Fat may be over-heated : But what is voided with the Dung comes off of the Guts, and is only a Sort of greafy Filth that fticks to their Infide, and is loofened by the Heat. This is proved from what may be feen. in cleanflng the Bowels of any Animal at all. If the Difcharo-e of this Matter cannot be flopped, it is all over with your Horfe ; for the Nutriment he takes cannot Hide thro' the Bowels, which are no longer capable to receive it ; fo that the Horfe lofes his Appetite, and frequently dies. You muft give him nothing that may heat, by the way either of Diet, Draught, or Glifter ; and inftead of Wine, which is common in Horfe-Phyfkk, ufe only Whey ; or, if that cannot be got, Water, in which Lettuce, Beet, Purflain, Succory, or other Herbs of the fame Quality have been boiled ; or, for want of the Herbs, Water foftened with Bran or Meal. Let the Draughts otherwife be much the fame as for Foundering, adding only a Quartern or Half a Pound of Honey. Refrefhing Glifters fhould be often repeated. Tho' this Diftemper is feldom cura- ble when joined with Foundering, much lefs with the Stag-Evil -} yet when alone there is room for Hopes. Another Way to know when a Horfes Greafe is melted*
A Horfe whofe Greafe is melted lofes his Appetite at once, appears very forrowful, and
often is feized with a Fever. To be certain look at his Dung, and if you find it flimy, or wrapped in a Sort of Membrane, or melted Fat, it is a Proof that the Kidney-Suet is heated, and that the Greafe within the Bowels comes away with the Dung. A Horfe in this Condi- tion muft be foon relieved, or not at all. Such a Horfe, from the very firft, defires always to lie and be at Reft, which is what de-
ftroys him. You muft walk him gently therefore from time to time, either in the Stable in Winter, or in the Sun in Summer, in order to prepare him for taking the Remedies already and hereafter mentioned. For a Horfe whofe Greafe is melted.
Take a Pound or two of thofe Baibed Rufhes with a thick Leaf, that almoft refemble a
fmall Artichoke, and grow ufually upon old Houfes : Bruife them in a Mortar, fqueeze out the Juice, and take a Quart of Whey, or a Pint" of Milk : Mix the Whole together ; warm
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" ■ . ■-. ' .■ . ■
^ General Syfiem of Hotjemanjhip. 25
warm it, and add half an Ounce of Salt Prunel. Repeat this Draught twice a Jbay, and if C H A P;
in three or four Days it is not effe&ual, give the following. XXI. Take Virgin Honey, and Sweet Oil, each four Ounces ; Venice Turpentine, two Owzces :
Mix the Whole well in a Bottle of warm White-Wine, and give the Horfe. Avoid Bleed- ing in this Difeafe, becaufe that would chill all the melted Greafe within him. For want of the above Drugs take three Pints of Beef or Pork Brine (the former is beft) and a Pint of the Juice of Rue. Incorporate the whole together, and boil it a Quarter of an Hour. Give it luke-warm ; and if the Diftemper be taken in time, you may hope for a Cufe from it. When neither the Drugs nor the Brine can be got, take all the Blood of a Sheep that is killed (if poffible let it be a Ram) with a Handful of Salt, which you muft firfl diffolve in warm Water, and give the Whole for a Draught. Another Remedy f or a Horfe who/e Greafe is melted.
Take Venice Treacle, and Manna, each two Ounces ; Senna Leaves, and Salt Prunel, each
four Drams ; Gentian Root, one Ounce. Cut the Root into thin Slips, and infufe the Whole in a Bottle of White-Wine, for twenty-four Hours. Strain it thro' a coarfe Cloth, and give it the Horfe. This is good for all Sorts of Diftempers. CHAP. XXI.
The Stag-Evil
THIS Diftemper is fo called, becaufe Horfès afflicted with it are like Stags that have
been long hunted, and while they are heated have pafTed fòme River, which brings a StifTnefs in their Neck, Body, and Legs. Such a Horfe opens his Mouth with Pain, his Jaws being fo locked together that he cannot receive any NouriChment, and you may foonep break them than force them afunder. The fole Caufe therefore of this Difeafe is being over- worked, and then fuffered to ftand ftill without a gradual Cooling. When it comes alone however, without melted Greafe or Foundering, there is Hope of a Cure by treating it in the following Manner.
Firft, make a Sort of Wooden Wedge ; then take Oils of Spike and Turpentine ill equal
Quantities, adding a double Quantity of Oil of Bays \ put thefe in an earthern Pot, and dif- folve them over a gentle Fire ; ftir the Compofition till it is cold, and then rub with it both Sides of the Jaws, efpecially at the Joints, a little roughly, that it may the better pene- trate. Then put your Wooden Wedge into the Horfe's Mouth, and ftrike gently upon it, for fear of breaking the Jaws ; and if he opens them ever fo little, that is fufhcient. As a Horfe in this Diftemper dies ojftener with Hunger than with Thirft, becaufe he cannot chew^ in order to oblige him to take fome Nourishment, fet before him Water thickned with Bran or Meal, fome of which he will fwallow even in fucking. But if his Teeth continue fliut, he muft certainly die. In this Diftemper give Glyfters two or three Times a Day : But when you have brought
your Horfe to open his Mouth a fufficient Width, good Nourifhment fhould be preferred to Phyfick. Panada, given with a Horn, is very proper in this Cafe. You may make it with half a Dozen ftale Bifcuits, or an equal Quantity of dry Bread, powdered, and boiled up in the manner of Childrens Pap. put to it half an Ounce of Cinnamon, half an Ounce of Nutmeg, two Ounces of LiqUOrice Powder, or powder'd Sugar, and mix the whole to- gether. This will ftrengthen the Horfe much. When he is very low, you may put five or fix Yolks of Eggs into the Panada every Night and Morning, till he comes to eat ; rubbing him every Day a-crofs the Reins, and down the Legs, with Brandy and Oil of Turpentine in equal Quantities, according to the Directions for a foundered Horfe. A Medicine for the Stag-Evil.
T&e Venice Tracie, and Cordial Powder, of each one Ounce ; Manna and Sugar, of each
two Ounces ; mix them together in a Bottle of Wine, and let the Horfe take two of thefe Draughts every Day, giving a Glyfter between them. Whatever you grve him by the Mouth; take care not to raife his Head too much, but rather fink it from time to time : For raifmg the Head will ftupify, and may poflibly make him fall, in which Cafe it would be difficult to get him up again. Nor muft you force him to rife, but rather furround him with Dungy m order to keep him warm. Ufe the fame Means to open his Mouth when he is down, as G when
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^5 A General Syjlem of Horjemanjhip.
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CHAP, when he is ftanding, with as little Violence as pofllble. Some Horfes have continued a,
XXII. Fortnight in this Condition, and yet have done well.
XXIII. ö CHAP. XXII.
The Fives.
THIS Diftemper is mod frequent in high mountainous Countries, efpecially to Horfes
that are not ufed to the Crudities produced in the Stomach by the Spring and Foun- tain Waters that rife in hilly Grounds. Standing-Waters, or thofe that have very little Current, are the leali: dangerous, and feldom caufe the Vives : But very deep Wells are bad.
To prevent this Malady, when one is obliged to refìde in, or to pafs thro' fuch a Coun-
try, where no other Water can be got, it is proper to take away the Rawnefs of the Water with Bran or Meal, or to heat a Part of it, or to ftir the Whole a good while with the Hands. When there is no Opportunity to do either of thefe, take care to trot your Horfe immediately after he has drunk, in order to warm the Water within him. Without fuch Precautions your Horfe will be always in Danger. Remedies for the Vives.
In the firft Place cover your Horfe, and lliut him up clofe in the Stable, that as little Air
as pofllble may come to him. If there be any Sheep-fold at Hand, that is ftill better to fhut him up in, bringing all the Dung together with a Fork, and heaping it about him like a Wall. Let him continue two Hours thus inclofed, and then give him the following Drink. Take Honey, one Pound ; White-Wine, two Quarts ; Juniper Berries, one Handful ; one
Nutmeg, and thrice its Weight of Cinamon. Powder the Berries and Spices, and mix them with the White-Wine and the Honey. Another Remedy.
When a Horfe is attacked with the Vives, look in his Ears, and you will find a thick Li-
ning, or Sort of Tumour, about as big as that in the Neck, between the Joint and the ne- ther-Jaw, under the Ear. Open this with a Lancet or Inciflon-Knife, and it will difcharge a kind o{ Corrupted Blood, which will be mixed with Matter, if the Difeafe has been of long
Continuance. Perform this Operation in both Ears, and the Horfe will find Relief in an
Flour or two after. As this Difeafe is almoft always accompanied with the Gripes, which proceeds from the
fame Caufe, I fhall in the next Place treat of that Diftemper. CHAP. XXIII.
Of the Gripes or Cholich
THIS Difeafe refembles that of the fame Name in human Bodies, and has much the
fame Caufe : But I fhall introduce it with faying a little more concerning the Vives. If you are in a Place where Remedies may be had, walk your Horfe till he is a very little
warmed, and then beat his Glands gently with the Handle of a Hammer, or any other Piece of Wood, without opening them. After that, open the Jugular Vein. Then take four Ounces of Conferve of Elder, and diffolve it in a Bottle of Wine, with two powder'd Nutmegs and a Quartern of Sugar. When your Horfe has drank this, wrap him up clofe, and leave him to fweat. Two Ounces of the Seeds of Garden-Creffes, in cafe the Elder- Conferve cannot be got, may be infufed a Quarter of an Hour in a Bottle of Wine, and given for the fame Purpofe as hot as pofllble. For want of both, take four Ounces of Ve- nice Treacle, with a fmall Handful of Salt, and diflblve them in Wine to give as the others. When the Vives are accompanied with the Gripes, the fame Remedy will operate, if you
add to the Draught an Ounce of Salt Prunel. If it be ftill ineffeaual, add four Ounces of Nut-Oil, or Oil of Olives, and half an Ounce of Oil of Petre. If the Horfe continues in Pain, it is a Proof that the Paflage Gf his Bladder is flopped, or that his Urine is detained in the Reins. In the former Cafe, take a Piece of Whalebone as long as your Arm, and reduce it to the Size of a Wheat Straw. Make it very round and fmooth, with a little Knob at the End,
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_ ,-,„-■ ■,,„... !.. i ■ ----------------"--------j--------
A General Syjiem of Horjemanfhip. 27
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End, to which faften a Bit of,fine Muflin. Dip this in fweet Oil, and having dextrouily CHAP*
drawn the Horfe's Yard out of the Sheath, thruft it up the Paffage to the Bladder. If this cLv™^ does not bring out any Water, it proves the Diforder to be in the Reins ; but if a little comes, it mows the Bladder to be full. Let a Man then rub his Hand and Arm up to the Elbow with Oil or Butter, and thruft it up the Horfe's Fundament, in order to pull all the Dung out of the crreat Gut, taking care not to fcratch him with his Nails. The Gut being empty» he may carry his Hand to the Bladder, which, if he finds it fwelled, he muil gently prefs, and fo oblige the Horfe to pifs. When nothing is thus found in the Bladder, it proves the Water to be ftili in the Kidneys. If the Draught with Oil of Petre gives the Horfe no Relief, but he continues in great
Pain, lying down and riling every inftant, take a large Quantity of Blood from his Neck- Vein, and then give him the following Remedies, viz. a Bottle of Emetic Wine, in which put a Quartern of Nut-Oil, and an Ounce of Oil of Amber. For want of the Oil of Am- ber, take four or five hundred Wood-Lice dried and powdered, and ufe them in its room. Give this for a Draught. It would be alfo proper to adminifter a Glyfter twice or three Times in one Day, in which there mould be an Ounce of Amber, and as much Oil of Pe- tre. If you cannot get thefe, ufe two Ounces of Salt Prunel, or a large Handful of com- mon Salt : And if this Remedy does not cure your Horfe, depend upon it no other will. Another Remedy for the Gripes.
Take a Handful of Rue-Seed, pound it in a Mortar, and mix it in a Pint of warm White--.
Wine which give for a Draught. Immediately after walk your Horfe an Hour, or an Hour and an half, without fuffering him to lie down, which in this Difeafe he will continually en- deavour to do : For which Reafon you muft give him no Repofe till his Pain ceafes. |
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Anoth
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When a Horfe cannot urine, take Black Rofin, two Ounces, in Powder; mix it with two
Yolks of Eggs, and add by Degrees a Pint of Ale, and give it the Horfe warm. You may walk him an Hour or two after taking it. Another Way to mah a Horfe pifs.
Take Parfey Root, or the Heart of a Leek, of the greateft Length you can get, and en-
deavour to thruft it into the Orifice of tlie Yard. This alone is fufficient in a fimple Retention. For the Gripes.
Take Green Anife two Ounces, Oil of Olives a Pint, White-Wine a Bottle ; bruife the
Anife, mix with it the Oil and Wine, and give the Whole to drink warm. Walk him two or three Hours after, and let him not drink for twelve Hours, then give him warm Water, with Bran or Meal. Another Remedy.
Take ten or twelve Radijhes, in proportion to their Size, with the Greens on ; boil thetn
in three Pints of White-Wine to half the Quantity , ftrain the Liquor thro' a une Cloth, an give it warm to the Horfe. When he has taken it, thruft a flender Piece of Mallows-Root up his Yard as far as you can, which may be near half a Foot. A Piece of yellow >v Candle, well greafed, may fetve when the Mallows cannot be had. To provoke Urine.
Take two or three large Heads of Garlick; cut them and bruife ^^^ ^ ^heVefti-
Oil of Olives, till they come to the Confiftence of an Ointment, w^ H^ ^ ^ Number cles and the naked Yard of the Horfe, repeating it every Quarter ot^ ^^ ^ of five or fix Times. If the ^^^f^^^^^^ moil frequently to Cho- There is another Difeafe called the Bloody Gripes, which hapP drinkingq their Water too
lerickHorfes, either for want of drinking at the ufoal ^^ ^ fome ?(ÀRt& k TQ[emhH cold, or thro'too violent Labour, 01-their ownuR^^in a diflferent manner, the Vertigo, or Spanifh Evil, it muft however be treaic A Glyfter |
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2g Jl Gennai Sjjìem of Horjemanjhip.
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XXIV. ^ Glyfier for the Gripes of every kind.
You muft gwe no Reft to a Horfe that is attacked with the Gripes, but keep him moving
till he takes the following Remedy. Boil good Wheat Bran thoroughly in a fufficient Quan- tity of Water, which ftrain afterwards thro' a Linnen Cloth, and put to it a Quartern of Oil of Olives, a Quartern of Honey, two Ounces of ftrong Catholicon, Salt Prunel and Rock Oil, of each one Ounce. Admifter this by way of Glyfter as hot as the Horfe can bear it without hurt, and if the Pain continues four Hours after, make him take the following. A Drink.
Take Venice Treacle one Ounce and an half ; Salt Prunel, Oil of Petre, each one Ounce ;
Oil of Turpentine, half an Ounce ; Sweet Oil, two Ounces. Mix them all well in a Pint of warm Wine. If this does not effecT: a Cure, repeat your
Glyfters two or three Times a Day till you perceive your Horfe better ; and towards the End of the Fit ufe Glyfters compofed only of Bran-water, Honey, Oil and common Salt. I proceed now to another Diftemper, which, tho' often from the fame Caufe, is worfe
than the Gripes. It is called the Vertigo, or Spanifh Evil, becaufe the Spanifh Horfes are more fubject to it than thofe of other Countries ; which however are not exempt from it, efpecially the Englifh Horfes. CHAP. XXIV.
Of the Vertigo, or Spanifh Evil.
THIS Diftemper proceeds from different Caufes : Sometimes from the intenfe Heat of
the Sun, when a Horfe ftands at Piquet in the Army, or elfewhere, with his Face to the South : Sometimes from the Indifcretion of a Rider, who fatigues the Creature too much in giving him his Leffon, either at Piroets with the Head to the Pillar, keeping him at them too long, and with too much Eagernefs, or at the natural or reverfed Piroets. When this Diftemper feizes a Horfe, he kicks and flings, runs his Head againft a Wall, or any Thing elfe that he meets, and now and then falls as if he was drunk. Some will even jump down a Precipice, or thruft their Fronts againft any Thing with (o much Force, as to drop down dead. YOU muft keep them OUt of the way therefore of every Thing they can lean againft,
and tie them between two Pillars with a double-rein'd Halter, to prevent their doing them- themfelves any Mifchief ; which they certainly would if left at the Rack or Manger. When you perceive a Horfe attacked with this Diftemper, make immediately a Hair
Rowel under his Fore-top, and keep it Running with Bafilicum or any digeftive Medicine for ten or twelve Days. N. B. It Jhould be made with a red-hot Iron, in order to draw more Humours to the Part
from the Brain \ and the Rowel Jhould be Jiirred every Day, and anointed afrefh, for the fame Reafon. As foon as this flrft Operation is over, the very fame Day, give him fome refrelhing Gly-
fters, and adminifter Cordials with Wine, Day after Day, as directed in the preceding Arti- cle. Care muft be taken, during the whole Cure, to put the Horfe in a dark Stable, where nothing may difturb him. His Glyfters, for the three or four flrft Days, muft be two or three in twenty-four Hours. When the Wounds in his Head are cured, walk him about very leifurely, and be fure not to turn him fhort. Horfes that have been feized with this Diftemper will never be fit for the Manage, unlefs perhaps you have thé Prudence to work them in Promenades, or the War-Manage, which is done in fuch extenftve Lengths, that you may even put them on the Gallop. Volts or Piroets are very apt to make him relapfe into his Vertigo. Another Method of Cure.
If a Horfe has been long vertiginous, and grows very defperate, make a Rowel as before un-
der his Foretop, and four other Holes at the upper Part of his Mane, near his Ears, leaving only room to move his Halter. Let the Rowel run at leaft two Inches under his Foretop, and your four other Holes be at leaft two Inches diftant. You muft perform this Operation while the Fit is upon him, and put Pieces of Cord, dipped in Bafilicum, into the Holes from
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A General Syfieni of Horfemanjhip.
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from one to the other, keeping them running, and afterwards healing them as the Rowel CHAP-
under the Foretop. Give plenty of Glyfters and good Cordials during the Courfe of the XXV' Malady. The Italians call this Diftemper Vermiforme, becaufe they imagine it to be a Worm be-
tween the Flefli and the Skin. Others make this Worm run along the fpirial Marrow, and drop his Venom upon the Hole of the Brain, which kills the Horfe, unlefs he be relieved in time, by catching and burning the Worm. You muft take, fay they, a large Handful of a fat Ram's Wool, and rub the Horfe with it, from his Tail along his Reins, quite up to his Mane and Head. You muft likevvife twift all his Mane, proceeding from the Withers to the Ears, with the fame Sort of Wool. They pretend there is an Antipathy between this Wool and the Worm, which facilitates the taking of the latter, who feats himfelf under the Foretop, where you deftroy him with a red-hot Iron. But thefe are all fo many Fables: That which they call a Worm is only a Humour, which indeed flies about from Place to Place, as the Gout does in Men. I do not deny that the Ram's Wool may change the Si- tuation of the Pain : < But Experience has taught me, that by rubbing the Horfe well in the fame Parts againft the Hair, with a Wifp of Straw or Hay, without any Wool, the fame Effects may be produced. The whole Cure therefore depends on the hot Iron, ufed as above directed. CHAP. XXV.
A Remedy for Numbnefs of the Senfes, which refembles a Vertigo.
1AKE a fmall Stick, or a Bull's Pizzle, and faften to the End of it a Bit of Linnen Rag
two or three times double : DifTolve Canary-Soap in a little Brandy, and dip the Rag in it : Then thruft it feveral Times up the Nofe, firft in one Noftril, then in the other, as high as you can. Repeat this Application for fome Time three or four Times a Day, and it will give Relief. But you muft not forget, in the mean Time, to give him refreihing Draughts and Glyfters. Another Remedy for the Head-ach.
Take hold of the Glands in the Place where the Vives come, beat them, and open them
with a Fleam or Incifion-Knife, in order to let in the Air. Keep the Horfe from Oats, and give him no Water before Bran has been boiled in it. Then perform the following Operation. Take black Hellebore Roots, and fteep them fome Hours in Wine-Vinegar to foften them :
Open the Skin under the Breaft of the Horfe, juft in the middle between his Fore-Legs, and with a wild Goat's Horn, a Piece of Bone, or even with your Finger, make a Cavity be- tween the Skin and the Flefh, fo as to form a kind of Bag : Put the Hellebore Root into this Cavity, and then few or pin up the Skin, leaving the Root there till it drops out of itfelf. If the Part fwells much within 24 Hours, you may conclude your Horfe will recover ; but otherwife he is in great Danger. You may rub the Swelling once every Day with the follow- ing Ointments, till a Cure is effe&ed. Take Ointment of Marfhmallows, of Poplar Buds> of Rofes, of Bafilicum, Oil of Bays,
common Honey, of each four Ounces ; melt them all together, and ufe them cold. To-' wards the End of the Cure, when the Roots are dropped out, wafh the Wound with the fol- lowing Mixture, beat up well together. Vinegar, Oil of Turpentine, each one Quart ; com- mon Salt, four Ounces. Ufe it with a Piece of Sponge, or a Linnen Rag, in order to keep the Part clean. Often wafti the Mouth of a Horfe in this Diftemper with White-Wine Vinegar and Ho-
ney, in order to reftore his Appetite ; efpecially after he has taken the following Drink. Seeds of Anifeed, Cummin, Fennel, Coriander, Juniper Berries, Liquorice Powder, of'each
one Ounce: Reduce the Whole into a fine Powder, of which give two Ounces at a Time three Mornings running, having infufed it fome Hours in a Bottle of Wine upon hot Afhes. Let the Horfe faft four Hours before, and as long after taking this Remedy. You may put in every Draught a Quartern of frefh Butter, and as much Sugar ; and to the firft add art Ounce or an Ounce and an half of Venice Treacle, in proportion to the Strength of the Horfe ; which you may omit in the other two Draughts, upon the leaft Sign of an Amend- £j Another
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Jt General Syftem of Eorfemanjhip.
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____I Another Remedy.
Take Roch Alum, one Ounce ; Fine Loaf Sugar, two Ounces : Diffolve the Whole in a
Bottle of White-Wine for a Draught, which repeat every Day for a cqnfiderable Time. Af- terwards offer Oats to the Horfe, and if he covets to eat them it is a Proof he is better. As this Difeafe is eafily communicated, you muli: keep the lick Horfe by himfelf. Many
ignorant Perfons attribute this contagious Quality to fome Witchcraft in the Stable, whereas it exifts only in the circumfluent Air. Even fome Quacks of Farriers have taken upon them to remove thefe pretended Spells : But thofe who have no Idea of Magick may cure a Horfe by the Medicines here prefcribed. Young Horfes, that are large and fat, efpecially Coach-Horfes, are the moft liable to this
Difternper. Old Horfes however are not exempt from it, if they come near thofe that are infe&ed ; ' and when they are once attacked, they run a much greater Rifque of their Lives than thofe that are young and robuft. CHAP. XXVI.
Of the Fever, or Fiery-Evil.
MANY Perfons who have no Skill in this Difternper, are forced to rely on the Judg-
ment of their Farriers. Some ignorantly diftinguifh between the Fever and the Fiery- which in Tad are all one, and well known to Perfons of Experience. There are diffe- rent'üegrees of Fevers indeed in Horfes, as well, as in Men, fome being more malignant than others. A Horfe in a high Fever will be delirious ; and if let loofe would run into any Danger like a Man in the fame Condition. To know if a Horfe has the Fever, hold the Flat of your Hand elafe behind the Shoulder
on the near Side, over-againft the Heart, and feel if the Palpitation of the Artery be regular, or too violent ; which Common Senfe will teach you to diftinguifh in a Horfe, as well as in a Man If the Pulfe beats vehemently, pull fome Hairs out of the Mane or Tail, which you may'do with Eafe, and look at the Roots of them-: Little white Knobs there, are a Proof of the Violence of the Fever. Clap your Hand alfo upon his Back-Bone, near the Crofs, as if you would pinch him hard, and if the Horfe does not bend in, his Difternper is very dan- • A Horfe that is diffident of his own Strength, and for that Reafon will not lie down'' is alfo in a bad Way. Thefe three Symptoms are for the Information of thofe who
cannot difcover a Fever by the Palpitation of the Heart. But when a Horfe is fenfible of a Pinch on the Back-Bone, there is good Hope of Succefs ; and when he can lie down with- out any Signs of Dread, it is a certain Proof that he is out of Danger, tho' he may not have recovered bis Appetite : For every feverifh Horfe has a weak Stomach ; and his Nourifh- ment ffiouldi>e given him thro' a Horn, in the manner of a Drench, till he comes to his Strength. Glyfters mould be ufed plentifully, to abate the Violence of the Fever. Y<sa may afterwards give him a Draught made of two Ounces of the Jefuits Bark, infu-
fed in a Bottle of Emetic Wine ; but let him faft three or four Hours both before and after taking it. That Time being elapfed, give him a little Hay, or fcalded Bran, or Bread, or Oats and if he ftill refufes to eat, continue to feed him with the Horn. The next Day, if the Fever does not ceafe, repeat the Bark, and make him take it every Morning till you find that Effect Your Horfe will foon recover his Appetite when once his Fever has left him. If three or four Dofes of the Bark are not fufficient, take an Ounce of Roch Alum, melt it in a Pint of Water, mix it with the Bark-Infufion, and give the Whole together. If you mould be in a Country where the Bark is not eafy to be got, take the Tops of
Wormwood and Centaury, of each an Ounce, half an Ounce of Gentian Root,- and an . Ounce of bitter Orange-peel : Powder the Whole, infufe it in a Bottle of Wine, and give it the Horfe for a v Draught, repeating it every Morning while the Fever continues. Todiffi- pate the'Vapours, which in this Difternper may affect, the Head, give him refrefhing Glyfters very frequently ; and to bring him to his Appetite, even when the Fever is gone, you muft from time to time tempt him with Bread, Bran, Oats, Rye, Carrots, or Grafs when it is in Seafon, offering but little at a Time, and of that Thing chiefly which he eats moft freely. During the Courfe of the Malady, take AlTafoedida, Honey, and Cinnamon, ^ tie them up tiffht in a Linnen Rag, and put them four or five Times a Day into the Horfe's Mouth, in order to provoke his Appetite ; and if you perceive it has not that Effed, make him take the hungry
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A Genere Syjiem of Horjemanfhip. 31
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hungry Balls, which may be given in any Difteniper without danger. 1 fhall defcribe them CHAP;
at the End of the Book, in the Chapter of general Remedies. You may alfo give him, from 3ÌUÌ time to time, a Bottle of Emetic Wine, which is very good for reftoring a loft Appetite. It is indeed a violent Vomit to Mankind, but gives no Diflurbance to a Horfe. In Countries where Wine is dear or fcarce, Ale will do as well. The manner of making it is, by infufing an Ounce of Crocus Metallorum in a Pint of Wine or Ale for feveral Days. Oli the contrary, it cleanfes his Stomach, carries down the Phlegm, relieves the Heart, and produces only good Effects. This Preparation, which may be ufed in almoft every Draught and Horfe-Medicine, as well as in Glyfters, is very eafy to make, as will appear by what here follows.
Emetic Wine,
Take two Ounces of Glafs of Antimony, fteep it twenty-four Hours in a Bottle of Wine
or Ale, and then take it out, and give the Liquor to your Horfe. This is all you have to do ; and you may dry your Glafs, and keep it as long as you pleafe, and ufe it a hundred Times over, without lefTening the Virtue, provided you dry it every Time : Nor will a Pound of this preparation, when put in the fame Quantity of Wine, make it any ftronger than two Ounces. As a Bottle of this Wine or Ale is a proper Dofe for a Horfe, fo half a common Gill Glafs is enough for a Man : And if you want to vomit ten People, you need only put in ten Glaffes of Wine as you take the other out, without adding a Grain to the Antimony. A very ftrong Horfe may take three Pints at a Dofe. Remedy for a Fever.
Take Venice Treacle, one Ounce and half : Jefuits Bark, one Ounce : Put the Whole in a
Bottle of Wine, and infufe it about an Hour upon hot Embers, and then give it the Horfe. Continue this Remedy every Morning till the Fever abates, ufmg Glyfters all the Time of the Diftemper.
CHAP, XXVIL
Of the Fapions.
r a ^HIS takes away a Horfe's Stomach, and caufes a Palpitation in his Heart and Flanks;
obliges him to fall back from the Manger, and hang on his Halter. It is cauiêd by exceffive Heat, which occaflons a contagious Fever ; and therefore the Horfe that is taken with it, mould be feparated from all others. Bleed him in the Neck-Vein, and then with all pofììble Expedition refrefh him with, cooling Drinks, fuch as Salt Prunel diflblved in warm Water, or the like ; giving immediately after the following Glyfter. Take Cuffia and Lenitive EleSiuary, each one Ounce and half; common Honey, and Ho-
ney made with the Herb Mercury, or Mel Mercurialis, each four Ounces : Boil the Whole in a Gallon of Bran-Water, and then giye it the Horfe. You mould alfo apply a Cautery of Hellebore Root under the Breaft, between the Skin and the Flefli (as directed for the Head- ach) to draw off the bad Humours from about the Heart. If the Fever continues, bleed him on both fides the Flank. A Horfe attack'd with this Difeafe, and having a Slow Fever, may be readily relieved by good Drinks, nourifhing Panadas, and refrefhing Glyfters often repeat- ed. I begin with the Nourifhing F>ri7ïks and Panadas.
Take Wheat-Flour and make it into a Pafte with warm Water. When it is well kneaded,
cut it into fmall Bits, and boil them about half an Hour in a Sauce-Pan of Water. Give this to the Horfe with a Horn three Times a Day, and feed him in this manner till he has ftrenoth enough to eat his ufual Diet.
Another Panada.
Take common Bread, and have it dried in the Oven till you can eafily reduce it to a Pow-
der ; dilute this Powder with Cow's Milk, warmed upon Embers, and add two Ounces of Sugar. You may give this three times a Day: It is needlefs to fay in what Quantities, be- caufe as the Defign óf it is only to fupport and ftrengthen the Horfe, the Quantity muft be proportioned to thofe Purpofes. It is excellent for all Horfes who cannot eat for want of StrenSth' Amdkim
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t .....
A Gena ai Syjiem of Horfemanjhip.
CV\ AP
XXVIII. ^ Medicine for the abovemejitioned Difeafe.
Take Sugar Candy, four Ounces; Cinnamon, Cloves; Mithridate, Honey of Rofes, each one
Ounce ; Saffron, half an Ounce : Put the Whole in a Bottle of White-Wine, and having warm- ed it, give it to the Horfe for a Draught. Repeat it Day after Day till a Cure is effected. A Nourijhing Glyjier for the fame D for der.
Take a Sheep's Head, and half a Pound of Nut-Oil : Boil the Head in a large Kettle of
Water, till the Flefh comes from the Bones in a perfect Jelly : Make a Glyfter with this and the Oil. If the Reins of the Horfe appear to be over-charged, give him one that is laxative, for which I fhall infert a Form at the End of this Book. Another Remedy.
Take Gentian Root, two Ounces ; Long Birthwort Root, and round ditto, Annifeed, Fen-
nel Seed, Fcenugreek Seed, each one Ounce ; Bay-Berries, and Poppy-Seed, each half an Ounce : Powder the Whole ; boil it in a Bottle of White-Wine over a gentle Fire, and give it for a Draught. Another Medicine f or the fame Pur pof e.
Take about two Handfuls of Sage, pound it well, and then boil it in White-Wine:
Strain the Wine, and put to it the following Seeds, having firft reduced them to a Powder, viz. Fennel Seed) Anifeed, each one Ounce; Coriander Seed, two Ounces : Give it for a Draught. Another.
Take Ginger, and long and round Birthwort, each one Ounce ; Olive or Sweet Oil, four
Ounces ; Bay Berries, Saffron, Myrrh, each half an Ounce : Pound the Whole, mix it in a Bottle of White-Wine, and give it warm. CHAP. XXVIII.
Incontinence of Urine.
SOME Florfes are fubjedr. to flop often to fiale, which is a great Inconvenience, efpe-
cially when the Rider or Driver does not obferve to give them fufficient time, but hur- ries them on in the very Action. As a Horfe difcharges his Water but little at a Time, the Bladder, when full, fwells fo fuddenly and violently, that it may kill him. To remedy this, take two Ounces of Seed of common Burdock, very ripe, and well cleanfed, becaufe other- wife there are little Hairs on it that will ftick to the Knots of the Throat, and make him cough a long while. Some Horfes have been fix Months, others a whole Year, before they have got over this. Pound this Seed very fine, and, with the Flour of Liquorice Powder, infufe an Hour or two on warm Afhes in a Bottle of Wine. Let him take this for three Weeks or a Month together every Morning, till the Diftemper abates. It may be given likewife in Bran or Oats, Morning and Evening, two Ounces each time; Alum PofTet, given in a Horn, is ano- ther very good, and perhaps the beft Remedy for this Difeafe. For a Horfe that piffes Blood.
Boil the Quantity of two common Feeds of Bran in a Gallon of Water, and when it is
well boiled, ftrain it thro' a Linnen Cloth, and then boil in it fifty Figs, to which add an Ounce of Melon Seeds cleanfed, and the fame Quantity of Seeds of Citrul, or great Gourd, pounded well in a Mortar. Give a Quart oï this at a Time, Night and Morning ; and thus it well ferve two Days. But in Summer-time, when the Compofition will not keep, you muft make fre£h every Day, and only half the Quantity here prefcribed. Continue this Draught for fome Time ; and during the whole Courfe of the Difeafe, let the Horfe eat nothing but fcalded Bran, or Barley bruifed in a Mill, and Wheat-Straw, or Chaff Oats or Hay will retard the Cure, which without them may be foon expected. CHAR
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A General Syjìem of Borjemanjhìp.________________3^
-------■--------------------------~ ' C H A P.
CHAP. XXIX. .xll2t.
Of the Anticofy or ^7iticow.
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TT,o rv-ii •» mortal to Horfes if they are not foon relieved, especially in hot
HI S Diftemper ■ *£**» at ^ lea{/die out of thirty that are {àzeà with it. In
1 Cotmtncs where ^enty^^ rf .( .. g ^ ^ ^^ ^^
H»/W « « juft*«Ì well. Germany a„d iW., tho' temperate Conntries, are
rf they are but treated tokrawy J ^ fo ^ and ^ notwithftanding pretty fatal m l>uc<uc ,
are extremely hot Caufo ^ fa Inftance) from theRemains rf an old
The Antlco'Pro;^aSnCTer nerfe(ftiv cured, or after which the Horfe was too foon put to
gETfcïS much" HeatP:Sed in the Stable, by being kept up there a long Time
lout a fin- or from having loft too large a Quantity of Blood, m what Part foever the
wuhout airm0, o D Horfe ^ ^ Difte Is by lookmg under Vein was opened. The Way_to.know Up between the Fore-Legs,
his Belly, to fee if he has a Swellingt» ° q P^ ^^ ^ fc ^^
This Swelling,s J-tnu, ^rger J~J* ^ tW f ties they continue
w£ any Ilt^. ^When you Lch a Llling of this J< JM«^
; ;f h d made tllem ln a B,t 0f yuH-Fatte, rilling up Fmgers "forJome Time, a y g ^ ^
SuLa^^efthTFlem and the Skin, and whfch proves that all the Blood in the
Veins is corrupted. , „,. der the Breaft with a RaZor or In-
The firft Thing to be done here ^penthe^km und^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ as ^
cifion-Knife, and make a Cavity w ^ ^^ Root as ^ ^ & ^ ^
reaed in a former Cafe ; p»«mg m ^ ^ ^ s
ÏT her Ss andX faE Swelling in twlnty-four Hours, which comes almoft » the
Sr i:fcaafSt.andAs this **b£*°**rg%%2s& z^à am;apro
it mews the Life of the Horfe to be in teS^nX has loft its Virtue,
ceed from the Badnefs of the Hellebore, ano.n=;t w;th Baülicum; to bring it to a Suppura- To proceed to the SweUmg^ Yo Diftemper. You muft alfo rub it between t,on ■ which W1ÏÏ draw ^^^^ t0 te lie/ under the Jaws of a young Horfe
whiles with that Ointment which «orde PP fuffi ^ (wbJch you may k w that has the Strangles As foon * th^weU efen ^ Qr ^ moft wUk
upon touching it with your Finger, itthe y v y e £ which all FarrierS
yon can tell fifty or fixty) you ™^£J^£ itPQn each side, \a tnree or four Places,
have, make it red-hot and pierce the 1 umour ^ ^ from a Tap> You muft thruft in the•*-* ^*£*,™ "^ two Men muft hold at the Ends,
and then put a Broom-ftick unüerc in orfer to force out as much Water as pof- aad rub it backwards and forwards very , ^ OÌBXmeat above-mentioned, till the
fible. You muft afterwards anoint 1 every V y ^ ^ ^
Tumour dilkppears. ^T^£gS££ and good Ihubarb, In order to cleanfe
dial-Medicines, as Venice ireaclc, Uormai , 0 Diftemper appears his Heart, and drive the Diforder out. If the Dung etot Q wMch
too dry and black, you muft give him {^'ZldVTr
may be omitted when the Dung feems to be in good Order. Another Remedy for the Antkor.
ur , ■ the nre-edmer Article, that this Diftemper may anie rrom
We have obferved, m the pre ed.n Art^ , ^ & rf ^ different Caufo: Po which ^ muft^^t P ^ before; and) fe
gion. A Ho* -y be ut ^ a taUc ^ ^^ and conf ntly
want of due Care, that Stable may n^ t ft To remedy
fedious, fo that a great many Horfes may be rrnn^d by ^n | { ^
this, and prevent the Venom from reaching the Heart and e ■ H J fe
1 ^^«iJi^^^'r? ft
attacked with this D lorde., opoi me ^ 4 pellet of Burgundy-Pitch, about ^ Irou above-mentioned, ^m.^^f^„ Afterwards, rub the Swelling all over
the Size of a Pea, melting it m with the red hot lion. > |
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o a A General Syjtem of Horfemanjhip.
CHAP, every Day with Oils of Turpentine and Bays, mixed together in equal Quantities. If the
XXX. Swelling has already reached the Breaft, you mould foment the Belly all over, five or fix Times a Day, with the Decoction of Marfh-Mallow-Roots, prefcribed in the Sequel of this Book. This mud be followed by the Cautery of Black Hellebore, under the Skin between the Fore- Legs, which mould be applied and drefied as directed on other Occafions. You mult often give the Horfe good Cordials, fuch as have been already prefcribed in feveral Places of this Work. Both thefe and the Cautery will contribute to drive the Diftemper out. CHAP. XXX.
Of a Purfive, or Broken-winded Horfe.
riF^HERE being no Remedy for broken-winded Horfes, it would be almoft needlefs to
treat of them, were it not that fome Quacks maintain they can cure this incurable Difordef. I leave to themfelves the Glory of all fuch Cures, and mail be content with fetting down a few Prefcriptions, that may give Relief in this Cafe, and make the Horfes capable of doing fome Service, without running to any great and ineffectual Expence. A Medicine for the Relief of Broken-winded Horfes.
Take three Pounds, two Pounds and a half, or two Pounds oïfat Bacon, in Proportion to
to the Size of the Horfe ; mince it fmall, and foak it twenty-four Hours in a fmali Quantity of warm Water, changing the Water every two or three Hours : Then take a Handful of Smallage, cut it fine, and beat it up with the Bacon. You muft have a Pint of fweet Oil, to clip this Mixture in, and then give it the Horfe in a Morning, after he has fafted all Night. Get upon his Back as foon as he has taken it, and give him an Airing for three or four Hours. Repeat this Prefcription fix times in twelve Days, keeping him all the time from Hay, or wetting what Hay you give him. His Oats fhould be bedewed with the Urine of a found hearty Man, and afterwards mixed with the following Powder. A Powder tofprinkle among the Oats of a Broken-winded Horfe.
Take three or four Pounds of Small Shot, call: in Water, and beat it in a large Mortar,
till it is reduced to Powder : Then take the fame Weight of Flowers of Sulphur, and mix with it in an earthen Pot. Heat a Spit red-hot, and thruft it into the Pot, and when the Compofition has taken Fire, wait till it goes out of itfelf. The Powder that remains at bot- tom you muft pound over again, and fprinkle about a Thimble full of it, Night and Morn- ing, over his Oats. This will relieve a Horfe very much in ten or twelve Days, but radically to cure- him is impoilible. Another Remedy.
Take fweet Oil and Brandy, a Pint of each ; give it for a Draught three Mornings running,
the Horfe faffing fix Hours before, and as many after taking it. A man muft be a good Judge, who can tell on the fourth Day, whether your Horfe is broken-winded or no, at leaft if he be not very bad indeed. Another Remedy for a Broken Wind.
Take three large Handfuls of the Herb called Oxs Tongue, and boil it in fix or feven
Quarts of Wine, till it is half wafted. Give the Horfe about a Quart every other Day, keeping him warm. Litter him well, and let him fall three Hours before and as long af- ter taking this Draught. Give him a good Handful of Rye, and let his Hay be all foaked in Water. Wheat Straw is much the beft for him, if you can get a fufficient Quantity. Sprinkle all his Oats with frefh human Urine. If you repeat this Courfe once a Month, it will make a broken-winded Horfe able to do a great deal of Bufinefs. Another.
Take Figs, either frefh gathered or dry, and pound as many of them as will yield you half
a Pint of Juice by Expreffion, which mix with good Wheat-Bran. Give the whole Quan- tity Evening and Morning, and continue it for fome time, obferving to wet the Bran with warm Water. The following Draught mould alfo be given for fome Days. Take
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A General Syjïem of Horjemanjhip. q$l
Take three Ounces of fine Starchy and half a Pound of Boars Lard \ diiiblve them in CHA^
a full Quart of Water, ftirring it well ; and give this to drink every Morning till the Horfe X5Ü, mends. Mix a little Honey in his common Water, and if he will not drink when you offer it, keep him thirfty till next Day, and then ufe the following Fomentation. Put two or three Handfuls of Rcfemary Branches, Flowers and all if they are in Seafbri,
into a new earthen Pot : Fill the Pot with Brandy, cover it clofe, and fet it over a gentle Fire, till it be ready to boil : Then put the Horfe's Head into your Bag with Holes at both Ends, and perfume it with the Steam of the Pot from underneath, which will make the Horfe fweat, and tranfpire the ill Humours that may affeci his Lungs. Fumigate him in this Manner, Morning and Evening, for eight or ten Days, and if he is not perfe&ly broken- . winded, you may hope for a Cure : If he is, this will do him great Service. Another.
Keep your Horfe fliut up in the Stable a Fortnight, and then bleed him. Feed him only
with Chaff, and fcalded Bran, and let his Drink be fair Water warmed. If he has a great Cough, take an Ounce and an half, or two Ounces of Oil of Bays, and tie it up in a Rag for him to hold in his Mouth. Let him him drink freely whenever he is a-dry. You rauft ufe this as long as the Cough continues, and when that leaves him, give your Plorfe the follow- ing Compoiition. Take common Sweet Oil half a Pint ; Succotrine Aloes, and Saffron, each half an Ounce :
Put the whole, well mixed, into a Bottle of Wine, and give it for a Draught. Let him fall four Hours before, and as much after taking it. Then take a Bottle of White-Wine, and put in it fix large Onions, boiling them to a Pap over a gentle Fire without Flame, and till the Water in them is all evaporated. Give this with a Drenching-Horn, three Days after the former : Then let him reft three Days, and let his next Draught afterwards confiff. of thefe Ingredients, viz. Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Ginger, Long-Pepper, each one Ounce : Put them all together in a Bottle of White-Wine, with four Ounces of Oil of Olives. Heat the Whole, before you give it the Horfe, who mould be walked two Hours before and two Hours after taking it. In twelve Days Time repeat the firft of thefe Draughts ; and if you are defirous to preferve your Horfe, let him drink nothing but blanched Water, and never eat any Hay, unlefs obliged to it by Neceffity. When that is the Cafe, fee it be good and clean, and moiften it a little with Water. To preferve a Horfe s Wind.
Take dry Teazles, fuch as the Cloth-workers ufe, reduce them to Powder, and lift the
Powder well. Give the Horfe half an Ounce of it at a time, Night and Morning, among his Oats. This Remedy, fimple as if feems, is excellent for the Relief of a Broken-winded Horfe ; and to preferve the Wind of a Horfe that is not affeéted, give him a Dofe of it when- ever he is to take a long Heat. Another alleviating Remedy to a Broken-winded Horfe.
Take Lead, and file it to as fine a Powder as pofiible, of which give an Ounce at a time
in the Horfe's Oats, after they have been foaked in frefh human Urine, or for want of that in fair Water. This Remedy continued will do much Service. Obferre in general, never to give any Thing dry in this Diftemper, A Medicine to keep a Broken Wind from growing worfe.
Take half a large Handful of green Broom in Bloffom, chop it fmall, and mix it with
your Horfe's Oats, after you have wetted them with human Urine. Deprive him of Hay, and give him Straw in the room of it, wetting it Night and Morning to make it the freiher : For many Horfes will not eat it when kept wet from one Day to another. While you give him the Broom, which fhould be for eight Days running, lead him once or twice a Day to the Water, and make him fwim without fuffering him to drink ; efpecially on the Day when you would have him appear found-winded. |
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ji General Syftem of Horjemanfhip.
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XXX: Mother', /tf preferve the Breath of a Shortwinded Hor/e.
Take Pimpernel and Crefles, of each a Handful and an half ; pound them together, and
having put, them in a Pot to infufe in a Bottle of White-Wine, give the Whole for a Draught. This is a very good Remedy. Another for the fame Purpofe.
, Take Broom-Flowers, and White-thorn Leaves the frefheft and tenderei! you can get,
with the velloweft Leaves of Sallow, and Colts-Foot, of each an equal Quantity : Chop the Whole very finali, and make the Horfe eat as much of it as poffible in his Bran. Keep your Horfe on this Diet, and a little Straw between whiles, and his Wind will appear good. Another, for a Broken Wind.
Diet your Horfe for a Fortnight with Straw, Chaff, and Bran, and keep him from Work ;
and four Days after give him the following Pills. Take Agarick, Aloes, round Birthwort, each half an Ounce ; Elecampane, t lowers of
Brimftone, common Honey, Liquorice Powder, each one Ounce. Powder all thefe Drugs ; mix them with frefh Butter, and make them into Balls. Roll your Balls in Sugar or Liquorice Powder, and give them every Day eight or ten Days running. This will very much re- lieve. A Powder to mix with the Oats of Broken-winded Horfes, or Horfes that have an invete-
rate Cough.
T ke a Bar of Iron or Steel (Iron is beft, tho' Steel be moft ufed) and heat it at the
Forre till it comes out almoft white. Then take a large Piece of Sulphur, thruft your Iron arainft it and as it melts let it run into a Pail of Water. When the intenfe Heat is over, out it again into the Fire till it is as hot as before, and continue thus to put it to the Brim- ftone till you have melted four or five Pounds, more or Ids, as you have Occafion Three Pounds of Sulphur, Ikilfully managed, will melt five or fix Pounds of Iron or Steel. Ine S V hur falls into the Water with the Metal, but you muft leave it there, becaufe when you . P , -. • mP]teA you muft dry it and reduce it to Powder in a Mortar, and pafs it
tate out what is me tea y j ^^ ^ ^ q^ ^ ^ ^ ^
thro a fine Sieve, Sulpnur anu a,u. -«- _ 4 >
cording to the Corpulence of your Horfe, and mix it with his balded Bran, ^ome give tbs
for a Month or even fix Weeks together, without perceiving any EfTed ; but this mould not hinder them from continuing it two Months upon Occafion, by which Time it will cer- 1 do o-ood You muft not throw away the Water in which the Metal was melted, but Svnel Quart of it to the Horfe every Morning by Way of Draught. There have been thofe who have- ufed File-duft for the fame Purpofe ; but it would be long before one could get a, fiafficient Quantity ; nor is that ever fo fine as this Powder, which therefore is a more effectual and fovereign Remedy. Balls for a Broken Wind.
Stamp eight Heads of Garlick, and two Ounces of Horfe-Raddifh, in1 a Mortar ; then add
to them, three Ounces of Flowers of Brimftone, and make them into a Mafs with a fufficient Ouantity of Sweet Oil : Divide the Mafs into four Balls. Let the Horfe have one of them in the Morning, and another in the Afternoon. Others.
Take Galbanum and Gum Ammoniac, of each half a Pound ; Burdock Roots, a Pound ;
kt them be well pounded in a Mortar, with a Quarter of a Pound of Flowers of Benjamin, addine by Degrees, Sweet Oil, 'till it becomes a Pafte fit to be made into Balls, weighing each two Ounce*. Give one in the Morning, and one in the Afternoon, two Hours before Watering. |
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A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip. 33
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C H A P. XXVII.
Heaving of the Flank.
'ORSES that are attacked with this Diftemper feem as if they were broken-winded, CHAP.
which often makes their Cafe feem doubtful, fometimes occafions Law-fuits, and 2222!l leads ignorant Practitioners into the Ufe of wrong Means. Dealers have been obliged to take their Horfes again through the Sufpicion of the Buyers, who were unacquainted with the Diftemper we are treating of: And others have fold Horfes that have been really broken-winded, under the Notion of' their being only over-heated, and newly taken up from Grafs. This Accident often happens to Horfes that have been over-rid, or have eat what is un-
wholefom ; as damaged Hay, dufty or mufty Oats, or fuch Drugs as the Jockeys give them to make them fat of a fudden. Thefe Drugs feem at firft to do them good ; but they only heat their Infide, make them infirm, and bring on this Heaving of the Flank. It is known by the Wheezing of a Horfe, and the continual Motion of his Flanks} his Bowels are tucked in, and fo drawn together, that he may become burften. The Cure fhould be fpeedily undertaken, and in the following Manner. A Remedy for the Heaving of the Flanks.
Beat up a Pound of Bacon into a Lump, and foak out the Salt in River-water, Then
take F/own of Brimflone, Honey ofRofes, powder d Anifeeds, and Fennel Seeds, each 2 Ounces; Roch Alum, 1 Ounce. Make this into ten or twelve Pills, each as large as a Nut, in the following Manner.
When your Bacon is well foaked, cut it in very fmall Pieces, and pound it in a Mortar, and then add the Drugs above-mentioned, after having powdered the Fennel Seeds and Alum. With a fufficient Quantity of Barley-flour make the whole into Pills, and let the Dofe be more or lefs in Proportion to the Strength of the Horfe : Two or three of a Morn- ing is the Quantity neareft a Medium. The Horfe fhould be tied up uve or fix Hours before taking them, and three or four after. You muft feed him only With {added Bran, and if the Dofe prefcribed is not fufficient, repeat it in double the Quantity till the Beating of the Flank abates. Above all take care to give him eafy Airings, without any Fatigue. Another, for a Heaving of the Flanks through too muck Fatigue.
Take Juniper Berries, Wild Sage dry'd, each 2 Ounces ; Bay Berries, Gentian Root,
each 3 Ounces ; Saffron, half an Ounce. Having powdered the whole, tie it up in a Linen Cloth, and put it in a Pail of Water, which you are going to give the Horfe to drink. After he has drank, fill the Pail again, and leave the Drugs to fleep. In this manner the Compofition will ferve two Days, and then you muft put in frefh till the Horfe is well. During the whole Courfe put the following among his Oats or Bran. Fenugreek Seed, and the Root of Imperatoria, each 1 Pound ; Gentian Root, 2 Pounds;
the Herb Savin, dry'd, half a Pound. Powder and mix thefe, and put a Spoonful of the Powder into his Oats or Bran every Time he eats, pouring on Water that you may mix them the better. It will very foon produce good EfFecls. Another, for the Beating of the Flanks occajtond by Straining.
The Beating of the Flanks occasioned by fome Strain, whether through a Hurt on the
Part, or by falling offa Bridge, or out of a Boat, or by leaping any Hedge or Gate, is very dangerous, and will kill a Horfe without fpeedy Relief. You muft obferve if there be any Swelling or Bruife, which the Horfe will generally
point out himfelf, by turning his Head that Way. When this is the Cafe, lofe no Time, for the Place may fuddenly mortify : To prevent which apply the following Remedy. Take Bole Armenie, Greater Comfrey Root, Black Pitch, each 4 Ounces ; Sal Armoniac,
Dragons Blood, Frankincenfe, each 2 Ounces ; Wheat-flour, half a Pound ; Vinegar, 2 Quarts. Dry the Drugs thoroughly, and having powdered them, take fix Whites of Eggs, and put them in a large Pot, in order to mix the Powder with them and the Vinecrar. Apply this hot to the Part, after having fhaved off the Hair, and cover it with a She'ep-skin bound on with Leather-Thongs. Let it remain twelve Hours, and repeat K the
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34 ^ General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
CHAP, the Application two or three Times, till the Horfè is relieved. In the mean time give
'Y"Y"\7'TTT . /- i-t
• him fome Cordials, in or'der to ftrengthen him, and drive the Diftemper out. Give him
no Oats, but only fcalded Bran, and a little fiale Rye-Bread ; for that which is new would clog up his Teeth. A Horfe treated in this manner will very foon be out of Danger. A Remedy for a Horfe that is over-heated, and fir eight ened in the Flanks.
Take a Pint of Sweet Oil, and as much Milk, frefh from the Cow : Mix them toge-
ther, and give them to the Horfe a little warm : Then walk him in the Air a Quarter of an Hour, and keep him from eating two Hours after as well as before taking it. Water him with fair Water as foon as he comes back into the Stable; and the two Hours being expked, give him a Feed of fcalded Bran, but no Oats. Repeat the Remedy five or fix Times, once in two Days, and let his Feed all the Time be the fame. A little Barley juft broke in the Mill is very good for him in this Cafe, and will contribute to a fpeedy Cure. CHAP. XXVIII.
Cheft- Foundering.
THIS Diftemper is much like the former, and proceeds from the fame Caufes ;
which makes fome Perfons call them both a Heaving of the Flank, without any Diftincìion. A Horfe may contrae! it by being lame behind, whether in the Hanch, the Leg, or the Mufcles; or from any long Fatigue,, either in the Army, or elfewhere. A Horfe that is delicate may avoid eating, through mere Indifference, till his Bowels are contracted, and he looks as lank and thin as a Grey-hound. A Mare may be fooner brought to fill out again than a Horfe by getting her covered, which is a Secret that Dealers make ufe of in order to fell their Mares : But as this Stratagem is not univerfally received, the moil ready Cure is by the following Medicines. A Remedy for a Cheft-founder ed Horfe.
Refrefh your Horfe firft with fcalded Bran, depriving him of Oats. Some Days after bleed
him in the Neck-Vein, and next Day give him a purging Glifter, and in the Evening fome common Purge. Feed him with, the beft Hay you can get, and whenever you give him Bran, take a Pail half full of it, and then fill it with Water, having mixed them well to blanch the Water. You may diffolve in it half a Pound of Honey each time. This Water can ferve but once, becaufe it will grow four in a Night's time, efpecially in Summer. If the Horfe will not eat the Bran that is at Bottom, after he has drunk the Water, take it out in Balls, and put them into the Manger, with a few Handfuls of Beans to provoke his Appetite. You may alfo give him Beans to make him drink the Water; but they muft be your fmall Marfh- Beans, fuch as they throw to Pigeons. During this Courfe rub his Flanks every Day with good Oil Evening and Morning, and endeavour to loofen, as it were, the Skin of his Belly with your Hand gently, and by little and little, taking Care not to hurt him. It muft be owned that this is a Work of Time, but it will certainly cure the Horfe in the End. The Horfe fhould have feveral Purges during the Courfe of this Diftemper. Another, for the fame Diforder.
Treat your Horfe as before directed, and in order the fooner to make him belly, take
Vine-branches and reduce them to Afhes. When you have four Ounces, fift it through a fine Sieve, and beat it up in a Bottle of Wine. Let the Horfe drink four Ounces of Sweet Oil, and then give him the Wine and Afhes through a Horn. Repeat this Remedy every other Day till the Horfe apparently recovers, and never neglect your Glifters when his Dung is hard and black ; but when that is in good Order, Glifters are no longer neceffary. When you cannot get Vine-branches, ufe Elder-fhoots in the room of them ; but Vine-
Wood is abundantly the beft. Take great care that you do not rub the Skin of the Belly too roughly ; for you cannot here go too tenderly to work. |
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CHAP,
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip, 35
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CHAP. XXIX.
Worms in Horfes.
THERE are many different Kinds of Worms, and as many different Remedies pro- CHAP.
per to deftroy them. To come at the Knowledge of this Diftemper, you muft SvIX> oblerve that a Horfe who has Worms grows meagre, and his Hair curls and frizzles ; he looks dull and melancholic, and falls away vifibly give him whatever you will. To be more certain of his Cafe, examine his Dung, and you will fometimes find it dry and powdery, and mixed with Worms that get loofe from the great Gut ; fometimes the Worms keep behind, but ftill the Dung is dry, and will not hang together. Another certain Sign of Worms is when the Horfe appears very uneafy, and every Moment directs his Head to his Belly, fometimes on one Side, fometimes on the other, as if he would fhew what ailed him. In this Cafe it is neceffary to rub the Hand, and the Arm up to the Elbow, with Oil, and introduce it into the Fundament of the Horfe -, firft cutting your Nails very mort, and taking care not to fcratch the great Gut as you pull your Hand back, when you have got in it all the Worms you can find. As for thofe that are in the other Bowels, where the Hand cannot poffibly come, you muft get rid of them by the following Remedy. Take Mthiops Mineral, 3 Ounces ; and the fame Weight of frefh Butter to make it up
into Pills, which you mould roll in Liquorice Powder, and give the Horfe falling, keeping him fo three Hours after. In a fhort Time the Worms will die, and come out with the Dung. Another Remedy.
Take Oil of Nuts, 4 Ounces ; Gentian Root powdered, Flowers of Brimflone, each
1 Ounce : Mix the Whole in a Pint of White-White, or Ale, and infufe it in a Pot clofe flopped over hot Embers, in order for a Draught. Give it the Horfe warm, and let him faft two Hours before and as long after taking it. Another.
Take Succotrim ^loes, yfgarick, Scammony, each i Ounce ; Butter' without Salt, or
Hogs Lard, 8 Ounces. Make the Whole into Pills, with Cordial Powder at your own Difcretion, in order to give them a firm Confiftence. The Ufe of thefe will clear a Horfe of the Worms. Another.
Take Crocus Metallorum in Powder, and every time the Horfe eats Oats, put an Ounce of
it among them : Continue this for fome Days. Either of thefe Remedies will do the Bufinefs. CHAP. XXX.
Swelling of the Tefticles.
THIS Diftemper ufually proceeds either from fome Strain in Working, or from the
Horfe's having continued too long in the Stable, or from his putting one Leg over any Bar, and being checked by the Halter, or, in a Word, from any other Accident that confines a Horfe, makes him kick and fling, and bruife his Cods. There is no other Way of knowing this Diftemper but by fome outward Swelling upon the Part. The com- ing down of the Tefticles proceeds from the fame Caufes, with this Difference only, ttiat it is along time in difcovering itfelf; whereas the other may come in one Night- A Poultice for the Swelling of the Tejlicles.
Take about 4 Ounces of the Juice of Leeks, 2 Ounces of common Salty a Quartern |
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a fufficient Quantity of Vinegar to make a Pap about as thick as
apply it fpread thick likt* a Poultice. , Another.
Take Bean flour a*nd Vinegar, make a Pap as before ; add a little Salt, and ufe it as the other. An3thr' |
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3 6 A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip.
CHAP.
XXX, Another.
XXXI r
Take Z/&£r and the Crum of White Breads an equal Quantity of each; pound them
with Honey, or /VW Mr'/£ : Boil the Whole together, and make it of a proper Confidence, to apply with Tow upon the Cods, covering it with an Ox's Bladder. Fatten it on with a Bandage, and apply frefh twice a Day, a little warmifh, continuing the Ufe of it till the Swelling leffens. If this Remedy is properly applied, the Horfe will be foon cured. Another.
Bleed the Horfe in the Flat of his Thighs ; then take the Flour of Wheat and Linfeed^
Turpentine, and Oil of St. Johns Wort, each 4 Ounces ; Ointment of Pbplar Buds, 2 Ounces. Mix the Whole with Vinegar, and make a Plaifter for the Reins of the Horfe, which will very much contribute to affwage the Swelling of the Cods. This may be made as foon as a Poultice. A Remedy for another Sort of a Swelling in the Tefiicles.
The Swelling I mean, and which has not yet been mentioned, proceeds from a Col-
lection of Humours which defcend on the Part, and occafion great Pains. Thefe Hu- mours are often the Effect of eating Grafs too tender: They may alfo proceed from aHorfe's carrying too heavy Burthens, or having worked too hard, or eat too much. When Na- ture is over-charged, the obftruöed Digeftion caufes Ventuofities which fwell thefe Parts. To know when the Diftemper proceeds from this, take your Horfe abroad into fome Water as high as the Bottom of his Stones, and if the Swelling finks, you may be fure it pro- ceeds only from Humours - and in that Cafe have Recourfe to the following Remedies. Take Potters Earth, and dilute it with Wine • ftir it well, till it becomes very liquid :
Then warm it, and with a Spunge dipped in it foment the Tefticles and Sheath. If this does not cure him, add the Juice of Garden Night-Shade, and Rofe-Water an equal Quantity of each, and as much of both as you had put Wine to dilute the Earth. Apply this five or fix Times a Day, till the Horfe is cured. If the Swelling proceeds from his having worked too hard, or carried too heavy Burthens, you may know it by touching the affeaed Parts, and feeling a Hardnefs cleaving to the Skin. In this Cafe ufe the fol- lowing Remedy. Dry Beans in an Oven; reduce them to Flour; boil that in Vinegar, and make a
Plaifter to apply to the Cods, binding it on with a Bandage. Another.
Take a large Quantity of Lees of Wine, Cummin, and Beans ; boil up the Beans firfl
to Jkin them, and then boil the Whole well together, and make an Addition of Vinegar. Put this Compofition into a Bag that will cover the Cods, and apply it as warm as the Horfe can bear. You may repeat the Application twice a Day, and in cafe the Swell- ing be very confiderable, three times. CHAP. XXXI.
A Remedy againjl the Gangrene.
IT is proper to fay that the following Compofition will keep a long time, provided it
be in a dry Place. Take Green Vitriol, White Vitriol, Roch Alum, Sealed Earthy Venetian Cerufs, each 1 Ounce. Reduce every Drug into Powder feparately ; then take a clean earthen Pipkin, well glazed, and put in it two Ounces of Spring Water : Throw in each Powder by itfelf ; firfl: the Alum, then the Green Copperas, then the White, and afterwards the others, ftirring continually with a wooden Spatula till it becomes a little hardifh. Let it dry at laft upon the Fire, till the Whole is as hard as a Stone : Then take off your Pipkin, and let it ftand till next Day to cool in fome damp Place, that fo it may difengage itfelf from the Bottom of the Veffel, which it does eafily if that be well glazed. But as the Gangrene ftays for no to-morrow, you may break off fome Bits of the Stone while it is warm, and apply them pulverifed to the numbed Flefh, which begins to mortify. There is no other Way of ufing this Stone. 3 Another
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A General Syflem of Horfemanfhip. 3 7
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Another for the fame Purpofe. CHAP.
Take Green Baum, either out of a Garden or the Field ; pound it, and exprefs the Juice :
Then take the fame Weight of Mutton-Suet, with a Handful of common Salt ; put the Whole into a Pot or Pipkin, and juft boil it up. Strain this Compofition through a Piece of fine Linen, and apply fome of it frefh every fix Hours to the beginning Mortification, till you fee new Flefh appear. A Remedy to hinder the Gangrene from reaching the Heart.
Take Affa fcetida, Bole Armenie, Flowers of Brìmfìone, each 3 Ounces : Powder the
Whole, and put it in a Bottle of Wine or Ale, and give it the Horfe in form of a Draught. It will hinder the Gangrene from fpreading farther. Another.
When you fee the Gangrene feize any Part of a Horfe's Body, take the EfTence of
Turpentine, and warm it in fome covered Veffcl, which the Air cannot enter. Wafh the Wound with this EfTence, and then cut off what dead Flefh you can come at. Put cor- rofive Sublimate powdered upon what you cannot cut off, and apply Tow, dipped in the EfTence, upon the Wound, which muft be drefièd in that manner twice a Day till it is cured. When the dead Flefh is all gone, the Sublimate can be of no Service. But as the Gangrene will caufe an Inflammation, make ufe of the following Baths. Baths, or Fomentations.
Take Roots of Marfh-Mallows bruifed and boil them in a fufficient Quantity of Water,
till the Water becomes thick and muddy : Then take it off the Fire, and when cool, rub the Horfe with it hourly till the Inflammation diflipates. A Remedy againfi internal Venom.
When a Horfe lofes his Appetite of a fudden, and fwells all over the Body, it is a Sign
of internal Poifon, perhaps from having eat fomething venomous among his Hay or Grafs. Let the fir/l Thing you give him be a Draught ot this kind. A Drink.
Take Juice of Mullein and Oil of Nuts, of each 2 Ounces ; mix them together and
give it the Horfe. Let him take upon it a Pint of White-Wine, and ply him with lax- ative Glifters between whiles. If the Horfe is not relieved by this Drink, depend upon it the Poifon is very violent. In that Cafe have recourfe to Venice-Treacle, which ufe in the following manner. Take Venice-Treacle, 4 Ounces ; Oil of Nuts, 2 Ounces : Dilute the Whole together,
and mix it with a Bottle of White-Wine, which give for a Draught. If the Venom has not affe&ed any of the noble Parts, you may promife yourfelf a Cure. CHAP. XXXII.
A Remedy f of the Bite of a Serpent, or other venomous Animal*
IF a Swelling comes on any Part of a Horfe's Body, mfpect it carefully, to fee if there
be no Prick or Bite capable of caufing this Inflammation 5 for there may chance to be fome Serpent or other venomous Animal in the Stable, efpecially in the Country, though the fame Thing may happen in a Town, in any Nation whatfoever. There is in Holland a kind of venomous little Beaft called a Shrew-moufe, fomewhat lefs than a common Moufe, with a more piqued Nofe, and of a grayer Colour. His ufual Refidence is in Stables or Stalls, and his Bite is very venomous to all Sorts of brute Animals, and even to Mankind. Lofe no Time therefore when his Bite appears, but prepare the following Remedies, which are eafily come at, wherever you may be. Take a pointed Burning-iron, make it red-hot, and apply it to the Part bitten, thruft-
ing it as far as you can, provided there be no Nerves in the way,^ that may endanger laming the Horfe. One Hole is not enough : You muft make five or fix round the Wound ; and drefs them with EfTence of Turpentine and Oil of Spike, mixed in equal Quantities. r L For
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a 8 A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip.
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C H AP.For want of thefe you may ufe Brine, or Water well feafoned with common Salt, or the
XXXIII. following Ointment.
Take green Gol e-wort Leaves and Hog's Fat, the fame Weight of one as the other ;
pound them in a Mortar to an Ointment, with which drefs the Wound. You mull not have Recourfe to the common Counter-poifon, and to Purging, in order to evacuate the ill Humours, for fear the Venom in the mean time fhould corrupt the whole Mafs of Blood; for when that is once done, the beft Remedies will be ineffectual, and Death muft inevitably be the Confequence. CHAP. XXXIII.
How to purge a Horfe gently, and fatten him.
TAKE about a Dozen of Starlings; put them in a large Copper, juft as they are,
Guts, Feathers, and all ; boil them till they drop to pieces, and then, having taken them out of the Water, pound them in a large Mortar ; put them again into the fame Water, and give them another boil. Strain the whole through a fine Linen Cloth, and fee that you have about fix Quarts of the Pap or Jelly, of which give the Horfe one every Morning, having mixed with it half a Pound of Bean-flour. Never put in your Flour till juft as you are going to give the Horfe his Draught. You mould get a good Stock of Starlings, that yoii may have enough to ferve the Horfe fifteen or twenty fucceffive Mornings. Give him frequently a finali Quantity of Hay, to provoke his Appetite, which too much at a Time will cloy. Before he drinks let him eat a Handful of whole Beans, and get the cleaneft Oats you can, to feed him with three Times a Day. There are few Horfes that will not grow fat, when managed in this manner. Another Way to effeSi the fame.
Firft, keep your Horfe always with an Appetite, feeding him little and often. Give
him Oats three Times a Day, putting into them every Time a Handful of Nettle-Seed ; and let him conftantly drink warm Water blanched with Bean-flour, or, for want of that, Wheat-flour. In three Weeks or a Month this will make him fat. Another Way.
Inftead of Oats, feed your Horfe with Wheat half boiled. Let his Water every Time
be blanched with Wheat-flour, and before he drinks, always give him a Handful of Fenu- greek, mixed with a fmall Handful of Oats, in order to warm his Infide, and make him often thirfty 3 for the more he drinks, the fooner he will be fat. Another.
When you have a mind to fatten a Horfe, give him inftead of Oats a Peck of Rye-
flour Morning and Evening, made into a Pafte, and rolled up in Balls. You have nothing more to do but to give him Hay, a little at a Time, and often, and now and then a Peck of Beans juft par-boiled ; watering him with blanched Water, in which Leaven has been fteeped. This will fatten a Horfe in three Weeks or a Month, and make him fit for Sale. To give a Horfe Appetite.
Take Honey, 4 Ounces ; Pepper, Starch, each 1 Ounce ; Violet heaves, Nutmegs,
Barky-flour, each half an Ounce : Mix the Whole together, and make it into Balls, which roll in Liquorice Powder. After each Ball, to drive it down, make the Horfe fwallow a Gulp of Emetic Wine, given through the Horn. A Pint will be more than fufficient for the whole Dofe of Balls. A Remedy for Cancers in the Mouth, or upon the Tongue of a Horfe.
Take three or four large Leeks, and pound them well ; an Ounce of powdered Alum,
two Ounces of Honey, half an Ounce of broken Pepper, arid an Ounce of Salt : Put the Whole in a Quart of Verjuice, or the Juice of Lemons, and wafh the Cancers with it three or four Times a Day till they are cured, which will not be long. 2 CHAP.
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A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip. 39
CHAP. XXXIV.
For a Horfe who/e Tongue is cut by the Bridle or Halter.
A Horfe often cuts his Tongue in the Place where he mouths the Bridle, or the Halter CHAP,
croffes him. To remedy this when it happens, take human Urine, Salt, Honey, JJ^Ii and pounded Pepper ,- mix the Whole together, and wafh the Tongue with it feven or eight Times a Day, with a Linen Rag. . Or you may put the Drugs together in a Rag, and tie them up, for the Horfe to hold in his Mouth four or five Times a Day, an Hour each Time : Only the Quantity of Honey fhould then be increafed, to keep the other Ingredients together. This laft manner is in faci: better than the former, and will foon cure a recent Wound on the Tongue. A Hurt of this kind mould never be neglected, becaufe the Tongue of a Horfe that has been cut, and not prefently healed, is apt to make his Mouth rough, which is occasioned by his toiling about his Head, and oppofing the Hand. Another for the fame Purpofe.
Take dried Figs, fuch as are fold at the Grocers, pound them to a Mafli, and mix
with them the fame Weight of Honey, to make a Compofition for holding in the Mouth, like the preceding. Pills for a Horfe in a fick and languifhing Condition.
Take frefh Butter, 8 Ounces ; Honey of Rofes, 4 Ounces ; Senna Leaves, Coriander
Seed, Mithridate, each 1 Ounce 5 Bitter Apple, Bay Berries, Saffron, each half an Od ce; Sup-ar 2 Ounces: Powder and mix the Whole well, and make Pills for two Dofes, to be given two fuccefììve Mornings, and warned down with a little Wine. The Horfe fhould faft fix Hours before, and as many after taking this Remedy. Another Way of purging a Horfe,
Take Succotrim Aloes, 2 Ounces; Senna Leaves, i Ounce; Sweet Oil, x Pint: Mii
the Whole together, and give it the Horfe after he has fafted all Night: Keep him fix Hours longer without eating or drinking, and then give him lome fcalded Bran and blanch- ed Water. The next Day, at the fame Hour he took his Purge, give him a gentle Airing if it does
not work ; and when it begins to operate, put him up again into the Stable, cover him warm, and from time to time give him Bread, fcalded Bran, or even Oats, but in very fmall Quantities, becaufe his Stomach will then be weak. Purges take away the Appetite of a Horfe, which muft therefore be reftored with Affa feetida, or fome cordial Compofition. A Water proper for all Sorts of JVounds.
Take round Birthwort and powdered Sugar, of each 2 Ounces : Boil the Birthwort in
a Quart of White-Wine till it comes to a Pint, and then ftrain the Whole through a fine Linen Cloth, and keep it in a Bottle for Ufe. You need only warn the Wound twice a Day with this Water, in order to keep it clean, without any other Application ; and if it be frefh received, this alone will foon heal it. Hohd to dry up any Wound.
Wafh the Wound once a Day with warm Wine ; and if you melt a little Sugar in it,
fo much the better: Then take the Powder of Rofemary Leaves, and fprinkle on the Sore, which will foon dry away. An excellent Suppurative for the Corns, or Kernels, that come on a Horfès Bach
In the firft Place take Oil, or any warm Ointment, or for want of that Hog's Greafe,
the oldeft you can get: With this rub the Corns, and it will make them fall off. Then drefs the Wounds with Effence of Turpentine, and Lint made of old Cords beat to a Pow- der. As you put on the Effence of Turpentine, fprinkle the Lint-Duft upon it, which will bind it together and ftay on the Part. Continue this Courfe till the Horfe is cured. I could prefcribe other Remedies, which would be harder to get, more expensive, and yet not a whit better. ^n0tber |
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40 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP. Another Suppurating Ointment.
XXXV,
XXXVI. Take Sweet Oil, 2 Ounces ; Yellow Wax, Venice Turpentine, Black Pitch, Black and White Rofm, Mutton Suet, and Hog's Lard, each half an Ounce : Melt the Whole toge-
ther over a gentle Fire, and reduce it to an Ointment, which you muft preferve with Care. It is good in all Cafes where Suppuration is wanted. CHAP. XXXV.
The beft Way of Cutting off a Horfe's Tail. YO U muft (have off the Hair in the Place you defign for the Operation, railing up
and turning back what you intend to preferve. Then take a Bar, or thick Piece of Wood, of juft a proper Length to fupport the Tail when fet on one End : Hold it upright with one Hand, lay on the Tail, and with the other Hand clap crofs it a fharp Hedging- bill at the proper Place, which muft be ftruck through with a Hammer or Mallet. Some ignorant Perfons put the Bill under the Tail, and ftrike on the latter ; but this hurts and bruifes it, and may be attended with bad Accidents. The Tail being cut off in this manner, you muft take a hot Searing-Iron, made in the form of the Letter O, and apply it gently to flop the Blood : Then take black Pitch, and put a little of it on the End of the Stump, clapping to the Iron, which has now loft fome of its Heat, to melt it. Put up yourHorfe again in the Stable ; but take care he does not ftand near any Wall or Cellar, againft which he may rub himfelf : For fomeHorfes have killed themfelves by that means, having brought a Mortification into their Tails. When the Operation is over, you muft rub the Tail quite to the Crofs of the Reins with Brandy; continuing to do fo Night and Morning for fome Days. If the Horfe fliould unluckily rub and fret the Part, or the Stump fhould be bruif- ed, or too much burned, you muft rub quite to the Crofs with Spirit of Turpentine and Brandy, beat up together in equal Quantities. It is proper for one to ftand behind the Horfe with a Whip, to keep him from flinging about, and fo to prevent any Accidents. CHAP. XXXVI. .
The Manner of Gelding a Horfe well, and treating him during the Cure.
THERE are many different Ways of Gelding a Horfe. Some Whip them ; that is,
after they have made an Opening in the Cods with a Razor or Incifion-Knife, fo that the Stones come out, they bind the Roots of them with Pack-thread or Coblers-end, and then cut them off below the Ligature, cleanfing the Infide of the Cods with Oil only, or Oil mixed with Wine. Others Billet them ; that is, they take a Hafel-ftick of mode- rate Thicknefs, fplit it through, take out the Pith, and make a Cavity the whole Length, which they fill with powdered Vitriol, or Verdigreafe, or fometimes with Sublimate. With thefe Sticks they take hold of the Horfe between the Cods and the Belly, tying them on as tight as poflible, and leaving them there nine or ten Hours ; by which time the Parts will entirely fall off. Neither of thefe Ways is bad in itfelf ; but they are not proper for a Horfe that has a Rupture, nor one whofe Strings of his Tefticles are large and fwelled. I have no Opinion therefore of either of thefe Operations, and that which follows is much more convenient, efpecially as it may be performed at any Age* or in any Seafon, pro- vided it be done fkilfully. You muft throw down the Horfe upon his Back, according to the Cuftom in Germany,
and put a large Leathern Strap round one of his Hind-Legs, bringing it under his Neck, and fo drawing the Foot near the Shoulder, that you may have room for doing your Work with freedom. Then take up one Tefticle, and hold it faft in your Hand ; and with a Razor or Incifion-Knife, make a large Opening in the Cod for the Tefticle to come out. You muft ufe a delicate Hand in dividing it from the Strings and Ligaments, which form a Sort of SS ; and then the Tefticles extend in Length. If he be a vicious and dangerous Horfe, you muft cut it off as near his Body as poflible ; but if he be a quiet one, divide the Strings as near as you can to the Tefticle itfelf. Having got the Tefticle out, take a Piece of Plate-Iron, about two Inches broad, and
the Thicknefs perhaps of a Crown-piece : Clafp the Tefticle within this, and fqueeze it
elofe : Then take a wet Dim clout, and put it between the faid Plate and the Cods, and
2 cut
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A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip. 41
cut off the Tefticle with a hot Iron. You may throw on fome Bits of Sulphur before CHAP»
you take away the Iron, and burn them on the Part ; and laftly, rinfe the Cods wellXXXVI1* with fair Water. Proceed in the fame manner with the other Tefticle. Before this Operation, you fhould draw the Horfe's Yard out of the Sheath, and cleanfe
it well with Water from ail Filth. This will in fome Meafure prevent the Greatnefs of the inflammation, and of the fubfequent Pain. All the farther Care required, is to keep the Horfe from Wind in a very clofe Stable, and to wafh his Belly feven or eight Times a Day with fair Water, cold in Summer, but warm in Winter. If the Inflammation be- comes very great, which fometimes happens, you muft frequently wafh the Cods, Sheath, and all that is fwelled, with Cream, till the Symptoms difappear. During the whole Pro- cefs, you muft give the Horfe no Oats, but as much fcalded Bran as he will eat ; and let his Water be blanched, and a little warm. Though I have faid that all times are equal for this Operation, yet the Spring is the
moft advantageous Seafon, unlefs Neceffity urges the contrary. The Horfe preferves his Hair better, and keeps it fmoother at that Time. I muft obferve farther, that if a Horfe is lean and meagre when gelded, he will never grow fat again nor have a good Coat, even though the Operation be performed in Autumn ; and that there is moft Danger of a Mortification when it thunders, which Weather therefore fhould not be chofen. Some have a Charm againft this ill Effect, which we omit, as equally idle and fuperftitious. I had forgot to tell you, that during the Cure, beginning the Morrow after the Opera-
tion, you muft walk your Horfe abroad three or four Times a Day, a Quarter of an Hour each Time, if the Weather be fine, and no Wind ftirring. When you cannot take him out, walk him in the Stable, in order to make him evacuate the Matter from his Wounds. Every one knows that his Fever will increafe nine Days, and be as many more in going off: But if the Method here laid down be obferved, he will recover in a very fhort Time. CHAP. XXXVII.
Hurts on the Wither\r, or Wither-wrung.
THIS Accident is common in the Army, either through bad Saddles, or bad PanneJs
on the Horfes of Burthen, or fometimes through the Truffo of Forage being ill made up. it is very eafy to difcover, becaufe it begins by a Swelling, which proceeds from the Extremity of the Cheft, juft between the Movement of the Shoulders. Many Horfes are loft through this Misfortune, and the Ignorance of thofe who take them in hand, and who apply outward Remedies to bring the Swelling to a Head, which they - afterwards open. When they have done this, they are ufually unable to prevent Ulcers or Filanders in the middle of the Wound, which grow to the adjacent Joints ; and then Matter often flows down between the Shoulder-blade and the Body. Here all their Skill is at an end ; for the Matter having no longer any outward Drain, the Horfe of confequence dies, merely becaufe the Procefs was not made as it ought, and acccording to the fol- lowing Directions. To prevent fuch an Accident, as foon as you perceive the Swelling above defcribed, let
the Caufe be what it will, you muft hinder any Collection of Matter by this Composition. Take the Whites of five or fix Eggs, and beat them up to a Froth : Then take an Ounce
of crude Roch Alum, which reduce into a fine Powder, and mix with the Eggs ; adding, after you have well mixed them, about a Glafs of Spirit of Turpentine : Then beat the Whole again, and add a like Quantity of Brandy ; continuing to beat it till it comes to a kind of pappy Confiftence, with which you muft rub the Swelling three or four Times a Day, and in a little while it will be entirely gone. In cafe the Swelling was far advanced when you took it in hand, and fome Matter already formed, there will be no great Damage : The Matter will difcharge itfclf, by continuing the Ufe of this Remedy. Another Remedy for the fame Diforder.
If you are in a Place where you can have none of the Drugs abovernentioned, take
Brandy, and dilute it in a Bit of Soap, and then rub the Swelling with it till you make a Lather : Repeat this every three or four Hours till the Tumour diffipates. When you cannot get Brandy, ufe Urine with the Soap ; or, for want of that, Brine, or Water well falted : But thefe muft be ufed ten or twelve, inftead of three or four Times a Day. if U < all
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^2 A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP, all other Means are wanting, as foon as you perceive this Diforder, take a green Tuff
5557Ì1' out of fome Meadow, with the Earth flicking to the Roots, and apply it to the Swelling ' on the graffy Side. Renew this every three or four Hours till the Tumour difappears, or till you have furnifhed yourfelf with one of the Remedies above-mentioned. CHAP. XXXVIII.
Navel-Galls.
"^HIS Accident proceeds from the fame Caufe as the foregoing, and confequently
muft be treated in the fame manner. What we call a Hurt upon the Navel, is in reality upon the Kidneys, towards the Crofs of the Reins, where the Crupper and Saddle- buckle join. CHAP. XXXIX.
Of Impofiumations in the Withers.
THIS is occafloned by fuffering Matter to gather in the Swellings on the Withers;
and a moft terrible Diftemper it is in the Army, efpecially in hot Countries, where the Flies are very troublefom. As the Horfe moves, the Matter trickles down continually between his Body and his Shoulder; and as it can have no PafTage outward, becaufe you cannot force one through the Blade-bone, thofe who know not how tamake the fol- lowing Operation, are obliged to give all fuch Horfes over. You muft firft bind your Horfe, and throw him down on the Ground : Then take a
Stake about as thick as your Leg, four or five Foot long, and fharp at one End ; drive it into the Ground with a Beetle, and place the Horfe that it may ftand juft between his Shoulder and his Body, fo that he cannot flir while you perform the Operation, which is thus done. Tie a Cord to the Horfe's Foot, and at about two Yards Diftance drive another Stake into the Ground, to ferve as an Axle-tree to a Coach or a Cart Wheel that you muft put thereon. Faften the other End of the Cord to this Wheel and then turn it about, till by winding up the Cord you extend the Horfe's Leg as much as it will bear. You may then make an Incifion between the Body and the Shoulder, to the very Top, to come at the Matter behind the Blade-bone, by an Opening to be afterwards made. The Jncifion is made with a flat Iron, fomewhat crooked, about an Inch broad, and as thick as two Crown-Pieces. The Curvity of this Inftrument is in Proportion to the Ribs, be- tween which and the Shoulder it muft pafs, in order to let out the Matter that is lodged above : And for this purpofe you muft introduce a fmall Rowel, from the Top of the Withers to the Bottom, between the Shoulder and the Trunk ; which may be eafily done if your Farrier has ever fo little Addrefs. This Rowel fhould be left in only twenty-four Hours, and then let the Wound be drefled like any common Wound ; which Method will foon put your Horfe out of all imminent Danger, as the Matter between the Trunk and the Shoulder will be difcharged. You may make the Rowel either with Hungary Leather, or with Tow and Horfe-Hair twifted together, daubing it over well with Bafili- cum. If at the End of three full Days the Matter does not run out plentifully below, you may leave the Rowel in a Day or two longer. Never forget, during the whole Procefs of the Cure, that your Horfe is to have no Oats,
but only fcalded Bran, or ftale Bread Pap. Befides that, it is abfolutely necefTary to make him eat Root of baftard Rhubarb, or the Herb Patience, which grows in almoft all Coun- tries, and is a Kind of wild Sorrel. It flioots up in Meadows, and by the Sides of Ditches, and fometimes is very large. The Root is yellow, like that of the Sorrel ; but both Stalk and Leaves are much- bigger, though of the fame Colour at the time of Seeding. That which grows in the Water is beft, and next that which grows in fat Land; but for want of one Sort, another may be ufed, and the more a Horfe eats of either, cut very fmall, the fooner will he be well. This Root is alfo good for all other Sorts of Wounds whatfoever : And it is certain, that in a temperate Climate, when the Flies give no Di- sturbance, one might cure a Horfe by Means of this Root only, without any great Ope- ration. |
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C H A P.
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A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip. 43
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CHAP. XL.
Faintnefs for want of Nourifhment.
THIS Diftemper is more common in the Army than any where elfe, and occafioned CHAP.
by the great Heats, and the long Marches one is obliged to make. It oftener hap-XL> XLT» pens to brifk and lively Horfes, than to thofe that are heavy ; and nothing more is wanted XL1L than to.be able to diftinguifh it. When a Horfe falls down of a fudden on the Road without having eat or drank, the Dull has got into his Mouth, and through his Noftrils' flopping up the Paffages, (o that he cannot breathe, and drops as if he were dead. Horfes that are ufed to go in Harnefs, either in Coach or Carriage Service, are very rubied to it. In order to cure this Difeafe, you muft take fair Water, wafh the Head of the Horfe with it," pour fome of it into his Noftrils, into his Mouth, and a good deal into his Ears : This will raife him in a little while. You may then let him drink, and he will be able to proceed on his Journey. Horfes that are fubjecT: tov this Diforder fhould not be neglected, but fuf- fered to drink on all Occafions that offer. The Guts of fuch Horfes are always narrower than in others, which makes them unable to bear Hunger or Thirft. It is much the fame with Men, fome of whom can go without drinking more eafily than others. CHAP. XLI.
Of the Pole-Evil.
THIS is a very troublefom Diftemper, and proceeds from different Caufes ; especi-
ally to large Draught-Horfes, who wear hempen Halters, as thofe belonging to the Artillery, the Provisions of an Army, or any Sort of Carriages. Not but that others are alfo fubject to it. Horfes affe&ed with it are apt to be frightened at every little Thing, and pull as if they would break their Harnefs to get loofe ; which occafions the Halter to hurt them between the Ears and the Neck, where the Neck and Head join ; and this by Degrees becomes more and more painful. Matter at laft forms in the Part, which not being perceived, extends along the Cheft, caufès a great Inflammation, and often makes it neceffary to open the Tumour along both Sides of the Mane, the Length of half a Foot, or more, in thefe Sorts of Wounds, which are made through Necefììty care muft be taken to ufe no fat Ointment, nor an oily one, but of a reftringent Nature. ' This Diftemper is the more difficult to cure, as it is hard to keep the Remedies on, and you muft put no Ligature on that Part. You muft take therefore a thick Piece of Linen Cloth, and cut it about a Foot fquare,
that it may go between the Ears, and extend along the Mane. The Cloth muft be four or five Times double, and faftened under with narrow Tape, in order to keep on the Medicines. Thefe Accidents may be occafioned by a Blow on the Head from a brutal Driver, when
a Horfe hefitates at pafling any Place. It is needlefs to multiply Remedies that are pro- per for fuch Wounds, becaufe they who have dreffed one may drefs others. |
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CHAP. XLII.
Of a Shoulder-jlip, or Shoulder-wrench.
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T is common, for want of Knowledge, to confound the Diforders of a Horfe's Shoul-
der, and only to fay of each that it is a Wrench or a Slip : But it is proper to know, |
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that a Horfe may lame his Shoulder different Ways, and without ever (training himfelf in
the leaft. This Diftmdion ought to be judicioufty made, to prevent any Miftakes that may enfue. A Horfe may be lamed, in the firft Place, by having been ill fad died ; that is, by
having the Saddle put too forwards, and rode on by a heavy Man, who neither knows how to place himfelf, nor to adjuft his Stirrups. If one Stirrup is longer than the other, the Man confequently bears more on one Side than the other, and the Saddle-bow, pref- fing moft againft one Shoulder, muft of courfe bruife it in a long Day's Journey ; and fo the Horfe may be lamed without making one falfe Step. A Man in this Cafe goes to a Farrier, who tells him his Horfe has flipped his Shoulder, and that his Cafe requires great 4 Care
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44 <d General Syflem of Horfetnanfhip.
CHAP. Care and Pains. He is paid as a fkilful Man, though perhaps all the while he is a mere
XLIL Block-head ; and the Horfe renews his Malady for want only of mending the Saddle. You put him in *ne Hands of another equally ignorant, who treats him in the fame manner, and leaves the Saddle juft as it was. After the poor Beaft has remained fome time in the Stable, a frefh Rider mounts him, and changes the Saddle perhaps by hazard, or makes the Stirrups even, and rides him without ever laming him at all. A Horfe may lame his Shoulder by coming haftily out of the Stable, and running it
againft the Door or the Poft, or by a Kick from another Horfe. Your Farrier then cures him by the help of Ointments, and in the Eyes of ignorant Perfons goes for a fkilful Doctor. But a Horfe that has in reality a Shoulder-flip, or an Extenfion by a Strain within the Shoulder, between that and the Ribs, (having no Joint there that holds thofe Parts together, as the Hanch is fattened to the Body, nor any other Ligament but Fibres and Tendons ;) fuch a Horfe, I fay, who has this true Shoulder-Hip, is not to be cured by Re- medies applied without the Skin : For how fhould their Ointments penetrate through the Shoulder-blade, a folid Bone, to cure the Diforder underneath it ? This can be done no other way than by manual Operation, as fhall be fhewn in the Article of true Shoulder-flips. There is another Sort of Caufe that may make a Horfe lame in the Shoulder, without
his having ever ftrained himfelf, or received any Accident. He limps now on one Side, now on the other, and fometimes on both ; not being able to ftand upright. This Cafe is the moft difficult of all to cure, as it proceeds from Nature ; the Horfe having been got by a Turkijh or Arabian Sire, whofe Shoulders were extremely flat and narrow, and clofe as it were together. Some Perfons never obferve this, and are fatisfied when they go to a Stallion if he looks well, and be either a Turk or an Arabian. Now to come at the Knowledge of this Defect, when you fee a Horfe whofe Shoulders are clofe together, and quite flat, inftead. of being flefhy, there is little good to be expected from him. Such Shoulders make a Soft of demi-quarter Circle from the Bottom to the Withers, where you fee a Void without Flefh. Almoft all your Farriers are miftaken when they apply Rowels in this Cafe, and io make the Shoulder leaner and leaner, render the Horfe ufelefs, and in a little while, Ml him ; whereas they mould endeavour to nourifh the Part, which is what it wants. I will now give you a Courfe of Remedies, in proper Order, for the fe- veral Accidents in the Shoulder that have been here enumerated. For a Horfe that has been lamed in the Shoulder by the Saddle.
If you are in a Place where Drugs can be eafily got, take Spirit of Turpentine and
Brandy, an equal Quantity of each ; beat them up together, and rub all the Part that has been hurt by the Saddle. Put your Saddle backwarder when you ride him acrain which may be the next Day, or the Day after. If you have no Spirit of Turpentine, take Soap and Brandy, and rub againft the Hair till you make a Lather. Repeat this three or four Times running, as faft as it dries in ; and thus you may cure your Horfe while you proceed on your Journey. For want of Soap, you may ufe Roch Alum • and for want of Brandy, Urine : But if you can get Spirit of Turpentine, the Whites of Eggs, Brandy, and Urine, the beft Way is to make a Compofition of them all, as directed for Horfes hurt on the Withers, and rub the Horfe with it four or five Times ; which will effect a Cure. You may ufe the fame Remedies in the other Cafes abovementioned. But if the Inflammation be very great, the Diforder of long Continuance, and one Shoulder appears thicker than the other, you may introduce a Rowel under the Skin from the Bottom to the Top of the Shoulder. It may be made either with Leather or Tow, pro- vided Hair be twifted with it, and the Whole well bedaubed with Bafilicum. The two Ends of it muft be tied together without the Skin, that you may commodioufly turn it, and anoint it afrefh every Day. Keep it in nine Days, and in the mean time rub the Shoulder with the following Ointment. Take Ointments of Marjhmallows, Poplar Buds, and Rojes, Oils of Bays and Honey,
each two Ounces ; melt them together, and ftir the Compofoion till it is cold ; then ufe it once every Day, and make more if this be not found fufficient. The Rowel will draw the Bruife the Horfe has received to Suppuration ; and the Ointment will nourifh the Skin, and keep it from fhrivelling. It is very proper that a Horfe fhould do no Work, while he is under this Courfe: But
even if one is in the Army, or upon the Road, one may expect a Cure from purfuing it elofely, though not fo foon as when you can give him Reft. 4 A Remedy |
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A Remedy for the Cooling or Chilling of the Shoulders. CHAP.
XLII.
In this Diforder a Horfe cannot fupport himfelf before, and has very little Motion in L
his Shoulders, as if they were rivetted or bound together. Some Perfons, for want of
Knowledge, take this to be a Foundering ; whereas Foundering hinders the Motion of the Legs, and a Cooling or Chilling of the Shoulder affe&s the Shoulder only. This Diftinftion being made, you may treat your Horfe in the following Manner. Firft, make him fwim, as the Farriers call it, on dry Ground ; that is, tie up one of
his Fore-legs, bent at the Knee, with a broad leathern Strap ; and then walk and trot him upon three Legs, till his one Leg before can no longer fupport him. Exercife him in the fame Manner upon the other Leg ; and afterwards bleed him in the two Arches, and rub his Shoulders well with the Blood, and over that with Spirit of Turpentine, Oil of Spike, Oil of Petre and Brandy, mixed together in equal Quantities. Sprinkle Rye-flour over all, in order to make a Sort of Cruft upon the two Shoulders, which fliould be refreihed once a Day, for feven or eight Days running, with Oil of Bays, and afterwards with an Unguent made of the Ointments of Marfh-mallows, Poplar-buds and Rofes, mixed up with Honey, an equal Quantity of each Ingredient. You may continue to rub the Shoulders of the Horfe with this Compofition, once every Day, for three Weeks or a Month, in which Time it will comfort him greatly. Leave him afterwards five or fix Weeks in the Stable, without ftirring out. As the Humours may poflibly defcend into his Feet, you ought to have his two Fore-
feet unfliod, and pared well, before you begin the Cure : Then let his Shoes be put on again, and from time to time fluff the Hollows of them with Cow's Dung, fried in Hog's Lard, and afterwards mixed with Vinegar. By means of this Remedy you may prevent any fuch Accident in his Feet. If you rub his Hoofs, towards the Crown, with Oil of Bays, fo much the better. And if all thefe Remedies are found infufficient, it is to no purpofe to look after others. A Remedy for the true Shoulder-Jlzp, or what is called an Opening.
Before you undertake any Thing, have the Horfe unfhod, and his Feet pared; then
fhoe him again as even as poilible, and make him fwim on dry Ground, as directed in the foregoing Cafe $ excepting that you muft do it here with one Leg only, and that you muft keep the lame one to the Ground. Whip him on upon a Trot till he fweats, and then throw him down, and drive two Stakes into the Ground to fupport him, one againft the Hollow behind his Shoulder, and the other between the Belly and the Thigh, penning him up that he cannot ftir. Take a long Cord, with a Shackle to it, and faften it to his Foot, at the Joint between the Fetlock and the Hoof, and tie the other End to the Wheel of ■ fome Carriage, fixed according to the Direction for a Horfe that has impoftumated Wi- thers, in order to extend his Leg in a right Line. You muft then make an Incifion in the Skin between his Trunk and his Shoulder, as direded in the fame Article, and in- troduce your Iron in three Places ; one in the middle, to afcend almoft to the Top, and the two others on the Sides of it, making with it a Sort of Fork with three Prongs. Thefe Openings being made, you muft have Candles call: in flat Iron Molds for that Purpofe, and compofed in the following Manner. Get a flaxen Wick of three Threads, that may lie flat by each other, and having put it
into the Mold, take an Ounce of Venice Turpentine, an Ounce of Spirit of Turpentine, an Ounce of Oil of Bays another of Ointment of Marjh-Mallows, two Ounces of Mutton Suet, and half a Pound o(yellow Wax ; melt the Whole, add half an Ounce of Verdigreafe in Powder, and having mixed it well in, fill your Molds. When your Candle is cold, in order to loofen and take it out, pafs the Mold over a Wifp of burning Straw, or fome other Flame ; and then putting the Candle in again, introduce the Mold to the very Bot- tom of the middle Hole, by which you muft begin. Your Mold muft be very fmooth and even • and you ihould have a flat Piece of Wood, of the Form and Size of the Can- dle, which you muft introduce in it's Place, as you draw out of the Mold, in order to leave the Candle behind Fill up the two other Holes in the fame Manner, and then with a large Needle and a Cooler's End ftitch the Skin together in the middle, to keep all in. Then let your Horfe rife, and put him up Hi the Stable, where a Place muft be prepared with Planks for him to Hand upon, fo even and fmooth, that one Leg cannot be higher N than
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a6 A General Syftem of Horfemanfloip,
CHAP, than another. This is contrary to the Practice of fome Farriers, who put a high Shoe upon
XLIII. tne we]j poot ; which often makes the Legs uneven, by fuffering the other Shoulder to de- fcend, and fo lames a Horfe for his whole Life after. When your Horfe is in the Stable, take a large Towel, and tie his two Feet as clofe as
poflible, as if he was fettered : Bind him in the fame Manner at his Knees, fo that he cannot bend them. You muft renew the Candles every Day, and every Day diminifh their Length, till the Holes are quite filled up. It is neceffary alfo to faften your Horfe in fuch a Manner, that he may not lie down
for forty or fifty Days. This is done by four Reins or Thongs, tied, two to the Rack, and two to the Manger, leaving him barely Room to eat his Bran ; for Corn he mull ab- folutely have none, during the whole Cure. As the Ligatures may occafion the Horfe's Legs to fwell, it is proper to rub them every
Day with Lees of Wine. At forty or fifty Days End, take off the Bandages, as well as the two Reins that were tied to the Rack, and litter him well. Perhaps it will be fome Days longer before he lies down ; but he will do it at laft, and the Swelling of his Legs will diflipate. You mufl: not take him out of the Stable however for eight or ten Days after this : but then you may give a gentle Airing, taking great Care not to turn him on the Side where his Diforder lay. This mould be obferved a long while ; and if ever there be an abfolute Occafion to turn on that Hand, fetch as large a Compafs for it as you can. Though a Horfe may be able to work gently in a Month after he comes to lie upon his
Litter, yet he ought not to be put to it for five or fix Months. I would advife no Man therefore to perform this Operation, except to a Horfe of great Value, unlefs he does it by Way of Experiment, becaufe it will coft him much Labour and Money. To nourifh the affe&ed Parts, during the Courfe of the Cure, make Ufe of the Oint-
ments that are prefcribed in the Article of withered Shoulders, rubbing in fome of them once every Day. I would not advife any one to undertake the Operation here mentioned in the midft of Summer, when the Heats are violent. It was the Author of this Book, who invented this Manner of treating a Slip in the
Shoulder, and the different Experiments he has made of it with Succefs, leave no Room to doubt but it is the beft that ever was invented. Many of thefe Experiments were made in his moft Chriftian Majefty's Stud, of which he was forty Years Infpeaor. CHAP. XLIII.
Of the Spunge.
THIS Diftemper is not fo dangerous as difagreeable to the Sight, becaufe it never
makes a Horfe lame. It proceeds from his bending back his Fore-feet when he lies down, fo that the Points of the Shoes or the Froft-Nails when he has any, prefs againft the Pit of the Shoulder, juft where you put your Hand to feel if a Horfe has the Fever. This, in the Sequel, caufes a great Swelling • a Mafs of foul Flefh arifes, and a large Blifter full of a red Humour. If our Grooms and Hoftlers were not fo idle, it would be ealy to get rid of this Diforder, and quite dilpel it, at it's firft Appearance, by only fpunging the Part with Well or Fountain Water, the coldeft they could get, ufing a Pail-full of it at a Time, five or fix Times a Day. In two or three Days, at moft, all the Swelling will thus diflipate ; but if it be neglecied till the Bladder of bloody Water is formed, though it does not lame the Horfe, it will be a long while in curing, in fpite of all the Remedies and Operations one can have recourfe to. When the Swelling does not give way to the cold Water, prepare the following Ointment. Take Cantbarides, Black Hellebore, and Euphorbium, of each two Ounces ,• powder
them all, and make an Ointment with Oil of Bays, and Venice Turpentine, an equal Quan- tity of each : Let it be made without warming. Then (have off all the Hair from the fwelled Part, and put on a large Plaifter of the Ointment, making it faft with Ligatures, brought between his Legs, and over his Withers.'1 Renew this Plaifter once every Day, five or fix Days running ; which will draw out all the noxious Humour, and diflipate the Swelling. It muft not be thought ftrange if you find the Skin fall off, as well as the Hair, becaufe they will both come again more beautiful than before. If the Horfe takes again to his old Habit of lying, and another Swelling appears, run a hot Iron into it at Bottom,
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip. 47
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Bottom, to let out all the Water, and then drefs it as you would another Wound. kCHAP.
is to be hoped, that the Pain he feels in thefe Operations will make him leave this Habit, ^IV, and take to lie on his Shoes, YT VT' CHAP. XLIV.
Stiff Legs.
THERE are fonie Plorfes, who, through the Remains of an old Diftemper, or fome
great Fatigue, become fo ftiff in their Fore-legs, that they can fcarce bend their Knees ,• which makes them (tumble, and fometimes fall, when they are ever fo little hur- ried, though even on a Walk. When this is the Cafe, you muft endeavour to fortify the Nerves o£ the Legs and Joints by Fomentations of Marfh-Màllows Roots, or Lees of Wine, or any other Medicines proper to fupple and ftrengthen thofe Parts. There are fome good Receipts for it in this Book : But if, in fpite of all the good Remedies you can ufe, the Legs continue ftiff, you muft make the following Operation. Under the Shoulders, or, to fpeàk more properly, under the Breaft, between them and the Knees, as is pointed out in the Explanation of the Figures, you feem to feel a Nerve very hard and ftiff, which in reality is only a Tendon. It lies juft under the Vein that we open for Diforders in the Shoulders, which may be juftly called the Bow-Vein. Here you are to make an Incifion with a Razor or proper Knife, defcending along the Tendon, and opening the Skin about two Inches. You will find this Tendon feparated, as it were, from the Skin and the Flefli, as if it was a Nerve ; which makes many call the Operation, Cutting the Nerves of the Fore-legs. Having made this Opening, with a wild Goat's Horn, or any fuch like Inftru- ment, which is crooked and pointed, you muft get under the Tendon, in order to draw it without the Skin. You muft cut this in two, and the Ends will draw in, the one upwards, and the other downwards. This being done in both Legs, fill up the Wounds with Salt Butter -y putting about three Ounces of Salt to half a Pound of Butter, and mixing them well. You muft continue to drefs it with nothing but this, till a Cure is effected. Before you undertake this Operation, you muft have the Horfe fhod in the following
Manner, and with fuch a Shoe as is depifted in one of the Plates, Fig. 3. and 9, to oblige him to bend his Legs in going : For as foon as the Operation is performed, you muft air him at leaft a Quarter of an Hour, and then put him again in the Stable, filling the Wounds with Salt Butter. You muft take him out thus every Day, Morning and Evening, and pace and trot him, obferving ftill to drefs his Wounds according to thefe Directions when you put him up, and keeping juft the fame Courfe till he is well. I would not advife any Man to ride the Horfe at firft, till he is accuftomed to fuch Shoes \ for he will be very apt to {tumble or fall. You fhould not even lead him therefore on any Pavement, but only on plain Ground. Once every Fortnight you muft gradually fhorten the Corners of his Shoes. This will in time make his Legs as free as before, though in faci: he will not have fo much Strength in them as another Horfe, who never had this Misfortune. He may be of Ufe however a long while, if he has but only Youth on his Side. CHAP. XLV.
Of an Ox-kneed Horfe.
IT is almoft fuperfluous to fpeak of this Defe&, becaufe it proceeds from Nature, and can
never be cured : only we would point out what fuch Horfes are good for. When you fee a Horfe whofe two Knees bend in towards each other, and his Feet go wide afunder, we call him Ox-kneed, becaufe Oxen and Cows have their Knees made almoft in the fame Manner. Thefe Horfes are by no Means proper to ride : They are fit for nothing but the Cart
or the Plough. In Work of this Kind they walk only, and are borne up m the Shoulders by their Collars and Harnefs 5 which makes them able to do fome Service. CHAP. XLVI.
Of the three Kinds of Splents.
\B E RE is one of the three Sorts of Splents that ought not to hinder a Man from
buying a good Horfe ; I mean what they call the fimple Splent, which appears |
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4 S A General Syftem of Horfetnanjhip.
C H A P. within the Leg, under the Knee, remote from the great Nerve and the Joint of the Knee.
XLVI. jjere ft gives no Pain ; is only difagreeable to the Sight, and goes away in time of itfelf ; which makes it ufelefs to have Recourfe to Remedies. I fhall only give fome for the two other Kinds, which may incommode and lame a Horfe. All the three Sorts are known by the fame Rule : For whenever you fee a Tumour upon
the Flat of the Leg, whether within or without, if it be under Knee, and appears hard to the Touch, it is a Splent ; and when it is fituated as above defcribed, it fignifies no- thing. But when it comes upon the Joint of the Knee, without any Interval, it lofes the Name of Splent, and may be called a Fufee. It then, as one may eafily conceive, makes the Leg of the Horfe ftiff, and hinders him from bending his Knee : Confequently it obliges him to ftumble, and even fall, and, after a little violent Exercife, makes him lame. Reft alone cures the Lamenefs, but not a Fufee. The third Kind of Splent, whether within or without, is when you fed it between the
Nerve and the Bone ; and fometimes even at the End of the Nerve. This is called a ner- vous Splent, and is the worft of all the Kinds ; befides that the Horfe is never here fo firm- footed, but that he limps at every little Degree of Labour. The French reject every Horfe that has a Splent, very often without knowing how to diftinguifh them ; and one that has only a fimple Splent is as bad in their Eyes, as one that has the other Sorts : But a fimple Splent always goes away of itfelf by that Time a Horfe is eight or nine Years old, which makes it unneceffary to prefcribe for it. A Remedy for Splents.
Take a Stick (Hazle if you can, though the Difference perhaps is only in Fancy) of
about two Fingers Thicknefs, and beat and rub the Splent with it gently, in order to foften it by Degrees : Continue this Courfe till the Skin feels as if it were detached from the Callofity. Then with the Point of a Lancet, or Fleam, prick it in feveral Places, in or- der to let out the corrupted Blood. This done, take a large Stopple of Tow dipped in Effence of Turpentine, and over it put a Linen Cloth five or fix times double. Clap over this a Piece of Pig's or Ox's Bladder, and bind it with a Linen Swathe. Let the Swathe be about the fame Breadth with what is ufed for a Man's Leg; but longer, that it may the better keep on the Drefììng. Leave it there twenty-four Hours, and then re- new the Dreffing a fecond and third Time. To what Purpofe, will fome fay, is all this great Wrap ? Is not a Cord or a common
Bandage as well ? What good can the Pig's or Ox's Bladder do ? I will tell you : That Piece of Bladder hinders the Spirits from evaporating ; and the Linen Pledget keeps the Dreffing on clofe, without hurting the Nerve • which would be the Cafe if you were to ufê a Cord, and fo the Remedy would become worfe than the Difeafe. Of Splents^ or Fufees.
I mould inform the Reader that Splents and Fufees are Callofities made by a Humour
in the Legs of a Horfe, according to the Defcription above. Thefe two Excrefcencies have the fame Caufe, and yet are widely different : For Splents no way incommode the Horfe, unlefs they come too near the Nerves, as I have before faid: But Fufees, on the contrary, often lame him, being of a great Length, and growing to the Bone which goes to the Joint of the Knee, and as it were riveting it. A Horfe that has them therefore may be called lock-kneed, and has in effect his Legs fo ftiff, that he limps, and his Knees cannot bend without Violence. When a Knee is once affected in this Manner, it is very difficult to cure, at leaft unlefs you fire it, to prevent the Fufee from going higher, and entirely depriving the Knee of Motion. As it is an Affair of great Concern, you ought not to neglect this Operation of the Fire, whenever the Fufee begins to reach the Joint. Another Remedy for Splents and Fufees.
In the firft Place fhave off the Hair very clofe, efpecially juft where the Hardnefs is ;
then beat and rub it eafily with your Stick ; for if you do it too roughly, it will caufe an Inflammation : The Delicacy of the Hand therefore is here the chief Thing. When the Humour is {ufficienti/ foftened, prick it all over with the Point of a Lancet, to let out the corrupted Blood. Then make an Ointment with Euphorbiumi Flowers of Brim/lone^ Cantharides,
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A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip. 49
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Cantharides, and Black Hellebore, a Drachm of each : Powder the whole, incorporate it C H A P.
with Oil of Bays, and make a liquid Ointment, which apply to the Swelling fpread on J^S Tow, 'fattening it on with a Bandage, that it may keep there twenty-four Hours, Take great care that the Horfe may not come at it with his Teeth. When the twenty-four Flours are expired, take off the Dreffing, and warn the Wound with frem Water; conti- nuing thus till it is well. Another for the fame Pur pof e.
The Hair being entirely fhaved off the Tumour, and the Tumour foftened by rubbing it
with your Piece of Wood, and pricked with a Lancet, as above defcribed ; take a Piece of Rind of Bacon, with a good deal of Fat on it, and apply it to the Part : Then run a hot Iron againfl the Rind, to make the Fat melt ; and afterwards apply Butter and Black Pitch, fried together in a Fire-Shovel. Continue to ufe the latter once a Day for a Fortnight* in which Time the Slough wi]l fall off, and then you may drefs the Wound for a Cure. Another.
Shave off the Hair, and do as before to foften the Splent: Then take five or fix Bits of
Tile, each about the Bignefs of the Splent, and make them red-hot : Have ready an earthen Pot, with Wine Vinegar, and a ftrong Piece of Linen Rag ; put one of the Bits of Tile into the Vinegar, and immediately take it out in the Rag, and apply it to the Splent, holding it there till cold. Ufe a fecond Piece of Tile in the fame Manner, and fo on, till you find the adjacent Hairs come eafily off in your Hand. Then apply the following Cauftic, which fhould extend no farther than the Humour itfelf, and be left there bound on twenty-four Hours.
A Caujlic.
Take a Clove of Gar tick, the fame Weight of common Salt, of Pepper", and of Black
Hellebore-, pound the whole together, and with almoft an equal Quantity of Oil of Bays make an Ointment ; which apply to the Splent or Fufee, and bind it on, taking Care that the *lorfe may not get at it with his Teeth. When the Slough or Efchar is come off, take care to wa£h the Wound, Night and Morning, with warm Wine, and a little Sugar melted in it, till it is quite well. Another Remedy.
After having treated the Swelling according to the former Direction, to prepare it for
the Medicine, take Roots of wild Turnips, or Rape-, cut them into Slices as thick as your Finger, and put a good many of thefe Slices into Wine Vinegar, and give them a gentle Boil ; add a Handful of Salt, and let the Compofition ftand over the Fire, while you take the Slices out one by one, and apply them as hot as you can to the Splent or Fufee, till you perceive it come off, as in the foregoing Receipt ; then apply the Ointment of Pepper, Salt, Gar lick, Black Hellebore, and Oil of Bays, as there prefcribed, and leave it on twenty- four Hours. Supple the Efchar well afterwards with greafy Things, and it will fall off, and the Hair come again. Another.
After the preparatory Treatment, take the finefl Head of Garlick you can get, boil it in
Nut-Oil, and apply it as hot as you poffibly can upon the Tumour : Bind it on and leave it twenty-four Hours ; and afterwards add every Day Oil of Bays, till the Splent goes, which it certainly will.
CHAP. XLVII.
Of the three Kinds of Offelets.
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S SE LETS are of the fame Nature as Splents, which makes fome Perfons take them
for the fame Thing : There is this Difference however between them, that Splents
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come near the Knees, and Offelets near the Fetlocks. Their Seat is indifferently within
or without the Leg. .
The firft is the Simple Offelet, which does not grow near the Joint of the Fetlock, or
the Nerve. This need not hinder any Man from buying a Horfe, becaufe it puts him to no Inconvenience, and is only difagreeable to the Sight : Befides it very often goes away of itfelf without any Remedy. O The
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£0 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
CHAP. The fecond is that which defcends into the Fetlock, and hinders the Motion of that Joint :
XLVIII. j}^ OCCa{ions a Horfe to ftumble and fall, and with a very little Work to become lame. The third has it's Seat between the Bone and the Nerve, and fometimes upon the Nerve: it fo much incommodes a Horfe, that he cannot ftand firm, but limps on every little Oc- casion. This Diftinétion is much like that between the three Sorts of Splents ; and as the fame Remedies will cure them both, I fhall fet down no other. CHAP. XLVIII,
Windgalls of the three Kinds.
IN the firft Place, and before you undertake the Cure of any Diftemper, Accident, or
Infirmity, that may happen to a Horfe, you ought thoroughly to know the Nature of it. It is juft the fame with Farriers, as with Phyficians and Surgeons ; thofe who fucceed without knowing what they are about, muft afcribe that Succefs to mere Chance, which might as well have run againft them. Windgalls, the Things I am now to fpeak of, ap- pear to the Eye much like OfTelets ; but are not however juft in the fame Places, nor do they feel like them ; for whereas OfTelets are hard, Windgalls give way to the Touch. Some Horfes are more liable to thefe than others, and that for feveral Reafons : Some
becaufe they proceed from old worn-out Sires, and others becaufe they were worked too young. Among your delicate foreign Horfes, as Barbs, Spanijh, Arabian, or Italian^ when they are Worked young, out of an hundred you will fec 90 loaded with Windgalls, from the Age of five or fix Years. But in the Countries thefe come from, they feldom, without the utmoft Neceffity, ride their Horfes till they are five or fix Years of Age, efpe- cially in Studs of Reputation. Englijh Horfes are very fubjecT: to Windgalls, becaufe they are all worked too foon ; and fometimes becaufe they are defcended from old decayed Stallions. The beft Race in England comes from the Barbary and Arabian Horfes; and thefe are certainly the fineft Creatures in the World for the Saddle, if they are not fpoiled when young. A fimple Windgall.
1 now come to the Defcription of Windgalls. A Windgall is a little Tumour between
the Skin and the Flefh, round the Fetlocks. When it appears at a good Diftance from the large Nerve, it does not lame the Horfe ; and if he has but Age of his Side, that is, be under ten Years old at moft, he will be as ufeful as before, provided the Work you put him to be not of the moft laborious Kind. However a Horfe is much better without than with even this Sort, which is called a Simple Windgall. It confifts of thin Skins, full of a red Liquid, and foft to the Touch. The Remedies for it will come after the Defcription of the third Sort. Nervous Windgalls.
Nervous Windgalls anfwer the fame Defcription : Only as the fimple ones come upon
the Fetlock, or a little above it upon the Leg-Bone, in the very Place of Oflèlets ; nervous ones come behind the Fetlock upon the great Nerve, which makes them of worfe Confe- quence; for they never fail to lame a Horfe after much Fatigue. Thefe Windgalls may happen upon any of the Legs ; but fome of them are more dan-
gerous than others, in proportion as they prefs the Nerve, and are capable of laming the Horfe. When a Horfe happens to limp with them on a Journey, and you cannot poili- bly give him Reft, be fure, every Time you put him up, to fee his Legs well warned with the coldeft Spring Water that can be come at ; ufing a Pail-full to each Leg with a large Spunge. This will enable your Horfe to continue his Journey without limping, though it can never cure him. Take Notice by the way, that Windgalls are more troublefom in Summer than in Winter; efpecially in very hot Weather, when the Pores are all open. Bloated Windgalls.
I diftinguifh by this Name the third and worft Sort of Windgalls, when they come
over the hind Part of the Fetlock, between the Bone and the large Nerve, and make the Horfe lb lame at every little Thing he does, that he can fcarce fet his Foot to the Ground. They appear on both Sides the Leg, without as well as within ; and when you touch them with your Hand or Finger, they feel like a Pig's or a Cow's Bladder full of Wind. 1 Some |
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjbip. § j
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Some have run the Rifque of opening them, and let out the red Water, that is within the CHAR
Skin ; but not one of thefe have fucceeded. They have now and then relieved the Horfe , XH.X>, indeed for fome Time ; but at other Times they have lamed him effectually. The moil ftiort Way therefore is to have Recourfe to Remedies, which may be relied on for a Cure, and cannot poflibly do any Hurt. Windgalls of this Sort are more dangerous than is commonly thought, and if let alone
too long, can never be otherwife cured than by Fire ; and as good Farriers, who know how to give the Fire, are very fcarce (though they all pretend to this Piece of Skill) there is leaft Hazard run by taking the Diforder at the firft, (having off the Hair all round the Fetlocks, and over the Windgalls, and then making Ufe of the following Ointment. Take Spanijh Flies, Euphorbium, and Black Hellebore, each 2 Ounces : Powder the
whole, and make an Ointment with the Oils of Bays and Turpentine, in equal Quanta ties. Spread this with a Spatula all round the Fetlock, and efpecially upon the Windgalls themfelves: leave it there twenty-four Hours, before which Time a great deal of the red Water will be difcharged. Then fcrape off the old Ointment with your Spatula, and apply fre/h ; continuing to do fo every twenty-four Hours, for nine Days running. The Skin will off in fuch a Manner, that you will be apt to think at firft it will never
come again : But you may depend upon feeing it grow after fome Time, and look as well at leaft as before. When Windgalls are frefh, they fometimes difappear, and are not feen again for a long while, unlefs through the fame Accident that firft brought them, namely too much Labour. A Way to make Windgalls difappear.
I fhould not fpeak of this Method, if many Dealers did not make Ufe of it to deceive
thofe they fell to : For when thefe Windgalls cannot be cured, they may be fo difpelled as to deceive a Buyer : It is therefore proper to know how this is done. When a Jockey lights on a handfom young Horfe, though perhaps all his four Legs are fpoil'd, if he can but make thofe Legs carry him to Market, and recommend him for a Horfe of Value, it is all a Man of this Profeffion cares. If he buys him in Winter, he never fails, at the Beginning of the Spring, to fend him to Grafs : After fome Time he takes him up again into the Stable, and with Cow's Dung, diluted with Vinegar, rubs his Legs all over three or four Times a Day, and in a fhort Time the Windgalls difappear. The Jockey keeps this Horfe always ftill, in a feparate Stable, till he lights of a Chapman ; and then, while he is fhewing him others, the defedive Beaft is brought in Sight, frefh and fprightly, juft as he comes from watering. The Chapman aiks the Price, and the crafty Jockey tells him the Horfe is not his, or that he has already partly fold him ; but fince he likes the Creature fo well, he will do all in his power that he (hall have the Refufal of him. This ufually makes the Cuftomer more eager to buy: And in this Manner the Englijb ]ockies> more than others, get off their bad Goods. But the moft fure Way to make a Horfe firm in the Legs, and cure his Windgalls, is to give him the Fire, in the Manner repre- fented in one of the fubfequent Plates. CHAP. XLIX.
How to give a Horfe the Fire.
CARE muft be taken, in the firft Place, that the Perfon who gives it have a light
and delicate Hand ; which a Farrier, who works with the Hammer, cannot poilibly have. He muft alfo have a good Sight, and be perfedly acquainted with the Operation: For if he bears fo hard on his Iron as to go quite through the Skin, he runs a Rifque of laming the Horfe ; and if he does not give the Fire enough, the Windgalls vfiW remain, and he might as well have done nothing. Let us fuppofe then that we have a capable Man : He mSft have fix or feven Steel Knives, made in the fame Manner as is defcribed in one of the Plates hereto annexed. Let him heat them over a Charcoal Fire, and not in the Forge, becaufe the intenfe Heat occafioned by the Bellows will fcale the Inftrument, and make the Edge like a Saw, fo that it muft tear the Skin. Make it very hot, that it may pafs delicately over the Skin, and feel in Hand as if one were cutting of Butter. W7hen one Knife begins to lofe it's Heat, a Perfon that ftands by for that Purpofe muft g&c another quite hot, and put the firft again into the Fire, Never go twice fucceffively upon |
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5 2 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
CHAP, the fame Line ; and obferve to take your Strokes downwards, not upwards, beginning in
L' the middle, and then making Parallels on each Side. Continue thus till you have gone feveral Times over each Line. The firft Knife will fcarce be enough, without changing, to mark all the Lines out. When the Fire is given fufficiently, the Bottoms of the Streaks appear red, or of a gold Colour, and certain little Drops of Water begin to rife: This is a Signal for leaving off the Operations, for fear of cutting through the Skin. The middle Line mould not be fo often gone over as the reft. The Fire being given on both Sides of each Leg, within and without, cover all the Fet-
lock, and a Part of the Nerve, as well as five Lines on the Side of the Nerve, and three on each Side of the Fetlock ; making together nine on each Side the Leg, in all eighteen. Then take a fmall Sponge dipped in Writing Ink, and draw it over all the Lines. You muft do this as foon as you can after the Fire is given, and continue the Ufe of Ink in the fame Manner nine Days following. After that anoint all the Lines, or Streaks, with Ointment, as the Efchars fall off; and take care, during the whole Time of Cure, that the Horfe never comes at his Legs with his Teeth. There are two Things to be noted, which are of great Importance. The firft is, that
the Horfe muft have refted a long while, before you give him the Fire, that he may not be lame at the Time of the Operation ; which would render all your Labour ineffectual: The fecond, that only Autumn or Winter are proper Seafons for this Operation, to which the great Heats and the Flies may be of very bad Confequence. I would advife no Man to give the Fire to a Horfe of little Value, becaufe the Expence
of it is more than an indifferent Horfe is worth. For after you have performed the Ope- ration, there is a Neceflity for his refting four or five Months, without ftirring out of the Stable; and for leading him early in the Fields and Meadows during the Month of May, among the green Corn or long Grafs, that his Legs may be fortified by being thus fuppled with the Dew. If ail this be well executed, one may be fure, at the End of fix or feven Months, that the Horfe will have better Legs than ever, and will laft many Years longer. I have feen Horfes of great Value, without any Defect, on whom this Operation has been performed by Way of Precaution, and who have afterwards been fifteen or twenty Years fit for Service, with their Legs always firm and found. My Father has done it even to Horfes for Lewis the Fourteenth's own Riding ; and with very good Succefs. I have followed the fame Practice ever lince, and never found it fail. I forgot to fay, that in order to give the Fire properly, the Horfe mould be down ; and
the Pot of Charcoal mould ftand juft by, that the Irons may have no Time to cool when taken out. It is proper alfo to have a fmooth Piece of Board at Hand, to draw the In- ftruments over, and difengage any Filth that may ftick to them. The Drefling to be ufed after the ninth Day is the following excellent Ointment for Burns, equally good for Man and Beaft. An Ointment for Burns.
Take a Pound of the frefheft Hen-dung you can get, and mix it with a Pound of Sage
chopped and bruifed : Then take two Pounds of melted Lard, and put all together in a large earthen Pot : Cover the Pot clofe, fet it over a clear Fire, and let it boil four or five Hours. Strain it as hot as you can, through a coarfe Towel, and fqueeze out as much as poffible. Keep this Ointment in your Houfe, as a valuable Treafure ; for it will cure all Manner of Burns, without leaving the leaft Mark behind. The Way to ufe this Ointment upon Horfes who have had the Fire given them, is gently
to anoint every Line with it, once a Day, upon the End of a Feather. For any Perfon who receives a Burn, let fome of it be imbibed in foft Paper, and fo laid on frefh twice a Day, if it be a Part that you can cover : But for the Face ufe a fine Feather, and apply it five or fix Times a Day. This will certainly make a perfect Cure within a Fortnight. C H A P. L.
The Mallenden.
TO know what the Mallenders are, you muft examine the Feet of a Horfe loaded
with Hair ; for fuch Horfes are more fubjed to it than others. You will find a Sort of little Slit in the Bend of the Leg, behind the Knee, from which a certain Humour iffues,
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A General Syflem of Horfemanfhip. 53
iffues, that is fometimes whitifh, and fometimes like muddy Water. The Hair round itCH A P.
is ftrait, and ftands as it were on End ; and as the Humour is fharp and fait, it makes Km^L^J the Hairs fall off by Degrees. This Difeafe happens often to fat Horfes, and thofe that were bred in Countries where the Grafs is lufcious. It is none of the moft confiderable Defers, but worfe in fome Horfes than others, in proportion to their Conftitutions. Your Jockeys and Dealers fay that it makes a Horfe fo much the better, becaufe Nature
thus difcharges what offends her ; and fometimes, I confefs, it is but a trifling Matter : But ftill a Horfe had better not be fubjed to it j becaufe fome are fo loaded with Humours, that they defcend into the Feet while you are curing the Mallenders, and often caufe what is called a Fig in the Foot, which is much more dangerous than the Mallenders, and what few Farriers know how to cure, for Want of Experience. Whatever Jockeys may pretend, the Mallenders make the Leg (tiff, and take away the
Motion of the Knee-joint ; which obliges a Horfe to ftumble often, and fometimes to fall, as he cannot bend his Joints without Pain. In Summer this Defedi: often goes away voluntarily, the Humours being dried up by
the Duft ; but then the Mark of it remains. In Winter, when a Horfe is obliged to work in Mud, Water, Snow, or Ice, he fuffers many Inconveniencies ; which makes it neceffary to ufe gentle Remedies, left by curing the Diftemper in one Part, you drive it to another. The following are very proper for this Purpofe. A Remedy for the Mallenders.
Take Oifler-Shells, and calcine them in the Fire to a Sort of Lime, fo that you may
crumble them to Powder, when cold, with your Hand : Then pound them wellin a Mor- tar, and pafs them through a fine Sieve. Take the fame Weight of Navets, or wild Tur- nips, and pound them alfo: Then take Hogs Lard, to the Weight of both, and put all together in an earthen Pot, and let it boil over the Fire a full Hour, ftirring it all the while, and even continuing to ftir it till cold when taken off. Anoint the Mallenders with this Oint- ment, two or three Times a Day, and it will effect a Cure. But you muft purge the Horfe before you ufe it, to turn the Humours 5 and afterwards, to cleanfe his Body. another Remedy for the Mallenders, Mules, and Sallenders.
Thefe three Diftempers, though different, may be treated and cured with the fame Remedies.
It has been already faid, that the Seat of the Mallenders is behind the Knee, in the
Joint: I muft add, that the Sallenders come over-againft the Mallenders, in the middle of the Bend of the Hough ; and that Mules are a kind of Clefts that come behind the Fet- locks, which fplit them quite a-crofs. This laft Accident is often a Matter of Importance, if it be not remedied very foon : For this Slit will grow fo deep, that it fometimes extends to the Bone, and the Tendons that hold the Bones together ; and fometimes a Eilander comes in the middle of the Wound, looking white like the fmall End of a Nerve, but ■which is neither more nor lefs than an Excrefcence, occafioned by the Humours that ooze from between the Bones of the Joint. This often deftroys a Horfe ; but the beft Way to fave him is to ufe thefe Remedies. Take Oil of Hempfeed, Honey ^ Hogs Lard, Verdigreafe finely powdered, Black Pitch,
Flowers of Brimflone, White Copperas, Red Arfenick, Common Alum, each 2 Ounces ; Quickfifoer, i Ounce. Mix the Flowers of Brimftone and Qmckfilver by rubbing in a Mortar till the Ouickfilver is killed ; and then mix the other Things in Powder with the Oil over a flow Fire in an earthen Pipkin (avoiding the Fumes) and boil it a little, and then ftir it till it is cold. Drefs the Horfe every Day with this Compofition, till he is well. Another Remedy for the Mallenders or Sallenders.
Take Black Soap, Ointment of Poplar Buds, and f refh Butter, each equal Parts, mixed
together for an Ointment ; which ufe every Day. Another.
Take Oil'ofLead, TVhitefi' Ceruffe, each eight Ounces; Common Honey, twenty-four
Ounces : Put the whole into a large earthen Pipkin, and let it ftand over a gentle Fire, ftirring it perpetually with a Spatula, to prevent it's boiling over, and continuing to do the fame when you take it off, till it is quite cold. Ufe this as the preceding. p Every
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J General Syflem of Horfemanjhip._____
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,HAf Fverv time that^Tu drefs your Horfe, foment the Wounds well with a little warm Wine
U Lil, and Sr ^hkh will keep them clean : But be as quiek as you can in doing this, that UILLIV.™^; not have Time to affed the Part, becaufe that would retard the Cure. |
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CHAP. U.
Bow-Legs.
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THIS Accident proceeds from twodifferent &^es:Firft from Nature, when a Horfe
was got by an old worn-out Stallion ; fecondly, from hts having been worked too « Neither in the one Cafe nor the other is the Horfe of any Value, becaufe he n: er'can b:t"footed. It is moreover a difagreeab.e Sight, and is known bypoking at the two Fore-Legs, ftanding about three Paces from his Shoulders. If the Knees point 122 ZThis Legs turn in under him, fo that the Knees come much farther out than he F e ' tte is whaf we call a bow-legged Horfe. Such a Horfe ought to be rented for o C Iwfoever as he never can ftand firm on his Legs ; and how handfom fo- "Ir hTmay oïïr be: t Luld on no Account be ufed for a Stallion, becaufe all ^fStSSS^} orthisDCrbecaufe there is no Cure for it, had it not been
to prevent any one's being deceived in making a Purchafe. |
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CHAP. LIL
'Tottering Legs.
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HIS Infirmity, like the other, is not very eafily difcovered ; which is often a great
Advantage to the Seller. You cannot perceive it till after a Horfe has galloped |
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for fome Time, and then by letting him reft a little, you will fee his Legs tremble under
him ; which is the Diforder I mean. How handfom foever the Legs of fuch a Horfe may be, he never can ftand well on them : You are not to mind therefore what a Jockey fays, when he talks a great deal of the Beauty of thofe Limbs ; for if you oblige him to gallop his Horfe, or fatigue him pretty much (which is commonly done in order to try the Creature's Bottom) you will in all likelihood difcover this Defect, unlefs you fuffer the Groom to gallop him to the Stable Door, and put him up in a Moment ; which he will certainly endeavour to do, if he is confcious of it, while the Mafter has another Horfe ready to fhew you, in order to take off your Attention from what he is afraid you fhould fee. There is no more Cure for this, than for Bow-Legs. CHAP. LIU.
A Horfe that forges. WHAT I mean by a Horfe that forges, is one, that when he walks or trots, ftrikes
the Toes of his hind Feet againft the Corners of his Shoes before, which occafions a clattering Noife as you ride. This proceeds only from the Weaknefs of his Fore-Legs, he not having Strength in them to raife them up quick, to make Way for the hind ones. A Horfe of this kind can do no great Service ; ^ and the Dealers to get rid of him will make abundance of Pretences. If he has been juft fhoed, they will fcold at the Hoftler for having fuffered him to have fuch long Shoes ; and if his Shoes are old, they will tell you he is juft arrived from a long Journey, and very much fatigued. You muft not be over credulous therefore to any Thing a Jockey affirms, for all they fay is ufually with an Intent to deceive : And it is very certain, that a Horfe who forges can never be fure footed, any more than one who has Tottering or Bow-Legs. CHAP. LIV.
A Blow on the Nerve.
THIS Accident may happen to the beft Horfe in the World, as well as to the word;
if the Perfon who rides him does not know how to manage and fupport him juftly: In Hunting efpecially, or jn fwift Courfes, when you are obliged to ride over fandy or ploughed Grounds, or fucri as are wet and boggy, if yon are not careful to fupport him with your Hand, his Fore-feet will fink' in, and as he has not Time to raife them foon enough
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A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip. r r
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enough to make Way for the hind ones, the Toes of thefe come againft the large Nerves CHAP,
before, that lie between the Knee and the Back of the Fetlock, and ftrike them with great j£t~Li Violence : But as the Blow does not break the Skin, nothing at firft appears ; only in the Evening, or the next Day, the Horfe grows lame, without your knowing the Caufe of it. You muft examine him therefore all over, drawing your Hand firft from the Joint of the Knees downwards, and taking up the Nerve with your Fingers, in order to feel it all the Way. If he fuddenly matches away his Foot, imagine you have found the Seat of his Diforder, and that it is a Nerve-Shoe, or Blow on the Nerve. This is no trifling Hurt j for if the Horfe be not prefently blooded, but the Cafe at firft negle&ed, it becomes very difficult to cure. But if you difcover it foon, proceed as follows. Take Spirit of Turpentine, and Wine Vinegar; of each alike ; beat them together; theft
take a large Piece of Spunge, flit it almoft through in the Middle, and having dipped it in the Compofition, apply it to the Nerve, covering it quite from Top to Bottom. Then take an Ox's or Cow's Bladder, and bind it over the Spunge with a Linen Swathe. Let this remain twenty-four Hours, and then repeat the fame Dreffing three Times, on three fubfequent Days, taking care never to bind the Nerve too hard. This will quite remove the otherwife dangerous Malady. Another Remedy.
You muft {have off all the Hair along the Nerve, and then rub it well with a Wifp of
Straw, in order to heat it. Then apply fonie of the following Ointment. Take Black Hellebore-, Euphorbium, and Spanijh Flies, each 2 Ounces ; Oil of Bays,
4 Ounces. Powder the dry Drugs, and mix them with the Oil for an Ointment ; which apply to the whole Nerve, but moft plentifully where the Hurt was received. Repeat the fame Dreffing twice in one Day, which will draw out a red Humour -, and then con- tinue to ufe it once a Day near a Week longer, by which Time the Nerve will look red, as if it were raw. You muft not be furprifed at this, becaufe both Skin and Hair will come again as before : And if this Ointment be well applied, and the Horfe left three Weeks or a Month in the Stable without ftirring, his Leg will look as handfom as ever. This Ointment is alfo good for worn-out or furbated Legs, the Nerves of which are
hard and (welled : But if thofe Diforders are of long (landing, and the Nerves are entirely fpoiled, the fhorteft way is to give the Fire, making fix Lines on each Side the Nerve, and three on each Side of the Part that furrounds the Fetlock, and one in the Middle ; that is, ten Lines on each Side. This is the only certain Remedy, if the Fire be well given, for wounded, or worn-out Nerves. But I muft inform you, that always, before you give the Fire to a Horfe, you muft let him reft three Weeks or a Month in the Stable ; and during that Time you muft prepare the Leg, with good Fomentations of Marlh-Mal- lows, for the Operation. Three or four Days before you perform it, cleanfe the Leg from all Filth with Water and Soap -, for though the Fomentations fupple the Nerves, they al- ways leave a Dirt behind them. As many Perfons will not confent to give the Fire, for fear of disfiguring their Horfe, and becaufe all who pretend to it are not capable of this Operation, the Reader may find here a great Number of Remedies, which I have tried niyfelf, in order to avoid performing it. A Remedy for the Nerves.
Rub your Horfe's Legs all over with your Hand, in order to warm his Neryes : Then
bleed him in the Bow-vein, and rub his Legs again with his own Blood. Afterwards ufe the following Compofition. p Tzke Black Pitch, Black Rofin, Burgundy Pitch, Venice Turpentine, Oil of Bays, Bean
Flower, Rofe Leaves, Camomile Flowers, Cyprus Nuts, Dragons Blood^ powdered, each 2 Ounces : Boil the Whole a Quarter of an Hour, over a gentle Fire, in three Quarts or Wine, and with this rub the Nerves twice a Day, for fifteen or twenty Days following, in which time you will fee them perfectly cured. A Receipt for ruined Nerves.
Take Oil of Bays, Common Honey, Turpentine, Bole Armenie, Black Soap, Mutton Suet,
each 2 Ounces : Put the Whole in a Pipkin, and boil it a Quarter of an Hour over a gen- tle Fire, ftirring it all the while. Apply this to the Nerves moderately warm, with lew |
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5 6 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP, and a proper Bandage ; and repeat it till the Swelling goes dowri. Then, to perfect the
^J^lj Cure, have recourfe to the following Fomentation.
Take Rofe Leaves, Camomile Flowers, Green Anife, Green Sage, Pomegranate Bark,
Wormwood, Gall Nuts, each 2 Ounces ; Roch Alum, White Vitriol, each 1 Ounce : Re- duce the Whole to a Powder, and put it into a Kettle with about a Pail-full of Rain or River Water, which boil to half the Quantity. Then, with a Sponge, bathe the Nerves and Legs of the Horfe, twice a Day, till he is perfectly and manifeftly well. A Remedy for fwelled Legs.
There often happens a Sort of Swelling in the Legs of Hunting-Horfes, by a Thorn that
runs into them in the Chace. This Swelling ufually appears after the Fall of the Leaf. When you feel with your Hand that the Nerves are fwelled, and that the Swelling is occa- sioned by a Thorn, make ufe of the following Remedies. Take equal Quantities of White-Wine and Oil of Nuts, and boil them over a gentle Fire
in an earthen Pipkin, till it is reduced to half. Rub the fwelled Legs with this againft the Hair, twice a Day, the whole Length of the Nerves. The Hair of the Leg will all come off ; but it will grow again, and the Leg be as found and handfom, as if it had never been difordered. The Horfe, during the Courfe, mould have a whole Month's reft. Another.
Take Oil? of Olives, and Lees of Red Wine, of each alike j mix and beat them well
together, to reduce them into an unctuous Subftance, with which rub the Horfe's Legs Night and Morning. A Remedy for a Horfe that has got Thorns in Hunting-
Take the Skin of an Adder, and apply it upon the Place where there appears to be a
Thorn, and at the End of three or four Days the Thorn will come out, without any other Remedy. But if Thorns have been long in the Legs of a Horfe, and are got in far, after the Application of the Adder-Skin, ufe the following Ointment. Take Goof e Greafe, 1 Pound ; Burgundy Pitch, Gum Elemi, each 6 Ounces ; Yellow
Wax, 4 Ounces ; White Sage Leaves, 1 Handful : Boil the Whole together till it comes tO an Ointment, With which rub the fwelled Legs. Then heat a Peel red-hot, and hold
it to the Legali round, to make the Ointment penetrate ; but not too near, as the Far-
riers commonly do ; becaufe that contracts the Nerves, and makes the Remedy worfe than the Difeafe. You need apply this Ointment but once in two Days ; and if the Applica- tion is made with Judgment, it will produce wonderful Effects, How to make an Ointment to fortify relaxed Nerves.
Take Mallow-roots well pounded, and fteep them eight Days in a Pail of Water ; then
add two Pounds of Flour of Linfeed, and boil the Whole together over a gentle Fire till it becomes like a Hafty-pudding. Strain it warm through a coarfe Towel, and fqueeze out all you can : Then add a Pound of Oil of Olives, and keep it ftirring till quite cold, and of the Confidence of an Ointment. Keep this in a Pot clofe covered, and rub the Legs with it once a Day till they are cured ; which will be very foon. A Remedy for the Mallenders and Sallenders.
Take Comfrey and Lead Ore, of each 4 Ounces \ Honey, half a Pound : Put them to-
gether in a varnifhed Pipkin, and melt them over a gentle Fire, ftirring all the while, and continuing to do fo when the Compofition is taken off, till it is quite cold. Put fome of this once a Day upon the Mallenders or Sallenders ; but take care to cleanfe the Wounds before you apply it. There is no Bandage wanting : Only put it on with your Finger, or a Spatula. CHAP. LV.
A Blow between the Fetlock and the Heel.
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HESE Blows are received in the fame Manner as thofe on the Nerve before de-
ferred : The only Difference is, that the Seat of the one is higher than that of |
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the
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip.
the other. The Seat of tha Blow we are now fpeaking "of, is between the Fetlock and
the Heel of the Fore-feet. As this is a very fenfible Part, fuch Accidents are often dan* gerous. The Nerves, which contribute to the Motion of the Joint, run along juft in this Place; that is, there are here a great Number of fmall Veffels, Veins and Arteries, which) upon every rude Knock they receive, may lame a Horfe. To know when a Horfe is hurt here, draw your Hand along the large Nerve, pinching
it as you proceed. If you find no Senfibility there, carry your Hand to the Joint that is between the Fetlock and the Heel ; and if you have then hit upon the Part, the Horfe will catch away his Foot. Having found what ails him, begin the Cure with the fame Remedies that are prefcribed for a Blow on the Nerve, when there is no Wound. If the Blow be upon the Heel itfelf, and the Skin be a little broke, you have only to warn the Part with warm Wine, and a fmall matter of Sugar melted in it ; putting over it a little Tow and a Bandage. On the Deficiency of Wine and Sugar, wafh the Wound with Urine $ for with ever fo little Dreffing, if you keep the Air from it, it will heal. Spirit of Turpentine will do very well in this Cafe > or, if you are in the Country, the Juice of the Herbs Arfe-fmart, Celandine, or Nettles, either of the three. If you can get none of thefe, take only a little Cannon Powder, fill the Wound with it, and let it off-, re- peating this three or four Times, till all the Infide of the Wound is burned, as if you had made it with a hot Iron; and then drefs it with Urine, Tow, and a Bandage. If the Sore through Negligence is fuffered to grow very bad, you muft drefs it with a Digeftive made in the following manner. A Digeftive.
Take 4 Ounces of Venice Turpentine, and 2 Yolks of Eggs -, rub them together in a
Mortar very well, and put a Spoonful or lefs of Brandy, and mix the whole for an Oint- ment. If there be proud Flefh, ftrew it over with burnt Alum, or rub it with blue Vi- triol or Lapis Infernalis, or ufe any one of the Compofitions mentioned in this Book for that Purpofe. Some Diforders, to which we give other Names, are occafioned by thefe Blows - and
among others, what the French call Javarts, that is, Swellings in the Pattern, are often owing to it, though they fometimes proceed from natural Caufes. I (hall fpeak of the three Sorts of thefe in their Order. CHAP. LVI.
A fimple Javart, or Core in the ? aft em.
AS nothing fhould be undertaken in Medicine before the Confequence of it is known,
I fhall firft give the Idea of a Javart. It is a Humour that comes behind the Fet- lock, above the Heel, and obliges a Horfe to limp extremely. There appears from the firft a fmall Swelling, which is very fenfible to the Touch ; and the fooner you can bring it to Suppuration the better, in order to difcharge the foul Matter : For no fooner is he rid of that, but the Horfe finds himfelf relieved ; whereas if it continues there long, he runs a great Rifque of his Life. Inftead of fimple, it then becomes a nervous Javart, which is no eafy Thing to cure. But I proceed with the fimple Sort, which may be cured by the following Remedies. A Remedy for a fimple Javart.
Take the fame Drugs that are ufed to bring the Glands to Suppuration, in a Horfe that
has the Strangles ; or, in the Room of them, Lily-Roots roafted in Wood-Embers j put them into a Mortar, with fuch Oil as you can get (Rape or Linfeed Oil are the beft) and reduce the Whole to an Ointment, which apply upon the Javart. It will foon draw out the Matter ; and then heal it like another Wound. Another Way of curing it.
Before you undertake to cure a Javart, you muft carefully examine the Conftitution
and Temperament of your Horfe. If he is over-charged with Humours, you muft purge him for fome Time to turn them from that Part. |
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CHAR How to make a Plaijier to draw the Matter out of a Javart.
Take four Ounces of Hogs Lard, and melt it in a Fire-Shovel : Then take four Ounces
of Honey, and boil it up fuddenly : Then add 2 Ounces of Bean-Flour, and fet the whole over the Fire, furring it till it comes to a pappy Confidence : Add afterwards three Yolks of Eggs, and when the whole is well incorporated together, fpread it upon Tow, and apply it to the Tumours. Renew this Dreffing every twelve Hours, till the Matter is dis- charged: Then put a Tent of Tow, covered with a good Suppurative, into the Hole, to draw out all that remains. When nothing more comes, put a little powdered Alum round your Tent, to keep down the proud Flefh: After which you may drefs it with any Thing proper for Healing of Wounds ; but take great Care to keep the Air from it as much as poffible. Having hinted that there are feveral Sorts of Javarts, I now proceed to another Species.
Horny "Javarts.
Though all thefe Swellings proceed from much the fame Caufes, there may be this Dif-
ference obferved between them. The fimple Javart comes only in the Joint between the Heels and the hind Part of the Fetlock : The horny Sort comes nearly in the fame Place ; but the Hole forms itfelf between the Heel and the horny Crown of the Foot. Many Horfes have been loft by this Accident, either through Negligence, or through leaving the Wound too long expofed to the Air in dreffing, or through the Omifiion of their neceffary Scourings. The beft Remedies, at fuch Times, are found ineffectual ; and even Horfes that have not died of it, have been fix Months, or fometimes a Year under Cure. To prevent thefe Accidents, take Leeks, Heads and Greens together ; chop them to Pieces, and beat them up in a Mortar, with Muftard and Hog's Lard, the fame Quantity of each as of Leeks. Make a Plaifter and apply it to the Javart, in order to bring it to a Head, and draw out the Matter : Then heal the Wound with drying Powders, taking great care to keep out the Air. If the Javart be of long ftanding, take EfTence of Turpentine, and Succotrine Aloes, both
pulverized ; mix with them Sugar, and make a Sort of red Tincture to drefs the Wound with till it is well. If the Horfe has had it fix Months or a Year, and proud Fleih grows over the Horn, you muft cut off as much of it as poffible, with an Incifion-Knife, and then give the Fire to the Part, making Lines from Top to Bottom over all the Swelling, from the Hair quite to the Horn. This will fearch the Wound, and fetch down the proud Flefh which you could not cut off. It is indeed the only Way to do it, and will fucceed when all the Drugs of an Apothecary's Shop are found infufficient. The Operation of the Biftoury and the Fire being over, apply to the Wound a Plaifter
made in the following Manner, and continue to renew it for ten or twelve fubfequent Days. Take Honey and Venice-Turpentine, an equal Quantity of each ; beat them well toge-
ther, and apply this Compofition to the Wound, leaving it there, under a good Bandage, three whole Days: Then repeat the Dreffing and continue it each Time as long. If you perceive any proud Flefh to arife, fprinkle on it a little burnt Alum, and drefs it with the fame Plaifter, only adding a fmall Quantity of EfTence of Turpentine. You muft always keep the Hoof greafed with Foot-Ointment, to preferve the Crown from contracting ; and if, through the Length of the Diftemper, the Crown fhould be ftraitened or diminifhed, make Lines upon it with your Fire-Knives all round, drawing them from Top to Bottom. If the Contraction be extreme, without Hefitation unfole the Horfe, and fplit his Frog, to enlarge his Foot. You muft drefs the Sole with Turpentine a little warm, nourifhing the Hoof well with Foot-Ointment ; the Receipt for which, and Manner of unfoiing, you will find at the End of this Book. Another Remedy.
Take Hog's Lard, and a Quarter of the fame Weight of fine Bafket Salt ; mix them to-
gether, and leave them on the Sore twenty-four Hours : Repeat the fame till the Matter is difcharged, and then any Ointment will effecl a Cure. How to know a nervous Javart.
This comes juft in the middle of the Joint, between the Heel and the Back of the Fet- lock. If it be taken in hand at the firft, the Cure is eafy \ but if you wait till an Ulcer is
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A Genera! Syftem of Horfe manjhip. 59
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is formed, a fmall Filander will at the fame Time grow to the Nerve, and be very diffi- CHAP,
cult to cure. The Reafon is, becaufe you muft not ufe violent Remedies, for fear of LV1I, hurting the Nerve ; and Medicines that are foft only nourifh the Filander. After the LIX ' common Applications therefore for other Javarts, you may have recourfe to good Digeftives, v- and inftead of Brandy ufe Spirit of Turpentine, mixing with it Powder of calcined Alum, more or lefs as the Occafion requires. When the Filander difappears, complete the Cure with a Difettive only.
B CHAP. LVII.
For a Prick in a Horfè s Foot.
THIS Diforder is eafy enough to be known, and therefore requires no Defcription.
If the Hurt be frefli received, make the Hole as large as you can in pulling out the Nail and drefs it with Spirit of Turpentine covered with Tow. If the Horfe is ftai lame at the End of twenty-four Hours, repeat the fame Dreffing ; and fo continue to re- new it daily till he is well. For want of Spirit of Turpentine, you may ufe the Foot- Ointment, melting fome of it into the Hole. For an old F rich you may mah a TinBure of Succotrine Aloes in this Manner.
Take Succotrine Aloes, fine Sugar, each half an Ounce ; Oil of Turpentine, 3 Ounces :
Mix them well, and apply. If there is a Filander at the Bottom of the Hole, which you cannot get off, put upon it a little powdered Sublimate, and the Tinclure over that Ob- ferve always to put a good Defenfative round the Crown for fear the Inflammation ihoud throw any Matter upon it, which might fever the Foot from the Hoof, and confequently would fpoil the Horfe. Nothing mould be more regarded than this, nor than keeping the Hoof always fupple, as before defcribed. Another Remedy for an old Prick.
Steep Roman Vitriol in Brandy till you make it quite blue, and put of this once a
Day upPon the Hole till it is well. This Liquor will keep a long Time, and IS good for all Wounds, where there is any Foulnefs. CHAP. LVIII.
A Halter-caft.
WHAT we call a Halter-caft, is when a Horfe entangles his Leg, or his Pattern,
either behind or before, in the Rein of his Halter. This Accident is ufually moft violent when it happens to a hind Leg. The Horfe, thus hampered, flings about, and cuts himfelf in the Joint between the Pattern and the Fetlock If the Wound is recent, how great foever it may be, provided no Nerve be cut that is
efl'ential to the Motion of the Joint, nor any Vein, the Danger is but trifling, and a Cure may be erMed by only raw Yolks of Eggs, fattened on with a Bandage, and renewed every twenty-four Hours. In {lighter Cafes, you need only apply the Egg with your Fin- ger, Night and Morning. But if the Nerves or Veins have been damaged, there muft be a good Digeftive to heal them, and great Care to keep out all Air. The fame Digeftive, or even fome of the Remedies piefcribed for Javarts after they are opened, may ferve in the following Cafe. CHAP. LIX.
Scratches or Chaps. HORSES are more fubjed to this Diforder in Winter than in ^'j^JS
Skins are then more tender, and they are obliged to work & ^ater, ce> * , half frozen, which often makes the Skin break behind the ]o^ 'T*^**fVl
Fafterns fometirnes higher and now and then upon the Fetloc^ * no. j^ ^ rons Cafe in itfelf, but exceedingly troublefom upon a Journey^ > > ^ ^
your Horfe clofe in the Stable, and preferve the Scratches '^ £ ^ the foUowing
him, with any affwaging Remedy whatever. » '8^ OT fl^d have recourfe to many Accident, which demands much more Attention, ana cu* ƒ CHAP, Remedies fet down in the Article of Javarts.
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6 o A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP. LX.
Mules.
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CHAP.
LX, LXL |
MULES, or tranverfe Mules, very much refemble Scratches, being Clefts athwart
the Skin behind the Fetlock. They happen oftner in the hind Legs than in the fore, |
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and are known from Scratches by a kind of whitifh Matter, fomewhat like muddy Water,
that iffues out of them. The fame may indeed be found fometimes in Scratches ; but then they never go deeper than the Skin, whereas Mules are much deeper j for if you take a Straw, and probe one of them, you will find it go in above two Fingers Thickneis without forcing, the Orifice entering between the Bones and the Joint. While this Wound is under Cure, the Horfe rauft never go out of the Stable, not even to the Farrier's to be dreffed ; becaufe the Joint fuffers much in walking, and the Cleft grows bigger, which takes away the Effect of the beft Remedies. Ufe the fame Remedies here as in Swell-ngs on the Pafterns, or Javarts, and efpecially the Tincture of Aloes and Spirit of Turpentine: And be fure to put over the Tincture a good Defenfative, to prevent any Inflammation that might otherwife come ; and to faften it with a Bandage five or fix Times double, to hinder any Motion of the Fetlock. You may complete the Cure with a Digeffcive. CHAP. LXI.
Maltlongs or Maltworms.
THIS is moli commonly a Humour inherent in the Hcvrfe's Nature, and it's Seat is
on the Fore-part of the Foot above the Crown ; that is, under the Front of the Fetlock. It appears in a Sort of itching Scab, about an Inch in diameter, which makes the Hair come off of the Part ; and the Matter that comes from it is very ftinking, and troublefom to the Horfe. Many Perfons fpeak of it as a trifle, but kw know how to cure it. There is indeed Occafion to have recourfe here to a Cauftic, in order to fetch off the fcabby Excrefcence, which is, in faci:, a kind of proud Fletti not eafily eradicated. Neither the Incifion-Knife, nor any other fharp Instrument, is half fo effectual to this End, as the Cauftics prefcribed in the prefent Treatife. ^£ Having got off a Scab about as big as half a Nut, if no more proud Flefh appears, ye
may drefs it like any common Wound. This Difeafe feldom happens to Saddle-Horfes, but only to large Draught-Cattle, th
are loaded with Hair, and confequently full of Humours- unlefs any Saddle-Horfe w brought up, or is fed on fat marmy Grounds. If the Maltlong be neglected, it cauj another and worfe Accident, which is what we call a Cloven or Ox's Foot. The Matt running down from the Maltlong, between the Foot and the Horn, occafions the Hoof to cleave in the Middle, upon the Fore-part. Defcription of the Maltlong.
This Diftemper comes, as we have faid, upon the Crown of a Horfe's Foot that works
in Mud. It often difunites the Horn from the Foot, and fometimes makes the Hoof fall off. This Difeafe appears more in fome Seafons than in others ; for it breaks out afrem when the Corn begins to fprout and is in Flower : At all other Times you fee only a little Scab, as I before called it, which gives the Horfe no Trouble. Your Dealers and Jockeys take the favourable Seafons to fell off their Horfes that have it, and only tell their Chapmen, that it is a Blow which the Horfe gave himfelf by Accident, and that it is merely owing to the Negligence of a Farrier, or Hoftler, that it is not yet well. The Deception however appears, when the fatal Seafon comes again. A Remedy for the Maltlong.
If the foregoing Remedy, though very good, did not fucceed, give the Fire in the fol-
lowing Manner. You muft have the fame Sort of Knives that were before defcribed, in the Article of Windgalls, and having heated them, cut the Maltlong through in the Mid- dle, defcending towards the Hoof, and make two other parallel Lines, one on each Side : Then apply the following Compofition. |
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Take
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip. 61
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Take Turpentine, Honey, Black Roftn, each 2 Ounces ; Roch Alum powdered, 1 Ounce: C H A P.
Mix the whole together, and melt them in a Pipkin to an Ointment, with which drefs the J25 Wound immediately, and repeat the Dreffing every twenty-four Hours for eight or ten fuc- ceffive Days. Every Time you drefs it, have ready a little warm Wine, with Sugar melted in it, for a Fomentation ; and when the Wound is ready to heal, burn an old Shoe or two, and mix the Allies with Brandy to bathe and dry it ; or ypu muft dry it up with calcined Alum, or a little digeftive Ointment, till the Skin and Hair come again as before. CHAP. LXII.
Of a Cloven or Oxs Foot.
WHEN a Horfe has his Feet cleft in two, from the Crown down to the Toe, it is
very difficult to join the two Parts again : This is therefore a very bad Cafe. The beft Way to proceed, is firft to cover all the Horn of the Foot with Foot-Ointment, and fill the Infide of the Hoof with the fame, in order to foften the Horn. You muft repeat it three or four Days running. Then take a Cobler's Awl, about the Size of a Needle to mend Stockings with, and heat it in a Charcoal Fire, which you muft have ftanding by you. Pierce both Sides of the Horn very tenderly, in three or four Places, fo that the Holes may meet exa&ly ; which muft be a Work of Time, becaufe an Awl will not long keep hot. Then put a brafs Wire through each Pair of Holes, and twift the Ends together tight with Pincers, in order to clofe up the Cleft as much as poffible. You muft then have three or four Pieces of Iron, made in the Form of the Letter (S), and faften them on hot between the Ligatures of brafs Wire, which will keep the Hoof firm and clofe. Three or four Weeks or a Month will make the Horn hold together ; but the Horfe ought to be three or four Months before you work him. Mules are very fubjed to this Accident, but with this Difference fromHorfes, that though
the Cleft appears the fame, it is not fo deep, and does not hinder them from working. I would not however advife any one to buy Mules that have it, becaufe in Procefs of Time their Feet may open quite to the Quick; and a Mule as well as a Horfe may lofe his Life by it, if not well treated.
CHAP. LXIII.
Of a Seyme.
WHAT the French call a Seyme proceeds from different Caufes ; as firft, from the
extreme Drinefs of the Foot, when there has not been Care taken to keep the Hoof greafed, and nourished with Foot-Ointment, and fometimes with Cow-dung. It happens chiefly to Horfes that go little abroad, and are taken out in Summer in extreme dry Weather. You fhould always refrefh the Feet therefore on fuch an Occafion. It may proceed, fecondly, from a Bleyme within the Foot, on the Side of the Frog, and which, as it could not make any other Way, cleaves the Horn within, or without near the Heel, proceeding from the Crown to the very Bottom. When the Foot is divided thus on the Side, as in the Ox's Foot it is in the Middle, there often comes out Blood as the Horfe walks or trots. Different Perfons treat this Diftemper in different Manners ; but though I fhall introduce feveral Remedies, I prefer that of giving the Fire, as in the preceding Ar- ticle of cloven Feet ; with this Difference only, that there is no need here of the brafs Wire, the Iron SS being fufficient to clofe up this Cleft. If the Operation be well per- formed, and the Foot afterwards well anointed with Foot-Ointment, the Diforder will never return, and the Horn will grow ftronger and harder in thofe Places than it ever was before. You are firft, as I faid in the other Article, to prepare the Hoof for two or three Days with Foot-Ointment, and then to apply three or four hot SS acrofs the Cleft, one under another. If you can then excufe your Horfe a Month or fix Weeks from working, you will foon fee him perfedly well, and in no Danger of the fame Accident for the future. But if you are obliged to work fuch a Horfe within a Fortnight after you have given him
the Fire, you muft have the Corner of the Shoe cut off on that Side where the Diforder was, fo that that Quarter of the Heel may not bear upon any Thing ; becaufe otherwife the Cleft might open again, and all you have done be to no Purpofe. The Shoe to be ufed in this Cafe, and that wants one of it's Branches, is called by fome a half Spe&acle, and by others a half Slipper.
1 R A^uarterz
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A General Syflem of Horfemanfhip.
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c H A p A Quarter-Seyme.
LXIV. ^e Seyme, as has been faid, comes on the fore, and never on the hind Feet. It often
makes a new Quarter, and then we call it a Quarter-Seyme. It proceeds from the Altera- tion and Drinefs of the Hoof, and is known only by the Horfe's Limping, and having his Hoof cleft from the Top of the Crown to the Bottom of all, either on the Out-fide, or the in. It caufes very great Pain, and often happens to Horfes of the Manage, who never go in the Wet as well as to thofe who are confined long in the Stable* The Hoofs of all thefe therefore fhould be often fuppled with Foot-Ointment, and the Infide filled, from time to time, with Clay or Cow-Dung. A Remedy.
Dip a Pledget of Cotton in Spirits of Wine, and lay it along the Cleft of the Seyme ;
then put over it the following Plaifter, made of new Wax and Ointment of Poplar Buds, the fame Quantity of each, melted together. The Spirit will unite the Horn, and the Plaifter will take away the Inflammation. Put on a frefh Plaifter every twenty-four Hours, and the Seyme will foon heal, and the Horfe be well enough to work. Another Remedy.
Take two large Adders, throw away their Heads and their Tails, becaufe they are poifo-
nous; then cut them in Slices, and put them into an Earthen Pot, with a Pound of Oil of Olives i clofe up the Pot well, and put it into a Kettle-full of Water, but fo as that not any may get into the Pot : Boil it till what is in the Pot is reduced to an un&uous Confiftence, and ufe this Ointment every Day upon the Seyme till it is well, which will not be very long. Another.
Cleanfe the Seyme well by wafhing it with warm Water, and afterwards with Brandy :
Sprinkle upon it Orpiment in Powder, and over that the Yolk of an Egg boiled hard : Then bind up the Foot, and keep it two Days without opening. You will fcarce be able to fee, at the End of that Time, that there was any Seyme. Thefe are excellent good Remedies when you want to fell aHorfe j but if you would keep him, the fureft Way is to give the Fire. CHAP. LXIV.
Of a Bleyme.
TO know when there is a Bleyme, you muft unmoe the difordered Horfe, and pare
his Foot very neatly. Upon one of the inner Quarters, near the Frog, you will fee a red Spot, like corrupted Blood, which will fometimes bleed with the very Paring. This is a Sign that the Bleyme is very violent, and let fuch a Horfe work ever fo little, efpecially if it be in Summer, he becomes lame: But keep him fome Time idle in the Stable, and he will not limp, unlefs he has been newly fhod. Few old Horfes are fubjed to this Accident : Nor is the Cafe very dangerous, when vifible as here defcribed : But when it is fo forward, that you can hardly fee it, and has no Room outwardly, you muft divide the Side of the Hoof, agreeably to what was before faid. Many Farriers pretend to cure a Seyme by paring the Hoof, and digging it down with their Buttrefs ; applying afterwards certain Remedies to prevent an Inflammation that may enfue. I own that a Horfe, after this Ceremony, may feem to be relieved for the prefent ; but when he has continued fome Time without being fhod, he begins to limp again ; and let him work ever fo little, the Bleyme is as bad as before. There have been People fo ignorant as to unfole a Horfe in this Cafe, without operating on the Seat of the Bleyme ; but in fuch a Horfe too the Bleyme foon grows as violent as ever : Whereas the following Remedy is infallible, and will make a perfed Cure. A Remedy for a Bleyme.
Take Cow-Dung, Pork-Fat, Turpentine, and Rofm, of each half a Pound; a Quarter
of a Pound of Linfeed, and half a Pint of Oil, of any Sort you can get ; melt the Whole together in a Pot, and apply fome of this Compofition, as warm as he can bear it, to the Horfe's Foot, binding it on with Tow and Splinters. Repeat this every twenty-four Hours i till
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A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip. 63
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till the Horfe limps no longer, which probably may be twelve Days or a Fortnight. You CHAP,
will then never fee any more of the Bleyme. LXV. Another.
When you have pared the Horfe's Foot as deep as you can, efpecially juft in the Seat of
the Bleyme ; melt Sealing Wax upon it three or four Days running, applying after each Time fome of the above Compofition. The latter, but not the Wax, muft be continued till the Horfe limps no longer. This Method is equally good with the former, and either of them will fometimes do when the other fails. The more lame a Horfe is after this Operation, the more certain you may be that his Diforder will never return. If they both fail, for Want of Skill or Experience in him that ufes them, the fhorteft Way is to unfole the Horfe, and drefs the Bleyme according to the preceding Directions. How to un/ole a Horfe for a Bleyme, or any other Accident.
Before you attempt to unfole a Horfe, you muft prepare his Foot welly by foftening his
Hoof with Foot-Ointment. Then, in order for the Operation, take a Cord about half as thick as one's little Finger, and make a Ligature about the Joint between the Foot and the Fetlock, in order to keep back the Blood, that you may fee the Sole the better. Then cut the Sole all round with your Buttrefs ; and when it is quick detached, you may take it off with Eafe. [ This being done, untie the Cord, and let the Blood run about a Quarter of an Hour; after which take up the Foot, and renew the Ligature. Put the Shoe on as before, faftening it well with five or fix Nails, and then wafh the Infide of the Foot with Salt and Vinegar, or Salt and Brandy ; or, for want of either, with frefh human Urine^ Apply afterwards Honey and Rofin, an equal Quantity of each, melted together with a fmall Piece of Lime, filling the Foot with Tow, bound on with Splinters, to keep down the Sole ; but take care you do not hurt it by binding them too tight. You muft put alfo a Defenfative round the Crown, for fear the Humours mould fly thither. You may make it as follows. A Defenfative to be ufed when a Horfe's Soles are drawn.
Chimney Wood-Soot two Pounds ; Turpentine, Pitch, and Honey, each half a Pound ;
melt the whole together in a Pot, and then add about a Quart of Vinegar, in which fix Yolks of Eggs have been beat up. Apply fome of this Compofition upon Tow frefh every twenty-four Hours, continuing it for eight or ten Days ; and after that you need drefs the Sole only with Turpentine and Tow, till it is hard and firm, which will be perhaps in twenty or twenty-five Days : But be careful, when you leave off the Defenfative, to keep the Hoof well fuppled with Foot-Ointment, that the Horn may never be dry till the Cure is effected. As there are other Accidents befides Bleymes that may make a Horfe lame, and do him
a great deal of Damage, efpecially if he be fat and full of Humours, (though nothing per- haps may appear, on Account of the fine Make of the Body and Legs) I proceed to give fuch Prefcriptions, as may be of general Ufe for their Cure. |
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CHAP. LXV.
JVew Frogs, or Frufhes.
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T often happens that a Horfe full of Humours has a new Frog, which many People
call a corrupted Frog, becaufe in changing the Horn that encompaffes it it corrupts in |
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iuch a Manner, as to ooze out a ftinking Moifture, and by Degrees it all rots away. It
a Horfe is not blooded, in proportion to the Humours that affed him, there comes an- other great Diforder; and out of a hundred Farriers, fcarce fix can be found that know how to cure it. This is called a Thread, or by the French Crapeau, and may be known and cured by the following Directions. A Remedy for drying off corrupted Frogs.
Take Roch Alum, Green and White Copperas, Verdigreafe, all finely powdered, of
each % Ounces: Infufe them cold twenty-four Hours in a Pot, with a Quart of Wine. Vinegar j
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64 A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip,
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C HA P. Vinegar ; and with a Piece of Cotton, or a Sponge, dipped in this Infulion, wafh the
kXVI> Fj-ufhes twice every Day. When you have not the above Drugs, take fome of the Aqua Fortis which a Goldfmith
has ufed to whiten his Work, and ufe it alone in the fame manner as the foregoing Com- pofition. You may have it for aiking for, becaufe the Workmen always then throw it away, as having loft it's Strength. Another Remedy for a new, or corrupted Frog,
Take Aqua Infernalis, and ufe it in the fame manner as the two preceding Liquors,
only not fo often. The manner of making this Water here follows. Aqua Infemails.
Take Verdigreafe, Spanijh Flies, each 1 Ounce ; Venetian Cerufs, 2 Ounces : Powder
the whole, and put it to a Bottle of Brandy and a Pint of Vinegar. Boil this in a Pipkin, over a gentle Fire, till it is half wafted, and then ufe it on Occafion. CHAP. LXVI.
Incajiellated, or narrow Heels,
MANY Perfons make no Difference between incaftellated Heels, and Heels that are
clofed up. : The latter may happen to the beft of Horfes, and is often occafioned by the Fault of a Farrier, who knows how neither to pare nor to govern a Horfe's Foot • For a Horfe that has the fineft Feet in the World may have his Heels clofed up in four or five Times fhoeing, when the Farrier, by an injudicious Application of the Shoe, takes away- all the Force of that Part. We will treat therefore in the firft Place of thefe clofe Heels, and then of thofe that are incaftellated ; they being quite different the one from the other. When a Horfe has his Heels clofed, you muft begin the Cure by foftening his Horn all
over, every Day, with Foot-Ointment. Put a Bandage about it, which you may make with three or four Lifts of Cloth fewed together, in order to render them as broad as the Hoof. You muft likewife put to it Cow-Dung, Night and Morning, and continue both for eight Days. Then let the Horfe be unfhod, and his Feet well pared, without divid- ing the Frufhe from the Heel; which is a great Error, though moft Farriers ufuallyprac- tife it, in hopes, by that Means, to enlarge the Heel ; becaufe moft Authors, who have
treated of this Diforder, have fpoke of Opening the Heels, without telling how it ought
to be done. Having proceeded thus far, before you put on the Shoe, let three Lines be made on each Side of the Foot, with a proper Inftrument, from the Crown down to the Bottom of the Hoof, at the Diftance of about a Finger's Thicknefs from one another, Cut them almoft to the Quick, and then put on a Shoe made in the following Manner. It muft be very thick within, and very thin without; 1 mean, in the Branches; that fo
if the Heels bear upon the Shoe, the Horn may Aide under the Branch without, in pro- portion as it grows. As foon as the Lines are made, apply to them all fome of your Foot- Ointment, and rub with it all round the Hoof. Continue to proceed thus for two or three Shoeings, allowing about a Month or fix Weeks between each ; and by thefe Means you will reftore the Feet. Many objedt againft the Length of this Procefs ; but the Horn of a Horfe's Foot does not grow fo faft as a Man's Beard. If it be a fine Horfe, worth the La- bour and Expence, you need not grudge the Time allowed to make him as good as before. CHAP. LXVII.
Of Incajiellated Feet.
I Muft firft inform you what is meant by an incaftellated Foot, that you may diftinguim.
it from a narrow, or clofe Heel, before you undertake the Cure. An Incaftellation feldom comes but upon fine Horfes, as thofe of Spain, Italy, Portu- gal^ and Barbary^ or upon fuch as are brought up in high Grounds, that are dry and moun- tainous. Such Horfes are liable to have their Feet very hollow, with fmall and narrow Frogs; which, though it be a good Quality in a Horfe, may, like other Things, extend to Excefs. It alfo happens fometimes through the Fault of Farriers, when they hollow the Foot too much, and divide the Frog from the Heel j which by Degrees, and in Courfe 1 of |
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A General Syflem of Horfe manjloip. 6 r
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of Time, occafions the Frog to become fo narrow, and the two Quarters of the Heel tfiCHAP.
join fö clofe, that it is difficult to fee their Separation behind ; fo that, inftead of two Heels, LXVII< there appears to be as it were but one. This is what we call incaftellated Heels. You *" may often fee them in the riding Academies, and among managed Horfes, who are kept long without fhoeing. It frequently happens, that the Riding-Mafters do not perceive it; perhaps through Ignorance, or becanfe they think themfelves above fuch Matters, which they look on as the Farrier's Bufinefs. They trouble themfelves about nothing but teach- ing to ride ; and when they have (hewn you how to manage a Horfe in all his Airs, they perfuade themfelves they are great Men in their way. But when fuch Men are left to them- felves, and have the Charge of conducting any grand Equipage, it makes them mad to be obliged to own they know nothing of the Matter. To proceed to the Cure of an incaftellated Horfe. You mud begin by preparing his
Feet, in order to make them tender, juft as you do in the foregoing Cafe of clofed Heels.
Then have a Shoe made in three Parts, fomething like one that is adapted to all Feet,
which we carry with us upon a Journey, or in time of War, where there is a large Equipage
to conduci: ; but with this Exception, that whereas the Shoe for all Feet opens and fhuts only
in the Middle, this does fo in two Places. The Toe makes one of the three Pieces, and
the two Branches the others. The Piece before muft be punched quadrangularly, in order
to receive four Nails in Form of a Square ; and every Branch muft have two Holes, for
two Nails; which makes eight in the whole. The Figure of this Shoe is in one of the
Plates annexed ; and the Defign of it is to open the Heel every Dreffing, after you have
unfoled the Horfe.
You muft obferve here, that the Frog fhould be flit quite down between the two Heels,
and to the Hair; and this Slit fhould be very deep. Then take a little Tow, and roll or twift it between your Fingers to the Length of the Slit : Dip it in Spirit of Turpentine, and put it to the very Bottom of the Cavity. Afterwards roll up two Parcels of Tow more, but larger than the former ; dip them in Turpentine, made as hot as the Horfe can bear it, and fill up the whole Cleft and the Foot, binding them on with thin Pieces of Iron,
rather than Wood. Obferve that you muft not do this till after the Horfe is /hod, and the Infide of his Foot has been well wafhed with Brandy. This being done, put a finali Iron Pin, or Key, between the two Branches of the Shoe, where there mould be Indentions to receive the Ends of it, and make it keep in. Leave on this firft Drefiing, if it be Win- ter, three Days ; if Summer, only two ; and proceed fo with all the following. Every time that you drefs the Horfe, have ready a Key a little longer, in order to open the Heels farther ; which will be eafily done, provided the Horn be tender. I have one Thing more to obferve, which is, that though you do not take off the Dref-
fing for three Days, you muft apply a good Reftrictive as foon as the Horfe is unfoled, and change it every Day, for three or four Days running. When you take off the Rolls of Tow, to put on frefh, you may ufe the old ones to
wrap about the Heels and the Hoof, efpecially towards the Crown ; continuing this Courfe till the Sole is found and beautiful. At the End of fifteen or twenty Days proceed to the other Foot; for this Accident is always common to both the Fore-feet, but never to the hind. Another Remedy f or an i?icafìellated Horfe.
The Defign of this is for thofe Horfes which are not altogether incaftellated. However,
fuch as are not firr on their Feet muft be prepared for the Operation. For this Purpofe, you mould foften i ieir Feet with the following Ointment. Take Elder Ba? h Pitch, Sweet Oil, Yellow Waxy Mutton Suet, Turpentine, each 2
Ounces : Melt all jgether, and ftrain it through coarfe Linen. Fill with this the Infide of the Horfe's Fo< , and anoint the Hoof all round. Repeat it for fonie Days, and let the Ointment be a ways very hot. When the Feet are well fuppled, you muft pare the Infide of them as much as poffible, and almoft to the Quick. Then open the Frog as far as you can between the Heels, and quite to the Hair. Drefs the Wound with Effence of Turpentine, and afterwards put on the Shoe defcribed in the preceding Article, and ufe the fame Keys. S CHAP.
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66 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP. LXVIIL
A Numbnefs or Stunning of the Hoof.
CHAP.TT often happens that a Horfe hurts himfelf againft fome Stone, or other hard Thing,
LXVIII, and numbs his Foot fo as to make him lame : This is the Cafe I here fpeak of. To
vÌ2^J know it, you muft handle the Feet, and when you find one of them hotter than the
other, you may conclude that in that lies the Pain which makes the Horfe limp. Have
Recourfe then to the following Remedies ; firft caufmg the Foot to be well pared, namely,
a Compofition to put in the Hollow of it, and a Sort of Pultice, to bind round the Crown.
The Compofition for the Infide of the Foot is made with Lees of Wine, putting into it
the Flour of Linfeed, Hogs Lard, Honey and Turpentine, about the fame Quantity of each,
and boiling all together till it is reduced to a Pap, which apply very hot. This is a good
Preparation on almoft every Occafion, and fortifies bad Feet.
A Remedy to put round the Foot of a Horfe, and which may ferve alfo for the Reins of
a Horfe that is hurt in them.
Take Old Hogs Lard, Common Honey, Rofin, Common Turpentine, each four Pounds ;
Sweet Oil, and Lees of Wine, each one Pint ; Pitch and Linfeeds powdered, each one Pound : Reduce what is dry to a Powder, and boil the Whole together to a Sort of a Pap, which apply warm all round the Hoof. Drefs you* Horfe once a Day till his Lamenefs is gone, which will not be long. How to mah the Horns on the Foot become good.
Take Sweet Oil, Yellow Wax, Mutton Suet, Turpentine, each four Ounces : Melt the
whole together, and when you take it off the Fire, keep ftirring till it is cold, and of an un&uous Confidence. With this anoint the Horfe's Feet every Day, keeping them always moift, efpecially towards the Crown, that what grows may be good and firm. You muft not expecl: thofe that are brittle and fpungy to become good all at once ; but in Courfe of Time, by Virtue of this Ointment, you will find them fo. Another Ointment to make the Feet good.
Let your Hcrfe be fhod, as near as you can poflibly, when the Moon is in the Middle
of her Increafe, and then anoint his Feet with the following Ointment. Take frejh Butter, Mafiicl, Gum Galbanum, Fitch, Rofin, Gum Elemi, each two
Ounces ; foak them twenty-four Hours in a Quart of Vinegar ; and add Yellow Wax two Ounces; Sweet Oil, Turpentine, Mutton Suet, Honey, each four Ounces ; Ointment Agrippa, and the Soldiers Oint?nent, or Unguentum Martiatum, each one Ounce. The two laft may be omitted if not eafily to be had at the Apothecary's. Put all together in a Pipkin, over a moderate Fire without Flame, and boil it till all the Vinegar is evaporated : Then pour it in another Veffel, and ft ir it till it is almoft cold. Ufe this as the preceding. CHAP. LXIX.
For a Horfe that is tender-foled.
SOME Horfes feem to have very beautiful well made Feet, and yet are very tender
in the Sole. They cannot walk on ftony or hard Ground, bccaufe every little Matter hurts their Feet, and lames them. The Caufe of this is often looked for in the wrong Place : To know where it is therefore, you need only clap the Palm of your Hand upon the Horfe's Sole, which will itfelf fhew you, by it's extraordinary Heat, where the Pain lies. For this Heat will be much greater in the fore Feet, where the Diforder is, than in the hind. Sometimes in walking over ftony Ground, a fmall Flint gets into the Hollow, and is held by the Branches of the Shoe, fo as to bruife the Sole much. The following Remedy will ferve in both thefe Cafes Take Onions, and pound them well ; add Hog- Dung, Vinegar, Common Salt, ana Oil of Olives, the fame Quantity of each as of Onions; ftew the whole together a full Quarter of an Hour, and let it juft boil up : Then apply it upon the Sole, as hot as the Horfe can bear it. You may drefs him in this Manner every twenty-four Hours, four or five Days running ; and this will harden the Sole, and take away his Lamenefs. For |
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A General Syftem of Horfe manjhip. 6 j
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For a Horfe that has fat and f oft Feet. CHAP.
LXIX,
A Horfe is liable by this Means to become lame, when he is obliged to work upon any Pavement, or ftony Ground. When this happens, you mull: begin by unfhoeing him,
and paring the Infide of his Feet almoft to the Quick. When he is fhod again, apply the following Remedy ; which you muft bind on with Tow and Splinters, and renew it every twenty-four Hours. Take two Pounds of the oldeft and fatten: Bacon, chop and pound it well ; then melt it in a Pipkin, or Stewpan, and ftrain it through a coarfe Cloth; As it comes through, let it run into about a Pint of Brandy, which you have ready for that Purpofe in another Veffel : Beat the Whole well together, and apply fome of it to the Horfe's Feet three or four Days running. This will bring them into good Order, and harden the Soles. A brittle Hoof
There are io many Infirmities that make a Horfe lame, that few People take the Pains
to know what they all proceed from. I have one yet to fpeak of, which is the brittle Hoof. Though the Foot may appear beautiful, and well fliaped, and the Horn good and fmooth, a Horfe may be of little Value on Account of this Defect. It is difficult to be known, at leaft without feeing a Horfe fhoed : But then the Farrier is obliged to ufe very thin Nails, or elfe the Hoof will fly as he drives them. The Shoes alfo muft here be very light; for if you put heavy Shoes on fuch a Horfe, and work him in Mud, or fat heavy Land, or in Roads that are a little frozen, he will be apt to leave his Shoes behind him, and fo much of the Hoofs as held them. When your Dealers have fuch a Horfe, they keep him a long time in the Stable, in order to let the Horn grow afrefh, and then fhoe him with light Shoes, or Shoes almoft worn out, and Nails that are very fmall in the Shank. This Defect, great as it is, may however be remedied in fome Meafure, if you only keep the Horn well greafed with Foot-Ointment, and do not run into the Error of many Coach- men, Farriers and Grooms, in Holland efpecially, who make ufe of Train, that is Whale, Oil and Chimney-Soot, or the Afhes of burnt Straw, to render the Hoofs black and own- ing! If they were to do this to the hind Feet only, the Evil would be but half as bad ; becaufe this Accident never happens but to the fore Feet : But if thefe People are obfti- nately fet upon Having their Horfes Feet all black, let them mix their Soot in the Foot- Ointment, which will be never the worfe, nor lefs nourifhing to the Horn. I own, that if they ufe it often, this Ointment will come dearer than the Train Oil, becaufe the Brufh will fuck up a great deal of it : And on the other Side, if our delicate Coachmen and Grooms were obliged to rub the Hoof with their Hands, it would undoubtedly injure them much, though it would fave the Ointment, becaufe thofe fine Fingers of theirs were not made to be daubed. An Ointm&nt for aM Sorts of Feet.
This Ointment, befides that it keeps well the Feet of Horfes that are already fo, will in
Courfe of Time, if conftantly ufed, make thofe that are bad good and found. Take Yellow Wax, Black Rofn, Burgundy Pitch, Turpentine, Honey, Hog's Lard, Mufr
ton Suet, Sweet Oil, each half a Pound : Boil the whole together in a large Pot over a Char- coal Fire, where there is no Flame, and take care that nothing boils over of thefe com- buftible Ingredients. The whole being well boiled, pour it into earthen Pots, in order to cool for keeping. No Man that keeps Horfes mould be without this, becaufe a Horfe that has bad Feet can be of little Service, till you get them cured. Rats Tails on the Legs.
This Defect is more common on the hind than on the fore Legs, though the latter are
not quite exempt from it. It is thus known : When you fee from the hind Part of the Fetlock, up along the Nerves, a kind of Line or Channel, that feparates the Hair to both fides, this is a Rat's Tail. In Summer, there appears a kind of fmall dry Scab along this Channel, and in Winter there iillies out a ftinking Humidity, like the WTater from the Legs. This Defect is not common to delicate Horfes, who have fcarce any Hair on their Legs, and who have been nourished in dry Pafture, and among Mountains ; but it happens often to fat Coach or Dray Horfes, that have been brought up in ftrong, humid, mar/hy Lands,
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<5g A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip.
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CHAP. Lands, and confequently are fuller of Humours than the others. You muft ufe the fame
LXX, Remejies here as to Horfes that have the Waters. A Horfe may work however, notwith- LXXII landing this Diforder ; becaufe it feldom lames him, at leaft unlefs it be in Winter, when ' he is obliged to work in Mud, Ice, or Snow. It occasions a Stiffnefs in the Legs, and makes them trot like Foxes, almoft without bending their Joints. CHAP. LXX.
Of the Capelet, or Pajfe-Campane.
THIS is a Sort of Tumour which begins at the Hough behind, and defcends along
the Nerve. It is very hard to the Touch, and confifts of a Humour which is foft at firft, but hardens with Time, and forms itfelf into a Callus. While it is yet foft, if you take care to know it, the Cure is eafy with only a Quart of Wine, and as much Urine mixed together, and having a Quarter of a Pound of Salt Armoniac melted in them. Apply fome of this with a Sponge upon the fwelled Part, and bind it on with a Bullock's Bladder, to keep it from evaporating, and a broad Ligature. Repeat this eight or ten fub- fequent Days, and the Capelet will difappear. But if you wait till it is quite hardened, there is nothing but the Fire can cure it ; which muft be given in the following Manner. Make a Line in the Middle, drawing it from the Point of the Hough down the whole
Length ; then make three more on each Side, as you are dire&ed to do round the Fet- lock for Wind-galls. Treat the Horfe afterwards in the fame Manner as in the Article for that Diftemper. Another Remedy for the Capelet.
If the Cafe be recent, you may take Spirit of Turpentine, and Wine Vinegar, an equal
Quantity of each, and beat them up together. Rub in fome of this very hard with your Hand twice every Day, againft the Hair, and continue it till the Horfe is well. For want of Spirit of Turpentine, you may make Ufe of Brandy and a Bit of Soap, with which rub the difordered Part, three Times a Day, till it is well. CHAP. LXXI.
Of the Efperonj or Spur.
THIS Diforder comes juft above the preceding, but feldom makes a Horfe limp:
It disfigures him, and that is all. Your fprightly, gay, ftartlim Horfes are moft fubjecT: to it, becaufe it proceeds from their Skittifhnefs with their hind Legs, when they ftrike the Hough againft a Bar, a Pillar, a Wall, or whatever is in their Way, and by the Violence of the Blow bruife the Part, and make it fwell, fo that it looks like a Bladder full of Wind. If this Hurt be recent, it is eafy to cure with only eight or ten Pails of cold Spring Water, bathing the Tumour well and often with a large Sponge. This will foon diffipate it, and may be entirely depended on, fimple as it is, provided the Hurt be frefh, and there is no Neglect, in making the Application. A more inveterate Spur may be cured with the fame Remedies as the Capelet, if you take away every Thing he can hit himfelf againft in his Gambols. If the Diforder has been of a Year's ftanding, or more, you muft open the Swelling
with your Fire-Iron, clafping the Skin faft in your Hand, to keep the Iron from touching the Bone of the Hough. Having pierced it, a red Water will come out. You muft then drefs the Wound with Tents of Tow, dipped the firft time in warm Wine and Sugar melted in it. Afterwards drefs it every Day with the Tents in the fame Form, dipping them in Tinóhire of Succotrine Aloes ; and continue thus till he is well. CHAP. LXX1I.
Relaxed, or extended Nerves.
IT is not uncommon for a Horfe to, relax by a Strain, either when he is at Work, under
any Operation of the Farrier, or at any other Time, the Nerve which goes from the Point of the Hough up the hind Part of the Thigh. This Accident often makes him flop (hort, being no more able to move his Leg, nor to fupport himfelf on it, than if the Bone of his Thigh was broken. A Remedy.
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip. 69
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A Remedy. CHAP.
LXXIII
Take Spirit of Turpentine and Wine Vinegar, the fame Quantity of each, and beat them lxxiv'. up well together: Dip in this two large Sponges, and apply them along the Nerve: Bind '
them on with a good thick Wrapper, a Bullock's Bladder, and a broad Swathe over all.
Repeat this Drefling eight or ten Days running ; and take fpecial Care that the Horfe never
lies down all that Time, nor indeed for a Fortnight or three Weeks longer : For which
Purpofe you muft tie him with four Reins, two to the Rack and two to the Manger ; £0
that he can neither eat nor drink without moving out of his Place. The eight Days being
over, rub the Part on the following Days, to the Number of ten or twelve, with this
Compofition.
Take Oil of Bays, Ointment of Marjhmallows, Ointment of Poplar-Buds, Ointment of
Rofes, Honey, each a Quarter of a Pound. Let the Whole be well mixed together, and
ufed once a Day, which will completely fortify the Nerve. At a Month's End the Hair
will be come again, aod then you may work the Horfe as before.
CHAP. LXXIII.
Diforders in the Haunch.
Horfe is very often lame in the Haunch, but the Difficulty is, to know what that
Lamenefs proceeds from. Almoft every one treats a Horfe that is lame here, as prick'd, or unhaunched: Yet the Caufes of fuch Lamenefs are many and various. Firfl, He may have received a very hard Blow upon either Side of the Croup. When
this is the Cafe, there is no great Danger. Secondly, He may have been {truck upon the Corner of the Haunch, which is over the
Bone of the Joint, and yet nothing be difplaced. This is more to be feared than the other; but a Horfe may be cured of it in a little Time, with good Remedies. In coming out at a Door, and turning too fhort, a Horfe may ftrike the Corner of his
Haunch, and lame himfelf.
He may alfo hit it in the Hip-joint, which is that Joint that appears next to the Flanks, of the fame Height as the Shoulder. This Part is very fenfible, and a Horfe may be lamed
here for a long while, though nothing be put out.
Farriers confound all thefe Accidents with one another, and all Hurts in the Haunch are
with them the fame : They always ignorantly fay, your Horfe is unhaunched, or pricked ; and have recourfe to Remedies that can be of no Effecl. We will treat of the Diflocation of the Haunch after we have gone through the other
Cafes. When you have difcovered the Hurt to be from one of the above Caufes, make the fol-
lowing Compofition. Take Linfeeds, beat or bruifed in a Mortar ; Rojtn, Pitch, 'Turpentine, Sweet Oil, Honey,
each 8 Ounces ; Lees of Wine, a Quart. Boil the Whole gently together a full Quarter of an Hour, and when you take it off the Fire, ftir it till it is of a proper Warmth to be applied to the Part afflicted. Renew the Application twice a Day, and every Time clap over it a Piece of foft Paper, or a Bladder, or a Bit of moiftened Parchment, which will give it the better Effect. The fame Compofition is good for the Reins, for relaxed Nerves, and for tired Legs. If you continue it for ten or twelve Days, you will difcover very manifeft good Effeas : But the Horfe muft not lie down all the while, when you ufe this Remedy.
CHAP. LXXIV,
A f alfe Step.
WH AT we call a falfe Step is a Strain that a Horfe receives by fome violent Wrench,
occasioned by his Foot flipping into a Hole, or by travelling on uneven Ground, or in frofty Weather.
if the Hurt is frelh, it will be the more eafily cured. The belt Way is, immediately
upon his receiving the Strain, or as foon as you can come at any running Water, to lead him in and make him ftand there a full Hour; which will prevent any Lamenefs enhV ■ . ■ T ing. |
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7 o A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP. ing. Repeat this Bathing four or five Times within twenty-four Hours, leaving him as
y^^\ long in the Water each time. This will entirely cure him, without any other Remedy. But if it be an old Hurt, as all the Ligaments of the Joint muft have fuffered, the Cafe may be a long Time in Hand, in fpite of the beft Remedies. There will appear to be very good Reafons for this, if we confider, that as the Legs of a Horfe carry a great Bur- then, they muft be fatigued ; and that moreover he cannot lie down nor rife without much Pain, and many Efforts. It is not the fame with a Man, who keeps his Bed, or carries his Arm in a Sling, for a violent Sprain ; and therefore, as he gives the Part no fatigue, it is foon well, i A Remedy for a f alfe Step. Take Tar arid Rye-Flour, with the fame Quantity of Turpentine, and half as much
Pig's Fat : Mix the Whole together, and ftew them over the Fire to the Confidence of a very thick Pap. When you take it off, add a Gill Glafs of Spirit of Turpentine, and ftir it well in. Apply this, as hot as the Horfe can bear, round his Fetlock, with Tow, a Pig's Bladder, and a good broad Bandage ; for any Thing narrow would make the Nerve above fwell. Repeat the fame Dreffing every Day, till you fee it has it's Effect. The Tow which was ufed firft may ferve a long Time, only putting on a little frefh Pultice when you open it. If you do this Night and Morning, inftead of once a Day, the Horfe will be the fooner cured. When you perceive that the Horfe mends, you may leave off the above Remedy, and
only ufe in it's place Marfh-Mallows Roots, boiled and beat to a Pap. There is no Oc- cafion to apply them warm. Towards the End of the Cure you muft cleanfe the Part with warm Water and Soap, and afterwards take the Horfe out, and give him an eafy Airing, withoyt forcing him to any Thing, for fear of renewing the Strain. You muft ride him to prevent him from leaping, which he might do if led by a Servant. He muft not lie down during the whole Cure, nor ftir out of his Place before this. CHAP. LXXV.
Of the Comò, or Crown-Scab.
THE Crown-Scab is occafioned by Humours that fall upon a Horfe's Feet, round
the Crown, and juft above the Hoof. It fends out a thick Moifture, like muddy Water, which prevents the Hair of the Crown from falling down equally upon the Hoofs, and makes it divide all round like the Teeth of a Comb. This Difeafe never happens to Horfes bred up in dry and hilly Countries, but to thofe only who have been ufed to low and moift Meadow-Grounds. It is very common to Horfes who have abundance of Hair upon their Legs. There is no great Difficulty in curing it; but then you muft not work the Horfe in a large Town, among the Dirt, Rubbilh, and Filth that may clog up the Streets. It may even come again another Winter, after it has been «once cured, though the Horfe has fed ever fo drily, provided his Feet have not been kept very clean. The Remedy is only to cut off the Hair with a Pair of Sciffars, as clofe as you can ; and
then rub all round the Crown, Night and Morning, with black Soap ; and at the End of two Days to warn it with warm Wine : And when the Foot is dry, you muft begin again with the black Soap, and repeat it five or fix Days running, warning the Part every other Day with hot Wine. Thus you will fee the Hair become fmooth, and the Crown-Scab difappear. Another Remedy for the Crown-Scab.
Though it has been faid that this Difeafe happens to Horfes that have much Hair on their
Legs, I do not mean by that, that all Horfes who have much Hair there are fubjecl: to it. It proceeds alfo from fudden Chills, and an ill Management of Horfes when they work in Mud ; and likewife when a Horfe is put up in the Stable, without having his Legs, and even his whole Body well rubbed down ; for this will caufe thofe Humidities to fall down upon the lower Part of the Legs ; and the Filth continuing there, produces fmall Blifters that break, and throw out a Moifture, which between whiles fetches off the Hair, and running down in Channels, makes the Figure of the Teeth of a Comb, as before defcribed. If the foregoing Remedy does not fucceed to your Satisfaction (though it be very good, provided the Horfe be kept clean) make ufe of the following, Take |
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A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip. 71
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Take Unguentum Pompholigos, Unguentum Nutritum, Unguentum Neapolitanum, each CHAR
one Ounce : The Whole being well mixed together, rub with it the Place where the Combs LXXVI- appear, ten or twelve Days running, having firft Ihaved off the Hair. CHAP. LXXVI.
Watery Sores on the Legs.
THIS Defecl happens to Horfes loaded with Hair on their Legs, and fed in fuch Coun-
tries as the preceding. To dtiiinguim them, obferve the lower Part of the Legs, and if you find them fwelled, efpecially thofe behind, between the Fetlock and the Heel, and that there iffues from them a {linking Moifture, conclude this to be the Water in the Legs ; which is often the Fore-runner of the two fubfequent Difeafes, and therefore fhould never be neglected. To flop the Courfè of it, begin by taking fome black Hellebore Root, and fteeping it in Wine Vinegar : Then make an Incifion behind in the upper Part of each Thigh, juft over the Buttock; you muft a little loofen the Skin in thefe Incifions, that there may be Room to put in the Hellebore, to about the Size of one's Finger, and then give a Stitch at each Cleft, to keep it in. Leave it there till it drops out of itfelf, in which Time it will draw away abundance of Matter, and by that Means give a Revulfion to the ill Humours that may defcend. If the Swelling does not diminifih, {have off the Hair all round the Leg, fo far as it extends, and as the Moifture appears, in order to apply the following Remedies. A Remedy for watery Legs.
After having fliaved off the Hair behind the Fetlock, cut the latter acrofs the Spur, and
loofen the Skin from the Flefh on both Sides of the Cleft, that you may gently find a Way to a thin Skin full of Water, in the Shape of a little Bladder, and about as large as the End of one's Finger. Take this away eafily, for fear of hurting the Nerves and Ligaments that hold the Joints of the Fetlock. Then foment the Wound with frefh Urine, and wrap it with a Bandage, and Tow dipped in Spirit of Turpentine, keeping it dofe that no Air may enter. You muft leave on this firft Dreiling thrice twenty-four Hours ; and when you take it off, have another ready to clap on in a Moment, without flaying to look at the Wound, which you muft treat in this Manner till it is quite clofed up. This laft Ope- ration is very good, and cuts off the Communication of ill Humours that may fall upon the Legs : But if you have no Farrier that knows how to perform it delicately, have Re- courfe to the following Remedies. A Remedy for watery Sores.
Take Litharge, 2 Pounds ; Verdigreafe, Green Copperas, Common Alum, White Cop-
peras, Gall-Nuts, each 1 Pound : Reduce the whole to Powder, and fteep it twenty-four Hours in a Gallon of Vinegar : Then with a Sponge dipped in this wain lightly, twice every Day, the Parts which the Water ouzes from, continuing to do fo till the Horfe is well. The Hair muft be here cut off. Another for the fame Dijiemper.
Take Verdigreafe, Gall-Nuts, Green Copperas and White Copperas, all finely powdered,
each two Ounces ; Roch Alum, 1 Ounce ; White-Wine Vinegar, three Bottles : Pound the Drugs, and then boil the Whole in a large earthen Pot. Ufe this every Day, Night and Morning, to foment the Horfe's Legs till they are well. Another Remedy for f cabby Legs.
Take JEthiops Mineral, (made with equal Parts of Sulphur and ^uickfther) 4 Ounces;
Verdigreafe, Roch Alum, Gall-Nuts, Pomegranate Bark, all powdered, each 2 Ounces; Hog's Lard, 1 Pound : Mix the Powders with your Lard cold in a Mortar for an Ointment, which apply to the Scabs. Another for watery or f cabby Legs.
Take Roch Alum, and White Copper-as, a Pound of each ; powder them, and put them
into 2 Gallons of Water, which boil to the Confumption of half. You may keep this Water as long as you pleafe, in order to ufe in the following Manner.
Dip
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72 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
C HA P. Dip a fmall Spunge in it once every Day, and draw it lightly over the Parts that difcharge
LXXVlll'a Humour. If the Graps begin to run, this Water alone is fufficient to cure them. But ' in order to prevent their returning again, when Winter comes on, you muft purge the Horfes that have been attacked with them, and keep their Legs very neat and clean, in order to turn back the Humours : For, without very great Care, you may have Warts at laft come in the Room of Graps, and then you will have much more Trouble to cure your Horfe than before. They are both indeed of the fame Kind$ with this Difference, that the Graps only grow to the Skin, and are fmaller and more numerous; whereas Warts are large, and grow to the Flefli, and fometimes to the Nerves. Thefelaft are the worft Sort of all ; for fome of them fometimes are bigger than Nuts, and are with great Difficulty re- moved, efpecially after they have been long growing. |
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CHAP. LXXVir.
A Remedy for Warts.
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I
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T is needlefs, I believe, to repeat the Rules for diftinguiiliing of Warts: Our Bufinefs
at prefent is to know how to get rid of them. Firft then, you muft rub them every |
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Day with * Lapis Infernalis, and afterwards apply the fame Remedies that are prefcribed
for Graps. Continue the Ufe of the Stone till they quite difappear ; but touch them with it very eaiily, efpecially if they grow to the Nerves, which you may readily difcover. For want of the Lapis Infemails, apply fome of the following Stone pulverifed, and put the Remedies over it. A Stone to eat off Warts, and dead or proud Flejh.
Take Green Copperas, Wine Vinegar; Urine, each i Pound ; put them all into a glazed
earthen Pipkin, and fet them over a gentle Charcoal Fire till the Humidity is quite eva- porated, and the whole becomes dry : Then augment the Fire, till what there remains becomes as hard as a Stone. Take off your Pipkin red-hot, and put it into a Cellar, or fome other cool Place, a whole Night. In that Time the Stone will loofen itfelf from the Pot, and you may ufe it in Powder, as above directed. CHAP. LXXVIII. jjgb ,;
Flejhy Frogs. WHAT we call Flefhy Frogs are never found but on the Fore-feet. It is no fmall
Inconvenience, becaufe every Horfe that has them muff have a large, and confe- quently a very heavy Foot. Such a Horfe fatigues himfelf more than another, and cannot, for that Reafon, do fo much Work as one that is well. The Cafe is known by only tak- ing up a Horfe's Feet and looking at them, to fee if they fpread very much, and if the Frog grows as high as the Shoe. It is this that hinders a Horfe from working upon any Pavement, or rough Ground, becaufe the Frog, by growing fo high, comes to the Ground or Pavement, and is fo bruifed as to make the Creature lame. It is u fu al to fhoe fuch Horfes with large Froft-nails; but that is both a troublefom and expenfive Method, be- caufe they muft be new mod as often as the Nails wear down, or the Lamenefs returns. They who cannot diftinguifh fat Frogs from low Heels are often deceived, and have their Horfes fhod as for the latter Defect. They puzzle themfelves about Opening the Heels, and divide them from the Frogs with their Buttrefs, by which Means they take away the Strength of that Quarter which the Branches of the Shoe ought to bear on, caufe the Heels to clofe up, and make the Horfe lame : Whereas they ought not to feparate the Frog, but rather to fortify and nourifh the Heels with good Foot-Ointment, bound on with Lift. This will make them grow, but not very fuddenly; becaufe, as I faid before, the Horn of a Horfe's Foot is a very hard Subftance. It requires at leaft five or fix Months to reftore Feet that are fpoiled ; and confequently, there muft be full as much Time for Heels that are naturally weak to become ftrong. * The beft and only true Lapis Infernali; is made by evaporating the ftrongeft Soap Lees (called Capital Soap Lees)
in an earthen Pipkin over a gentle Fire, to the Confidence of a Stone. It is then the ftrongeft and fafeft Cauftick yet known. 3 CHAP.
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A General Syflem of Horfemanfhip. 7 3
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CHAP. LXXIX.
Full, or clogged-up Feet.
'HAT we call a full or clogged-up Foot is a capital Defecl, becaufe very difficult CHAP.
to be cured. Nothing can be done for it without great Pains, and what we LXXIX, can do at moft is fo little, that it is hardly worth while to take them. A Horfe in this lxxx? Condition can do very little Service } not being proper either for the Saddle, or for draw- ing upon the Stones. He can be ufeful only at Plough, and that too muft be in very light Ground.
The Way of fhoeing him is with vaulted Shoes, that he may bear only on the Edge of
the Horn ; and to keep this good, you muft rub it often with Foot-Ointment, from the Crown down to the Bottom : Otherwife the Horn will break, after which there can be no Pofììbility of fattening a Shoe to it ; and indeed the Shoe is then worth more than the Horfe. CHAP. LXXX.
Circled Feet.
Circled Feet are very eafy to be known. They are when you fee little Excrefcencies
round the Hoof, which enclofe the Foot, and appear like fo many fmall Circles. Dealers who have fuch Horfes never fail to rafp round their Hoofs, in order to make them fmooth ; and to conceal the Rafping, when they are to fhew them for Sale, they black the Hoofs all over ; for without that one may eafily perceive what has been done, and the feeing the Mark of the Rafp is a Proof that any Horfe is fubje<a to this Accident. As to the Caufes of it, in fome it proceeds from the Remains of an old Difternper ; in others, from their having been foundered, and the Difeafe cured without any Care taken of the Feet ; whereupon the Circulation of the Blood not being regularly made, efpecially round the Crown, between the Hair and the Horn, the Part lofes it's Nourifhment, and contra&s or enlarges itfelf in Proportion as the Horfe is worked. If thefe Circles were only on the Surface, our Jockies Method of rafping them down would even then be good for nothingr But they form themfelves alfo within the Feet as well as without, and confequently prefs on the fenfible Part, and make a Horfe limp with ever fo little Labour. One may com- pare a Horfe in this Condition to a Man that has Corns on his Feet, and yet is obliged to walk a long Way in Shoes that are too tight and ftubborn. A Horfe therefore is worth a great deal lefs on this Account ; notwithstanding that one may in Time, by continued daily Application of the Foot-Ointment, bring him a little to himfelf : But this muft be a Work of Time indeed, becaufe his Feet muft be quite changed before they can be good ; which, with all the Care you can take, they will hardly be in lefs than ten or twelve Months. You may work him however eafily in the mean while, obferving always, when you put him up, to cleanfe the Infide of his Feet well, and fill them with Cow-Dung fried with Pig's Fat and a little Vinegar: And even if he does not go out of the Stable, never fail to do this twice or thrice every Week, till the Circles on the Feet are gone. |
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C FI A P. LXXXI.
Battered Soles.
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A
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attered Sole is when a Horfe that has pretty flat Feet lofes a Shoe, and travels fot
fome Time without it; or when he gets a Stone in his Foot, which is kept in by |
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the Shoe, and walks upon it till it bruifes the Part. If this Stone continues there long,
and vou are obliged to pull it out, you are certain what made your Horfe lame : But when it drops out of itfelf, fome ignorant Perfons look for the Caufe of their Horfe's Lame- nefs when that Caufe no longer exifts. The beft Way therefore, is to get him inftantly unfhod, and have his Feet pared : After that examine them well, by ftnkmg gently with a Farrier's Hammer all round, to fee if he has been any where pricked in Shoeing. If you do not find any Thing thus, take up the Foot again, and prels it all round 'gradually with Pincers, obferving if he no where winces, and catches away his Foot. Even this may not be fufficient to find the Caufe o^ his Malady : You muft next take the Hammer tWfore, and ftrike him on the Sole, and if he fhews then any Signs of Pain, you may Inert U know |
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74 A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip.
C H A P. know what the Grievance proceeds from. In order to remedy it, you muft apply fome
lxxSi' kea^ng Compofition ; or fill the Foot Night and Morning with Cow-Dung, fried with " Hog's Lard and a little Vinegar. This, with Reft and Time, will certainly cure it. CHAP. LXXXII.
"The Bone-Spavin.
WHEN the Bone-Spavin happens to a Horfe in one Leg only, it makes him lame;
but when it feizes both, either behind or before, he does not limp at all. His Joints however are not free, and confequently he cannot be fure-footed. The Motion of the Joint between the Hoof and the Fetlock being impeded, it can be of no great Ser- vice : And when the Diforder is alike in both Legs, and the Horfe is not lame, many People are ignorant how that Joint is formed, and what ufe it is of in walking. They buy fuch Horfes without knowing them, and are not convinced of their Error till it is too late. You fhould examine a Horfe thoroughly therefore before you buy him, and in particular fee if all the Joints of his Fore-Legs move with equal Freedom. Moft Horfes that have the Bone-Spavin are very apt to ftart when you go to take up their Legs, and will hardly let you touch them with your Hand. Examine them well therefore with your Eye, and fee if between the Fetlock and the Crown the Leg defcends even and fmooth ; for if you fee any Protuberance between the Fle£h and the Skin, that looks like a Sort of Knot or Ker- nel, you have found the Defect. If the Tumour be yet foft, it will be the more eafily cured ; but in time it grows very hard and callous, and confequently very obftinate. A Man that has cured twenty of thefe in his Life-time, cannot fairly promife for the twenty- firft ; for the Leg perhaps may be never the better, after all the good Treatment in the World. But if you have the good Fortune to take it in Hand at firft, before the Swell- ing is grown hard, you muft fhave off the Hair upon it, and apply, once every Day, fome of the ftrong Ointment, which you will find in the Article of Blows on the Nerve. Continue this for about a Fortnight ; after which, apply Marfhmallows Root, well boiled and pounded, and continue it alfo, once a Day, for a Fortnight or three Weeks longer, faftening it on with a Bandage. One muft not expect, however, that this Method will cureTin old Bone-Spavin ; for that you muft unfole your Horfe, as the Farriers know how; and the Sole being raifed, bleed him in the Foot, and then drefs the Sole with Turpen- tine a little warm, and bind it faft down with Tow and Splinters. The Foot being drefled, give him the Goofe-foot Fire; that is, draw a Line upon the Middle of the Joint, from before the Fetlock to the Fore-part of the Crown ; and then draw three others on each Side, encircling the Joint with them all round as they defcend. The Fire fhould be given more fiercely here than for Windgalls : But the firft Line fhould not be fo ftrong as the others, becaufe it ferves only for a Guide to make the others by. When you have given the Fire according to Art, in the Manner here fet down, you have room to hope the Dif- order will go away, and the Horfe become pretty free in the Joints: But you ought not to expect as much Service from him as if he had never had any Defedi : He may be fit for fhort Excurfions, by way of Pleafure, but not for any long Journey. CHAP. LXXXIII.
Spavins, or Blood-Spavins.
SPAV INS may come upon all Sorts of Horfes ; but fome are more fubject to them
than others, according to their Natures and Habits. As there are three Sorts of Spa- vins therefore, I fhall fhew what kind of Horfes are moft liable to each particular Species. Dry Spavins happen moft frequently upon flender delicate Horfes, fuch as thofe of Spain, Italy, Portugal, Barbary, and Arabia ; or upon thofe that are ufed to run in dry moun- tainous Grounds. They may come alfo by Defcent ; for if a Stone Horfe has the Spavin, out of twenty Mares he fhall cover, nineteen will have Spavin-Foals. One ought to be very cautious, therefore, what Horfe we make ufe of to breed from. Though the dry Spavin be a capital Defect, yet when a Horfe has it equally on both
Sides, and is put to the Manage, provided he falls into the Hands of a good Mafter, and who has the Patience to put him well on the Haunches, this Horfe will be more fprightly than any other, and more agreeable to the Sight, as both his Hams will beat exactly alike.
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A Ge ne pal Syflem of Horfemanjloip. yc
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alike. But, whatever good Air he may have, it is impoffible he mould be fit for the Field, CHAR
and that for many Reafons. Firh1, fuch a Horfe never goes fo fwift, and yet gallops much L^™^J harder than any others ; fo that an ancient Man, or one of a weak Conftitution, cannot " long bear the Fatigue he muft give him in his Loins. Even in Pacing, or Trotting, he lifts up his hind Legs fo high, and brings them down fo haftily, and then catches them up again, as if he trod on Thorns, that there is no bearing it. When a Horfe has the Spavin but on one Leg, it is a very difagreeable thing. You cannot take too much Care therefore, as I faid before, of the Houghs of delicate Horfes ; and when a Swelling ever fo fmall appears upon the Flat of the lower Part of the Hough within fide, though the Horfe may not limp, you ought to be apprehenflve that in time, and with a little Labour, the Spavin will increafe on him. The fecond Kind is called the fat Spavin, which comes almoft in the fame Place as the
other, but is larger. It is raoft incident to Horfes that have been bred in fat marfhy Lands: And this kind, foon orlate, lames a Horfe, if regard be not had to him at the be- ginning. When it happens to two oppofite Legs, the Horfe does not limp any more than in the former ; but then he is good for little, and the Effects of this Spavin are different from that of the other : For whereas in that the Horfe lifts his Feet very high, and bends his Houghs with Violence ; in this, on the contrary, he bends his Houghs with Pain, and confequently is very unfit for the Manage, as well as for the Field. If a Horfe has this Spavin but in one Leg, and works ever fo little, he will certainly
limp ; and thofe who are unacquainted with Spavins, look for the Caufe of it in his Feet or Haunches : But, that no Man may be deceived, the Seat of each of the three Kinds is marked in the Plates. The third Kind is called the Ox Spavin, and is the worft of them all three. It will
admit however of a Cure, as well as the others. A Remedy for Spavins.
Take five or fix Bits of Houfe-Tile, rub them round, to about the Size of a Crown-
Piece, and make them red-hot ; then having thrown the Horfe, and rubbed the Spavin well with a Stick, made on purpofe, or the Handle of a Hammer, take the Tile-Sherds out of the Fire with Pincers -, put them into a Linen-cloth that has been dipped in Vinegar, and apply them to the Part, leaving them there fome time. When they are a little cool, heat them again, and put them in the fame Cloth as before ; and thus apply them fuc- cefllvely, till the Hair comes off with ever fo little pulling, as if the Part had been fcalded. All this being done, let the Horfe alone till the Efchar falls off the burnt Place : Then rub it with a Pomatum, made of Hog's Lard and Honey, till the Hair comes again. Another Remedy for Spavins.
Though the preceding Remedy has very often fucceeded, this which follows is as much
to be depended on. It is a ftrong Unguent, which is fit for all Sorts of hard Swellings and Callofities that we want to get rid of. How to make the Strong Ointment,
Take Euphorbium, Corroflve Sublimate, black Hellebore, Spanim-Flies, and crude
Mercury, of each one Ounce ; Flowers of Sulphur, two Ounces; Oil of Bays, fix Ounces : The Drugs being all pulverized, kill the Mercury in the Flowers of Sulphur, till you can fee none of it : Then mix the whole in the Oil of Bays, and make an Ointment, with which anoint the Spavin, or any other hard Protuberance, that you have a mind to diffipate. (You may fave the trouble of mixing the Mercury and Sulphur, by buying three Ounces of JEthiops Mineral). Ufe it once a Day, the Hair being firft fhaved off, for three Days fucceffively. I" tnat time an Efchar will fall off; and then you may drefs the Part with the fame Pomatum as is prefcribed in the preceding Article. Another Remedy for Spavins.
I could infert many Remedies for Spavins, which would be fuccefsful : But the beft way
of all is, to give the Fire, when you can get a Farrier that underftands his Bufinefs. In order to this, he muft throw the Horfe, and then rub the Humour with his Stick, or Ham- mer-handle : |
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j 6 A General Syftem of' Horfe manjhip.
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C H A P. mer-handle : Then let him draw a Line with the hot Iron or Fire-Knife defcribed in the
LXXXV P^ate' He mu^ ta^e *lis Str°ke downwards, through the Middle of the Spavin ; and then L / make three more Lines on each fide. But the Operator mould have a light Hand, and not cut quite through the Skin, though he draws the Knife feveral times over each Line. He muft never let the Knife pafs upwards, againft the Hair, but always downwards. Af- ter the feven Lines, make four Holes with your Fire-Iron, and put in each a Pellet of black Pitch, which you muft melt with your Iron. You will fee the Manner of doing all this in one of the Plates. After having given the Fire, put Ink upon all the Lines, and continue this Application for ten fuccefiive Days. Afterwards make ufe of the Oint- ment for Burns, that has been already prefcribed, and continue it till the Skin is quite united. Every Horfe that has had the Fire given him, for Spavins, Swellings in the Hough, or Windgalls, ought to be kept three or four Months without Work ; and if poffible to avoid it, never perform this Operation in Summer, efpecially when the Flies are plenty. Neither muft you do it at the very time that the Horfe limps, becaufe then he will never be cured. Let him reft a Fortnight, or three Weeks. The beft Way' is to give the Fire as foon as you perceive the Spavin, without waiting till the Horfe is lame. Thofe who are no Judges of Spavins, often deceive themfelves ; for as foon as the Horfe
has refted a little, his Lamenefs is over, which was owing only to his Work. There is yet another Sort of Spavin, below the Hough, and on the Outfide ; whereas the true Spa- vins come within. The fame Remedies are equally good for the Jardon, which is a cal- lous Tumour near the fame Part. CHAP. LXXXIV.
Varices.
THESE are Swellings that come withinfide the Hough, very near the Seat of the
Sallenders, in a certain Void that may be feen in that Place, where there paffes a large Vein, which defcends from the Flat of the Thigh to the Bottom of the Leg. Varices proceed from the violent Extenfion of this Vein, which forms a Sort of Knot, about as big as a Filbert; and which by degrees grows as large as a Tennis-Ball. It moves when you touch it, and feems not to be fixed 5 fo that one might take it for a Bowl between the Flefh and the Skin. To cure this, you muft cut the Vein above and below the Hough. Preparatory to this,
you muft make a Ligature at top and at bottom, to keep back the Blood : Then make the Incifion between the Ligatures, and afterwards difengage the Tumour from the Flefh. If a Farrier dares not undertake this Operation, though very eafy, and without Danger, let him take a hot Iron, pointed at the End, and pierce the Middle of the Swelling, tak- ing Care not to touch any Part of the Joint of the Hough. At the Bottom of the Orifice let him put fome little Pieces of Corrofive Sublimate,. and fill it up with Sulphur or Pitch: Then, with the Point of the burning Iron, let him melt thefe Ingredients, that the Subli- mate may produce it's Effect, and corrupt this fuperfluous Flefh, which will confequently die away. You may then drefs it like any common Wound. C FI A P. LXXXV.
A Veffwon,
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t a AHERE are two Sorts of thefe: The firft is called a fimple Veiììgon ; the fecond,
a windy Vefligon, which is the moft dangerous. It is a fmall Skin, which is found in the Middle of the Flat of the Hough, and which, being now fwelled, forms a Bag of red Humour, that in time makes a Horfe lame. All Horfes have this Skin, but they are not all fubjeci: to have it filled in this Manner. The fooner you take the Cure of a Vefli- gon in Hand, the better. The fimple Vefligon appears without the Ham, and the other within. If you fqueeze
it with the Hand on one Side, it rebounds to the other. This Diforder, when recent, is eafy to cure ; but if you let it get ever fo little head, it becomes a difficult Cafe. In fome Horfes, it is the Effect of too much Fatigue ; in others, of a violent Strain. The
latter Sort, how large foever it may be, is moft eafy to cure. As foon as you perceive it, take about a Quart of Wine Vinegar, and the fame Quantity of Urine ; mix them together, and
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3
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip. 77
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and difiblve in them a Quartern of Sal Armoniac, cold. With a Sponge dipped in this CHAP.
Composition wafh both Sides of the Hough feven or eight times a Day, and continue toL3 do fo for about a Fortnight, in which time the Swelling will ufually go away. That this Remedy may be the more efficacious, it is proper to have two Sponges, and dip them in the fame Compofition, applying one on each Side, and putting over them a Pig's or other Bladder, with a good Comprefs of Linen Cloth all round the Hough, fewed on clofe, that nothing may come out. Bind down the W7hole with Lift, but not too tight ; for Farriers often make their Bandages fo tight, as to fwell the Nerves, and lame the Horfe ; and then they lay the blame of their ill Succefs on the Medicines, without reflecting that they themfelves are the Caufe of it. If the Remedy does not fucceed, it is a Sign the Cafe is of longer ftanding than was imagined : And when that appears ufe the following. Take about two Quarts of Spirit of Wine, in which diflblve half a Pound of Camphire,
and ufe it in the fame manner as the former, and about the fame time. If neither of thefe has any Effetì, which would be fomething extraordinary, you muft abfolutely give the Fire on both Sides the Hough, in the fame manner defcribed in one of the Plates, under the Name of Fern-Fire. If a Man expeÖs to fucceed in this, and to get Reputation by what he does, he muft
never give the Fire, either for the Vefiigon, the Spavin, the Curve, or the Windgall at any time but about Autumn, when the Flies difappear -, and let the Horfe be kept all the Winter in the Stable, without going ever abroad. Even in the next Spring you muft take him out only in the Morning early, to walk him through the dewy Grafs, or green Corn. Having done this for fome Months, you may be affured that no Accident will ever hap- pen in the Place where the Fire was given. I remember to have feen my deceafed Father, as I elfewhere took notice, perform this
Operation by way of Precaution to Horfes for Lewis XIV's own riding j and have prac- tifed it a long while my ^ with Succefs, without any Accident, even to Horfes whofe Legs feemed quite ruined ; and they have done nine or ten Years Service afterwards. For a Mare, or a Gelding, inftead of keeping them in the Stable, during the Spring, thefliorteft Way is to put them to Grafs ; but a Stone-Horfe, if he be not kept in the Stable, muft be in a Clofe by himfelf, and walked in the Morning as before direcled. It is trifling to objea the great Expence of keeping fo long : For if the Creature becomes ufeful after- wards, that Expence will not be regretted. The grand Point is, to have the Fire well given : I have never known fix Perfons able to do it to Perfection, though every Country Farrier thinks himfelf fo. A Farrier, I infift on it, cannot have a light Hand, and con- fequently cannot ufe his Tools with Delicacy. If he makes his Knives too hot, he cuts the Skin quite through ; if not hot enough, he tears it. He muft have feven or eight of them, to change as they cool, and not heat them in the Forge, but in a Charcoal Fire. It fignifies nothing to tie a Horfe for this Operation. You muft abfolutely throw him down, as if you were going to geld him. After having given the Fire, there muft be Ink put on every Line for nine fucceflive Days, In which time the Efchar will fall off. You muft mollify the Wound with Ointment of Marfli-Mallo ws, or Ointment of Rofes, every Day, till the Skins reunite. This may take up five or fix Weeks. The Method of giving the Fire comes from the Arabians', who do it in almoft all Cafes;
and a hundred Years ago it was quite unknown to us. They give it with Golden Knives, and formerly in France it was done with Silver. I have ufed thefe myklf; but lately, Experience has convinced me that Steel Knives are as good. CHAP. LXXXVI.
The Curb.
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1
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"^HIS Accident may happen in different Manners; as from the Vefligon, of which
we have treated. A Horfe often receives a Strain in Working, or by flipping his |
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Foot in a Hole, or in marfliy Ground, out of which he pulls it with Pain, and by that
Means wrenches his Hough, without diflocating any thing : Yet the Creature may be lamed, without fpeedy Care. The Ligaments of the Hough being ftretched, caufe a trreat Inflammation within ; the Hough fwells from the Middle, the Seat of the Vefligon, tö the Bottom, where Spavins and Varices appear ; and if it be not fpeedily cured, it be- comes incurable; at leaft without giving the Fire, which is the only Remedy; and that X too
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7S 'A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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C H A P. too may fail in a very inveterate Cafe : But at the Beginning, you need only ufe the fame
I2EJI5 Remedies, that are proper for Veffigons, which having in part diffipated the Tumour, make it more eafy to bar the Vein, both above and below the Hough. In order to bar a Vein, you muft throw the Horfe : Then look for the Vein that pro-
ceeds from the Thigh along the Leg and the Joint of the Hough, within fide : Make an Incifion in it with a Biftoury or Penknife ; but firft, with a light Hand, open the Skin, and with a wild Goat's Horn, or fome other like Thing, difengage it from the Skin and the Flefhj between which it runs. When you have got the Horn under it, take a Piece of waxed Silk, or fine Cooler's End, and bind the Vein tight, that it may not bleed too much. Afterwards make another Opening above the Hough, and do the fame as below: Then cut the Vein in two between thefe Ligatures, and with a Bit of cleft Stick, about three or four Inches long, take fall hold of the End of it, and by turning the Stick gra- dually you will pull it out. Suppofing it be a young Horfe, there is no great damage if the Vein breaks, becaufe of the Ligatures above and below. It is needlefs to ufe any other Medicine in dreffing the Wounds than Salt Butter, applied Night and Morning. Let there be at leaft an Ounce of Salt, powdered very fine, to a Quartern of Butter ; and this will do more good than all the Ointments you can get. If by chance an End of the Vein remains, or any Impurity enters the Wound, that may
caufe an Inflammation, you muft ufe Ointment of Marfh-Mallows, or a Bath made of the Roots of that Herb, twice every Day. For want of both, Lees of Wine and Hog's Lard may ferve the turn. Put about half a Pound of Lard to two Quarts of the Lees, and boil them well together, ftirring afterwards till it is cold. With this rub the Swelling twice every Day. If the Curb be new, it will certainly be foon cured. Moft Farriers perform this Operation for the Spavin ; but Experience fhows their Igno-
rance in fo doing, becaufe the Spavin has nothing to do with this Vein. It may be ufeful however for Varices. There are others who perform the fame Operation for watery Sores, or Humours which fall down the Legs. I own my felf to have fallen into this Error, which I have now abandoned, fince I have acquired a perfect Knowledge of the feveral Farts of a Horfe. It is true that in barring a Vein for the Waters, fome open it before it is bound, and draw
out a great deal of Blood ; after that they tie it above and below the Orifice, and cut'it be- low the two Ligatures. This will relieve the Horfe for fome time ; but as the Arteries carry the Blood down, and it cannot afcend again as ufual, it produces a greater abundance of Hu- mours than before. For this Reafon I by no Means approve of their Manner of Operation. CHAP. LXXXVII.
General Remedies.
AFTER having taught the Knowledge of many Difeafes and Accidents, it is proper
I mould infert fome necefTary general Remedies, according to the Nature of each Diforder, and the Convenience of thofe who have the Care of a great Number of Horfes. For Example, a Horfe that eats and drinks well, and yet does not thrive, or one who by any Means is hindered from eating and drinking as ufual, fhould have the following Re- medy given him. A Purge.
Every one ought to know that the moft gentle Purge is fometimes dangerous, and kills
a Horfe, if he be not prepared for taking it fome Days before. Many ignorant Perfons, when they fee a Horfe's Dung in fmall Balls, black and dry, and feeming even to be mixed with Blood, are of Opinion that he is burnt up within, and therefore ought to be purged. Becaufe they may have purged two or three fuch without Preparation, and by chance fuc- ceeded, they imagine they muft ftill go on in the fame Track ; and when there happens any Accident to a Horfe, or they kill him by their Medicines, they infift on the Juftnefs of what they have done, and attribute the Misfortune to fome other Caufe. When a Horfe is heated, and the Balls of his Dung are clofe and hard, you muft debar
him of Oats, and only give him, for two or three Days running, Bran and warm Water. If he can bear Honey, you may put a little of that with the Mafh. The Evening before you purge him, adminifter to him a laxative Glifter, for which you will find a Receipt in i this
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A Gemmi Syftem of Horfe manjhip. 79
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this Book. The next Morning, after he has faffed five or fix Hours, give him the follow-C H A P«
ing Pills, and let him faft as long after he has taken them. You may repeat all this again L^S in two or three Days, for it will never do any harm. Purging Pills.
Take Succotrine Aloes, in Powder ; the coarfe Sort of Manna, and Honey, of each two
Ounces ; Salt Prunel, powdered, half an Ounce. If the Horfe be ftrong, half an Ounce more of Manna may be added. Mix the Whole together, and make it up into Pills of the Size of a Chefnut, which roll in Liquorice Powder, and let him fwallow them one after another. Give him a fmall Glafs of Wine after each, and when he has taken them all, leave him to himfelf. If you purge him for any Giddinefs of the Head, or Defluxion in the Eyes, add half an Ounce or an Ounce of powdered Agarici, in Proportion to the Horfe's Strength. The next Day, at the fame Hour that you give him the Pills, if they òo not yet work, take him out of the Stable, and walk or trot him till the Medicine begins to take effe61 : Then put him up again, and cover him warm. You muff offer him no- thing but warm Water, with Bran and Honey if he will take it. Let him have a good Mafh of this five or fix Hours after the Purge begins to operate. Another Way of purging a Horfe.
As all Purges are not alike, you muff, know the Diftemper of a Horfe before you purge
him. There are fome Purges to cleanfe the Inteftines ; others for Pains of the Head, and others to purify the Mafs of Blood ; whether in the Farcy, the Itch, the Reds, or any other Foulnefs. Having had the Precaution to prepare your Horfe, as before directed, and even blooded him, if there appear to be need of it, a Day or two before, let him take the following.
Take 6 Ounces of JEthiops Mineral, (which you may make yourfelf with 2 Ounces of
^uickfiher, and 4 Ounces of Flowers of Sulphur, rubbing them in a Mortar till the ^uick- filver is quite killed) half an Ounce of Salt Pru?iel in Powder, and a Quartern of Frefh Butter; make this into 8 Pills, roll them in Liquorice Powder, and give them as the pre- cedine-. This Purge is very good to cleanfe away all Corruption, and kill the Worms in the Body of a Horfe : But if his Lungs are ever Co little damaged, it will haften his Death, which is no great Matter, becaufe he is not in a Condition to do any more Service, and fo the fooner he goes the better. It is quite otherwife with Mankind, who may be ufeful on Earth after they are touched with a Confumption, as well for the Management of their Families, as for civil Society. How to make Liver of Antimony.
Take 4 Pounds of common Salt Petre, and 5 Pounds of Antimony : Beat them fepa-
rately to a coarfe Powder ; then mix them, and put them both in a large Iron Mortar, or Pot. A Copper or Brafs Veffel is not fit for the Purpofe. Set it on fire with a Piece of Charcoal, and get out of the way as foon as you can ; for the Wind and Smoke may take away a Man's Senfes, and fuffocate him. You muft let this cool four or five Hours in the open Air, and then turn up the Mortar on a Linen Cloth, to receive all that falls out of itfelf. The Liver of Antimony will remain at Bottom, and the Drofs at Top, on the Sid( |
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an<
L
the Prefcriptions Si feveral Places of this Book. The Dofe of it fingly is an Ounce Morn-
ing and Evening, mixed with the Horfe's Oats, or Bran ; and let thefe be a little wet,^ that the Antimony may flick to them. The Dofe may ferve in Glifters, in the room of Salt Prunel. You may make alfo an Emetic Wine, to be given in the Draughts where fuch Wine is mentioned as an Ingredient, if you get four Pounds, or four Pounds and a half of Liver of Antimony from the Whole, you are very well off. How to male the Crocus Metallorum.
Crocus Metallorum is made in the fame Manner as Liver of Antimony. The only
Difference is, that in the Crocus the two Ingredients (Salt Petre and Antimony) are in
equal
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8 o A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip.
CHAP, equal Quantities. It is proper for the fame Purpofe, but the Liver of Antimony is the moft
LS^t falutary. The Dofe of the Crocus is half an Ounce Morning and Evening, given as before. A Glijler for a Loofenefs.
Take a Gallon of Emetic Wine, and boil in it twenty or thirty Acorns, dried and pow-
dered. When they are well boiled, let this Composition ftand till it is of a proper Warmth to be adminiftered : Then add a Quart of Sweet Oil to mollify the Bowels. One Glifter of this will not be fufficient ; you rauft repeat it twice a Day for two or three Days running. You may alfo make a Draught with a Bottle of Emetic Wine, and a Dozen of Scorns in Powder. Two Days after let him take an Ounce of Monks Rhubarb, otherwife called Raponti, which will be as effectual as the true Eaftern Rhubarb. Another, for a Horfe that has taken a Purge, which has not worked.
, Take Leaves of Mar/h- Mallows and common Mallows, Pelli tory of the Wall or Gar-
den Night-Shade ; or, for want of both Lettuce or Succory, or fome of the Cajfta Decoc- tion fold at the Apothecaries : You may boil any of thefe Herbs with his Bran, or mix the Decoction with his Bran and Water ; and having ftrained the Whole, add two Ounces of Double Catholicon, a Quartern of Sweet Oil, and an Ounce of Salt Prunel. If this firft Glifter does not move the Purge, repeat it five or fix Hours after, adding two Ounces more of Catholicon. Another refrejhing Glifler.
Take Leaves of common Mallows, Marfo-Mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Violets Let-
tuce, the Herb Mercury, of each two Handfuls ; Anife and Fennel Seeds bruifed, of each two Ounces $ boil the whole together in Water, and then ftrain and give it the Horfe. After he has discharged it, take him out, and trot him till he begins to fweat, and then put him up in the Stable and cover him clofe, to prevent his catching cold. His Sweat being over, if you are under a Neceffity of it, you may ride him ten or twelve Miles the fame Day ; but ftop him a little between whiles, and at every Place give him a Mouth- ful of Hay : If he eats it, you may conclude him out of Danger. This Glifter is good for the Gripes, if you give a Quart of it at a Time, in the Form of a Draught. Another.
If it be in the Summer, you may make the following. Take Leaves of Lettuce, Pur-
Jlain, and Succory, (or for want of that, Pifs-a-beds) Groundfel, Garden Night-Shade, Bete, Mallows and Mar/h-Mallows, of each an equal Quantity ; boil them well, and ftrain the Decoction, and let each Glifter confift of a Gallon. You muft diflblve in it two Ounces of Double Catholicon, an Ounce of Salt Prunel, half a Pound of Honey, and add half a Pound of Sweet Oil. The Whole being well mixed, if you have not a Syringe large enough, make ufe of a Bullock's Bladder, with a Joint of Reed, or Elder with the Pith out, of about a Foot long. Fill the Bladder with a Funnel ; but before you inject the Glifter, run your Hand up the Horfe's Fundament, and empty his great Gut, taking care jiot to fcratch him with your Nails, which might prove mortal. If you cannot get the abovementioned Herbs, make a Decoction of Barley, or Rye Flour, and add to it the other Ingredients. How to make the Cordial and Univerfal Powder.
This Powder may be kept as long as you pleafe, provided you put it in a Glafs VefTel,
or a Bladder, and let no Moifture come near it. Every military Farrier, who has the Charge of a Number of Horfes, ought to have it always by him, becaufe it is good fo almoft all Diftempers. It is for this Reafon that we call it the Univerfal Powder. Prefcription.
Take Bay Berries, Juniper Berries ripe, the Seeds of Fennel, Anife, Fenugreek, Skir-
ret, Angelica Root, Gentian Root, Orris Root, Sajfafras Wood, Guaiacum Wood^ Olibanum, Agarici, Monks Rhubarb, dry'd Seville Orange Peel, Leffer Centaury, Leaves and Flowers of Wormwood, Galangals, Long Birthwort Root, and Round Birthwort Root, Leaves of Sage, and Leaves of Rue dry'd in the Shade, Ground-Ivy and Wild Tanfy, of each a Quarter
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A General Syflem of Horfemanjhip. gr
Quarter of a Pound: Reduce them all to a Powder feparate, and then add Flowers of CHAP.
Sulphur, and Liquorice Powder, of each half a Pound ; mix the whole together, and pafs Ïf2^2" it through a Sieve. You may be certain, if the Mixture be well made, that few Reme- dies are equal to this Powder. The Dofe, for each Time, is from three to four Ounces, according to the Strength of the Horfe ; and add to every Dofe half an Ounce of Salt- Prunel. This Powder may be given at all Times, either in the Morning or the After- noon: And if you are obliged to continue a Journey, you need apprehend no bad Con- fequences from it, becaufe it tends to fortify the Horfe. Another Medicine to fortify a Horfe that is ready to e aft, or whofe Appetite is palled.
Take two or three Ounces of good Venice Treacle, an Ounce of Affa fetida, half an
Ounce of Salt Prunel in Powder : Dilute the Whole in a Quart of Wine, if it be for a fat Horfe; if for a lean one, in a Quart of good old Beer. We have taken Notice, more than once, that a Horfe fhould be kept fome Hours entirely fafting, both before and after taking any Remedy. If you give this in the Morning on a Journey, and the Horfe is hungry in the Afternoon, you may venture to ride him fome Miles further, in Cafe of Neceflity, becaufe the Remedy gives him no Trouble. If you perceive no Change in him at three or four Hours End, repeat the Dofe ; for a Horfe, on account of his prone Pofture, is very difficult to purge. He is alfo hard to vomit, becaufe of the Diftance between his Throat and his Stomach ; but then a Vomit does not ftrain, but only fharpens his Ap- petite. This Remedy is good when you merely fufpeér. any Diforder ; and you never run any Hazard in giving it. How to dye the Hair of a Horfe.
When you have a white Horfe, or a Horfe that has any white Spots, and you are will-
ing to conceal it for a long time ; Take a Pound of Lime, a Pound of Gold Litharge, a Quartern of Caflile Soap cut fmall ; put the Whole into a large Pot, and pour in Rain- Water, by little and little, till the Lime heats and diflblves : Then add more Water, and keep ftirring it with a wooden Ladle. When it comes to the Confiftence of a clear Pap, apply it with Art upon the Hair, in the Places that you want to blacken. Cover it with Paper, or a Linen Rag, and leave the Horfe tied up for fome Hours, till it becomes dry. Then wafh the Part with Water and Soap ; and the more you wafh it, the blacker it will appear. This may be done in any Part where Hair grows, except upon the Nofe, where the Hair is very thin. You muft take Care however that the Compofition does not come to the Skin, for it would certainly fetch it off. To paint the Eye-brows of an old Horfe.
Take two Ounces of Aqua Fortis, diflblve in it half an Ounce of Leaf-Silver, and add
an Ounce of Rofe Water : Lay on this Compofition delicately with a Pencil on the Eye- brows, and take great Care that none of it gets into the Eyes. If they are not ftained the firft Time, you muft repeat it as often as it dries, till it has the EfFecl. If the Horfe be bay, you muft put into the Compofition an Ounce of Umber \ if forrel, an Ounce of Litharge of Gold. To make Hair come again that is fallen off, whether through the Itchy or a Wound, in
what Part foever it be.
Take Ointment of Poplar Buds, and Virgin Honey, an equal Quantity of each ; mix
them well together, and rub with this, twice every Day, the Places that are bare. Con- tinue this for fifteen or twenty Days, in which Time the Hair will grow again as thick and fmooth as if it had never fallen off. Another Way.
Take the Roots of flat Sedge, which grow upon the Borders of ftanding Waters ; and
having cleanfed them well, boil them in Water to a pappy Confiftence, and then add as much Virgin Homy as you can conveniently mix with it. Put fome of this Compofition frefti every Day upon the bald Places ; and if you continue to do thus for fifteen or twenty Days, you will fee the Hair return, Y Ire-
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82 A General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAP. I remember my having ufed this Preparation upon a young Woman who had fcarce
^ÏÏ^IÏ any Eye-brows : I had them fhaved clofe twice every Week, and rubbed the Places well; and at the End of fix Weeks, me was hardly to be known, fo large and beautiful were
her Eye-brows grown.
How to make what we call a Star come on the Forehead of a Horfe.
Take three leaden Pencils, about the Size of a Goofe Quill, and three or four Inches
long : Then take a pointed Iron Inftrument, of the Shape of a Shoemaker's Awl, and fomewhat larger than the Pencils. Run your Inftrument under the Middle of the Horfe's Forehead, between the Flefh and the Skin, bringing the Point out at about five Inches Diftance. Put one of the Pencils into this Hole, leaving both Ends out. Make two more fuch Holes crofs the firft, in fuch Manner as to form a Star with fix Rays, and in- troduce the other two Pencils as the firft. After this, take a Piece of Woollen Yarn, of the Thicknefs of one of the Pencils, and carry it under the Ends of the Pencils, turning it round each, and fo continuing till you have quite clogged up the faid Ends, and made a large Circle of Yarn : Faften it with a Knot or two, and turn back all the fix Points of • Lead, fo as to keep it tight on. Leave the Whole in this Manner five Days, and then take off the Yarn, and pull out the Pencils ; and without any more Trouble, a Sort of
Importarne will form under the Skin, that will make the Hair fall off. There will then come a Kind of Cruft, which will drop off of itfelf : After which you muft greafe the Part with a Mixture of Honey and Lead, in equal Quantities. All the Hair which grows after this will be white, fmooth, and even. There are many other Receipts to make the Hair white, but we ought always to imitate Nature the moft nearly ; which is done in the Manner I have fet down. How to fill up the hollow Places over a Horfe s Ryes.
Take clean Barley and Vetches bmifed, in equal Quantities, and boil them in Rofe
Water to a pappy Confidence. With this fill the Cavities every Day that come over a Hor/e's Eyes, and tie it on with a Bandage made on Purpofe. Continue the Ufe of this for three Weeks or a Month, and the Cavities will fill'up, as if they had never been. Remedies for Figs in a Horfe's Feet.
Pare the Foot well where you difcover a Fig, that with your Biftoury you may the
more eafily cut the Sole round the Place where the Complaint is, till you cpme to the raw Flefh, which is going to the Root of the Diforder. If you regard only the Top of the Fig, your Cure will be imperfect ; for the Fig will fpread and extend, and though it ap- pear fmall on the Outfide, it will reach all over the Sole. 1 do not think, however, that it grows to the Tendon, or the inner Foot. Having thus difcovered it all, take two Pounds of Honey, a Pint of Aqua Vitas, fix Ounces cf Verdigreafe in fine Powder, and fifted through Silk ; fix Ounces of white Copperas, pounded pretty fine; four Ounces of Li- tharge, and two Drams of Sublimate, pounded in the fame manner, and well fifted. Mix the Whole with Honey in a clean earthern Pot, and let it ftand over a very gentle Fire, ftirring it often, till it is fufficiently thick. The Ointment being made, fpread it upon Pledgets, which apply on the Fig. If in fearching for the Roots, you make the Blood come, which mould be avoided
as carefully as poffible ; put, for the firft Drefllng, a Reftringent, made with Turpentin and Chimney-foot: Apply this warm all over the Fig, cover it with Tow, and bind and fplinter it down, to ftop the Blood : Thus, in two Days time, when you take off the Drefllng, you will find all in good Order. Afterwards, put on a Dreffing of the Oint- ment above defcribed, cold, with Pledgets of Tow well banded and fplintered on. Let the whole DrefTing be fo ordered, with hard Rolls of Tow, that the Tents you clap on the Sides may prefs in the Fig, and prevent it's enlarging. Leave not the leaft Corner of the Frog, that touches the Fig, without Rolls of Tow, that the Whole may be kept under, and nothing grow beyond Bounds. Obferve that the Tow you make ufe of be very dry ; and that the Pledgets and Tents be
made up hard,. before you fpread the Ointment on them. Take care alfo that your Horle be in a good Stable, or fome other dry Place, becaufe Moifture is fo hurtful in this Difeafe that it may hinder a Cure. I Having
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A Gemmi Syftem of Horfemanjhip. 83
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Having taken off the fecond Drefling, which fhould continue eight and forty Hours, CHAP,
cleanfe the Part well with dry Tow, and examine if there are no Fibres or Roots remaining.I Then wafh your Fig with what the Goldfmiths call fecond Water, putting over it the Oint- ment I have here prefcribed. Bind and fplinter the Place well, as before, upon clean dry Tow, keeping in the Sides with Rolls and Pledgets, that it may not enlarge. A great Part of the Cure of this Diforder, depends upon the good or bad Application of the Drefling. When you change the Drefiings, take off gently, with your Spatula, the fmall Efchars, or rather Skins, that the Ointment has occafioned, obferving to fetch Blood as little as poffible. If after the fecond Application of the Ointment, the Fig is not checked, but breaks out again, mix, with one half of your Compofition, three Ounces of good Aqua Fortis, putting them cold together, and letting them ferment. Afterwards ufe this Oint- ment as you did the former, and it will certainly flop the Progrek of the Fig, if you take care to renew and bind on the Drefling well every twelve Hours. When, upon taking off your Drefling, you perceive the Fig fuihciently deadened, return again to your former Ointment without Aqua Fortis, applying that with it between whiles, as you fee Occafion, to eat off the exuberant Flefh, or to dry up the Wound apace, if you do all this with Judgment and Difcretion, it cannot fail of Succefs. There are often, I fay, Places where the Flefh grows too fall : There you mull ufe the
Ointment with Aqua Fortis. When you want to dry only, the fimple Ointment is ufually fufhcient : But always fupport the Drefling well, and fplinter it down tight. When the Fig grows to the Tendon, or the inner Foot, or has Communication with
them; when you imagine it healed on one Side, it fpreads on the other, and extends Some- times from the Frog to the Quarter, which it is often neceffary to cut. When the Quarter is cut, Cauftics, or potential Cauteries, in Powder or in Ointment, may ferve to deftroy the Tendon. You may make ufe of the fame here that were prefcribed for the horny Ja~ varts ; for without destroying the Tendon, you can never cure the Fig. If the Fig be pretty large (as there are fome as large as a fmall Pullet's Egg) it is very
proper, after having well examined all round, to fee if there be no Void under the Sole3 where certain Roots of the Fig be concealed; and after having cut and difcover'd all you can with your two-edged crooked Incifion-Knife ; it is very proper, I fay, to take a good (harp Buttrefs, and cut oft" all the Fig, and all the corrupted and bad Flefh you can fee. Let your Horfe afterwards bleed pretty well, and then let the Sponges of his Shoe be lengthened and his'Paftern tied with a Cord, in order to flop the Blood. Then cover all 'that you have cut with fine Salt, and put over it Turpentine, that has been mixed over a Fire with Suet chopped fmall. You mufl foak Tow well in this, and fo lay it on. If the Blood comes fo freely, that you cannot put on the Salt, mix it with the hot Compofition, bind the Foot well, and fplinter on the Drefling. Put the fame Defend- tive round the Crown, and leave your Horfe for three Days without touching him, keep- ing him always in a very dry Place. If the Fig is in one of the hind Feet, as it commonly is, you muft take great Care to
keep the Dung from under it, that no Moiflure may come to the Part, becaufe Moiflure is very hurtful.
When you take off the Drefling, you mufl gently cleanfe the WThole with dry Tow
upon your Spatula : Then put on fome of the Ointment with Pledgets, and let the Whole be adjufted and comprefled with an Iron Splinter. You will have no more Occafion for any Defenfative round the Crown. Two Days after, when you take off the DrefTing, you mufl obferve the Colour of the Flefh, and wafh it with fecond Water, as there may be Occafion. If you want to eat off any Flefh, have recourfe to your Ointment with Aqua Fortis, and continue the fame Drefling for fome Days. Upon thofe Places where the Flefh looks well, put only the Ample Ointment. If tne .fio- grows to the Tendon, or the inner Foot, the mofl certain Remedy is to
unfole the Horfe, and then drefs the Fig in the manner prefcribed, making ufe of the Razor when you fee Occafion, or eating off the Tendon with Cauftics. But wherever you can employ the Razor, let the Cauftic alone, becaufe with the former you fee beft what you do, and may go juft as far as you pleafe, without putting the Horfe to Co much Pain. If there be any Splinter loofe from the inner Foot, apply the Searing-Iron to it rather than a Cauftic. |
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84 -d General Syftem of Horfemanjhip.
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CHAR If the Horfe is of a delicate Conftitution, he may lofe his Appetite. In that Cafe faften
IC2$S in his Mouth one of the Bags to provoke Hunger that have been defcribed in this Book, and give him Glifters with Sal Polychreftum, and for his Food fcalded Bran. Continue to proceed thus, and he will recover his Appetite, and not lofe it any more. Madam Feuillet'j Green Balm.
This has performed fuch great Cures upon Mankind, that I thought it worthy of a
Place in the prefent Work. I have not fet down here the Prefcription for the Stiptick Plaifter that is ufed with this Balm, becaufe the Diapalma, that may be had any where, is as good for it as the faid Plaifter, and much cheaper. It is not the Plaifter, but the Balm, that effects the Cure ; the other ferves only to keep it on, and prevent the Air from hurting the Wound. This Balm is very good for all Wounds in Horfes, in what Part foever they happen -
as alfo for Pricks in the Foot, and the like. It is thus made. Take Oils of Linfeed, Olives, ana Juniper Berries, each 2 Ounces ; Turpentine of Ohio,
or, for want of that, other fine Turpentine, 2 Ounces ; Oil of Bays, \ Ounce ; Oil of Gilly- flowers, one Drachm; Verdigreafe pounded and finely fifted, three Drachms; White Copperas, two Drachms : Put the Whole cold into a Phial, and fhake them till they in- corporate ; continuing fo to do from time to time for a Month : After which keep it forUfe. \ You muft waili the Wound with warm Wine the firft time that you drefs it: Then
heat the Balm, and ipread it upon Lint, over which put a flicking Plaifter to keep it on. If the Wound be deep, you muft cover a Tent with this Balm, and put a Plaifter over it. You muft ufe it as an Unguent warm to frefh Wounds, having firft cleanfèd them well
with Tow. Sprinkle over it, when thus applied, the Lint of old Cord that has been beat almoft to a Powder. And if you continue this every Day, without ever moiftening the Wound, it will heal in any Part whatfoever. It it equally good for all Pricks, whe~ ther with Nails, Thorns, or Stumps of Trees. Gunjhot-Water, or a Vulnerary Draught.
Horfes that are wounded with a Fufil, Muflcer, or Piftol, cannot always be treated with
large Incifions ; efpecially in hot Weather, in the Army, where there are not always con- venient Places to put them out of the Sun, nor to protect them from Flies. To find the Bottom of thefe Wounds, and know their Magnitude, you muft fearch
them with a large Iron Probe, which is the only way you can do it. For this purpofe you muft place them in the fame Pofture they were in when they received the Shot. The Wound often appears to be fo deep, that you can convey neither Ointment nor Powder to the Bottom of it : For this Reafon Liquids have been invented, under the Name of Gunfhot'Waters, which are injected into the Wounds feveral Times a Day, you muft introduce a Tent dipped in it to keep the Wound open, and apply a Linen Rag, dipped likewife, over the Mouth of it, in the moft convenient manner you can. Give the Horfe half a Pint of the fame Water every Day in a Draught ,• and in this manner Wounds may be cured which would otherwife prove mortal. Not but that a great Number thus treated . do notwithftanding die; but when a Man has done all in his Power, he bears hisLofs with the lefs Regret, becaufe it was inevitable. If the Horfe has a Fever, you muft have re- courfe to Glifters, and not let him fvvallow any of the Vulnerary Water, becaufe the Simples that compofe it are moft of them hot, and would tend to increafe the internal Fire, and the Agitation of the Humours, which naturally prefs towards the wounded Part. But we very often fee Horfes, that have very large Wounds, without any Fever. It is not the fame with Men, for whom the Ufe of Vulnerary Waters is almoft abolifhed, except among the Swifs, who have ftill a very good Opinion of them. How to make a Gunjhot-Water.
Take a new Earthen Pot, well glazed, in which put three Quarts of fmall White Wine,
with an Ounce and a half of Round Birthwort rafped : Put your Pot over a moderate Fire, and let it boil gently, or rather ftew, till one Quart of the Wine is diminifhed. Tuft before you take it off, put in fix Ounces of Sugar in Powder, and when that is dillolved, fet it «7
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A General Syftem of Horfemanfhip. 85
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by to cool. Ufe this Water, or rather this Wine, to warn or fyringe the Wound thrice a
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' LXXXVIÏ.
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Day ; and every Morning, as I faid, let the Horfe drink half a Pint of it, after you have'
{trained it well. Lapis Mirabilis.
This Stone is as admirable for it's good Effecis, as it is in it's Name. To compofe it,
take White Copperas, two Pounds ; Roch Alum, three Pounds ; Armenian Bole, half a Pound ; Litharge of Gold or Silver, two Ounces : Powder the whole, put it in a glazed Earthen Pot, and pour upon it three Quarts of Water ; then let it boil gently over a mo- derate Fire, without Flame, till the Water is quite evaporated. Let the Fire be equal all round the Pot. You will fee a Sediment at Bottom, and when that is entirely dry, take the Pot off the Fire, and let it cool. This Matter ought when cold to be very hard, and it will grow harder and harder the longer you keep it. The Dofe of this Stone is half an Ounce, which you muft put into four Ounces of Wa-
ter, In a Quarter of an Hour it will di/Tolve ; and then, if you {hake it in a Phial, the Water will look as white as Milk. Moiften with this the Eyes of a Horfe Morning and Evening. A Remedy for Sprains.
Take Pitch and Tar, fuch as is ufed for Ships or Carts, a Pound; Aqua Fit<z,2L?'mti
Boil them together over a Charcoal Fire, left any Flame fhould touch them, ftirring them often for a Quarter of an Hour : Then add two Ounces of fine Bole in Powder, and thicken the Whole with Flower : Put this warm upon Tow, and apply it all round the Fetlock, binding it on. Renew it every two Days ; and there is fcarce any Sprain that will not be well in three or four Applications, provided you drefs the Part firft with the EfTence of Turpentine. The only Inconvenience of this Remedy is, that it tarnifhes and reddens white or grey Hair, and the Stain appears for fome Time after. However, the Remedy is excellent, and in black Horfes has no ill EffecT:. It is admirable alfo for Blows, and Swellings in the Knees and Hams : But in thefe Cafes you muft ufe no EfTence of Tur- pentine. What makes this Remedy the more to be preferred, is, that though equally good with any, it cofts but a Trifle. A folutive Cataplafm, or Poultice for [welled Stones.
Boil Beans in Lees of Wine, the thineft you can get, till they become foft : Then
pound them, and make them into a Pafte. Add to two Pounds of this Pafte, an Ounce of Caflor in Powder: Mix the whole well, and put it into a Linen Bag capable of contain- ing the Tefticles. You muft firft greafe them well with Ointment of Oil of Rofes, and then put them into the Bag, while the Poultice is as hot as you can bear it upon the Back of your Hand. Tie it on in the moft convenient Manner you can, and every twenty-four Hours repeat the Unction, and heat the Bag in the Lees made hot, which muft be kept for that Purpofe. Continue to proceed thus till the Swelling diflipates. |
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A Treatise
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A Treatise of the STUD.
AS TUD fhould be fixed upon dry Ground ; for the more dry and brittle the Grafs
is, the more light, flender, and found the Horfes that eat it will grow : Whereas thofe who feed on very juicy Grafs, are ufually very thick and clumfy in the Head, the Neck, and even the whole Body ; and fuch Grafs grows only in moift and watery Places : Befldes, the Hoofs thereby being too much moiften'd, they become grofs and heavy ; fo that when you raife a Race of Colts out of fine Horfes and Mares, if you breed them up in humid Lands, their flender Legs are unable to bear the Weight of a great Head, a thick Neck, a grofs Body, and to lift Hoofs that are too large and heavy ; all which Defects are caufed by too juicy Grafs. A dry Soil therefore is abfolutely neceffary for the Seat of a Stud ; becaufe the Grafs there being more wholefom, it makes the Colts founder, more vigorous, light, and couragious; which are all the good Qualities one can wifh for in a Horfe. The Stud, being fituated in fuch a Place, rauft be governed in the following Manner. Rules to be obferved in a Stud.
I. You muft always keep the Place clean to which the Colt retires, and change the Lit-
ter in it, at leaft twice a Month in Winter, and four Times in Summer. 1 II. Take Care, when you perceive any Mares to grow heavy, to feparate them from others that are not with Foal ; becaufe the latter, being more light and wanton, may kick the big ones, and make them caft their Foals. III. Thofe Mares that have caft their Foals mould be expell'd the Stud, as improper
for Breeding ; becaufe were they afterwards to produce a Foal, it would be of no great Value.
IV. When a Mare has been kept three Years in a Stud without producing a Foal, it
is Obftinacy to keep her there any longer : For, though fhe mould give you one the fourth Year, you run a great Hazard of waiting a long Time for a Second ; and the Colt that fhe produces will never be worth a Quarter of the Expence that the Mare will put you to. V. You muft not put Colts of one Year old into the fame Enclofures with thofe of
two, three, or four Years ; becaufe the latter, being much ftronger, will kick the others, and hinder them from feeding, which muft fpoil their Growth. VI. You muft not let Stone-Colts of a Year old run with Mares of the fame Age, nor
with any other Mare-Colts whatfoever. They begin to have fome Senfation at that Age ; and what by their Play and their Feeding with thofe young Females, they pall their Appe- tites, and fometimes ruin and deftroy themfeives. To avoid this Inconvenience, Mares of two Years mould be put with their Dams ; and the He's of two, with thofe of three or four. VII. Neither muft Stone-Colts be fuffered to come near grown Mares, in what Seafon
foever it may be ; for this would certainly do them harm, and in Covering-time make them fhed their Seed, how gentle foever they might be. Vili. Never take a Colt from Grafs till he is three Years and a half old, nor begin to
mount him till he is five ; which is the Way to make him long ferviceable. IX. It would be very proper to have two large Enclofures ; one to put the Mares in
when they foal, that they may be at Reft, leaving them together till they have all foaled ; and the other to contain the reft of the Stud, that they may not mingle with the Stone- Colts ; becaufe there is more to be apprehended then, than at any other Seafon, as well on the Colts Account, as on that of the Mares. X. Thefe Parks are very convenient to lodge the Studs in a-nights, in the feparate Di-
vifions : They feed there in Summer more at Eafe by Night than by Day, not being in- commoded either by Heat, or the Flies. XI. In order to know if all the Mares that were covered have conceived, and if there
are not fome of them which ftill want the Horfe, you muft bring out a Stallion that neighs much, and lead him within Piftol-fhot of the Mares, holding him tight, that he do not get from you: All thofe Mares which furround the Stallion, give you Notice that they are yet in Luft* But as there are fome Mares who will take Horfe after they have retained, i the
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Of the Stud. . Sj
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the moft (hort and eafy Way of knowing the Truth is, to pour Water into their Ears t
For if they make it out violently, in a Moment, it is a Mark they have not conceived. You muft then lead them to other Horfes ; and in the Moment that the Stallion has done his Office, let the Mare be blooded in her Jugular Vein. .> __ XII It is a very good Way to have your Mares covered about the Middle ot Marcb,
that, if they do not retain, you may have Time to get them covered again : For, when the Month of May is once over, I look upon the Seafon to be no longer proper for that Bufinefs- becaufe, in order to make a Colt vigorous, he mould have two Summers for one Winter • 'which cannot be if the Mare foals in the latter Seafon ; but the Colt, on the con- trary will be weak and languid, through the Hardfhips he fuffers the firft Year. XIII. If the Mare brings forth her Foal with Difficulty, you ought to affift her, giving
her good Sweet Oil and Flowers of Sulphur; and fometimes, to ftrengthen her, Venice Treacle in Wine, or a Dofe of good Cordial Powder ; which no Man who pretends to manage a Stud mould ever be without, it being of continual Ufe, as well for Colts, as for Mares and Stallions. . . . c
XIV You fhould take Care to get your Mares covered again in a Fortnight, at far-
theft, after they have foaled; becaufe if you negled it longer, the Beauty of the Seafon for that End will be over. How to couple Stallions with Mares, in order to make them bring forth well-propor-
tioned Foals. As among the foreign Stallions, fome will get fmaller Foals, fome larger, jou ought to
put them to Mares more or lefs corpulent, that the Foals may be brought forth m good Proportion. Stallion, to be a good one, mould be tall, very den-
der\trfS £Tyo^^ouUy^l. AstheColts they get are ufually
iarL Zn fhenftet e /but extremely (lender, you muft give them Mares that have Ca- 5g errand are very thick in theses gggfi* —^.on, t^JfSsX^-^z***Foals iaFr—The ^
àtL?£ to° be Tgood one, mould be ftrong, thick and every Way well
fet • becaufe the Colt he gets is ufually fmaller, and lefs vigorous than himfelf. The « Stallions feem to me not fo ufeful in France as thofe of other Countries:
ButKS has a Mind to breed from them, he mould chufe tho e that are very ftrong, aJ well fet everv wav- As for Beauty and Spirit, they never want thofe. rLlh I haveTneyntioned no Horfes for Stallions but Barh, Arabian, Turis, and
Though I have *««° ^ ^^ ^ ^ be -^ K?ÏÏS»£ Co.ts that are both handfom and good : But the fof;
me being m^fprigltfy, more delicate, and more couragious, they get Foals of a more ™ble and lofty StaWre, and confequently more proper for Perfons of Quality As ^French Mares who are defended from Horfes of Reputation, fuch as the Stal
linnsT have Tuft mentioned, thofe that are higheft before are the beft. You may find a lions I have jult "« ' b iU produce a Colt of any Value, be- Mare that is very ^f™^™^ Not but th/the Colt may at firft appear hand-
caufe (he was got by a wortWefs »*■ ^ he look; whereas aMare fan and well made; but* bagger g ^ ^ foft fo ^.^
ffi^^5^U - well as in Stature. Take great Care therefore that
whicn grow y v .s a Matter of lmportance.
your Mare be ot a good Ka , D thelr Sight
The Stallions, as well as mc marts, ui^ui" . 7 , . , ,.. ,
a^Unnr he impaired, they mould not be low in the Reins, nor have their Legs ipoi ed
fhould not be impaired, wy found ^ 07er their Bodies, left by Curbs, Veffigons, or Spavins In a wo , Diftempers are heredi-
their Offspring partake of their Infirmities, tor many limes me v
'""I is n^ceffary Hkewife- that neither the Horfe nor the Mare fhould have any Way ftrain-
It is neceiiary a* on ^ contraryj when they have a ed, themfelves. /^^T^f ^ j have ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
goca Stone-Horfe, they make a S ave o £ ^ & ^ ^ ^ ofl
laft Service is to be kept tor a btallion. /» * w ^^
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88 Of the Stud.
good, to make the Colts he gets afterwards ftrong and vigorous. But I would be glad to
know what Reafon they can afìign, why a Horfe, entirely worn out, and confequently without Strength, mould be able to get a vigorous Foal ? Doubtlefs, this is impoffible in Nature. For my Part, I believe that the moft certain Means to have good and fprightly Foals, is to look out for, and procure, at any Price whatfoever, a Stone-Horfe that is ftrong, - handfom, well-made, and without Defect ; one that has never been rid, but in order to break him : You mould know too his Qualities and Share of Spirits, and let him have a Mare equally well-conditioned. A Stallion of this Kind may get good Foals, even at 25 Years of Age, which no Horfe can do that has been worn out with Labour. In order that a Mare mould produce good Foals, let her not be covered till fhe is four
Years of Age, and take her out of the Stud in her 16th or 17th Year. A Stud regulated in this Manner, will produce the fineft Horfes in the World, by only obferving the proper Sea- fons to have the Mares covered, that their Foals may have two Summers for one Winter. A Mare goes with Foal 11 or 12 Months, or fome Days more or lefs ; for there is no
certain Time j and the older fhe is, the longer fhe carries her Burthen. Some Perfons amufe therrifèlves with reckoning the Years of a Mare, to determine from thence the Day of her foaling ; but this is very uncertain, and only an imaginary Piece of Knowledge: Such is the Folly of many other People, that they pretend the State of the Weather, when a Horfe covers a Mare, contributes much to the Goodnefs or Badnefs of the Colt: Thus, if it be rainy, windy, or ftormy, in the Moment that the Mare conceives, the Colt will be vicious; but that, on the contrary, he will be very docile, if the Air is then clear and ferene. It is however certain, in fpite of all that fuch People fay, that a Horfe produced be-
tween a Mare and a Stallion which are both perfect, will always be good, well-fhaped, and vigorous, if he be got in the right Seafon; for this, joined to the Manner of bringing him up, is the only Thing that can contribute to his Perfection. You muft afììft your Mare in the feeding of her Foal, by giving him Provender, as Bran, with Wheat or Oats crack'd in the Mill, and mixed among it. A Colt fucks for fix or feven Months. When you take him from under his Dam, you
muft feed him Morning and Evening with Oats wetted, and Bran, during the Winter- Seafon. In the Spring, you muft take him off gradually from this Diet,- till the Grafs grows hard and high $ for if you let him eat the tender fprouting Grafs, it may loofen his Belly too much, weaken him, and make him fick, and at laft perhaps kill him. You muft treat him thus from Year to ifear, till he is four Years old, taking great Care not to let any whole Grain come in his Way ; for as the Joints of his Jaws are yet very tender, he may, in ftriving to chew, bring down Defluxions on his Eyes, to his great Prejudice. A Stone-Colt, that is well-fhaped, may at four Years of Age be fuffered to cover Mares
if you are fure he has never received any Hurt before. He might even ferve for this Office at three Years old ; but as he is not then quite at his full Growth, it is better to wait till he is four, when there will be greater Chance of his getting a Colt that may be good for fomething. Inftruciions for the Commiflioners, who go to buy Horfes in foreign Countries^ in order
to make them acquainted with their DefeSis.
^~ "^HE P erf an Horfes are very good and vigorous, but they are fubjeci to have high
JL and clofe Heels, and alfo liable to Incaftellations. They are very good to breed from. The Arabian Horfes are very good ; but apt to have their Feet fat and large. They
are alfo good Stallions. The Tartary Horfes are of middling Stature, and have Feet like Mules ; that is, very
good Feet. The Barbary Horfes have delicate Feet, and are fubject to the Chilling of the Shoulders.
Their Breed is admirable, when you can get a full-ftzed Horfe ; and for the generality very good. They fhould be loaded on the Shoulders. The Polifh Horfes are fmall, and hang down their Heads: They will do good Service,
but eat a vaft deal. The Croatian Horfes are much like Mules, and have good Feet.
The Hungarian Horfes are good Courfers ; they have good Feet, but are with Difficulty
held in, and carry the Nofe almoft always poking forwards. The
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Of the Stud. 89
The Swedifi Horfes are liable to the Mallenders, and tranfverfe Mules.
The Neapolitan Horfes are vigorous, and good Courfers ; fubject to have weak Feet, to be refty, malignant, and treacherous. The Spani fi Horfes are fiery, and good for every thing, efpecially for War and the Ma-
nage : They are fubject to dry Spavins. The Dani fi Horfes are very ferviceable, but good for nothing till they are fix or feven
Years old. They are fubject to Bleymes, and Defects in the Sight. The Italian Horfes are good Courfers; fubject to Bleymes and Bone-Spavins; to be refty
and malignant. The German Horfes are ftrong; fit for the Saddle and the Coach; but fubject to Javarts,
and watery Legs. The Swifs Horfes are good for Draught, as for the Train of Artillery ; but liable to Defects
of Sight, which they feldom have very clear. They have much Hair on their Legs. The Englijh Horfes are good, eafy to the Rider, and excellent for the Chace. They are
fubject to Bleymes and Seymes, and to have flat and clofe Heels. The Dutch and Frizeland Horfes are good for the Coach : They are tall and fat ; but
fubject to have flat Feet, Curbs in the Houghs, Veffigons, greafy Spavins, and Ox-Spavins. The Flemifi Horfes have large Heads, and much Hair on their Legs: They are fubjecT: to Graps round the Hoof, to Figs in the Frulli, and to be full of Humours in their Legs. The Norman Horfes are excellent, and good for the Chace: They have good Feet, and
fome of them are fit for the Coach. Many of them are fubjecT: to Diftempers in the Eyes. The Horfes of Britanny are not fit for Service till they are five or fix Years old : They have
heavy Heads, a cloudy Sight, and much Hair on the Legs. The Poitevin Horfes have large Heads, and are fubjecT: to be moon-ey'd. They have
much Hair on their Legs, and wide open Feet. , The Limofin Horfes are very good : They are fit for the Chace, and have good Feet and
good Sight. Some of them are no ways inferior to the Englijh Horfes in any thing; which are however, in general, indifputably the beft Horfes in the Univerfe. To preferve a?td reflore a Stable infected by the different Maladies of Horfes.
FIRST, when a Stable is fpoiled by having had in it Glandery Horfes, you mull begin
by unpaving it: Then take away at leaft half a Foot of Earth, or Sand, becaufe the Urine that is foaked in it may infect the Air ; and in the Place of what you take away, put frefh Earth or Sand. If the Wood of the Rack, Manger, Pillars, and Bars, is not very old, and the Infection
has not been of long Handing, it will be fufficient to fcrape them well, and warn them with hot Water. When the Whole is dry, take Pot-afh, and difiblve it in boiling Water, with which wafh them a fecond time. You may diflblve what Quantity of it you pleafe, in proportion to the Size of the Stable ; but the Medium is, a Pound of Pot-afh to a common Pail of Water. When the Whole has been well fcoured with this Lye, take Olibanum, and the Root of Bohemian Angelica, of each alike ; pound them coarfely together, and take three or four Pots, or Chafing-difhes, according to the Magnitude of the Stable, and put in them lighted Charcoal ; then fhut up all the Windows and all the Doors, and put fome of this Compofition upon each Fire, where it will fmoke very much. Get out of the Stable, and fhut the Door clofe after you ; and thus leave the Stable clofe flopped up for 24 Hours, in which time it will be purified. When you have opened the Doors and Windows long enough to let out the Smoke, and let in the frefh Air, you may put in it any Horfe with fafety. But if the Diftemper be any thing lefs than the Glanders, there is no occafion for taking up fhe Pavement, becaufe the Wafli and the Perfume will of themfelves be fufficient. If the Wood of the Rack or Manger be old and rotten, you muft take them down and put up new, efpecially after the Glanders, |
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Anatomical Defcription of the Bones and Muscles of a Horfe.
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PLATE I.
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The Names of the Bones in a Horfe.
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OJfium Equi Nomina.
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S
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Tru&ure of the Bones of the Head. '
a. The Forehead-bone.
b. The Yoke-bone.
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A.
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C
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Apitis Oflium Structure.
a. Frontis Os.
b. Jugale Os.
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A.
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e. The upper Jaw-bone.
d. The forked Bones of the No/e.
e. The hinder Bone of the Head, or Noll-
bone. ƒ The lower Jaw-bone.
B. r, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, The Bones of the Neck.
g. The Spinas, or upper Proceflês of the Neck-bones.
h. The tranfverfe, or crofs Proceflês of the Neck-bones.
ir. The lower Proceflês of the Neck-bones. C. The upper Procefs of thè Breaft-bone.
D. The Shoulder-blade.
k. The Cartilage of the Shoulder-blade.
/. The Spine of the Shoulder-blade.
m. The lower or hinder Shoulder-Rib-
n. The fore Rib of the Shoulder.
0. The Socket or Joint of the Shoulder
which is alfo called it's Head. p. The Anchor form, which in a Man is
called the Head or Procefs of the Shoul- der, to which the Clavicula joins. E. The Vertebra: of the Thorax, or Chefl,
marked 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,
I2> r3> »4> i5> j6> *7> l8-
q. The upper Proceflês of the Vertebra; of the Thorax, or the Chine-bone.
r. The tranfverfe Proceflês of the Spinal Vertebras.
F. The Ribs forming the Thorax, numbered,
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. ThetrueRibs,
the Cartilages of which are knit to the Breaft-bone, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1 6, 17, 18. The falfe Ribs, I, II, HJ, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII. The Car- tilages of all the Ribs. G. Th j Shoulder-bone, or Axilla.
ƒ Its upper Head. s. Its lower Head.
t. The inner Part of the upper Head.
». The inner Part of the lower Head.
H, Cubiti
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t. Maxilla fuperior.
d. Nad Offa fu realia.
e. Occipitis Os.
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f Maxilla inferior.
B. i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Colli Ofla.
g. Spinas, feu fuperiores Proceflus Colli
Vertebrarum.
h. Tranfverfl. Proceffus Colli Vertebrarum. i. Inferiores Proceflus olii Oflium.
C. Sterni fuperior Proceflus.
D. Scapula.
k. Cartilago Scapula:.
/. Spina Scapulae.
m. Scapulae Cofla inferior, aut poflerior.
n. Anterior Cofla Scapulae.
o. Acetabulum Scapula; fèu Junctura, quod
& Caput ejus appellator.
p. Anchorae formae, quod appellatur in Homine Caput feu Proceflus Scapular,
cui Clavicula jungitur.
E. Thoracis Vertebras, fignatae i, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18.^ a. Thoracis Vertebrarum Proceflus fupe-
riores, feu Spinar Dorfì. r. Tranfverfl Proceflus Thoracis Vertebra-
rum. F. CoflaeThoracem efHcientes, numerate, 1,
2, 3' 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9- Coftae legitimae,
quarum Cartilagines ne&untur, 10,11, 12, 13, 14) J5> l6> *7> l8- Coftae
fpuriae, I, II, HI, IV, V, VI, VII, Vili, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII. Coftarum omnium Cartilagines. G. Humeri Os, feu Axilla.
f Caput ejus fuperius. s. Caput inferius. /. Interior Pars fuperioris Capitis;
u. Idem inferioris. |
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*
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The Anatomical Defcrìption of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe*
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9*
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H. The Leg-bone, or Cubitus.
10. The upper Head of the Leg-bone.
x. The lower Head of the fame. y. The large Procefs of the upper Head of the Leg-bones,
I. The Shank-bone. %. The Ligaments and little Bones in the
Knee, or upper Joint of the Shank-bone.
a. The Procefs in the hinder Part of the upper Joint.
(3. The knotty Elevations in the hinder Sides of the Shank-bones.
y» The fmaller Procefs of the little Bone in the lower Joint of the Shank.
K, L, M. The three fmall Bones that con- ftitute the lower Foot.
O. 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, The Vertebra? of the Loins.
$. The Spines of the fame. e. Their tranfverfe Proceffes. P. The Holy Bone, marked, r, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
£ The Proceffes or Spines of the holy Bone.
Q^ The Os Coccygis, or Vertebrae of the Tail,
marked, 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9, 10,11,
12,13,14,15,16,17, 18.
R. The anonymous or triple Bone.
yj. That Part of the anonymous Bone which
is called the Os Ilium.
rj. The Coxendix, or Huckle-bone, a Part of the fame.
6. The Os Pubis, another Part of it. £. The large Procefs of the Socket, which holds the larger Head, or the Rotator. S. The Thigh-bone. £ The upper Head of the Thigh-bone, or
the large Rotator.
k. The larger Trochanter, called here the Procefs.
?.. The Neck of the Thigh-bone. li. The leffer Cavity, where lies the inner Trochanter.
v. The lower Head of the Thigh-bone. 0. The outer Part of the lower Head. f. Its inner Part. Tr. The Bone that ferves as a Knee-pan.
T. The Shin-bone. t. The upper Head of the Shin-bone, or
Tibia.
v. The Ligaments and Bones that join the Tibia with the Fibula. N. B. Thefe belong to the laft mentioned Bone. V. The leffer Bone of the Leg, which we call Fibula. «. The Procefs forming the Heel. The two following References belong to theTibia. &. The upper Head of the Tibia. e. Its lower Head. 0, Elevationes
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H. Cubiti Os.
w. Superius Caput Cubiti Offis.
x. Inferius Caput ejus. y. Procefius magnus fuperioris Capitis Cu- biti Offis. I. Radius. z. Ligamenta & Oflicula in jun&ura Ra-
dii fuperiore. a. Proceffus in pofteriore junciurs Parte fuperioris.
/3. Elevationes in pofterioribus Radii La- teribus fpinofae.
y. Proceffus Officuli minor in jun&ura inferiore Radii. K, L, M. Tria Pedem imum conftituentia Officula.
O. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Lumbares Vertebra:. £ Spinse Lumbarium Vertebrarum.
e. Tranfverfales Proceffus earundem Ver- tebrarum. P. Os Sacrum, fignatum, 1, 2, 3,4* 5,6. £ Proceffus feu Spina? facri OfTis.
Q^ Os Coccygis, feu Caudae Vertebrae, fig- natse, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12,13, H» 15' i6>.*7> *8-
R. Os anonymum, feu triplex. 37. Pars Offis anonymi qua: Ilium Os ap-
pellator. 7]. Coxendix, didta ejus Pars. 0. Pubis Os, nominata Pars ejufdem.
$. Proceffus magnus Acetabuli, qui Capiti
majori feu Rotatori juncìuram praebet. S. Femoris Os. £ Caput fuperius Femoris Offis, feu Ro-
tator magnus. x. Trochanter major, di£tus hie Procef-
fus. 2,. Cervix Femoris Offis.
{jl. Minor Locus, interior Trochanter ubi
latet.
v. Caput inferius Femoris Offis. 0. Capitis inferioris Pars exterior. a. Interior ejus Pars. 7T. Patellae vices agens Os. T. Tibia. r. Caput fuperius Tibiae Oiiis.
v Ligamina & Offa, jundura Tibiae cum
Fibula. N.B. Hxad praecedens perti- nent Os. V. Os cui Fibulae nomen dabimus. g. Proceffus Talum effingens. Sequentes
duo Chara&eres ad Tibiam pertinent.
w. Caput fuperius Tibtfe- tr. Inferius ejufdem Caput. |
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The Anatomical Defcription
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92
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0. Elevationes longiufculae marginàles in (p. Longifh Elevations on the Ed2e of the
pofteriore latere Fibulae. Fibula behind.
4/. Proceffus inferiori in jundura Fibulae. ^. The Procefs in the lower Joint of the
Fibula.
X, Y, Z. Tria Offa Pedem efficient. X, Y, Z. The three Bones formino- the Foot. |
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PLATE II.
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Exp/icatio Offium Capitis.
Figurae primae & fecundae. |
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Explication of the Bones of the Head.
Figures the firft and fecond.
A.npHE Yoke-bone.
J[ B. The Temporal-bone.
C. The Forehead-bone.
D. The Bones fupporting the Noie.
E. The Grinders.
F. The Pincers.
F. The Fore-Teeth.
Fig. three and four.
A. The mammillary Procefs.
B. The Bones of the Occiput.
A. The Procefs of the lower Jaw, joined to
the upper. C. The Procefs of the lower Jaw, inferted
in the Bone of the Temple.
D. The Place where the Mufcle Maftoides is
inferted.
E. The Place which the fame Mufcle arifes
from. •
E III.
Eig-6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
The larger Bones of the Feet reprefented in variousViews. They are in the Figure di- ftinguiihed by the Letters G,H,I,K,L,M. Fig. 13, to 19. The three fmall Bones of the lower Feet to be viewed different Ways. A. The Proceffes, or Wings, by which the Bones of the Os Ilium are joined. Fig. 20 and 2f. The fmall Bones, or rather the two Carti- lages, which are joined between the Shank-bone and the firft of the Foot. Fig. 22. The foremoft Face, and outer Side of the Shoulder-blade. Fig- 23.
The inner Side of the Shoulder-blade, op- pofite to the Ribs. Fig. 24. The Holy Bone, to be km from the inner and lower Side. |
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S~\S Jugale.
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A.
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■ ■
B. Os Temporale.
C. Os Frontis.
D. Offa Nafum fuftinentia.
E. Molares Dentes.
F. Canini Dentes.
G. Inciforii Dentes.
Figurae tertiae & quarts.
A. Mammillaris Proceffus.
B. Occipitis Offa.
A. Proceffus inferioris Maxillae, fuperiori in-
articu latum. C. Proceffus inferioris Maxillae, in Tempora-
li Offi infertum.
D. Mufculi Maftoidis Infertionis locus.
E. Mufculi ejufdem Ortus locus.
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PLAT
Fig. 6,7, 8, 9, io, ir, i2. Offa Pedis tria varie confpicienda, majo- res nempe, quae in Sceleto Literis G, H, I, K, L, M, infignita & defcripta funt. Fig. 13, ufque ad 19. Officii la imi Pedis tria, varie confpici- • enda. A. Proceffus, feu Alae, quibus Ilii Offa in- ju nguntur. Fig. 20 & 2j.
Officula, feu potius Cartilagines du a?, quae inter Radium primumque Pedis Os in- tervéniunt junéturae. Fig. 22. Anterior Facies, exteriufque Latus Sca- pula?. Fig. 23.
Interius Latus Scapulae, Collis adverfum. Fig. 24.
Os Sacrum, interiori & inferiori Latere con- fpiciendum. |
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PLATE IV
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, Fig. 25.
Interius fuperiufque latus Sacri Offis, cum Coccygis Offibus, feu Cauda? Verte- bris. |
~l • FÌ& **
T he inner and upper Side of the Holy Bone,
with the Bones of the Coccyx, or Verte- bra of the Tail, Fi<r. |
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of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe.
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93
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Fig. 26.
Thoracis anterior feu inferior Facies. A. Sternum tota Longitudine confpiciendum.
B. Elevatio in medio Sterni duos pectoris
Mufculos difcernens.
C. Xiphoides Os.
D. Vertebrae Thoracis.
I, P. Claviculae. 2j 3> 4> 5> 6> 7» 8> 9> Coftae legitime. 11,
1 2,13» 14>* 5» 16) 17> 18, fpuriae Coftae. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, Vili, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, Car- tilagines Coftarum. Fig. 27. Lumbares Vertebrae & Os Sacrum.
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Fig. 26.
The foremoft or lower Face of the Thorax; A. The Bread-bone exhibited in full Length.
B. The Elevation in the middle of the Breaft-
bone, dividing the two Mufcles of the
Bread. C. The Bone Xiphoides*
D. The Vertebra? of the Thorax.
I, P. The Claviculae. 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,9, the true Ribs. 11$
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, the falfe
Ribs. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X, XI, XII, Xlli, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, the Cartilages of the Ribs.
Fig. 27.
The Vertebrae of the Loins and the Os Sa-
crum. |
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PLATE V.
Fig. 28. Fig, 28.
Os anonymum, Parte fuperna confpici- The namelefs Bone, fliewn from the üp-
endum. per Side. Fig. 29. Fig. 29.
Idem Os inferna Parte apparens. The fame Bone, appearing from the lower
Part.
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Mufculorum Corporis Equi Explicatio, An Explication of 'the Mufcles oj'a Horfe''s Body*.
Caput moventes Mufculi, quorum 8 funt The Mufcles moving the Head, which are
Paria. 8 Pair. |
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. A Ernoides. It rifes with a doublé
Jl\^ Root, from the fore Part of the firft Vertebra of the lower Neck ; whence af- cending obliquely along the fore Parts of the Neck, it is inferted in the mammillary ProcefTes of the temporal Bone. They draw the Head downwards, and keep it firm forwards, when both act together j when one only, it pulls it to it's own Side. . Spernius. It arifes from five Vertebra? of the Thorax, and as many neighbouring ones of the Neck ; is nervous, and amend- ing broad and flefhy is knit to the Occi- put. It pulls the Head backwards. . Complexus or Trigeminus. So called from its triple Origin, one from the fourth and fifth tranfverfe ProcefTes of the Vertebrae of the Thorax, a fecond from the firft and fecond, and a third from the hinder Branch of the feventh Vertebra of the Neck. Im- mediately after its Rife thefe unite irtone Body, which afcends into the Occiput, and is there inferted at the Roots of the mam- millary ProcefTes, fometimes with a fingle, but often with a triple Tendon. It draws the Head backwards, B b 4. Tur-
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1» A Ernoides. Duplici Ortu, ex inferi-
X"\. oris anteriore Parte Vertebrae primae Colli ; inde oblique afcendens per anteriora Colli in mammillaribusTemporis Ollis Pro- ceffibus infèritur. Caput & deorfum tra- hunt, & firmüm antrorfum continent, fi fi- mul ambo agunt ; fi folus, Collum in fuam Partem fleciit. 2. Spernius. Ex quinque Thoracis totidem-
que Colli Vertebris vicinis oritur nervofus, & fatis latus & carnofus afcendens Occipiti innectitur j Caput retrorfum agit. 3. Complexus feu Trigeminus. Nomen nac-
tus a triplice Origine, quorum unum è quarta & quinta tranfverfis Proceffibus Ver- tebrarum Thoracis, fecundum è prima & lècunda, tertium vero ex pofteriori Vimine feptimae Colli Vertebras enatus. Statim poft Ortum in unum coalitus Corpus, in Occiput afeendit, ibique ad mammillarium Proceffuum Radices infèritur, quandoqui- dem uno, faepe & triplici Tendine. Caput retrorfum agit. |
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"The Anatomical Defcription
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94
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4, Turgidulus. Exiguus Mufculus, fub Mo-
do dido latens, e fex fuperioribus tranf- verfis Colli Vertebrarum Proceffibus enatus, admodum nervofus, poftea carnofior ef- fedus afcendit, inque pofteriores Partes Radicis mammillaris Proceffus inferitur, Caputque retrorfum trahit. 5. Redus major. Parvus gracilifque, etfi
carnofus. E Spina Vertebrae fecundae Colli progenitus, paremque fuum tangens, ftatim iterum feparatim medio Occipiti innexus. Idem huic cum caeteris Ufus. |
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4. Turgidulus. A fmall Mulcie, lying hid
in the manner above-mentioned. It fprings from the fix upper tranfverfe ProcefTes of the Vertebrae of the Neck, is very nervous, and afterwards becoming more flefhy, it afcends, and is inferted into the hinder Part of the mammillary Procefs. Its Of- fice is to pull the Head backwards. 5. The larger Redus. A fmall and flender,
though flefhy Mufcle. It arifes from the Spine of the fecond Vertebra of the Neck, and touching its Fellow, it immediately proceeds again feparately, and is knit to to the Middle of the Occiput. Its Ufe is the fame as the others. 6. The leffer Redus. It arifês in the fame
manner as, and is very much like the for- mer ; but its Root is from the firft Ver- tebra, where that has no Spine like the others, fo that it does not impede the larger Redus which afcends over it. It is inferted in the Side of the Occiput, and, as the reft, pulls the Head backwards. 7. Obliquus fuperior. Situated under the
Redus's, and refembling them in Form as well as Subftance. Outwardly arifing by the Sides of the Redus of the Occiput. This Pair of Mufcles are knit into the tranfverfe ProcefTes of the firft Vertebra of the Neck, the right into the right, and the left into the left. 8. Obliquus inferior. It rifes from the Spine
of the 2d Vertebra of the Neck, runs ob- liquely upwards, and is joined to the Side of the tranfverfe ProcefTes of the firft Vertebra. The Mufcles moving the Neck, of which there
are four Pair. 9. Spinatus Colli. It rifes from the feven
Spines of the fore Vertebrae of the Thorax, and paffing by the five lower Spines of the Neck, to which it cleaves a little, as if fome Part of it arofe from them, it is at laft knit to the lowerPart of the 2dSpine,in order down- wards, of the Neck, which it draws back. 10. Tranfverfalis. Rifing from the fix tranf-
verfe Procefìès of the fore Vertebras, and growing more flefhy as it afcends, it joins to all the tranfverfe ProcefTes of the Verte- brae of the Neck, which it alfo draws back. 11. Longus Colli. Afcending from the fixth
and fifth Vertebra: of the Back (or rather from the Breaft-bone and Clavicula) it is knit into the Sides of all the Vertebrae of the Neck , then rifing to the firft, it is there inferted, and the Pair together draw the Neck downwards, incline the Head, or one of them moves it on one Side. 1 12. Sea-
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6. Redus minor. Sub Modo dido ortus, &
perfimilis illi : fed ex prima Vertebra ori- tur, ubi ilia nullam ut alias Spinam habet, ne fcilicet majorem Redum fuper illam afcendentem impediret. Occipitis in La- tere inferitur. Caput ut alii retrorfum ducit. 7. Obliquus fuperior. Sub Redis fitus illis
Forma proxime fimilis, ut & Subftantia. Exterius perLatera Redorum Occipitis orti in tranfverfales Proceffus primae Colli Ver- tebrae inneduntur, dexter in dexterum, alter in alium ProcefTum. |
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8. Obliquus inferior. E Spina fecundae Colli
Vertebras ortus, oblique furfum fertur, primaeque Vertebrae tranfverfis Proceffibus e Latere injungitur. Collum Moventes Muf culiy quorum quatuor
funt Paria. 9. Spinatus Colli. E feptem anteriorum Tho-
racis Vertebrarum Spinis enatus, quinque inferioribus Colli Spinis tranfmiffis, quibus paulum adhaeret, acfi quaedam ejus pars ex his pronafceret, tandem fecundae de- orfum Colli Spina? Vertebrae inferiori Parti inneditur. Collum retrahit. 10. Tranfverfalis. Ex Thoracis fex anterio-
rum Vertebrarum tranfverfis Proceffibus enatus, carnofiorque afcendens, omnibus Colli Vertebrarum tranfverfis Proceffibus innexus, Collum uti prior retrorfum ducit. 11. Longus Colli. E fexta & quinta Dorfi
Vertebris (vel potius Sterno & Clavicula) afcendens, omnium Colli Vertebrarum Lateribus innexus eft ; donee in primum afcendens, ter ambo illi inferuntur. Col- lum deorfum trahunt, Caput inclinant, aut etiam direde adverfum exhibent. |
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of the Bones and Mujcles of a Horfe.
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95
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12. Scalenus, aut Triangulare. Incipiens ex
pofteriore Cofta, carnofus largufque a- fcendens, omnibus tranfverfis Proceiìibus inferitur. |
12. Scalenus, or Triangularis. Beginning
from the hinder Rib, it afcends fleftry and large, and is inferted in all the tranfverfe Procefiês. |
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Thoracem ^f PeEius moventes feptem Paria There are [even Pair and an odd one that
&* unus funt. move the Thorax and Breafi. |
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13. Subclavium Par. A Situatione didus,
quoniam Cavitatem inter Claviculam & primam Coftam explet. Ex interiore & inferiore Parte Clavicula? oritur, èque Colli ultima Vertebra, deorfumque tendens, prima? Cofta? propc Sternum innexus. 34. Serratus major Anticus. A Forma &
Proportione. Ex interiore Latere Scapula?, primaque & fecunda Cofta pronatus, quin- que fequentibus veris & duabus fpuriis Cof- tis inferitur. Ufus illius eft movendi Sca- pulam, & dilatandi Coftas in Refpiratione. 15. Serratum pofticum fuperius par. Situs
eft in Dorfo fub Rhomboide (ad Scapulam pertinente) inter Scapulas. Oritur mem- branofus a tribus inferioribus Colli Oflï- bus, primoque Thoracis, & infertus eft tri- bus autquatuor Interftitiis primarum Cof- tarum. 16. Serratus pofticus inferior. Oritur ab ul-
timis Spinis tribus Vertebrarum Dorfi, & Lumbarum prima, admodum largus, car- nofus, & nervofus principio, poftea per 4 aut 5 pofteriores fpurias procedens Cof- tas, iifdem antequam Cartilaginibus jun- guntur innexus eft. 17. Triangularis pectoris, E media Sterni
Linea (in Pedoris enim interna Cavitate fedem habet) oritur, & tertia?, quarta?, odava? & fexta? veris Coftis antequam cartilaginofi fiunt inferitur. 18. Diaphragma. Mufculus in Cavitate Tho-
racis Refpirationi ferviens inter hos nu- meratur.
19. Cervicalis defcendens. Ex tertia, quarta,
quinta, & feptima Colli Vertebris oriens, Coftis Thoracis è contraria vel anteriori Parte innexus eft. 20. Sacro-lumbus. Ab Ortu, qui ex Offe
Sacro & Spinis Lumbarium eft, appellatur. Situs eft fub Serrato poftico inferiori, fur- fumque repens, longo Dorfi Mufculo ad- mifcitur, & fic tranfverfis Lumbarium Pro- ceilibus Vertebrarum ufque ad ultimum Thoracis adne&itur, unde afcendens ad Coftas, illis omnibus ad trium digitorum diftantiam a Vertebris, Tendine cuique proprio inha?ret. |
13. The Subclavian Pair. So called from
their Situation, becaufe they fill the Cavity between the Clavicula and the flrft Rib. They rife from the inner and lower Part of the Clavicula, and from the hind Ver- tebra of the Neck, and running downwards, are knit to the firft Rib near the Sternum. 14. Serratus major Anticus. From its Saw-
like Form and its Proportion. Arifjng from the inner Side of the Shoulder-blade, and from the firft and fecond Rib, it is in- ferted in the five following true and two falfe Ribs. Its Uk is to move the Scapu- la, and dilate the Ribs in Reipiration. 15. Serratum pofticum fuperius par. Their
Seat is in the Back under the Rhomboid (belonging to the Scapula) between the two Shoulder-blades. It rifes membranous from the three lower Bones of the Neck, and the firft of the Thorax, and is inferted in three or four Interftices of the firft Ribs. j 6. Serratus pofticus inferior. It rüès from
the laft three Spines of the Vertebra of the Back, and the firft of the Loins, is at the beginning very large, flefhy, and nervous, and then proceeding by the 4 or 5 hinder falfe Ribs, it is knit with them before they unite in Cartilages. 17. Triangularis pedoris. They arife from the
middle Line of the Breaft-bone, (for their Seat is within the Cavity of the Cheft) and are inferted into the third, fourth, fixth, and eighth true Ribs, before they become cartilaginous. 18. The Midriff. A Mufcle in the Cavity
of the Cheft, of ufe in Refpiration. It is numbered with the reft. 19. Cervicalis defcendens. Riling from the
third, fourth, fifth, and feventh Vertebras of the Neck, it is joined to the Ribs of the Thorax on the contrary or fore Part. 20. Sacro-lumbus. So called becaufe it rifes
from the Holy-bone and the Spines of the Loins. It is feated under the lower back- ward Saw-bone, and creeping upwards, mixes with the long Mufcle of the Back, and fo is knit to the tranfverfe Proceffes of the Vertebrae of the Loins quite to the laft of the Thorax, whence arifing to the Ribs, it joins to them all with a reipective Ten- don to each, at the Diftance of three Fin- |
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ger's Breadth. Dorji
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96
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|
The Anatomical Defcription
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Dorfì fëP Lumborum Motores quatuor
Parìa funt. 2i. Longiffimus Dorfi. Ex Offe Sacro &
Ilio pronatus, totum percurrens Lumbum, Dorfum & Collum, Temper prope Vertebras, ufque ad Proceffus mammillares porrigi- tur, quibus innexus definir. 22. Quadratus. A Figura quam ambo Muf- culi fimul efficiunt, nam fingulus triangu- laris eft. Latus, validus, & carnofus oritur expofteriori fuperiorique Cavitate llii Offis, & interiori fuperiorique Parte Offis Sacri, & fie, carnofus uti eft, omnibus tranfver- fis Proceffibus Lumbarium Vertebrarum ad primam ufque Coftam innedtitur. Modo ditìo Dorfum re&um continet : hie autem introrfum fle&ere videtur. 23. Semi-fpinatus. Ex omnibus Sacri Lum-
bique Offium Spinis nervofus oritur, & inferitur tranfverfis Lumbarium Offium Proceffibus, ultimifque Thoracis. Hie cum fequente Sacro Cavitatem inter fum- mas Spinas & Coftas, Rimamque explet. Spinis contrahendis vacat hie Mufculus. 24. Sacer Mufculus. Oritur ex ea Offis Sacri
Parte, cujus Ala* llii cum Offe compatte funt. Poft Originem craffior eft, nee Ü- nitur antequam Spinas ultimarum Tho- racis Vertebrarum nancifcitur, quanquam per viam plerifque Lumbarium tranfverfis Proceffibus innecHtur. Spinis extenden- dis fa&i funt : fed fi unus folum agit, Dor- fum a fuo Latere incurvat. Notandum eft inter unamquamque
Coftam duplicem effe Mufculum, quo- rum tot funt quot Coftx utriufque generis. 25.IIK quidem qui interius in Cavitate funt, zó.interiores Intercoftales, qui vero exterius apparent, Intercoftales exteriores dicuntur. Ufus eorum eft facilitando Compreffionis Coftarum, Inflexione Corporis; ut & in Retrazione. Scapulam moventium quatuor Paria
funt. 2j. Cucullaris. Nafcitur ex Occipite modice
nervofus, fed defcendens ex quinque fu- perioribus Colli Vertebrarum Proceffibus accrefcentibus Nervis ; augmentatus imo denique etiam ex Thoracis Vertebris ad o&o ufque Ramis auclus, Scapularum fu- periores anteriorefque Proceffus, operiens ejus Spinas, Dorfo, Scapulae, & infimis |
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The Movers of the Back and Loins are
four Pair. 21. Longiffimus DoJfi. Arifing from the
Holy Bone of the Os Ilium, it pervades the Loins, the Back, and the Neck, keeping itili near the Vertebre, and extends quite to themammillary Proceffes, in which it ends. 22. Thefquare Mufcle. Named from the
Figure which both Mufcles make together each being of a triangular Form, broad] ftrong, and fleffiy. It rifes from the hinder and upper Cavity of the Os Jlium and the inner and upper Part of the Holy-bone, and fo, fleffiy as it is, is knit to all the tranf. verfe Proceffes of the Vertebre of the Loins quite to the firft Rib. In this manner it keeps the Back ftreight, and feems alfo to have a Power of bending it inwards. 23. Semi-fpinatus. It rifes nervous from all
the Spines of the Holy-bone and the Loins, and is inferred in the tranfverfe Proceffes of the Bones of the Loins, and in the laft of the Thorax. This, with the following Holy Mufcle, fill the Cavity and the Cleft between the upper Spines and the Ribs. It's £ uiinefs,when ufed, is to contract the Spines 24üTherH?Iy Mufcle' h rifes from that
Part of the Holy-bone where its Wings are compared with the Os Ilium. After
its Origin it grows thicker, and does not end till it gains the Spines of the laft Ver- tebre of the Thorax 5 though by the way it is knit with many tranfverfe Proceffes of the Loins. Their Office together is to extend the Loins; but when one only afts it bends the Body on its own Side. It is to be obferved, that there is a double
Mufcle within each Rib, and that thefe Pairs are juft as many in Number as the Ribs. The inner ones, that lie hid in the 25. Cavity, are called the inner Intercoftak, and
26. thofe which appear outwardly, the outward
Intercoftals. Their Ufe is to facilitate the Compreffion of the Ribs, and the Inflexion of the Body ; as alfo in drawing back. There are four Pair that move the Scapula,
or Shoulder-blade. 27. Cucullaris, or Monk's Hood. It rifes
moderately nervous from the Occiput, but defcending its Nerves increafe from the five upper Proceffes of the Vertebre of the Neck • augmented alfo from below by the Verte- brae of the Thorax, itincreafesatlaft to eight Branches, covers the Spines of the upper - and fore Proceffes of the Scapula, and at laft Colli
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Mufcles of a Horfe. 97
knits with the Back, the Shoulder-blade,
and the loweft Vertebra? of the Neck. Its Motions are various, according to the Ori- gin of its Parts, in drawing the Scapula obliquely upwards, and by contrading that and the Neck. 28. Levatores, the Lifters. They are fitu-
ated upon the Clavicula, and rife from the tranfverfe Proceffes of the firft, fecond, third, and fourth Vertebra? of the Neck. Thefe Beginnings, united afterwards in one, go forth in a Tendon, which is in- ferted in the fore Procefs of the Scapula at the Joint of the Shank, and draws the Head of the Scapula forwards and upwards. 29. Serratus minor Anticus. It is feated un-
der the Pectoral, and rifes from the firft four Ribs, before they become Cartilages; thence proceeding to the Scapula, it is in- fer ted in it by a large Tendon in the an- chor-form Place, and draws it forwards. 2o. Rhomboides. It is feated under the Cu-
cullarisj is tender, large, andfquare; rifes fiefhy from the three laft Vertebra? of the Neck, and the three foremoft of the Tho- rax, and continues very much in the fame State quite to the Scapula, in the Bafe of which it is iniêrted, and draws it upwards and backwards. The Mufcles that move each Shoulder are
nine in Number. 31. Deltoides. Afcending from the Middle
of the Clavicula, Extremity of the Shoul- der, and the whole Back of the Scapula, it extends to the Middle of the Scapula, and is there inferted. It is obferved that this Mufcle has certain Fibres obliquely downwards, fuch as are thofe in its fore Part, others obliquely inwards, as in the hinder Part, and others, laftly, as in the Middle, which defcend directly towards the Foot; that is, it has a triple Motion. If therefore the Fibres of the firft Part are contracted, the Shoulder is lifted inwards towards the Noftrils of the Horfe ; if the Middle, it is lifted towards the Back; and if the hinder ones, it is pulled obliquely downwards. By thefe therefore the Mufcle not only lifts the Shoulder, but alfo per- forms other Functions. 3 2. Supra Spinatus, or fupra Scapularis fu-
perior. It fills all the Cavity between the fore Rib of the Scapula and its Spine, It rifes from the Spine of the Scapula, and crofting the Joint, is knit to the Neck of the Shoulder by a large Tendon. Its Of- fice is to raife the Scapula. C e 33. Latifiimus. |
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of the Bones and
Colli Vertebris tandem innexus eft. Mo-
tiones ejus varia? pro Origine Partium funt, Scapulam oblique furfum trahendo, eam- que & Collum contrahendo. 28. Levatores. Quifque fitus eft fuper Cla-
viculam, oritur è tranfverfis Proceflibus prima?, fecunda?, tertia?, & quarta? Verte- brarum Colli; & ha?c Principia poftmo- dum unita in unum abeunt Tendinem, qui in anteriori ProceiTu Scapula? apud Juncìuram Cubiti infertus eft, & Caput Scapula? antrorfum furfumque trahit. 29. Serratus minor Anticus. Situs eft fub
Perorali, & oritur ex primis Coftis quatuor, antequam Cartilagines fiunt; inde proce- dens ad Scapulam, illi largo Tendine in Loco anchora-formi inferitur, eamque an- trorfum movet. 30. Rhomboides. Situs eft fub Cucullari ;
tener, largus, & quadratus eft ; oritur car- nofus ex tribus ultimis Colli Vertebris, & totidem anterioribus Thoracis, &admodum fuo fimilis Origini extenditur ufque ad Sca- pulam, cujus Baft infertus eft, & trahit eum furfum & retrorfum. Axillam moventìum funt novem i?i Una*
quaque.
31. Deltoides. Afcendens ex medio Clavi-
cula?, acumine Axilla?, & toto Scapula? Dorfo, extenditur ad Medium ufque Sca- pula?, ubi infertus eft prius. Mufculum Fibras habere quafdam oblique deorfum, tales qua? funt in anteriori ejus Parte, alias oblique introrfum, uti in pofteriori Parte, & denique alias uti in medio, qua? recta deorfum pedem verfus defcendunt, habere eum fcilicet triplicem motum,obfervatum eft. Si igitur Fibra? prioris Partis contra- huntur, Axilla introrfum verfum Nares Equi levatur ; ft media?, Dorfum verfus ; & ft pofteriores, oblique deorfum fertur. Itaque his Mufculus non folum levat Ax- illam, fed & etiam alia qua?dam perficit. |
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2. Supra Spinatus, aut fupra Scapularis fu-
perior. Cavitatem omnem inter Scapula? Coftam anteriorem & Spinam ejus explef. Oritur a Spina Scapula*, tranfienfque Junc- turam Axilla? Cervici largo Tendine in- nexus eft. Opus ejus eft Axillam levare. 2 |
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98
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The Anatomical Defcription
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23- Latiiììmus. AQuantitate. Oritur mem-
branofus & largus a Proceflìbus earumVer- tebrarum quae funt inter fextum Thoracis & Medium Sacri, ut & a fuperiore Parte Offis Ilii. Inde procedens ufque ad eum locum, unde Corbe Caudam verfus cur- vari incipiunt, carnofìor fit, & pofteriorem feu inferiorem Scapulae Procefìum operiens tranfitu, graciìior, quandoquidem carno- fus femper, fit. Largo fortique tandem Tendine Capiti Scapulae interius inferitur, inter Pectoralem & Rotundum. Axillam retrorfum Caudam verfus, quamque paulò oblique furfum verfus trahit. |
33. Latiffimus. So called from its Magnitude*
It rifes membranous and large from the ProcefTes of thofe Vertebra? that are between the fixth of the Thorax and the Middle of the Holy-bone, as alfo from the upper Part of the Os Ilium. Thence proceeding to the Place, where the Ribs towards the Tail begin to be bent, it grows more fiefhy, and covering in its Paffage the hinder and lower Procefs of the Scapulae, becomes more Hea- der, though ftill flefiSy. At laft, with a large and ftrong Tendon, it is inwardly inferted in the Scapula, between the Pecio- ral and,the round Mufcles. It draws the Shoulder backwards towards the Tail though a little obliquely upwards. 34. Rotundus. Itrifesfrom the lower Rib of
the Scapula, and with a very ftrong, flefhy, and nervous Tendon, is inferted in the inner and upper Part of the Head of the Shoulder. It draws the Shoulder back towards theTail. 2S' Pedoralis. It rifes in its upper Part from
the Clavicula quite to the Middle ; in its middle Part from the whole Breaft-bone and thofe Cartilages that adhere to it ; in its lower Part from the Cartilages of the fixth, feventh, and eighth Ribs. After its large and membranous Rife, grown more flefhy and thick, it defcends to the Shoulder-bone, and at laft, by a fhort, but very thick, ftrong' and broad Tendon, is gradually knit to it, under its Head, between the Deltoides and the Biceps. Its Office is to move the Shoul- der-bone forwards, and towards the Breaft 3 6. Caracoides. It rifes from the caracoidic Procefs of the Scapula, whence it proceeds and inferts it felf in the Middle of the Shoulder-bone, which it draws upwards, and forwards to the Breaft. 37. Infra Spinatus, or fub Scapularis inferior. It is feated between the Spine and the hind Rib of the Scapula, filling that Ca- vity. It rifes flefhy from the Bottom of the Scapula and its lower Procefs ; thence growing lefs, as does the Scapula, with a fhort broad Tendon it is inferted into the fourth Ligament of the Shoulder. It moves the Scapula backwards and upwards. 38. Sub Scapularis, or Immerfus. It cleaves
to the inner Side of the Scapula and the Ribs, and thus no where appearing, is joined to fome of the axillary Ligaments, working the Back towards the Shoulders. 39. Rotundus minor. Itrifesfrom the lower
Side of the Scapula, and is inferted in the lower Neck of the Shoulder, working it upwards towards the Back. |
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34. Rotundus. Oritur ex inferiore Scapulas
Cofta, & admodum forti, carnofo, & ner- vofo Tendine interiori fuperiorique Axillse Capitis Parti inferitur. Axillam retror- fum Caudamque verfus trahit. 35. Pecìoralis. Oritur fuperiori ejus Parte ex
Clavicula in Medium ufque; Parte media ex toto Sterno, atque illis Cartilaginibus quae illi inhaerent ; inferiore autem Parte è Cartilaginibus fextac, feptimae 8c oétavae Coftarum. Poft largum & membranofum Ortum, carnofior facìus craflìorque, ad Axilla? Os defeendit, & illi tandem bre- viore, fed admodum craffo fortique & largo Tendine paululum, fub Capite ejus, in- neclitur inter Deltoidem & Bicipitem. Of- ficium ejus eft, Axillae Os antrorfum Pec- tufque verfus movendi. 36. Caracoides. Oritur ex Proceffu cara-
coïdeo Scapulae, unde in Medium Axilla- ris Offis infertus abit, & illud furfum & antrorfum ad Pectus trahit. 2J. Infra Spinatus, aut fub Scapularis infe-
rior. Situs eft intra Spinpjn 8c pofterio- rem Scapula? Coftam, Cavitatem illam ex- plens. Carnofus oritur a Bafi Scapulas 8c Proceffu inferiori; minuitur inde, ut 8c Scapula, & lato brevi Tendine infertus eft in quarto Humeri Ligamento ; retrorfum ac furfum Scapulam movet. 38. Sub Scapularis, aut Immerfus. Scapula?
interiori Lateri adhxret 8c Coftis, nullo itaque modo apparens, cuidam Ligarnen- torum axillarium inferitur, Dorfum ver- fus illud agens. 39. Rotundus minor. Oritur ex inferiore
Scapula? Latere, 6c inferitur in Cervicem. inferiorem Axillaris, furfum Dorfum ver- fus illud agens. |
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Pedis
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4
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of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe.
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99
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Pedis anterioris Cubitique Motor'es, quan- The Movers of the For e-foot and the Cubit or
quam plures fnt, quoniam haud magni Shank, though they are many, yet as all arc
Momenti funt, quatuordecim tantum Jla- not of the fame Moment, we fiali take no-
tuemus. tice only of fourteen of them.
40. Biceps. Duplici Origine : altero exte- 40. Biceps. It has a double Origin ; one
rius, tendinofo rotundoque nafcente e fu- outwardly, arifing tendinous and round |
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periore Cavitate Scapula?; altero ex an-
chora-formi ejufdem ProcefTu, partim ner- vofo, partim carnofo, fed latiorique pri- mo. Inde carnofus juxta interius Axillaris Caput defcendens, fuperiori Cubiti Capiti anterius paulumque interius inneclitur, quod antrorfum, furfum, introrfumque paulum movet. 41. Brachiaeus internus. Introrfum fub Bi-
cipite fitus, aliquantumque brevior eo ; carnofus tamen admodum. Oritur prope Finem Deltoides, in Medio fere Scapula, cui firmiter inhaeret. Inde priori fimilis Exteniione exit ad anteriorem Cubiti Par- tem prope Caput ejus, ibique infertus fur- fum illud agit. 42. Longus. Largus, fortifque oritur, par-
tim carnofus partimque nervofus, ex inte- riore Cofta Scapulae : Inde defcendens per pofteriorem Axillaris Partem, Cubiti Pro- celTui inferitur, Cubitum extendit. |
from the upper Cavity of the Scapula ;
the other from its anchor-form Procefs, partly nervous, partly flefhy, but broader nearer the Rife. Thence it defcends flefhy near the inner Head of the Shoulder, and a little lower and forwarder is infertéd in the upper Head of the Cubit, which it moves forwards, upwards, and a little in- wards. 41. Brachials internus. Seated inwardly
under the Biceps, and a little fhorter than that, but very ' flefhy. It rifes near the End of the Deltoides, almoft in the Mid- dle of the Scapula, to which it firmly cleaves. Then with an Extenfion like the former, it proceeds to the fore Part of the Cubit near its Head, and, being there in- ferted, works it upwards, 42. Longus. It rifes large and ftrong, partly
flefhy and partly nervous, from the inner Rib of the Scapula. Thence defending by the hinder Part of the Shoulder, it is inferted in the Procefs of the Cubitus, |
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which it extends.
43. Brevis. It rifes from the hind Part of
the Neck of the Shoulder, and following the Courfe of the former, is inferted in the Cubitus in the fame Part, but a little lower. It has the fame Office as the Longus. 44. Brachiaeus externus, which fome count
a Part of the Longus, as its Origin, Of- fice, and Infertions are the fame. 45. Anconeus. AfmallMufcle,rifmgfrom
the inner and hinder Part of the Shoulder. It is inferted in the Cubitus two Inches from the cubital Procefs, and has the fame Office as the Brevis. |
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43
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Brevis. Oritur è pofteriore Parte Cer-
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viceque Axillaris, & fequens priorem Cur-
fu, Cubito in eadem Parte, quas Longus, infertus eft, fed paruraper inferius, idem quod prior agens. 44. Brachiaeus externus, qui aliis Pars Longi
habetur, dum cum ilio eundemOriginem, Laborem, & Infertionem Partus eft. 45. Anconeus. Parvus Mufculus, ex inte-
riore & pofteriore Axillaris Parte ortus. Infertus eft Cubito duorum Pollicum Lati- |
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tudine
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a
agit.
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ProcefTu cubitali. Idem cum
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Brevi
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46. Cubitaeus internus. Oritur ex interiori 46. Cubitaeus internus. It rifes from the
Axillaris Capitulo, & interius Latus Cubiti inner Head of the Shoulder, and running |
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is
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perfequens, interiori & pofteriori Radii Ca-
piti fuperiori inferitur, illudque fleclit. |
along the inner Side of the Cubitus,
inferted in theinnerand hinder upper Head of the Radius, which it bends. 47. Radiarus internus. It has the fame Ori-
gin, Office, and Infertion as the former. 48. Cubitaeus externus. Arifing from the
outer Head of the Shoulder, and running along the Cubitus, it is inferted in the outer, and upper fore Part of the Head of the Radius, which it extends. 49. Radiasus internus. It refembles the laft
mentioned in its Rife, Extenfion, Infertion, and Ufe. 50. Plan- |
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47. Radiaeus internus* Eandem Originem,
Laborem, & Ir/ertionem cum priori haben 48. Cubitaeus externus. Ab exteriori Capi-
tulo Axillaris ortus, Cubitumque fequens, exteriori & anteriori fuperiori Radii Capi- tuli Parti infertus, illud extendens. 49. Radiaeus externus. Similis modo ditto
Ortu, Exteniione, Infertione, & Opere. |
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The Anatomical Defcription
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IOO
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50. Plantaris. It rifes flefhy from the lower
Plead, but foon going off in a long Ten- don, it is knit to the Bottom of the Foot, which it bends. 51. Sublimis. It rifes from the inner Head
of the Shoulder, and is inferted in the two upper fmall Bones, and in their Ap- pendix below the Radius. Its Ufe is to bend the Foot. 5 2. Profundus. Riling from the upper Part
of the Cubitus, it is inferted in the laft Lunar bone which clothes the Hoof. It alfo bends the Foot. 5 3. Extenfor magnus. It rifes from the outer
Head of the Shoulder, and its Tendon is knit to the outer fore Part of the third or laft of the three Bones of the Foot. Confequently its Ufe is to extend the Foot. N.B. The Multitude of Tendons proves there to be many other Mufcles in the Foot which contribute to its Motion; but thefe are fo obfcure, that they can be of no Ufe in our prefent Defìgn. Paflìng by them therefore, we will proceed to others, which conftitute fome vifible Part of the Body. Femur mcventium 17 in utraque funt. To move the Thighs there are 17 in each.
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50lq
5 1A
5*2
52CeOi
iImcu
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54. Pfoas, or the Loin-Mufcle. (By the
Thigh we mean that Bone which is joined to the Hip.) This Mulcle is feated in the Hollow of the Body, about the Vertebrae of the Loins. It rifes flefhy from the tranf verfe Proceflès of the two laft Vertebra of the Thorax, and the three former of the Loins. Thence defcending to the lower Side of the Os Ilium, it goes off at laft in a round and ftrong Tendon, which is inferted in the fore Part of the lower Head of the Thigh-bone at the Top. It works the Thigh forwards, and a little inwards. 55. Iliacus internus. It rifes with a tender
and flefhy Tendon from the lower Side of the Os Ilium, and being joined by* a Ten- don with the preceding Mufcle, is infert- ed in the lower Head of the Rotator or Thigh-bone. It has the fame Office as the former. 56. Peciinaeus. It rifes large and flefhy from
the Line of the Os Pubis, and by its Car- tilage, and is inferted in the inner Side of the Thigh-bone in its lower Head. It lifts and draws inwards the Bone of the Thigh. 57. Gluteus externus. It rifes very flefhy
from the Vertebrae of the Loins, the Spine of the Os Ilium, and the Os Sacrum. Then defcending obliquely, and extending upon endicem
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54. Ploas, five Lumbaris. (Femur intelli-
gimus effe illud Os quod Coxendici jun- gitur.j Hie Mufculus in Cavo Corporis fitus eft, circa VertebrasLumbarum. Car- nofus oritur e duarum ultimarum Thora- cis Vertebrarum tranfverfis Proceflibus, & tribus prioribus Lumbarum. Inde ad in- ferius Latus Offis Ilii defeendens, tandem in rotundum fortemque Tendinem abit, qui anteriori Parti inferioris Capitis Femo- ris Offis fuperiori Parti infertus eft. Fe- mur antrorfum & parumper introrfum agit. 55. Iliacus internus. Oritur teneri carno-
foque Tendine ex inferiore Latere Ilii Offis, jundufque Tendine cum priori Muf- culo, in inferius Caput Rotatoris feu Fe- moris Offis inferitur. Idem quod prior agit. 56. Pec~Hna:us. Oritur largus & carnofus è
Linea Offis Pubis, perque Cartilaginem ejus, & infertus eft interiore in Latere Fe- moris Offis inferiore in Capite ejus. Levat introrfumque trahit Fe mods Os. 57. Glutaeus externus. Admodum carnofus
oritur ex Vertebris Lumbaribus, Spina Offis Ilii, & Offe Sacro. Poftea oblique defeen- dens, & fuper Femoris Jun&uram & Cox- |
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of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe.
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101
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endicem extendens haud jam tain largus
donee in fortem definens Tendinem inte- riori Femoris Offis Lateri fupra Jundluram cum Tibia inferitur, quam fere attingere videtur. Femur retrorfum trahit & ex- tendit. 58. Glutaeus Medius. In Homine fub priori
qui ceteris major eft latet, fed longè ali- ter in Equo. Apparet in hoc major ce- teris, inque Medio aliorum duorum qui aeque fpeciandi funt. Oritur largus car- nofufque parum altius altero a Spina Offis Ilii in anteriore ejus Parte, & inde defcen- dens fuper Jundluram Femoris oblique re- pit ufque ad Caput inferius Femoris Offis, in cujus exteriori Parte Tendine forti, largo, & membranofo infertus eft. Ufus ejus eft, extendere Femur, & paululum. vertat extrorfum, uti fcilicet Equus fe ha- bet urinando. |
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the Joint of the Thigh and the Hip, not
being now fo large, it ends by Degrees in a ftrong Tendon, and is inferted together with the Tibia, above the Joint, in the inner Side of the Thigh-bone, feeming almoft to touch the Tibia. It draws back and extends the Thigh. 5 8. Gluteus Medius. In a Man it lies hid by the foregoing, which is larger than the reft ; but in a Horfe it is quite otherwife. Here the Medius is the largeft, and lies between the other two, which are equally obvious to the Sight. It rifes large and flefhy a little above the other, from the Spine of the Os Ilium in its fore Part, and thence defcending upon the Joint of the Thigh, it creeps obliquely to the lower , Head of the Thigh-bone, in the outer Part of which it is inferted by a ftrong, large, and membranous Tendon. Its Ufe is to extend the Thigh, and bend it a little backwards, jufr, as a Horfe ftands when, he ftales. 59. Glutaeus minor. It has the fame Origin
with the former in the Spine of the Os Ilium ; is round and flefhy at the Begin- ning, but grows broader as it proceeds: It defcends obliquely to the Side of the fecond or Medius, and is inferted in the lower Head of the Thigh-bone, in its outer Part. It has the fame Office as the Medius. 60. Triceps, or Quadriceps. It has four
Beginnings. The firft rifes in the upper Part of the Os Pubis, is very nervous, and defcending is inferted in the lower Head 61.of the Thigh-bone: The fecond has its
Origin from the lower Side of the fame Bone, is large and flefhy, and is inferted in the inner Part of the Thigh-bone, in the lower Head, but a little higher than 62.the former: The third has a flefhy and
nervous Head, and rifes fometimes from the whole lower Part of the Hip-bone about its Orifice, and near the Head of 63. the fecond: The fourth fprings from a
nervous and flefhy Origin at the Procefs of the Hip, and afterwards following the lower Dud of the Thigh-bone, it ends in a round Tendon, which is inferted with the Tendon of the Head of the firft, in the lower Head of the Thigh-bone. Thefe Mufcles keep the Thigh in, and ftrengthen and draw it; which is their only Ufe. 64. Iliacus externus, or Pyriformis. Among
the three following, which all go by the common Name of Quadrigemini, it is the longeft. It rifes from the lower and outer Part of the Os Sacrum ; thence inclines D d Rotatoria
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59. Gluteus minor. Cum modo dido eun-
dem habet Originem in Spina Offis Ilii. Initio rotundus & carnofus eft, fed latior fit procedens ; oblique defcendit ad Latus fecundi feu Medii, inque Caput inferius Femoris infertus eft, exteriori in Parte. Idem quod Medius agit. 60. Triceps, aut Quadriceps. A quatuor
Principiis. Primum oritur in fuperiori Parte Offis Pubis, admodum nervofus, & defcendens infertus eft in inferius Caput Of- 61. fis Femoris. Secundum, ab inferiori ejuf-
dem Offis Latere largus & carnofus exiftit, & in interiori Parte Femoris Offis, infe- riori in Capite, fed paulum altius quam 62. primus infertus eft. Tertium, Caput
carnofum nervofumque aliquando a tota inferiori Parte Coxendicis Offis circum Foramen ejus, & prope fecundi Caput. 63.Quartu.rn, emanat nervofo carnofoque Ori-
gine a Procefiii Coxendicis, pofteaque in- feriorem Femoris Offis Ductum fequens, in rotundum Tendinem exit, qui cum pri- mi Capitis Tendine, in inferiore Capite Femoris Offis infertus eft- Hi Mufculi Femur introrfum continent, & conformant trahuntque, neque illis alius Ufus eft. |
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64. Iliacus externus, ant Pyriformis. Inter
tres fequentes, qui fimul uno Nomine Qua- drigemini dicuntur, longiffimus eft. Ori- tur ab inferiori & exteriori Parte Offis Sa- cri, inde deorfum vergit, ad pofteriorem |
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^The Anatomical Defcrìption
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Ï02
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Rotatoris Partem, cujus inferioris Capitis
65. exteriori Parti infertus eft. Secundus & 66.tertius Nomine particulari carent, fed ambo ex Oflis Ifchii Protuberatione oriun- tur, atque cum priore eodem loco infe- 67.runtur. Quartus horum Quadratus dici- tur j carnofior latiorque caeteris eft. Ori- tur ex interiori Parte Protuberationis Oflis Ifchii, & diftat ad tres Pollices ab alteris ; fed Infertio ejus eadem eft. Ufus horum Musculorum eft Femur extrorfum rao- vendi. |
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downwards, to the hinder Part of the Ro^
tator, in the outer Part of the Head of*
65.which it is inferted. The fecond and
66. third want a particular Name, but both
rife from the Protuberance of the Os If-
chium, and are inferted with the firft in
67.the fame Place. The fourth of them is
called Quadratus ; and is more fleftiy and
large than the others. It rifes from the
inner Part of the Protuberance of the Os
Ifchium, and is three Inches diftant from
the others ; but has the fame Infertion.
The Ufe of thefe Mufcles is to move the
Thigh outwards.
68. Deltoides Femoris. It rifes from the
outer Protuberance of the Os Ilium with a ftiarp Beginning, but foon grows wider in a triangular Form, and with a large and membranous Tendon is knit to the outer Part of the Thigh-bone. It has the fame Aftion as the Quadrigemini, which is to turn the Bones of the Thigh outwards, as alfo the whole Appendix of the Thigh with the Tibia; 69. Obturator internus : So called from its
filling the Cavity between the Bones of the Thigh^ the Hip, and the Pubis. It rifes about the inner Side of the Orifice in the Os Ilium; thence proceding by the Extremities of the Hip-bone, where it is articulated with the Thigh, it is inferted in the Cavity of the Rotator. It works the Thigh about obliquely. 70. Obturator externus. It rifes from the
Extremity about the Orifice in the Man- ner above mentioned, with a broad and fleihy Beginning. It is afterwards infert- ed about the Inflexions of the Thigh-bone, in the above Manner, in the fame Cavity with the great Rotator. The Movers of the Tibia are ten in each Thigh.
71. Membranofus. It rifes from the upper
and outer Part of the Os Ilium, and near the Procefs of the Thigh-bone growing more membranous and large (whence it is called the broad Fafcia, becaufe it in- volves almoft the whole Thigh) it defcends to and involves the Patella, and at laft is inferted in the fore Part o£ the Shin-bone. It extends the Thigh, and turns it oblique- ly a little outwards, 72. Longus. It anfwers to the Sartorius in
a Man, and rifes from the fore and upper Part of the Os Ilium, with a fharp Origin and a ftrong Tendon ,• and while it ob- liquely extends downwards to the inner Side of the Thigh, it becomes, more flefhy, |
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68. Deltoides Femoris. Oritur ab exteriore
Oftis llii Protuberatione acri initio, fed Cito latius panditur in triangulari Forma, largoque & membranofo Tendine exteri- ori Femoris Oflis Parti inne&itur. Eun- dem quern Quadrigemini Actum habet, nempe exterius vertendi Femoris Oftà, totumque cum Tibia Femoris Appendi- ceal. 69. Obturator internus : Ab Officio quod
praeftat in explendo Cavitate inter Femo- ris & Coxendicis Pubifque Oflà. Oritur circum internum Latus Foraminis in Ofte Ilio, inde procedens per Extremitates Oflis Coxendicis, ubi cum Femore articulatur, in Rotatoris Cavitate infertus eft. Femur oblique circum agit. 70. Obturator externus. Ab Extremo La-
tere circum Foramen Modo di&o oritur, lato & carnofo Initio. Cervici poftea Fe- moris Oflis circum Inflexus, cum modo di<P-o in eadem Cavitate magni Rotatoris infertus eft. Idem quod prior agit. "tibia Motorum decern funt in utroque Femore.
71. Membranofus. Exoritur a fuperiori Parte
Oflis llii exterius, & prope Proceflum Oflis Femoris membranofus factus latiorque (in- de Fafcia lata diélus, quoniam totum fer- me Femur involvit) defcendens ad Patel- lam ufque, illam involvens, tandem Ti- biae Oflis anteriori Parti inferitur. Exten- dit Femur, & oblique parumper extrorfum illud vertit. 7 2. Longus. Sartorio in Homine refpondet,
acri Origine & Tendine forti ex anteriore fuperiorique Parte Oflis llii Appendicis oritur, & dum oblique deorfum ad inte- rius Femoris Latus extendit, carnofior ef- fcitur, talifque continua eft ufque dum |
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of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe.
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IÖ3
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Tibial Capiti fuperiori appropinquat; illic,
latiori Tendine, interiori ejus Lateri in- fertus eft. Hujus Mufculi Opere non fo- lum extenditur Femur, fed & introrfum fertur. 73. Rectus. Oritur ex inferiore Margine
Ilii Offis, rectaque deorfum fertur rotun- dus carnofufque ufque ad inferius Caput Femoris ^ Offis, & Rotulam complectens Procefiui anteriori Capitis fuperioris Ti- t»i^ inneaitur, quem extendit antrorfum- que agit. 74. Vaftus externus. Oritur largus & car-
nofus e Radice Rotatoris magni, feu Tro- chanteris, flrmiterque adherens Femoris Offi per ejus Longitudinem, defcendenf- que denique, haud longe ab Infertione ejus, in Tendinem latum fìrmumque abiens Redi Tendini admixtus 5 Patella? inha> rens tandem in Capite fuperiori innectitur Tibiae, fed in exteriore ejus Parte. |
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and continues to be fo till it comes near
the upper Head of the Tibia ; there, with a broader Tendon, it is inferred in its in- ner Side. By the Help of this Mufcle the Thigh is not only exuded, but is like- wile pulled inwards. 73. Rectus. It rifes from the lower Edge
of the Os Ilium and proceeds round and fleffiy directly downwards to the lower Head of the Os Femoris ; then, embrad the Rotula, it is knit to the fore Procefs* of the upper Head of the Tibia, which it extends and works forwards. 74. Vaftus externus. It rifes large and fieffiy
from the Root of the great Rotator, or Trochanter; and flicking clofe to the Thigh-bone its whole Length, and after- wards defcending, not far from its Infer- tion, it goes off in a broad and hard Ten- don, which mingles with the Tendon of the Rectus ; then cleaving to the Patella, it is at laff knit in the upper Head of the Tibia, but in its outer Part. |
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75. Vaftus internus. Oritur è Radice mi-
noris Trochanteris, atque Cervice Femo- ris Offis, Initio nervofo. Poftea carnofìor effectus ad Rotulam ufque defcendens cui cum aliis Tendinibus Recti Vaftique Cxterni commixtus inhasrens tandem eun- dem Infertionis Locum adipifcitur. Hie cum Recto & Vafto externo idem agunt. |
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75. Vaftus internus. It rifes from the Root
of the leffer Trochanter, and the Neck of the Thigh-bone, with a nervous Beginning. Grown afterwards more fleffiy, it defcends to the Rotula, to which cleaving, and mingling with the other Tendons of the Rectus and the Vaftus externus, it reaches at laft the fame Place of Infertion. It has the fame Office as the Rectus and the Vaf- tus externus. 76. Biceps. It rifes with a {harp and ner-
vous Tendon from the Appendix of the Hip, and proceeding to the outer Part of the Hip, it grows more flefhy towards the Middle, and receiving as it were a fecond Head, it thence defcends larger, and more nervous outwardly, till it goes off in a ftrong Tendon, which is inferted in the outer and back Part of the Appendix of the Tibia. It bends the Tibia by workino- it backwards. » 77 Semimembranofus, It rifes from ^ j
tleHeadoftheCoxendix, withatendr
and membranous Origin ; thence it de- fends in the back Side of the Thigh till « touches the Tibia, in which it is inferted n the fonder Part with a round Tend!
It has the fame office with the preceding ubftanc Th b hproceedalik «
the fame Part of the Hip, and then de-
scending obhquely become more flefhy in the hinder ana inner Part of the Thigh, and are inferted by a Tendon in the mid- dle Bone of the Tibia. They pull the Foot back. 79. G„. |
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76. Biceps. Oritur acuto nervofoque Ten-
dine ab Appendice Coxendicis, inque ex- teriorem Femoris Partem delatus circa Medium ejus carnofior factus, & fecun- dum quafi Caput accipiens, inde defcen- dens adhuc largior effeaus, nervofufque exterius, donec in fortem Tendinem abit, qui infertus eft in exteriori & pofteriori Parte Appendicis Tibiae. Fledit Tibiam retrorfum agendo* 77. Semimembranofus. Oritur ex Capitulo
Coxendicis, teneri & membranofoCapite; inde defeendit in pofterius Femoris Latus donec Tibiam tangit, cui in pofteri°n Parte rotundo Tendine infertus eft. I"em Officium cum prasdicto habet. 78. Seminervofüs. ASubftanda. Exeadem
Coxendicis Parte ieque procedentes duo enati, inde oblique in poftcrioii intenon- que Parte Femoris O/Es defcendens car- nofior fit j Tendo ejus medio Tibia* Offi inferitur. Retrorfum Pedem trabit» 4
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The Anatomical Defcription
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io4
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79. Gracilis. It rifes with a large Tendon
from the Middle of the Os Pubis, near its Joint, and defcends on the inner Side of the Thigh, till it comes to the Tibia, to the inner Part of which it is inferted almoft in the Manner above defcribed. 80. Poplitaeus. It rifes nervous and broad
from the outward Plead of the Thic-h grows more flefhy afterwards, and de- fending by the Thigh-bone, is knit to the hinder Part of the Head of the Tibia, which it moves obliquely. é |
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79. Gracilis. E Medio Pubis Ofiis largo
Tendine oritur, ad ejus prope Junduram, & defcendens ad interius Latus Femoris donee pervenit ad Tibiam, cujus etiam interiori Parti infertus eft prope Modo dido. 80. Poplitaeus. Afc éxteriori Capite Femo-
ris nervofus latüfqüe oritur, pofteaque car- nofìòr fadus, Femoris juxta Offem de- fcendens, Tibiae Capitis pofteriori Parti interius inneditur. Oblique Tibiam mo- vet hie Mufculus. |
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Muf culi Fibulam movent es, & tot am Pedis TheMufcles moving theFibula^orShank) and the
Appendicem3 wfunt. whole Appendixof'theFoot, are 11 inNumber. |
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81. Tibiaeus Amicus. A Situatiorie ejus fie
didus. Oritur carnofus & acutus e fu- periori Appendice Tibiae, & flrmiter huic Odi inhaerens per ejus Longitudinem, in ejus Fine in Tendinem abit; qui Ten- do fub Cartilagine" qui circum Juhctu- ram volviYur 'perrepens, in duo "aüt -tres dividitur Tendines, qui cundi Fibulae in- nexi funt anteriori in Parte. Pedem an- trorfum levat & agit. 82. Peronaeus Anticus. Oritur ex fuperiori
Appendice Tibise, perque Ofìls Longitu- dinem fe(e extendens ad inferius Caput ejus in Tendinem vertitur, qui Lateri ex- teriori adjacendo Junduram tranfit, & Fibulae exteriori Parti inferitur, quam cum Pede antrorfurh & pàrumper extrorfum agit. 83. Gemellus externus. Oritur fortis, largus
& tendinofus ex inferiore Capite Femoris, & ab ejus exteriori Capite; nam dupli- cem habet Originem, quae duo quidem Capita tantifper feparatim procedentes, an- te medium adhuc Longitudinem eorum junguntur, inque unum Tendinem cohe- rent, qui latus & fortis eft. Inferitur au- tem Olii ilio Appendici Radii qui Talum reprefentat. Fibulam extendere Officium ejus, & retrorfum illud agere. 84. Gafterocnemius, feu Gemellus internus.
Sub priori fttus eft, & oritur a pofteriori & interiori Proceffu Capitis Tibiae, & forti nervofoque Tendine quidem. Poftea in Medio fortior evadit, & tandem in Tendi- nem, qui cum priori conjundus eandem Infertionem facit adumque habet. |
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8 r. Tibiseus Anticus. So called from its Si-
tuation. It rifes fléfhy and fharp from the upper Appendix of thé Tibia, and flick- ing very clòfe. to the faid Bone its whole Length, goes off at the End of it in a Tendon; which Tendon creeping under the Cartilage, that is rolled about the Joint, is divided into two or three Ten- dons, which are all knit to the Fibula in its fore Part. It lifts the Foot and works it forwards. 82. Peronaeus Anticus. It rifes from the
upper Appendix of the Tibia, and ex- tending itfelf the Length of that Bone at its lower Head is converted, to a Ten- don, which lying clofe to the outer Side, paffes the Joint, and is inferted in the outer Part of the Fibula, which, with the Foot, it works forwards, and a little out- wards. 83. Gemellus externus. It rifes ftrong, laro-e,
and tendinous from the lower Head of the Thigh, and from the outward Head of the fame ; for it has a double Beginning. Thefe two Branches proceeding feparately a little way, before they have run half their Length are joined, and ftick together in one Tendon, which is broad and ftrong. It is inferted in that Bone which repre- fents a Heel, and is an Appendix of the Radius. Its Office is to extend the Fibula, and to work it outwards. 84. Gafterocnemius, or Gemellus internus.
It is feated under the former, and rifes from the. hinder and inner Procefs of the Head of the Tibia, with a very ftrong and nervous Tendon. Growing ftronger in the Middle, it goes off again at laft in a Tendon, which, being joined with the pre- ceding, has the fame Infertion, and the fame Office. |
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$5. Plantaris.
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of the Bones and -a
8$. Plantaris. Carnofus & rotundus (quam-
vis aliquando tener) inter duos priores ori- tur, & quidem ab inferioris Capitis Tibia: pofteriori Parte, inter duos Mufculos pri- ores eorumque Tendines deorfum exten- ditur, & fuper Junciuram vergens, inque pofterius Fibula: Latus defcendens, tandem fub ultimis duobus abiens Mufculis tertio inne&itur, retrorfum Pedem agens. Hi Mufculi ilium magnum Tendinem, qua? Chorda magna dicitur, in Talo efficiunt. 86. Tibialis pofticus. Oritur è fuperioris
Capitis Tibiae interiore Parte, & inde de- fcendens inter prius dicios Mufculorum Tendines, per Juncturam in Fibulas inte- rius Latus decurrens ufque ad tertium Os, ubi fub Pianta inferitur. Introrfum ob- lique Pedem mo vet. 87. Peronaeus pofticus. Ex fuperiori & po-
fteriori Tibia: Capite oritur, unde defcen- dens in exteriori Offis Latere firmiter illi àdhieret, donee Medium ejus attingit; inde tendinofus facìus, cumque Antici Pe- rona:i Tendine defcendens, in exteriori Parte Fibulae earn tranfgredit donee in Plantam Ungula: inferitur. Oblique ex- trorfum Pedem movet. 88. Flexor longus. Oritur ex fuperioris Ca-
pitis pofteriore Parte, Medioque tendino- fus fa&us, in anteriorem ejus Partem de- fcendens fuper Juncturam Fibulae & Tibia?, totam Longitudinem Pedis tranfmigrans tifque ad Ungula: Os, cui infra infertus eft. Pedem retrorfum movet, & exten- dit. 89. Flexor brevis. Oritur a Fibular fuperi-
oris Capitis pofteriore Latere, fub Protu- beratione feu Talo, eandemque Infertio- nem & Motionem habet cum priori. 90. Longus Tenfor. A Femore fub Patella
interims oritur, perque anteriorem Partem hujus Oflis defcendens, perque Longitu- dinem Fibula:, trium Oflium inferiorum in ultimo Offe anteriori Parte fuperius in- fertus eft. Pedem antrorfum extend it. 91. Extenfor brevis. Ex anteriore Parte Liga-
menti annularis oritur, illius qui Fibulam ambit fuperiori in Jun&ura ; defcendens cum priori.eandem Inferticnem & actum habet. |
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dufcles of a Horfe. 105
1. .1 Hi_______ I ' 1 ! ' ---------— .....
85. Plantaris. It rifes fleftiy and round
(though fometimes tender) between the two former, and from the hinder Part of the lower Head of the Tibia; is extended downwards between the faid two Mufcles and their Tendons, and turning over the Joint, and defcending into the hinder Side of the Fibula, at laft, going off under the laft two Mufcles, is knit to a third, work- ing the Foot backward sì Thefe Mufcles make that large Tendon in the Heel, which is called the Chord. 86. Tibialis pofticus. It rifes from the in-
ternal Part of the upper Head of the Ti- bia, and thence defcends between the fore- mentioned Tendons of the Mufcles, run- ning by the Joint to the inner Side of the Fibula quite to the third Bone, where it is inferted under the Bottom of the Foot. It moves the Foot obliquely inwards. 8 7. Peronaeus pofticus. It rifes from the up-
per and hinder Head of the Tibia, whence it defcends to the outer Side of the Bone» to which it fticks very clofe, till it comes to the Middle of it; thence^ grown ten- dinous, and defcending with the Tendon of the Peronaeus Anticus in the outer Part of the Fibula, which it croftes, it is at laft inferted in the Bottom of the Hoof. It moves the Foot obliquely outwards. 88. Flexor longus. It rifes from the inner
Part of the upper Head, and grown ten- dinous in the Middle, defcends in the fore Part upon the Joint of the Fibula and the Tibia, wandering over the whole Length of the Foot to the Bone of the Hoof, in which it is inferted below. It moves the Foot backwards, and extends it. 89. Flexor brevis. It rifes from the hinder
Side of the upper Head of the Fibula, under the Protuberance or Heel, and has the fame Infertion and Motion as the pre- ceding. 90. Longus Tenfor. It rifês from the Thigh
below under the Patella, and defcending by the fore Part of the faid Bone, and along the Fibula, it is inferted above in the fore Part of the laft of the three Bones that form the lower Foot. It extends the Foot forwards. 91. Extenfor brevis. It rifes from the fore
Part of the annular Ligament, that Liga- ment which encompaffes the Fibula in its upper Joint, and defcending with the pre- ceding, has the fame Infertion and the fame Office. |
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E ©
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Capitis
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v
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The Anatomical Defcription
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io6
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The Mufcles of the Head are 25 Pair.
92. There are three Pair that ferve to"the
Motion of the Eyes. Two that open
them are leafed in the upper Margin of 93. the Bone which receives the Eye in its
Cavity or Socket. 94. The fecond Pair, which fhuts them, ar©
feated about the Eyelids, fo as to inclofe 95. them ; and faftened within to the cir-
cular Margin. 96. The third Pair, which lome take only
for one Mufcle, does not properly offi-
ciate for the Eye, but only accidentally, and that is the frontal Mufcle. 97. Four Pair move the Nofe. One is called
98. the adducent Pair: The iêcond, the Pair
that draws up, and by fome the Del- toides, which are divided in the Middle 99. of the Nofe. The third is the adducent
Pair, fèated in the fore Part of the Nofe, 100. over the Lip: The fourth Pair, which
has the fame Office, is fituated among the Bones of the Nofe. 101. There are léven Pair that move the
Lips. The Quadratus draws the Lips back, and almoft forms the Sides of them. 102. Secondly, the Follaris or Bucca poffeffes
the whole Cheek up to the Eyes, and riling from the upper, is inferted in the 103. lower Jaw. The third Pair draw the
Lips up, in the fore Part of the upper 104. Jaw. The fourth Pair are the Abdu-
cents, and rife under the Os Jugale. 105. The fifth is the Jugal Pair, or Parjuge-
maticum, which rifes from the Procels of the Os Jugale. All thefe move the 106. upper Lip. The flxth Pair are theDe-
preffors. They ferve the lower Lips, and rife from the Sides of the lower 107. Jaws. The feventh Pair draw obliquely
back a little, and are feated fomewhat under the former. 108. To move the lower Jaw there are five
Pair. The temporal Mufcle rifes in the Temporal-bone, and is inferted in the leffer Procefs of the Jaw, and draws it 109. upwards. The fecond Pair are theDe-
preffors. They rife from the little Bones of the Style, or Jaw-like-bone of the Temples or Occiput, and are inferted in the hinder Protuberance of the Jaws, 1 io. which they draw downwards. The Maf-
toides, riling from the upper Jaw, is out- wardly knit into the under. Its Ulè is in in. chewing. After thefe is the Pterigoide-
um, placed towards the Neck, the firft the external, and under that the internal 4 112, in- |
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Capitis Muf culi 25 funi Paria.
92. Oculorum Motioni tria Paria infervi-
unt. Duo qui eos aperiunt, funt fìtas
93. in Offis fuperiori Margine, qui Oculos
Cavitate fua ampleétitur. 94. Secundum Par, qui claudunt eos, cir-
cum Palpébras fitae funt, ita ut illas
95. includant, & affixas interius Margini cir-
culari. 96. Tertium Par, quod vel unus Mufculus
quibufdam habetur, haud proprie Ocu- lis infervit, fed tantum accidentaliter, & ille eft frontalis. 97. Nafum movent 4 Paria. Abducentium
98. unum dicitur Par. Secundum furfum
attrahens Par etiam quibufdam Deltoi- des dicitur ; in Medio Nali dividuntur. 99. Tertium Par adducit Nafum, & in an-
teriori Parte Nali fupra Labrum ; & 100. quartum Par, quod idem agit, intra Nafì
Oflà iitum eft. 101. Labia moventum feptem Paria funt.
Quadratus cletrahens Labia fere ipla ef- 102. ficit in Latere eorum. Secundum, Fol-
laris feu Bueca, totum Latus occupat ad Oculos ufque, & natus ex fuperiori, 103. inferiori Maxillze infertus eft. Tertium
Par attollentium Labia eft, in anteri- 104. riora fuperioris Maxillae. Quartum Par
Abducentium eft, fub Jugali Offe or- 105. tus. Quintum Par Jugale, feu Zuge-
maticum, oritur ex ProcefTu Oftìs Ju- galis. Hae omnia fuperium Labrum mo- 106. vent. Sextum Par Deprimentes funt.
Inferioribus Labris infervit, oritur ex 107. Lateribus Maxillarum inferiorum. Sep-
timum Par oblique detrahens eft pau- lum, paulum fub ilio fitus eft. |
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108. Maxillam inferiorem movent quinque
Paria. Temporalis in Temporis Offe oritur, Sc minori Proceffui Maxillae in- 109. feritur, furfumque illum trahit. Secun-
dus Deprimens eft. Oritur ex Styli feu Maxillae -formis Officulis Temporis Oftìs feu Occipitis, & pofteriori Colta? Maxillarum infertus eft- deorfum illos 11 o. trahit. Maftoides, ex fuperiori Maxilla
ortus, in inferiorem exterius inneciitur. in. Mandiendo infervit. Pterigoideum poft
hos politura Cervicem verfus videmus, primoque externum, fecundo fub ilio |
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of the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe.
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107
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112. One. They rife from the Wing-like-
bone under the Os Jugale, and are in- ferted in the lower Jaw. It feparates the Teeth, or opens the Mouth, and moves the lower Jaw forwards. 113. Four Pair govern the Ears. The firft
are the Drawers-up. They rife from the forehead Mufcle forwards, and are 114. inferted in the Root of the Ear. The
fecond Pair draw back. They rife from the mamillary Procefs, and are knit be- low in the Root of the Ear with a triple 115. Tendon. The third Pair are the Ad-
ducents, and are taken for Part of the 116. Quadratus Labiorum. The laft are the
Abducents. They rife from the Occi- put, and are inferted in the fore Part of the Ear, which they turn back. End of the Explanation.
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j 12. internum. Ab Offe Alae-fimili ortus
Tub Jugali, inferiori Maxilla inferun- tur. Dentes femovit, feu aperit Os, & antrorfum Maxillam inferiorem mo- vit. |
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11
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Aures quatuor Par reguntur. Frimum
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Par attollens dicitur. A frontis Muf-
culo antrorfum oritur, & Auri in Ra- |
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114.
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dice infertus eft. Detrahens fecundus
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eft. Ex mamiilari Proceffu oritur, &
inferius in Radice Au ris neétitur tri- 115. plici Tendine. TertiusAurem Addu-
cens eft, Pars creditur Quadrati Labi- 11 6. orum efië. Abducens ultimum Par eft.
Oritur ex Occipite, & Auri antror- fum infertus eft, retrorfum Aurem vertit. |
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Explications Finis.
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Here follows a fmple andfhort Explanation
of the Mufcles, the Number of them to each Part, and their Office!. Of the Mufcles of the Head, and jirjl thofe
of the Eyes. THE Opener.
The Shutter. The frontal Mufcle. To move the Nofe.
The abducent Mufcle.
The Puller-up.
The external adducent Mufcle.
The internal.
'Jo move the Lips,
The four-fquare Drawer. The Trumpet or Bellows. The Lifter-up. The Abducer. The jugal Mufcle. The Depreïïêr. The oblique Drawer: The lower Jaw h moved by,
The temporal Mufcle.
The Depreffer.
The Maffeters or Chewers.
Mufcle! of the Ear,
The Lifter-up.
The Puller-back. The Adducer. The Abducer. Caput
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Sequitur fmplex Mufculorum, quod cuivis
Partiinferviunt, quidque aguntsExplicatio Brevior. Capiti infervientes, & quidem primum
Oculis. |
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|
1. A Periens —
f± 2. Claudens
3. Frontalis -------- Nafum moventes,
1. Abducens -------
2. Surfum trahens -
Adducens exterior |
92
94
96 |
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|
97
98 99
100
|
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|
4-
|
Adducens interior —
|
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|
Labia moventes.
1. Quadratus detrahens
|
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|
101
102
103
104 105 106 107 108
109 no III 112
|
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|
2,
3'
4 5 |
Bucca feu Follis
Attollens ------
Abducens
Jugale |
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|
6. Deprimens —"""""
7. Detrahens obliquus -----:
Maxillam movent inferiorem,
Temporalis .------•
Deprimens-------■
Maftoides ----—
Pterigoidaeus exterior -----
Pterigoidaeus interior -----
|
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|
Auriuffl Muf culi.
i. Attollens --------
2. Detrahens ■------
3. Adducens-------;
-4. Abducens «------•
|
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|
113
I I4
115
Il6 |
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23-
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io8
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|
^he Anatomical Defeription
|
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|
'Caput movent es funt antrorfum.
i. Sternoides --------
2. Obliquus inferior -------•
Retrorfum.
Splenitis --------
Complexus --------
Parvus & craffus
Reétus major Rectus minor |
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|
Thefe move the Head forwards.
The Breaft-bone Mufcle.
The lower oblique Mufcle. Backwards.
The Splenius.
The complex Mufcle.
The fmall thick Mufcle.
The greater? . . _ _ ri
The leffer Jrlght MufcIe*
The upper oblique Mufcle.
N. B, When thefe Mufcles ad on both.
Sides, they perform the Office here af- figned them ; but if one of them only pulls, it always bends the Head towards its own Side. Here follow the Movers of the Neck.
|
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|
j
8
2
3
4
5
6 7
|
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|
i
2
3
4 |
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S
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—-6. Obliquus fuperior ___, ^^^
|
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|
8
|
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|
TV". 5. Hi Mufculi fi ambo agunt id efE-
cere dicuntur, fed fi ex uno Latere folus quidam agit, femper in fuam Par- tem Caput flectit. |
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|
Colli fequuntur MotoreS*
iletrorjum.
i. Spinatus -:-------
2. Tranfverfalis -------
3. Cucullaris--------
Antrorfum.
1. Longus Colli--------
.2. Scalenus
|
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|
Backwards,
> ■Muicle. |
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The fpinal
|
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9
10 |
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|
The tranfverfe^ „^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The Monk's Hood.
Forwards.
The long Neck Mufcle* The triangular Mufcle. What we remarked of the Movers of the
Head, namely, that fcngly they draw the Head their own way, but both together either backwards or forwards, is true here. The Thorax or Chef is moved,
In contrasting it, by The internal and external Intercollals The triangular Breaft Mufcle. The Holy-Loin Mufcle. In Mating it for Reflation, by
i he Subclavian Mufcle. The larger fore Saw-like Mufcle. The upper hind Saw-like Mufcle. The lower hind Saw-like Mufcle.' The defcending Neck Mufcle The Midriff. The Benders of the Back.
The longeft Back Mufcle. The foursquare Mufcle. The holy Mufcle. The femi-fpinal Mufcle. The Shoulder-blade is moved,
Upwards and forwards, by
The Lifter or Heaver. Upwards and backwards, by
The rhomboidal Mufcle. Forwards, by
The leffer fore Saw-like Mufcle. Backwards, or upwards towards the Back bv
The Monk's Hood. ' J Humerum
|
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|
27
|
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|
ir
12
|
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|
Idem quod diximus de Capitis Motoribus,
quod nempe fingulus in fuum Latus movet, cum ambo aut antrorfum aut retrorfum id agant, hie verum eft. Thoracem movent,
Contrahendo,
1 Jntercoftales interni & externi 3 2,2 5,6 *7
20 |
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|
Dilatando Refpirationi,
i. Subclavium -------- 2. Major Serratus Anticus
3. Serratus fuperior Pofticus
4. Serratus Pofticus inferior
5. Cervicalis defcendens
40—-6. Diaphragma-------- Dorfum Intendentes.
|
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|
*3
14
16
19
18
|
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|
1.
2.
3-
-4.
|
LongiiTìmus Dorfì —
Quadratus ------*•
Sacer --------
Semi-fpinatus
|
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|
21
22
24 23
|
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|
Scapulam movent,
Surfum & antrorfum,
1. Levator —— Surfum & retrorfum,
1. Rhomboides --------
Antrorfum,
1. Serratus minor Anticus Li. Retrorfum feu furfum Dorfum verfus- 4-—-1. Cucullaris . |
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|
28
|
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|
3o
|
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|
29
|
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|
27
|
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|
the Bones and Mufcles of a Horfe.
|
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|
109
|
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|
o
|
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|
Humerum ?novent,
Stirfurn feu antrorfum,
Deltoides -------•
Supra-fpinatus
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
'The Shoulder is moved.
Upwards or forwards, by
The Delta-like triangular Mufcle.
The upper fpinal Mufcle
Downwards or backwards, by
The very broad 7 Mufc]e_
1 he larger round 3
Forwards, by
The pe&oral 1 x , r ,
rri r ., , J-Muicle. 1 he caracoidal ) Backwards, By
The inner ipinal7
The upper blade j-Mufcle.
The lefler round J
The laft five Mufcles do not Co much move
the Shoulder-blade, as the Shoulder itfelf.
TheMovers of theCubtt-boneperform theirOffice
By bending it, as
The double headed ?MufcJe> The inner arm 3 Or by extending it, as
The long |
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|
31
32 33
34 35
36 37
38 39
Scapu-
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|
j..
1.
2.
|
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|
Deorfum feu retrorfum,
Latiflimus —— |
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|
Rotundus major ——.
antrorfum,
Pecìoralis -------.
Caracoidxus ------■*-
Retrorfum,
|
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|
1.
2.
|
Infra Spinattis --------
|
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|
Sub Scapularis -----•
—3. Rotundus minor ■-----
Ultimi quinque Mufculi non tam
Jam quam Humerum movent Cubiti Flexor es id faciunt
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vel flettendo, ut
Biceps . Brachiaeus internus
Vel extendendo, ut Longus --------
Brevis ■
Brachiaeus externus
Anconeus -------- |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1.
2.
1.
2.
3-
'4- |
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|
40
41 42
43
44 45
|
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|
The fhort
|
►Mufcle,
|
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|
The outer arm
|
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|
The anconeal J
The/e bend the Radius or Shank.
The inner Cubit )Af n
rp, 0i , >Muicle. Ine inner bhank)
Thefe extend it.
The outer Cubit7Mufcle>
The outer Shank)
'The Benders of the three Bones of the Feet.
The fublime 1
The profound > Mufcle.
The folar J
Their Extenders.
The large Pair. Mufcles of the Thigh.
To bend it forwards.
The Loin Mufcle. The inner Haunch Mufcle. Upwards and inwards.
The Comb-like Mufcle. To bend it backwards, or to extend and turn it a little outwards. The greater Buttock Mufcle. The middle Buttock Mufcle. The leffer Buttock Mufcle. To bend it outwards.
The Pear-like Mufcle, or firft of the 4 Twins, The fecond of the Quadrigemini» The third. F f 4« Qüa~
|
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|
Radium movent Flexores.
1. Cubitaeus internus ——M—
2. Radiaeus internus -----
Et Extenfores.
1. Cubitaeus externus —&
2. Radiasus externus —■.
Trium Pedis Offtum Flexores*
|
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|
46
47
48
49 |
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|
Sublimis -i------
Profundus ,
Plantaris , --------
Extenfores.
Extenfor magnus — Femoris Mufculi.
Flexores antrorfum.
Pfoas -<------
Iliacus internus
|
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|
1.
2.
3-
|
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|
5»
52
50 53
|
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|
8.
|
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|
54
|
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|
1.
2,
|
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|
55
Sur f urn &1 introrfum.
3. Pe&inaeus ------- 56
Retrorfum, feu Extendentes & paulum ex-
trorfum Vertentes. 1. Gluteus major ,-----— 57
2. Gluteus medius ----- 58
3. Glutaeus minor -----, 59
Extrorfum Flexores* '
1. Quadrigeminus primus pyriformis 64
2. Quadrigeminus fecundus 65
3. Quadrigeminus tertius —■ 66
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
'The Anatomical Defcription
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
no
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
4. Quadrigeminus quartus, feu Quadra- The fourth, or the four-fquare Mufcle.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
67
68 60
61 62 63
70
69 |
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|
tus
Deltoides Femoris __
Introrfum Flexores.
Quadricipitis Pars prima Ejufdem fecunda — -----------tertia •—
-----------quarta —
Oblique FleBentes.
Obturator externus Obturator internus — Tibia Muf cult.
Extenfores.
Membranofus — Longus — Rectus ——
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The Delta-like Mufcle of the Thigh.
To bend it inwards.
The firft Head of the Quadriceps. The fecondi The third >of the fame.
The fourth J To bend it obliquely.
The outward Stopper, or Filler-up. The inward Stopper. Mufcles of the Tibia or Leg.
|
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|
1.
2.
3-
4-
1.
ty—2.
|
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|
Extenders.
|
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|
The membranous
The long The right |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1.
2.
3-
4. 5-
1.
2.
3-
4-
|
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|
71
72 73
74 75
76
11
78 79 80
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
►Mufcle.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vaftus externus
Vaftus internus Flexores.
|
The vaft external
|
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|
The vaft internal
|
J
|
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|
Benders,
The two-headed |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Biceps -------
Semi-membranofus
Semi-nervofus Gracilis — |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The half membranous
|
► Mufcle.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The half nervous
The flender To bend it obliquely.
The Ham Mufcle. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Oblique FleSlens.
Poplitaeus ■ Radii Mufculi.
Flexores ejus funt.
Tibiasus Anticus Peronaeus Anticus Extenfores. Gafterocnemius externus Gafterocnemius internus Plantaris ■ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
10-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mufcles of the Radius.
Its Benders.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
fore tibial ?iu r 1
fore peroneal or fibular) e'
|
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|
TheThe
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
81
82 83
84 85
86
87 |
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|
1.
2.
1.
2.
3-
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Its Extenders.
The external 1 ^ n The internalJGafter0Cnemius- The folar Mufcle. Obliquely outwards.
The hind tibial ix* £ \ The hind peroneal 3 Mufcles moving the lower Foot.
Benders.
The long 7 _ , The &ortJBenden Extenders,
Theeì°ort]Extender-
|
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|
Extrorfum oblique.
1. Tibiasus pofticus --------
.2. Peronasus pofticus
Imum Pedem moventes Mufculi.
Flexores.
1. Longus Flexor --------
2. Brevis Flexor --------
Extenfores.
1. Longus Extenfor -----
2. Brevis Extenfor -----
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
88
89 90
91 |
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|
Characlerum
3 |
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|
of the Bones and Mufcks of a Horfe.
|
|||||||||||||||
|
itt
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Char after iwi Mufculos in Figuris Indican- Explanation of the References that point out
tium Explicatio. the Mufcks in the Plates. |
|||||||||||||||
|
PLATE VI.-
|
|||||||||||||||
|
O. Deltoides Scapulae.
P. Dentatus major Anticus.
Q^ Serratus, aut Dentatus Pofticir-
R. Cucullaris, aut Trapezius.
S. Sacro-Lumbaris.
Z. Vaftus externus.
A. Gluteus anterior.
0. Glutasus medius.
r. Gluteus pofterior.
T. Longiffimus Dorfi.
U. Semi-Spinatus.
W. Obliquus defcendens.
X. Deltoides Femoris.
Y. Reftus;
E VII.
g. Depreflbr Cubiti.
h. Brachiasus externus.
i. Longus.
k. Biceps.
/. Longi, Bicipitis, & Brachi» Tendinis In-
fertioj Infertion of the Tendon of the Longus, Biceps, and Brachiasus. m. Cubitaeus externus.
n. Radiaeus externus.
0. Extenfor magnus.
p. Radiaeus internus. q. Cubitzeus internus. A. Tranfverfalis Abdominis.
2. Ventris Redus. 2. Obliquus defcendens. IX Biceps Femoris. r. Gafterocnemius externus. f. Gafterocnemius internus. t. Tibius. u. Flexor Fibulae. Fig- 3-
A. Maftoides.
B. Philtrum.
C. Labia Claudens.
D. Cucullaris.
E. Tranfverfalis, Colli.
F. Spinatus Colli.
G. Triangularis.
H. Trigeminus, aut Complexus.^
1. Sternoides.
K. Subclavius. L. Deltoides Scapulae.
M. Proceflus cartilaginofus Scapulae.
N. Spina Scapulae.
O. Supra-Spinatus.
P, Infra-Spinatus.
Q^ Bicepsi
|
|||||||||||||||
|
FRontalis.
B. Temporalis. |
|||||||||||||||
|
A.
|
|||||||||||||||
|
C. Au ris Motores, Ear Movers.
D. Palpebras Moventes, Eyelid Movers.
E. Philtra nominati Narium Motores 7 Nofe
F. Nares Adducens \ Movers.
G. H. Longum Par Colli.
I. Scalenus, aut Triangularis.
K. Trigeminus, aut Complexus.
L. Sternoides.
M. Scapularium Mufculorum Mafia, Mafsof
fcapulary Mufcles.
N. Peciorales Mufculi. PLAT
Fig. 2.
A. Frontalis.
B. Temporalis.
C. Maftoides.
D. Palpebrarum Motor.
E. Philtrum Nares movens.
F. Alter Narium Motor.
G. Labia Claudens.
H. MafTeter Scalenus. I. Trigeminus aut Complexus.
JC. Trigeminus.
L. Sternoides.
M. Subclavius.
N. Pecioralis.
O. Deltoides Scapula.
P. Dentatus major Anticus.
Q^ Trapezius.
R. Dentatus pofticus.
S. Sacro-Lumbaris.
T. Longus Dorfi.
W. Obliquus defcendens.
V. Semi-fpinatus.
U. Proceflus cartilaginofus Scapulae, The
cartilaginous Procefs of the Scapula.
X. Deltoides Femoris. Y. Redus. Z, Vaftus externus. A. 1 f anterior. ©.{-Gluteus < medius.
T. j (.pofterior. a. Triangularis feu Spleniuf
$. Spinatus. f. Complex!, aut Trigemini Partes. d. Supra-Spinatus Scapulas.
e. Spina Scapulae.
f. Infra-Spinatus Scapulas
|
|||||||||||||||
|
The Anatomical Defcription^ Sec.
|
||||||||||||
|
112,
|
||||||||||||
|
A. Medius Gluteus.
2. Glutaeus pofterior.
IX Vaftus externus.
2. Biceps pofterior.
$, £2. Lividus aut Peciinalis.
¥. Semi-nervofus.
a. Cubitajus externus.
b. Radiseus externus.
e. Extenfor magnus. d. Radiams internus.
e. Cubitseus internus.
ƒ. Peronaeus anticus. g. Peronaeus pofticus. h. Gafterocnemius externus.
|
||||||||||||
|
Q± Biceps.
R. Dentatus major anterior,
S. Longus Cubitalis.
T. Brachiaeus externus.
V. Dentatus pofterior.
U. Sacro Lumbaris.
W. Longus DoriL
X. Obliquus afcendens.
Y. Obliquus defcendens.
Z. Deltoides.
D. Rectus Abdominis.
r. Biceps Femoris.
A. Longiffimi Dorfi Portio,
0. Glutaeus anterior.
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FINIS.
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SUPPLEMENT:
CONSISTING OF
CHOICE RECEIPTS
For moffc of the
Distempers to which HORSES are incident,
According to the beft modern Practice.
Communicated by feveral Perfons of the fìrft Diftincìion in the Knowledge
of Horfes in this Kingdom.
THE Proprietor of this Work would have done honour to himfejf, and pleafure
to the Publiek, had he been permitted by thofe noble Perfons who favour'd him with their Receipts, to infert their Names ; but as that, in fuch aWork as this, could not be complied with, it is hoped the Encouragers of this Undertaking will excufe the Omiffion : And if any Receipts mentioned in this Supplement fhould agree with the Tranflations of the Receipts of Saunter, the Publiek is defired to excufe that alfo; they being faithfully tranfmitted as they came to the Proprietor's Hand. But if our Countrymen have made any Additions „or Improvements in this noble Art, we cannot doubt but the fame will with pleafure be approved of and encouraged by Europi in general, and thefe Kingdoms in particular. Receipt for a Coldi by Sir John Lowther.
One Ounce of Rue, two Ounces of Tar, and as much frefh Butter: mix them together
with Powder of Liquorice, Annifeeds, Nutmegs, and brown Sugar-Candy. Make them into three Balls, and put into a Ball two or three Cloves of Garlick; give one, and then walk a while. A Drink for a Cold, by the fame.
One Ounce of Elicampane, one Ounce of Powder of Liquorice, one Ounce of Powder
of Annifeeds, one Ounce of Sugar-Candy, a quarter of an Ounce of Butter, half a Pound of Honey, a quarter of a Pound of Treacle, a Handful of the Leaves of Rue, three Heads of Garlick, the Rue and Garlick minced fmall together : boil them in a Quart of Ale about half an Hour; then take it off the Fire, put in the other Ingredients, flir it well toge^ ther till 'tis almoft cold, and give it the Horfe. The Horfe muft have warm Water a Day after. Three Drinks cures moft Colds. There muft be two or three Days between every Drink. An excellent Ointment for watry Legs, by Monfëur Foubert.
Take two Quarts of Milk, a Pound of fine Flour, a Pound of Honey, half a Pound of
Turpentine, an Ounce and an half of black Pitch, half an Ounce of Sulphur, two Spoon- fuls of Oil of Olives; put the Milk and the Flour together over a gentle Fire, and mix them ; then put in the other Ingredients, and let them ftand theje till the whole is diffolved and incorporated together. Cut the Horfe's Flair as clofe as you can, and drefs with this Ointment every Day, as hot as he can bear it, till die Sore begins to dry; after which every other Day'is fufficient. Another.
Take white Mercury, and black Soap, well mixed, and rub the Sores with it.
G g Foot
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SUPPLEMENT.
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Foot Ointment.
Take a Pound of Mutton Suet without any Skin, a Pound of Hog's Lard, half a Pound of Turpentine, half a Quartern of yellow Wax, and a Quartern of Oil of Olives : melt the Fat, the Oil, and the Wax together over a gentle Fire, and when they are half dif- folved put in the Turpentine. Let them take two or three Boils after they are all well incorporated, and then {train for Ufe. V
A Salve for Horfes Hoofs-, from Petworth.
Four Ounces of Venice Turpentine, half a Pint of Salad Oil, half a Pint of Linfeed Oil, Hogs Lard and fweet Butter of each half a Pound, Mutton Suet half a Pound, two Ounces of Burgundy Pitch, four Ounces of Bees-Wax and Rofin ; boil them all together, and anoint the Hoofs within and without, as need mail require. For the Greafe in the Heel.
Let Honey and white Copperas be mixed together, and apply it to his Legs till he be well. Another.
Take Gun-Powder, black Sope, and Verdigreafe; put it into old Steel, and clean the
Legs once a Day, For the Farcy, from Stockpool.
A Handful of Rue, a Handful of Wormwood, half a Pound of Bole Armoniac, and
two Ounces of Oil of Spike ; put all together in a Quart of old Beer and give it the Horfe luke-warm. No Meat for twelve Hours before, nor twelve Hours after. No Water for twenty-four Flours after. Keep the Horfe very warm for three Days after. How to drefs the Sores.
You rauft take eight Pennyworth of the Oil of Vitriol, four Pennyworth of the Oil
Origenum, and mix it in a Glafs ; lay it on with a Feather. To manage a Horfe with the Farcy.
Sugar-Candy beaten to Powder, half an Ounce of the beft Venice Treacle, a quarter of a
Pound of Honey, and three Spoonfuls of the beft Salad Oil ; it muft be given luke-warm. After you have given it the Horfe, clothe him well, and tie him to the Rack four Hours; then give him a little Hay, then a little fcalded Bran, and afterwards warm Water, with Oatmeal Flour to colour it ; next Day Bran, Hay, and the Water as before ; the third Day- walk him gently in the Day, and water him with cold Water; the fourth Day, give another Drink, and feed him as before : and in three or four Days after bleed him in the Liver- Vein. Another Receipt for the Farcy^ from the Farrier at Bricks.
Half a Pound of Savine, half a Quartern of Sena, half a Quartern of Lawrel Berries, half
a Quartern of Sulphur, a Quartern of Alum, a Quartern of Cummin Seeds : mix them all together fmall, and give it him in Oats three Mornings, the Horfe failing twelve Hours before. For a Shoulder-Jlipt or Stiff.
Firft bleed on the Plate-Vein ; then take of Oil of Turpentine, of Oil of Camomil, of
Oil of Millepedes, of Oil of Peter or Petreole, of each an equal Quantity : rub it and chaff it in all over.
For the Farcy.
Let the Horfe be blooded on the Full of the Moon more than ordinary ; the next Day
give this Drink Milk-warm. Take one Pound of Alum, fix Drachms of the blackeft Sort of Aloes, half a Pound of Honey, and three Ounces of Brimftone-flour : put the Alum, Honey, and Brimftone, into two Quarts of Ale, and let it boil to one Quart ; and when it is almoft cold, put in the Aloes ready pulveris'd: mix all well together, ride your Horfe very well before, and afterwards give it him. ]f the firft do not cure him, repeat the fame again ten Days after, two or three times. Another
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SUPPLEMENT.
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Another from Mr. de la Coudrier, tried.
Firft bleed the Hoffe on the Full of the Moon ; the next Day flit him open in the Fore-
Head ; melt a big Mufket Ball, or pour into it two Drachms of Quickfilver : cover it over with a Plaifter of Pitch, and let it lie till the Hcrfe is cured. It will prevent any Farcy at the firft Difcovery. It has been tried with Succefs. For the Greafe in Ireland.
Take Snails in quantity, and mam them together; a proportionable quantity of Oatmeal
and Milk ; mix them all well together, make a Poultice of it, and fallen them to the Legs. For the Farcy, from Capt. Gore.
One Ounce of Quickfilver, a quarter of a Pound of Englifh Sope, difiblve them in a
Quart of Ale ; then take of Saffron and Rue, each a Handful, beat them in a Mortar with four Ounces of Oil of Turpentine: ftrain the Juice in the Ale, give it the Horfe in the Morn- ing, keeping him fix Hours fafting. For the Farcy.
Take Herb of St. John's Wort, beaten with Pepper, Salt, and Vinegar; put it in the
two Ears, and tie the Ears faft till it hath cured him. For the Heat of the Feet or Foundering.
Pare the Feet as thin as you can, and keep the Heels as well open as you can; then with a Rafp, rafp the outfide of the Foot, almoft to the Blood, and up to the Crown of the Foot ; then put into it frefh Butter, and on the outfide alfo, and keep the Feet always moift, and take care to fhoe the Horfe, fo as the Foot may open and fpread upon it. For the Greafe, from Capt. Davenport.
Take Roots of Birtworth, Turmerick, Annifeeds, fweet Fennel Seeds, of each one Ounce. For a Cold.
Three quarters of an Ounce of Aloes, two Drachms of Jalap, two Drachms of Sena, two
Drachms of Cream of Tartar, made up with a little Powder of Liquorice and Flour of Brimftone, in one Ounce of Syrup of Rofes. For a Cold.
One Ounce of Diapente in Powder, one Ounce of Flour of Brimftone, a Pennyworth
of London Treacle, made up with white Wine, for one Dofe. For the breaking a Cold.
A Spoonful of Honey, about the Bignefs of a Walnut of Alum, in powder, a quarter
of a Pint of white Wine Vinegar; give it the Horfe, half in one Noftril, half in the other ; two Mornings will be fufficient. Another Purge, not f o f rong as the other.
One Ounce of Aloe Succotrine, as much Diapente as will cover a Sixpence, Flour of
Brimftone andj>eam of Tartar, the fame Quantity. Receipt for a Cold.
Two Quarts of the beft Beer, boil it to one by Scumming of it ; then take half an Ounce
of Venice Treacle, two or three Pennyworth of Saffron; ride the Horfe well, and clothe him very warm ; and when he hath fweated cool him by degrees. Give it him for three or four Mornings, keeping him fafting. You may give him fome Honey, Elicampane, and Flour of Brimftone, or fome Saffron in his Oats. For a broken or Jhort-winded Horfe.
Take two Handfuls of Alehoof, one Handful of Groundfil, three Sprigs of Celandine, three Sprigs of Rue, all picked clean, fix Cloves of Gariigk picked; chop them as fmall as poffible,
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SUPPLEMENT.
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poffible, and put them in a Quart of Ale which hath been boiled and fcummed, and boil
them till a fourth part be boiled aw7ay ; then put in two Ounces of brown Sugar-Candy, beaten to powder, half an Ounce of beft Vetiice Treacle, a quarter of a Pound of Honey, and three Spoonfuls of Salad Oil: it mull be given luke-warm : after you have given it the Horfe, clothe him well, and tie him to the Rack four Hours ; then give him a little Hay, then a little fcalded Bran, and afterwards warm Water, with 'Oatmeal Flour to colour it ; next Day Bran, Hay, and the Water as before ; the third Day walk him gently, in the Day, and water him with cold Water ; the fourth Day another Drink, and feed him as before, and in three or four Days bleed him in the Liver-Vein. To make an Horfe s Hoof grow.
Take new Wax, Goat's Greafe, or for want of that frefli Sheep's Suet ; the fat of Bacon
cut fmall, and fteeped in Water four and twenty Hours, till it grow frefh, the Water being changed every three or four Hours; of each one Pound ; melt them together, and then add a large Handful of the fecond Bark of Elder, and if it be in the Spring two Handfuls of Elder Buds; boil them over a gentle Fire, about a quarter of an Hour, ftirring them from time to time; then ftrain it in a Pot, with two Ounces of Olive Oil, four Ounces of Tur- pentine, and the like quantity of Honey : after which remove the Veffel from the Fire, and ftir the Ointment till it's cold ; then anoint the Hoof for the breadth of an Inch round the Hair, and repeat the Application once a Day. For a Bite.
Take the White of an Egg, fome Bole Armoniac and Vinegar, mix them together and apply it.
For a Crack or Prick in the Hoof.
A little Turpentine, Tar, and Hogs-lard boiled together ; dip a little Toe in it, and apply it.
For a gauTd Heel.
Apply a Poultice compofed of Honey, Turpentine, and Hogs-lard, with a little White of an Egg.
To refrefh a Horfe after a Cold,
Take fome Garlick, Butter, and Nutmeg and Honey ; mix them together, wrap them in
a Cloth round a Stick, and let him champ upon it. For a Cold.
Take half a Pint of Sack, half a Pint o^ Linfeed Oil, two Pennyworth of Sugar-Candy ;
mix them well together, and apply it. For a Swelling.
Take fome Venice Turpentine, Honey, and Hogs-lard, White of Eggs, with Flour of
Beans ; make them into a Poultice and apply it. November 1727, was attended with an ugly Diftemper amongft the Horfes ; it declared
itfelf by a violent Coughing, Running at the Nofe, and Lofs of Appetite. The Method we ufed for the Cure was keeping them very warm, giving them warmWater and warm Meat; in the Mornings fafting, thirty or forty Drops of Spirit of Sulphur, in half a Pint of Ale; like wife putting into their Mafhes one Ounce of Antimony is efteemed exceeding good. A Perioral Ball for a Horfe that has got a Cough.
One Ounce of Liquorice Powder, one Ounce of Fenugreek, one Ounce of Diapente; take
care your Diapente has Myrrh in it; half an Ounce of Chemical Oil of Annifeeds ; four Drachms of Balfam of Sulphur, two Ounces of Garlick, one Ounce of Flour of Brimftone; half a Pound of Honey : beat up together they will make eight Balls; give the Horfe one Ball every Morning early before he is fed, and continue this till his Cough is gone. This Receipt was given me by Captain J. Lamley.
Receipt for the Greafe in Horfes Legs.
Take two Quarts of Rye Flour, mix into it one Pound of Hogs-lard ; let your Poultice
be wrapt quite round the Sore. 3 Another |
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SUPPLEMENT. 117
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Another for the Greafe.
Two Quarts of Milk, one Pound of Meal, one Pound of Honey, half a Pound of Horfe
Turpentine, one Ounce of Rofin, two Spoonfuls of Olive Oil ; you muft beat the Milk and Meal together and put it over the Fire, and when it begins to boil take it oft the Fire, and put in all the Ingredients ; then put it over the Fire again till all is melted, and then you muft leave it over a gentle Fire till it is thick. You muft cut off the Hair as clofe as you can at firft. Apply the Poultice as hot as you can once a Day, and when it be- gins to dry, every other Day. A Drink for a Cold.
Take a Quart of new Milk; boil it, then put to it five Cloves of Garlick; peel every
Clove, fhread them very fmall, and put them into the Milk; boil them very foft, then put to them half a Pound of Honey ; let it ftand till it is luke-warm, then give it the Horfe. N. B. Over Night give your Horfe a Mafli and warm Water ; let him faft two Hours
before you give him this Drink, and let him ftand two Hours after it; then give him warm Water, and walk him for two Hours, and give him warm Water at Night. The fecond Day take a little Blood from him, and if required, give a fecond Drink; the fourth Day ob- ferving the fame Rules, except bleeding. To take off a Splint.
Cantharides and Euphorbium, of each half a Drachm ; mix them up with as much Un- guentum Nervinum as is fufficient to cover the Splint; fpread it upon a piece of Leather a little bigo-er than the Splint, tie it up with a Fillet ten Hours, and when taken off let the Groom prefs the Place with his Thumb, four or five times a Day: If the Splint is not quite taken off with the firft Application, repeat it five or fix Days after ; whilft the Plaifter is on, tie your Horfe's Head to the Rack. For a Cold.
Take three Cloves of Garlick, beat them, and boil them in a Quart of Ale, with Rofe- mary and Rue, of each half a Handful; ftrain it, and add Honey and Treacle, of each four Ounces, Diapente, Barberries, and Elicampane, of each half an Ounce, of Salad Oil half a Gill and of Sugar-Candy, and Syrup of Colts-foot, two Ounces of each: Mix all well together, and give it warm, letting your Horfe faft two Hours before, and two Hours after. For a Shoulder--flip, or Stiff Shoulder.
Firft bleed on the Plate-Vein ; then take of Oil of Turpentine, of Oil of Camomil, Oil of St. John's Wort, Oil of Peter, of each an equal Quantity ; rub it and chaff it in well all over. , TIJ
Sharp Water.
White Vitriol and common Alum, of each a Quarter of a Pound 3 burn them together,
tout in two Quarts of boiling Water, and keep it ftirring whilft cold; ufe it warm with a little Spirits^ Wine, when it is fettled and poured off clear. The BUJlering Charge.
■ x . ; - ■ . n„nres Turpentine, two Ounces, Rofin, Burgundy Pitch, Maftich, Black Pitch, two 0l^;XU Ounce, Euphorbium, Spanijh Flies, Affa Fcetida, SÏ^S OUrf^ ™ Ounce', Oifof Origanum', oL Drachm, Sublimate, oneDrachmi -, . _..
The Bliflermg Omtmenh
f c\ o Vhanifh Flies two Ounces, Euphorbium j two Ounces, Oil of
ó5^SÏÏSSSÏÏi cwo Dracht Lgs-W, one Ounce, mix all together in a Gallipot.
To mah a Hor]e ft ale.
Take Grumel Seed, Cummin Seed, Parfley Seed, Broom Seed ^f Soap, of each one
Onice, KuUcandy, four Ounces; to be given in a Pint of white Wine. Hh &f
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ii8 SUPPLEMENT.
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For the Gripes,
Take four Drachms of the Spirit of Turpentine, Oil of Dialthsea, four Drachms, Ginger,
four Drachms, fix Cloves of Garlick, Syrup of Rofes, five Drachms ; mix thefe together in a Pint of white Wine, and give it the Horfe blood warm ; walk him half an Hour afterwards. A Purge for a Horfe^ to be worKd with warm Water.
Take the beft Succotrine Aloes, one Ounce and two Drachms, Diapente, halfan Ounce,
Powder of Ginger, two Drachms, Mercurius Dulcis, two Drachms, Oil of Annifeeds, one Drachm; mix it up with Syrup of Buckthorn. To eafe a Splint or Spavin.
Spirit of Wine and Hungary Water, of each two Ounces, Oil of Origanum and Spirit
of Sal Armoniac, of each two Drachms. Ihe red Ointment for Greafe or Cracks.
Take of Litharge of Gold, one Pound, Bole, half a Pound, Verdigreafe, four Ounces, let
them be all in fine Powder 3 then add to them Honey and brown Sugar, of each o ie Pound and a half; beat them all well together in a Mortar, put them in a deep Pot, and fet it in a Dunghil three Days and three Nights. A Purge.
Aloes, one Ounce and a Quarter, Cream of Tartar, half an Ounce, Mercurius Dulcis,
Rhubarb, of each one Drachm, Oil of Annifeeds, forty Drops, Powder of Liquorice a fuf- ficient Quantity, and make up with Syrup of Rofes. For the Canker in the Nofe of a Horfe.
Take Lime Water, one Pint, Sublimate Mercury, half an Ounce, finely powdered, Honey of Rofes, half an Ounce, iEgyptiacum, one Drachm ; mix them together, and inject it up the Noftrils, and put up a long Tent of Tow dipt in the Mixture ; to a Gallon of Water put half a Pound of Lime Stone ; pour the Water boiling upon the Lime Stone to make the Lime Water, and pour off the clear Liquor for Ufe, after it has ftood fome Hours to fettle. For a Swelling.
Take Ointment of Marfhmallows and Populeon, of each one Ounce, Oil of Camomile
and Worms, of each one Ounce, Oil of Turpentine, two Spoonfuls, Ointment of Elder, Oil of Swallows, Linfeed Oil, of each one Ounce, Oil of Peter, one Spoonful, Oil of Origanum, Oil of Brick, of each half an Ounce. A Cure for the Gravel in a Horfès Foot.
Pare the Foot very thin, about the Frog efpecialjy5 then take half a Spoonful of double
Aqua-fortis, and half a Spoonful of Spirits of Wine, mix them together in a Spoon with the Point of a Knife, and put it into the Heart of the Foot, holding the Foot up till it finks in ; then fet on the Shoe, but let the Nail be down,'and the gravelly Part open'd; fill it only with a little Flax before you fet on the Shoe. Be fure you don't cut any Part of the Hoof away. You may travel or work in three or four Hours time without Trouble or Hazard. A Glijler for a Horfe.
Take new Cows Milk, one Pint and a half, Lenitive Eleciuary, two Ounces, brown Sugar, a quarter of a Pound, warm thefe all together; when the Sugar is difiblved, take it from the Fire, and put to it Oil of Rofes, three Ounces; give it Blood warm. A Purge for a Horfe.
Aloes, one Ounce, Rhubarb, one Drachm, Cream of Tartar, two Drachms, Jalap, one
Drachm, Oil of Annifeeds, forty Drops, Mercurius Dulcis, one Drachm, made up with Syrup of Rofes. |
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AJharp
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SUPPLE ME N T. u9
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A fharp Water.
Take Alum and green Copperas, of each half a Pound, and three Quarts of Water ; beat the Alum after boiled a little, then put a Pint of Vinegar to two Quarts of Tanners Water, the ftrongeft you can get. A Drink.
Diapente, Elicampane, Sulphur, of each one Ounce, given in a Quart of warm Ale; faft two Hours after; give warm Water at Night; repeat it the next Morning ; keep warm in the Day ; bleed the firft Day, the third Day give cold Water, with a gentle Gallop. For a Shoulder or any other Strain.
Linfeed Oil fix Ounces, Oil of Swallows one Ounce, Oil of Peter fix Drachms, Nerve Oil one Ounce and half, Oil of Spike two Ounces, Oil of Vitriol two Drachms and half; this Oil will do when another has no Effect Ointment for Horfes Heels.
Hog's-lard one Pound and a half, Fenice Turpentine half a Pound, Oil of Camomile four Ounces, Ointment of Marfhmallows and Populeon of each half a Pound, Egyptiacum two Ounces, Verdigreafe in Powder two Ounces ; heat thefe gently over the Fire, until they are well incorporated; ftrain it through a Cloth, and keep it for Ufe. The green Ointment to cure all bounds and Sores.
Take Rofin and Bees-wax, as much as a large Walnut, make them fmall, and put them into a Skillet to melt; then add Hog's Greafe and common Turpentine, of each half a Pound, and one Spoonful of Honey ; let them boil and melt well together ; keep it ftirring, and take it off the Fire; add one Ounce of Verdigreafe in fine Powder, keeping it ftirring over a gentle Fire; as it rifes, take it off the Fire, ftirring it, that it may be well mixed, taking care it rifes not^ over; then ftrain it 'through a Cloth, keeping it ftirring till it fettles and begins to thicken. For a Horfe's Foot when the Sole is taken out.
Take fome Nettles, Soap, and common Turpentine, fhred the Nettles fmall, pound them
all together, and put fome into the Horfe's Foot three Days ; then open it and drefs it with warm Medicines, keeping it clofe ftop'd. Horfe Balls.
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^^x^v.o, - -"-&----*» —-i--------' .----- ---------"j u/'uf WA ^"its-root, Maiden riair,
Oil of Annifeeds, of each one Ounce, Figs and Raifins, of each half a Pound Tuice of
Liquorice two Ounces, brown Sugar-Candy half a Pound, Diapente two Ounces,'sweet Oil half a Pint, Honey and London Treacle of each half a Pound. Balls.
A Quart of white Wine* Spanifh Liquorice two Ounces, diffolve it over'the Fire* then
put in four Ounces of Annifeeds, and four Ounces of Liquorice, powdered Flour of Brim- ftone two Ounces, Sugar-Candy four Ounces beat fine, Syrup of Colts-foot two Ounces, Oil of Annifeeds one Ounce, Sweet Oil half a Pint ; mix them with fine Flour, with half a Pound of Honey ; keep them in a Bladder» A Drinh
Venice Treacle one Ounce, Turmefick half an Ounce, Saffron one Drachm, Diapente half an Ounce, common Treacle half a Pound ; warm it in a Quart of Ale, and faft two Hours. Afiarp Water for a Fijlula, or Canker, or to waft and cure any Sore.
Take white Copperas, and Roman Vitriol, of each one Ounce, Alum half a Pound,
Juice of Celandine one Pint, the Juice of Savin three Spoonfuls; burn the Vitriol, Alum,
and Copperas, and beat them to powder; put the Powders and Juices into a Quart Bottle
of Spring Water, keeping it for your Ufc. Por
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i2o SUPPLEMENT.
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For the Gripes.
A Pint of Ale, half a Pint of Geneva, a quarter of a Pint of Oil of Turpentine, two
Ounces of Annifeeds, two Ounces of Cummin Seeds, a quarter of a Pound of Caftile Soap, one Ounce of Diapente. Givt it warm. A Hoof Salve.
Take two Pounds of Sheep's Tallow, one Pound of Turpentine, one Pint of Train Oil,
half a Pound of Bees Wax, one Pound of Hogs-lard ; boil the Tallow and Wax together, then put in the Turpentine and Lard ; boil them together, then add the Train Oil, and let them fimmer ; ftrain it into an earthen Pot, and keep it for Ufe. Lime Water for the Mange.
Take two or three Pounds of unfiack'd Lime that is newly made, put it into a Pot or
Bafon and pour by degrees upon it five Quarts of Rain-Water ; then fet the Bafon in a con- venient Place for two or three Days, ftirring it often ; after which let the Lime fall to the Bottom, and pour off the Water by degrees from the Lime ; filter it through a brown Paper, and to three Pints of the Water add half a Pint of good Spirits of Wine, an Ounce of Spirits of Vitriol, and as much corrolive Sublimate in Powder: Mix and preferve this for Ufe, dabbing it on their mangy Tails, or any Part infe&ed. Ointment for a Horfe s Heels.
Hogs-lard one Pound and a half, Verdigreafe half an Ounce, Venice Turpentine, Oil
of Camomile, Marfhmallows, Populeon, Egyptiacum, of each half an Ouncej keep it ftirring over the Fire, whilft melted ; ftrain it through a Cloth, and keep it for Ufe. A Charge.
Boil a Pound of Tar in a Pint of ftrong Aqua Vita?, or good Spirits of Wine, over a clear Fire, for a quarter of an Hour, ftirring it often; then add to it two Ounces of fine Bole in Powder, and thicken it with Wheat Flour to the Thicknefs of a cold Charge: Apply it hot to fcald the Horfe. For the Stranguillion.
Take fweet Parfley Seed, fweet Fennel Seed, Annifeeds, of each one Ounce, one Pint
of Brandy, one Quart of new Milk ; give it warm, keep the Horfe ftirring, and fet him up warm. Oils good for Strains, Knocks, or Swellings.
Take Linfeed Oil, fix Ounces, Exeter and Swallows of each one Ounce, Peter fix Drachms,
Nerve Oil one Ounce and a half, Spike and Turpentine of each two Ounces, Oil of Vitriol two Drachms and a half; put them together, and mix for Ufe. A Drink for a Cold.
Take one Quart of Ale, three Pennyworth of Turmerick and Honey, boil them together,
with three Pennyworth of Saffron; let them ftand all Night; then put three Pennyworth of London Treacle, and give it the Horfe. For a Cold.
Take half an Ounce of Spani/h Liquorice, half an Ounce of Mithridate, half an Ounce of Diapente, and a quarter of a Pound of Liquorice Powder. To make ExtraEl of Malt.
Take a Gallon of Wort, the beft that comes off the Tun; hang it over the Fire; when
it boils fcum it weli ; then put in two Pennyworth of Liquorice fcraped and fliced, half a Pound of Raifins of the Sun ftoned, let them boil whilft they are as thick as a Syrup ; then take out the Liquorice and Raifins, and put in an Ounce of brown Sugar-Candy, and boil it till diffolved. |
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For
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SUPPLEMENT.
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For a Cold.
Take one Ounce of Garlick, and the like Quantity of Liquorice : boil them in two Quarts
of Water to one Pint, fweeten it with Honey ; give a Spoonful four or five times a Day. For a Strain in the Back-Sinew.
Take the Whites of a dozen Eggs, white Wine Vinegar a quarter of a Pint, and two Ounces of Bole ; beat them together, and apply them three Days afunder; tie on a Cloth with fome Lift-
TV". B. This mould be applied cold. Balls.
Liquorice, Annifeeds, Diapente, of each one Pound, London Treacle, two Pounds, Flour
of Brimftone fix Drachms, Elicampane four Ounces, Antimony two Pounds and half: make thefe up into the Confiftence of Balls with Honey, or Syrup of Ground-Ivy. For a Cold,
Take a Quart of Ale, two Heads of Garlick, Elicampane, Annifeeds, Turmerick, of each one Ounce, Liquorice one Ounce : boil them together with Honey and Sweet Oil, of each two Ounces.
A Purge.
Aloes one Ounce, Cream of Tartar one Ounce, Ginger two Drachms, Diapente one
Pennyworth, a Pint and a half of Ale A Drink.
Venice Treacle one Ounce, Turmerick three Pennyworth, Saffron fix Pennyworth, Dia-
pente two Pennyworth, common Treacle half a Pound, three Pints of Ale ; mix them together.
For the Canker.
White Wine Vinegar one Pint, the beft Roch Alum half a Pound, one Handful of
red Sage : boil them together, and warn the Horfe's Mouth and Tongue. Sharp Water.
White Wine Vinegar one Quart, Roman Vitriol one Ounce, Roch Alum one Ounce ;
boil all together.
, A Poultice.
Take a Pint of Milk, Rye Flour one Pound, Turpentine four Ounces, Hog's Lard
four Ounces ; laid on with a Cloth and Lift. For the Bite of a mad Dog.
Take Rue fix Ounces, Garlick four Ounces, bruifed well, Venice Treacle, Mithridate,
of each two Ounces, fcraped thin. Boil them in five Pints of Ale, until a Pint is wafted, being clofe ft opt : ftrain the Liquor, and give eight Spoonfuls to a Man three Mornings to- gether ; the like Quantity to a Beaft ; four Spoonfuls to a Dog, cold ; three Spoonfuls to a Sheep, &c. warming it. Note, you are to apply the Drugs to any Part hurt, or bit. It ouo-ht to be given before nine Days is expired, after the Biting of any mad Creature, with bleeding.
Mr. MountfordV Receipt for any Sore.
Take a Pound of unilacked Lime, and put to a Quart of Water; when it is diftblved
and fettled, pour the Water as fine from the Settling as you can; put to it half an Ounce of Mercurius Sublimate, one Ounce of Roch Alum, one Ounce of white Copperas, a very little Roman Vitriol, fimmer them all together ; all this is to make a Pint of the Water. Warn the Part three times a Day. For a Splint^ Spavin, or Ringbone.
Two Ounces of Spirits of Wine, the fame of Hungary Water, Spirits of Sal Armoniac, Oil of Origanum each two Drachms ; rub a little on a Splint once in three Days, about a Tea-fpoonful on a Spavin.
I i For
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122 SUPPLEMENT.
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For the Worms or Bots in a Horfe.
Take a Handful of Saffron, and fhred it fmall, and fome fiefh Butter, and two Drachms of iEthiops Mineral mixt in a Ball ; give it three Mornings fafting, then mifs one Morning, and then ditto; add half an Ounce of Succotrine Aloes. For a Swelling.
Two Ounces of Oil of Peter, one Ounce of Ointment of Bays, and two Ounces of
Train Oil. For any Swelling or Strain.
Take old Verjuice and Oil of Charity; mix them and rub it well in before the Fire.
For a Splint^ Spavin, or Curb.
Take Spirits of Wine and Camphire one Spoonful, put it into a Gallypot ; then take an
Ounce of Mercury Sublimate, fo mix it with a Stick and rub it with your Finger well in. Tie him up. To cure the Bots or Worms.
Take common Wormwood Seeds, and Worm Seeds, of each three Quarters of an
Ounce, Ethiops Mineral a Quarter of an Ounce, Tanfey in Powder half an Ounce, Myrrha in Powder one Drachm; mix all thefe Ingredients into a Ball, with Syrup of Buckthorn. This Quantity may be given to either Horfe or Mare, for a fingle Dofe every other Morning faffing ; take care to keep them from eating any Food for four Hours after taking the fame. This Preparation will cure either Bots or Worms in five or fix Times taking; or you
may give it as often as Occafion requires. For a Sinew Strain.
DifTolve half an Ounce of Camphire, in half a Pint of ftrong Spirits of Wine ; when you
have done that, put it into an earthen Pan with a quarter of a Pound of Caftile Sope ; take care and melt them all together, and ftand till cold for Ufe. Two or three Spoonfuls of this may be rubbed on the Part affected warm, Night and Morning, for an Hour, applying a. warm Flannel after uflng. A Gripe Drink.
One Ounce of Carraway Seeds, one Ounce of Cummin Seeds, half an Ounce of fweet
Fennel Seeds, fcrape one Ounce of Caftile Sope, one Ounce of Oil of Turpentine, one Pint of Geneva. For two Drinks. Keep the Horfe ftirring and warm. For the Gripes.
Take half a Pint of Daffy % Elixir, fixty Drops of the Oil of Juniper ; mix them, and give
it the Horfe or Mare. A Receipt for the Farcy.
Take red Precipitate two Drachms, Rofln of Jalap three Drachms, Venice Treacle one
Ounce and half; make it into a Ball, give the Horfe this early in a Morning, and tie the Horfe up from Meat three Hours ; then give him a hot Mafh, and keep him warm with Clothes. Let this be repeated every other Morning for nine times. This has feldom failed curing the moft obftinate Farcy. |
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Repre-
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Reprefentation of the Jugular Veins.
r +« +l>„ „vtpvwnl iugular Veins\ commonly called the Neck
.LATE Letter A reprefents ' %%%<*%£ a„/fiews hJ,whm thMufcles Jf Perns, which are the Branch* of the hot ™ > J Branches, and after- 2d Glands that cover 't are taken ^Ihlsfmott internal, fine to the eJrnal
wards into four, fending forth feveral others, Jome >J ^^"Iternal jugular Vein, which, afcending the Side of the Neck, fends out
S^SUSÏS^ jugular Vein, which defcend-
NL under^[Sdf that covers it, fends a Branch to the Bram, by the Hole , .', j f-i a w rreeDS under the lower Taw-bone, and dividing into many
ÜSÏ SSS Sernal Part of the U dgeHing itfelf by the Brant, Irfn STa'Ï aSt\ïdvS wS feparating into two,
N fprefds of t!" Parts of the Ève. It is thi/fmall Branch that we cut m Diforders of the Lyes. J ■ n. -rnn „f the external jugular Vein, which
■N- 5. The lower Branch of 'W^worin^ one' hereof runs to the
burrows under the Cheek, ^Jlo the internal Parts of the Jaws,
^f^rch of N-5, which extends by the upper Part of the Jaws, and goes to5the Angles of the Eyes. r ■ ,i,. Mr,Ads for cuttim lam Ears, and reducing them to their natural
m^X^i%^^:^J^ °f d,fferen'cbirur£ical operatim:
rr i tt • „frr,P v* r<? both without Side and within, as
Kg. I. You nrnft firft cut «efc. the ^ bo I ^ ^^ fe fo ^ clofe to the Skin as poffible : Then put N . >M > ^ Ends ^^
the Ear is even between them both : Then wi h N 5 ™* ^ ^ Numbers
to prefs them clofe together, as you fee defobed m tte ^ ^ rf ^ ^ ^
and 4 are all faften'd together by £e Screw « »• ^ ^ round dofe t0 the Tnftrument. and with the Biftoury or Inciiion A**, A_j fe towards the Manger> and tie The Operation bang performed, put the au o the g,^
him in fuch manner that he may not rub his Head tor tourer ^ ^ ^
ing isintirelyftop'd, and a fort of Cruft ormed round the Edg ^ fe
4 take a Feather, and.anoint t em, aU «J^*«: which be[ng exaaly obferved,
Morning and Evening, f the fa.d Cruft falb oft ^ ^ (o fc£ ^ astssrs -? rtrafts ~ •• - - «— **
Fig. I. Plate A. h h . fed t0 unnerve a Horfe, or to bar his Veins,
Fig. II. reprefents a little Horn,, wnic R
or t0Dgive him the Prick with a Ho n in hs upgrFa;f ^
fiS "f' ' W°Un d fVxS :ncegwho t e malWnarrow ones, with which it is almoft
to fhew their Want of Experience w o ^^ w ^ Mode, here impoffible to make a P^™^,™ Advantage. See Plate B.
given, the Bleeding will ^ ™h | , f g ^ fc , he Fig. IV. reprefents an lnftrument^ , p ^ an Q ing with,n Side of a toot
Foot, when you *«W ««fate »• « ^J come out. ft „ abfolutely
that has been prick d with a Nail, vv hu t nel W ^Merchant, have things in
„eceffary that a Groom fnould have w rf *«• *ou
he fame Form, but large,, to mar* the». Ca<ks See F ^ ^ ^ ^ Fig. V. reprefents a Kind of Knife tc^ g» e ^ F , B ^^ ^ Qn
with a wooden Handle (though no. here delcno o; Back>
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J24 _______Defcription of different Sorts of Shoes. '
Back, at N° 6, it mould be a full Inch thick, and at the Edge, N" 7, 7 7 as thin as a e
mon Knife vvhen blunted. The Manner of heating it is defend in the Article of givW the Fire. The Fdge rauft abfolutely be of Steel, and not of Iron. ë S Fig. VI. is a Fire-Button, made ufe of for Spavins, for the Anticor, or to pierce and fire
with the Point, 9> any Part where there is Matter enclose, which you want to difcWae You fee thefe Operations defcrib'd at large in the Places where this Inftrument is mentioned Fig. YU. is an Iron made to folder up Seymes, as has been explain'd in the Article mn
cerning them You make it red hot, and prefs it crofs the Cleft, from the CrownTo the Bottom or it, according to it's Length. This Iron makes the Impreffion of the Letter S, and [onetimes when the Cleft is long, there muft be three or four of thefe Imoref fions : After which apply the Remedies prefcrib'd in the Article of Seymes. The Part num bcrd 8 , for the Middle of the Cleft, and ought to be of Steel, and as fharpJ Z Fi" Fig. VIII. is the Form of a Biftoury, or Incifion-Knife, proper for all Sorts of Operations
whether for unnerving a Horfe, or cutting his Veins or Arteries. Cut the Skin with k delicately, and then fimfli the Incifion with the Biftoury prefcrib'd for cutting the Ear, which, being crooked, opens the Skin without offending the Nerves or Veins vou A fign to cut. y ae~ Fig. IX. exhibits an Iron call'd a Flap, or Mouth-Iron (in Saunier often a Coifs Foot 1
This n to put into the Mouth of a Horfe, to examine at leifure the Diforde^ that ari here, as the Bean, alias the Lampas, or to cut off the Barh, ™ «, • i u- , . Horn, or to fmooth his Teeth when they grow out, or rmetn P"Ck h'm ^ the
N° 14 fhews the upper Bar.
N° 15 the lower Bar, which goes into the Horfe's Mouth, to make him hold it ooen
N° i6 the Bar, or Handle, which you hold when you make ufe of it. * A Defcription of the different Sorts of Shoes, proper for the various Difeafes of the Feet
taken from Monfeur de Saunier; and of many others now in the PoffeJRon of Mr Me rick of Grofvenor-Mcufe, Teo?nan-Farrier to his Majefly. J*urfme- From Monfeur de Saunier.
Fig X. reprefents a Shoe for all Feet, which every Man, who has a lame Equina^ tv>
condua, whether in the Road or the Army, ought to be provided with It onen A muts in the Middle, as marked at N° 8, and is more efpecially proper for the Fn f which are moll fubjedr. to receive Damage. rore-reet, Fig. XI. reprefents a Shoe broken at the two Corners, to open the Heels of a Horfe who
has them clos d or meaftellated It opens and ihuts at N- 7, 7, as was defcrib.d ;n™° Chapter of clole and meaftellated Heels. N° 6 marks the Figure which is nlar'H k»f the Teeth of the Iron Branches. 'Tis the Bufinefs of him w'ho nTakes ^Operation to lengthen it every time he drefles the Horfe, according as he fees occafion. See Plate B Fig. XII. reprefents a Shoe to make fuch Horfes raife their Feet as are ftiff before bv
trotting them Evening and Morning with a Pair of them ; as alfo when you cut thek Nerves above the Knees, as markd in Plate B. Fig. XIII. demonftrates a Shoe which may ferve upon Occafion, on a Tournev or in the
Army, when a Horfe has flipd his Foot into a Hole, or any clofe Place Ind7nul 'd off the Shoe with Violence and all the Edge of the Cro'wn with it, which makes [tmpof fible to nail on another Shoe. No Groom, who has the Charge of many Horfes, mould be without one of theie. D ' ' N' 5 points where the Shoe plays, to open and fcm it as much as you pleafe.
N° 6 fhews the Circle or Border round the upper Part of the Shoe/by which it en e ofes the Bottom of the Hoof all round. After having fiYd it, take the Screw ^:a7ì *t £ï * ugA a^0 H?leS;,N°l8> in order to Men the Shoe be-
hind ; which being well adjufted in this Manner, the Horfe may travel upon it r- vitt \l° 1S, gr°Vn °Ut r n°Ugh t0 h°ld the Nai,s of a common Shoe ■
be SvIdebf^So tT ls ?ual THhic,knf wÜhout Side and within>as ™y «%
be perceived by N 9. It ls pr0per for a Horfe that has a Seyme, that is to %, whofe
Hoof
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3
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Defcriptìon of different Sorts of Shoes. 12 c
Hoof is cleft, either on the Outfide or the Infide. The Branch N° 7 ought to be fhorter
than that N° 8, becaufe it is to come on the Side where the Seyme is : Thefe Clefts clof- ing up better when you fix them, and the Shoe does not bear upon them, as defcrib'd in the Article of Seyrhes. Fig. XV. This Shoe is proper to re-eflablifli the Feet of Horfes who have clofe Heels :
It ought to be of equal Thicknefs, as you fee at N° 10, but to grow thinner towards N° 11, thinner ftiil at 12, and fo on to 13, always diminifhing gradually; fo that the Branches on that Side, oppofite N° 1 3, ought to be thicker than the Back of a common Knife. Every Man of good Senfe, and who underftands Horfemanfliip ever fo little, may fee, when a Horfe is fhoed, that if the Shoe is vaulted all along, from the Point to the End of the Branches, the Heels ftraiten themfelves : On the contrary, the Branches of the Shoe being thinner without Side than within, the Heels bearing upon them rauft necef- farily dilate and fpread, as they meet with no Refiftance ; and the Hoof will follow the Shoe which is thinner towards the Numbers 11, 12, and 13. From Mr. Merick.
Fig. XVI. a Tongue-Shoe for a Foot where both Heels are broke or wore away. This
is for ftrengthning the Foot. Fig. XVII. a Shoe proper to conceal a bad footed Horfe, to be thick all the Qutfi.de of
the Fullering, and to be thin upon the Ball of the Foot, and thick heel'd to hide the hollow Work on the Infide. N. B. This is very proper for a Horfe on Sale.
Fig. XVIII. reprefents a Box-Shoe, with an open Heel and Toe, for a Horfe that is foun-
dred,& hurt, or a Pain in the Toe; Fig. XIX. reprefents a Box-Shoe, with a Cap to the Front, for afoundredHorfe, when
the Cruft is gone below the Cofhn-Bòne ; to be hob'd and feated very fine. Fig. XX. a Bar-Shoe for a Horfe that has a Corn in the Heel, and likewife lined with
Leather to bear upon the Frog, where it is fTrong and will bear it. Fio-. XXI. a Patten-Shoe for a lame Horfe, either in the Shoulder, Whitle-bone, or Stifle ;
to be put on the contrary Foot. Fig. XXII. a Box-Shoe for a Pomice Foot, to be feated level all round.
Fig. XXIII. a JBox-Shoe, where there is a Pain in the Quarters, to be left open for Eafe
and for the Gravel to work out. Fig. XXIV. a plain Shoe for a bad Foot.
Fig. XXV. a Shoe where the Ball of the Foot is very thin ; the void Place being for the
Gravel to work out. Ficr. XXVI. ditto, for a Bruife for the infide or outfide Toe ; the Part grieved to be left
open.
Fig. XXVII. a Bar-Shoe where the Toe and Quarters are broke away, to be feated fmooth
and nail'd up at the Heels, the Toe being fupported by a Clip, for a hind Foot. Fig. XXVIII. a narrow Bar-Shoe, to improve a thin Foot
Fig. XXIX. a Bar-Shoe where both the Heels and the Foot are wore away, being lin'd with
Leather when the Frog will bear it. Fig. XXX* a Bar-Shoe when the Heel is wore away, and the Foot and Frog is very thin.
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k k A Tabi*
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I2Ó
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A Table of the Remedies prefcrib'd in this Book, in the Order they occur,
with the Prices of the Principal when compounded, which may be had faithfully prepared of Mr. TV'ootton^ Chymift, at the Golden Head in ErookftreeU Grofvenor-Square. N. B. Wherever Wine is order'd to be made ufe of in any internai Medicine, Ale mav
be ufed in it's (lead.
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Page,
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/. s. d*
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A Remedy for the Barbs
A Remedy for the Lampas For Gigs in the Lips For Gag-Teeth An Eye-Water for a Blow on the Eye —- Remedy for a moon-ey'd Horfe -----
—!--------for a Web in the Eye *------
-------------for diforder'd Sight .-----.
Pills to purge the Brain of a Horfe that has fore Eyes
A Powder to difïipate a Web ■_____
Another for the fame Purpofe_____
Another with Wrhite Wine-------
Another with Snail Shells --------
A Remedy for Wounds in the Eye
An Eye-Water --------
Another with Lapis Mirabilis ——
A Draught for the Eyes ——
An Eye-Water ----- ----->
A Remedy for a Whitloe on the Eye
An Ointment for the Strangles . A cordial Drink for the fame
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Chap. II.
Chap. III. Chap. IV. Chap. V. Chap. VI. Chap. VII. Chap. X. |
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Chap. XI.
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Chap. XII.
Chap. XIIL |
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A cordial Drink for the Baftard Strangles —•
An Ointment for the Stranguillion
A Drink for the fame
A Cordial for Horfes that are lick and have loft )
their Stomachs ------— )
Another Remedy for the Strangles
A Drink for the fimple Strangles
An Ointment for the running Strangles
A Drink for the fame
Chewing Balls for the fame
Pills for a Horfe that has a Running at the Nofe
without being Glandery
A Remedy for a morfounder'd Horfe A Medicine for a Running at the Nofe Another Medicine for the fame Purpofe ■-----
A Perfume for the fame --------
A Plaifter for the Glands
A Drink for the Glanders —____
Remedies for the Farcy call'd the Farini Oculus
A Remedy for the flying Farcy -----.
•---------------for the corded Farcy
,---------------for the Hens Arfe Farcy
A Purge for the Farcy -----
An Ointment for all Sorts of Farcies -----■
Another Ointment for the fame —*—
A Remedy for all Sorts of Farcies
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Chap. XIV,
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Chap. XV.
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A Cauftic
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À 'Table of the Remedies^ Sec.
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127
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ge.
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A Cauftic Stone for the fame _
Balls for the Farcin' -—
An Ointment for the fame -------
An internal Remedy
A Lye for the Farcy An Ointment with Quickfilver for the fame - - A Drink for the fame '-------
A cauftic Ointment for the Buds —I—
A Compofition to eat proud Flefh in the Farcy, 1
one Ounce, at 3 d. per Ounce. 3 A Sulphur Bag for the Mange
Powders for the fame —;— Another Remedy for the Mange with Quickfilver
Another for the fame Another with Spanifh Flies-------
Another
A Wafii for the fame ___
An Ointment with Quickfilver for the fame
A Purge for the fame _____ A Remedy for the Mange call'd the old Reds
A Remedy for Tetters or Ring-Worms An Ointment to make the Hair rvw~ i r ii„„ off by Tetters, @V. "* "f" U^ Another for the fame
A Remedy for founder'd Horfes A Draught for the fame ____Ì
Another Remedy for the fame
A Draught for the fame, with Garlick Another way of treating a founder'd Horfe A Remedy fora Horfe whofe Greafe is melted Another for the fame _____
Another
An Ointment for the Stag-Evil
A ftrengthning Medicine for the fame
An Embrocation for the fame
A Medicine for the Stag-Evil _____
A Remedy for the Vives
Another A Remedy for the Gripes and Cholick
A Draught for the fame
Oil of Amber, one Ounce
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Chap. XV.
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|
19
|
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|
20
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XVI.
|
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|
21
|
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|
6
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
4
4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XVII.
Chap, XVIII. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
22
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XIX.
|
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|
23
|
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|
24
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXi
Chap. XXI. Chap. XXII.
Chap. XXIII. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
25
|
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|
26
|
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|
27
|
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|
I 6
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Another Remedy for the G
|
•ripes
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Another m
Another to make a Horfe pifs
Another for the Gripes
An Ointment to provoke Urine
A Glifter for the Gripes of every kind
A Drink for the Gripes —— ■ . .,
The Method of Cure for the Vertigo or Spamfi^vlL
Another Method
A Remedy for Numbnefs of the Senfes, which re-
fembles a Vertigo
Another Remedy for the Head-Ach. An Ointment for a Vertigo ' ' A Powder for the fame, one Ounce
Another Remedy for the fame |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
28
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXIV.
Chap. XXV. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
29
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
6
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3°
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Drink
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Table of the Remedies^ &c.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
128
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
d.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Page.
Chap. XXVI. 1 3° |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
s.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Drink iri à Fever or fiery Evil
Another for the fame Chewing Balls for the fame Glafs of Antimony, one Oimee A Remedy for a Fever |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
31
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sal Prunella for the Fafhions, one Ounce —-
A Glifter for the fame —----
A Drink for the fame
Another
A Medicine for the fame
A nourishing Glifter for the fame
Another Remedy •-------
Another for the fame-------
Another —
A Remedy for Incontinence of Urine
--------------for a Horfe that piffes Blood
The Method of curing the Anticor or Anticou
Another Remedy for the fame
A Medicine for the Relief of broken-winded
Horfes
A Powder for the fame Another Remedy Another for a broken Wind Another Another Another Another with Aloes and Saffron .
Another cordial Drink
Another to prefèrve a Horfe's Wind Another alleviating Remedy to a broken-winded Horfe
A Medicine to prevent a broken-winded Horfe from growing worfe
Another Another for the fame Purpofe Balls for a broken Wind -----
A Powder to mix with Oats for the fame
Iron prepar'd with Sulphur, one Pound —.
Balls for a broken Wind
Other Balls with the Gums and Flowers of Ben
jamin, one Pound-------
A Remedy for Heaving of the Flanks —
Another for the fame -----
A Powder for the fame -------■
A Charge for a Strain «------■ —
A Remedy for a Horfe that is over heated
A Remedy for a Cheft-founder Another for the fame A Remedy for Worms iEthiops Mineral, one Ounce ----.
Another for Worms
Purge for Worms -------
Crocus Metallorum, 2 d. 1 Ounce, 1 Pound
A Poultice for fwell'd Tefticles
Another
Another
A Plaifter for the fame
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXVII.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
32
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXVIII.
Chap. XXIX. Chap. XXX. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
33
34- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
35
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
36
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXVII.*
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
33
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
34'
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXVIII.*
Chap. XXIX.* |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
35
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXX,*
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
36
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Remedy
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Table of the Remedies ^ &c.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
129
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
/. s. d.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Page.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Remedy for another Sort of Swelling in the
Tefticles
Another Another A Stone for a Gangrene -------■
Another Remedy for the fame
A Remedy to hinder the Gangrene reaching
the Heart ■----—-
Another for the fame
A Fomentation for the fame
A Drink againft internal Venom
Another with Venice Treacle *—'—
For Bites of venomous Animals
An Ointment of Colewort Leaves
To purge a Horfe gently, and fatten him
A Decoction of Starlings
A Feed with .Nettle Seed
~------ with Fenugreek Seed
-------with Rye Flour
Balls to give a Horfe Appetite.-—■ -----»
A Wafh for Cancers in the Mouth
A Remedy for the Tongue cut by the Bridle Another with Figs Pills for a Horfe in a fìck and languilhing Con-
dition — A Purge for a Horfe with fweet Oil —- A Wafh for all Sorts of Wounds -----*
A Remedy to dry up Wounds
A Suppurative for Kernels on sl Horfe's Back
Effence of Turpentine, one Ounce —•
Another Remedy for a fore Back ------•
A Remedy for Hurts on the Withers
Another
A Remedy for a bruis'd Shoulder
An Ointment for the fame ------
Flanders Oil of Bays, one Pound —
Candles for a Shoulder-flip ------
An Ointment for the Spunge ------>
A Remedy for Splints
An Ointment for Splints and FufTes —
Another
Another
A Cauftic for the fame *^—
Another
Another
An Ointment for Windfalls------■
A Remedy to make Windgalls difappear
An Ointment for Burns
An Ointment for the Mallenders
Another for Mallenders, Mules* and Sallenders -
Another
Another " ~"
A Remedy for a Blow on the Nerve
An Ointment for the fame -—■
A Remedy for the Nerves *-—
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXX.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
6
8
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXXI.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
37
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
8
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
■8
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXXII.
Chap. XXXIII. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXXIV.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
39
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
6
6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2
6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
40
41 44
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XXXVII.
Chap. XLII. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1
2 2 3
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2
6 7
6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
45
46
48 49
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XLIIL
Chap. XLVL |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. XLVIIL
Chap. XLIX.
Chap- L. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
S1
52
53 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LIY,
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
55
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Another
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Ï-A i
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A 'Table of the Remedies^ &c.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*3°
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
d.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Page
5° |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Another for ruin'd Nerves
A Fomentation for the fame |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LIV.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1
2
2 2
2
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Oil of Nuts for fwelled Legs, one Pound ------
Another Remedy for the fame
An Ointment for a Horfe that has got Thorns 7
in Hunting ------ \
An Ointment to fortify relax'd Nerves ------
A Remedy for Mallenders and Sallenders
A Digeftive for a Blow near the Fetlock ------
A Remedy for a fimple Javart
A Plaifter for the fame
A Tindure for a Prick in a Horfe's Foot ------
Powdered Sublimate, one Ounce ------
Another Remedy for the fame
An Ointment for Maltlongs or Makworms ------
A Remedy for a Quarter Seyme
Another for ditto
Another with Orpiment
J A Remedy for a Bleyme Another
A Defenfative when a Horfe's Soles are drawn
A Wafh for drying of corrupted Frogs------
Aqua Infernalis ------
An Ointment for narrow Heels
A Remedy for a Numbnefs or Stunning of the
Hoof 1 Another Another to make the Feet good ------
A Remedy for a Horfe that is tender fol'd
Another for fat and foft Feet
An Ointment for all Sorts of Feet
A Remedy for the Capelet
Another with Spirit of Turpentine
iEtherial Spirit of Turpentine, one Ounce
A Remedy for extended or relax'd Nerves
An Ointment for the fame ------
A Remedy for Diforders in the Haunch
------------for a falfe Step
------------for the Comb or Crown Scab
An Ointment for the fame ------
A Remedy for Watery Sores on the Leg
Another for the fame
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
6
6
8
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LV.
Chap. LVI. Chap. LVII.
Chap. LXI.
Chap. LXIII, Chap.LXIV.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
57
58
59 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
61
62
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
63
64.
65
66 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LXV.
Chap. LXVI.
Chap. LXVIII. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
I
3
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LXIX.
Chap. LXX.
Chap. LXXII. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
67
68 69
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LXXIir.
Chap. LXXIV. Chap. LXXV. Chap. LXXVI.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
70
71 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Remedy for watery Sores ——
Another for the fame Diftemper —
Another for fcabby Legs ____
Another for watery or fcabby Legs
Lapis Infernalis for Warts, one Ounce A Stone to eat off Warts and proud Flefh A Remedy for batter'd Soles ------------for Spavins |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
0
2
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap. LXXV1I.
Chap. LXXXI.
Chap. LXXXÏII. Chap.LXXXIV.
Chap. LXXXV. ChapLXXXVII.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
72
74
75 76
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The ftrong Ointment for Spavins ------
A Remedy for Varices
------------for a Veffigon
Another with Spirits of Wine and Camphire
Purging Pills for a Horfe ------
Another Purge with iEthiops Mineral _
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
5
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
79
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
4
Liver |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A Table of the Remedies^ Sec.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
J3*
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Page.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
a
6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Liver of Antimony, one Pound —
Crocus Metallorum, one Pound ------
A Glifter for a Loofenefs
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2
2
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Chap.LXXXVII
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
80
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Another for a Horfe that has taken a Purge
|
i
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
which has not work'd __------ ^^^
A refreshing Glifter ------
Another —— ----~
The cordial and univerfal Powder, one Pound
Another Medicine to fortify a Horfe whofe Ap-7 petite is pall'd------ *
How to dye the Hair of a Horfe
How to paint the Eye-brows of an old Horfe
A Remedy to make Hair come
How to make what we call a Star come on the
Forehead of a Horfe
How to fill up the hollow Places overaHorfe'sEyes Remedies for Figs in a Horfe's Feet ------
Double Aqua Fortis, one Ounce------
Madam Feuillet's green Balfam, one Ounce------
Gunfhot Water
, Lapis Mirabilis, one Ounce !' ÌA Remedy for Sprains
A Poultice for fwell'd Stones. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2
2 2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
81
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
82
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
83
84 85
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
4
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
8
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
INDEXES
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
132
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
INDEXES
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
T O
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
LUME II
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
v
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
I. An Index of Difeafes, and other Particulars relating to the Know-
ledge of a Horfe. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cold, 113,115,116,117, 120, i2r.
Cooling, or Chilling of the Shoulders, 45.
Cbr£ in the Partem, or Javart, 57,
Cough, fee broken Wind, 116.
Crown Scab, or Comb, 70.
Curb, the Diftemper fo called, j7.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
sfGE of a Horfe,.* how to know, 5;
jOL Ant kor, or Anticow, 33. Moft dan- gerous in hot Countries, ibid. Appetite, bad, 38. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B.
|
D.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Barbs, how to know and cure, 6.
ifo/&*n/-Strangles, 12.
Batter d Soles, 73.
Beating of the Flank, occafioned by Strain- '
ing) 33-
Begue, a Mark fo called, 6. Bite of a mad Dog, 116, 126.
Bite of a Serpent, or other venomous Ani-
mal, 37. Bleyme, how to know, &*c. 62.
Bloated Windgalls, 50.
Blood Spavins, 74.
Bloody Gripes, 27.
Blood j Urine, 85.
Blow on the Eye, 8. On the Nerve, 54.
Between the Fetlock and Heel, 56. Bone-Spavin, 74.
Bow Legs, a Horfe that has them to be re-
jeded, 54. Broken winded, or Puriive, 34.
Burns, 52.
C.
Cancer in the Mouth, 38.
Cancerous Farcy, 17. Cancerous Glanders, 15. Canker in the Nofc, 118, 1 21. Capelet, or Paffe Campane, 68. Che fi -Found ering, 34*. Cholick, fee Gripes, 118,120, Circled Feet, 73. Clove??, or Oxes Feet, 61. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dragon in the Eye, 20.
Dung, Remark on it, y8. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
E.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
£)/<?, Difeafes of the, a Blow on the, 8.'
Hollow, ibid.
£^, Sight of, difordered, 9. A Web in, ibid. W7hitlow in, 11.
Eyes of a Colt, how ftrained, 8. |
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|
F.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Faintnefs for want of Nourishment, 43.
Falfe Step, 69.
ifony/, the feveral Sorts of, 16. Farini Ocu-
lus, ibid. Flying Farcy, 17. Corded Farcy, ibid. Hen's Arfe Farcy, ibid. 114, ibid. 115,122. Cancerous Farcy, ibid. In- ternal Farcy, 18. How to manage, ibid. Farini Oculus, fee Farcy.
Fafiions, Defcription and Caufe of, 31.
Fat Spavin, 75.
Feet, foft and tender, 66, 67. Full, or
clogg'd up, 73. Circled, ibid. Fetlock and Heel, a Blow between, 56.
Fever, or fiery Evil, 30, &c. How to
know, ibid. Figs in a Horfe's Feet, 82, 83.
Flanks, fee Heaving.
Flejhy Fogs on the fore Feet, 7 2.
Flying Farcy, fee Farcy.
Forging^
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
An Index of Difeafes, &c.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
10 i">
3J> |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Melted Greafe, what it is, 24. How to
know it, ibid.
Moon-Eyes, how to know, 8> Mor foundering, a Species of the Strangles, 12. Mortification, fee Gangrene. Mules, diftinguifli'd from the Mallenden» 53. Tranfverfe, what, 60.
|
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|
Forging, what it means in a Horfe, 54^
Foundering of Horfes, Caufes and Defcnp- tionof it, 22, 23.
FröFJ, or Frames, new, 63. Corrupted, ib. Full, or clogg'd-up Feet, 7 3- F^-f, or Splents, 48. G.
G^-Teeth, how to know and make even, 7.
Gangrene, or Mortification, 36*.
6W upon the Lips, how to know and
cure' 7- .■ :JJ. '1 d
Glanders, incurable Sorts, 15. Of the Glands,
how to know, ib. Of the Spine, or Back-
bone Marrow, ib. The cancerous Glan- ders, ibid» Grafs upon the Legs, 72.
Greafy Heels,
Green Diet, a Caufe of the Faicy, 22.
Gripes, or Cholick, 67, 68, 69.
H.
Balter-cafl, 59-
Bead-evil, the contagious, 13. Cure or, ib.
Heaving of the Flank, 33*.
jfifeé?/, gaul'd,
i&»'j arfe Farcy,, fee Farcy.
Jiw/, numb'd, 66. Brittle, 67.
i^r^ Javarts, 58.
I.
%Mwirf, of Core in the Pattern, 57*
ìmòoftumatiom of the Withers, 42. Incaftellatcd Feet, or narrow Heels, 64. Incontinence of Urine, 32. Inflammation of the Yard, Tefticles, ëfc 41. Internal Farcy, fee Farcy. 7>o&, fee Mange. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
N.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Narrow Heels, 64.
Navel Galls, or Hurts upon the Navel*, 42.
Nerve, a Blow on the, or Nerve-Shoe, 54.
Nerves that are ruin'd, 55. Relax'd, or
extended, 68. Nervous Windgall, 50.
Nervous Javarts, 58.
Numbnefs of the Senfes, refembling a Ver-
tigo, 29. Numbnefs, or Stunning of the Hoof, 66,
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
O.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Old Reds, a Difeafe fo called* being a Spe-
cies of the Mange, 21. Opening of the Shoulder, or true Shoulder
Slip, 45. OJfelets, the three feveral Kinds of, 49,
Ox-kneed Horfe, incurable, 47.
Ox, or cloven Feet, 61»
P»
P/^tfg- Blood, 32.
Pöf/èw, internal, 37.
Pole-evil, what, 43.
Pr/fi in the Foot, 59.
Proud Flefli, 20.
Pur five, or broken-winded Horfe, 34»
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Q,
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Quarter Seyme, 62.
R.
Rats Tails on the Legs, 67.
Ring-worms, fee Tetters. Running at the Nofe, 30. Saddle not fit, Effeds of it, 43> 44-
Sallenders, Difference between that and the Mallenders, 53*
Scab, fee Mange. Scratches, or Chaps, 59. Seyme, what and whence, 61. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
L.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Lampas, how to know and cure, 7.
X,^, Defeds of, 54. Swelling or, 56. Watery Sores on, 71. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
M.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mallenden, how to know, &c. 5 2> 53'
Maltlong, or Maltworms, 60. M*W Itch, or Scab, Caufes of, 20. Mark in a Horfe's Mouth, 5. How to counterfeit, 6. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shoulder-
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
M
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
m
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
An Index of Remedies^ Sec.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*34
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shoulder-üip, or Shoulder-wrench, 43. Dif-
ferent Caufes and Kinds of it, ib. 44, 45, Shrew Moufe, his venomous Bite, 3 7,
Soles, battered, 73.
Spanijh Evil, fee Vertigo.
Spavin, Bone, 74.
Spavin, Fat, re.
Spavins, or Blood-Spavins, 74.
Spinal Glanders, 15.
Splents, three feveral Sorts of, 43.
Sprains, 85.
Spunge, a Difeafe fo called, 46.
Stable, infected, may be of dangerous Con-
fequence, 15, 33. Stag-evil, why fo called, &c. 25.
Step, falfe, 69.
Stiffnefs of the Legs, 47.
Stirrups uneven, Effect of it, 43.
Straining. Beating of the Flank, occasioned
by Straining, 34. Strangles, various Species of, 11. How to
know them, 1 2. Stranguillon, a Species of Strangles, 13.
Stunning of the Hoof, 66.
Swelling of the Tefticles, fee Tefticles.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tender-fole, 66.
Tefticles, Swelling of the, 35*. Another
Sort, 36*.
Tetters, or Ring-worms, 22. Tloorn got in Hunting, 56. Tongue cut by trie Bridle, 39, LT.
Varices, 76.
Venom, fee Poifon. Vermiforme, the Vertigo fo called. Vertigo, or Spanijh Evil, 28. Vejfigon, 76. ^Vtw, Caufe, &c. of, 26. To prevent, ib.
More of, ib. And in the Chapter of Gripes, Urine, fee Incontinence of, and Bloodv, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
W,
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Warts upon the Legs, 72»
Watery Sores on the Legs, 71.
Web in the Eye, 9.
Whitlow in the Eye, 11.
Windgalls, the three feveral Kinds of, 50."
What Horfes are mod fubject to them, ib. Witber-wrung, or Hurts on the Withers, 41.
Impoftumations of, 42, Worm, Notion of one in the Vertigo fabu-
lous, 29. Worms in Horfes, 35*.
Wounds, all Sorts of, 39.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
T.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tati of a Horfe, 40.
Teeth, Names of, and Manner of their com- ing, 1, &c. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
II. An Index of Remedies, Operations, Inftruments, @V.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Barring a Vein, 78.
Bark, Jefuits, for a Fever, 30, 31.
Bathing, for a founder'd Horfe, 23.
Billet a Horfe in gelding, how to, 40.
Bite, Receipt for, 116. Of a mad Dog, to
cure, 121. Black Soap, for the old Reds, 52.
Bladder of a Pig, or Ox, to ufe in Splents, 48.
Bleeding, when prefcribed, with various Me-
thods of, in different Cafes, 18, 23, 26, 2 7> 34*» 45- Bones of a Horfe, Anatomy of them, 90, &c.
Botsi or Worms, to cure, 122.
Broken Wind, Receipts for, 115.
Bull's Pizzle, it's Ufe in Farriery, 13, 29.
Burgundy Pitch, prefcribed in the Anticor,33.
C.
Candle, how to make ufe of one for an O^
pening of the Shoulders, 45. Caujiic,
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
JDders, Preparation of, for a Seyme, 62.
ALthiops Mineral, for the Worms, 35*. Antimony, Liver of, how to make, 79. Appetite, to provoke, 114* Aqua infernalis, for corrupted Frogs, 64. How to make, ibid. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bacon, fat, for a broken Wind,
Heaving of the Flank, 33
|
34. For the
*. Rind of, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
for Splents, 49.
Bag pf Sulphur, for the Mange, 21. Of hot Ingredients, for the Fever, 80.
Balls, for a Horfe to hold in his Mouth, 30. For the Farcy, 19. For a brokenWind, 34.
To give a Horfe Appetite, 38. Pectoral,
ii 6. Other Sorts, 119, 121.
Balm, green, Madam Feuillets, 84. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*35
|
||||||||||||||
|
An Index of Remedies^ Sec.
|
||||||||||||||
|
£/<&r Shoots, for Cheft-foundering, 34*.
Emetic, prefcribedi 27. Emetic Wine, how made* 31. Exprejfions, for the Eyes, 14, 15; Of Figs for a broken Wind, 92.
Eyes, various Forms of Remedies for, 10, &c. How to fill up the hollow Places in
them, 82.
Eye-brows of an old Horfe, how to paint, 81.
Eye-water, for a Blow, 8. For a Web in the Eye, 9. Other Forms of, 9, 10.
F.
Farcy, various Remedies for, 42,48, r r 4,1 2 2.
Farrier, cannot have a light Hand, 77.
Fatten a Horfe, how to, 112, 113, 114.
Feet, how to pare, 82. And drefs after-
wards, 83. Feuillet, Madam, her green Balm, 79. How
to make, 84. File, Steel, it's Ufe to Horfe's Teeth, 7.
Fire, to give a Horfe the Fire, Manner of
that Operation for Windgalls, 51. Only a good Horfe worthy of it, 5 2. Manner of it for Maltlongs, 60. For the Cape- let, 68. For the Bone-Spavin, 74. For Spavins in general, 75. Fomentation, for fwelled Tefticles, 36*.
Againft a Gangrene, 37. Foubert, Mr. his Ointment, 113.
Foundering,vsLTÌOMs Remedies for, 5 6,5 8,11 e.
Fumigation, fora broken Wind, 35. G,
Garlick, Infufion of, for a foundered Horfe,
23. To ufe in Splënts, 49.
Geld a Horfe, how to do it, 40. Glands, how to take away, 15. InefBcacy of that Operation, ib.
Glijiers prefcribed, 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 33, 34*. One for the Gripes, 27, 28. For the Fafhiöns, 32. For the Baftard-ftran- gles, ibid. For a Loofenefs, 80. For a. Horfe that has taken a Purge, ib. A re- frefhing one, ib. Others, 118. Goat Horns, how ufed in Farriery, 8, 33. Gore, Capt. his Receipt for a Farcy, 115. Gravel in the Foot, to cure, 118. GreafyHeels,Receipts for, 114,115,116,117- Gunjhot Water, or a vulnerary Draught, 84. |
||||||||||||||
|
Cauftic, to ufe in Splents, 49.
Charge, the Bartering, 117. Others, 120.
Cloth, Linen for the Pole-evil, 43.
Cold, Sir John Lowthers Receipt for a, 113.
A Drink for the fame, ib. Various Re- ceipts for, 115, 116. Colts Foot, an Inftrument fo called among
Farriers, 7.
Commiffiomrs to buy Horfes, Inflrudions for them, 88, 89.
Cfc*^ to hold in the Mouth, 3 9- For
Wringing on the Withers, 4r. For the Infidi of a HoriVs Foot, 66 To put round the Foot of a Horfe, ibid, tor a falfe Step, 70. Cordial, fee Draught.
Cordial Powder, how to make, 80. -
Coudrier, Mr. de la, his Receipt for a Far-
Cow-dlng,"for a founder'd Horfe, 56.
O*** » be ufed in Inflammations of the Yard, &c. 41.
CmwJ Metallorum, Infufion ot, 31. tor the Worms, 35-
65//^ a Vein, 78. D.
Jfei^fl*, Capt. his Receipt for theGreafe, DeVoZion, for a morfounder'd Horfe 14.
For the Mange, » For Piffing of differ a tofe whofe Soles are
drawn, 63.
Di?eftive Ointment, 57.
ZV, a cordial one, 1, Another ^
In the Stranguillon, 13. For a lick Horfe 14. For a Running at the Nofe, ^ Another, , j. For the Farcy, 18, io For melted Greafe, 24. For the WEril, 2 e. For the Vives, 26. For S Gripes, 257,2B. For the Vertigo, &c 30. For a Fever, ib For the Fafliions, ti 12 For a Horfe that piffes Blood, ^2: For a broken Wind, 34, 35.^6, |
||||||||||||||
|
For the Heaving ofthe Flanks, 33*. tor
the Worms, 35*. Agamft a Gangrene, , i Asainft internal Poifon, ib. To for- tify a Horfe that is ready to caft, 81. For the Farcy, • , n .
Drink for a Cold, 1.7*1*0. For the Gripes,
118,120, Other Sorts, M* "1. E.
Errs, Vdlks of, for d Haltèr-cafì, 39;
£ÏÏr, Conferve of, for the Vives, 26. |
||||||||||||||
|
ti.
|
||||||||||||||
|
Hair of a Horfe, how tö die, 81;
Hair fallen off, to make it come* 22, 8 k
Hazlejltck,
|
||||||||||||||
|
An Index of Remedies^ Sec.
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
I3Ó
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Mixture, for a Running of the Noie, io.
For a Farcy, 18. Melted Greafe, 25. For the Vives, 26. For a broken Wind, 3*i 35> 36-
Moon-eyd Horfe, how to cure, 8. Mountfort, Mr. his Receipt for any Sore, 12 r.
Mufcles of a Horfe, Anatomy of them, 95.
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Hazleftkk, to ufe in Splents, 48.
Hellebore-Yoot, how ufed in the Vertigo, 29. In the Anticor, 34.
Holes, to be made in a Vertigo, 74. Hoof, to make it grow, 116. Honey prefcribed, forCheft-foundering, 102. Horfes, Characters of thofe of different Countries, 88, 89.
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
N.
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
I.
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Navets, fee Turnips.
Nerves of the fore Legs, how to cut the,
47-
O.
Oil of Turpentine and Brandy* for a foun-
dered Horfe, 23.. Mixture of, for the Stag-evil, 25. For the Gripes, 26. Of Bays, &*c. for a broken Wind, 35. For Heaving of the Flank, 34*. Againfl: a Gangrene, 35*. For a Shoulder-flip, 45, For the fame, 114. Another, 117. An- other, 119. For Strains, &c. 1 20. Ointments, to ripen the Swelling in the Stran-
gles, 12. Others for the Strangles, 14. For the Farcy, 18, 19. For the Mange, 20, 21. In the Head-ach, 29. For a venomous Bite, 38. Suppurative, 39, 40, For a Shoulder-Dip, or Strain, 44. For the Sponge in Horfes, 46. For Splents, 48, 49. For Windgalls, 51. For Burns, 52. For the Mallenders, 53. For a Blow on the Nerve, 55. For ruin'd Nerves, ibid. 56. For relaxed Nerves, 56. For a Thorn in the Foot, ibid. For a Blow on the Fetlock, 57. For incaftellated Heels 65. For the Hoof, 66. To make the Horns good, ib. For a tender Sole, ib. For all Sorts of Feet, 67. For relaxed Nerves, 69. For Diforders of the Haunches, ib. For the Crown-Scab, 71. For fore Legs, ib. For a Spavin, 75. For watry Legs, 113. Foot Ointment, 114. For greafy Heels, ib. For the Farcy, ib. For a Swelling, 116. The Bliftering, 11 7. The Red, for greafy Heels, 118. For the Heels, 119. The Green, for all Sores, ib. For a Strain, ib. P.
Panada, for the Stag-Evil, 25. For the
Fever, 3 1.
Paring the Feet, for Figs, 82. Patience, the Herb fo called, 42. Perfume, for a glandery Horfe, 16. |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Jefuìts Bark, in Fevers, 30. How fupplied,
if not to be got, ib. Jews and Jockies, their Manner of mark-
ing Horfes, 6. Incifion of the Glands, 15. For the Vives,
26. For the Head-ach, 29. For the An- ticor, 33. Impoflumation of the Withers, 42. For fliff
Legs, 47. Intufions, for the Glanders, 16. For the
Mange, 21. For melted Greafe, 25. For the Vives, 26. For a Fever, 31. For In- continence of Urine, 3 2. Iron, Farrier's, to pierce a Swelling, 33.
For a venomous Bite, 37. For an Incifion in impoftu mated Withers, 42. K.
Knives of Steel, to give the Fire with, 51.
L.
Lapis infernalis, it's Ufe, and how to make,
72.
Lapis Mirabilis, how ufed for the Eyes, 18. How to make, 85.
Lard, Boar's, for a broken Wind, 35. For Javarts, 58.
Lees of Wine, in what Cafe to ufe, 46. Lily-Toots, for a Javart, 57. Lime-water, 1 20. Liniment, for the Heaving of the Flank, 3 3*. Againfl: a Gangrene, 37.
Liver of Antimony, for the Tetters, 53. How to make, 79.
Lowther, Sir John, his Medicines for a Cold, 113.
Lye, for a Farcy, 19. M.
Malt, to make Extract of, 120.
Mares, how to chufe, 87. Other Particu- lars concerning, ib. 88. |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Pills,
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
•
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
137
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
An Index of Remedies, &c.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
-^-^-r^-^rJI^A^Ts^T^cl the, 86. Rules to be
^^bSenSrt 4^*-?'?"» Back,
tbeHeavingoftheF^SS;. Jjj ^! Receipts for, . "^ ÏS£ditS8r^p"S oWoid^ouud.howtoniakeaHorfe,
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
ones, 79. A
Pfo^r, for fwelled Tefticles, 36
Javarts, 58. ForaSeyme 62.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
For
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*6*. ?*«/, the beft Way of cutting it off, 40-
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
P^
|
U*. for fwdkd ™es 3^ 3- ^£,0*^
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
f U'd Stones, * O^her Sorts, ^^-£;& ^ ^ +?
*SÏ il° ^Cbro^Wind, 34, 35, *fc Pieces of, to ufe in Splents, 49-
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
In
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
5 For the Heaving of the Flank, 33*-
Cordial Powder, how to make, 80. A
general one, ib.
iW i7/* a Gompofition to eat off, 18, pZe9 for the Farcy, 8 For the Mange, A A gentle one, that fattens a Horfe,
\i Another Sort of, 39; A general
one 78. Another, 79. Another, ibid.
Another, 115 Another, .121.
|
Spavins, 75. , , .
2M^, for Javarts, 58. For a Prick in
the Foot, 59.
7*r»#* wild, to ufe in Splents, 49» Jn the Mallenders, 53.
2«rtte»*«**, Spirits of, 44, 55- Effence or, for Splents, 4»- For JavartS> 5®' 7
incaftellated Feet, 65. For the Capelet, 68. For relaxed Nerves, 69. For alalie
Step, 70. For watery Sores on the Legs,
71.
U.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Quills, Goofe, their Ufe in the Head-Evil,
^ R. ■Rabofitu or Monk's Rhubarb, 23.
Kaponth ^ r F et 0f a foun- Reftringents, for the iore reec 01
dered Horfe, 24. T
&S, for the Vertigo f. For an In,
noftumation on the Withers, 4?-
k$Z Juice of, for melted Greafe, 24. S.'
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
■Fein, how tö cut, for the Varices, 76. How
to bar, for the Curb, 78.
Vine Apes, prefcribed for Cheft-foundring, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*-
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
^4 ' r
Vine-tops, wild, for a founder'd Horfe, 24.
£War, and Honey, their Ufe, 29. Vine- gar is in many Compofitions with Spi- rits of Turpentine, and with Urine for a Veffigon. See thofe Words. Unnerve a Horfe, how to, 9. Unfile a Horfe, how to, 63. £/r^, to provoke, 27- [7W«* for a Fomentation, 71. * or a \ ei vJlerarJDraught, or GunfhotWater, 84.
W.
/F^, for a Cancer in the Mouth, 3 8. For
a Tongue that is cut, 39. For a Blow on the Nerve, 55- For corrupted Frogs, 63. For fore Legs, 71. Water, fee Eye-Water. For all Sorts of Wounds, 39. Sharp Water, 121. Ci- ther Sorts, 119, l2°. r; A v'•■ 0W« of Wood, for a Horfe s Mouthy 25» Whale-bone, ufe of in the Gripes, 68. /^> a Horfe in gelding, how to, 40. Windgalk, to make them difappear, 51. ■ Worm, the Italians pretended Manner ot taking it, 29.
N n
|
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|
/
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Scarification of the Li£s,
Wtor Wax, to ute in a Bleyme, 63;
KTPeeuliarSortforineaftellatedHeelS,65.
Si*,, in what Cafe to be taken off 2$-
Y„*„ black, of ufe in the Glanders, 15. ^heOUReds, .«. in theTetters, «. In the Wringing of the Wither, 4. Jn a lame Shoulder, 44- in tne ^
<Jt 'how to preferve, or reflore an in-
feded one, 89. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
to make a Horfe, 18.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
S
|
Stallions, how to chufe, »7- 82.
^riatheHcad how to ^^^ 8.
Starlings a Medicine made ot them, 3 starlings, * Againft a Gan- Vtnne to ufe m rarcies, 5- ^&
arene ^6* To eat off Warts, 7 2.
Strangles,'various Remedies for, 25, fcc Stranguillion, to cure, 120. |
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An IND E X of Remedies in the Supplement', with the Prices
principal affixed to them.
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of the
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Page 113.
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A
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Receipt for a Cold $ d.
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by Sir John Low-
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To eafe a Splint or Spavin
The red Ointment for Greafe or Cracks-------- —
A Purge
For a Canker in the Nbfe of a Horfe
For a Swelling
A Cure for the Gravel in a Horfe's
Foot
A Glyfter for a Horfe A Purge for a Horfe Page 119. A fharp Water
A Drink For a Strained Shoulder
Ointment for Horfes Heels Green Oinment for- Wounds and. Sores ——- —-----
For a Horfe's Foot when the Sole is
taken out
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^^^^^^^^^ ther --------
A Drink for a Cold, by the fame t 8 '
An Ointment for watery Legs, by Monfieur Foubert
Another Page 114. Foot-Ointment
A Salve for Horfes Hoofs from Petworth
ÏFor the Greafe in the Heels Another For the Farcy, from Stockpool 1 6
Another for the Sores To manage a Horfe with the Farcy Another Receipt for the Farcy from the Farrier at Bucks 2
For a Shoulder Slipt or Stiff
For trie Farcy---------- 2
Page 115. Another from Monfieur
De la Coudrier For the Greafe in Ireland
For the Farcy from Capt. Gore
For the Farcy
For the heat of the Feet or foun-
dering For the Greafe, from Capt. Da-
venport A Purge for a Cold —----- i 2
For a Cold
For the Breaking a Cold
Another Purge not fo ftrong as the
other —— ----- I A Receipt for a Cold
For a broken or fhort winded Horfe
Page 116. To make a Horfe's Hoof grow For a Bite
For a Crack or Prick in the Hoof
ForaGall'd-Heel
To refre£h a Horfe after a Cold
For a Swelling
A Pectoral Ball for a Cough 1 10
For the Greafe in Horfes Lees
o
Page 117. Another
A Drink for a Cold To take off a Splint For a Cold -----■ -------> 2
For a Shoulder flip or
ftiff Shoulder
Sharp Water The Bliftering Charge 2 6
A Bliftering Ointment 4 o
-To make a Horfe Stale
Page 118. For the Gripes
A Purge to be worked with warm |
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1 8
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1 8
4 8 * 3
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Horfe Balls at 2 s.
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(yd. per lb.
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A Drink ^^^^^
A Sharp Water for a Fiftula or
Cancer, or to warn and cure any Sore —a— Page 120. For the Gripes
A Hoof Salve
Lime-Water for the Mange
Ointment for Horfes Heels
A Charge
For the Stranguillion
Oils good for Strains, Knocks
or Swellings -------- A Drink for a Cold
For a Cold
To make Extract of Malt
Page 121. For a Cold For a Strain in the Back Sinew
Balls
For a Cold
A Purge ———.
A Drink
For the Canker -----
Sharp Water
A Poultice
For the Bite of a Mad-dog
A Receipt for any Sore
by Mr. Mounford For a Splint, Spavin, or Ringbone
Page 122. For Worms and Bots
For a Swelling
For any Swelling or Strain
For a Splint, Spavin, or Curb
To cure the Bots, or Worms
For a Sinew Strain
A Gripe Drink
For the Gripes
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2
1 6 |
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* 4
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1 8
8 |
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1 4
9
1 10
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1 ©
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1 6
2 3
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Water -----. ,___, !
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8 A Receipt for the Farcy
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FINIS.
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DICTIONARY
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EXPLAINING THE
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TECHNICAL TERMS
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THAT RELONG TO THE
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STUD STABLE, MANAGE, and FARRIERY;
Or Whatever elfe relates to HORSES.
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forwards at every time or motion, fo that his
ihoulders embrace, or take in, tpo little ground, and his croupe comes too near the center of the volt. AID j to aid, aflìft, or fuccour, a horfè, is
to fuftain and help him to work true, and mark his times or motions with a juft exa&nefs. AIR is a cadence and liberty of motion,
accommodated to the natural difpofition of the horfe, which makes him work in the manage, and rife with obedience, meafure, and juftnefs of time. Some riding-mafters take the word Air in a ftricT: fenfe, as fignifying the manage that is higher, flower, and more artful or defig- ned than the terra a terra $ but others gives it a larger fignification, including under that fenfè terra a terra. AMBLING; a motion in a horfe that is
much defired, very ufeful, but not eaflly to be obtained the right way, notwithftanding the vain confidence of the various profeflbrs of it, who, tho' they fo confidently affert the fuccefs, yet differ in their methods to affed: it. ANBURY, a kind of wen, or fpungy
wart, growing upon any part of a horfe's body, full of blood. |
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A.
AB A T E 5 a horfe is faid to abate,
or take down, his curvets, when working upon curvets, he puts his two hind legs to the ground both at once, and obferves the fame exaftnefs in all the times. ABSCESS, proceeds from a blow, hurt,
or fome violence.
ACHE, a pain in any part of the Body3 a
difeafe that caufes numbnefs in the joints and proceeds from cold, taken upon hard and vio- lent exercife or labour. f ACOPUM, a fomentation to allay the fenfe
0f wearinefs; alfo a medicine for horfes, ufed tor th\fa^TIPONof the mouth, is the agitation
„f The tongue, and the mandible of a horfe, 1 by hampmg upon the bridle, keep his rnouthU. Voumayfeeby the white ropy foam, that a horfe has the aótionof the mouth, which is a figa of vigour, mettle, and heaim. A CU LE R a French word, uled in tne academies, importing that a horfe working upon volts m the Manage," does not go far enough |
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APPÜI,
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A a a
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BAR BLO
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APPUI ox (lay upon the hand, is the re- BARDELLE, is a faddle made in the
ciprocal fenfe between the horfe s mouth and the form of a great faddle but only of cloth fluffed bridle-hand or the fenfe of the adion of the with flraw, and tied tight down with pack- bridle in the horfemans hand. thread, without either leather, wood or iron ARCHED- a horfe is faid to have arch- i BARNACLES, horie twitchers, or brakes 5
ed-leas when his knees are bended arch-wife. thefe are things which Farriers ufe to put upon
To' ARM; a horfe is faid to arm himfelf horfes nofes, when they will not {land quietly
when he preües down,his head, as if he would to be fhod blooded or dreffed of any fore,
check, and bends his neck fo as to reft the 3 ARS of a horfes mouth are the ridge,
branches of his bridle upon his counter, in order or hlgheft parts of that place of *he gum that
to difobey the bit mouth, and guard his bars and never bears any teeth, and is fituated between
his mouth, which are relieved by over-bending the grinders, and the tuihes, on each fide of
i • K tne m°uth : fo that the part of the gum which
ARM AN, a confedion of wonderful ef- lies under, and at the fide of the bars, retains
ficacv to prevent a total lofs of appetite in hories. the "f me of gum.
A R RESTS are manoy humours upon the ö A Y colour. A bay horie is what we com-
finews of the hinder legs°of a horfe, between monly call red inclining to chefnuc.
the ham and the paftern. They feldom appear This colour varies feveral ways 5 it is a dark
upon the fhank finew. , , W' °r a #c H according as it is more or lefs
ARZEL a horfe is faid to be arzel, that deep : and we hawe hkewue dapple bays. See
has a white mark upon his far foot behind. M i r o tj e T T E.
A T T AIN T, is a blow, or wound, receiv- *j\Y *R £> a bay horfe
ed by a horfe in his inner feet. -Ì e : r u the t ™ P°w<kr'. *
AUBIN is a broken going, or pace, of a laid of a horfe that at each time, or motion,
horfe between an amble and a gallop. does not take in ground or way enough with his
AVERTI, a French word ufed in the ma- *ore-legs' l..ÜM a .. , , .
nage as applied to the pace or motion of a BELLY 5 a thick-bellied, a well-bodied,
horfe • furatfying a motion that is injoined, re- a well thick-flanked horfe ; that is, a horfe that
gulated, and required in the lefTons. has large, long, and well made ribs 3 or fuch
Pas ecoute, and Pas d'ecole, (#. e. liftening as are neither too narrow nor too flat,
paces, or fchool paces ) figmfy the fame BELLY-FRETTING, is a grievous pain in
►tigs' the belly of a horfe, befides the cholic.
°' BISHOPING, a term amongfl horfe-courf-
ers, which they ufè for thofè fophiftications they
g ufè to make an old horfè appear young, and a
bad one good, Sec.
BALOTADES are the leaps of a horfe BITT, or horfè-bitt, in general, fignifies
between two pillars, or upon a ftraight the whole machine of all the iron appurtenances
made with juftnefs of time, with the aids of a bridle 5 as the bitt-mouth, the branches,
of the hands, and the calves of the legs 3 and the curb, the fèvil-holes, the tranchefil, and crofs
that in fuch manner, that when his fore-feet are chains; but oftentimes it fignifies only the
in the air he fhews nothing but the fhoes of his bitt-mouth in particular.
hinder feet without yerking out. BITT-MOUTH, is a piece of iron forged fe-
BANQUET, is that fmall part of the branch veral ways, in order to be put into a horfe's
of the bncUe that 'is under the eye, which being mouth, and to keep it in fubjedion.
rounded like a fmall rod, gathers and joins the BLAZE. See Star and White-Face.
extremities of the bitt to the branch, and that in BLEYNE, or Bleyme, [w Horfes] an
fuch a manner that the banquet is not fêen, but co- inflammation occafioned by the blood's putrify-
vered by the cap or that part of the bit that is ing in the inner part of the coffin, towards the
next the branch heel' between the fole and the coffin-bone. See
BANDS of a faddle are two pieces of iron Hoof-cast.
flat, and three fingers broad, nailed upon the BLINDNESS \*n Horfes][may'bej thus; dif-
bows of the faddle, one on each fide, contrived cerned : The walk, or ftep of a blind horfe, is
to hold the bows in the fituation that maketh always uncertain and unequal.
• the form of the faddle. BLOOD-LETTING 5 the figns or indications
BAR BLES are knots of fuperfluous flefh, of blood-letting in a horfe are thefe 3 his eyes
that grow up the channels of a horfe's mouth 5 will look red, and his veins fwell more than or-
that is the interval that feparates the bars, and dinarv 5 he will alfo have an itching about his
lies under the tongue. mane
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___________CAP____________
to make him light upon the hand by trotting,
in order to make him fit for a gallop. To break a horfê for hunting, is to fupple him, to make him take the habit of running. BREATH, or wind. This word fignifies
fometimes the eafy refpiration of a horfe, and fometimes it implies the eafè and reft, or repofè of a horfe. BREED is a place where mares for breed,
and ftallions are kept in order to raifè a ftud. BREEDING of horfes. See Stud in the
Index. BRIDLE is fo termed when all it's appur-
tenances are fixed together in the leverai parts of it for the government of a horfe, BRILLIANT; a brisk, high-mettled,
ftately horfe is fo called, as having a raifed neck, a fine motion, excellent haunches, upon which he rifes, tho' never lb little put on. BRING in a horfe, is to keep down the
nofe of a horfe that bores and tolTes his nofe to the wind.
BROUILLER, is when a horfe, put to
any manage, plunges, traverfes, and appears in diforder. .
BUTTERESS is an ïnftrument of fteel
fitted to a wooden handle, with which they pare
the foot or cut the hoof of a horfe.
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BRE
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mane and tail ; and be continually rubbing them,
and lome times will fhed fonie of his hair ; other- wife he will peel about the roots of his ears, in the places where the head-ftall of the bridle lies ; his urine will be red and high coloured, and his dung black and hard ; likewife if he has red in- flammations, or little bubbles on his back, or does not digeft his meat well 5 or it the white of his eyes be yellow, or the infide of his upper 01 nether lip be fo, thefe are figns he ftands in need of bleeding. BLOOD RUNNING ITCH, happens to
an horfe by an inflammation of the blood, be- ing overheated by hard ridincr. BOAR; A horfe is faid to boar when he
fhoots out his nofe as high as his ears, and tofles his nofe in the wind. BOLSTERS of a faddle, are thofe parts
of a great faddle which are raifed upon the bows, both before and behind, to hold the ri- der's thigh, and keep him in a right pofture, notwithstanding the diforders the horfe may oc- cafion.
BOUILLON is a lump or excrefcency
of flefh that grows either upon or juft by the frufh, infòmuch that the frufh fhoots out like a lump of flefh, and makes the horfe halt ; and this we call the flefh blowing upon the frufh. BOULETTE; a horfe is called boulette,
when the fetlock, or paftern joint, bends for- ward and out of its natural fituation ; whether through violent riding, or by reafon of being too fhort jointed, in which cafe the leaft fatigue will bring it.
BOUTE 5 a horfe is called boute, when his
legs are in a ftraight line from the knee to àìQ coronet.
BOWS of a faddle, are two pieces of wood
laid arch-wife, to receive the upper part of a horfe s back, to give the faddle it's due form, and keep it tight.
BRANCHES of a bridle, are two pieces
of iron bended, which, in the interval between one and the other, bear the bite-mouth, the crofs-chains, and the grub 5 fo that on one end they anfwer to the head-ftall, and on the other to the reins, in order to keep the horfe s head in fubjeclrion.
BRASSICOURT, or brachicourt ; is a
horfe whofe forelegs are naturally bended arch- wife; being fo called by way of diftinftion from an arched horfe, whofe legs are bowed by hard labour. L
B R A Y E, an obfolete French Word, made
ufè of by fome to fignify the entry of the horfe's throat, or the extremity of the channel towards tliQ maxillary bones. BREAK; to break a horfe in trotting, is
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A D E N C E, is an eqal meafure or pro-
portion, obferved by a horfe in all his motions. CAL ADE, or Baflè, is the defcent, or
floping declivity, of a rifing manage ground; being a finali eminence, upon which we ride down a horfe feveral times, putting him to a fhort gallop, with his fore-hams in the air, to make him learn to ply and bend his haunches, and form his ftop upon the aids of the calves of the legs, the ftay of the bridle, and the cavek fon, feafbnably given : for without thefe aids he would throw himfelf too much upon his fhoul- ders, and not bend his haunches. CALKINS, a fort of horfe-fhoes for frofty
weather. CANNON-MOUTH of a bit, is a round
but long piece of iron, confifting fometimes of two pieces that couple and bend in the middle, and fometimes only of one piece that does not bend, as in the cannon mouth a trompe. CAPARASSON, or horfe-cloth, is a fort
of cover for a horfe.
CAPRIOLES differ from croupades in
this, that in a croupade the horfe does not ihow
his
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__________C H O___________
his fhoes 5 and from a balotade in this, that in
a balotade he does not yerk out. CARACOL, is an oblique pifte or tread
traced out in a femi-round, changing from one hand to another, without obferving a regular ground. CAREER, this word fignifies both the
ground that is proper for the manage and courfe, and race of a horfe that does not go beyond two hundred paces. CAVALCADOUR, is a word ufed at the
court of France, and among the families of the blood, fignifying the querry 5 that is, mafter of the horfe. CAUTING-IRON, an iron with which far-
riers fêar thofe parts of a horfè that require burning. CHANFRIN, is the fore-part of a horfè's
head, extending from under the ears, along the interval, between the eye-brows, down to the nofe. CHANGE a horfe, or change hand , is to
turn, or bear the horfè's head from one hand to another, from the right to the left, and from the left to the right. CHANNEL of a horfe, is the hollow be-
tween the two bars, or the nether jaw-bones, in which the tongue is lodged. CHAPELET, is a couple of flirrup-leathers,
mounted each of them with a flirrup, and join- ed at top in a fòrt of leather buckle, called the head of the chapelet, by which they are made faft to the pommel of the fàddle. CHAPERON of a bit-mouth, is a word on-
ly ufêd for fcatch-mouths, and all others that are not cannon-mouths. CHARBON, an obfolete French word, fig-
nifying that little black fpot or mark, that re- mains after a large fpot, in the cavity of the corner teeth of a horfè, about the fèventh or eighth year. CHASTISEMENTS, or corrections, are
the fevere and rigorous effects of the aids 5 for when the aids are given with feverity they be- come punifhments. CHAUSSE trop4iaut ; a white-footed horfè
is faid to be fuch, when the white marks run too high upon the legs. CHEVALER (a French word) : a horfè is
faid to be che valer, when in paltaging upon a walk or a trot his far fore leg croffes or over- laps the other fore leg every fecond motion. See to Passage. CHOPS, CLEFTS, RIFTS, are maladies in
the palate of an horfè's mouth , caufed either by eating coarfe or rough hay full of thirties and other prickly fluff; or by foul provender full of fharp feeds, which by frequent pricking of the |
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__________CRE____________
bars of his mouth caufes them to wrankle and
breed corrupt blood. CLAMPONNIER, orCrap0nnier3 an obfo-
lete Word fignifying a long jointed horfè. To CLOSE a pajfade jujlly^ is when the
horfè ends the pafTade with a demivolt, in good order, well narrowed and bounded, and termi- nates upon the fame line upon which he parted, fo that he is ftill in a condition to part from the hand handfomely at every laft time or motion of his demivolt. CLOYED, ACCLOYED, a term ufed by
Farriers of a horfè, when he has been pricked by a nail in fhoeing. COFFIN, or hoof of a horfè.
COILING of the Stud, is the firft making
choice of a colt, or young horfè, for any fer- vice. COLT, a word in general, fignifying the
male and female of the horfè kind. COLT-EVIL, a difèafè to which both ftone-
horfe and gelding are fubjeét. To COMMENCE, or initiate, a horfe, is to
put him to the firft lefTons, in order to break him. CORNERS, or angles of the volt, are the
extremities of the four lines of the volt when you work in fquare. CORONET, or cronet of a horfe, is the
loweft part of the pattern which runs round the coffin, and is diftinguiflied by the hair which joins and covers the upper part of the hoof. CURVET, {m the Manage) an air, when
the horfè's legs are more railed than in the de- mivolt s, being a kind of leap up, and a little forward, wherein the horfe raifes both his fore- feet at once, equally advanced, (when he is go- ing ftrait forward, and not in a circle) and as his fore-legs are falling, he immediately raifes his hind-legs, as he did his fore 5 that is, equally advanced, and not one before the other : fo that all his four legs are in the air at once. CRAPAUDINE, or tread upon the coronet,
is an imperfection in a horfe's foot. CREPANCE, is a forateli or chap in a
horfe's legs, given by the fpunges of the hinder feet eroding and flriking againft the other hind- er foot. CRESCENT (among Farriers): a horfè is
fàid to have crejeents, when the point, or that part of the coffin bone, or little foot, which is moft advanced, falls down, and preffes the fole outwards ; and the middle of the hoof above the toe fh rinks and becomes flat by reafbn of the hollownefs beneath it. CREST FALLEN is an imperfe&ion or in-
firmity in a horfe, when the upper part of his neck, on which his mane grows, called the creft,
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D~Ö~C ~ E s T___________
------------------77 , „na r .. or the other, wafli it with falc and water, or good brandy :
creft, hangs either on the on. «Me or , ^ ^ ^ ^^ remedy_
not ftandmg npnght as ,t ought to do. DRAUGHT horfe, a horfe deftined for
rROTlP of a hor e ought to oe ïargc aim j .?
J f rhV the tops of the two haunch bones the cart, plough, &c.
round, fotha.the tops om DRENCH, is a fort of decociion prepa- be not within view of ^^^ red for a fick horfe. ■
diftance ^^^^^^^t fore DRINKING ƒ far/b immediately after
A Zgr?Z but his croup in walking hard riding, is very dangerous
quarters go right, due r DRY, to put a horfe to dry meat is to feed fT?nWNED.7liorfe is faid to be crown- him with corn and hay after taking him from
CROW £ > accident, he is fo grafs, or houfing him.
ed, when, 7*™l°r,™ that the hair ftieds DUST *»<* SAND will fo dry the tongues
hurt or wounded in the knee tha the ^ nnd falls off without growing again.
CRUPPER, the5buttocks of a horfe 5 the tice.
rump : alio a roll of leather put under a horfe s talCURB is a chain of iron made fail: to the %
^%lfe^^^~tó trBRIDLADE' - a check of the bridle
To CURTAIL « *■?*, ^ which the horl-eman gWest0 thehoïfe) by him, or cut orr his tan. , , . -^ f one rein whcn he refufes to turn.
To Cut the round, or Cut the volt, is JgCAVESSADE is a jerk of the cavef-
rn chanee the hand when a horfe works upon ^avmda , j
to cnangc lwv jjvidine the volt in ion.
volts of one tread • fo that div & Une tore. ECHAPE5 an echape is a horfe got be-
two, he turns and parts uPu & ^^ ^ ftallion and a mare of a different
commence another vo t. bteedy and different countries.
ECHAPER, to fuffer a horle to efcape or
n flip from the hand.
u' ECÖUTE -j a pace or motion of a horfe.
;« 4,p academies, ECU RIE, is a covert-place for the lodging
D^yVip^^^^R and houfing of horfe, - -
applied to a ^J^^^^S 4 ECUYER, a W> word, (in £^/,yfr
on the volts, makes hi, ihou de s g dfent f felons in fr^
for the croupe to fo low, ^'fZldL EEL-BACK'D hofjes, are fuch as have black
H UP- ™ '^ * ^^^ lifts along their back,
vours only to go upon one whicn e ENLARGE a horfe, or make him go
herefiftan^ h ls to ke him embrace more ground
heels, or from the rault 01 t than he covered.
too haftv with his hand, ^ee mas *« FNTABLER; a word ufed in the acade-
%ISÀRM5 to diÊrm the hps o £ o fe J^JAB^ ^ ^ ^
is to keep them fubjed, and ou from^ above the , ^^ ^ ^ yok
^iSiyirSW B ENTERFEKING, a difeafe incident to
luPth by bearrng up the fc and fo h.ndr.ng ^T]U.pAS ^ or ^
the horfe from feeling the ettects p ^ .^^ ^^ a broken amWe
bars. is r „.. A,f~,rC V PARER : a word ufed in the manage, to
b' To DISGORGE is to d.fcufs, or difperfe E^ ™ '( a horfe. or his yerkfng ot
an inflammation or fwelhng. ^ wkh ys hind ,
leather, as long as the cock of a;.**"£ ESQUIAVINE an old M word fig-
«tóch ferves as a cover to the tads of leaping ^.^^ and feyere chaftifement of a horfe ^ock-Pibcb of a horfe ftouldbe:la^ in «te manage. rf ^
a„d full, rather than too mal : if a h fe g 1 ^TRA^^ ^ ^ ^ rf ^
beneath the dock, greafe the part every day, ana ^ nfes
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_________G R A_____________
To FLY the heels : a horfe is faid to fly the
heels when he obeys the fpur. FONCEAU, is the bottom, or end, of a
cannon-bitt-mouth ; that is, the part of the bitt that joins it to the banquet. FOOT of a horfe, confifts of the hoof or
coffin; which is all the horn that appears when the horfè's foot is fèt on the ground. FORE-LEGS of a horfe, confili of an
arm, a fore-thigh and the fhank. To FOUNDER a horfè, is to over-ride
him, or to fpoil him with hard working. Chefi Foundering, adiftemper proceeding
from crudities in the ftomach, or other weak- neiTes obftru&ing the paffage of the lungs. G.
V
GALLOP, is a motion of a horfè that
runs at full fpeed. Gallop, or Canterbury-rate, is a pace be-
tween a full fpeed and a fwifc running. GALLOP ADE; the fine gallopade, the
ftiort gallop, the liftening gallop, the gallop of the fchool : 'Tis a hand gallop, or gallop upon the hand, in which a horfè galloping upon one or two treads, is well, united, well raccourci, knit together, well coupled, and well fet under him. GAS COIN, the hinder thigh of an horfè,
which begins at the Jlifle, and reaches to the fly, or bending of' the; ham. GATE, is the going, or pace of a horfe.
GAUNT BELLYD, or light belly'd horfe,
is one whofe belly fhrinks up towards his flanks. GENET, a kind of Spanijh horfe.
GIGS, otherwife called bladders, or flaps,
are a difeafe in the mouth of a horfe. GIRTH, a kind of faddle buckled upon a
horfe's belly; alfo a faddle that is buckled and compleat for ufè. GLANDERS, a diftemper in horfes, pro-
ceeding, according to the French accounts, from corrupt humours about the lungs and heart, ari- fing neither from the blood nor phlegm, but from the one and the other bile, and therefore it is called dry. GOING, is the pace or gate of a horfè.
GORGED, i.e. fwelled.
GOURDY LEGS, a diftemper in horfes,
caufed by pains and other flefhy fores. To GRAPPLE ; a horfe is faid to grapple, ei-
ther in one or both legs; the expreffion being peculiar to the hinder legs. GRAVELLING, a misfortune that happens
to a horfè by travelling, by little gravel-ftones getting
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__________F L I______________
rifes mightily before ; and while his fore-hand
is yet in the air, yerks out furioufly with his hind legs, ftriking higher than his head was be- fore, and during his counter time goes back ra- ther than advances. To EXTEND d horfe, fome make ufe of
this expreffion, importing to make a horfe grow large. F-
FALCADE5 a horfe makes falcades when
he throws himfelf upon his haunches two or three times, as in very quick curvets ; which is done in forming a flop, and half-ftop. FALLING-EVIL a difeafe proceeding from ill blood.
FALSE QUARTER is a cleft, crack,
or chink, fometimes on the out fide, 'but for the mod part on the infide of his hoof. FARCIN, FARCY, FASHIONS, a creep-
ing ulcer. FEATHER in a Horfe"s forehead j &c. is
nothing elfe but the turning of the hair. Feather, alfo upon a horfè, is a fort of na-
tural frizzling of the hair, which in fome places rifes above the lying hair, and there cafts a fi- gure refèmblihg the top of an ear of corn. FEEL; to feel a horfe in the hand, is to
obfèrve that the will of a hórfe is in the hand,that he taftes the bridle, and has a good afpui in o- beying the bitt. FERME a ferme 3 a word peculiar to the
manage fchools, < fignifying in the fame place, without ftirring or parting. FETLOCK is a tuft of hair as big as the
hair of the mane, that grows behind the pattern joint of many horfès. FIG [in Horfes'] a difeafe that takes its name
from a wart or broad piece of flefh growing up- on the frufli towards the heel, refembling a fig in fhape. FILLET S, the loins of a horfe.
FIRE, to give the fire to a horfè, is to
apply the firing iron red hot to fome preternatu- ral fwelling in order to difcufs it. FIRING IRON is apiece of copper or
iron about a foot long, one end of which is made flat, and forged like a knife, the back of it being half an inch thick, and the fore edge about five or fix times thinner. FLEAM, is a fmall inftrument of fine fleel,
compofed of two or three moveable lancets for blooding a horfe. To FLING, is the fiery and obftinate a&ion
of an unruly horfè. |
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_________1 N T
HOOF of a horfe, is all the horn that ap-
pears when his foot is fet to the ground. Hoof-Bound, is a fhtinking of of the hoof
.at the top, and at the heel, which makes the skin flare "above the hoof and fo grow over it. Hoof-Brittle, an infirmity in horfes, pro-
ceeding either naturally or accidentally 3 natu- rally from the fire or dam 5 accidentally from a furfeit, that falls down from the feet 3 or elle from the horfe's having been formerly foun- dered. J Hoof-Cast, or, cafiing of the hoof is,
when the coffin falls clean away from a horfe's foot. Hoof-Swelled 3 an infirmity that fome-
times happens to young horfès by being over- ridden, or too hard wrought, which caufes them to fwell in that part, by reaion of the blood fal- ling down and fettling there, which^ if not fpee- dily removed, will beget a wet fpa^in. Hoof-Loosened, is an infirmity in a horfe,
it is a diffolution or dividing of the horn or coffin of his hoof from his flefh, at the letting of the coronet. See more upon the Articles of Dijea- fes, &c. in the Index of Difeafes. Horse-Measure, a rod of box to Aide out
of a cane, with a fcjuare at the end, beine* divi- ded into hands and inches, to meafure the height of horfès. Horse-Shoe 3 of thefe there are feveral
forts. See the Supplement. Horse-Racing 5 a diverfion more ufed in
England than in all the world befide, and for which the Englifh horfes are better than any other. HOUGH, or ham of a horfe, is the joint
of the hinder quarter, which joins the thigh to the leg. HUNGRY EVIL, is an inordinate defire,
in horfès, to eat. |
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HIP
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<7ettin<r between the hoof and the fhoe, which
fettle °at the quick, and there fefter and fret. GREASE MOLTEN, a diftemper in a
a horfe, when his fat is faid to be melted by over hard riding or labour. See the Index. GROOM, a man who looks after horfes.
GROUPADE a lofty kind of manage,
and higher than the ordinary curvets. |
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H.
HALBERT is a finali piece of iron one
inch broad, and three or four inches foldered to the toe of a horfe s (hoe, which jets°out before, to hinder a lame horfe from reft- ina or treading upon his toe. ^HALTER CAST is an excoriation or the
mftern occafioned by the halter being entangled about the foot 3 upon the horfe s endeavouring to rub his neck with his hinder feet. HALTING happens fometimes before,
and fometimes behind 3 if « bf bef°re> ™ ,ff
ment muil of nece/Hcy be in the /boulder, knee, fank, tap™* 01 foot. , HAM, HOUGH of a horfe is the ply or
bending of the hind legs, and likewife compre- hends the point behind, and oppofite to the ply, called the hock. , , ,
H AND is a meafure of a fill clinched, by
which we compute the height of a horfe
HAND-HIGH is a term uied in norle-
maninrp, and peculiar to the EngUfi nation
HARD Horfe, is one that is infallible of whip or four. , , &r
HARNESS GALLS 3 fometimes the brealts
of coach-horfes are galled by the harnefs.
HAUNCH, or hip of a. horie.
H E A R T S 5 a horfe of two hearts, #» e. a
horfe that works in the manage with conftramt and involution, and cannot be brought to con- C
^HEA VY; to reft heavy upon the hand is
faid of a horfe, who, thro' the foftnefs o his back, and weight of his fore-quarters, or thro weannefs, throws himfelf upon the bridle, but withal, without making any refinance, or any effort to force the horfeman s hand. HEEL of a hrfe, is the lower hinder part
of the foot. '■■ . , r
HIDE-BOUND, a diftemper in horfes
when the skin flicks fo feft to the back and ribs,
that you cannot pull it from the flelh. with your a HIP-S H O T 5 a horfe is faid to be fuch,
when he is wrung, or has fprained his haunches or hips, To as to relaxate the ligaments that keep the bone in its due place. |
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JARDES, JARDONS, are callous and
hard fwellings in the hinder legs of a horfè, feated on the outfide of the hough, às the fpa- vin is on the infide. IMPOSTHUME in horfes, is an unna-
tural fwelling of humours or corrupt matter in any part of the body. INSTEP, is that part of the hinder leg of
a horle that correfponds to the fhank in the fore-leg, extended from the ham to the paftern- joint. INTERFERE, or Cut 5 to knock or rub one
heel againft another in going. JOCKEY,
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JOCKEY one that trims up horfes, and LONG-JOINTED Hor fi, is one whofe pa-
rides about with horfes for fale. fern is (lender and pliant. ITCH [in Horfes], a diftemper which may
be perceived by their rubbing their legs till the hair comes off. M' |
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MALANDERS, MALENDERS, a dif-
eafe in horfes. MALT-LONG, MALT-WORM, is a can- kerous forrance about the hoof of an horfè, jufl upon the cronet, which breaks out into knobs and bunches that run with a wateriih, fharp lee, and humour, which will, if let alone, envenom the whole foot. MANAGE, is a word that fìgnifies a place,
not only let a-part for the exercifè of riding the great horfe, but likewifè the exercifè itfelf. MANE, the hair hanging down on a horfe's
neck. MANGER, is a little railed bench under
the rack in the flable, made hollow, for re- ceiving the grain or corn that a horfe eats. MARES, the female of the horfe kind. MARK; a horfè marks, that is, he fhews his age by a black fpot, called the bud or eye of a bean, which appears at about five and a hm. in the cavity of the corner teeth. MARTINGAL, a thong of leather, fa-
ttened to one end of the girths under the belly of a horfè, and at the other end to the mufs-roll, to hinder him from rearing. MASTIGADOUR, or Slabbering-bitt, is a
fnaffle of iron, all fmooth, and of a piece, guard- ed with paternojìers, andeompofèd of three halfs of great rings, made into demi-ovals, of une- qual bignefs, the leffer being inclofed within the greateft, which ought to be about half a foot high. A mafigadour is mounted with a head- flail and two reins. M E L LIT, a diftemper in a horfe, being
a dry fcab growing upon the heels of his fore- feet. M E S-A IR, is a manage half terra a terra,
and half corvet. MIDDLING-TEETH of a Horfe, are the
four teeth that come out at three years and a half, in the room of other four foal-teeth, fèat- ed between the nippers and the corner-teeth. MOLTEN GREASE, is a fermentation or
ebullition of pituitous and impure humous, which precipitate and difembogue the guts, and oftentimes kill a horfe. MONTER a des, or, a poil • a French
expreffion, fignifying, to mount a horfe bare backed, or without a faddle. M O O N-E YES; a horfè is faid to have
moon-eyes when the weaknefs of his eyes in- creases or decreafès, according to the courfè of the
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K.
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KNEE of a horfe, is the joint of the
fore-quarters, that joins to the fore-thigh in the fhank. |
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L.
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AMP AS, LAMPERS, LAMPRASS,
is a fort of fwelling in the palate of a |
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horfe's mouth, i. e. an inflammation in the roof
of his mouth behind the nippers of his upper jaw 5 fo called, becaufe it is cured with a lamp or hot iron.
LARGE; a horfe is faid to go large and
wide when he gains or takes in more ground in going wider off the center of the volt, and de- ferring a greater circumference. LASSITUDE, or marine fi in a horfe.
L E A D j a horfe going in a ftrait line, al-
ways leads and cuts the way with his right foot.
LE APING-HORSE, one that works in
the high manage, a horfe that makes his leaps in order, with obedience, between two pillars, up- on a fir ait line, in volts, caprioles, balotades, or croupades. LEGS of the Horfe man, the aftion of the
horfeman's legs given feafonably, and with judg- ment, is an aid that con lifts more or lefs with the calf of the leg to the flank of the horfe, and in bearing it more or leis off, as there is occa- fion.
L E N G T H j to paffage a horfe upon his
own length, &c.
LESSONS for a Horfe ; when your horfe
will receive you to and from his back gently, trot forward willingly, and fland ftill obedient- ly, then he is fàid to have learnt his leffons for what purpofe foever he is intended. LIGHTEN; to lighten a horfe, to make
a horfe lighter in the fore-hand, is to make him free and lighter in the fore-hand than behind. LIGS in a Horfe, are little pufhes, wheals,
or bladders, within the lips of a horfe. |
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LISTENING ; a horfe is faid to
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go a
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liflening pace. I______
LOCKS, are pieces of leather two fingers
broad, turned round, and fluffed on the infide, to prevent their hurting the piftern of a horfe. |
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PAR
OSSELETS, (i. e.) little Bones, are 'hard
excrefcences in the knees of fome horfès^ OVER-DONE, over-rid, or over-worked ;
a horfe is fo called, when his wind and flrength are broke and exhaufled with fatigue. OVER-REACH, a horfe is faid to over-
reach when he brings his feet too far forwards, and flrikes his toes againft the fpunges of his fore-fhoe. OX-FEET in a Horfe. See Index of Di f
eajes. OX-LEGS, an imperfection in fome horfès,
which, tho' they have the back-finew of their fore-legs fomewhat fèparate from the bone, yet their finews are fo fmall, and fo little fet off, that their legs will become round after fmaii labour. |
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OPE
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the moon $ fo that in the wane of the moon his
eyes are muddy and troubled, and at new moon clear up 3 but ftill he is in danger of lofing his eye-fight quite.
MOUTH of a Horfe, fhould be moderate-
ly well cloven j for when it is too much, there is much difficulty to bkt a horfè fo as that he may not fwallow it, as horlemen term it. MULE, MOIL, is of two forts, the one
engendred of a horje and a female afs, and the other of a male afs and a mare. |
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N.
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NA G, Little Nag, or Tit, is a horfe of
a fmall, low fize. NARROW, a horfe that narrows, is one that does not take ground enough ; that is, does not bear far enough out to the one hand or to the other.
NAVEL-G ALL, is a bruile on the back
of a horfè, or pinch of a faddle behind, which if let alone long will be hard to cure. NEEZINGS; helps to purge a horfe's
head when it is flopped with phlegm, cold, and other grofs humours. NEIGHING, is the cry of a horfe. Such
a horfè neighs.
NIGHT-MARE, a malady incident to
horfès as well as human bodies, proceeding from a melancholy blood oppreffing the heart. NIPPERS, are four teeth in the fore-part
of a horfe's mouth, two in the upper and two in the lower jaw.
NOS E-B AND, or Muf roil, that is, the
part of a head-ftall of a bridle that comes over a horfe's nofe.
NOSTRILS of a Horfe, mould be large
and extended, fo that the red within them may be perceived, efpecially when he fneezes : the widenefs of the noftrils does not a little contri- bute to the eafinefs of breathing. |
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P.
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PACES of a Horfe 5 the natural paces of
a horfe's legs are three, viz. a walk, a trot, and a gallop -, to which may be added, an amble, becaufe fome horfes have it natural- ly 5 and fuch horfes are generally thé fwiftefl amblers of any. PAINS in Horfes, is a diftemper, a kind of
ulcerous fcab, full of a fretting mattery water, breeding in the patterns, between the fetlock and the heel 5 which comes for want of clean keeping and good rubbing, after the horfes are come off a journey, by means of which, fànd and dirt remaining in the hair, frets the skin and flefiH, which turns to a fcab. PAL AT E, the upper part or roof of the
mouth.
PAL SE Y in Horfes, a difèafè that fome-
times deprives the whole body of fènfè. PANNELS of a Horje, are two cufliions
or bolflers, filled with cow's, deer's, or horfe- hair, and placed under the faddle, one on each fide, touching the horfe's body, to prevent the bows or bands from galling or hurting his back. P A N T O N S, or Pantable-Jhoes, are a fort
of horfè-fhoes that ferve for narrow or low heels, and to hinder the fole from growing too much downwards, fo that the foot may take a better fhape. P AR E -j to pare a horfe's foot, is to cut his
nails, that is, the horn and fole of the foot, with a buttrice, in order to flioe him. PARTS of a horfe's body proper to
bleed in : 1. It is ufual to bleed horfes in the jugular
veins, which lie on each fide the neek, for the farcy, mange, repletion, and feveral other di- ftempers ; and affo by way of evacuation twice C e e a-year?
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O.
OBEY5 a horfe is faid to obey the hands
and the heels, to obey the aids and helps, (/. e.) to know or anfwer them according to de- SOPENlNG of a Horfes heels, is when
the fmith, in paring the foot, cuts the heel low, and takes it down within a finger's breadth of the coronet, fo that he feparates the corners of the heel, and by that means impairs the fub- fhnce of the foot, caufing it to clofe, and be- come narrow at the heel. |
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________"p~X~T ______ k ^______
^^n^-STfaT^dl and labour fi^lom fhrink.ng, and the haunch fro.
bUt,UtnLd ,s utoilv taken from the temples, P AW the Ground ■ ahorfe paws the ground,
vLfmall lancet ^ bites or blows o/the .when his leg being either tired or painful, he
with a lmall lancet, iui " ^^ ^ refl. ,t Upon the ground, and tears to
eyeS' „ • u „ o 1«,f«W made on purpofe hurt himfelf as he walks.
;. Fame» have a lancet made onjurp p£SATE or jy* or Pofide> j, when
for opening of veins beneath the ton - tor J ,/ f^
^Th"^\Ì£r°XlZs ^l. keeps^his hind-le|s upon the ground without ,
ed by exceflive labour, or ror eii , flirting, fo that he marks no time with his
vrots. , ,r in ,.1,., onftu 0f haunches till his fore-legs teach the ground.
4. It is ufiial to bleed horfes in the■ «e o „ horf wh(>
the noie, without S&«TÌxfeS£?g being full of metre, or fire, reftlefs and for-
the vein or not; and this is alfo for At», M «J ^ g > ^ rf ^.^ and an
j,„, and being much over-heated. exceflive eagernefs to go forwards, makes this
5. Horfes are let bood in the — °J ^e fhe more that you endeavour to keep
^'^intwtVe'l^uftel him in, he bends his leg the more up to his
fharp horn, when they nav 0 _ Hefn trarerfes, if he can, and by
""o Blood Ttlken fom the gU or thigh- his fiery aftion Brews his reftivenefs.
Ó. Blood is «£™, in the moulders, or P ï CKER, is an iron inftrument five or fix
veins of horfes, tor (trains in rn _^ knt or „„^d on one fide, and
the mange in thole parts. „ -, . and pointed on the other, ufed by grooms
-, Hnrffs are blooded in the pa'.terr.-. buiu r . r > u r .
7. nones are oiuuu^." F;_c_„iv;-e in cibante the milde of the manage hones
a fleam or a lancet, for ftrams or innrmities in cieanie ine 0
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^Th^^ett blood in the toes, with a ^PILLAR; moft great manages have pillars
8. 1 hey are iet uiu fi d fa m]ddle of the manage.grounc|) to
buttrice or drawing iron fo 1K&mft^ p0,nt out the center; but all manages in gene-
feet, and infirmities in the lep,,** as Iwel P^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ ^„„^^ other lings and oopreffions of the ?«*«• , m kcred two and two> at certain diftances, I The flank-veins are fo™« ™ °Pen^ ^m vfhence they are called the two pillars, to with a fmall lancet made for that purpole, ^ them;from that of che center. the yàw „ „,;rh fleams in the flat of PINCHING is when ahorfe ftanding ftill,
, o Blood is drawn with^ fleam in te tua hjm feft ^ ^ ^^^ and
the thighs, for blows and ftrams in the mun ^^ ^ ^ .^ ^ ^ ^ rf his ^
i.'fej'. ... , 1 j„,i, ,«i.li „ PISSING «ƒ Blood, may proceed from
„. They bleed in theriortó, wirh a * f7 ^> ^^O», fc
^lilrÀDE^ri^r^y, -ti* à tte **,. , u Lf-
« PrA t iener thin once upon the fame PISTE, is thetread, or track, that ahorfe
horfe makes oftener than once p d ^ ^
extent of ground, faffing and re paffing trom P J | or /W„WK;
one end of irs length to W* ^*J«£ as £ iscalled b fome> is , Jumper in horfes,
not be done without changmg dehuri, o bd d ^ Jtlon of feell r motion.
turning and making a derm-tout at each or ^ ANTED [with Farriers'], a term nfed
'"PASSAGE SpTftage ahorfe, is to make of a horfe, who is feid to be right planted on
PASSAGE, to Po g j, hh Km^ when he ft ds ny fi hls
him go upon a walk or trot up J t d one advanced before the other ;
treads, between the two he Is, <^»**£ £?«, ^ ^^ ^^ than beW> ^
fo that his hi» make a track parallel .^ ^g ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ftou,d be ^
raapeAb|TERNT« Horfe, is the diftance than between his fore-thighs, at that part next
PASTERN of a j, fcoulders; the knees ought not to be too
between the joint of that name ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ defcend ^ &
% A TIN SHOE a horfe-ftioe fo called, ftrait line, to the very faftern-joint, and the
PATIN-SMUt, (bouldbe turned neither out nor in, the
u„der which is foldered a^ fort of haU ba aWt ^ ^^
iron, hollow within. lis meo £ ^ backwards rhan the coronet.
tXt^^i^é^X PEATE-LONGE, Bawovenftrap, four
that the norie, not DemD r b as brQad as chree fi d a<;
gSxff&isZsi s*?* th«ckas oJ'madeuft of■"the manage forfl:g
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R A C
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PUN
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7—l^~~le^^ * »^* 1S amortnefs of
ling a uw o > „... feveral operations breath, either natural or accidental. The 00-
down, in order to facilitate F ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ cock chroppled. for
PT AtTeIN is a vein on the infide of that iiis thropple or wind-pipe being fo long,
if thigh a httle below the elbow. he is not able to draw his breath in and out
each fore- 5 ' horfe'shead, with fo much eaiè as other horfes do which are
^nTNSON if a little pome, or piece of loofe throppled, becaufe the wind-pipe being too
1 1 • ' £xed in a wooden handle, ftreight, which lhould convey the breath to the
fharp-pointe iron,^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ lungs, and vent it again at the nofe, makes him
which tne c*vr*ck a leaainVhoi(e in the croupe, pant and fetch his breath (hort 5 and in like
he means P1 0f \he°faddle, in order to manner when his pipe is filled with too much
or beyond the end or ^^ ^ ^.^ fuffocaC£S |
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m^ke him verk out behind.
PO IN T S, or Toes of a bow of a faddle.
P O T N T ; a horfe is faid to make a point,
when in working upon volts he does not ob- rt the round legSady, ^ ^^Ìt out of his ordinary ground, makes a fort or an- |
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' 1 1 • 1 11 1
. him, and makes his lungs labour the more.
P U T 5 'tis ufed for the breaking or managing
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Put your horfe to corvets, put
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3 horie : as.
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of a horle 3
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/j/V^ to caprioks.i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
P Y E-B A L D Horfe, is one that has fpots upon a coat of another colour. |
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white
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»UL ui »«_- his circular tread.
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g
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jle, or P^VjyL 1S a fort 0{fijlula, or deep P YROET h fome are of one tread or pifte,
P 9 • the ears of the poll, or in the nape and iome of two.
^rL hrfs neck, which proceeds from corrupt Thofe of one tread are otherwife called, Pi.
or the none» > , . $ rouettes de la Me a la queue.
humours falling upon it ^ ^^ ^.^ ^^ ^ y ff fo are endre and
rfk^ e to his rider, in which narrow turns made by the horfe upon one tread,
aótion, in difobedience^ ^^ mnn\nay and rifes and almoft in one time, in fuch a manner, that
the horfe rears up leve in^dan^er of his head is placed where his tail was, without
fo upon his hind-legs that he is 0 ouck hatches.
coming over. , French
PORTER, [to carry], ^à in theOT
manage, for direding or puftung on a horfe at pleafure, whether for wards upo^ turns V* ^ <*
PRESS upon the Hand- a ™" kher chro» QUARTER 5 to work from quarter to
refill, orprefs upon the nana,v
to V J quarter, is to ride a horfe three times in
the ftffnefs of his jck or ha» ^ ^ ^ \</ H ^ foft rf a
run too much a-neau, ^e ^ ^ ^ ^^ chen changing your hand, and riding
gainft the horle s hand, ff r the bridle. him three times upon a fecond^ at the third
Har' PRICK of tnct - to give a horfe line changing your hand, and Co paffing to the
To PKi^' . i/fnnr without clapping third and fourth, obfervmg the lame order,
a gentle touch ot tne if», ^ £ Quarters o/^ .Stoffe, are the pieces of
them hard to him. g ^ on , ^ or fluff made 6ft to the lower part of
PRlLls.t^ |/J ò J the fides of a faddle, and hanging down below
^t^rKT otherwife called «cchyed, cloy- the faddle.
P RIC K 1, otnerwnc ^ ^^ fi^._ Qjj A R T E R s. Fore-Quarters, and iiyw*.
«J, or rtfr<»J, &c. in re P negWn^ of Quarters ; the fore-quarters are the moulders
fies only the having a prick by tne * g ^ ^ fo ^ hind er$ ^ ^ j.
theFairierindrivmgthenató,^^ .f and the , be6hmd. nefs, ill pointing, or »» *g^ ^^ JITTER-BONE, a hard round fweU
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n
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V may difcern it by the ling upon tne coronet, Detween a nunc 5 ucci
. , ^?^ir if vOU would know it and the quarter, which moil commonly grows |
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h
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roinlv oinch him round the hoot witn on me mime or u.c luuv.
more certainly, pincn ro to the q„ i T T E R; the matter of an ulcer or fore. a pair of pincers, and vvnen yu ^.
pkee aggrieved he will ftrmk in his foot, or
^Ife you may rry where he is pricked by throw- i Ltero/his hoof, for that place «here he R. •ft^ft.S^SSSt^*-1^ P ACK a wooden frame made co hold hay
backend" thlcl mouldered, with a broad R or fodder for cattle.
neck, and well lined with fletti. KaQK,
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__________REM____________
Racking, a certain pace of a horfe, or a
motion in going, in which he trots nor gallops, but is between both. RAGOT, is a horfe that has fhort legSj a
broad croupe, and a ftrong thick body. R AIS E 5 to raife a horfë upon corvets, up-
on caprioles, upon pefades, is to make him work at corvets, caprioles, or pefàdes. Raise is likewife ufed for placing a horfe's
head right, and making him carry well , and hindering him from carrying low, or arming himfèlf. RAISTY, RESTIVE, a term ufed in re-
fpeci: of a horfè, when he will go neither back- wards nor forwards. RAKE 5 a horiè rakes, when being fhould-
er-fplait, or having {trained his fore-quarters, he goes fb' lame, that he drags one of his fore-legs in a femicircle, which is more apparent when he trots than when he paces. To Rake a Horfe, is to draw his ordure
with one hand out of his fundament, when he is coftive, or cannot dung ; in doing this the hand is to be anointed with fallad oil, butter, or hog's greaje. RAMINGUE, a horfe called in French
ramingue, is a reflive fort of a horfe, that re- fills the fpurs, or cleaves to the fpurs, that is, defends himfelf with malice againfl the fpurs, fometimes doubles the reins, and frequently yerks, to favour his difobedience. R A S E j to rafe, or glance upon the ground,
is to gallop near the ground, as our Englifh horfès do. RATS-TAILS, a mofl venomous difeafe
in horfès. R a T-T a IL 5 a horfe is fo called when he
has no hair upon his tail. RAZE; a horfè razes, or has razed, that
is, his corner teeth ceafe to be hollow, fo that the cavity where the black mark was, is now filled up. REARING an End, is when a horfe rifès
fó high before, as to endanger his coming over upon his rider. R E C H E A T, a lefTon which huntfmen wind
upon the horn when the hounds have loft their game, to call them back from purfuing a coun- ter game. R H E U M, is a flowing down of humours
from the head, upon the lower parts. Rheumatic Eyes in Horfes, are caufed
by a flux of humours from the brain, and fome- times by a blow. REINS, two long flips of leather fattened
on each fide the curb or fnaffle. R E M O L A D E, is a lefs compounded ho-
my charge for horfes. |
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RENETTE, is an inftrument oi poliifi-
ed fteel, with which they found a prick in a horfè's foot. REP ART, is to put a horfe on, or make
him part a fècond time. REPOLON, is a demi-volt 5 the croupe is
clofed at five times. R E P O S T E, is the vindictive motion of a
horfe, that anfwers the fpur with a kick of his foot. REPRISE, is a leflbn repeated, or a ma-
nage recommended. . RE STY, a refly horfe, is a malicious un-
ruly horfe. R E T R AIT S, or Pricks ; if a prick with
a nail is neglected, it may occafion a very dan- gerous fore, and fefter fo in the flefh, that the foot cannot be faved without extreme difficulty. RIBS of a Horfe, mould be circular and
full, taking their compafs from the very back- bone. RIDGES, or /'Vrinkles of a Hor f e's mouth,
are the rifings of the flefh in the roof of his mouth, which run a-crofs from one fide of the jaw to the other. RIDGELING, the male of any beaft
that has been but half cut RIG, a horfe that has had one of his ftones
cut out, and yet has got a colt. RING-BONE in a Horfe, is a hard, cal-
lous, or brawny fwelling. RIVET, is that extremity of the nail that
refts or leans upon the horn when they fhoe a horfè. ROAN ; a Roan horfè is one of a bay fòr-
rel, or black colour, with grey or white fpots interfperfed very thick. ROPE, Cord, or Strap, is a great ftrap
tied round a pillar, to which a horfe is faftened when we begin to quicken and fupple him, and teach him to fly from the chambriere, and not to gallop falfè. Ropes of t<wo pillars, are the ropes or
reins of a caveflon, ufed to a horfe that works between two pillars. ROUND, ox volt, is a circular tread.
ROUSSIN, is a ftrong, well knit, well
flowed horfe. ROWEL, the goad or pricks of a ipur.
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SACCADE, is a jerk more or lefs violent,
given by the horfèman to the horfè in pulling or twitching the reins of the bridle all on a fudden, and with one pull, and that when a
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S I G
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a horfe lies heavy upon the hand, or obftinately
arms himfelf.
SADDLE, is a feat upon a horfe's back,
contrived for the conveniency of the rider. S a D D L E-G all; when a horfe's back is
hurt or fretted by the fàddle. SALLENDERS, are chops or mangy fores
in the bending of the horfe's hough. S AU LT S, the leaping or prancing of horfès,
a kind of curveting. SCAB, or itch, a diftemper in horfes, pro-
ceeding from their being over-heated, and cor- rupt blood. SCABBARD, is the skin that ferves for a
{heath or cafe to a horfe's yard.
SCABBED HEELS in Horfes, a diftem-
per, called alfo the frufh. SCATCH-MOUTH, is a bitt-mouth,
differing from a cannon-mouth in this, that the cannon is round, and the other more oval. SEAMS, S E Y M E S, in Horfes, are certain
clifts in their quarters, caufed by the drynefs of the foot, or by being ridden upon hard ground. SEAT, is the pofture or fituation of a horfe-
man.
SEELING; a horfe is faid to feel, when,
upon his eye-brows, there grow white hairs,
mixed with thofe of his ufual colour.
SE VIL of the branches of a bridle, is a
nail turned round like a ring, with a large head
made faft in the lower part of the branch, called
gar gout lie.
SHAMBRIER, or Chambriere, is along
thong of leather, made faft to the end of a cane or ftick, in order to animate a horfe, and pu- niih him if he refufes to obey the rider. SHAN-K, in a horfe, is that part of the
fore-leg, which is between the knee and fecond joint, next to the foot, called a fet-lock, or paflern joint, SHORT-JOINTED; a horfe is faid to
be fhort-jointed that has a fhort paflern. SHOULDER of a Horfe, is the joint in
the fore-quarters that joins the end of the flioul- der-blade with the extremity of the fore-thigh. Shoulde r-P i g h t in a Horfe, is a ma-
lady, being the difplacing of the point of the ihoulder by fome great fall, rack, or pain, which may be known by one moulder-point's flicking out farther than its fellow. Shoulder-Pinching, a misfortune
that befals a horfe by labouring or ftraining when too young, or by being over-loaded. SIDE; to ride a horfe fide-ways, is to pa£
fage him, to make him go upon two treads, one of which is marked by his moulders, and the other by his haunches. SIGUETTE, is a caveffon with teeth or
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tches ; that is, a femi-circle of hollow and
ulted iron, with teeth like a faw. SINE W", to unfnenjo a hor je, is to cut the
o finews on the fide of his head. Sinew jprung, is a violent attaint, or over-
ach, in which a horfe flnkes his toe, or hinder- et, againfl the finew of his fore-leg. SKITTISH Horfe, is one that leaps in-
ead of going forward, and does not fet out or art from the hand freely, nor employ himfelf s he ought to do. SLACK a leg, is faid of a horfe, when he
ips or Humbles. SNAFFLE, otfmall watering bin, is com-
only a fcatch-mouth accounted, with two very ittle ilrait branches, and a curb, mounted with head-flail, and two long reins of Hungary eather. SNORT, is a certain found, that a horfè,
ull of fire, breaths through his noflrils,and founds s if he had a mind to expel fomething that is n his nofê, and hundred him from taking breath. SOLE of a Horfe, is a nail, or fort of horn, that is much tenderer than the other horn that encompafles the foot, and by reafon of it's hard- nefs, is properly called the horn or hoof. SORRANCES; maladies incident to horfes.
SPAVIN, a difeafè among horfes, which is a fwelling or fliffnefs in the hams. SPEAR; the feather of a horfe. SPLENTS; a difeafè in horfes, which is a callous, hard, infenfible fwelling, or a hard gri- ffie, ■ breeding on the fhank bone. It fpoils, in time, the Shape of the Leg. SPUNGEo/'tf Horfe-/hoe, is the extremity
or point of the ifioe that anfwerstothe horfe's heel. STARS, are diflinguifhing marks in the fore-heads of horfes. STEP and LEAP, is one of the fêven airs,
or artificial motions of a horfe. STIFLE in a Horfe, a large mufcle, or that
part of the hind-leg which advances towards his belly, and is a mofl dangerous part to receive a blow upon. STONE-BRUISING, a misfortune that
befals the cods of a horfè. STOP, is a paufè or difcontinuation.
STRAIN, SPRAIN, a misfortune that befals a horfe when his finews are ftretched be- yond their due tone. S T RIN G-H ALT [in a Horfe'], an imper-
fection which is a fudden twitching or {hatching up of his hinder leg. STUD; a place where ftallions and mares
are kept to propagate their kind. SÜMPTE R-H O R S E ; a horfe that carries
provisions and necefTaries fora journey. SOLE of a Horfe, is, as it were, a plate of
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D d d horn.
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TUE
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Z A I
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horn, which encompaffing the neih, covers thwhole bottom of the foot.
SORREL, is a reddifh colour, with whicthe mane ought to be red or white 5 it is diftinguiihed, according to the degrees of it's deepnefinto a burnt fòrrel, and a bright or light forrel ; bugenerally (peaking, 'tis the fign of a good horf
SOUND 5 a horle is fuch that does not hal
T.
TEDDER, TETHER, a rope wherewith the leg of a horfe is tied, that hmay graze within a certain compafs.
TEETH, are little bones in a horfê's jawswhich ferve not only to facilitate the nourifhment, but likewife to diflinguifh the age ohorfes.
TERRA A TERRA, or terre a terre
is a fêriés of low leaps, which a horfê makes for- wards, bearing fide-ways, and working upon two treads. TERRAIN, is the managed ground upon
which the horfè marks his pifle or tread. THIGHS of aHorjeman: The efTed of
the rider's thighs is one of the aids that fêrves to make a horfe work vigoroufly in the manage. TICK, an infirmity in an horfê, when he
preflês the edge of the manger with his upper teeth. TOE before^ and quarter behind^\jwithFar-
riers'] a rule which they obfêrve in fhoeing horfês. T R A M E L, a machine for teaching a horfê
to amble. TRANCHE-FILE, is the crofs-chain of a
bridle that runs along the bitt-mouth from one branch to the other, TRAVES, a kind of ffiackles for a horfe
that is in teaching to amble or pace. TRAVERSE, a horfê is faid to traverfe
when he cuts his tread crofs-wifê, throwing his croupe to one fide, and his head to the other. TRAVICE, is a /mall inclofure or oblong
quadrangle, placed before a farrier's fhop. TREPINGER, is the adion of a horfê,
who beats the dufl with his fore-fêet in manag- ing, without imbracing the volt 5 and who makes his motions and times fhort, and near the ground, without being put upon his haunches. TRIP, a ftumbling, a falfê ftep. TRUSSED5 a horfê is faid to be welltruf- fed, when his thighs are large, and proportioned to the roundnefs of the croup. T U E L 5 the fundament of a horfê.
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TURN, is a word commonly ufed by the
Riding-Maflers, when they dired their fcholars to change hands. TURNINGy?ra/^/ [in the Manage], an
artificial motion of a horfê. TUSHES, are the fore teeth of a horfe,
fêated beyond the corner teeth, upon the bars. TWIST 5 the infide, or flat part of a man's
thigh 5 upon which a true horieman refts upon horfê-back. TROT, is one of the natural paces of a horfê.
v.
VARISSE, [in Horfes] an imperfection
upon the infide of the ham, a little diflant from the curb, but about the fame height. To VAULT ajhoe, is to forge it hollow,
for horfês that have high and round foles. U NIT E 5 a horfê is faid to unite, or walk
in union, when in galloping the hind-quarters follow and keep time with the fore. VOLT, fignifies a round or circular tread.
U RIN E 5 a fêrous or waterifh excrement de-
rived from the blood, which paffes from the reins, and is difcharged through the bladder. w.
WALK, is the floweft, and leaf! railed of
a horfê's goings. WIND-GALLS, adifeafe, being bladders
full of a corrupt jelly. WIND-GALL, is a foft fwelling, occa-
fioned bp over-working, juff. by the horfe's fet- lock. WITHERS of a Horfe begins where the
mane ends, being joined to, and ending at the tip of the fhoulder-blades. W1THER-WRUNG5 a horfê is faid to be
wither-wrung when he has aot a hurt in the withers. Y.
YARD-FALLEN5 a malady in a horfê
which proceeds from want of flrength to draw it up within the fheath. YIELD, is to flack the bridle, and give the
horfê head. 2.
ZA IN, is a horfe of a dark colour, neither
grey nor white, and without any white fpot or mark upon him. |
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F I N IS.
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