\

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.) Department of the interior | � | Monographs | of the | Unitednbsp;States geological survey | Volume XVII1 [Seal of the department] |nbsp;Washington | government printing office | 1891nbsp;Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell,nbsp;director | � | The flora | of the | Dakota group | a posthumousnbsp;work I by | Leo Lesquereux | Edited by F. H. Knowlton |nbsp;[Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1891 4�. 400 pp. 66 pi.

Lesquereux (Leo).

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, .director | � | The flora | of the | Dakota group | a posthumous work | by | Leonbsp;Lesquereux | Edited by F. H. Knowlton | [Vignette] |nbsp;Washington | government printing office | 1891nbsp;4�. 400 pp. 66 pi.

[United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey). Monograph XVII.]

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | � | The flora | of the | Dakota group | a posthumous work | by | Leonbsp;Lesquereux | Edited by F. H. Knowlton | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1891 4�. 400 pp. 66 pi.

[United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.) Monograph XVII.]

^DVERTISEMEI^TT.

[Monograph XVII.]

The publications of the United States Geological Surrey are issued in accordance with the statute approved March 3, 1879, which declares that�

�The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geological and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lauds, and reports upon general and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geologicalnbsp;Survey shall accompany the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs andnbsp;reports of said Survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director, butnbsp;otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published for scientific exchangesnbsp;and for sale at the price of publication; and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchangenbsp;shall be the property of the United States and form a part of the library of the organization: And thenbsp;money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into the Treasury of the Unitednbsp;States.�

The following joint resolution, referring to all government publications, was passed by Congress July 7, 1882:

�That whenever any document or report shall be ordered printed by Congress, there shall be printed, in addition to the number in each case stated, the �usual number� (i,900) of copies for bindingnbsp;and distribution among those entitled to receive them.�

Except in those cases in which an extra number of any publication has been supplied to the Survey by special resolution of Congress or has been ordered by the Secretary of the Interior, this office has no copies for gratuitous distribution.

1880.

II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Second Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1880-�81, by J. W.

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�. Iv, 588 pp. 62 pi. 1 map.

III. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Third Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1881-82, by J. W.

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IV. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fourth Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1882-�83, by J. W.

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V. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fifth Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, by J. W.

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VII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Seventh Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1885-86, by J. W.

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VIII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eighth Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1886-87, by J. W.

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X. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tenth Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-�89, by J. W.

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�. 2 V. XV, 774 pp. 98 pi. and maps; viii, 123 pp.

XI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eleventh JAnnual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1889-�90, by J. W.

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The Twelfth Annual Eeport is in press.

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�Brontotheridaj, by O. C. Marsh.

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79. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Late Volcanic Eruption in Northern California and its peculiar lava, by J. S. Diller.

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84. Correlation papers�Neocene, by W. H. Dall and G. D. Harris.

90. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 1890-�91. E. W. Clarke, chief chemist.

92. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Compressibility of Diquids, by Carl Barns.

93. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some Insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, by S. H. Scudder.

94. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barns.

95. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes in California during 189q-�91, by E, S. Holden.

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98. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Flora of the Outlying Coal Basins of Southwestern Missouri, by David Whitft.

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� Correlation papers�Jura-Trias, by I. C. Russell.

_ Correlation papers�Algonkian and Archeau, by C. E. Van Hise.

� Correlation papers�Pleistocene, by T. C. Chamberlin.

� The Eruptieve and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and their contact phenomena, by W. 8. Bayley.

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� A Bibliography of Paleobotany, by David White.

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Mineral Resources of the United States [1882], by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8�. xvii, 813 pp. Price .50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 8�. xiv, 1016 pp. Price 60 cents.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. .

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887, by David T. Day. 1888. 8�. vii, 832 pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resonrces of the United States, 1888, by David T. Day. 1890. 8�. vii, 652 pp. Price 50 cents.

The money received from the sale of these publications is deposited in the Treasury, and the Secretary of that Department declines to receive bank checks, drafts, or postage-stamps; all remittances, therefore, must be by postal note or money okdek, made payable to the Librarian of thenbsp;�. S. Geological Survey, or in ouerency for the exact amount. Correspondence relating to the publications of the Survey should be addressed

To the Dieectok op the

United States Geological SiVryt^y,

Washington, D. C.

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

J. W. POWELL, DIKEC�OR

THE F]T)3=^A

OP THE

A POSTHUMOUS WORK

BY

LEO LESQUEREUX

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR

THE Fl.ORA

OF THE

A POSTHUMOUS WORK

BY

LEO LESQUEREUX

CONTENTS.

Page.

Letter of transmittal......................................................................... 11

Editor�s preface.............................................................................. 13

Introduction................................................................................. 19

Description of species............... 23

Cryptogamia................................................................... 23

Fungi................................................................................ 23

Pyrenomycetes.........................................................1......... 23

Ferns...............;................................................................ 24

Polypodiaeese.............................................. 24

Phanerogamia........................................................................ 26

Gymnospermse.....�.................................................................. 26

Cycadace�..................... 26

Conifer�......................................................................... 32

Conifers of uncertain relation........................................... 36

Monocotyledoues............... 37

Gramine�....................... 37

Alismacese...................................................................... 37

Arace�.............................................. 38

Palm�........................................................................... 39

Liliace� ... 40

Dioscoreace�............... 41

Bromeliace�................................ 41

Dicotyledones.................. 42

Salicineas......... 42

Cupulifer�....................................................................... 51

Myricace�................................................... 66

Juglande�....................................................................... 68

Platanace�...................................................................... 72

Urticace�........................................................................ 76

Balanopliore�............................................................... 87

Proteaoe� ____�................................................................... 89

Lanrine�........................................................................ ,91

Monimiace�............... 108

Aristolochie�.................................................................. 109

Ebenace�......... 109

Sapotace�........................................................................ 113

Myrsine�.................................................................. 114

Ericace�....................................................... 115

Caprifoliace� ...................................... 119

Cornace�..................................................................-..... 125

Araliace�........................................................................ 127

5

6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;CONTENTS.

Page.

Description of species�Continued. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

Dicotyledoues�Continued.,

Myrtaceae...... ................................. 136

HamamelideiB......................... 139

. � nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rosaceini......................................................................... 142

' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Leguminosse.................................. ................................. 145

AnacardiaceEP,..........................................r......................... 154

Acerace�...............................................,... .*................... 156

SapjndaceJB............ 158

Ampelidace�..............................j........,_____....................... 159

Rhamne�................. 165

Celastrine�.........�........____............................... 172

Ilicine�____'................____�...;.............................................. 176

�Tiliace�..........................;............................................. 180

Sterculiace�....... 182

Menjspefmacea�.....................i..................................... 196

Anonaceai..........i............................................................. 198

Magnoliace�.................. 198

Genera and species of uncertain relation...................................................... 212

Aspidiophyllum.................................................................. 212

Phyllites............ 213

Ptenostrobus..................................................................... 219

Nordenskioldia................................................................... 219

Carpites............................................ 220

Table of distribution......................................................................... 222

Analysis of the Dakota Group Flora.............................. 226

ILLUST'RATIONS,

7

ILL�STEATIOlSrS.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

Department of the Interior,

U. S. Geological Survey,

Division of Pai.eobotany, Washington, - D. C., December 11, 1890.nbsp;Sir; I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript and drawings of a monograph of the flora of the Dakota Group, by Prof. Leo Lesque-reux, edited by Prof F. H. Knowlton, and to request its publication.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Lester F. Ward,

Geologist in charge.

Hon. J. W. Powell,

Director.

11

EDITOR�S PREFACE.

Tliis volume upon the flora of tlie Dakota Grroup was the last work upon which Prof. Lesquereux was engaged fie had already in his Cretaceous Flora^ and the Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras^ made extensive contributions to the knowledge of Dakota Ci�oiip plants, but by the discoverynbsp;of ricli plant deposits in central and westeim Kansas, in Nebraska, Minnesota, and other places, much additional material was obtained. This material had been collected from time to time until about 1885, when he setnbsp;to work to prepare a final monograph. The manuscript of this monograph,nbsp;which filled about 475 written pages and was ac.companied by 45 quartonbsp;plates, was completed and sent to the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey on February 21, 1888. It embraced descriptions and figures of 350nbsp;species of plants.

A few months after it had been sent to Washington, and before it could be taken up for piiblication, very extensive additional collections were madenbsp;in Ellsworth County, Kansas, by Mr. Charles H. Sternberg, and by the Museum of the University of Kansas, under the direction of Prof F, H. Snow.nbsp;�Phis material, which numbered some thousands of specimens, was sent tonbsp;Prof Lesquereux for identification, and, although he was in feeble health atnbsp;the time and knew full well that his days for work must necessarily be numbered, he entered upon the task with characteristic enthusiasm. He saw atnbsp;once that the material contained much that was new and interesting, andnbsp;in order that it might be incorpoi�ated in the monograph he asked that thenbsp;manuscript and plates be returned to him. This was done, and his lastnbsp;days were spent in working up and adding this new matter, and at the timenbsp;of his death the material had all been identified and described and most of

�Contributions of the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories. Parti: The Cretaceous Flora, U. S. Geol. Survey of Terr., Vol. 6, Washington, 1874.

^Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories. Part III: The Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras. U. S. Geol. Survey of Terr., Vol 8, Washington, 1883.

13

EDITOE�S PEEPAOE.

it figured. The value of this new material will be appreciated when it is known that it added 110 species to the already rich flora of the Dakotanbsp;Group. This brings the total number of known species from the Dakotanbsp;Group up to 460.

The task of the editor of a posthumous work is always a delicate one, especially when any portion of such a work is left unfinished, for he is innbsp;constant fear that he may not correctly interpret and carry out the wishesnbsp;of the author. I have, therefore, made hardly any changes, except thosenbsp;expressly implied or called for in the notes left by Prof. Lesquereux himself As he worked upon this later, and in some respects richer material,nbsp;certain previous conclusions of his underwent modification; thus, additionalnbsp;material led him to change what had first been described as Fhyllites Masoninbsp;to Ilex Masoni, Phyllites cretaceus to Platanus cretacea, etc. Changes ofnbsp;this kind were not actually made by himself, but were indicated by notes.nbsp;Additional points of comparison among the species were also suggested asnbsp;liis work went on, and whenever indicated they have been carefullynbsp;attended to.

The only specimens that had not been figured at the time of Lesque-reux�s death were purchased of Mr. Sternberg, together with many others, by Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania. These Mr. Lacoe has courteously placed at our disposal, and they have been drawn by Mr. F. Vonnbsp;Dachenhausen, the ai�tist of the Paleobotanical Division. They number 30nbsp;figures, and fill Plates LXIV, LXV, LXVI.

In a few instances the specific names given by Prof Lesquereux to new species were preoccupied; for example, � Celastrophyllum ohovatum, sp.nbsp;nov.,� is antedated by G. obovaturn of Fontaine ; Myrica proxima, sp. nov.,�nbsp;by the M. proxima of Ettingshausen, etc. Sucli names I have changed, andnbsp;have indicated the fact in foot-notes.

I have also changed the arrangement of some of the orders and genera to make it conform to that in Bentham and Hooker�s Genera Plantarum, ornbsp;rather have arranged them in the reverse order of this, since they proceednbsp;from the lower to the higher j)lants.

In conclusion, I beg to acknowledge my great obligation to Prof Lester F. Ward, for counsel and valuable assistance; to Mr. C. D. White,nbsp;who has verified all of tlie references; to Prof F. II. Snow, of the University of Kansas, who has supplied information that was lacking, and anbsp;valuable series of specimens; and especially to Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston,nbsp;Pennsylvania, who has generously placed his extensive and highly valuable

EDIT�K�S PREFACE.

collection of Dakota Glroup plants entirely at my disposal. 1 am also under obligation to numerous collectors and students throughout the countrynbsp;who have, by contributing either specimens or vahiable information, combined to make the flora of the Dakota Group one of tlie inost thoroughlynbsp;known fossil floras 'of the woidd.

I take this opportunity of appending here a short account of Prof Lesquereux�s life and work.

LEO LESQUEREUX.

Tjbo Lesquereux, the Nestor of American paleobotanists, died at his home in Columbus, Ohio, October 25, 1889. His lite, while exceedinglynbsp;varied and filled with hardships and disappointments, was a singularly purenbsp;and noble one, and America lost by his death not only her most distinguished vegetable paleontologist, but her foremost bryologist, and the fewnbsp;who enjoyed the honor of his personal acquaintance lost a genial companion,nbsp;a kindly critic, and a sympathetic friend. He was the last of the distinguished trio�Agassiz, Guyot, Lesquereux�which the Geneva Revolutionary Council of 1848 by its edict suppressing the Academy of Neuchamp;telnbsp;sent to our shores. These men, �born in the heart of Switzerland�s mountain grandeur,� early imbibed that love of nature which was ever thenbsp;actuating impulse of their lives. The departments of science which theynbsp;so assiduously studied would be comparatively incomplete but for theirnbsp;untiring efforts.

Lesquereux was an exceedingly modest and retiring man. The early misfortune of the loss of his hearing made communication and intercoursenbsp;so difficult that he rarely ventured from home, and those who knew himnbsp;best knew him only through the medium of correspondence. As he oncenbsp;said: �My associations have been almost all of a scientific nature. I havenbsp;lived with Nature, the rocks, the trees, the flowers. They know me; Inbsp;know them. All outside are dead to me.� But in spite of this drawbacknbsp;and of the changes that it necessitated in his life he bore it cheerfully and

uncomplainiiiglv.

Several excellent accounts of Lesquereux�s life have appeared, written by personal friends and companions, but by the courtesy of Prof. Lester h.nbsp;Ward I am able to reproduce here a short autobiographic letter, written innbsp;response to a request, in which the chief incidents of his life are related innbsp;his own modest, quaint language:

EDITOR�S PREFACE.

Columbus, Ohio, May 1, 1884.

Prof. Lester F. Ward,

Washington, D. G.:

My Dear Sir: I am greatly honored by your kind letter of the 29 th past, and hasten to answer it. Indeed, 1 liave wanted for some weeks to write to you and havenbsp;only been prevented trom doing so by a somewhat long spell of sickness. I will,nbsp;however, write to you as soon as I have a moment of leisure. I am now crowded withnbsp;proofs coming in mass for correction, and can but now say only what you wish tonbsp;know.

I was born at Fleurier, Canton of Nenchatel, Switzerland, November 18, 1806. My father was a manufacturer of watch springs, in tolerably good circumstances, butnbsp;not rich. Being the only sou, and fond of books, especially of rocks and flowers, anbsp;kind of natural, as they call people of that kind in the South, my mother wanted menbsp;to become a minister. My family, Lescure, Lescurieux, Lesquereux, being of Frenchnbsp;origin, Huguenots, emigrated from France, with most ot the old families of Frenchnbsp;Switzerland. To that end, after my village schooling, I was sent to college at Neu-chatel, and there passed through all the classes up to the last one (philosophy), beingnbsp;then ready at my nineteenth year to go to the university. My father had paid at Neu-chatel my board only. I had earned the expenses of academical lessons by teaching.nbsp;My father being unable to support expenses at the university in Germany, 1 acceptednbsp;a position in Saxony at Eisenach as professor of French language, exi)ecting to makenbsp;money enough to go later to auniveisity. But after four years� sojourn at Eisenachnbsp;I became engaged to a young lady, and instead of going to the university I came backnbsp;to Switzerland and was accepted as principal of a college. La Chaux de Fonds, andnbsp;after one year went back to Eisenach to get married. After three years of teachingnbsp;at La Ohaux de Fonds I became gradually and soon totally deaf, or at least so deafnbsp;that I had to abandon my position and tiud something else to support my family. I didnbsp;that for years by manual labor, having returned to my family and gone in partnershipnbsp;with my father. But I could not stick to that work, and was constantly busy in mynbsp;hours of rest, that is mostly, in the night, with a poor, small microscope, studyingnbsp;mosses, and on Sundays running in the mountains to gather them. The Government of Neuchatel was then greatly interested in the protection of peat bogs onnbsp;account of the difficulties of procuring fuel for the poor, and offered a prize (goldnbsp;medal of 20 ducats) for the best memoir on the formation of the peat, its preservation, etc. I went to that study and won the prize. My memoir�Recherches sur lesnbsp;Tourbi�res du Jura�is still quoted and has been long considered g,s the best on thenbsp;subject. It was from the publication of that memoir that I become more intimatelynbsp;acquainted with Agassiz, and that the King of Prussia (that is his Government),nbsp;offered to pay my expenses and somewhat more if I would undertake a tour of exploration through Germany and any other countries I should wish in Europe, for the investigation of the peat bogs. Of course I accepted, w'ent through Germany, Sweden,nbsp;Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, everywhere I could find peat bogs, and returnednbsp;with a mass of material which I expected to use for a book on the subject. Neuchatelnbsp;was then under the protectorate of the King of Prussia. In 1848, and when I wasnbsp;engaged as director of exploitations of peat bogs bought by the Governmeut, thenbsp;liberal or Swiss party became master of the situation and all those who had beennbsp;appointed to any place by the Government were of course thrown aside. The Academy

EDITOE�S PEEFACE.

of Neuchatel was also broken up. Agassiz was already in America one year before. He encouraged the professors to come to America, Guyot, Matile, and others, myself,nbsp;too. And as the future prospects for the support of my family were gloomy, mynbsp;father, too, encouraging me to come here, I embarked, with my wife and five children,nbsp;as steerage passengers, and arrived at Boston in September, 1848. That is about all.nbsp;That, fighting against odds, especially by my total deafness, I have had plenty ofnbsp;bard times, is easily understood. But all has been well for me, thanks to a kindnbsp;Providence.

About the publications of mine, you have probably more titles than I know of, for I have forgotten many and many are not worth much. I am now reading the proof ofnbsp;a third volume of the United States Coal Flora; of a Synopsis of the American Mosses,nbsp;and of a small book�Principles of Veg�table Paleontology�for the Geological Survey of Indiana. After that I think to close my active career, if I can possibly donbsp;that; for I must work for my living.

Excuse this long talk. It is your fault. If you want an old man to say one word on himself he will make quite a discourse.

Sincerely yours,

L. Lesqtjereux.

Lesquereux was therefore over 40 years of age when he reached this country.. He was totally deaf and had never heard a word of spokennbsp;English in his life, yet he set bravely to work in winning a home. His firstnbsp;work in this country was done for Prof. Agassiz. This consisted in workingnbsp;up and preparing for publication the collection of plants made by Agassiznbsp;on his Lake Superior expedition. His report was published in 1848.

At the close of the same year he was called to Columbus, where he made his home for the remainder of his life. The circumstances under which he came to Columbusnbsp;deserve to be mentioned, as they bring to light a history that has few counterpartsnbsp;in the country hitherto. By the publication in 1845 of the Musci Alleghaniensis^ Mr.nbsp;William S. Sullivant, of Columbus, had put himself at the head of American bryolo-gists, and was so recognized at home and abroad, the scientific collections of thenbsp;Government in this Department even coming into his hands for study, and the fieldnbsp;was in every way widening before him, bringing him more than he could do unaided.nbsp;He was a gentleman of large fortune and was therefore not obliged to ask even a livingnbsp;from science. All of his work was done at his own charges and most of it was published in like manner. It was distributed among his fellow laborers in a like manner.nbsp;Mr. Sullivant called Lesquereux to his aid, and for many years thereafter, even to thenbsp;date of Mr. Sullivan t�s death, the foremost bryologist of America and one of the mostnbsp;accomplished bryologists of Europe worked side by side in completest accord andnbsp;harmony with mutual respect for each other�s acquirements and results. Lesquereuxnbsp;was employed by Mr. Sullivant one or two years and was afterward aided in variousnbsp;ways in carrying forward his work by the generosity of his friend.�

'Leo Lesquereax. By Edward Orton. The American Geologist, vol. 5, No. 5, May, 1890, pp, 291, 292.

MON XVII-2

EDITOE�S PREFACE.

Lesquereux and Sullivant published together the two editions of the Musci Exsiccati Americani, the first edition in 1856, the last in 1865. Thenbsp;Latin text of Sullivant�s leones Muscorum was also largely written by Lesquereux, and the publication of the second volume was carried forwardnbsp;after Sullivant�s death.

For some years before his death, Sullivant had been engaged in collecting materials for the publication of a complete account of the North American moss flora. After his death his extensive collections and librarynbsp;were deposited in Harvard College Herbarium, and at the urgent requestnbsp;of Dr. Asa Gray, Lesquereux was prevailed upon to take up and completenbsp;the task. Much of this work was done before his sight failed him in 1869,nbsp;when it was necessary to call in other assistance, and Prof. Thomas P.nbsp;James, of Cambridge, was interested in the work. He made such of thenbsp;microscopical examinations as had not been made, but his death again delayed the work, and it was not until 1884 that it was finally completed andnbsp;given to the world as a Manual of North American Mosses.

His paleobotanical work is so extensive and valuable, and is so well known to all students of the science the world over, that little mention of itnbsp;is necessary liere. His first work was published in 1854, and from thatnbsp;year until the day of his death the world saw issuing almost every year annbsp;additional volume testifying to his indomitable energy and keen discrimination. He was a pioneer in the department of vegetable paleontology in thisnbsp;country, and while some of the earlier work done, as is so commonly thenbsp;case in new and unworked fields, will need revision when the fossil flora ofnbsp;America is more thoroughly worked up, the whole stands as a monumentnbsp;which future generations may well marvel at and emulate.

F. H. Knowlton,

Assistant Paleontologist.

U. S. Geological Survey,

Washington, D. C., December 19, 1890.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

By Leo Lesqueeeux.

INTRODUCTION.

The details concerning the first discovery of leaves of dicotyledonous plants in the strata of the Dakota group, the subsequent researches madenbsp;by Messrs. Meek and Hayden, by Dr. J. S. Newberry, and later by Prof.nbsp;Jules Marcou, Prof. J. Capellini, and Oswald Heer, as well as the evidencenbsp;furnished as to the age of the formation by the distribution of animal remains in the strata superposed upon it, have all been presented with reference to the data in my monograph of The Cretaceous Flora (pp. 1�10), whichnbsp;forms vol. 6 of the Reports of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories under F. V. Hayden.^ In the same volume there is also recorded whatnbsp;was then known of the geographical and stratigraphical distribution of thenbsp;Dakota Group, its superposition upon the Permian, its thickness, thenbsp;width of its area as recognized in Kansas, Nebraska, and Minnesota,nbsp;its probable continuity westward under more recent or Tertiary formations,nbsp;and the manner of deposition of the vegetable remains.

Later in the Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras, which forms vol. 8 of the Hayden Monographs,^ record is made of the discovery of a number of specimens of fossil plants, identical with or closely allied to those of the Dakotanbsp;Group of Kansas, in Cretaceous strata exposed by upheaval at the base ofnbsp;the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, a discovery proving the westward continuity of the formation.

I have nothing to add now to what has been published on these different subjects. A geological survey of the State of Kansas similar to that of

�Quoted in this volume as Cret. FI.; ibid., Vol. 7, as Tert. FI. �� Quoted in this volume as Cret. and Tert. FI.

19

THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Minnesota, now in progress, will undoubtedly clear up much that still remains uncertain concerning the width of the area occupied by the Dakotanbsp;Group in the United States, the thickness of its deposits, the composition ofnbsp;the strata observable at different localities, as well as the direction andnbsp;degree of the dip, etc.

The present memoir is for this reason limited to the description of fossil plants represented by a large number of specimens recently obtained atnbsp;different localities of the Dakota Group, especially in Kansas and, of course,nbsp;to the evidence derived from the character of the plants in regard to theirnbsp;origin, their relations, and their places in the history of the vegetation ofnbsp;the world.

The significance attached to the nature of these plants is well known. They pertain to an epoch in which, by the appearance of the dicotyledons,nbsp;the character of the flora of the globe has been modified as though by anbsp;new creation. The cause or reason of this marked change remains stillnbsp;unexplained, and can become known only by a mor� intimate acquaintancenbsp;with the flora of that part of the Middle Cretaceous which is generallynbsp;recognized as the Cenomanian period. This flora is known in Europe bynbsp;remains of plants found in the Quadersandstein of the Harz, and firstnbsp;described by Hampe, later by Zenker, Dunker, and Stiehler, and representing twenty-five species; then by those discovered in the Cretaceous stratanbsp;of Niedersch�na, Saxony, from which Ettingshausen has described thirtynbsp;species; then by sixteen species, described by Heer from Moletein, innbsp;Moravia; by sixteen described by the same author from Quedlinburg,nbsp;Prussian Saxony, and by seventy-five species from the Bohemian Cretaceousnbsp;described by Velenovsky. All the localities named above are far distantnbsp;from each other, but have been with more or less doubt referred to the samenbsp;horizon of the Middle Cretaceous, viz, the Cenomanian. Admitting thenbsp;correctness of the reference, we have in all about one hundred and tennbsp;species as constituting the flora of the Cenomanian of Europe. This seemsnbsp;a small number indeed, for two hundred and seventy-four species have beennbsp;described by Heer from the Cenomanian of Greeidand, to which must nownbsp;be added the plants from the Dakota Group, from which four hundred andnbsp;sixty species are known.

In my Cretaceous Flora the questions concerning the probable derivation of the numerous vegetable remains found in the shaly sandstonenbsp;of the Dakota Group, their mode of deposition, etc., have been examined.nbsp;From the facies and the peculiar distribution of the leaves, it is there

INTRODUCTION.

admitted that the vegetable remains had been derived from trees or shrubs growing in the vicinity of marshy or muddy bottoms, and that they havenbsp;been buried and fossilized at or near the place of their growth. This conclusion is based not only upon the remarkably good state of preservationnbsp;of the fossil leaves, which are generally found horizontally flattened in thenbsp;same plane or parallel to that of the deposition of the earthy matter, neithernbsp;crumpled, rolled, nor lacerated, and with their borders, often even theirnbsp;petioles attached to them, but also upon the distribution of the leaves whichnbsp;at different localities generally represent different species. Sometimes allnbsp;the leaves of a local area belong to the one species, while at a short distancenbsp;another group of leaves represent other species, genera, or even families.

These remarks have been lately fully confirmed by the discovery in Ellsworth County, Kansas, of a very large number of leaves embedded innbsp;� concretions in the same manner as remains of Carboniferous plants havenbsp;been preserved in the celebrated nodules of Mazon Ci'eek, Illinois. Morenbsp;than three thousand specimens of this kind have been collected in thatnbsp;county by Judge E. P. West, assistant of Prof F. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, and later by Mr. Charles H. Sternberg. The concretionarynbsp;specimens were found at more than twelve different localities, in groups covering limited areas, the largest tract being about 100 yards, the others notnbsp;more than 20 yards in width, altogether distributed upon a land surface ofnbsp;5 to 8 square miles. The specimens of each locality were separatelynbsp;collected and were also determined separately, and each lot was found tonbsp;be composed of leaves of from one to three species, and few of them werenbsp;represented in more than two or three localities. Thus, leaves of Sterculianbsp;were found at one locality, at another leaves of Grewiopsis; in two or threenbsp;others, mostly small leaves of Betulites were collected, and in others leavesnbsp;of Populus kansaseana, with Diospyros rotundifolia, etc. As can be seennbsp;upon the plates, the leaves forming the nucleus of the pebbles are in a perfect state of preservation, a number of them with their pedicels, Avith evennbsp;a small stipule at their base. Of course the fossilization of numerous leavesnbsp;of the same species in nodules, the distribution of different species in groupsnbsp;at various more or less distant localities, give positive evidence of theirnbsp;growth at the place, or at least quite near, where their remains have beennbsp;fossilized.

As yet the relative altitudes of the localities where the various groups of specimens have been found have not been fixed, and Ave do not knownbsp;whether the diversity of the characters of the plants might be accounted

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

for by a difference in the horizon of the strata where they have been found and therefore by a difference of age. Are there peculiar zones in the formation which might be indicated by marked characters in the vegetation Inbsp;No answer can as yet be given to the question. The concretionary specimens mentioned above have been found on the so-called highlands of Ellsworth County. But what are those highlands as compared in altitude tonbsp;the lowlands % Prof Mudge, who has closely searched for the distributionnbsp;of the remains of plants in Kansas, did not find any differences in the character of the plants that seemed to depend on the altitude of the hills. Henbsp;recognized leaves of the same species from the top to the bottom of wellsnbsp;40 feet deep. Near Salina, at a locality mentioned in Cret. FI., p. 30,1 havenbsp;found the same species of vegetable remains distributed from the base to thenbsp;top of the hills, the altitude being about 75 feet above high-water mark ofnbsp;the river. Hence, it is not possible, as yet, to consider a difference in the*nbsp;vegetation by peculiar zones like those in the Quadersandstein or Middlenbsp;Cretaceous of Europe, where the zones of the Liriodendron or those of thenbsp;Credneria are mentioned as marking the relative horizons of the strata.

The specimens of leaves or fragments of vegetation described below have been collected by Mr. Charles H. Sternberg for the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Mr. J. C. Mason for thenbsp;cabinet of Mr. K. D. Laooe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, and later by Mr.nbsp;Ambrose Wellington and Judge E. P. West for the museum of the University of Kansas. Prof F. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, has alsonbsp;furnished important assistance by the communication of a number of speci-ipens from his cabinet of all found in Kansas, and Prof N. H. Winchell,nbsp;State geologist of Minnesota, has authorized the description of a few species represented by specimens obtained by the survey of that State innbsp;the same formation. Quite recently a large collection of fossil plants ofnbsp;the Dakota Group, made in Kansas by Mr. Sternberg, has been added tonbsp;the above.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

CRYPTOGi^M!!^.

FUNGI.

Order PYRENOMYCETES.

SPHiERIA PKOBLEMAXIGA, Sp. nOV.�

PI. XXXI, Fig. 2, 2a.

One of the specimens of StercuUa Snoivii, PI. XXXI, Fig. 2, is partly covered by very distinct round or oval, even sometimes triangular dots, 0.5nbsp;to I�� in diameter. Each dot has two prominent marginal rings surrounding a small central areole (Fig. 2a, enlarged). It represents a species ofnbsp;Sphasria and greatly resembles S. Braunii Heer.^

SCLEROnUM ? SPECIES.

PI. LIX, Figs. 4, 4a.

The leaf oi MacclintocUa cretacea Heer, figured on PI. LIX, Fig. 4, shows a parasite, which is of a doubtful nature and is so obscure that it has notnbsp;been specifically named. The fragment from Kansas has a line of parasitesnbsp;which are oval, acute at the lower part, concave, with a convex point in thenbsp;middle; they are placed along the lateral nerves in a row of ten or more andnbsp;by their position only are comparable to SclevotiuM cinnaMomi Heer, FI.nbsp;Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 3, p. 12, PI. i, Fig. 2, 2b.

'This species was described but not specifically named by Prof. Lesquereux under his description of Sterculia Snowii (q. v.), where he also says of it: �Though the species can not be identified thenbsp;generic reference is evident.� In order that it may be independently referred to I have ventured to

Sph(Bria prohlematica.�F. H. K.

�FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 1, p. 14, Pi. i, Figs. 3-2e. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;22

THE PLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

FILICES, FERNS.

Family POLYPODIACE^.

Tribe PECOPTERIDE^E.

Pecopteris NEBRASKA.NA Heer.

Saporta, Pi. Foss, de S�zaune, p. 332, Pig. 8; Lesquereux, Oret. FI., p. 46, PI. xxix,

Pigs. 5, 5a.

Tribe PTERIDE^.

P�ERIS DAKOTENSIS, Sp. nOV,

PI. I, Figs. 2, 3.

Ultimate pinnae linear-lanceolate, pinnately deeply cut into oblique equal subopposite lanceolate blunt-pointed and subfalcate pinnules, connate above the base, entire, close but disconnected above; median nervenbsp;thin, distinct; secondaries opposite, 6-7 pairs, simple, curving upward innbsp;passing to the borders.

This species is comparable, at least in the form and the disposition of the pinnules, to P. Albertsii Dunk., as figured by Heer.^ It is, however,nbsp;smaller in all its parts; the pinnules are clearly disconnected from belownbsp;the middle, and the lateral veins simple.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4048 of Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s collection, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Tribe ASPLENIE^.

Asplenium Dicksonianum Heer.

PI. I, Figs. 1, la.

Heer, FI. Foss, Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 31, PI. i. Pigs. 1-5; vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 3, PI. ii. Figs. 2, 2b; p. 33, PI. xxxii. Pigs. 1-8.

�Leaves triply pinnate; rachis firm, rigid; primary and secondary pinnae lanceolate; pinnules narrowly lanceolate, the lower acute serrate,nbsp;the upper entire, acute.�

�Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 29, PI. xxviii. Pigs. 1-3.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

The above is Heer�s description. He adds: � The species is, by the finely cut leaves, closely allied to Asplenium (Adiantum) nigrum Linn., thenbsp;form with, smaller more sharply cut pinnge, which Bory has separated as A.nbsp;acutum.�

The fragment of this species here figured represents merely the upper part of two pinnae or fragments of a frond. The aspect of the plant is rigid;nbsp;the lobes.of the pinnules are narrow, all entire, sometimes short, like obtusenbsp;teeth, as in those figured in Heer�s work.^ The nerves of the leaflets arenbsp;thin, parallel, forking above, and the rachis, of which a small part is figurednbsp;enlarged. PI. I, Fig. la, is very obscurely, irregularly, and thinly lined.nbsp;The identity of the fragment can not be doubted.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 76 of the Museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington,

Tribe GLEICHENIE^.

Gleiohenia Kurriana Heer.

Flora von Moletein, p. 6, PI. ii. Figs. 1-4; Lesquereux, Cret. FL, p. 47, PI. i. Figs. 5-5c.

Gleiohenia Nordenskioldi Heer.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2 (Kreidefl.), p. 50, PI. ix. Pigs. 6-12; Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 334, PI. ii. Figs. 5-5a; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 26.

Tribe LYGODIACE^.

Lygodium trichomanoides Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 333; Cret. FL, p. 45, PL i, Pig. 2; Cret. and Tert. FL,

p. 27.

*Loo. cit., vol. 3, pt. 2, PI. I, Figs. 1, 2, 3.

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�F.

GYMNOSPERMvE.

Order CYCADACE^.

Tribe ENCEPHALARTE^.

Subtribe ZAMIEAl.

Zamites species.

PI, I, Fig. 8.

Leaf coriaceous, narrowly lanceolate-acuminate, 1�� broad in the lower part, where it appears broken, 8�� long; nerves v,ery close, parallel,nbsp;scarcely distinct.

The fragment is comparable in its form at least to the leaves of Z. Feneonis Brongn., as figured and described by Schimper,^ of which, however,nbsp;the nerves are more distinct and distant and all equal. In our leaf thenbsp;nerves are so thin and close that they can be counted only with a strongnbsp;glass and are separated at a distance of by a few more distinct ones,nbsp;though also very thin. It does not appear that these last nerves are casuallynbsp;swelled or regularly marked as primaries, separated by thinner secondaries,nbsp;as in the leaves of species of Glumacese, such as Cyperus, Phragmites, etc.nbsp;The hard texture of the leaf, which is even coriaceous, and the ver}^ thinnbsp;nervation, militate against the reference of the fragment to any glumaceousnbsp;plant.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4060 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

PODOZAMITES Haydenii Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 27.

Pterophyllum f Haydenii hesq., Hayden�s Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 334; Cret. FL, p. 49,

PI. I, Figs. 6, 6b.

PoDOZAMiTES OBLONUUS Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., j). 28, PI. i. Pigs. 10,11.

* Pal. V�g., Vol. 2, p. 152; Atlas, PI. Lxxi, Fig. 2.

DESOEIPTION OF SPECIES.

PODOZAMITES STENOPUS, 8p. nOV.

PI. I, Fig. 7.

Leaves coriaceous, with shining surface, short, somewhat enlarged below the middle, rounded at base to a thin, narrow, twisted obtuse pedicel;nbsp;nerves thick, distant 1��, curved at base in the direction of the petiole andnbsp;there dichotomous.

The fragment, nearly d*�quot; long, 17�� broad below the middle, is by its distinct and distant nerves related-to P. latipennis Heer,� which, however,nbsp;has the leaves longer and scarcely narrowed at the broad base or point ofnbsp;attachment. In form the fragment resembles P. tenuinervis Heer,^ which isnbsp;described as having the leaves large, oblong-oval, narrowed at base, nervesnbsp;close and very thin. The last character evidently distinguishes it from thenbsp;present species, which appears distinct from any other of the genus. It isnbsp;also comparable to P. Haydenn Lesq., mentioned above, which has shortnbsp;obtuse leaves that are curved and only slightly attenuated at base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 66 of the Museum of the University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector.

PODOZAMITES ANGUSTIFOLITJS (Eichw.) Scllimp.

PI. T, Fig. 4.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 36, PI. vir. Figs. 8-11; PI. vrii, Figs. 2e, 5;

Lesquereux, Oret. and Tert. FI., p. 28; Leth. Ross., vol. 2, p. 39, PI. ii, Fig. 7.

Leaves long and narrow, somewhat falcate or ensiform, linear-lanceolate, gradually slightly narrowed upward from the middle, blunt pointed or obtusely acuminate (point broken), narrowed in the same degree towardnbsp;the base and distinctly nerved; nerves prominent.

In the fragment figured, which is 9�� broad and 11'�� long, the nerves are ten in number in the middle of the leaf. Another fragment recently'nbsp;sent from Kansas, and which I refer to the same species, is only 6'�'� broad,nbsp;with twelve distinct convex nerves. The characters of these fragmentsnbsp;agree evidently with the figure of the species in Heer,� representing part ofnbsp;a leaf of the same width, with nerves at the same distance as mentionednbsp;above (1��). The other fragments figured belong to much narrower leaves.

Habitat: South of Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 24 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. (i, 2 Abth., p. 42, PI. xiv. Figs. 1-9.

^ Loc. cit., p. 44, PI. XVI, Fig. 9.

�Loc. cit., PI. VII, Fig. 5.

THE FLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

PODOZAMITBS LAKCEOLATUS (L. amp; H.) Brougn.

PL I, Figs. 5, 6.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1, PI. vii, Figs. 1-7c, d; ibid., pt. 2, p. 106, PI. xxiii. Pigs. Ic, 4a, b, c; PI. xxvi, Figs. 2-10; PL xxvii. Figs. 1-8.

Zamia lanceolata L. amp; H., Foss. FI. Gt. Brit., vol. 3, PL oxciv.

Zamites lanceolatus Morr., Ann. amp; Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1841, p. 116.

Leaves distant, entire, narrowed at base into a short pedicel; lanceolate-acuminate, or linear-oblong, obtuse; nerves 14-30, generally 20-25; dichotomous above the base, thence simple, converging at the apex.

The two fragments which we have of this species show entire agreement with the description of it given by Heer from numerous well preserved specimens. The fragment (Fig. 5) corresponds to that in Heer^ (P. lanceolatus, var. latifoliusJ, while Fig. 6 agrees with the one on the right ofnbsp;Fig. 3 of the same plate. The first fragment has twenty-six nerves; thenbsp;second, which is much the narrower, has only twenty.

Habitat: Elkhorn Creek, near Fort Harker, Kansas. Nos. 195 and 211 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Phyllites zami^foemis, sp. nov.

PL II, Fig. 7.

Leaf somewhat falcate, linear-lanceolate, deeply marked lengthwise by three strong distant strife or ribs coming nearer together toward the pointnbsp;of the leaf, the spaces between the striae being minutely lineate or nearlynbsp;smooth.

The fragment is 12'�quot; long, broken at the top and the base, 1.5�quot;^{1 2} broad in the middle and gradually narrowed upward to the apex, being 4�**quot; innbsp;diameter at the point where it is broken. It has a degree of likeness tonbsp;leaves of Zamieae, such as those of Podozamites angustifolim Eichw., but nonbsp;species of this genus has the striae so far distant and so thick. In thisnbsp;particular it resembles the fragment of a stem figured by Heer as PJquisetitesnbsp;gr(enlandicus��� from the Lower Cretaceous of Kome, but this fragment is thatnbsp;of a stem, and though the ribs are at about the same distance and of thenbsp;same character and the space is obscurely striate as described by Heer fornbsp;his species, the fragment from Kansas is really that of a leaf, as shown bynbsp;the ribs becoming gradually more approximate toward the apex. It may be

1

� Loc. cit., PI. XXVI, Fig. 6.

2

F1. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 61, PI. xiii, Fig. 10.

DESCEIPTIOlSr OF SPECIES.

compared also to Schisomtira paradoxa Schimp, et Moug. (Triassic), as figured by Heer/ a leaf which has the primary nerves or ribs much thinner thannbsp;the specimen from Kansas.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4076 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Subtribe EUENCEPHALAETEJ3.

ENCEPHALARTOS CRE�ACEUS, Sp. UOV.

PI. I, Fig. 12.

Pinnules obovate-oblong, cuneiform at the base, round-pointed (?) at apex (broken); borders spinous-dentate; nerves thick, diverging, and dichotomous near the base, becoming gradually more distant and simple' in thenbsp;upper part.

This fine leaf, of which the upper part is unhappily destroyed, so dearly resembles those figured by Saporta^ that it seems to represent the same plant.

The fragment is 9��* long, broad above the middle, has the sharply pointed teeth of the border more or less distant, entered by the points ofnbsp;the diverging nerves, which, averaging 0.5�� in thickness, become in thenbsp;upper part 1.5 to 2.5�� distant. The figures given by the author as anbsp;portion of a frond and leaves characterize, according to him, the genusnbsp;Encephalartos of the Zamiese. Schimper describes the male and femalenbsp;strobiles of the genus and says of the caudex or stem that it is mostlynbsp;subterranean, ovate-cylindrical, bearing traces of squamiform loricate leavesnbsp;with rigid, prickly leaflets, entire, spinose, dentate or lobate on the borders,nbsp;the lobes being spinous. At the present epoch the plants of this genusnbsp;inhabit the austral regions of the American continent.

The fragment figured here is not the first fossil referable to the genus of the Zamieee of our epoch. Saporta^ mentions the discovery of a largenbsp;frond of Encephalartos (K. Gorceixianus Sap.) found in the Miocene of Koumi,nbsp;Euboea, the fronds of which measure nearly one metre in length and withnbsp;leaves 10�� long. If the whole leaf of the Dakota Glroup specimen werenbsp;preserved it would be nearly of the same size. The species of Koumi is,nbsp;however, different in the borders of its leaves being entire.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 47 of the Museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

�Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 78, PI. xxx, Fig. 2.

*Pal�oiit. Fr., PI. Jurass., PI. Lxxiv, Figs. 1-3.

*Loc. oit., vol. 2, p. 337, etc.

30 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;THE FL�KA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Tribe CYCADE^.

Ctcadites pungens, sp. nov.

PL II, Fig. 6.

Frond very rigid, with a broad rachis, convex or half-round on the lower side, leaves subopposite, oblique, narrow, linear-lanceolate, sharply acuminate, disconnected at base and joining the rachis by their whole base whichnbsp;is neither enlarged nor narrowed; median nerve broad, flat, as broad as thenbsp;flat borders on both sides of it.

This fragment is related by the character of the leaves to C. Lorteti Sap.,' the first with broader, longer pinnules, the second with shorter and broadernbsp;ones, eillarged and connate at base in both species and merely acute or obtuse.

By the mode of attachment of the pinnules, which are neither narrowed nor enlarged and disjointed at base, this fragment does not agree perfectlynbsp;with the characters of the genus Cycadites which, in Saporta (loc. cit., p. 65),'nbsp;is established for plants with leaves abruptly eidarged at base and decurrent.nbsp;But the broad simple median nerve and the oblique direction of the verynbsp;rigid leaves are against the reference of this fragment to any other genus ofnbsp;the Cycadese. Moreover some of the fragments figured by Saporta (loc. cit.,nbsp;PI. Lxxxiii, Fig. 7, for example) are represented with leaflets squarely joinednbsp;at base to the rachis, as in our Fig. 6, PI. II.

Habitat: Kansas. Communicated by Mr. H. C. Towner.

Cycadeospeemum lineatum, sp. nov.

PI. I, Pig. 14.

Seed oblong-ovate, slightly falcate, rounded at the lower end, short-acuminate at the other; testa smooth, transversely liueate, the lines distant, parallel; carena clearly marked longitudinally on both sides, the inner concave, the outer rounded.

The seed, which is 1.5�� long and 7�� in diameter, is comparable to the fossil C. hettangense Sap.,^ which has also the carena marked on both sidesnbsp;but is somewhat broader and not falcate; and to C. imjjressiim Nath.,� ofnbsp;which the impression shows the same form but without trace of carena. Itnbsp;is also comparable to the seeds of the living Zamia integrifolia, especially by

'Pal�ont. Fr., PI. Jurass., vol. 2, p. 75, PI. Lxxxil, Pigs. 1-1?, and C. Delessei Sap., Ibid., p. 73, PI, LXXXIII, Figs. 5-7.

^Pal�ont. Fr., PI. Jurass., vol. 2, p. 2.3�, PI. cxvi. Pig. 6.

quot;FI. vid. Bjuf, pt. 2, PI. XVIII, Fig. 11.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

its size and shape. In the living species, however, the seed is regular, not inclined to one side, and marked by three or four very thin costae.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4077 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Cycadeospermum columnaee, sp. nov.

PI. XLIV, Figs. 7-8.

Seeds large, obovate, constricted below the middle; truncate at base, striate or costate lengthwise; striae thin, 4-5��* distant; intervals smooth;nbsp;texture hard, woody.

There are two fragments which seem to belong to two different species, one (PI. XLIV, Pig. 7) is 4�� long, 2.5�� broad at the middle, marked lengthwise by thin striae passing from the apex to the base; tlie other, more fragmentary, appears bordered and also traversed lengthwise in the middle bynbsp;thick costae. In both specimens the surface is smooth between the striae.

This organism apparently represents a kind of fruit referable to the Cycadeae. As far as I know the only fossil fragment of marked affinity tonbsp;this is that figured by Heer, FI. Foss. Helv., PI. LVI, Figs. 28, 29, whichnbsp;he there briefly describes in a note on p. 178, under the name of Laffonianbsp;helvetica, and which the aiithor considers as an egg of a shark or ray foundnbsp;in Jurassic strata. The texture of the organism figured here is apparentlynbsp;woody; its size is less than that shown in Heer�s figure, but is not largernbsp;than that of Cycadeospermum Fomelii Sap.,^ though this last differs greatlynbsp;by its exactly ovate shape and smooth and striate surface. Its referencenbsp;to the genus Cycadeospermum Sap. (Cycadinocarpus Schimp.) is howevernbsp;not positively ascertained. In the description of this genus Saporta remarksnbsp;that the fruits referable to it as fruits of Cycadem are either large or small;nbsp;that they are externally angular, smooth or longitudinally striate or costatenbsp;as in the fruit under consideration. In the Carboniferous a number of fruitsnbsp;as large as or even larger than that from Kansas, described and figurednbsp;under the generic name of Cardiocarpus,^ have such a degree of likeness tonbsp;it that one can but consider it as a vegetable organism.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 830 and 831 of the Museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

'Pal�ont. Fr., PI. Jurass., PI. cxvil, Pig. 9.

. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� Coal Flora, PI. cix. Pigs. 22-25.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order CONIFEE:^^.

Tribe ABIETINE^.

PiNUS Qtjens�edti Heer.

Kreidfl. v. Moletein, p. 13, PI. ii, Figs. 5-9; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 33, PI.

I, Figs. 3, 4.

Tribe ARAUCARIE^.

Araucaria spatulata Newb.

Notes on Ext. FI., p. 10; lllust. Cret. and Tert. PL, PI. ii. Figs. 5,5a; Lesquerenx, Cret.

and Tert. FI., p. 30.

This species is apparently identical with Abietites curvifolius Dunk., Pflanzen aus dera Quadersandstein von Blaukenbui'g, Palaeontogr., vol. iv, p.nbsp;180, PI. XXXIII, Fig. 1.

Braohyphtllum crassum, sp. nov.

PI. II, Fig. 5.

Thuites crasstis Lesq., Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 32.

Branches robust, irregularly pinnately ramose and ramulose ; branch-lets oblique, either parallel and of the same size or variable in form, length, and position; cylindrical, obtuse; leaves very close, imbricating, enlargednbsp;at base, rhomboidal, thick, coriaceous, inflated or glandulose at the apex.

The specimen represents an impression exactly copied, where the lower })art of the imbricated leaves remain, of course covered and invisible.nbsp;This species is comparable to B. Moreauanum Brongn., as represented innbsp;Saporta�s Plantes Jurassiques,^ differing essentially in the leaves being morenbsp;equal and more distinctly rhomboidally inflated at the apex.

Habitat: Salina, Kansas. No. 345 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Dammarites caudatus Lesq.

PI. I. Figs. 9, 10.

Podozamites caudatus Lesq. and P. prcelongus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 29.

Leaves thick, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded and gradually narrowed in passing downward to a short and narrow pedicel,

ivol. 3, p. 341, PI. CLXVI, Fig. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

inflated at tlie point of attachment, taper-pointed or long-acuminate ; nerves parallel, thin, numerous, coming close together and dichotomous near thenbsp;base.

Nothing similar to these leaves has been published in fossil plants, and indeed no living plants are comparable to them, except the large leaves ofnbsp;some.species of Dammara; those, for example, of D. rohusta Moore, from Australia, which are Id'�quot; long, d-�quot;� broad in the middle, and resemble in theirnbsp;form Fig. 10 of our plate. This leaf does not appear narrowed above intonbsp;a long acumen like that of Fig. 9, which may represent a diflerent species,nbsp;as its base is not quite as narrow or visibly inflated.

Tlie nervation of these fossil leaves is the same as that of D. Tobusta, and in Fig. 10 the leaves are narrowed in the same manner as in the livingnbsp;plant to a short petiole, which is a little enlarged at the inflated point ofnbsp;attachment. The nerves of Igt;. rohusia number 7-8 in of diametralnbsp;space, or a little more than 0.5�� distant. In the fossil leaf they are 1-2��nbsp;apart, rarely less.

In both fossil and living leaves the nervation is more or less effaced by compression of the thick coriaceous substance. The relation of thesenbsp;leaves to the genus Dammara is confirmed by the discovery of two speciesnbsp;of fruits of this kind described by Heer from the Cretaceous of Creenland,nbsp;-D. borealis and D. microlepis}

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1178 of the National Museum. Fig. 10 is No. 200 of the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoologynbsp;of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Dammaeites bmaeginatus Lesq.

PI. I, Fig. 11.

Podozamites emarginatus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 29.

Leaves very thick, half tubulose or very concave on the lower side, entire on the border, linear-oblong, rounded and emarginate at the apex,nbsp;narrowed from the middle downward to a flat, short, broad pedicel. Nervesnbsp;parallel, close but distinct, 1�� distant, converging near the upper bordernbsp;toward the apex of the leaf and at the base to the petiole, and there dichotomous.

No form has been found to which it is possible to refer this leaf, which is beautifully preserved and seems by its nervation and its short flat petiolenbsp;to be referable to Dammara.

gt;F1. Foss. Arot., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 54, PI. xxxvu, Fig. 5; p. 55, PI. XL, Fig. 5, MON XVII-3

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

Habitat: Seven miles north of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 511 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Tribe TAXE^E.

Phyllocladus sitbintegkifolius Lesq.

PI. II, Figs. 1, 2, 3.

Cret. FL, p. 54, PI. i, Fig. 12. Thinnfeldia Lesquereuxiana Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abtb., p. 37, PI. XLiv, Figs. 9,10; PI. XLVi, Figs..l-12.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong, tapering downward to a short petiole, obtuse at apex, obtusely dentate above; midrib narrow, half round, slightly defined in the small leaves, distinct up to near the apex in the larger ones,nbsp;and of the same thickness as the petiole; lateral nerves close, more distinct,nbsp;of equal size and equidistant in the small leaves, irregular in size and distance in the larger, here and there inflated and more prominent; angle ofnbsp;divergence 20�.

The leaves, as far as I have seen them, vary from 3�� to 12*�� in length, and from to 3�� in width in the middle or above, being there either undulate or obtusely dentate; the lateral nerves are obscurely defined, and arenbsp;either simple or forking at a very acute angle of divergence, the divisionsnbsp;reaching the borders.

The genus Thinnfeldia Ett., to which Heer has referred leaves of apparently the same kind as the one described in Cret. FI. (loc. cit.), isnbsp;characterized by its author as follows: �Fronds pinnatifid; pinnae ornbsp;leaflets oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, decurrent, confluent, coriaceous ; primary nerves vanishing below the apex, divided into dichotomousnbsp;nervilles, all the branches reaching the borders.� Schimper remarks on thenbsp;genus that the likeness of the fronds and leafy branches to those of the genusnbsp;Phyllocladus has induced Ettingshausen to place these plants with thenbsp;conifers. On the other hand Schenk considers them as Cycadeae, while F.nbsp;Braun has referred them to the ferns. This last o]ninon is admitted bynbsp;Schimper, and judging from the species which I have been able to seenbsp;figured {TJiinnfehUa rhomhoidalis Ett.,^ T.saUgna Schenk,^ T. rotundata Nath.,�nbsp;T. NordensM�ldi Nath.��) this opinion is evidently authorized. For in allnbsp;these species the leaflets are decurrent or confluent, the median nerve isnbsp;either in distinct or not seen at all, the lateral ones diverging at a far morenbsp;open angle of divergence, distinctly forking once or twice. Nothing like

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

that is seen in the leaflets of the genus Phyllocladus, in which the leaves are directly attached by a short petiole to round branches and are allnbsp;gradually attenuated or cuneiform at the base, not decurring, and of whichnbsp;the lateral nerves, at a more acute angle of divergence, are mostly equal,nbsp;simple, or forking once, irregularly inflated, directly passing from the mediannbsp;nerve to the borders. Comparing the leaves figured on PI. II with those ofnbsp;the living species of Phyllocladus, especially of P. rliomboidalis Rich., ofnbsp;Tasmania, the accordance of the characters is evident, the only differencenbsp;between the fossil and the living leaves being in the crenate borders ofnbsp;those of the last species.

It may be that the leaves described and figured by Heer (loc. cit.) do not represent the same species as those of the Dakota Hroup. All those ofnbsp;Heer are entire ; one deeply lobed or lacerate at apex; two of them lanceolate, acute or acuminate; all of smaller size and the median nerve scarcelynbsp;marked, even toward the base, while the lateral ones are distinct, not inflated;nbsp;characters at variance with those of the leaves figured as above. Part of anbsp;branch is represented by Heer,^ which in the mode of attachment of thenbsp;leaves has some likeness to Thinnfeldia NordensM�ldi. But all the leavesnbsp;are narrowed at base to a short petiole and not decurrent, similar in thisnbsp;last character to those of Phyllocladus, and differing by the same from thenbsp;genus Thinnfeldia.

Habitat: Found in many specimens in red shale ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4064 of .the collection of R. D. Lacoe, of Pitts-ton, Pennsylvania.

Tribe TAXODIE^.

Sequoia Reichenbachi Gein.

PI. II, Fig. 4.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, p. 83, PL xniir. Figs. Id, 2b, 5a; vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 77, PL xii. Figs. 7c-d; PL xx. Figs. 1-8; p. 101, PL xxviii. Fig. 2; PL xxxiv, Fig. 1;nbsp;Lesquereux, Gret. FL, p. 51, PL i. Figs. lO-lOb, cone.

Aeaucarites Reichenbachi Gein.

Charakt. sachs.-b�hm. Kreidegeb., p. 98, PI. xxiv, Fig. .4.

Branches thick, covered entirely by the leaves ; branchlets alternate, long; leaves decurrent, open, falcate-incurved, linear-subulate, acuminatenbsp;at apex, simple-nerved, solid; strobiles narrowly oval, about 1 inch innbsp;diameter ; scales peltate, rhomboidal.

'Loc. cit., PI. XLVT, Fig, 11,

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Ill my Cret. FI. (loc. cit.) I have described and figured as referable to this species an isolated cone with its scales and seeds. Prof. Heer has contradicted this reference, therefore the fragment of a branchlet figured herenbsp;is the first evidence observed in the Dakota Group of a species whichnbsp;has been found widely represented in the Lower and Middle Cretaceousnbsp;of Greenland and of Europe. The identity of this fragment is sufficientlynbsp;shown by the character of the leaves and their scars upon the branches,nbsp;especially resembling Figs. 8, 8a, PI. xx, and Fig. la, PI. xxxiv of Heer�snbsp;�FI. Foss. Arct., loc. cit.

Habitat: Seven miles south of Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 690 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Sequoia fastigiata Heer.

Hayden�s Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 335, PI. in, Figs. 2, 8, 8a; Oret. and Tert. FL, p. 31.

Sequoia condita Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 335, PI. iv, Figs. 5-7; Gret. and Tert. FL, p. 32, PI. i.

Figs. 5-7,9.

Glyptostrobus geacillimus Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 337; Oret. and Tert. FL, p. 32, PL i. Figs. 6, 6b; Cret.

FI., p. 52, PL I, Figs. 8,11.

Tribe CUPRESSINE^.

Inolepis species Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 337, PL iv, Fig. 8; Gret. and Tert. FI., p. 33, PL iv, Figs.

8, 8c.

CONIFERS OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITIES.

Abietites Ernestinje Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 49, PL i, Fig. 7,

Sequoia Formosa Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 50, PL i. Figs. 9, 9b.

Geinitzia Heer, sp.

Cret. FL, p. 54.

Ptenostrobus-neerascensis Lesq.

Oret. FL, p. 114, PL xxiv, Fig. 1.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Order GRAMINE^.

Tribe FESTUCEyE.

Subtribe AEUNDINEJ3.

Phkagmitbs cretaceus Lesq.

PL II, Fig. 8.

Equisetum nodosum Lesq., Oret. and Terfc. PL, p. 25.

Part of rhizoma; branch irregular in thickness, partly linear and nodose; articulate at unequal distances, articulations more or less inflated, marked bynbsp;I'ound small scars of radicles.

As this is merely a fragment of a rhizoma related to Phragmites by its unequally distant irregular articulations, marked on the upper and lowernbsp;side by round scars of radicles, it is not possible to define its species. For thenbsp;generic relation it is not only comparable but really very similar to P. mnin-gensis Al. Br., as figured by Heer,^ especially in the irregular length of thenbsp;nodes, which are somewnat inflated below the line of articulation. In thisnbsp;branch the scars of rootlets are very irregular in position, some being above,nbsp;some below the articulations, exactly as they are represented in size andnbsp;position in Heer (loc. cit.. Fig. 5a).

This fragment was at first considered as part of a rhizoma of Equisetum; kut its analogy is more marked with Phragmites, a genus which is alreadynbsp;represented in the Dakota Gimip by fragments of leaves and sterns;^ hencenbsp;its reference to the same species, though hypothetical, seems to be authorized.

Habitat: Seven miles northeast of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 473 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Order ALISMACE^.

Tribe ALISME^.

Alismacites DAKOTENSIS, sp. nov.

PL II, Fig. 10.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, long-petioled, elliptical, acuminate; median nerve strong; secondaries, two pairs, inequidistant, curving up and tendingnbsp;to the apex at a very acute angle of divergence; simple.

iPl. Tert. Helv., vol. 1, PI. xxii, Figs. 5a, 5b.

�Cret. PI., p. 55, PI. i, Figs. 13,14; PI. xxix, Fig. 7.

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

The substance of the leaf was apparently thick but soft, as the surface is covered by a granulose matter resulting from the decomposition of thenbsp;epidermis and rendering the tertiary nervation totally obsolete. The petiolenbsp;is nearly long, the median nerve thick, and the secondaries, two pairs,nbsp;simple, inequidistant, the lowest vein on the left side being basilar, tliin,nbsp;short, curving close to the borders, the upper emerging a little above thenbsp;base and passing nearly straight up to the apex, while on the right side thenbsp;lower secondary is supra basilar, nearly opposite to the upper one of thenbsp;left side, curving in ascending, anastomosing in the upper part of the leafnbsp;with the upper secondary, which comes out from the midrib above thenbsp;middle of the leaf and is aerodrome. The leaf is regularly elliptical,nbsp;acuminate, and nearly long and 3�� broad at the middle, with its shortnbsp;acumen, which was originally constricted or pinched, split by compression.

As indicated by its form, the nervation and the long petiole, the leaf is evidently that of a monocotyledonous plant. But for the absence of thenbsp;tertiaries at right angles to the midrib it would be referred to the g'^nusnbsp;Alisma. Saporta^ has described without figures as Alismacites lancifolius,nbsp;a leaf which seems to be closely related to this one. It is petioled, lanceolate, triuerved, the lateral nerves cuiwed, tending toward the apex withnbsp;secondaries or nervilles transversely ramose, scarcely visible. The authornbsp;remarks that the leaf is of uncertain affinity, reproducing the type of manynbsp;species of Alisma.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 758 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Order ARACEiE.

Tribe COLOCASIOIDE^.

Subtribe SPATHICAEPEA3.

Akis.�ma oretacea, sp. nov.

PI. XLVI, Fig. 1.

Organism apparently cylindrical in its original state, enlarged upward, of membranous texture, striate lengthwise; striae parallel, close, straight,nbsp;rigid and distinct in tlie middle of the cylinder, diverging; curved outsidenbsp;and flexuous toward the borders.

� �tudes, vol. 1, p. 75.

DBSCEIPTI�K OP SPECIES.

The specimen represents a cylindrical ovate spathe of a monocotyle-donous plant like an Arissema. It may be compared by its form and size to Ottclia parisiensis, figured by Saporta in his Monde des Plantes, p. 227.nbsp;The borders of the specimen seem to have been compressed and the nervation deformed. It is rather a spike, however, than a pericarp.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2710 of the U. S. National Museum Catalogue.

Order PALMjK.

Flabellaria? minima Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 34; Cret. FI., p. 56, PI. xsx. Fig. 12.

Order LILIACEAii.

� Tribe SMILACE-^�.

Smilax undulata, sp. nov.

PI. XLVI, Fig. 2.

Leaf membranous, thin but hard, ovate, acuminate, rounded at base in narrowing to the midrib, which it joins in decurring to it, entire, three-nerved, midrib narrow, straight; lateral nerves emerging from the base,nbsp;ascending midway between the borders and the midrib, undulate, aerodrome.

The tertiary nerves, or nervilles, are very distinct and strong, passing obliquely upward from the midrib to the lateral nerves, then in the samenbsp;direction from the lateral nerves to near the borders where they curve innbsp;oblong areoles, traversed by branches at right angles or in an oblique direction, forming an elongated, very loose areolation, most like that of somenbsp;water plants (the Alismacese, for example), or like that of some fossil leavesnbsp;referred to Smilax, such as 8. Haidingeri Ung. (Sylloge, pt. 1, p. 7, PI. i. Fig.nbsp;11); 8. Tarigonii Gaudin (Contrib. FI. Foss. Ital., 2d Memoir, p. 59, PI. x.nbsp;Fig. .5).

The leaf is about 7�� long, 5�� broad at the middle. Except that it is not cordate, it much resembles, especially by its nervation, 8. suhhispidanbsp;Muhl.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2730 of the U. S. National Museum Catalogue.

THE FLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Smilax gbaxdifolia-ceetaoea, sp. nov.

PI. XLVI, Fig. 3.

Leaf large, coriaceous, entire, hastate-cordate or subauriculate at base, acuminate, five-nerved from the base, the two external nerves short, arcuate,nbsp;the inner much longer, subacrodrome, -vanishing below the apex, branchingnbsp;outside, the branches arched, of varying length, simple or forking; secondaries few, at right angles to the midrib; areolation obsolete.

The leaf is partly destroyed on one side, yet has its essential character clearly preserved. Its length is O'*�, its width in the lower part, wherenbsp;apparently it had its widest diameter; the border, gradually rounding, descends a little lower than the base of the midrib, and then tending upwardnbsp;from a broad sinus or short broad auricles.

Tlie leaf is related to Smilacites grandifolia Ung.,^ a leaf deeply sagitate-cordate at base, eleven-nerved. Still more intimately related to the same species is Smilax grandifolia Heer, as figured by Ettingshausen,^ two leavesnbsp;still larger than that from Kansas, five-nerved, the lateral nerves disposednbsp;and branching as seen in our figure, the base of the leaves broadly roundednbsp;and forming as in our species, a broad narrow sinus between the basilarnbsp;borders.

Though the upper part of the leaf figured in the Flora v. Bilin is destroyed, the fragment indicates for the whole a foi�m similar to that ofnbsp;our plate. The leaves of the species illustrated in Heer�s FI. Tert. Helv.nbsp;(vol. 1, PI. XXX, Fig. 8), are much smaller, and the borders are less prolongednbsp;downward, so that the base of the leaf is rounded truncate. Consideringnbsp;the remarkable likeness of the leaf of S. grandifolia to those described in thenbsp;Bilin Flora, and the great variety of characters as represented in the figuresnbsp;by various authors, it would seem reasonable to admit the leaf of the Dakotanbsp;group as representing the same species as that of the Miocene of Europe.

It is to be remarked that the four leaves of Smilax grandifolia figured in Unger�s Sylloge (pt. 1, PI. ii. Figs. 5-8), are seven-nerved; one (Fig. 7)nbsp;is five-nerved. Hence, the difference in the form of tlie leaves and thenbsp;number of nerves is of no importance, or at least is not specific. HeeF represents the species by a fine, entire, smaller leaf with five nerves, the lowestnbsp;short, ascending to the middle; the median long, aerodrome; the other characters are also the same as in the leaf from Kansas.

Habitat: Kansas.

'Chlor. Protog., p. 139, PI. XL, Fig. 3.

� Flora YOU Bilin, p. 104, PI. vi. Figs. 15, 1C.

3 FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 2, pt. 4, PI. xlv, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

Order DIOSCOREACEJE.

Dioscorea ? CRETACEA Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 56, PI. xxviii, Pig. 10; Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 34.

Order BROMELIACE^.

Tribe BROMELIE^.

Bromelia? tenuipolia, sp. nov.

PI. I, Fig. 13.

Leaves apparently long, linear, very gradually narrowed upward, distantly spinous, short-dentate; nerves parallel, thin, close, equal and equidistant.

The generic reference of such a small fragment of leaf as that figured is of course uncertain. Some palms of the genera Acrocomia Mart., Astro-caryum Meyer, etc., have their fronds covered with spines and the leavesnbsp;also sometimes bordered with spinous teeth; but these are longer, morenbsp;numerous, and irregularly placed. The leaves also of some species ofnbsp;Pandanus (P. ornatus, for example) are spinous on the borders, but they allnbsp;have a distinct midrib, and thus it seems that the fragment from Kansas isnbsp;referable to the Bromeliacese, having a degree of likeness to the leaves ofnbsp;Bonapartea, cultivated in the gardens, and also in the fossil species Bromelianbsp;Gaudini, Heer,^ which may serve as a point of comparison, although thenbsp;leaves are comparatively narrower, the nervation obsolete, and the 'spinesnbsp;of the borders much longer and generally at right angles.

The fragment is 6.5¹quot;quot; long, 2.5¹�� broad, marked by 40 parallel nerves, 15 or 16 in a diameter of I�quot;', all equal in size and distance. As in tlie leafnbsp;of Encephalartos the nerves nearest to the borders enter them and passnbsp;out, forming short acute teeth or spines turned upward.

Habitat: Ellswortli County, Kansas. No. 46 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

1

P1. Tert. Helv., vol. 1, p. 107, PI. xlix and l.

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

DICOTYLEDONES.

Order SALICINf:^.

PopuLUS Berggreni Heer.

PI. VIII, Figs. 2-4.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 106, PI. xxix, Figs. 1-5; vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 63, PI. XVII, Fig. 8a; PI. xviii, Figs. l-4a,b, 9a, 10a; PI. xix. Fig. la; PI. XL, Fig.nbsp;7a; Pi. XLi, Pig. 1; PI. XLV, Fig. 12.

Leaves siibcoriaceous, ova], equally narrowed upward to a blunt apex, and downward to a long petiole, entire; median nerve strong; secondariesnbsp;thin; slightly curved in passing toward tlie borders, camptodrome.

The species, which is common in the Cretaceous of Glreenland, has been recently found in a few specimens in the Dakota Group. The leaves varynbsp;much in size. We have seen them from 5��to 8�� long and 2�� to broad.nbsp;The secondaries, traversing the blade at an angle of 35�-50�, are distantnbsp;and parallel, those of lowest pair opposite, supra-basilar, having generallynbsp;a thin marginal nerve underneath. The petiole, preserved entire in Fig. 2,nbsp;is 2.5'�� long, somewhat thicker at the base.

The three leaves figured here correspond in their characters to those represented by Heer, our Fig. 2 being essentially similar to that in Heer;^nbsp;Fig. 3 allied in the same degree to that of Fig. 2a of the same plate, andnbsp;Fig. 4 to that of his Fig. 5. The form of the leaves is as variable as thenbsp;size. �

Habitat: The two leaves. Figs. 2 and 3, have been found in Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 62 of tlie museum of the University of Kansas;nbsp;A. Wellington, collector. Fig. 4 is from a specimen sent from Minnesotanbsp;by Prof. N. H. Winchell.

POPULUS KANSASEANA, Sp. nOV.

PI. XVII, Figs. 1-7.

Leaves small, with a slender petiole, elliptical-ovate, lanceolate acuminate or pointed, narrowing or rounding to the petiole but not decurring to it, entire ; primary nerve thin; secondaries numerous, 6-8 pairs, the lowernbsp;opposite, supra-basilar, with a thin, basilar nerville underneath, curved in thenbsp;upper part, camptodrome, anastomosing along the borders in a single seriesnbsp;of areoles.

�Loc. cit., vol. ii, PI. XXIX, Fig. 4.

DBSCEIPTION OP SPECIES.

These leaves are generally small, being 2.5�� to 6�� long, 1.5�� to 3�� broad at the middle, with a slender, long petiole which is generally broken.nbsp;I�he secondaries, at an angle of divergence of 45 � variable in distance, morenbsp;or less ramose, are often separated by thinner, shorter, parallel tertiariesnbsp;and crossed by nervilles at right angles forming large meshes.

By their form and size they are closely similar to the small leaves of P. mutabilis Heer, a common and very variable species of the Europeannbsp;Miocene; they are, however, generally narrower, longer acuminate andnbsp;always quite entire. They have been abundantly found mixed with thosenbsp;of Diospyros rotimdifolia (Figs. 8-11 of the same plate) with which they havenbsp;a degree of resemblance, differing, however, always by the thinner texturenbsp;and the pointed or acuminate apex.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas, in nodules. Nos. 411, 416, 471, 473, 480, 481, of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected bynbsp;E. P, West.

PopuLUS HYPERBOREA Heer.

P], III, Pigs. 9-11; PI. VIII, Pig. 1; PI. XLVII, Pig. 5.

Heer, PI. Poss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 106, PI. xxix. Figs. 6-9; PI. xxvil. Pig. 8d; PI.

XXX, Pig. 2b; vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 64, PI. xvii. Pigs. 6, 7; PI. xxi. Pig. la.

0

Leaves coriaceous, ovate or broadly oval, entire, obtuse, rounded at base to a long petiole or slightly curved downward in reaching it; mediannbsp;nerve strong; secondaries distant and ramose, camptodrome.

All the leaves seen from this species from the Dakota Group are about of the same size, that is 4�� to 7�� long, 5�� to 6�� broad at the middle, withnbsp;a strong petiole 6�� long. It is the same with the leaves figured by Heer,nbsp;except one,^ which does not seem to be referable to the species. They arenbsp;also identical in the other characters except that the leaves from Greenland have the basilar border rounded to the petiole, as in PI. Ill, Fig. 11, andnbsp;PI. VIII, Fig. 1, not at all narrowing at base, as in Figs. 9 and 10 of PI. III.nbsp;The difference is, however, of no specific value. The nervation is morenbsp;distinctly marked in the leaves from Kansas, which are also better preserved..

The lower secondaries are supra-basilar, but have generally under them quite near the base a thin pair of nervilles which follow close to the borders,nbsp;anastomosing with them; the upper ones are variable in distance, divergingnbsp;30�-40� from the midrib, little curved in traversing the blade, arched alongnbsp;the borders which they follow, anastomosing in simple, large areoles. The

�Loc. cit., PI. XXIX, Fig. 7.

THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

areas are traversed by very thin nervilles, which are oblique or at right angles to the secondaries.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 604, 754, 860 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West. Fig. 1, PI. IX, from ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas, is No.nbsp;59 of Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s collection.

POPULUS HARKBUIANA, Sp. nOV.

PI. XLVI, Fig. 4.

Leaf coriaceous, large, cordiform, obtusely short-acuminate, rounded at base to the petiole, entire; nervation palmately ternate from the base ofnbsp;the leaf; midrib stout, enlarged gradually from the middle to the base;nbsp;lateral primaries curving inward in ascending to above the middle, wherenbsp;they unite with the lowest secondaries, which are far distant above.

This fine leaf is 9.5¹^� long, 9�� broad at the middle, the more enlarged part, and has a long, thick petiole, a part of which, 3¹quot;� long, is preserved.nbsp;Its form is comparable to that of P. Gaudini Fischer-Ooster, as figured bynbsp;1 leer,^ but the nervation is of a different type, evidently of that of P. arctica,nbsp;as will be seen in comparing some of the figures of this last species in Heer,nbsp;FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, PI. iv.

Habitat; Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2723 of the U. S. National Museum.

PopuLus STYGiA Heer.

PI. Ill, Pig. 12.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 107, PI. xxix. Fig. 10; vol. 6, abth. 2, p. 64, PI.

XVII, Fig. 5; PI. XVIII, Figs. 5-8; PI. xxxix. Fig. 5.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, distinctly cordate, obtuse at apex; primary nerves strong; secondaries ramose, the two or three lowest pairs generallynbsp;nearer to each other, camptodrome, following the borders in areoles.

As seen from the specimens figured by Heer, the leaves are greatly variable in size, ranging from 3�� to 7'¹� in length, generally as broad as long.nbsp;As yet we have from the Dakota Group only a fragmentary leaf of thisnbsp;species, which is about 4.5�� in length and width. It has, however, the characters indicated by Heer clearly marked, viz, its cordate base, obtuse apex,nbsp;and camptodrome nervation. Heer compares his species to Poptdites lan-castriensis Lesq.,^ remarking that the basal border of the leaf is not turned

1

P1. Text. Helv., vol. 2, PI. lxiv.

^Cret. FI., p. 58, PI. iii. Fig. I.

DESOEIPTION OF SPECIES.

down to the petiole as in the leaf from Kansas, an error rectified by the specimens of FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, where especially Figs. 7 and 8 of PI.nbsp;XVIII have that basilar curve well defined. The real difference between thenbsp;two species is in the small size and obtuse apex of the leaves of P. stygia,nbsp;while those of Populites lancastriensis are apparently lanceolate, pointednbsp;(the upper part is destroyed), and especially in the real camptodrome nervation, the secondaries forming a series of areoles in following the bordersnbsp;inP. stygia, while in Populites lancastriensis the secondaries either reach thenbsp;borders by their extremities or are effaced toward the borders and not curvednbsp;in areoles.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 567 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

POPULUS ELLIPTICA Newb.

Later Ext. FI., p. 16; Illustr. Cret. aud Tert. PI., PI. iii, Figs. 1 aud 2.

POPULUS MICROPHYLLA Newb.

Later Ext. FI., p. 17; Illustr. Oret. and Tert. PL, PI. in. Fig. 5.

POPULUS ? OORDIFOLIA, Mewb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 18; Illustr. Cert, and Tert. PL, PL iii. Fig. 7.

Populites Sternbergii, sp. nov.

PL VII, Figs. 8, 9.

Leaf subcoriaceous, broadly ovate, pointed, much enlarged above the base, rounded to the petiole, entire or slightly undulate; primary nervenbsp;thick and straight to the apex; secondaries distant, parallel, forking nearnbsp;the border, curved upward in passing to the borders, subcamptodrome;nbsp;nervilles simple, distant, at right angles to the secondaries, percurrent.

Tliese two leaves are apparently referable to the same species, although differing in some parts. In Fig. 8 the secondaries and their branches arenbsp;ttiore distinctly craspedodrome, and their disposition less regular. The thicknbsp;Median nerve is also in this leaf disproportionate to the very thin, sharplynbsp;Marked secondaries, which are alternate or parallel, inequidistant, at annbsp;^bgle of divergence of 60�, all arched upward in traversing the lamina,nbsp;Simply forking near the borders, the lower of the secondaries on one sidenbsp;^eing arched downward, contrary to the upward curves of the others. In

9 the median nerve is not as thick; the secondaries are equidistant, stronger, and evidently camptodrome, curving quite nea,r the borders, thenbsp;W6st pair being very thin and marginal.

THE PLOEA OP THE DAKOTA OEOUP.

In the numerous specimens of the leaves of Populites of the Dakota Group, some of which may be referable to other generic divisions, therenbsp;is a more or less marked difference in the secondary nervation, which sometimes appears camptodrorne by the thinning of the nerves quite near thenbsp;borders, and sometimes is distinctly craspedodrome, the borders being entire,nbsp;undulate or denticulate by the outside projection of the nerves. These formnbsp;a peculiar group, comprising Populites cyclopliyllus Heer, P. litigiosus Heernbsp;Lesq., P. elegans Lesq., P. lancastriensis Lesq., Populus f cordifolia Newb.,nbsp;and the Populites Sternhergii, now described.

The leaves of this group, like those of some others of the Cretaceous, seem to represent by gradual modifications intermediate forms, whose specific reference remains uncertain or difficult to fix.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles south of Glascoe, Kansas. Nos. 422 and 426 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Populites litioiosus (Heer) Lesq.

PI. VII, Pig. 7; PI. VIII, Pig. 5; PL XLVI, Pig. 6; PI. XLVII, Pig. 1.

Populus litigiosa Heer, Phyll. Gr�t. du X�br., p. 13, PI. i. Pig. 2; Newberry, Illustr.

Cret. and Tert. PL, PL iii. Pig. 6; PL ii. Pig. 1 �, Schimper, Pal. V�g., vol. 2, p. 691.

Leaves rounded, entire at the truncate or broadly cuneate base; lateral nerves in four pairs, the basilar opposite, the upper alternate distant; ner-villes curved, continuous or divided.

The species is really little known, though often quoted. The above description is that of Heer, made from a mere fragment of a single leaf, of which the base and the median part only are preserved, the borders all aroundnbsp;and the upper part being destroyed. Fig. 5 of our PL VIII agrees with whatnbsp;is seen of the leaf represented by Heer, and with his description, exceptnbsp;tliat the number of the lateral nerves is greater, being six instead of four,nbsp;with still one pair of basilar veinlets following close to the borders, and annbsp;intermediate nerve on one side included in the space between the base ofnbsp;the lowest lateral nerves and that of the leaf. But this leaf is much largernbsp;than that figured by Heer. The lateral nerves are all parallel, distant,nbsp;straight, thinning toward the borders, ramose and craspedodrome, as well asnbsp;their divisions, the borders being either entire or somewhat undulate. In Fig.nbsp;7, PI. VII, the lower lateral nerves are not opposite, and the space betweennbsp;their point of attachment and the base of the leaf is much narrower. Withnbsp;the smaller size of the leaf it is the only point of difference between this and

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

� ig- 5, and as the basilar pair of nerves close to the borders is present, the identity of these leaves may be admitted.

There is the same degree of difference between the two leaves referred to this species here and in the illustrations of Dr. Newberry. One (PI. in,nbsp;Tig. 6) is larger; the lower pair of secondaries is at a distance from the basenbsp;of the leaves; the lower secondaries are opposite, and there is still on onenbsp;side a short thinner basilar nerve, while in the leaf of PI. ii, Fig. 1, whichnbsp;IS smaller, the lowest lateral nerves join the midrib quite near the basalnbsp;border of the leaf, and there is no basilar nerve underneath. In this leaf,nbsp;moreover, the borders are entire and the nerves camptodrome, while in thenbsp;other the upper border of the leaf appears crenulate, and the nerves reachnbsp;the borders as craspedodrome. From this it appears that, with a slightnbsp;modification, Heer�s description of the species is exact, the difference beingnbsp;merely the result of varieties in the different leaves. Schimper says, however, in his description of these leaves, that they are coarsely dentate abovenbsp;(superne grosse dentatis), which is apparently a mistake. I have seen, however, more recently, a number of leaves with dentate borders (not coarselynbsp;dentate) having the same kind of nervation as the leaves figured in ournbsp;Pis. VII and VIII, and also the same size and form.

They appear to constitute a variety of the species, as Populus litigiosa var. denticulata. But this does not prove that the leaf described by Heer asnbsp;7 � litigiosa nor those referred to it by Dr. Newberry and by myself pertainnbsp;really to Populus, the nervation being generally craspedodrome and pin-

natifid.

Habitat: Commonly found in the Dakota Group of Kansas and Nebraska.' No. 4050; from Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas, and No.nbsp;4138, from ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas, of Mr. R. D. Lacoe�snbsp;collection. Fig. pp LIX, from Fort Harker, Kansas, is No. 2770 of thenbsp;U. S. National Museum.

POPULITES EUEGANS Lesq.

PI. XLVI, Fig. �; PI. XLVII, Figs. 2, 3.

Pret. FL, p. 69, PI. m, Fig, 3.

, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;description of the species as it has been established in Cret. FI.

th*^b nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^�^mpleted by the addition of the word dentate to the character of

^ m ordei s, which indeed are as often dentate or undulate as entire. I have ^ so to lemark that the areolation of the leaves referable to this speciesnbsp;appeals more distinctly marked and that the leaves qi Foj^ulus litigiosa Heer

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

are as often dentate or undulate as those of F. elegans. It seems, therefore, that the more distinct areolation is the essential character that we have tonbsp;separate these species by. But it might be supposed that the difference isnbsp;due only to the preserved face of the specimen; the areolation being generallynbsp;more distinct upon the lower surface of the leaves of l^opulus. In this case Inbsp;have considered as an important character the position of the lower secondaries, which in the leaves of P. elegans are basilar or nearly so, and morenbsp;irregularly disposed, while as seen in Fig. 3 of the species they are supra-basilar borders of the leaf. This character may not be persistent or specificnbsp;and the variety in the nervation of these leaves, which have now beennbsp;studied in great numbers, is so great that this separation can not be admittednbsp;without doubt. We have, however, not sufficient authority of the real character of P. litigiosa in the description and figure of Heer (Phyll. Cr�t. dunbsp;N�braska, PI. i. Fig. 2), the only specimen seen by the author being a fragment of a leaf with the lower pair of secondaries suprabasilar, and a marginal pair of veinlets underneath just as seen in our Fig. 2, the borders ofnbsp;the leaf being destroyed above the base.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2760 of the U. S. National Museum.

POPULITBS LANCASTKIENSIS Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 58, PI. iii, Fig. 1.

POPULITBS OYOLOPHYLLUS (Heer) Lesq.

Oret. FI., p. 59, PI. iv, Fig. 5.

Popufus cyelophylla Heer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Vol. 10,1858', i). 266.

Salix Haybi, sp. nov.

PI. Ill, Fig. 7.

Leaves coriaceous, small, entire, oblong, blunt-pointed, cuneate in narrowing at base to a short petiole; primary nerve thick, secondaries at an open angle of divergence, close, numerous, anastomosing along the bordersnbsp;in festoons.

A small leaf, remarkable by its coriaceous texture, the close, parallel secondaries deeply marked, 10-11 pairs on a leaf, 4.5�� long, 2-5�� broad, atnbsp;an angle of divergence of 50�; petiole short, 6�� long; nervilles distinct, atnbsp;right angles to the secondaries, forming by subdivisions an irregular polygonal reticulation.

The nearest relative I know to this fine leaf is Salix abbreviata Gr�pp.^

*Tert. FI. von Schossnitz, p. 24, PI. xvii, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

It has also a degree of affinity to S. Baana Heer/ differing by the more coriaceous texture, the secondaries at a more open angle of divergence, thenbsp;areolatiou irregularly polygonal, etc.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 788 ot the collection of die museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Salix deleta, sp. nov.

PI. Ill, Fig. 8.

Leaves suhcoriaceous, subfalcate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a blunt apex, rapidly narrowed and cuneiform to the slightly inequilateral base,nbsp;entire, penniiierved; median nerve percurrent, deeply marked but comparatively narrow; secondaries numerous, subopposite, parallel, distinctly cainp-todronie, curving in bows along the borders, separated by tliinner tertiaiies.

The lateral nerves, which are all at the same angle of divergence of 50�, are not more than 5�� distant at tiie base,-most of them separated bynbsp;an intermediate tertiary nerve vanishing above the middle in anastomosingnbsp;with the secondaries, or traversed at right angles by uervilles forming anbsp;large quadrangular areolatiou.

The appearance of the leaf is rather like that of a Ficus. The nervation, however, refers it to Salix, it being a peculiar species to which none ot the willow leaves of more recent formations have airy recognized affinity.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4096 of Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s collection.

Salix nebvillosa Heer.

Pliyll. Cr�t. du N�braska, p. 15, PI. i, Fig. 3.

Salix pbote^polia Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. J�l., p. 42, PI. l, Pigs. 14-16; PI. XVI, Fig. 3; Oret. FI., p. 60, PI. V,

Figs. 1-4.

There are so many of these leaves, and they show, taken altogether, differences which, although too feeble to be considered as specific, may benbsp;placed under the following varieties:

Salix pro�ej�folia var. lineakipolia Lesq.

PI. LXIV, Figs. 1-3.

Leaves long, narrow, linear, surface smooth; texture somewhat thick; secondaries not visible; midrib narrow. There are ten specimens fromnbsp;Ellsworth Comity, Kansas, in Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s cabinet (Nos. 436-445).

13.

MON XVII-

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Salix prote^folia var. plexuosa Lesq. PL LXIV, Figs. 4, 5.

Leaves narrow and linear, flexuous or curved-falcate to one side ; midrib slightly stronger than in the preceding variety, texture and size about the same. These leaves are similar to the two figured on PI. Ill, Figs. 3nbsp;and 4, which I have described as a variety of Myrica longa.

The figure of Salix flextiosa Newberry, in Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. I, Fig. 4, represents this form. There are seven specimens (Nos. 446-452) trom Ellsworth County, Kansas, in Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s cabinet.

Salix peote^polia var. lajnoeolata Lesq.

PI. LXIV, Figs. 6-8.

Leaves shorter and somewhat broader, gradually narrowed to the apex, and more rapidly to the base, where they join a broad, short petiole; mediannbsp;nerve as in the preceding variety; secondaries obsolete, texture of the leafnbsp;the same. This form answers to the two leaves of Salix cuneata figured bynbsp;Newberry.^ There are twenty-two specimens (Nos. 453-474) all from Ellsworth County, Kansas, in Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s cabinet. One specimen hasnbsp;the secondaries distinct, like that of Salix protemfolia Lesq.;^ but this leafnbsp;is short, linear-lanceolate, agreeing in form with the var. flexmsa. It isnbsp;specimen No. 446 (our Fig. 4) of Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s collection.

Salix peote.efolia var. longifolia Lesq.

PI. LXIV, Fig. 9.

A large, long leaf with cuneate base narrowed to a long acute tip (broken); midrib thick; secondaries prominent, subopposite; texture as innbsp;the other forms. One specimen from Ellsworth County, Kansas, (No. 475)nbsp;in Mr. R. D. Lacoe�s cabinet.

Salix Meekii Newb.

Later Ext. FI., p. 19; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL i. Fig. 1.

Salix cuneata Xewb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 21; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL i. Figs. 2,3.

Salix plexuosa Xewb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 21; Illustr, Cret. and Tert, PL, PL i. Pig. 4.

' Loo. oit., Pl. I, Pigs. 2 and 3a.

? Cret. and Tert. PL, PI. i, Fig. 15,

DESCEIP�ION OF SPECIES.

Fruiting catkin of Salix.

PI. VIII, Fig. 6.

Salix species, a fruiting catkin, with small, somewhat distant pedicellate, cylindrical-ovate, pointed ovaries. This catkin is very similar to those of a number of living species of willows, especially to those of S. fragilisnbsp;L- Among fossil organs of this kind it is comparable to Salix volkananbsp;Ludw.^ It may be referable to 8. protecefolia Lesq., the only species abundantly distributed in the Dakota Group.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4062 of Mr.

D. Lacoe�s collection.

Order CUPULIFER^.

Tribe aUERCINE..�.

FAGUS POLYCLADA Lesq.

Oret. FI,, p. 67, PI. v, Fig. 6; Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, vol. 46, 1868, p. 95.

Fagus cbetacea Newb.

Later Ext. FI., p. 23; Illustr. Oret. and Tert. PI., PI. h, Fig- 3.

Fagus obbioulatum, sp. nov.

PI. XLVII, Fig. 6.

Leaves small, rounded in the upper part, broadly cuneate to the base, entire; midrib strong and straight, percurrent; secondaries simple, equidistant, straight, craspedodrome; nervilles thin, simple, distant, at right anglesnbsp;to the secondaries.

The leaf is remarkable by its simplicity and the regular disposition of all its parts. It measures vertically 4.5-=� and is of a nearly orbicular form,nbsp;being only somewhat narrowed near the base. The secbndaries (sevennbsp;pairs), diverging from the midrib at an angle of 50�, pass straight up tonbsp;the borders, being perfectly simple, parallel and craspedodrome; the tertia-ries are also simple and very thin and are somewhat distant and at lightnbsp;angles to the secondaries, the areolation or their subdivisions being obsolete.

Except for the regular, nearly round form of this leaf, there is nothing in its appreciable character which indicates a deviation from the normalnbsp;characters of the leaves of Fagus. The nervilles are somewhat more distantnbsp;and the borders more perfectly entire than we see them in living species of

�Foss.Pfl. derRhein.-Wett. Teit.FoTm., 'm Palaeontogr.,voL8,1S59, p. 93,PI. xx�vu, Fig. 13,13a,b,c,

THE PLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

the genus. But the same appearances are observable in the leaves of Fagm deiicalionis Ung., the distance of the uervilles and size of the leaves beingnbsp;nearly the same as represented in Heer'�; also in F. Antipofii Abich, thenbsp;leaves of which are figured with the borders perfectly entire,� as well as innbsp;F. cordifolia Heer,� which was apparently originally subcoriaceous, seems tonbsp;have been heavily compressed, and therefore looks thin, especially alongnbsp;the borders.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 224 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Quekcus strsPBCTA, sp. nov.

PI. XLVII, Fig. 7; PI. XLVIII, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves large, coriaceous, broadly oval or nearly round, narrowed toward the base, undulate or obtusely dentate on the borders, obtuse ornbsp;emarginate at apex; median nerve stout; secondaries strong, oblique, equidistant, simple or branching in the upper part, effaced before reaching thenbsp;borders, craspedodrome.

The leaves are large, to 13�� in length, 6�� to 9�� in width, narrowing toward the petiole, with six to eight pairs of alternate secondaries, the lowest supra-basilar, all parallel, passing toward the borders at an anglenbsp;of divergence of 40� to 50�, becoming thick from the middle downward,nbsp;gradually thinning toward the borders, some of them branching.

The smaller one (Pig. 7, PI- XLVH) is more distinctly, obtusely, and equally dentate; the secondaries, simple on one side, branch on the other,nbsp;and are of the same character as those of Fig. 1, PI. XLVIII, which is large,nbsp;nearly entire or with undulate borders.

These leaves may be compared in size, form, and nervation to Q. Wilmsii and Q. latissima Hos.,^ two species of doubtful relation, and also to Q. Feloesinbsp;Heer.� But tlie points of affinity do not sufficiently sustain the reference ofnbsp;these leaves to Quercus.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 217 and 226 of Mr. R D. Lacoe�s collection. Fig. 2 of PI. LX, from near Fort Harker, Kansas, isnbsp;No. 2757 of the U. S. National Museum catalogue.

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 73, PI. xv, Fig. 6.

Fl. Foss. Arot. vol. 5, pt. 3, PI. vi, Fig. 8; Pl.vil, Fig. 5.

^Loc. cit., vol. 7, PI. xcii, Fig. 1.

quot;'Diootyl. der Westfal. Kreideformation, p. 95, PI. xii, Figs. 3-6, and p, 97, PI. xin. Fig. 11.

^Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. 56, PI. Lxxvm, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OE SPECIES. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;53

Quebous spubio-ilex, sp. nov.i PI. XLVIII, Fig. 3.

Leaves small, coriaceous, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly pointed, truncate at base, dentate-spinose all around; midrib straight, rigid; secondaries open, more or less ramose or forking above, all the divisions entering the teeth, craspedodrome.

The leaf is similar in its form, the dentation of the borders, and the nervation to that of Q. ilex L., as represented by Schenk in Zittel�s Hand-buch der Paliiontologie,^ and it is also comparable to some of the forms ofnbsp;tbe leaves of Q. chrysophylla Kellogg and Q. agrifolia Nee, both living speciesnbsp;nf California, and both species with leaves extremely variable in size andnbsp;form like Q. ilex.

The leaf is about 3.5�� long and 2�' broad, and has seven pairs of secondaries at an open angle of divergence of from 50� to 60�; is dentate with nneqnal, sharply acuminate or acute, open teeth, which are nearly 3�� long,nbsp;separated by obtuse sinuses.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4032 of the oollection of Mr. R D. Lacoe.

Querous Wabdiana, sp. nov.

PI. VII, Fig. 1.

Leaf large, coriaceous, polished on the surface, entire or undulate, even obscurely distantly dentate, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, gradually narrowednbsp;to the base; median nerve half round, comparatively naiTow, of equalnbsp;nckness in its whole length, rigid; lateral nerves alternate, close, nearly atnbsp;right angles towards the base, gradually more distant upward and at a broadnbsp;angle of divergence of 60�-70� above the middle, subcraspedodrome.

This fine leaf is about 17�� long (the apex being broken), obtuse, 8.5�� load m the upper part, gradually narrowed from below the middle to thenbsp;point of attachment, apparently a short petiole, which is broken. The uppernbsp;secondaries are at an equal distance, parallel, strong, but the lower ones,

or seven pairs, are thinner, less distant, gradually shorter and more open, nearly at right angles.

anted it nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;named Quercus pseudo-ilex, sp. nov., by Prof. Lesqnereux, but as this name is

it become ^ Qnercus pseudo-ilex of Kovats (Fossile Flora v. Erdob�nye, 1856, p. 22, PI. n, Fig. 6) inii-iliAU .f 1nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;change it. I have called it q, spurio-ilex with a view to still preserving its

imphed relatmn to the living q. Ua*.-P. H. K.

II Abth., 5 Lief.,p. 436, Figs. 6-8.

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Although strong, the upper secondaries cui�ve before reaching the borders and enter them either by their ends or by subdivisions of theirnbsp;branches.

The species is distantly related to Quercus (BryophyUuni) suheretaceum (Sap.) Lesq.,* which has, however, the leaves narrow, dentate or crenatenbsp;and the nervation camptodiY)me.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 4204 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Quekcus alnoides, sp. nov.

PI. VII, Fig. 3.

Leaf coriaceous, obovate (broken at apex), entire or slightly flexuous along the borders, cuneate at base; secondaries inequidistant, more approximate towards the base, thick, mostly simple, camptodrome, the basilar pairnbsp;marginal and very thin; nervilles distinct, at right angles to the secondaries,nbsp;percurrent, simple or forking, and anastomosing in the middle.

Though the specimen represents only the lower part of a leaf, the characters noted above are cleaidy marked. The fragment indicates a leafnbsp;gem iq yem and 4.5�� broad at or near the middle. The secondaries havenbsp;an angle of divergence of about 50�, some of them close together, othersnbsp;1�� apart, separated by an intermediate tertiary, much thinner and shorternbsp;than the secondaries, and flexuous.

Species comparable to Alnites pseudinmna Gr�pp.,^ a leaf which, however, has the borders obscurely dentate. It is still more closely related to Quercusnbsp;Deloesi Heer.� A point of comparison is found also in Q. advena Sap.,^ anbsp;Tertiary species.

The reference of this leaf to Quercus has been questioned, but none other proposed. Considering the form of the leaf and its nervation thenbsp;relation seems clearly marked with the diving Q. Chamjnoni Benth., annbsp;example of which is figured by Schenk, Handbuch der Palseont., ii Abth.,nbsp;5 Lief., p. 436, Figs. 4, 5.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 429 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

' Fl. Foss. S�xanne, PI. v, Figs. 1-3.

^Tertiiirfl. Scblesieiis, Palaeontogr., vol. 2, 1852, p. 272, PI. i. Figs. 5a, b.

^Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. .56, PI. Lxxvrir, Figs. 6, 7, 14.

��Anil. Sci. Nat., Bot., 5quot;'� s�r., vol. 8, 1867, p. 67, PI. v, Pig. 6.

UESCKIPTION OP SPECIES.

Queecus glascoena, sp. nov. PI. VI, Pig. 6.

Leaves subcoriaceous or membranous, with polished surface, ovate, obtuse, broadly cuneate to, the petiole; borders entire, slightly undulate,nbsp;median nerve thick; secondaries thin, few, five to six pairs, parallel, the lowernbsp;ones opposite; nervilles oblique, thin, straight, simple, and percurrent.

The leaf is 6.5 cm long, broken or erased at the apex and thus apparently obtuse, nearly 5�� broad below the middle ; the secondaries thin, at an anglenbsp;of 40� to 50�, are somewhat flexuous or slightly curved upward in traversingnbsp;the lamina, mostly simple, craspedodrome, or the upper ones apparentlynbsp;camptodrome, the lowest pair suprabasilar; nervilles very thin, oblique tonbsp;the nerves. The petiole is strong like the median nerve, broken 6�� belownbsp;the base of the leaf.

The leaf has, by its mixed nervation and undulate borders, the appearance of Hamamelites fathergilloides Sap.,^ from which it differs by its form, its nearly entire borders and the wider divergence of the secondaries. Itnbsp;has a greater degree of affinity to Quercus Largiiensis Sap.,^ not only by itsnbsp;similar form but by the character of the uei�vation, the secondaiies beingnbsp;equally distant, camptodrome or craspedodrome and the nervilles obliquenbsp;to the secondaries.

Habitat; Seven miles northeast of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 482 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

QUBEOXJS �LLSWOETHIANA Lesq.

Cret. PI., p. 65, PI. VI, Fig. 7,

QUBECUS Moeeisoniana Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 40, PI. xvii. Figs. 1, 2.

Queecxjs salicifolia Newb.

Later Ext. FI., p. 24, Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL n, Fig. 1.

QUEEOUS CUNEA�A Newb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 25.�

*F1. Foss. S�zanne, p. 393, PI. xi, Pig. 3.

�Etudes, vol. 3, p. 67, PI. v, Pig. 1.

= Quercua antiqua and Q. sinuata Newb. (Later Ext. FI,, pp. 26, 27), from the lower Cretaceous sandstone, banks of Rio Dolores, southern Utah, are omitted here, as the geological stage ot thenbsp;ormation ia not identified with that oi the Dakota group.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GRO�P.

Querctjs pobanoides Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 66, PI. xxx, Fig. 9.

Quebcus (Dbyophyllum) pbimobdialis Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 64, PI. v. Fig. 7.

Quebcus (Dbyophyllum) dakotensis Lesq.

PI. VII, Pig. 4.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 39.

Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate-lance'olate, narrowed in an outside curve to the base, less abruptly attenuated to an acute or blunt apex (not distinct),nbsp;entire toward the base, regularly dentate from the middle upward, shortnbsp;pedicellate; median nerve narrow, straight; secondaries thin, nearlynbsp;straight, simple or divided into two or tliree branches, craspedodrome. Itnbsp;is closely allied to the preceding species.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 62 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massacliusetts.

Quebcus hexagona Lesq.

PI. VII, Fig. 5.

Cret. PL, p. 64, PL V, Fig. 8.

Leaf rhomboidal-ovate, narrowed to a point from above the middle, tapering downward, cuneate at base, irregulai�ly dentate above, nervationnbsp;pinnate, simple, craspedodrome.

The leaf figured here is somewhat smaller than that described in the Cretaceous Flora. It has, however, the same characters. The basilar secondaries follow quite near the borders and parallel to them, entering into verynbsp;short, slightly marked teeth, while the upper ones are alternate and pass tonbsp;stronger acute teeth, that of the tliird pair being the largest of all in bothnbsp;specimens. To the first description of the species nothing lias to be addednbsp;but this, that the secondaries are not always simple, but sometimes oncenbsp;branching.

Tlie relation of this species to Q. Osbornii, remarked in Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 39, is not well defined. It is more distinctly marked with Q. troglo-dites Heer^ of the Middle Cretaceous or Senonian of Atanekerdluk, a speciesnbsp;which appears nearly identical, ditfering merely by shorter, more obtuse

� Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abtli , PI. xxix, Fig. 14.

DESCEIPTION OP SPECIES.

teeth and the absence of a basilar marginal veinlet, which is well marked in both specimens of the Dakota Group.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4017 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

QUERCUS (DryophYllum) ILosiana, sp. nov.

PI. Ill, Fig. 14.

Leaf coriaceous, small, ovate or short ovate-lanceolate, pointed, rounded and narrowed at base, somewliat inequilateral, unequally dentate-repand onnbsp;the borders, entire toward the base; primary nerve strong; secondaries,nbsp;of whicli tliere are six pairs, at an angle of divergence of 50� to G0�, archednbsp;in passing toward the borders, subcraspedodroine or entering the teeth bynbsp;short branches of the secondaries.

This leaf is like the upper part of some of the numerous leaves of Q. wcstfalica, figured in Hosius, FI. Westfal. Kreidef, p. 161, Pis. xxixand xxx,nbsp;the only difference being in the very reduced length of the leaf, which,nbsp;with that exception, has all the characters described by the author. As seennbsp;in the figure, the secondaries pass under the teeth and are camptodrome,nbsp;while their branches enter them. This character is essentially considerednbsp;by Saporta as proper to the subdivision Dryophyllum of the genus Quercus.

Habitat: Probably ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4152a of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Querous (Dryophyllum) rhamnoides, sp. nov.

PI. XL VIII, Fig. 4.

Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rounded in narrowing to the base, blunt or obtuse at apex; borders entire or slightly undulate; midribnbsp;comparatively narrow, straight, half round; secondaries numerous, parallelnbsp;and equidistant, a little curved in passing toward the borders, camptodrome,nbsp;incumbent in festoons quite near the borders; tertiaries strong, at right anglesnbsp;01 slightly oblique to the secondaries, numerous, rarely simple, mostlynbsp;forking at the middle, composing by subdivisions an irregular, small, quadrate areolation.

1 he leaves representing the species are somewhat lacerated, the best pieserved being 7'�� long, 4�' broad at the middle, and has sixteen pairs ofnbsp;nariow, thin secondaries, deeply marked, mostly simple, diverging from thenbsp;ffiif lib at an angle of 40�, united by nervilles close and at right angles,

'I he species has a near affinity of character to Dryophyllum Eodrys,

THE PL�liA OF THE DAKOTA OEOUF.

represented by Fig. 19, in Debey, Feuilles querciformes, from which it merely differs in its slightly greater breadth and less distant secondaries.nbsp;It has also a marked degree of relation, especially in the form of the leafnbsp;and the nervation, to Quercm nevadensis Lesq.^ or to Dryophylkm aqiiamaruninbsp;Ward.^

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 219 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Quercus (Dryophyllum) hieracifolia (Deb.) Hos. amp; v. d. Marck.

PL III, Fig. 15.

Hos. amp; V. d. Marck, FI. d. Westf. Oret. Form., p. 166, PI. xxxi, Figs. 85-88; Heer FI.

Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 68, PI. xxv. Pigs. 2b, c, 4.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, narrowed to the rounded base, sparingly sinuate-dentate, primary nerve thick; secondaries at an acute angle ofnbsp;divergence.

This leaf, though fragmentary, well represents the species as figured by Heer (loc. cit.), being especially like his Fig. 2c. The teeth ai�e shorter,nbsp;more obtuse, and more oblique than in the figures given by Hosius, but thenbsp;nervation is identical; the simple secondaries curve in traversing the bladenbsp;at an angle of divergence of 45� to 50�, reaching the teeth by their extremities. The areolation is obsolete.

Habitat: Pillsworth County, Kansas. No. 726 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Quercus (Dryophyllum) latifolia Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. FI., p. 37, PI. iv. Figs. 1, 2.

Quercus (Dryophyllum) Holmesii Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. FI., p. 38, PI. iv, Fig. 8.

Galla quercina, sp. nov.

PI. VII, Fig. 2.

Globular; surface smooth, polished; point of attachment transversely oval, small, wrinkled around, ^t right angles to the point.

These organisms appear to represent oak galls, being in their characters and appearance different from the round, ferraginous concretions found innbsp;some localities of the Dakota Group, which are always rough on the sur-

�Foss. Plants of the Anriferons Gravel, p. .5, PI. il, Pigs. 3 and 4.

* Types of the Laramie Flora, p. 20, PI. x. Figs. 2 and 3.

DESCEIPTIOK OP SPECIES.

face. These galis, of which there are four specimens, vary in size from that of a pea to that of a large walnut; they are all perfectly globular, verynbsp;smooth, shining, of black color, easily detached from the coarse, red matternbsp;which contains them, and marked with a smooth cicatrice like the point ofnbsp;attachment and a few irregular, round perforations like those made uponnbsp;oak galls by the egress of the insects.

Habitat: Found all together at the same locality, Ellsworth County, Kansas; A. Wellington, collector. No. 5 of the collection of the museumnbsp;of the University of Kansas.

Tribe BETULE^^E. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

Alnites gbandifolius Eewb,

Later Ext. FI., p. 9; Illust. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL IV, Pig. 2.

Betula Beatbiciana Lesq.

PL III, Pig. 16.

Cret. PL, p. 61, PL V, Fig. 5; PI. XXX, Fig. 4.

A fragment, the upper part of a leaf, apparently referable to this species, which as yet is not sufficiently known.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 518 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

BETELITES Heer.

This generic division has been already used by Heer for the description of two fragmentary leaves of the Dakota Glroup {Betulitcs denticulatus Heei,nbsp;Phyll. Cr�t. du N�br., p. 15, PI. iv. Figs. 5, 6). I refer to it now a largenbsp;number of leaves, remarkably well preserved in ferruginous concretions,nbsp;mostly obtained by Judge West in the Dakota Group of Kansas. All thesenbsp;leaves show, far more distinctly than those described by Heer, a relation tonbsp;Betula.

First. By the form and size of the leaves, which are ovate, blunt-pointed or oblong-obtuse, round, reniform, truncate, subcordate or broadly cuneatenbsp;at the entire marginal base, which terminates in the lowest teeth of thenbsp;borders; all forms identical with those of the leaves of the common B. nigra L.

Second. By the nervation, which is regularly pinnate, the median nerve straight and narrow, the secondaries oblique, equidistant and parallel,nbsp;passing straight to the borders, cxaspedodrome, the lowest pairs generally

THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

supra-basilar and opposite, ramose on the lower side, with nervilles distinct and at riglit angles.

Third. By the denticulation of the borders, being much like that of the species of Betula or of Alnus, the teeth being more or less distinct, sometimesnbsp;marked by mere points on the border at the extremities of the secondariesnbsp;and of their divisions entering them.

Fourth. By the long, slender petiole of the leaves.

Of course there are some points of difference which may be remarked in examining separately some of the leaves; but none affecting them innbsp;their general, and therefore their generic, character.

There is even between these leaves such a degree of affinity that their separation into species is extremely difficult. They look as if they hadnbsp;been derived from a single tree or from a group of low bushes of the samenbsp;species, of which, as is tlie case with plants of our time, some differencesnbsp;are remai�ked in leaves separately examined and compared. The petiole ofnbsp;these leaves bears at its base a small, bifid stipule, with lanceolate, pointednbsp;lobes. This organism, however, is rarely preserved.

The task of studying these leaves, represented by hundreds of specimens, has been hard, indeed, but at the same time pleasant and instructive. For it has been rarely possible as yet to obtain in a fossil state such anbsp;number of perfectly preserved fossil leaves, which, like these, may benbsp;studied as easily as those of plants in the herbarium or even as if they werenbsp;still in process of growth, and thus afford clear evidence of the multiplenbsp;modifications which, in geological times, may have affected the plants of thenbsp;same species. It is admissible that if these leaves had been discoverednbsp;separately at divers times and at divers localities they might have beennbsp;referred by authors to a number of species. In the present case it isnbsp;scarcely possible to doubt their relation to a single species. Nevertheless,nbsp;in order to remark on some appreciable differences in their characters Inbsp;liave described them here under the name of Bekilites Westii and subdividednbsp;the species into a number of varieties.

Betulttbs Westii, sp. nov.

PL IV, Pigs. 1-22; PI. V, Pigs. 5-14.

Leaves of small size, long-petioled, subcoriaceous, ovate-oblong, obtuse or blunt at apex, truncate, subcordate or broadly wedge-form at thenbsp;entire base; borders subentire or more or less distinctly denticulate ; nervation pinnate, craspedodrome ; primary,nerves straight, narrow-; second-

DESOEIPTIOK OF SPECIES.

. aries 6-10 pairs, oblique, parallel, equidistant, the lower opposite and suprabasilar; nervilles distinct at right angles; petiole slender, 10-18��nbsp;long, stiprdate at base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. All the specimens numbered below belong to the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E.nbsp;P. West.

1. Betulites Westii var. subintegbifolius.^

PI. IV, Figs. 1-4.

Leaves broadly ovate or oval, obtuse ; truncate or subcordate at base ; borders nearly entire, minutely punctulate by the points of the extremitiesnbsp;of the secondaries entering the borders; secondaries distant, six pairs at annbsp;open angle of divergence of 45� to 50�. Nos. 302, 313, 375, and 378 ofnbsp;the collection.

2. Betulites Westii var. obtusus.

PI. IV, Figs. 5-8.

Leaves oblong-oval, rounded at apex, subtruncate at base; minutely denticulate; secondaries of the same character as in the preceding. Nos.nbsp;235, 241, 260, and 263 of the collection.

3. Betulites Westii var. latifolius.

PI. IV, Figs. 9-11.

Leaves larger, 4-6�� long, ovate, blunt-pointed, distinctly denticulate, subtruncate at base. Nos. 268, 269, and 276 of the collection.

4. Betulites Westii var. rotundatus.nbsp;PL IV, Figs. 12-16.

Leaves small, 1.5�� to 3�� in diameter both ways, or sometimes slightly broader than long, minutely denticulate. Nos. 246, 344, 351, 380, and 397nbsp;of the collection

5. Betulites Westii var. oblongus.

PI. IV, Pigs. 17-19.

Leaves small, of same size as in the preceding variety, oblong-ovate, obtuse, subtruncate at base, denticulate. Nos. 281, 296, and 328 of thenbsp;collection.

^�'squereux gave all the varieties of this species the feminine termination (suhintegrifolia, �..rin,� ^ ' treating of Betula. I have taken the liberty to change this to the masculine form to agreenbsp;with Betulites.�P,- H. K.

THE ELOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

6. Bexulites Westii var. in^quilaxeralis.

PL V, Figs. 10-13.

Leaves very small, more enlarged on one side, oblong, rounded at apex, distinctly denticulate. Nos. 355, 366, 391, and 403 of the collection.

7. Bexulixes Wesxii var. mulxinervis.

PI. IV, Figs. 20-22.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, obtuse at apex; truncate or broadly cuneate at base; secondaries eight to ten pairs, borders distinctly denticulate.nbsp;Nos. 273, 291, and 396 of the collection.

8. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bexulixes Wesxii var. ouneaxus.

P1.' Y, Fig. 8.

Leaves rounded above, cuneiform at the base; secondaries at a more acute angle of divergence (35�), borders denticulate. No. 318 of the collection.

9. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bexulixes Wesxii var. keniformis.

PI. V, Fig. 5.

Leaves enlarged in the middle, round above, cordate at base, reniform; borders denticulate. No. 345 of the collection.

10. Bexulixes Wesxii var. khomboidalis.

PI. V, Figs. 6, 7.

Leaves large, rhomboidal in outline, blunt-pointed, broadly cuneate to the long petiole. Nos. 301 and 304 of the collection.

11. Bexulixes Wesxii var. quabraxifolius.

PI. V, Fig. 9.

Leaf 4�� long, 4.5�� broad, truncate at base and apex, lateral borders nearly parallel; secondaries, five pairs, subopposite, distant, teeth distant,nbsp;more sharply marked.

-The specimen bears near the base of the petiole a bunch of small pedi-celed seeds like those of a Carex. No. 246 of the collection.

12. Bexulixes Wesxii var. lanceolaxus.

PI. V, Pig. 14.

Leaves lanceolate, pointed, rounded at base, denticulate: secondaries at an angle of divergence of 30� to 40�. The lower slightly curved back innbsp;traversing the blade; ramose.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

The nervation of this leaf is of course modified according to its shape, but is not specifically distinct. No. 474 of the collection.

13. Bbtulites Westii var. crassxjs.

PI. V, Figs. 15-17.

Leaves coriaceous, of various forms, round, obtuse or deltoid, acute, cuneate or truncate at base ; nervation thick; secondaries simple or ramose;nbsp;borders distinctly, even sharply, denticulate.

Although these leaves, which have been obtained from another locality, differ especially in form and could thus be referred to three different species,nbsp;yet the analogy remarked between all those described as B. Westii showsnbsp;that they have in their characters such differences only as can be considerednbsp;varietal. The coriaceous substance of these three leaves and the thicknbsp;uervation might, however, be regarded as constituting specific differences.nbsp;Nos. N, K, B.

14. Betulites Westii var. populoides.

The form of the leaf is like that of a Populus, being truncate or sub-cordate at base, much enlarged in the lower part, where it becomes rounded and tapers rapidly to the apex. The nervation is that of Betulites Westii var.nbsp;subintegrifolius, but the lowest pair of secondaries is basilar, the others parallel, all running straight to the borders, which they enter craspedodrome,nbsp;being mostly simple, except the lowest pair. The leaf is an impression ofnbsp;the upper surface and is somewhat obscure.

15. Betulites Westii, var. gkewiopsideus.

. PI. LXIV, Fig. 10.

�

A fine, small round leaf with the nervation of Grewiopsis orUculata Sap.^ The teeth of the border are somewhat longer and more distinct thannbsp;the leaf from Kansas. As the same character of nervation is observablenbsp;upon some of the leaves which I have referred to Betulites, and as thenbsp;petiole, which is rigid, 1.5' � long, bears at its base a short-pointed stipule

1 e that described in leaves of Betulites, the reference to this genus is authorized.

P Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1205 of the collection of Mr, 14. Lacoe.

�Fl. Foss. S�zanne, p. 41X, Pl. xi, Fig. 12,

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

BetuLiITBS Snowii, sp. nov.

PI. V, Figs. 1-4.

Leaves larger, subcoriaceous, long-petioled, rhomboidal-ovate in outline, pointed at apex, broadly cuiieate at base, deeply, sharply, unequally dentate;nbsp;secondaries oblique, straight, or the lowest pairs slightly curved backward.

These beautiful leaves, still of the same type as those of the preceding species, differ really not only in their larger size and the greater length otnbsp;the petiole, but in the mode of the divisions of the borders, which are cutnbsp;into unequal, longer, more acute teeth, separated by deeper, half-roundnbsp;sinuses. The petiole, as seen in PI. V, Fig. 1, is slender, 6�quot;� long, and thenbsp;leaf 10'�� long and broad. In the specimens sent for examination by thenbsp;Museum of the University of Kansas a number of leaves of the same size,nbsp;form, and characters have been observed.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 593, 771, 346 and 290 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Bettjlites populipolius, sp. uov.

PI. VI, Pigs. 1, 2.

Leaves large, coriaceous, long-petioled, cordate or ovate in outline, pointed at apex, truncate at base and deflexed to the petiole, regularlynbsp;denticulate; secondaries deep and strong, parallel and equidistant, thenbsp;lowest pair opposite and ramose.

One of the leaves, which is 7�� long and as broad below the middle, has a petiole 5.5�� long; the other is small, rather ovate, inequilateral, butnbsp;appears identical, especially on account of the thickness of the secondaries.nbsp;But both are really of the same type and have the essential characters ofnbsp;those described under the name of Betulites Westii. The appearance is,nbsp;however, far different. The texture is thicker, the nervation stronger, andnbsp;the border teeth are all equal and equidistant. By the divisions of thenbsp;borders the leaves are related to species of Grewiopsis, especially to G.nbsp;Hayilenn Lesq.,^ and also to a peculiar form of Platanus Neivherriana Heer.nbsp;Fig. 2 is even like other forms of Betulites. Its shape as well as its nervation is remarkably similar to that of Betula vetusta HeeU of the Patoot Flora.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 6 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

' Cret. FI., p. 97, PI. ill, Figs. 2, 4; PI. xxiv, Fig. 3.

�F1. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, Pi. Lix, Pig. 6.

�ri. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, PI. lv, Figs. 7,7a.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES.

Betulitbs r�gosxjs, sp. nov.

PI. VI, Figs, 3-5.

Leaves ovate, truncate at base, round-pointed at apex, denticulate on the borders, rugose on the surface from the close, thick nervilles.

This form, which answers to the variety oblongiis of S. Westii, differs from it in the distinctly more deeply denticulate borders and the coarsenbsp;surface of the leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 69 and 69a of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Betulites denticulatus Heer.

Phyll. Cr�t, du N�br., p, 15, PI. IV, Figs. 5, 6.

Stipules of Betulites,

PI. Y, Fig. 18.

Stipules of small size, formed by the enlarging base of the petiole, rarely found attached to it, appearing, when separate, as minute leaflets cutnbsp;from the middle into two pointed, obliquely diverging, acute lobes, whichnbsp;are cuneate at the truncate base.

As the fragments of the small organisms described above were discovered at the same locality where the leaves of Betulites were most abundant,

I fancied that in their size and form they had some afiamp;nity to the trilobate, obtuse bracts of flowers of Betula, admitting this as a kind of presumptivenbsp;evidence of the relation of the leaves to the Betulaceaj. Just now, andnbsp;when ready to deliver the manuscript to the printer, I have received, throughnbsp;the kindness of Prof. F. H. Snow, a specimen of a fine leaf of Betulites withnbsp;the petiole entirely preserved, enlarging at its base into a stipule (PL V,nbsp;Pig. 18) like those described above, which had all been found sepaiate fromnbsp;their support. In the form and mode of attachment to the enlarging basenbsp;of the petiole these appendages are indeed in their characters similai to thenbsp;stipules of the leaves of some species of Viburnum; for instance, V. lantan-oides Michx. This fact, in opposition to the reference I have proposed fornbsp;the vegetable remains described above, is on the other hand in harmony withnbsp;the opinion of the Marquis de Saporta, who writes that he is disposed tonbsp;refer to Viburnum a number of leaves of the same kind sent him by Prof.nbsp;F- H. Snow. As he says, he has figured and described the leaves for a new

MON XVII-5

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

work soon to be published, in wliicli certainly the definite determination of these plants and the affinities of their characters will be satisfactorily discussed.

PHYLLITES BETUL.EEOLTUS Losq.

Oret. FL, p. 112, PI. xxviii, Figs. 4-7.

Order MYRICACEiE.

Mykica aspeka, sp. nov. PI. II, Fig 11.

Leaves coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate; narrow, cuneiform and entire at base, crenulate-dentate above; median nerve thick; secondaries strong, curved in traversing the blade, simple or forking at the apex;nbsp;surface rough.

Two specimens represent the species. The best preserved and largest leaf figured is 8.5�� long, and 2�� broad. The nervation appears mixed,nbsp;camptodrome and craspedodrome.

The species is related to M. thulensis Heerb two small fragments of leaves with separate seeds doubtfully referred to the species and comparablenbsp;also to M. cretacea Heer from Quedlinburg. Its more marked affinity tonbsp;living plants is with M. cerifera L., allied as it is to it by form of leaves andnbsp;nervation.

Habitat; Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4094a of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Myrioa Schimpeei, sp. nov. PI. II, Fig. 12.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, linear-oblong, obtuse, gradually narrowed to a short petiole and slightly decurrent at base ; median nerve strong,nbsp;percurrent; secondaries thin, camptodrome.

The leaf, 8�� long with its petiole less than 1�� long, is 17�� broad above the middle and has a surface quite smooth and with the thin secondaries curved upward, of varying length, all opposite, diverging 35� to 40�nbsp;from the median nerve. It has the same kind of nervation as M. emarginata,nbsp;described below, and might be referred to this species but for the obtuse

� Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 107, PI. xxxi, Fig. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

apex of the leaf. The secondaries are thin, opposite, and at the same relative distance.

Habitat; Four miles southwest of Brookville, Kansas. No. 4195 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Myrica emarginata Heer.

PI. XIT, Fig. 1.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 66, PI. xm, Fig. 2 ; PI. xnvi, Fig. 12e.

Leaves oblong, quite entire, emarginate at apex, gradually narrowed to the base ; secondaries thin, camptodrome, the lower pairs only opposite.

This leaf has the same characters as that represented by Heer (loc. cit., Pig. 2), being only slightly larger and better preserved, the base onlynbsp;being destroyed. It is 6�� long, a little more than 2�� broad in the uppernbsp;part, and with seven pairs of secondaries, curved in passing towards thenbsp;borders at an angle of divergence of 40�. The texture is subcoriaceous.nbsp;Its close relation to M. Schimperi has been remarked above.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 672 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Myrica lowga Heer.

PL III, Pigs. 1-6.

Proteoides longus Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 110, PI. xxxi, Figs. 4, 5; PI.

XXIX, Fig. 8b; ibid., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 65, PI. xvin, Fig. 9b; PI. XXIX, Figs. 15-17;

PL xxxni. Fig. 10; PL XLi, Figs. 4b, d.

Leaves coriaceous, linear, attenuated to the base, obtuse at the apex, entire ; secondaries very thin.

The characters are in accordance with the description and figures of Heer as above. The secondaries are obliquely curved in passing throughnbsp;the blade and are extremely thin and difficult to perceive. Fig. 3 agreesnbsp;with that in FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, PI. xxxi. Fig. 4, which has thenbsp;leaves linear, of the same width and somewhat curved, while Fig. 1, andnbsp;more especially Fig. 2, has the same characters as that in FI. Foss. Arct,,nbsp;vol. 6, 2 Abth., PI. XXIX, Fig. 15, the leaves being a little more enlarged innbsp;the middle and narrowed upward and downward in the same degree. Fig.nbsp;6 has the same form and size as Heer�s Fig. 8b, PI. xxix (loc. cit). �

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 701, 711, 714, and 718 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West,

68 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the floea of the Dakota group.

Myrica obliqxja, sp, nov.*

PI. XLIV, Fig. 16.

Leaf subcoriaceous, smooth on the surface, entire, small, oblanceolate or gradually narrowed from the obtuse apex and decurring at base to anbsp;short petiole; midrib broad; secondaries very oblique, camptodrome.

The leaf is 3.5�� long, 11�� broad in the upper part, and is similar to the small leaf of M. Studeri Heer, figured in FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, PL Lxx,nbsp;Fig. 21, as well in form and size as in nervation. It also resembles M.nbsp;bilinica Ett. (Foss. FI., Bilin, pt. 1, p. 43, PL xiv, Fig. 3).

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1144 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Myrica obtusa Lesq.

Cret. FI., p, 63, PL xxix. Pig. 10.

Myrica dakotensis Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 35, PL iv. Fig. 9.

Myrica cretacea Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 339, PL iii, Fig. 4.

Myrica sternberuii Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 35.

Myrica? sbmina Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 63, PL xxvii. Figs. 4, 4a.

Order JUGLANDE^.

JUGLANS ARCTICA Heer.

PL XIX, Pig. 3; PL XXXIX, Fig. 5.

Heer, FL Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 71, PL XL, Fig. 2; PL XLi, Fig. 4c; PL, XLii,

Pigs. 1-3; PL XLlll, Fig. 3.

Leaves thickish, subcoriaceous, with rough'surface, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the apex, rounded and narrowed to the short petiole, quite entire,

'This species was named �Myrica proxima, sp. nov.,� by Prof. Lesquereux, hut this species is preoccupied by the Myrica proxima of Ettingshausen (Beitrag. z. Kennt. d. Foss. PL Nenseelands,nbsp;Denkschr. d. math-, naturwissensch. cl. d. k. Akad., Wien, vol. 52, 1887, p. 159, PI. iv. Fig. 14), Itnbsp;therefore becomes necessary to change it, and I have called it Myrica obliqua.�F. H. K.

BESORIPTION OP SPECIES.

inequilateral; median nerve stout; secondaries simple, camptodrome, curved in passing toward the borders, which they follow in a simple series ofnbsp;areoles ; nervilles thick, distant, simple or forking, and anastomosing in thenbsp;middle.

The leaves are about llquot;� long and 3.5� broad below the middle. The nervation is strongly marked; the secondaries, of which there are from tennbsp;to tM^elve pairs, curve from the median nerve and near their base still morenbsp;strongly than toward the borders, which they follow in a series of longnbsp;festoons.

Comparing this leaf to those in Heer�s FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., PI. XLii, Figs. 1, 2, the identity appears fully established. Two of the leavesnbsp;figured by Heer (loc. cit, PI. xli. Fig. 4c, and PI. xlii. Fig. 1), are inequilateral or larger on one side than on the other, and the nervation, especiallynbsp;in Figs. 1 and 2 of PI. xlii, is of the same character, although less distinctly marked than it is in the leaves from the Dakota Group. Heernbsp;refers to this species a large, round nut (loc. cit., xlii. Fig. 3), evidently anbsp;Juglans.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4104 of the collection of Mr. R. D Lacoe. No. 859 of the museum of the Universitynbsp;of Kansas.

JuGrLANS CBASSIPES Heer.

PI. XLIX, Pigs. 1-3.

Heer, PL Poss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 27, PI. lxi, Pig. 4; PI. lxv, Fig. 9.

Leaves large, membranous, elliptical-lanceolate, quite entire; midrib thick; secondaries distant, very thin and much curved, camptodiome.

The three leaves referred to the species of Heer agree with the desciip-tion and the figures given by the author (loc. cit.). Figs. 1 and 3 of our plate agree, especially in the form of the leaves and the nervation, withnbsp;Heer�s Fig. 4, Pi. lxi, while Fig. 2 has the midrib and petiole quite as thicknbsp;as that of Heer�s Fig. 9, PI. lxv. Uke Dakota Group leaves, especially thenbsp;two first mentioned, agree still more closely with the figure given of thenbsp;species in Heer (FI. Von Moletein, p. 23, PI. vi. Fig. 3), which the authornbsp;compares to J. acuminata Al. Br., of the Miocene. They still more closelynbsp;resemble those of J. Ungeri Heer (FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. clv, Fig. 18).nbsp;being larger than any of those of J. acuminata. The secondaries of thisnbsp;species are thin, especially in comparison to the size of the midrib.

70 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Habitat: Near Fort Marker, Kansas. The three specimens here figured are all numbered 2748 in the U. S. National Museum Catalogue.

JUGLANDITES PRIMORDIALIS, Sp. nOV.

PL XXXV, Fig. 15.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate, apparently acute (point broken), rounded in narrowing to the base, inequilateral; secondaries thinnbsp;but distinct, nearly at right angles to the median nerve, parallel, campto-drome, curving at a distance from the borders and joined in bows by anastomosing with each other or with intermediate tertiaries.

This leaf, which is about 8�� long, is curved in the middle and is broader on one side. It has no affinity to any species from the Cretaceous, but isnbsp;related to leaves from the Miocene, being especially similar to those of Jug-lans duhia Ludw., figured in Palaeontographica, vol. 8, p. 140, PI. lix, Figs.nbsp;1,2, and to those of some varieties of J. acuminata Al. Br.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4096b of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

JUGLANDITES ELLSWORTHIANUS, Sp. DOV.

PI. XXXVII. Fig. 1.

Leaflets large, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rounded and slightly unequal at base, penninerved; median nerve thick; secondaries oblique,nbsp;simple, arched near the borders and following them in simple areoles; ner-villes at right angles, anastomosing with the thin tertiaries, intermediatenbsp;and parallel to the secondaries.

The genus Juglandites of Sternberg has been emended and admitted by Saporta for the description of leaves or rather leaflets having a likenessnbsp;to those of Juglans by their form, the unequal base of the leaves, and thenbsp;nervation. These leaves, says the author, which are found abundantly atnbsp;Sezanne, generally have tlie borders slightly denticulate. The leafletnbsp;described above and those of the following species have all the charactersnbsp;of Juglandites, except that the borders are perfectly entire. This differencenbsp;does not eliminate them from that generic division, for even the speciesnbsp;described by Saporta as J%iglandites peraniplus^ shows a leaflet larger butnbsp;similar in form and nervation to our Fig. 1, PL XXXVII, and is representednbsp;with entire, somewhat undulate borders.

The specimen from Kansas bears the impression of a thick pinnule

* Fl. Foss. S�zanne, p. 418, PI. xiv, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

with borders entire, slightly undulate, ID� long from the base to neai the taper-pointed apex (destroyed), and S'*� broad below the middle. Thenbsp;secondaries are strong, parallel, equidistant, diverging from the mediannbsp;nerve at an angle of 50�, nearly straight to above the middle, then curvingnbsp;in bows which follow quite near the borders, anastomosing in simple areoles.nbsp;d^he leaf is comparable also to species of Apocynophyllum and of Rhamnus,nbsp;especially B. Eridani of the Miocene of Europe, which, like Juglans, appearsnbsp;first in the Cenomanian and becomes abundantly represented in the Uppeinbsp;Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 782 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

JUULANDITES SINUATUS, Sp. nOV.

PI. XXXV, Figs. 9-11.

Leaflets large, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, more or less lapidly nai-rowed in rounding to the base, subfalcate, entire; median nerve stiong; secondaries close, camptodrome; nervilles thin, close, simple or forking atnbsp;the middle, oblique to the secondaries, sparingly branching.

The surface of these leaves is distinctly undulate, the lamina becoming prominent or inflated between the lateral nerves. These emerging from thenbsp;median nerve at an angle of 50� to 60� run straight toward the borders,nbsp;where they abruptly curve quite near the margin, being mostly simple, butnbsp;traversed by thin, oblique nervilles. The leaves are 9� to 12�� long ornbsp;more, none being preserved entire. As seen fi�om the fragment (Fig. 11) thenbsp;apex is obtuse, but this fragment has the secondaries more distant, morenbsp;distinctly ramose, and although the nervilles are of the same character itnbsp;may represent another species. Fig. 9 seems-, by its curve to*one side, to benbsp;a lateral leaflet of a compound leaf. I have, however, from Mexico, specimens of a species of Rhamnus as yet undetermined, whose leaves are verynbsp;similar in character to those described above, some of them being falcate, asnbsp;in Fig. 9.

Habitat; Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4086 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

JUGLANBITES LACOEI, sp. nOV.

PI. XLVIII, Fig. 5.

Leaflets small, linear-oblong, rounded in narrowing to the base or short petiole, obtuse and abruptly short acAuninate; borders entire; midrib deepnbsp;and narrow ; secondaries numerous, curved, camptodrome.

THE ELOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

� long, 2��' broad between the parallel

borders, witli thirteen pairs of secondaries joining the midrib at a broad, angle of divergence of 60�, then running upward and following the bordersnbsp;in simple festoons, parallel and equidistant.

Habitat: Kansas.

Order PLATANACE^.

Platanus prim^va Lesq. �

PI. VIII, Figs. 7-8b; PL X, Fig, 1.

Oret. FL, p, 69, PI. Vii, Fig. 2; PI. xxvi. Pig. 2.

Leaves large, palmately trilobate, broadly rhomboidal in outline, deeply, distantly dentate ; lateral lobes simple, short; nervation platanoidal,nbsp;tripalmate ; lateral primaries suprabasilar.

This species is now represented by a large number of specimens. Among others a very large one is covered with fragments of four leaves,nbsp;one of wliich is represented on PI. X, Fig. 1, and another, on PI. VIII, Pigs.nbsp;8-8b, smaller, but nearly entirely preserved with its petiole and a racemenbsp;of flowers, which I consider as referable to this species. In all the leavesnbsp;examined, one of whicli, the largest, is 17''�' long and more than 20�*� betweennbsp;the extremities of the lobes, the lobes are more or less distinct, in none, however, less than in PI. VIII, Fig. 7, and always distinctly, distantly dentate.nbsp;In this last specimen tlie lobes and the teeth appear blunt; but the bordernbsp;of the leaf is somewhat eroded on account of the softness of the sandstone andnbsp;probably the teeth are rendered obtuse by obliteration. The base of thenbsp;leaves is also* generally more prolonged downward, descending far belownbsp;tlie primary lateral nerves, or lower than observed formerly in the specimens figured in my Cretaceous Ploi�a. But this character is of no importance, as the same differences are commonly remarked on the leaves of thenbsp;living P. occidentalis L., to wliich the fossil ones are remarkably similar innbsp;foi'tn and size. Indeed, comjiaring the leaves of P. primoiva of the Dakotanbsp;Group with those of P. Haydenii of the Laramie, those of P. GuUlelmce. ofnbsp;the Miocene, those of P. appendicidata of the auriferous gravel deposits ofnbsp;the old Pliocene of California, and those of the living P. occidentalis, onenbsp;sees the original type so clearly and distinctly preserved that, overlookingnbsp;tlie great differences of age, it would be difficult to separate these leavesnbsp;into different species.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

The flower heads are small, deeply embedded in the stone, the diameter of those exposed at the surface being only 6�� to 7���, the rays shoit, the nucleus 3�� to 4��.

Habitat; From ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Locally found in abundance. The best specimens are Nos. 4001 and 4002 of thenbsp;collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Platanus prim^eva. Lesq. var. orandidentata.

PI. IX, Pigs. 1, 2.

Leaves coriaceous, palmately trilobate, broadly cuneate and entire at base, deeply, sharply dentate on the border; nervation trifid; lateial pii-maries suprabasilar, parallel to the secondaries, branching; secondaiies rigid,nbsp;mostly simple, passing straight to the point of the teeth.

The leaf (Fig. 1), like those of the following variety, is of medium size. The lateral lobes are prolonged outside at the same degree of divergence asnbsp;the secondaries, 35� to 40�, and are lanceolate, acuminate, sharply dentatenbsp;on both sides. The nervilles at right angles to the nerves are strong, flexuous,nbsp;parallel, entire or forking, platanoidal in their divisions.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 744 and 869 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Platanus prim^eva Lesq. var. subintegrifolia.

PI. IX, Pigs. 3, 4.

Leaves coriaceoris, round, oval or oblong, obtuse, short petioled, dentate all arouivd except at the subcordate base; primary nerve thick; secondaries oblique, parallel, ramose; nervilles very stroirg; areolation of Platanus primceva.

The leaves of this variety are not lobate but merely dentate all around, except at the base; the teeth are short, turned outside, and are entered bynbsp;the ends of the secondaries and of their divisions and separated by flat ornbsp;shallow sinuses. Tlie secondaries are much branched outside, the tertiarynbsp;divisions generally forking again near the border. The leaf (Fig. 4) isnbsp;smaller, oblong, apparently obtuse, the apex being destroyed. The secondaries are less rau\ose, the lowest pair only being divided on the lower sidenbsp;in paralled curved tertiaries, tlie others merely forking near the borders.nbsp;The characters of these two leaves, though their size and form differ, arenbsp;the same.

THE FLOliA OF THE DAKOTA OEOtJP.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 763 and 764 of the collection of tlie TTTUseuni of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Platanus prim^va Lesq. var. intbgbifolia.

PI. XLIX, Pig. 4.

The leaf is very small, the borders quite entire and the secondaries are of the same character as those of P. primceva Lesq.

It seems to be merely a young, not entirely developed, leaf of the same species.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2730 of the U. S. National Museum.

Platanus obtusiloba Lesq.

PI. X, Fig. 2.

Oret. FI., p. 69, PI. vii, Pigs. 3, 4.

Leaves small, palmately, irregularly trilobate; lobes short, obtuse; borders undulate; primary nerves three to five, palmate from above the basalnbsp;border of the long petiole.

The leaf figured here agrees on the whole with the above short diagnosis of the species and is surely correctly referred to it. It differs merely in the apparent texture of the leaf, which, although polished on the surface,nbsp;seems rather membi�anous and not very thick. The lateral primary nervesnbsp;are not opposite, a difference which is not of specific value, as in bothnbsp;figures of the species (loc. cit., PI. vii. Figs. 3, 4) one of the leaves is normally nerved, while the other has four primary nerves diverging from thenbsp;same point and one of a lower degree placed far below, nearly as strong asnbsp;the primary ones. The borders are also less iindulate and the secondariesnbsp;are rather camptodrome than craspedodrorne, some of them forking quitenbsp;near the borders, the divisions passing upward and running onto the bordersnbsp;or iilong them.

The species is very rare and distinctly characterized. It has not before been found in Kansas.

Habitat: Near Carneiro, Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. ,54 of the collection of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Platanus Xewberriana Heer.

Phyll. Or�t. du N�br., p. 16, PI. ix. Pig. 3; Lesquereiix, Cret. FI., p. 72, Pl. viil. Pigs.

2, 3; PI. IX, Fig. 3.

15

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. Platanus Heeeii Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 44, PI. Iil, Fig. 1; PI. vii, Fig. 5; Cret. Fl., p. 70, PI. Viii, Fig.

4; PI. IX, Figs. 1, 2.

Platanus diminutiva Lesq.

Gret. Fl., p. 73, PI. Viii, Fig. 6.

Platanus cissoides, sp. nov.*

PI. LXI, Fig. 3.

Leaf of medium size, subcoriaceous, ovate, five lobate, roimded to tbe base iu narrowing to the petiole, blunt-pointed at apex; primary nerves,nbsp;three, the lateral joined to the midrib tar above the base of the leaf,nbsp;obliquely diverging and passing* up to the point of the lobes; secondaries,nbsp;two pairs, distant from the primaries, passing up to the borders under thenbsp;same angle of divergence and parallel; tertiaries at right angles to thenbsp;midrib or oblique as branches of the secondaries; areolation obsolete.

The leaf is somewhat like that of Platanus, though its appearance is different, especially in its having few entire lobes. The angle of divergencenbsp;of the lateral primaries is 40�, and as they curve uiiward the lobes are innbsp;the upper part of the leaves as well as the few secondaries, of which therenbsp;are only two pairs, and the leaf is more like that of a Cissus. It is, however, forcibly referable to Platanus, being closely allied to P. Heerii Lesq.,nbsp;as figured in Cret. Fl., p. 70, PI. ix. Fig. 2, from which it differs essentiallynbsp;by the blunt-pointed lobes, the few secondaries, and the narrow form of thenbsp;leaf.

Habitat; Near Fort Harker, Kansas. Museum.

Liquiuamb^k inteu�mfolium Lesq.

Oret. Fl., p. 56, PI. ii. Figs. 1, 3; PI. XXIV, Fig. 2. Gret. and Tert. Fl., p. 45, PI. xiv,

Fig. 3.

^Tbis species was described and figured iu the manuscript under tbe name of PhulhUs cissoules tut in a list of Dakota Group plants purchased for the U. S. Geological Survey, and sent by 1 rot.nbsp;Lesquereux only a few weeks before bis death, this type specimen is labeled Platamis eissoides. He asnbsp;pointed out in the description that it is like Platanus and closely allied to P. Heerii Lesq., and it seemsnbsp;more than probable that he intended to change it to this genus and negteoted actually to do so. 1nbsp;have therefore ventured to transfer it from its somewhat unnieauing position under Phyllites to enbsp;more definite position under Platanus.�F. H. K.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order URTICAGE^.

Tribe ARTOCARPE^.

Sabtribe FI0EJ5.

FlOUS MACBOPHYLLA, Sp, nov.

PI. XI, Fig. 1.

Leaf very large and entire, coriaceous, polished on the surface, oblong-lanceolate, moderately curved in narrowing to the petiole, apparently obtuse (base and apex destroyed), penninerved; median nerve very thick; secondaries numerous, alternate, nearly at right angles, undulate, forking in thenbsp;middle or above, curving and anastomosing at a distance from the bordersnbsp;in double or repeated bows, separated by tertiary, thinner nerves, the areasnbsp;being covered by large, square areoles formed by nervilles at right anglesnbsp;to the nerves.

Tliough lacerated the leaf shows its size to be at least 30*�� in length, lOcm 'vvidth below the middle. The nervation as well as tlie large areolesnbsp;formed by the nervilles in joining the intermediate tertiary nerves at rightnbsp;angles are deep and quite distinct. By its nervation, at least, the leaf isnbsp;comparable to that of F. rectinervis Ett.,^ which, however, is of a differentnbsp;form. But it is has a greater degree of affinity to a living as yet undetermined species, of which Prof von Ettingshausen has reproduced thenbsp;impression of a leaf,^ remarking that the plant is cultivated in the gardennbsp;of Schoenbrunn, Vienna. The essential characters of both the fossil audnbsp;the living leaves are the same, except that the fossil leaf is somewhat larger.

Habitat; Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 60 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Ficus GLASCOENA Lesq. PI. XIII, Figs. 1, 2.

Oret. aud Tert. FL, p. 48,

Leaves large, thick, coriaceous, polished on the surface, oblong-lanceolate, obtusely pointed, narrowed in a curve and declining to the petiole; median nerve very broad, secondaries thin, at a broad angle of divergence.

'Foss. FI. Sagor,pt. 1, PI. vili, Fig. 17. 'FOS.S. FI. Bilin, pt. 1, PI. xix, Fig. 4.

DES�EIPTIOK OP SPECIES.

scarcely curved in passing to the borders, joining by abrupt curves, or without curving to it, a somewhat thick, marginal nerve.

The species is represented by many fragments of leaves, one of them 20'^�* long, 7.5�� broad below the middle. The nervation is of the type ofnbsp;F. nmUinervis Heer, or F. parasitica Schott, this last figured by self-impression in Foss. FI. Bilin, pt. 1, PI. xxiii. Fig. 1. Compared to fossil species of thenbsp;Cretaceous of Greenland, it is like F. protogcBo}, or F. atovmu Heerl Fromnbsp;this last species it differs essentially by the large size of the very tJiicknbsp;leaves, is more rapidly narrowed to the base and the lateral nerves, sometimes forking above the middle, abruptly anastomosing with a thick, marginal nerve, which follows close to the borders, even apparently forming thenbsp;borders and thus generally obsolete; for often this nerve appears as thenbsp;impression of the narrowly recurved margin. In the living species of Ficusnbsp;of this type, this marginal nerve is often scarcely perceivable, and thus isnbsp;very rarely observed in the fossil leaves. The angle of divergence of thenbsp;nerves is about 60�.

Habitat: Two and oiie-half miles south of Glascoe, Kansas. Nos. 478 mid 532a of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Pious pkotboides, sp. nov.

PI. XII, Pig. 2.

heaves very long, coriaceous, entire, lanceolate, broadest in the lower pait, gradually narrowed upward and gradually tapering to an obtuse apex,nbsp;iiioie rapidly narrowed toward the petiole; primary nerve strong, secon-^mies alternate, very thin, partly obsolete, curved in passing toward thenbsp;borders, camptodrome.

^ The leaf, by its form at least, is much like those of Ficus elongata It is, however, longer, especially differing by the much thinnernbsp;^condaries being far more curved, and by a petiole only half as long,nbsp;le leaf is nearly 22�� long, 3�� broad at its broadest part 6�� above thenbsp;a-se, and with a petiole 2�� long. The thin secondaries ai'e a little morenbsp;cpen than in F. Berthoudi Lesq., more curved in traversing the blade andnbsp;it^b^^^E^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ascending high along the border. It differs also from

y eing enlarged nearei- to the base, its borders rounding somewhat in

� Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 108, PI. xxx, Figs. 1-8.

�Loc. cit., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. tl'J, Pls.xi, xvii, xx, etc.

^Dicotyl. der west!. Kreideform., p. 98, PI. xiv, Fig. 15,

THE PLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

reaching the petiole, which are not decurrent to it, and hj tlie ohtuse apex. Piverything considered the leaf is much like Proteoides dajdmogenoides Heer,nbsp;as figured in my Cret. 1^1., PI. xv. Fig. 1. The leaves of this species arenbsp;merely smaller, the median nerve much thinner and the secondaries totallynbsp;obsolete. The species has also a marked degree of relation to Fieus Fal-conieri Heer,^ from the Miocene of England.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No 853 of the museum ot the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Picus Berthoudi, sp. nov.

PI. XII, Fig. 3.

r^eaves long, lanceolate, tapering upward from the middle to an acute point, gradually narrowed to the base; primary nerve thick in its lowestnbsp;part, becoming narrow above the middle ; secondaries very oblique, distinct,nbsp;alternate, parallel, curved in traversing the blade, following the borders innbsp;long bows.

The leaf is 18�� long, 4�� broad in the middle, not of very thick substance, being subcoriaceous. The primary nerve is much enlarged from the middle to near the base; the lower secondaries are more oblique, 35� ofnbsp;divergence, slightly inclined downward in reaching the midrib, and follownbsp;the borders in long curves, while the upper ones, a little more open, 40�nbsp;of divergence, ciirve and anastomose along the borders in simple, osculating bows; the nervilles are very thin at right angles to the secondaries, andnbsp;mostly simple.

In form and type of nervation the leaf is related, like the preceding one, to Ficus elongata Hosius (loc. cit.), from which it essentially differs innbsp;being largest in the middle and gradually narrowed upward and downwardnbsp;in the same degree, the leaves of F. elongata being broadest above the basenbsp;and rounded in narrowing to the petiole, which they reach in a curve andnbsp;not decurrently; also by the secondaries being more approximate in thenbsp;l�pper part of the leaf, the lower more oblique, curving higher along thenbsp;borders; and finally, by the thinner substance of the leaves.

This peculiar section of Ficus is represented in the Senonian Flora of Westphalia by at least six species, and by two others in that of the Cenomanian of Moletein, one of which, F. Mohliana Heer, is also closely related tonbsp;74 Desori Heei�. It is therefore not surprising to find in the Dakota Group a

*F1. of Bovey-Tracy, Phil. Trans., vol. 153, pt. 3, p. 1060, PI. Lxm, Fig. la; PI, LXiv, Figs. 6, 7; PI,

Lxvr, Fig. 4.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

number of leaves referable to the same type which remains predominant in the Tertiary.

Remark.�Ficus Berthoudi is not always enlarged in the middle but has its leaves sometimes linear. In No. 463a of Sternberg�s collection the leafnbsp;is narrowed to the petiole which is curved and of the same size as F. pro-teoides (PI. XII, Fig. 2), except that the leaf is linear above the basal part,nbsp;being S�� in diameter in the middle, and 2.5�'quot; in the upper and lower parts.nbsp;The direction of the secondaries is the same as in Fig. 3, but they divergenbsp;in the lower part, being more open in the upper.

Habitat: Fdlsworth County, Kansas. No. 856 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ficos OEASSiPES Heer.

PI. XIII, Fig. 3.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abtli.,p. 70, PI. XVil, Fig. 9a; PI. XXIV, Pigs. 1, 2; PI. XLil, Pig. 2c : PI. XLiii, Figs. 4-6; PI. XLVi, Fig. 15.

Leaves coriaceous, broadly linear-lanceolate, tapering and decuirent to the base, quite entire ; median nerve thick; secondaries obsolete; petiolenbsp;long and thick.

This species, represented by Heer (loc. cit.) by many leaves, which aie more or less well preserved but none entirely so, is easily recognized bynbsp;the basilar form of its leaves, which are gradually narrowed and naiiowlynbsp;decurrent to a thick, median nerve, thus forming a thick or broad-wingednbsp;petiole. As yet I have seen only the specimen figured, showing a littlenbsp;more than half a leaf, its lower part, ot which the secondary nervation isnbsp;totally obsolete. The nervation and areolatiou as figured by Heer (loc. cit.,nbsp;PI. XLVI, Fig. 15), is in thin, irregular areoles, like those of � atavina Heer,

to which this species has great affinity, as well as by the form and size of its leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 100a of the collection of

Ficus MAGNOLinsFOLiA Eesq.

PI. XVI, Fig. 4.

Cret. and Tert. P]., p. 47, PI. xvii, Pigs. 5, 6.

Phe leaf is of the same character, only slightly smaller, as the type specimens which were collected in Colorado at the. base of the Rocky

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Mountains, where the older strata covering the piiniary rocks are nearly vertically upheaved and their edges locally exposed to view. From western Kansas the Dakota Giroup is covered by Upper Cretaceous and Tertiarynbsp;strata; its continuity is thus proved by the identity of the plants foundnbsp;both in Colorado and Kansas.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 815 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas.

Ficus Beokwithii Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. FI., p, 46, PI. xvi, Fig. 5; PI. xvii. Figs. 3, 4,

Ficus Halliana Lesq.

Oret. FL, p. 68, PI. xxviu, Figs. 3-9.

Ficus peimoedialis Heer.

Phyll. Or�t. du K�br., p. 16, PI. in. Fig. 1; Lesquereux, Oret. and Tert. FI., p. 45.

Ficus �! angustata Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. FL, p. 47.

Ficus deflexa, sp. nov.

PI. Ill, Fig. 13; PI. XVI, Fig. 3.

Leaves small, very thick, coriaceous, entire, broadly oval, rounded at the petiole and abruptly declined to it ,� pointed at apex; primary nervesnbsp;stout; secondaries thick, cainptodrome; petiole gradually thickened to itsnbsp;base.

The leaves are small, about 4� long, 3�� broad, with three to four pairs of strong, parallel, opposite secondaries and a thin basilar one, allnbsp;much curved in passing to the borders and along them, following them innbsp;areoles; nervilles thick, at right angles to the nerves and generally forkingnbsp;at the middle.

I do not know of any fossil species to which these leaves are strictly comparable. But they are quite similar to those of F. hengalica (F. henga-lensis LIJ of which a leaf is reproduced by impression in Ettingshausen�snbsp;Flora of Bilin, PL xxvi. Fig. 1. There is a difference only in the positionnbsp;of the lowest pair of primaries, which in the living species are derived fromnbsp;the top of the petiole with the lower pair of secondaries at a great distancenbsp;above, while in the fossil leaves the lowest pair of primaries are supra-bas-ilar and parallel to the secondaries. Although this difference is marked,

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

tlie type of nervation is tlie same tor these leaves, beings that of the pal-mately trinerved section of the genus. The petiole is 18�� long, thick and much enlarged at the base.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 812 and 821 ot the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. . Collected by E. P. West.

Fiotjs pkjecursob,, sp. nov.

PI. XLIX, Fig. 5.

Leaves of medium size, long-petioled, enlarged at the middle, constricted and taper-pointed above, narrowed to the base, entire; midiib strong, precnrrent; secondaries numerous, parallel, curved, camptodrome;nbsp;nervilles distant, simple or rarely branching at the middle.

ddiere are two leaves of this species. The one figured is long with a petiole preserved which is I*�� long, 3.5quot;� broad at the enlarged part (thenbsp;middle), and has nine or ten pairs of secondaries at an angle of diveigencenbsp;of 40�. The other leaf is smaller but of the same fonn; its pedicel isnbsp;broader than the midrib, evidently long but also broken 1quot;� below the basenbsp;of the leaf.

The leaves resemble those of F. pulcliCTrima Sap. (�tudes, vol. 1, p. 86, PI. VII, Fig. 2), being less inequilateral at the base, more abruptly constricted below the less sharply pointed acumen. Saporta compares his plantnbsp;to some species of tropical Asia, especially F. tenax ot Timor.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. Specimen No. 223 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Ficus Krausiana Heer.

PI. L, Fig. 5.

Ijeaves large, subcoriaceous, entire, lanceolate, gradually attenuate upward from below the middle in passing to a blunt apex (destroyed) andnbsp;downward to a thin, short petiole; midrib comparatively narrow; secondaries thin, oblique, running straight from the midrib to near the borders,nbsp;where they abruptly curve, following them in long, flat bows.

The species is closely allied by some characters to F. Berthoudi, but more distinctly by others to F. Krausiana Heer (Flora von Moletein, p. 15,nbsp;PI- V, Figs. 3-6). From F. Berthoudi it differs in the thick, coriaceous leaves,nbsp;apparently blunt at apex; the secondaries straight from the base to neaiHhenbsp;borders, separated by a simple intermediate tertiary. From F, Kraustam

MON XVII-6

THE PLOKA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP,

as figured in the Flora of Moletein it merely differs by the large size of the leaves and the narrow midrib, a difference not important enough to authorize the separation as a new species.

The leaves vary from 12�� to 22�� in length, and from 3�� to 4.5�� in breadth, the petiole being 2.5�� long; the secondaries, though deeply cutnbsp;into the epidermis, are very thin, parallel from the base of the leaves,nbsp;diverging at an angle of 50�.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2706 of the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Pious INU5QUALIS, Sp. UOV.

PI. XLIX, Pigs. 6-8; PI. L, Pig. 3.

Leaves of the same type as those of F. prmcursor and F. pulcherrima, being very unequal-sided, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, narrowednbsp;to a thick, short petiole. Midrib thin toward the apex, gradually broadnbsp;toward the base; secondaries at short distances, parallel, equidistant, camp-todrome.

This species differs from F. precursor in the leaves being more sharply acuminate, the sides very unequal, and the petiole short and thick; thenbsp;secondaries are parallel, equidistant; their angle of divergence is the same,nbsp;but they do not ascend high along the borders, which they follow in close,nbsp;simple festoons. The nervation is comparable to that of F. Jynx Hug. (FI.nbsp;von Sotzka, PI. xii. Fig. 3). The texture is as in F. prcecursor. The secondaries, curved and camptodrome, do not ascend as high along the borders,nbsp;which they follow in simple areoles.

The leaf (PI. L, Fig. 3) is large, less unequal-sided, and has a straight, sharply pointed acumen. It has some likeness to the leaves of F. mayno-limfolia.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2770 of the U. S. National Museum collection.

Ficus Stbrnbekgii, sp. nov.

� PI. L, Pig. 1.

Leaves lanceolate, sharply acuminate, entire, triple nerved; incurved, lowest secondaries very long, the others shorter, arcuate.

Tins leaf is similar to that of F. Aglajce, described by Unger in his Flora of Kumi in Fubcea, p. 29, PI. iv. Figs. 34-36. This is, however,nbsp;deprived of the petiole, and though this is the only apparent difference, it

DESCEIPTION OP SPECIES.

can not be identified with that of tlie Miocene of Iliuboea. The nervation is so peculiar that the similarity is the more remarkable. The leaf doesnbsp;not appear very thick or coriaceous, but is solid and the surface has no tracenbsp;of nervilles.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2809 of the U. S. National Museum collection.

Ficus melanophylla, sp. nov.

PI. L, Fig. 2.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong, abruptly rounded at base ^ in passing obliquely towards the petiole and curving down in reaching it, obtuse atnbsp;apex (broken), entire; secondaries numerous, parallel, oblique, generallynbsp;separated by parallel tertiaries curving and joined in bows at a distancenbsp;from the borders, a camptodrome and dictyodrome nervation.

This finely preserved leaf is about ��� long, 3.5�=� broad above its base, and has a slender petiole 1.5�� long, which is enlarged at its point of attachment. I do not find any leaf to which its form is comparable; but its wellnbsp;defined nervation and areolation are those of many sped es of 1 icus livingnbsp;in our time. F. nitida Thunb., F. americana Dubl., F. lentiginosa Vahl ofnbsp;Cuba, etc., are examples.

Habitat: Kansas.

Pious Mudgei, sp. nov.

PI. XII, Fig. 4.

Leaves small, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse at apex and at the base in joining the strong petiole, entire; nervation penninerved-camptodiome.

A small leaf, 5�� long, 3.5�� broad at the middle, the borders cm ving at base to a strong, woody petiole 2�� long. The primary neive is thin,nbsp;enlarging only near the base. The secondaries consist of six pairs, whichnbsp;are alternate, at an angle of divergence of 45�, all equidistant, parallel, thin,nbsp;curved near the borders, anastomosing in simple bows. The nervilles arenbsp;thin, at right angles to the secondaries, traversed by very thin tertiaries ornbsp;anastomosing at right angles.

The leaf has the appearance of a Rhamnus, and is comparable in form and size to B. Aizoon Ung. (Flora von Sotzka, p. 49, PI. xxxi. Fig. 7). Itnbsp;differs, however, in the mode of attachment by a basilar curve to a strongnbsp;petiole and also in the position of the lower secondaries, which are oppositenbsp;and quite near the base of the midrib. The essential characters of the fossilnbsp;species are recognized in Ficus sycomorus L., and in the impression of a leM

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

of the cultivated F. cestrifolia Schott, in Ettingshausen�s Bilin Flora (pt. 1, PI. XXIV, Fig. 3).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 755 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ficus ? undulata, sp. nov.

PI. XII, Fig. 5.

Leaves small, subcoriaceous, deltoid, obtuse, round, truncate at base, deeply, regularly undulate; median nerve thick, rigid; secondaries thin,nbsp;close together, or alternating with shorter intermediate ones, somewhatnbsp;curved in the middle, camptodrome, neai�ly simple.

The fragment, the only one seen of this character, is of a comparatively small leaf, 5�� long, broad near the round truncate base, with thin secondaries parallel, at an angle of divergence of 40� to 45� from the midrib.nbsp;These are nearly 5�� distant at their point of attachment to the midrib, butnbsp;generally separated by short, intermediate nerves of the same thickness asnbsp;in the leaves of F. atavina Heer, a common species of the Cretaceous ofnbsp;Greenland.

The same type of nervation is also observed in some of the leaves of Populus Berggreni Heer,^ but this last species has the leaves attenuated tonbsp;the base and quite entire. Therefore the generic relation of this leafnbsp;remains somewhat uncertain.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 599 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Ficus ALIGEKA, sp. nOV.

PI. X, Figs. 3-6.

Leaves subcoriaceous, quite entire, small, ovate or oval, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, rounded, subtruncate or narrowed to the base; petiolenbsp;short, alate, constricted at its point of union with the leaves; nervationnbsp;pinnate; primary nerve strong, percurrent; secondaries oblique, parallel,nbsp;equidistant, camptodrome; nervilles obsolete, their base appearing at rightnbsp;angles to the secondaries.

The leaves vary from to 5�� in length and from to in width at or below the middle; the secondaries, at an angle of 40� to 50�, numbernbsp;from six to ten pairs, more or less closely placed, curve in traversing thenbsp;areas, and are mostly simple or with very few branches; the petiole, 1.5�� to

*F1. Fobs. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., PI. xvii, Fig. 8a.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES,

2�� long, 3�*quot; to 4quot;'� broad, is alate, formed by the continuation of the median nerve abruptly enlarged at the base of the leaves into a broad, flat lamina.

By the form and, aspect of the leaves the species is related to Ftcm humelioides Ett. (Kreideflora v. Niederschoena, p. 251, PI. ii, Fig. 6), especially difFering by the obtuse (not emarginate) apex of the leaves and bynbsp;the foliate petiole. Its affinity, as shown by the form of the leaves, is stillnbsp;more marked with Ficus Mudgei Lesq.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4072, etc., of the collection of Mr. R. H. Lacoe.

Pious distorta Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. EL, p. 48; Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 342, PI. V, Fig. o.

Ficus laueophvlla Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI p. 49, PI. I, Figs. 12, 13; Hayden�s Ann. Rept,, 1873, p. 342, PI. V,

Fig. 7.

Fruits op Ficus.

PL X, Figs. 7, 8.

Comparable to or rather much like two fruits of Ficus figured by Heer (FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, PI. xxx), on which he remarks (p. 109) thatnbsp;these fruits found with the leaves of F. protogma Ett. show such a likenessnbsp;to fruits of Ficus that their determination can not be doubtful. The leavesnbsp;of F. protogcea Ett. have not yet been observed in the Dakota Croup, butnbsp;its flora has a large number of leaves of Ficus of the same type; F. glas-coena Lesq., for example, differing merely from F. protogcea by the laigenbsp;size and the more ovate form of the leaves.

Habitat; Four miles southwest of Brookville, Kansas. No. 4057 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Fious LANCEOLATO-AOUMINATA EttL

PI. XIII, Fig. 4.

Foss, Flora v, Sagor, pt. 1, p, 182, PL Vi, Figs. 3, 4.

Leaves coriaceous, polished, lanceolate, gradually acuminate, narrowed to the short petiole, entire; median nerve strong; secondaries close, curved

' This species was first described by Prof. Lesquereiix under the name of Laurus primigenia Uug. var. vretacea Lesq., and was transferred only a short time before his death. His note is as follows;

PI. XIII, Pig, 4^ which I liave referred as Laurus priniigenia cretacea, has the same form, size of lea , and nervation as Ficus lanoeolaio-acummata Ett. (Flora of Sagor, PI. vi, Figs. 3, I). See also Engelhard, Nova Acta, vol. 43, PI, xiv. Fig. S of F. laneeolata. Must be this, though the secondaries are anbsp;little more distant.� The original description and comparisons are retained as he wrote them. F. H. K.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

upon each other near the borders, generally separated by intermediate, thinner tertiaries tending to the middle of the arches of the secondaries.

A number of the specimens of the Dakota Gi�oup represent leaves of this kind, some, however, being shorter and narrower, but all nerved as innbsp;the figure. But as the tertiaries or intermediate veins are generally obsolete, the secondaries appear sometimes more distant than they are observednbsp;in leaves of the normal form.

I am unable to find a character or a difference separating this species from that figured and described as Laurus primigenia by Unger and othernbsp;authors, from the European Tertiary. The nervation is that of the leavesnbsp;in Unger�s Flora v. Kumi, PI. viii. Figs. 1 and 4, where the distribution ofnbsp;the secondaries is marked, while_ the intermediate tertiaries are obsolete,nbsp;and Fig. 7, where the secondaries appear very close like those of our figure,nbsp;from the interposition of somewhat shorter, less distinct tertiaries.

The sjjecies is common in the Miocene of Greenland. Heer has figured it in FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 1, pt. 2, PI in, Figs.8-13; also in FI. Foss.nbsp;Arci, vol. 7, p. 104, PI. lxxvii. Figs. 8-13; PI lxxviii. Figs. 1-11; PInbsp;Lxxxv, Fig. 5; PI ci. Figs. 2-4, from the Upper Cretaceous strata ofnbsp;Atanekerdluk, Unartok, etc. Being thus so abundantly found in the Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous of Greenland, the presence of this species isnbsp;not strange or anomalous in the Cenomanian of the Dakota Gi�oup.

The leaves of this species, though of thicker texture than tliose of Laurus plutonia, do not show the areolation as distinctly, and the secondaries are not flexuous and curve nearer to the borders. The relation, however, with L. pUitonia is very close.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4088 of the collection of Mr. li. D. Lacoe.

Aetooarpidium cretaceum Ett.

PI. L, Fig. 7.

Kreidefl. v. Niedersch., p. 251, PI. II, Fig. 4.

Leaf petiolate, coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, entire or undulate; nervation camptodrome; primary nerve strong, percurrent; attenuate at apex; secondaries, five or six on each side, emerging at an angle of 40� to 50�,nbsp;well marked, distant, the inferior proximate, the lowest supra-basilar,nbsp;shorter^ tertiary nerves or branches oblique.

This description agrees with that of the species by Ettingshausen in Kreideflora von Niederschoena, p. 251, PI n. Fig. 4. The figure given bynbsp;the Gennan author is of a mere fragment, the lower part of a leaf only.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES.

which does not show the true distribution of the secondaries. There is no reason, however, for doubting- the reference of the leaf of the Dakota Group

to the species.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2759 of the �. S. National Museum collection.

Order BALANOPHORE^.

WiLLIAMSONIA ELOOATA, Sp. ttOV.

PI. II, Figs. 9, 9a.

Fragment of a cone or globose capitule, with deeply concave inside part, bordered by oj^pressed, oblong, lanceolate scales, bearing bristles atnbsp;apex, with base of a pedicel, the point of attachment of tlie capitule.

I refer this fragment to Williamsonia, especially from its likeness to some figures given of the species by Nathorst,' which, by means of crossnbsp;sections of the fruiting cones, exhibit this organism as a hollow, centralnbsp;axis suiTounded by imbricated scales, those of the borders or of the uppernbsp;part of the stem being short, imbricate, lanceolate, acute, those surrounding the hollow receptacle being longer and linear-lanceolate. The fragmentnbsp;from Kansas, compared to the cone (loc. cit., PI. vii. Fig. 3) figured bynbsp;Nathorst, diffei�s merely in having tlie scales shorter and tipped by hairs ornbsp;bristles. Although the specimen is too imperfect to offer positive points ofnbsp;affinity, Saporta, to whom it has been communicated, considers it as referablenbsp;to the genus Williamsonia, though not exactly congener to the Williamsonianbsp;of the Jurassic, yet of a similar type which may be new, allied to the �nbsp;Spaclici florcB^ and at the same time analogous to that of Williamsonia.

The following is a translation of what that celebrated author writes in bis Jurassic Flora, vol. 4, liv. 37, p. 122 -.

We have recently received from our frieud, Leo Lesquereux, another fossil organism, or rather the hollow mold of that organism, discovered in the ferruginous sandstone of the Dakota Group, therefore of the Genoinanian. One perceives in thenbsp;specimen, after molding the cavity in relief, a thick, short receptacle shaped like annbsp;''oi a , conical ball, mostly naked, and marked on its surface by scars of insertion,nbsp;gu ar y placed in spiral, of a mass of scales, closely contiguous, inserted at rightnbsp;lt;ing es upon the receptacle and surrounded by a thick, spinous apophysis, subulate atnbsp;^ase,^ shorter aitd less protruding toward the apex of the organism. These scales,nbsp;answer evidently to sexual elements, easily disengaged at maturity, are notnbsp;Wh'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;either by themselves or by the structure of the receptacle upon

le ley were implanted, with the corresponding parts of the floral spadices of

Nagra aamarkaiugar om Williamsonia, Carruthers, Ofrers. k. Vet.-Akad. Forb., 1880, No. 9.

THE ELOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Williamsonia. If this analogy is real we would have here a sessile, naturally caducous receptacle detached after the anthesis from an involucre of which it would have occupied the center. Hut here, without better evidence, it is difiScult to pass above simplenbsp;conjecture.

He advises the publication of this fragment under a new generic name. But indeed it would be impossible to give generic characters from such anbsp;fragment, and its relation to Williamsonia being recognized, it is advisable tonbsp;leave it in that genus until better specimens can aflFord light on the subject.

It is essentially from the presence of this organism in the Cretaceous that Saporta objects to its reference to Williamsonia, which he considers asnbsp;a true Jurassic genus. But we have already a representative of anothernbsp;genus, Enceplialartos, which shows, by its presence in the Flora of thenbsp;Dakota Glroup, the same peculiar distribution as that of Williamsonia.nbsp;Moreover, to do this, considering the likeness of our fragment to the finenbsp;specimen of W. cretacea Heer (FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. .59, PI.nbsp;XII, Fig. 1; PI. XIII, Fig. 9), would force the elimination of this last speciesnbsp;from the genus. I am even disposed to recognize marked degrees of atfinitynbsp;between the fragments figured from the Dakota Group aud some of thenbsp;splendid figures given by the author of the Flore Jurassique, as for examplenbsp;Figs. 1 and 3, PI. ccxl, the first representing a convex tuberculose capitu-lum like the one seen concave by impression in our Fig. 9; tlie second anbsp;pedicellate capitulum like the pediceled base of our Fig. 9a. The samenbsp;analogy is remarked in comparing the fragments from Kansas with thenbsp;figures given by Nathorst (loc. cit., PI. vii. Figs 1 and 3), which show, bynbsp;, restoration, an open capitulum with its mode and point of attachment asnbsp;represented in Figs. 9, 9a.

Round or reniform in outline, 4.5�� broad, 3�� in vertical diameter, narrowed at the base and borne upon a cylindrical scaly branch or pedicelnbsp;1�� in diameter. The scales upon the branches are short, triangular, aboutnbsp;1�� long from their enlarged point of attachment. Those of the cone, ofnbsp;which the internal structure only is seen, are closely imbricated, apparentlynbsp;linear, flat, thickish, placed behind seeds or bearing pods which are falcate,nbsp;linear, 14�� long, 1.5�� in diameter, transversely undulate at the surface, asnbsp;in some small seeds.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. The specimen is still in the hands of the Marquis Saporta.

89

desoeiptiok of species.

Order PROTEACE^.

EMBOTHRIEvE.

Lomatia Saportanea Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 346; Oret. and Tert. Pl., p. 51, PI. Ilf, Fig. 8.

Todea f Saportanea Lesq., Oret. Fl., p. 48, Pl. xxix, Figs. 1-4.

Correction to be made to the description of this species as given in Cret.

and Tert. Fl., p. 51:

Leaves compound; leaflets opposite, more or less distant (not always connate), sometimes narrowed to the base and sessile or decurrent by a subbase along the branches by a narrow margin. The rachis of the pinnm isnbsp;round and comparatively narrow, abruptly out at the base of the upper pairnbsp;of leaflets, or sometimes enlarged above them and terminating in a simple,nbsp;lanceolate, short, and narrow pinnule, which is thus terminal and has thenbsp;same character as the lateral ones. It is the same as that figured in Cret.

FL, Pl. XXIX, Fig. 4.

Lomatia Saportanea var. longifolia Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 52.

Persoonia Lesquerexjxii, sp. nov.i

Pl. XX, Figs. 10-12.

nr verv short-pedicellate, obovate, obtuse Leaves subcoriaceous, sessile o ^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;secondaries

or subemarginate at apex, gradually nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the blade at an acute

alternate, few, very thin, curved upwaid i nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;o

angle of divergence, camptodrome.

The leaves, 3^ to 5�� long 1.5 to 2A

narrowed to the base, slightly deciirrent^ li.ex-^�the secondaries, three larger toward the rounded or subemargim .1nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� .nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^ the me-

or four pairs, are parallel, much curved upward in divei.m,

dian nerve at an angle of 25� to 30 . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;------

�---�7-in his mannscript hut

^ This species was uametl ** Persoonia Heem, sp. ^^ Snset^ana, 1883, p. 72, Pl* ^ as this name is preoccupied by Persoonia Seerii of Pilar (nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. U's-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;deemed this species worthy

16), it becomes necessary to change the specific uame. Inasmuc nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;laws of nomenclature will not

of bearing the name of the distinguished Heer, a complimen nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;compliuient be returned and

in this case permit to be carried out, it seems especially dcsita e nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;p��oonia Lesquereuxii.�^P. H. K.

that it be named for himself. I have, therefore, changed the name to Pmooma

THE ELOEA OF THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

The species is related to Persoonia lamina Heer (FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. 95, PL xcvii, Pigs. 25-28), represented as having very obtuse leaves,nbsp;rounded or slightly emarginate at apex and rapidly narrowed downwai�d tonbsp;near the base, continuing parallel to the median nerve before reaching it.nbsp;Heer�s Fig. 28 (loc. cit.) shows distinctly the peculiarity of form and alsonbsp;the same type of nervation.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 77c, 87, and 107 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Tribe PROTEE^E.

Peoteoides daphnouenoides Heer,

Pbyll. Cr�t. du N�br., p. 17, PI. iv, Figs. 9, 10; Lesquereux, Orel. FI., p, 85, PI. xv,

Figs. 1, 2.

Peoteoides GEEViLLE.iEFOEMis Heer.

Phyll. Cr�t. dn N�br,, p. 17, PI. iv, Fig. 11; Lesquereux, Cret. FI., p. 86, PI. xxvin,

Fig. 12.

Peoteoides lancipolius Heer.

PI. XV, Fig. 5; PI. L, Fig. 8.

Kreideflora v. Quedlinburg, p. 12, PI. iii. Figs. 5, 6; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. FI.,

p. 50.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate, narrowed toward the apex and base, quite entire, blunt at apex. In Cret. and Tert. FI. two specimens are described of this species. One of the specimens figured here (PI. XV, Fig. 5)nbsp;is No. 63 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts; the other. No. 76, is also in that museum.

There is nothing to add to Heer�s description. The figure of the species also fully agrees with those of Heer, differing only by the total absence of secondaries, none nf which can be seen upon our specimen. Thenbsp;leaf is coriaceous, narrowed at base and also gradually toward tlie apex,nbsp;which is apparently blunt or somewhat obtuse, but is broken in the specimen.

It has the same facies, being widest at the middle, curved-falciform, gradually narrowed to the base, 7*�� long, and 7�quot;� broad at the middle.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas; Fig. 8, PI. L, is No. 2778 (collector�s No. 260) of the U. S. National Museum.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

Order LAURINE^.

Tribe LITSEACE^.

Laxjrxjs plutonia Heer.

PI. XIII, Figs. 5, 6; PI. XXII, Fig. 5.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 75; PI. xix, Figs. Id, 2-4; PI. xx. Figs. 3a, 4-6; PI.

XXIV, Fig. 6b; PI. xxvni, Figs. 10, 11; PI. xlii. Fig. 4b.

Leaves subcoriaceoiis, lanceolate, narrowed both ways in the same degree, acuminate, entire; primary nerve rather narrow; secondaiies nn-merons, at an acute angle of divergence, arcuate, the intervals reticulate.

This is Heer�s description with which the Kansas specimens agree as well as with the figures of that author (loc. cit.)._ Many leaves of the samenbsp;character have been seen in the specimens examined; but though they arenbsp;of the same form and size, the reticulation is rarely distinct. Even the twonbsp;leaves figured here are less distinctly reticulate than seen in the drawing.nbsp;In lleer�s figures also the reticulation is marked only upon one leaf (loc.nbsp;cit., Eig. 6 of PI. xx), and even there it is still obscure, appearing in small,nbsp;polygonal areoles. Hence the identification of fragments of leaves of thisnbsp;species is not always certain. The lateral nerves are generally more or lessnbsp;nndulate, especially in their upper part, not as distinctly curved near thenbsp;borders as in Ij. pritnigenia Ung., of which the leaves are much alike andnbsp;from which they differ by the naiTow median nerve, the less thick texture,nbsp;the surface not polished, and the basilar pair of secondaries at a more , acutenbsp;angle of divergence.

The leaf, PL XXII, Fig. �5, is doubtfully referred to this species. The nervation is totally obsolete, as it is also in most of the figures of thenbsp;author, none of which has tlie upper part preserved, 1 he form of the leavesnbsp;is identical.

Habitat: Kansas, Minnesota, etc. No. 4093, in many specimens of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe. Fig. G is from a specimen communicatednbsp;hy Prof. N. H. Wiuchell, from Minnesota, and figured on PI. ii, Fig. 5, ofnbsp;his Geological Report, as yet unpublished.

Latteus nebbascensis Lesq.

Oret. FI., p. 74, pj. x, Fig. 1; PI., xxviii, Fig. 14.

Persea nebrascensis Lesq., Traas. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 13,1869, p. 431, PL xxiii. Figs.

9, 10.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Laurus protb^folia Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 52, PI. iii. Pigs. 9, 10; PI. xvi. Fig. 6. Hayden�s Ann. Rept.,

1874, p. 342, PI. V, Figs. 1, 2.

Laurus Holl^ Heer.

PI, XII, Fig. 8.

FI. Foss. Arct,, vol. 6, 2 Abth. p. 76, PI. xxxiii. Fig. 13; PI. xuiv. Fig. 5b; PI. XLV,

Fig, 3; vol. 7, p. 30, PI. LXi, Pig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, entire ; primary nerve narrow; secondaries distant, at an acute angle of divergence, arcuate.

The leaf, which is about 12�� long, is nearly 4�� broad in the middle, and narrowed in an outside curve to the base, declining to a short petiolenbsp;13�� long. Of the leaves of this species Heer remarks that they are muchnbsp;like those of L. plutonia and L. Odini, but differ from the first by beingnbsp;broader, with secondaries more distant, and that in L. Odini the leaves arenbsp;broadest below the middle. The difference in the width of the leaves ofnbsp;L. Hollm and L. plutonia is still more marked in the American specimens innbsp;comparing the Kansas leaf with those of PI. XIII, Figs. 5 and 6. Thenbsp;secondaries are a little more distinctly marked on the leaf from Kansasnbsp;than upon those from Greenland. They are indeed very distant, but separated by very thin tertiaries, which are either totally obsolete or onlynbsp;perceivable near the point of attachment to the median nerve, the angle ofnbsp;divergence from the midrib being about 40�. The affinity of the Kansasnbsp;leaf with that of L. cretacea 'Ett. (Kreideflora von Niederschoena, PI. ii.nbsp;Fig. 13) is distinct. This has the nervation better preserved than any ofnbsp;those of L. Holies^ showing strong, distant secondaries separated by thinnernbsp;ones. The only appreciable difference is in the width of the leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 865 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Laurus anteoedens, sp. nov.

PI. XI, Pig. 3.

Leaf membranaceous, lanceolate, gradually tapering to the apex, narrowed to the base, not decurrent, somewhat curved to one side, entire,nbsp;irregularly undulate; median nerve thick; secondaries oblique, curved,nbsp;parallel, but of unequal thickness and distance, camptodrome.

The leaf is 11�� long, 2.5�quot; broad below the middle, sliglitly inequilateral by the partial contraction of the borders on one side, and is not

desceiption of species.

gi�adually narrowed to tlie petiole but somewliat rounded in narrowing to it. Its precise relation is not satisfactorily ascertained.

It is, indeed, comparable by its form to some varieties of L. primigenia Ung., and especially to L. Beussii Ett. (Flora v. Bilin, pt. 2, p. 5, PI. xxxi,nbsp;Figs. 5 and 11), baving also, by its numerous intermediate tertiaiies, anbsp;marked relation to species of Salix and even to Detvalqma halclemiana Sap.

amp; Mar. (Marnes Heers, de Geliuden, PI. vii, ligs. 1, 2). I consider it, liowever, as referable to a species of Laurus, comprising in its charactersnbsp;those of some varieties of L. primigenia Ung., resembling especially thenbsp;hgure of this species in Saporta, �tudes, vol. 2, PI. vii, lig. 7.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 4200 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Laubus anotjsta Beer PI. XVI, Fig. 7.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 76, PI. XX, Figs, lb, 7; PI. XLili, Fig. Ic; vol. 7, p.

30, PI. LVII, Fig. lb.

Ijeaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to the acuminate apex, entire; primary nerves narrow, secondaries arcuate, camptodrome.

Heer remarks on the leaves of this species tliat they are much like those of L. plutonia, differing by the smaller size, the nearly linear form,nbsp;being narrower and more acute at the apex. The fragment which I refernbsp;to this species is of exactly the same size and form as that in Heers PI.nbsp;XLiii, Fig. Ic. It is indeed part of a leaf quite as large as those which Inbsp;have figured of L. plutonia, PI. XIII, Figs. 5, 6. But it is more linear, thenbsp;secondaries are arched along the borders and are parallel, not flexuous,nbsp;more distinctly camptodrome. Other leaves figured by Heer are muchnbsp;smaller, and some have the nervation better preserved, with the areolationnbsp;like that of L. plutonia.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 709 of the museum of the University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Laurus (Gabpites) micbocarpa, sp. nov.

PI. XVI, Fig. 8.

Seeds small, oblong, obtuse, attached to a short pedicel, narrowed at base, enlarged above into a flat support of the seed, marked like it by fivenbsp;points of corresponding vascular scars.

This fruit is only half as large as that of L. niacrocarpa, but it has the

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA OEO�P.

undoubted characters of a seed of the Laurinece, like those of Laurus, Cin-namoinum, Sassafras, etc. Its upper part, 5�� long and 3.5�quot;* broad, rounded at apex, is su])ported upon a short pedicel 2�'quot; long, which, enlargednbsp;at its top, forms a support to the base of the fruit and is marked like it bynbsp;corresponding vascular scars. The seed is easily separated from the embedding matter and also from its support.

It is comparable to the seeds of Oinnamomum polumorplmm (Al. Braun) Heer (Engelhardt in Nova Acta, vol. 43, PI. xiii. Fig. 11; PI. xvii. Figs. 7-11).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 530 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

LAUKUS TELIFORMIS, Sp. nov.

PL L, Fig. 9.

Leaf small, rigid, subcoriaceous, lanceolate-acuminate, decurring to a thick, curved petiole, entire; midrib narrow, rigid; secondaries thin, veiynbsp;distinct, camptodrome, incumbent, quite near the border; the lowest pairnbsp;basilar, distant from the upper one at a more acute angle of divei�gence; thenbsp;upper gradually less distant and more open; areolation very small, puncti-form.

This fine leaf is of thick texture, 6.5�� long, including the thick curved petiole, which is over 1.5�� long. It is only 12�� broad at the middle,nbsp;whence it is rapidly narrowed to a sliarply pointed apex and very graduallynbsp;tapers to the petiole, decurring to it at the base. It has eight pairs of secondaries, the lowest diverging from the base of the midrib at an angle of 20'^;nbsp;those above gradually less distant from each other under an angle of divergence of 30�, the uppermost of 50�.

The secondaries are thin, but passing through or cutting the epidermis of the leaf; all simple, following the borders in festoons. The character ofnbsp;the nervation is that of various species of Laurus of the Tertiary, beingnbsp;especially like that of L. dermatophyllon Weber (Ettingshausen in Flora v.nbsp;Bilin, pt. 2, p. 7, PI. xxxi, Fig. 8), L. superha Sap. (�tudes, vol. 2, PI. vii,nbsp;Fig. 4), L. resurgens Sap. (ibid.. Fig. 9), etc.

Habitat: Kansas.

Laueus Knowltoni, sp. nov.

PI. L, Fig. 4.

Leaf large, linear, lanceolate, thick, coriaceous, with smooth surface; midrib stout; secondaries irregular in distance, thick, diverging about 40�

DBSOEIPTION OP SPECIES.

from the midrib, curving in passing toward the borders, camptodrome, not coimivent.

The fragment is 14� long, 3.5� broad at the middle, in the broadest part, equally but gradually narrowed upward and do^wnward, joining the base ofnbsp;the thick midrib in decurring to it, apparently pointed at apex.

Though the leaf has some likeness to those of Ficus BertJioudi, it evidently differs, especially by the great thickness of the secondaries, none of them being basilar and all in irregular position; yet it is evidently referablenbsp;to Laurus, and comparable especially to L, nectandroides ktt. (Floi a v. Bilin,nbsp;pt. 2, p. 6, PI. XXXI, Figs. 6, 7), the leaves of which are only smaller.^

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2713 of the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Laueus maceooaepa Lesq,

Oret. PL, p. 74j pi. ;x, Pig. 2; Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 98.

Latjeophyllum bllswoethianum Lesq.

PI. XIII, Pig. 7.

Quercus ellsworthiana f Lesq., Cret. PL, p. 65, PI. Vi, Pig. 7; Cret. aud Tert. PL, p. 39.

Leaves subcoriaceous, with surface polished, lanceolate-pointed, rounded and broadly cuneiform to the base; borders entire, undulate; median nervenbsp;thick, percurrent; secondaries oblique, camptodrome, simple or forking.

This leaf, which is preserved entire, is 10.5� long? 2.5�� broad in the middle, and has the secondaries, 13 or 14 pairs, inequidistant though parallel,nbsp;either straight or slightly curved, at an angle of divergence of 40� to 50�,nbsp;forking at or above the middle. This character is peculiar and well markednbsp;upon a fragment of a leaf figured in my Cret. FI. as Q. ellsworthiana Lesq.nbsp;But the general facies of the leaf as seen trom the specimen figured here

is rather that of leaves of Laurineie. Its true relation is therefore still uncertain.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4096 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Linueea venusta, sp. nov.

PI. XVI, Pigs. 1, 2.

Leaves rather small, thin, membranous, palmately triplinerved from the base and trilobate from above the middle, rounded in narrowing to jhenbsp;obtusely cuneate base; borders entire; lobes short, erect, the median a

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

little longer, all blunt or apiculate at apex, enlarged at the middle, narrowed to the obtuse, narrow sinuses; secondaries numerous, camptodrome.

The leaves resemble those of Sassafras cretaceum Newb. They are generally smaller, also more delicate in appearance and of thinner texture,nbsp;6�quot;' to 7*'� long, 4.5�� broad in the middle and between the apices of thenbsp;lobes, entire. The divergence of the lateral primaries from the mediannbsp;nerve is scarcely 30quot;^. In all their characters, form, size, texture, and nervation, these leaves closely resemble those of L. triloba Blume, of Japan.nbsp;Idle most marked difference is in the division of the primaries, which arenbsp;basilar in the fossil leaves, while they are generally supra-basilar in thosenbsp;of L. triloba, the leaves of which also have the lobes acuminate; but theirnbsp;form as well as that of the nearly rounded sinuses is the same.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Found in numerous concretionary specimens, mostly of small leaves. Nos. 656 and 657 of the museum of the University of Kansas.

Lindbba Masoni, sp. nov.

PI. XVIII, Figs. 9, 10.

Leaves narrowly cuneate to the decurrent base, enlarged, flabelliform above, pahnately deeply trilobate; lobes entire, obovate, rounded andnbsp;apiculate at the apex, separated by very narrow, obtuse sinuses, palmatelynbsp;trinerved from above the base; primary nerves rigid, though narrow; secondaries short, alternate, curved, camptodrome.

The leaves are rather membranous than coriaceous, though somewhat tliick, 7�� long, 5�� to 6�� between the points of the lateral lobes, narrowednbsp;by an inward curve and decurring to the petiole, which is slender and brokennbsp;below the base of the leaf; the secondaries are short, mostly obsolete.

This leaf is very similar to those of the preceding species, differing by its larger size, the long narrowed and decurring base, the supra-basilarnbsp;position of the lateral primaries and the scantiness of the scarcely distinctnbsp;secondaries. The texture of the leaf appears also more dense.

Habitat: Four miles southwest of Brookville, Kansas. , No. 4135 and counterpart of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Litsea cretacba, sp. nov.

PI. XV, Fig. 2.

^ Leaf coriaceous, entire, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering upward to a long acumen, more rapidly narrowed to the base and decurring

DESCEIP�ION OP SPECIES.

to tlle petiole; tripliiierved; lateral primary nerves supra basilar, enierghig at ail acute angle of divergence, ascending close and parallel to the bordersnbsp;and like the secondaries anastomosing in festoons and ascending high upnbsp;along the borders; secondaries alternate, the lower one-sided from near thenbsp;pnmaries, the upper in four pairs, very distant, all connected by strongnbsp;nervilles at right angles to the median nerve.

The only leaf I have seen of this species is the one figured. It is 13*^�� long, 3�� broad below the middle, the base and apex being broken.nbsp;Ihe texture is thick, the median nerve strong, the lateral primaries andnbsp;secondaries thin, and all of the same thickness.

Species comparable to L. expansa Sap. amp; Mar. (Revision FI. de Grelin-'^leii, p. 68, PI. XI, Figs. 1, 2), and to L. elatinervis Sap. amp; Mar. (ibid., p. 70, 11. XI, Fig. 4), and also, but in less degree of likeness, to L. laurinoidesnbsp;Hosius and v. d. Marck (FI. Westfal. Kreidef, p. 65, PI. xl. Fig. 157).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4014 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Litsea falcifolia, sp. uov.

PL XI, Fig. 5.

Leaves small, entire, coriaceous, lanceolate-acuminate, curved to one

granulose on the surface, triplinerved from above the base; median neive thin, lateral primaries very oblique, ascending high, nearly parallel tonbsp;^^e bolders, simple and very thin; secondaries, two pairs, far distant fromnbsp;c pinnaries, all simple and parallel, the lower opposite, the upper one-side�l.

Tliis leaf resembles somewhat the one described as Ginnamomimi ScJieuch-^eri Heer (Lesquereux, Cret. FI., p. 83, PI. xxx. Fig. 2), difiering, how-evei, greatly by its falcate form and its very thin, simple nerves, not only rom the last species but from all those attributed to the genus Cinnamomum.

le nervation has more analogy to that of the living L. glauca Siebold of ^pan, though the affinity is not complete. But the leaves from the Dakotanbsp;roup rarely show a perfect accordance of characters with those of thenbsp;present time. It is especially the case with the Laurinem, to wliicli

THE FLOE A. OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

gt; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Daphnophyllum angustifolium, sp. nov.

PI. XXXVI, Fig. 8.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, long and narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering upward to a long, acuminate point, more rapidly downward to the thick median nerve; secondaries at an acute angle of divergence, close, parallel,nbsp;equidistant, camptodrome.

The genus Daphnophyllum has been admitted by Heer for the description of some leaves with camptodrome secondaries distributed somewhat like those of species of Ficus and Laurus.

This leaf is referred to this genus on account of its great affinity in form, size, and punctulate surface to leaves of some species of Laurus, beingnbsp;especially similar to those of L. primlgenia Ung., var. cretacea Lesq. (PI. XIII,nbsp;Fig. 4), and others of the Tertiary of Europe, while at the same time, bynbsp;the closeness of the simple camptodrome secondaries, it has a degree ofnbsp;likeness to species of Ficus, as F. muUinervis Heer, of the Tertiary of Europenbsp;and F. atavina Heer, of the Cretaceous of Greenland. It is 12�� long, 2.5nbsp;broad at the middle, long-acuminate, and tapering also to the base (brokennbsp;above the point of union to the petiole) ; the secondaries, very numerous,nbsp;3�� to 3.5�� distant, diverge at angle of 30� and curve slightly in passingnbsp;toward the borders, following them in successive simple bows. The surfacenbsp;is rugose or punctulate, irregularly marked by small dots like the impression of basilar points of hairs.

The leaf is comparable to that of Ficus deg ener Ung., as figured in Watelet (PI. Foss, du Bassin de Paris, PI. xlii. Figs. 3-5). Unger describesnbsp;his species in FI. von Sotzka, p. 165, PL xiii. Figs. 1-7, as having the leavesnbsp;broadly lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed to a short, thick petiole, dentate, crenu-late; primary nerve strong; secondaries indiscernible. As described bynbsp;Watelet, the leaves are linear-lanceolate, entire; the secondaries close,nbsp;numerous, camptodrome, quot;and crossed at right angles by distant nervilles.nbsp;One of the leaves is punctulate and the areolation, or I�ather the secondarynbsp;nervation, is not distinct. Our leaf well agrees with this last description,nbsp;but certainly not with that of Unger, though Watelet sees no differencenbsp;between his leaves and those described by Unger.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 97 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

DESCRIPTION OE SPECIES.

DA.PHI�OPHYLLUM DAKOTENSE, sp. nOV.

PL LI, Pigs. 1-4; P'. LH, Pig. 1.

Leaves entire, subcoriaceous, lanceolate, broader at the middle, grad nally tapering upward to a long acumen, more I�apidly to the Ijase or to anbsp;short petiole; nervation camptodrome; midrib narrow ; lower secondariesnbsp;opposite, very oblique, curved in passing toward the borders, which theynbsp;follow in simple festoons.

The leaves, which are about S*�� loirg, and nearly broad at the middle, have only eight pairs of secondaries, distinctly marked upon allnbsp;the specimens except one. The lowest are opposite, passing toward thenbsp;borders at an angle of 30�. They have the same form and the same typenbsp;of nervation as the leaves of Daphne protogma Ltt. (Flora von Bilm, pt. 2,nbsp;P-13, PI. XXXIV, Figs. 1-3). The resemblance to this last figure is especially remarkable. No. 1153 is evidently the same species and has a similarnbsp;kind of nervation. Nos. 1160 and 1176 are variable forms of the samenbsp;species.

Habitat: Probably Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 1222a and 1224a of the collection of Mr. ll. D. Lacoe. Fig. 1, PI. LI, is No. 2807; Fig. 2,nbsp;FI. LII, and Fig. 1, PL LXIV are No. 2808 of the collection of the Nationalnbsp;Museum.

Sassafras subtntbgripoliitm Lesq.

PI. XIV, Fig 2.

Cret. FI., p. 82, PL ii. Fig. 5.

Tjeaf subcoriaceous, ovate, acute, narrowed to the petiole, short, obtusely lobed on one side, entire on the other, triplinervedfrom above the base and at a distance from the secondaries, which are in three or foui pairs,nbsp;alternate, parallel, camptodrome, at an acute angle of divergence; nervilles

distinct, curved in the middle, at right angles to the midrib and the secondaries.

The leaf is 6.5'^� long, 3.5�� broad, narrowed and slightly decurrent to a slender petiole. The median nerve is narrow but rigid, quite distinctlynbsp;marked, as well as the secondaries. Comparing this leal to the half lobatenbsp;ones of S. officinale L., the similarity of characters is easily observed. Thenbsp;basil nerves are alternate; one of them, slightly stronger, emerges on onenbsp;side, forming a lobe and thus craspedodrome, while on the other side allnbsp;the nerves are camptodrome and the borders remain entire. With the modification of one of the primary nerves the nervation is of the same char-

THE PLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

acter as that of S. cretaceum Newb., var. oUusum Lesq., and var. acutilohum Lesq. (Cret. FL, PI. xiii, Fig-. 1, and PI. xiv, Fig. 2). The only differencenbsp;between these fossil leaves of Sassafras and those of the living 8. officinalenbsp;is, that in the first the lower secondary nerves pass toward the sinusesnbsp;and curve at a short distance below the borders while in S. officinale thenbsp;nerves reach the borders and there diverge on both sides, forming annbsp;inflated margin at the base of the sinuses as in the leaves referred to Lin-dera (PI. XVI, Figs. 1, 2). The specimen described above is far betternbsp;characterized than that figured in Cret. FI. (loc. cit).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4020 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Sassafras ? primordiale, sp. nov.

PI. XVI, Pig. 10. �

Leaves of thin texture, palmately trilobate, narrowed to the base and decurring to the petiole, lobes lanceolate, blunt-pointed, the lateral short,nbsp;half open, the median comparatively very long.

The small leaf, about 4.5�� long, 3�� broad between the apices of the lateral lobes, whose divergence from the median nerve is 50�, looks like anbsp;dwarfed leaf of Sassafras by its borders narrowed, decurring to the base, andnbsp;joining the petiole at a distance from the point of union of the secondaries.nbsp;The latter are effaced in the lateral lobes; a few of them, observable in thenbsp;median one, are thin, curved in passing towards the borders, camptodrome.nbsp;The middle lobe is gradually narrowed upward, is at least three times asnbsp;long as the lateral ones, and is separated from them by obtuse sinuses.

Though the leaf is fragmentary, it is apparently related to 8. acidilobum Lesq. and 8. Madgei Lesq. (Cret. FI., PI. xiv. Figs. 3, 4, and especially PLnbsp;XXX, Fig. 7). The relation is not very closely marked, there being a greatnbsp;difference not merely in the size but in the substance of the leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 525 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Sassafras Muduei Lesq.

Cret. PI., PI. XIV, Figs. 3, 4; PI. xxx. Fig. 7.

Sassafras acutilobum Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 79, PI. xiv. Figs, 1, 2; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 56, PL V, Figs. 1-5.

DESCRIPTION O� SPECIES.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) disseotptm Lesq.*

PI. XIV, Fig. 1.

Cret. and Tert. FI., igt;. 57.

Leaves coriaceous, very large, flabelliform, palmately five-lobed, nar rowed by an inward curve and decurring to tlie petiole; lobes obtuse,nbsp;deeply undulate or obtusely dentate; primary nerves trifid, supra-basilar;nbsp;the lateral forking near tbeir base, the divisions branched on both sides;nbsp;secondaries curving along the borders or entering the teeth; nervilles stiong,nbsp;at right angles to the nerves, continuous, more generally simple, areolationnbsp;small, polygonal.

ddiese leaves are very large, the one figured measuring 22 in engt i, without the petiole, which is long and 20- to 24- between the apicesnbsp;of the lateral lobes. They have a great degree of affinity to those^ ofnbsp;S. (^Araliopsis) mirabile Lesq., and also of Platanus primcBva Lesq., differingnbsp;from both, however, by the subdivision of the lateral nerves, the five-lobatenbsp;form of the leaves, the obtuse teeth of the lobes, the nervation, etc. Theynbsp;are like an intermediate link between those two genera, being more closelynbsp;related to Araliopsis than to Platanus, however.

Habitat; A number of leaves of the same character but somewhat variable in size have been obtained by Charles H. Sternberg, 3 and 7 milesnbsp;south of Fort Barker, Kansas, at a locality remarkable for their'abundance.nbsp;No. 117, etc., of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) oeetaceum Xewb., var. orossebentatum Lesq. n. var.

PI. LI, Pig. 5.

This leaf differs in nothing from the normal form except by its large size, with its borders deeply dentate. It is evident that the sharply acutenbsp;teeth constitute a variety indicated already by the short teeth sometimesnbsp;seen in the normal form of the species and can not be separated on thatnbsp;account.

beinjr F� ^ ^ ^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;iiKe As^idtopfiyilum trtiobatum i^esq., mit puoii-ivoijnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�--------

of nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'f lobate nor dentate, and the coarse (distinctly so) nervation and areolation in the part

rno-,.r nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;leaves, generally very large, is smooth; in Asphidiophylluin it is, per contra,

ugose, by the deeply marked areolation.�-P. H. K.

THE FLORA OP TB� DAKOTA GROUP.

Sassafras (Aealiopsis) papillosum, sp. nov.

PI. VI, Fig. 7.

Leaves large, palmately trilobate; lateral nerves diverging, somewhat arched downward; borders acutely dentate all around, teeth entered by thenbsp;secondaries and their branches, sharply pointed, 2)apillose at apex; pi-iniar}'-nerves three, very thick; secondaries oblique, parallel, more or less branching.

The fragment figured is the only part known of this beautiful leaf, which measured at least 22�� between the extremities of the lateral lobesnbsp;and about 20�� in length without the petiole. The teeth are not large, butnbsp;all about equal, turned outside, separated by shallow, half-round sinuses,nbsp;each bearing at the apex a round black pulverulent point like a small flattened fleshy knot. T^he primary and secondary nerves are very thick; thenbsp;lateral lobes and the secondaries are at an angle of divergence of 40� to 45�nbsp;and the areas are traversed by strong, flexuous nervilles, simple or forkingnbsp;and at right angles to the nerves.

Though the general aspect of the fragment is like that of a leaf of Platanus, it has a more evident relation to 8. (Araliopsis) mirabile Lesq.,nbsp;from which it differs merely by the enlarged lateral lobes, the acutely dentate borders and the papillose teeth. Like the preceding species this has anbsp;marked degree of affinity to Platanus primmva Lesq., and its varieties.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 19 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) ceetacbum Newb.

Later Ext. FI., p. 14, Illustr. Oret. aud Tert. PI., PI. vi. Figs. 1-4, fragment of leaves; Lesquereux, Cret. FI., p. 80, PI. xi. Pigs. 1, 2; PI. xii. Fig. 2.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) oretacbum: Newb., var. obtusum Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 80, PI. xii. Fig. 3; PI. xiii, Fig. 1.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) mirabile Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 80, PI. xii, Fig. 1.

Platanus latiloba Kewb., Later Ext. FI., p. 23, Illustr., Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. ii. Fig. 4.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) recurvatum Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 57.

Platanus recurvata Lesq., Cret. FL, p. 71, PI. X, Figs. 3-5.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;103

Sassafras (Aealiopsis) platanoibes Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 58, PI. vii, Fig. 1.

Tribe PERSEACE^.

Peksea Schimpeei, sp. nov.

PI. XVI, Fig. 5.

Leaves coriaceous, oval-oblong, narrowed and contracted' above to a blunt-pointed apex, narrowed in the same degree, but in an outside curvenbsp;and broadly cuneiform to the base; primary nerve thick; secondariesnbsp;inequidistant, the lowest thin, close to the borders, following them in anastomosing with those above; the others thick, all at an acute angle of 30�nbsp;camptodrorae.

Tlie leaf, of which the petiole is destroyed, is 12� long and 6� broad; the secondaries, of which there are seven pairs, are variable in distance,nbsp;slightly curved in traversing the blade, following the borders at a distance,nbsp;anastomosing by bi-anchlets in areoles; the areolation is small punctiform.

The form of tlie leaf is comparable to that of P. speciosa Heer,^ which is a leaf somewhat larger, with the secondaries less distant and less gradually curving along the borders. The cliaracter of nervation and areolation is that of P. Brmmii Heer,^ a type also recognized in the Lower Eocenenbsp;flora of Gelinden in P. palceomorpha Sap. amp; Mar., and which of course itnbsp;IS not surprising to find already repi�esented in the Cenomanian of this continent, where so many original types of more recent plants make theirnbsp;appearance.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 781 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Peesba Havana, sp. nov.

PI. XVI, Fig. 6.

Leaf large, coriaceous, oval, contracted below the pointed apex, gradually narrowed and decurring to the petiole; secondaries opposite, equidistant, parallel, anastomosing by nervilles into large, simple areoles.

The leaf is nearly of the same size and form as that of the preceding species, from which it evidently differs by the still thicker texture, the polished surface, the longer, prolonged base joining the petiole by a declining

'Ettingshausen in Fosa. FL, Biliu, pt. 2, p. 9, PL xxxii, Fig. 16.

�FL Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. 80, PL i.xxxix, Figa. 9, 10.

THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

curve, and by the equidistant, parallel, op})osite secondaries, the lowest pair of which are supra-basilar. These differences are marked enough to authorize a separation of species.

By comparison with plants of our epoch the leaves of P. SeMmperi Lesq. show affinity of character with those of Laurus canariensis Willd., var.nbsp;latifolia, while the leaves of F. Hay ana Lesq. are more like those of var.nbsp;anymtifolia Lesq. of the same species.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 8.58 of the museum of the Lhiiversity of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Pebsea Leconteana Lesq.

PL XI, Fig. 2.

Cret. FI., p. 7.5, PI. xxvin. Fig. 1.

Leaves large, oblong-ovate, lanceolate, pointed; borders entii�e; nervation pinnate; lower secondaries at a more acute angle of divergence, the others distant, curving quite near the borders and following them; uervillesnbsp;thin.

The leaf figured in Cret. FI. (loc. cit.) is more complete than this fragment; but this shows the nervation more distinctly, especially the morenbsp;acute angle of divergence of the lower pair of secoudai-ies. As the leaA-esnbsp;of P. Leconteana Lesq. and of Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq. (Cret. FI., p. 92,nbsp;PI. XXI, Fig. 1) have nearly the same form and the same size, tlie fragmentnbsp;here figured is valuable in showing the difference in the character of thenbsp;nervation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. G8 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Pebsea Stebnbebgii Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 76, PI. vii. Fig. 1.

CiNNAMOMUM SCHEUCHZEBI Heer.

PI. XI, Pig. 4.

FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. 85, PI. xci, Figs. 4-22; Lesquereux, Cret. FI., p. 83, PI. xxx,

Figs. 2, 3.

Leaf coriaceous, entire, elliptical, blunt at apex, narrowed from the middle downward, tn]dinerved from near the base; median nerve thick;nbsp;lateral primaries nearl}' parallel to the borders, branching outside; second-

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES.

aries one or two pairs, at an open angle of divergence, short, at a great distance from the base of the lateral primaries.

Though the position of the lateral primary nerves at the base of the leaves seems different from wliat is observed in the common forms of tliisnbsp;s])ecies, the same anomaly is nevertheless seen in many of the leaves describednbsp;by authors, as in Unger�s Flora of Radoboj, PI. i, Figs. 6, 8, 9, etc.

These leaves have the same characters as those described in Cret. FI. (loc. cit.), and the remark made there is also applicable to this leaf

Habitat: Seven miles northeast of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 428a of the Miiseum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

CiNNAMOMUM Hbebi Lesq.

PI. XV, Fig. 1.

Cret. FI., p. 84, PI. xxviii, Fig. 11; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 13, p. 431, PI. xxiii,

Fig. 12; Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 54.

Leaves thick, coriaceous, entire, ovate, taper pointed, rounded to a short petiole; lateral primary nerves supra-basilar, ascending in curving tonbsp;above the middle of the leaves; ramose outside.

�Fhe description of tins species and the remarks upon its characters in Cret. and d�ert. FI. (loc. cit.) are complete as far as the species is known atnbsp;the present time. But the figure given herewith has to be substituted fornbsp;that in the Cret. FI., PI. xxviii. Fig. 11, which had been made from anbsp;specimen deformed by handwork.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles from Gllascoe, Kansas. No. 523 of the Museum of Comjjarative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

CiNNAMOMUM ELLIPSOIDEUM Sap. amp; Mar.

PI. LI, Figs. 8, 9.

This species is described as follows by the authors (Revision de la Flore Heersienne de Gelinden, p. 61, PI. ix. Figs. 7-9).nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� Leaves petiolate,

ovate-lanceolate, shortly obtusely attenuate, triplinerved; lateral nerves slightly supra-basilar, curved, with few outside branches and few secondariesnbsp;emerging from the midrib at a distance from the |)rimaries, anastomosing innbsp;the upper part with them; tertiary nerves transversely flexuous, passing tonbsp;a slightly marked areolation.�

Except for the character of the areolation, copied from the description of the above authors, the species is satisfactorily represented by two speci-

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

men? now in the collection of the U. S. National Musenni. The character most important to separate this species from some forms of C. polymorplmmnbsp;(Al. Hr.) Heer and C. Scheuchzeri Heer, is the position of the primary lateralnbsp;nerves, which are quite near the base of the leaf. I have already describednbsp;two leaves of this kind in Cret. FL, PL xxx. Figs. 2 and 3, the first beingnbsp;(�omparable to Fig. 8 of Saporta and Marion (loc. cit.), being still narrower,nbsp;with primary lateral ]ierves at a greater distance from the base of the leaf,nbsp;not less than 8�� (S'quot;quot;' in the leaf of the French authors), and still narrower,nbsp;the widest jaxrt in this last leaf being 18�� while it is 25�� in the leaf figurednbsp;in the Flora of Gelinden. The character of the two leaves figured herenbsp;agrees well with those of the leaves (Figs. 7 and 9) of Saporta and Marion asnbsp;well as that of the fragmentary leaf of the Cret. FL, PL xxx. Fig. 3. Evennbsp;in this one the primary lateral nerves are really basilar, and thus it isnbsp;evident that, admitting the characters as specific, three of our leaves represent C. ellipsoideim Sap. amp; Mar.

Admitting the identity of the leaves from Kansas with those from France, or considering them all of the same species, the difference mentionednbsp;above has to be put aside, and thus ray remark on the leaves of Cinnamo-]Tium referable to C. Scheucliseri Heer remains valid at least for Fiar. 2 ofnbsp;the Cret. FL Heer has recognized, in the Up^mr Cretaceous of Patoot, andnbsp;described^ C. eUipsoidemn in a fragmentary leaf which he refers to the speciesnbsp;from the basilar position of the lateral })rimaries. It has the same characternbsp;as that of Fig. 8 of our plate.

Habitat: Near Fort Idarker, Kansas. No. 2712 of the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

ClNNAMOMUM Maeioni, sp. nov.

PI. LI, Figs. 6, 7.

Leaves narrowly elliptical, shai-ply acute, rounded at base in narrowing to the petiole, entire, subcoriaceous; midrib narrow, lateral primaries twonbsp;pairs, one from the base, ascending in following the borders to below thenbsp;middle of the leaf, the other supra-basilar, joining the midrib about 1��nbsp;abo-ve the lower, but parallel, curving at a distance from the borders, tendingnbsp;to the apex but effaced and disappearing at a short distance below.

By their texture, form, and nervation these two leaves are very much alike, are of simple nervation, and appear referable to Cinnamomum. Theirnbsp;texture, if not very thick, is solid and their surface smooth.

� Fl. Foes. Arct., vol. 7, p. 31, PI. LXi, Fig. 2.

DBSCEIPTI�N OF SPECIES.

ever, unable to find a published fossil species of the genus with two pairs of parallel simple lateral nerves at a distance from each other withoutnbsp;trace of secondaries. Some living species of Cinnamomum have, however,nbsp;the same character and present in the primary nervation of some of tlieirnbsp;leaves a distribution of the primary nerves like that of the leaves figured;nbsp;C. campliora and C. Zei/lanicum,, for instance. These peculiar charactersnbsp;are a variation of the normal form.

T.,eaves of Tliibaudia liave parallel lateral nerves which ascend to tlie apex, but they are differently disposed.

Habitat: Near Foi�t Harker, Kansas. No. 2C9.5 of the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Cinnamomum sezannbnse Watelet.

PI. XII, Figs. G, 7.

Daplmogene sezannensis (Wat.) Sap. amp; Mar., FI. de S�zanne, p. 369, PI. viii. Pig. 5 (fragment); Sap. amp; Mar., V�g. Marnes Heers, de Helinden, p, 47, PI. vi. Figs. 5, 6;nbsp;Cinnamomum sezannense Sap. amp; Mar., E�vis. PI. Gelinden, p. GO, PI. ix, Figs. 2-6.nbsp;Heer, PI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 77, PI. xix, Fig. 8; PI. xxxiii. Figs. 11,12.nbsp;vol. 7, p. 30, PI. LXi, Fig. la.

Leaves subcoriaceous, narrowed to the petiole from an obtuse base, lanceolate above, acute or narrowed into a long acumen, entire, triple nerved;nbsp;lateral nerves supra-basilar, ascending parallel to tlie borders, short branchednbsp;on the outside, anastomosing above with the secondaries; nervilles numerous, fiexuons, transversely decurrent.

'^riie above description is tliat of Saporta (Revision of the Gelinden Flora, loc. cit.). It is somewliat modified from that in Flore de Sezanne andnbsp;also from that in the first volume of the Flora of Gelinden. Tlie leavesnbsp;which represent the species are mostly in fragments. That in the Flora ofnbsp;S�zanne, like our Fig. 6, has the upper and lower pai'ts destroyed. It isnbsp;much narrower, apparently longer, the lateral secondaries being shorter,nbsp;less parallel to the borders than in our Fig. 7. Both figures of the Floranbsp;of Gelinden are also fragmentary, fnlly agreeing in form, size, and nervationnbsp;with Fig. G of our plate; those of the Revision are smaller, one only (Fignbsp;G) being preserved entire. It is a small leaf with a prolonged acumen, dlienbsp;figures given by Ileer (FI. Foss. Arct., loc. cit.) are also all of fragmentarynbsp;leaves, those of PI. xxxiii, Fig. 11, and PI. lxi. Fig. la, being of betternbsp;preserved leaves, much narrower than those of the Dakota Group, with thenbsp;lateral nerves straight, resembling altogether the figure in the Flora ofnbsp;From a comparison of all the forms represented it appears that

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

botlv the leaves figured here are essentially broader than any of those figured by authors, but not differing in a mai�ked degree from the characters describednbsp;by Saporta. They merely represent a large form of the species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 167 and 679 of the collection of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington and E. E. West.

OBEODAVHNn CEETAOBA Lesq.

Cret. PL, p. 84, PI. xxx. Fig. 5; Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 55.

Order MONIMIACE^.

Tribe ATHEROSPERME^.

Laueelia peim^va, sp. nov.

PL XX, Fig. 8.

Leaf thick, coriaceous, with surface polished, rhomboidal, entire and cuneiform from the middle downward, undulately obtusely dentate above;nbsp;penninerved; primary nerve thick; secondaries mixed, camptodrome ornbsp;craspedodrome; intermediate tertiaries as long as the secondaries, diverselynbsp;forking and anastomosing obliquely or at right angles by nervilles.

The leaf, which is beautifully preserved, is 7.5'�� long, 4.5�� broad in its widest part below the middle, and has a peculiar mixed nervation somewhat difficult to describe. The secondaries, at an angle of divergence ofnbsp;40�, are mostly craspedodrome; but the upper ones evidently curve in bowsnbsp;quite near the borders, where they anastomose with somewhat thinnernbsp;tertiaries, which, like the secondaries, and intermediate to them, either joinnbsp;the borders or branch and anastomose in curves with the secondaries, whichnbsp;are moreover connected to them by-shoi�t nervilles at right angles. Thenbsp;secondaries are only slightly thicker than the tertiaries and their branches.nbsp;The borders are finely, deeply undulate or obtusely dentate up to the apex,nbsp;entire from below the middle to the base; the petiole is broken.

The affinity of this leaf with the genus Laurelia is indicated in fossil plants by i. rediviva Ung. (Sylloge, pt. 3, p. 71, PI. xxiv. Figs. 4-9), andnbsp;by a number of living species. Six leaves of the genus are represented bynbsp;self-impression in Ettingshausen�s Neuholl., Char, der Pioc. Eu., Pdgs. 126,nbsp;131, 138-140, pp. 88-90. L. aromatica Poir. (A. sempervirens Tub), of Cliili,nbsp;is in the form, size, and the thick texture of its leaves, as well as in the typenbsp;of nervation, remarkably similar to the fossil species.

DBSOEIPTION OF SPEOIES.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 57 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Order ARISTOLOCHIE^.

Aristolochites dentata Heer.

Phyll. Cret. du N�br., p. 18, PI. ii. Pigs. 1, 2; Lesquereux, Gret. FI., i). 87. PI. xxx,

Fig. 6.

Apocynophyllum sokbidum, sp. nov.

PI. LXIV, Pig. 11.

Leaf subcoriaceous, lanceolate, equally narrowed upward, acuminately and downward to the eidarged median nerve, which is gradually thinnernbsp;above and scarcely visible toward the apex; borders entire; secondariesnbsp;oblique, camptodrome.

The surface of the leaf is mostly covered with iron or yellowish crust, and few of the secondaries are distinct; they are at an acute angle of divergence, camptodrome.

The leaf is comparable to those figured and described as A. lanceolatum Ung., and is described by Weber in his Tertiarfl. Niederrh. Braunkohlen-form., p. 74, PI. iv. Fig. 1.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1187 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Order EBENACEiE.

Diospyros prim^va Heer.

PI XX, Figs. 1-3.

Phyll. Gret. du N�br., p. 19, PI. i. Figs. 6, 7; FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 80, PI. xviii, Fig. 1; vol. 7, p. 31, PI. Lxi, Fig. 5a, b, c; Newberry, Later Ext. FI., p. 8,nbsp;Illustr. Gret. and Tert. PL, PL iii, Fig. 8; Lesquereux, Gret. and Tert. FL, p. 59.

Leaves of medium size, subcoriaceous, oblong, oval, entire, narrowed or rounded downward, and declined to the petiole at the very base. Thenbsp;median nerve is thick, secondaries parallel, equidistant, connected by strongnbsp;nervilles at right angles, camptodrome, and following the borders in repeatednbsp;bows.

These leaves clearly represent Heer�s species, especially as figured in Phyll. Cr�t. du N�br., PI. i, Fig. 6. In the specimens figured in FI. Foss.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Arct. (loc. cit.) the secondaries ai�e sometimes separated by shorter, undulate tertiaries which are not observable in those of Kansas. The leaves arenbsp;variable, according to age. Fig. 3 of our plate represents a very youngnbsp;one. The median nerve is strong and continues downward to a thick petiolenbsp;more than 2'� long, preserved in Fig. 2.

All the specimens figured and a number of others come from the same locality. The species is locally abundant in the Cenomanian of the Unitednbsp;States, and Heer reports it from Grreenland and also from Patoot, a somewhat higher stage of the Cretaceous, where it is found with Platanus affinisnbsp;Lesq., P. Newherryana Heer, Ilex borealis Heer, Lauras plutonia Heer, etc.;nbsp;all species also found in the Dakota Gronp.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 64, 65, and 72 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Diospyros apioulata, sp. nov.

PI. XIV, Fig. 3.

Leaf small, coriaceous, entire, elliptical, narrowed in the same degree upward to an apiculate apex, downward to a short petiole; nervation thicknbsp;and deep, camptodrome.

The leaf has the characters of Diospyros primmva Heer, as figured in FI. F OSS. Arct., vol. 7, PL lxi. Fig. 5, but differs especially in its smaller size,nbsp;the apiculate point and the more distant, opposite secondaries. It is 3.5��nbsp;long, including the short petiole, which is only 2�� long, and is 17quot;'�� broadnbsp;in the middle.

The nervation is quite distinctly marked; the secondaries, of which there are six pairs, are subopposite, while even the smallest leaf of D. primcevanbsp;has ten pah�S of secondaries. The nervilles are strong,' flexuous, dividednbsp;in the middle, anastomosing at right angles and thus forming large squarenbsp;or polygonal areoles; the rigid median nerve is prolonged into a short,nbsp;apiculate point.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4016 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Diospyros ambigua Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 60.

D. anceps Lesq., Oret. FL, p. 89, PI. vi, Fig. 6.

UESCEIPTION OF aPECIES. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ill

Diospybos pseudoangeps Lesq.

PI. XXir, Fis-1.

Report of the Geological State Survey of Minnesota, by Prof. X. H. Winchell, unpublished.

Leaf coriaceous, elliptical-oval, obtusely cuneiform to the base; borders entire; median nerve strong; secondaries few, curved in traversing thenbsp;lamina; nervilles irregular in direction, except as the branches of the secondaries, anastomosing in festoons along the borders.

The leaf, which is 4�'� broad, is apparently 7 to long, the upper part being destroyed. Comparing it to� 1). anceps Heer (FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3,nbsp;p. 12, PI. cii. Fig. 17), the affinity of the characters is really striking. Innbsp;the American specimen the base of the leaf is only slightly less rounded;nbsp;the lateral nerves are as irregular in distance; those of the lower pairnbsp;closely follow the borders in a continuous series of bows formed by anastomosis from a superior nerve to a marginal inferior veinlet or to upper secondaries; the thin nervilles, variable in distance, are either at right anglesnbsp;to the secondaries and obsolete or pass from the median nerve to join thenbsp;secondaries at a distance or in irregular or abnormal direction. As the leafnbsp;is fragmentary the comparison of the characters of the nervation can not benbsp;followed in the upper part; but as in Heer�s Fig. 17, one sees near the linenbsp;of fracture of the leaf two pairs of opposite secondaries ascending andnbsp;curving towards the borders under the same angle of divergence.

Habitat: North side of the Big Cottonwood River, near New Ulm, Minnesota. No. 5372 of the collection of Prof. N. H. Winchell, who allowednbsp;the reproduction of this tine species here. A specimen more recently communicated, Ellsworth County, Kansas (No. 776 of the museum of thenbsp;University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector), shows still more distinctly itsnbsp;remarkable relation to D. anceps.

Diospybos S�eenstbupi? Heer.

PI XVI, Fig. 9.

El. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 32, PI. LXiv, Fig. 1.

Leaves elliptical-ovate, acute or constricted below the apex and acuminate, attenuated to the base, entire; secondaries curved in traversing the blade, branching, camptodrome and areolate along the borders.

The species is represented by two fragmentary leaves upon the same specimen. The leaves are about of the same size and form as those figurednbsp;by Heer (loc, cit.) from Patoot. The secondaries are either distant as in FI.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA ORO�P.

Foss. Arct. (loc. cit.) Fig. la, or less distant, more divided, and more strongly impressed as in Fig. lb of the same plate. They are, however, figured thinner and more fiexuous in Heer�s species than in the leaves from Kansas, ofnbsp;which the lower part is broken, but which are evidently narrowed andnbsp;cuneiform to the base. They are also comparable to G�ppert�s Rhamnusnbsp;subsinuahis (Palaeontogr., vol. 2, 1852, PI. vi, Fig. Id), at least by the formnbsp;and nervation of the leaves; the borders, however, being entire, not sinuous,nbsp;and the secondaries more divided.

Habitat; Kansas. Nos. P and Q of the museum of the University of Kansas.

Diospyeos eotundifolia Lesq.

PI. XVII, Pigs. 8-11.

Oret. FI., p. 89, PI. xxx, Fig. 1.

Leaves of various size, subcoriaceous, entire, round or broadly oval, obtuse, declining at the base to the petiole ; nervation camptodrome.

The leaves of this species, recently found in great numbers, are extremely variable in size, from 1.5�� to 7�� long, and from 1�'quot; to 7�� broadnbsp;in the middle. Some of the leaves are as broad as they are long; but thenbsp;greatest number are oval and much longer than broad.

The primary nerves are rigid; the secondaries, six to seven pairs, oblique, at a broad angle of divergence of 50� to 60�, arched in traversingnbsp;the blade and simply areolate along the borders by anastomosing curves,nbsp;mostly simple or branching near the borders. Though the surface of thenbsp;leaves is quite smooth and the nerves very distinct, the ultimate areolationnbsp;is not discernible; in these specimens the areas only are seen traversed bynbsp;thin, simple nervilles, slightly oblique to the secondaries. The details ofnbsp;areolation have been observed and figured upon the fragment in Cret. FI.nbsp;(loc. cit.) Fig. 1, which appears to be referable to the same species, thoughnbsp;the leaf is a little larger and quite round.

Besides the affinities of these leaves as indicated in the Cret. FL, they '.an also be compared to species of Populus, especially to I\ hijperhoi eu andnbsp;P Stygia Heer, described above; also to the living Coccoloha punctata, ofnbsp;vhich a leaf is represented by impression in Ettingshausen�s Bilin Floi�a,nbsp;pt. 1, PI. XXIV, Fig. 1; and Coccoloha floridana Meisner, the leaves of which,nbsp;like those of the Dakota Group, are very variable in fonn and size.

Habitat: Kansas. Abundantly found in nodules of Ellswortli County. Nos. 402, 436, 570, 572, etc., of the museum of the University of Kansas.nbsp;Collected by E. P. West.

DESOEIPTION OP SPECIES.

DiOSPYBOS ? CELAS�ROIDES, Sp. UOV.

PI. XX, Fig. 7.

�

Leaves large, subcoriaceous, obloiig-lanceolate, narrowed to a thick, short, inflated petiole and decurriug to it at the base; borders quite entire;nbsp;median nerve thick; secondaries numerous, oblique, thin, flexuous, withnbsp;short, oblique bi�anches on the under side, forking near the borders; nerva-vation dictyodrome.

The fragment figured, which consists of the lower half of a leaf 7*quot;� long and 4�� broad below the middle, is somewhat inequilateral, being 2'�� onnbsp;one side and 1.5*�� on the other, thus resembling by its outline Sapindus Mor-risoni Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. FL, PI. xvr. Figs. 1, 2), whose nervation is ofnbsp;a far dflferent type. The secondaries, at an angle of divergence of 40'^,nbsp;are thin in comparison to the thick median nerve, flexuous, emitting on thenbsp;lower side short oblique branches, withont connection between themselvesnbsp;or with npper or lower secondaries, but entering the borders by some ofnbsp;their ultimate divisions.

The same type of nervation is exhibited by some species of Celastrinse, as Celastrophyllum belgicum Sap. amp; Mar.,^ C. Benedeni Sap. amp; Mar.,^ twonbsp;species with dentate leaves; but also and more distinctly by Bospyrospal-(eogoici Ett.,� a leaf larger than that from Kansas but of the same form, andnbsp;B. prinKBva Heer, as figured in FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., PI. xviii. Fig.nbsp;11. The petiole, as seen in Fig. 7, is short, 1.5�� long, inflated at the base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 83 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Order SAPOTACEFE.

Tribe BUMEEIE^.

BUMBLIA ? KHOMBOIDEA, Sp. noV.

PI. LI, Fig. 10.

Leaf rhomboidal in outline, entire, narrowed from the middle downward to a short petiole, upward in the same degree to an obtuse apex; nervation pinnate; secondaries oblique, camptodrome.

The leaf is small, 4�� long, and 2�� broad in the middle; the secondaries obscure, of three pairs only, opposite, parallel, equidistant, observed

' Flore de Gelindeu, R6vis., PI. xiii, Fig. 4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Ibid., Pi. xiv, Pig. 2,

� Flora V. Bilin, i)t.2, p. 45, PI. xxxviii, Fig. 32,

MON XVII-8

THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA OKO�P.

ill the lower part of the leaf. Tliey are scarcely 5�quot;¹ distant and run straight toward the borders at an angle of divergence of 45� from the midrib.

By form and size, and also by the secondary nervation, as far as can be observed, this leaf is comparable to B. Oreadum Uiig., as figured in 0.nbsp;Weber, Tertiarfl. Niederrh. Braunkohlenform., PI. iv. Fig. 4b.

Habitat: Kansas.

Sapotacites, sp.?

PI. LXV, Fig. 3.

Fragment of a membranous oval or elliptical leaf, round emarginate at apex, gradually narrowed toward the base (destroyed); midrib narrow;nbsp;secondaries curved in passing toward the borders, at a very acute angle ofnbsp;divergence, parallel.

The exact form of the leaf is not ascertainable; the areolation also is obscure; the divergence of the secondaries, of which there are four to fivenbsp;pairs, is only 25� to 30�.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1189 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Order MYRSINE^.

Tribe EUMYRSINE^.

Myesine ceassa, sp. nov.

PI. LII, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves coriaceous, thickish, lanceolate, rounded in narrowing to the base, entire, jjenninerved; mi drill narrow; secondaries thin, numerous,nbsp;oblique, parallel, or curved and branching in or above the middle, mixed,nbsp;camptodrome; areolation very compact, irregular.

The areolation of these leaves, though copied as exactly as possible, is not distinct. It is comparable to that of some species of Myrsine, as M.nbsp;melanophlea K. Br.^ or M. Urvillei DC.,^ and to M. borealis Heer,� whichnbsp;represents a leaf much smaller, with an areolation less compact than thatnbsp;of the leaves from Kansas. A number of fragments are figured by Heernbsp;(loc. cit.), but all are smaller and more different in appearance from thosenbsp;from Kansas. One is 9�� long, 3.5�quot;� to 4�� broad at the middle; the other,

1

Ettingshausen, Blatt-Skelete der Ditotyledonen, p. 85, Fig. 51.

^Ett., ibid., p. 84, PI. xxxi. Fig. 4.

^Fl. Foss. Arct., vol, tgt;, 2 Abth., p. 81, PI. xxiv. Fig. 7b.

UESCKIPTIOK OF SPECIES.

which is narrowly lanceolate, is 5� long, 1�'quot; broad, and has the secondaries a little more oblique, and altogether the nervation is less distinct and morenbsp;mixed. Though closely allied, the leaves from Kansas differ in form asnbsp;well as in size, as they are evidently ovate-lanceolate. The smaller of tlienbsp;leaves has the secondaries less distant, while those of Fig. 3 have them lessnbsp;regular and modified by ramification at the middle. The angle of divergence of the secondaries is about the same.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2777 of the U. S. National Museum collection.

Mtesinites? Gapdini Lesq.

PI. Lll, Fig. 4.

Ijeat subcoriaceous, with polished surface, entire, oblanceolate or obovate-elongated, gradually eidarged from the base upward, obtuse, sliortnbsp;petioled; mididb narrow; secondaries oblique, curved, camptodrome, andnbsp;incumbent along the borders.

A small leaf, 5.5�� long, 2.5�� broad in the upper part; it has eight pairs of secondaries at an angle of divergence of 40�. The leaf is comparablenbsp;to Myrsine grandis Ung.,^ by the form of the leaf and the character of thenbsp;nervation. The midrib, however, is narrower in the leaf from Kansas, whichnbsp;has tlie petiole destroyed.

Habitat: Kansas.

Order ERICACE^.

Tribe ANDROMEDE^,

Andkomeda Paelatokii Heer.

PI. XIX, Fig. 1; PI. LII, Fig. 6.

Phyll. Cr�t. du N�br., p. 18, PI. i. Fig. .5; FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, No. 2, p. 112, PI. xxxii, Figs. 1,2; vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 79, PI. xxi. Figs, lb, 11; PI. XLII, Fig. 4e; Lesque-reux, Cret. FI., p. 88, PI. xxiii, Figs. 6, 7; PI. xxviii. Fig. 15.

The leaf shown in Fig. 1 is larger than any of those figured by Ileei-; but it has the same characters as those represented in FI. Foss. Arct., vol.nbsp;3, PI. XXXII, Figs. 1, 2. It is introduced here on account of the superposition upon its base of an undeterminable small fragment of a leaf, apparentlynbsp;referable to Myrica.

* Flora von Kumi, PI. xi, Fig. 37.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

The otlier leaf of A. Parlatorii Heer has the same character as that figured in Cret. FL, PL xxm, Fig. 7, a peculiar form which Heer recognizednbsp;as referable to this species which is really very variable. It differs from thenbsp;more common form by the more obtuse apex and the large size of the leafnbsp;at the middle.

Habitat; Kansas. Common.

Andromeda Parlatorii Heer, var. longipolia, n. var,

PI. LXIV, Fig. 19.

May be a different species. The leaves are much longer, KF� to 14�� long, 2�� to 3�� broad, lanceolate, long acuminate. Idie texture is thick,nbsp;coriaceous; the nervation the same as in the normal form of A. Parlatorii,nbsp;as I have figured it in my Cret. FI. (loc. cit.). There are numerous specimens, some of them of tlie normal size.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 662 of the collection of Mr R. D. Lacoe.

Andromeda tenuinbrvis, sp. nov.*

PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 7.

It has the short, enlarged petiole of A. Parlatorii, but the secondaries are very thin, scarcely visible, parallel, equidistant, immersed in the thicknbsp;parenchyma; leaf thick, coriaceous, covered with a parasite, probably a newnbsp;species of Placidium.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1177 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Andromeda Pfaffiana Heer.

PI. XVIII, Figs. 7, 8; PI. LII, Fig. 7.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct, vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 79, PI. xxv, Pig. 6; PI. xxxviii, Figs. 5-7;

PI. XLiv, Pig. 12.

Leaves membranous or subcoriaceous, linear-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the petiole, tapering upward to a long acumen, entire; median nerve narrow, little enlarged near the base; secondaries very thin, partlynbsp;obsolete, more or less distant, parallel and generally opposite, curved upnbsp;towards tlie borders and turned down in reaching the median nerve.

Idle leaves appear very long, at least in comparison to their width none of them being entire. The best preserved one is 14.5�� long and 2

^This specie^ yjras first referred toj.. Parlatorii, but was later regarded as a new species.�F. H. K.

DBSCBIPTIOK OP SPECIES.

broad at the middle; the lateral nerves join the median nerve at an acute angle of 20� to 25�.

The identification of the two leaves figured here with Heer�s species is conclusive, although none of the figures given by Heer are complete, allnbsp;representing leaves broken at the middle. Tlie nervation, form, and sizenbsp;of the leaves as given by Heer (loc. cit., PI. xxxviii. Fig. 5), is exactlynbsp;similar to that of our leaves. Heer describes the leaves as linear, but theirnbsp;facies could not be judged from the fragments which he had for examination.

This is the finest and best preserved specimen of A. Pfaffiana Heer whicli I have seen as yet. It has all the characters of the species as described.

Habitat; Ten miles northeast of Helphos, Kansas. Nos. 4201 and 4202 of tlie collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andromeda Snowii, sp. nov.

PI. XVII, Pig. 16.

Leaves small, coriaceous, entire, regularly lanceolate, broader at the middle, tapering upward at the acute apex and in the same degree downward to the base; primary nerve stout; secondaries parallel, equidistant,nbsp;oblique, 45� of divei�gence, camptodrome.

The leaf, which is 4.5�� long and 1.5�� broad at the middle, is allied in form to A. protogcea Ung., a species commonly represented in the Miocenenbsp;of Europe; but it is still more intimately related to A affinis Lesq.,^ a speciesnbsp;also known by a single leaf, which differs by its punctulate areolation, andnbsp;the narrower, longer, acuminate form. In A. Snowii the secondaries, tliouglinbsp;thicker from the middle of the base, as in A. affinis, ascend higher, curve innbsp;more distinct bows, forming by anastomosis a double series of festooningnbsp;areoles. The apex of the leaf is not acuminate, but rather blunt-pointed,nbsp;and the lower pair of secondaries are close to the borders and follow themnbsp;at a more acute angle of divergence than that of the others above it.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 495 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Andromeda cretacea, sp. eov.

PI. XYII, Pigs. 17, 18; Pi. XXIV, Pig. 5.

Leaf small, membranous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, tapering to the base, entire; median nerve straight; secondaries, nearly equidistant

�Cret. ami �ert. El., p. 6�, El. il, Fig. 5.

THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

and parallel, much curved in coming near tlie borders, wlncb they follow in simple arches; intervals reticulate by thin nervilles.

1^1 le specimens are mere fragments of leaves with the apex destroyed. The form of the leaves and the nervation refer them evidently to somenbsp;species of Ericaceae, being especially in close relation to A. vaccinifolm Ung.,'nbsp;for the size and form of the leaf (Eig. 5), and to A. protogcea Ung., as figurednbsp;(loc. cit., PI. ci. Fig. 26d). The affinity to this last species, even by thenbsp;form of the leaf, is really very close, the difference being merely in tlie lessnbsp;enlarged middle part of the Cretaceous leaves. In Figs. 17 and 18 of ournbsp;Plate XVn the leaves are smaller, the secondaries are more distant, at anbsp;more acute angle of divergence, and form longer bows nearer to the borders.nbsp;Idle fragments may represent a difierent species. But still more strikingnbsp;variations in the angle of divergence of the secondaries, their distance andnbsp;their relative position along the border are often to be observed in leavesnbsp;of the same species of Andromeda.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 548a and 689 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector. No. 4060, from tennbsp;miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas, is of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Andromeda apfinis Lesq.

PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 11.

Oret. and Tert. FI., p. 60, PI. ii. Fig. 5.

A leaf more fragmentary than that in Cret. and Tert. FI. (loc. cit.), bnt with the same characters.

Andromeda linipolia, sp. nov.

PI. LII, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, coriaceous, rigid, equally and gradually naiTowed upward to a long acumen, and decurring downward to a short, slender petiole; midrib narrow; secondaries obsolete, oblique, opposite or alternate, somewhatnbsp;curved and camptodrome.

Tlie leaf is slender, 6�� long, broken near the apex, scarcely I�� broad below the middle, gradually narrowed upward and downward, apparentlynbsp;rigid and solid; surface polished; secondaries parallel.

None of the fossil species of this genus have leaves so rigid, so slender, and so gradually and equally tapering both ways, or so exactly lanceolate-acuminate. In its general form and size the leaf is conq)arable to that of

� Heer iu PI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 7, PI. ci, Pig.

DESORIPTIOK OF SPECIES.

Heer,^ described as A. revoluta Al. Braun, differing especially by the gradually narrowing prolongation upward to a long acumen, and downward to a thin or very narrow, distinct petiole. It is also comparable to A. subpro-togcua Sap. (�tudes, vol. 1, p. 227, PI. viii, Fig. 9).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1210 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Andromeda Wardiana, sp. nov.

PI. LXIV, Fig. 17.

Leaf of thin texture, narrowly elliptical, blunt at apex, narrowed at the base to a short petiole, and entire; median nerve naiTow; secondariesnbsp;thin, oblique, camptodrome.

. This species is similar in the form and size of the leaves to A. vaccini-folia Ung., as figured by Heer in his FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. ci, Fig. 25a. The secondaries are only at a more acute angle of divergence in the American species, The leaf is d.S��* long, 17�� broad at the middle, the petiolenbsp;7�� long, and the angle of divergence of the secondaries nearly 40�.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 304 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Order CAPRIFOLIACE^.

Tribe SAMBUCE^

Viburnum iNiEQuiLAiBRALE, sp. nov.

PI. XXI, Pigs. 2, 3.

Leaves large, subcoriaceous, enlarged and rounded upward from below the middle and dentate, more or less rapidly narrowed to the broadly cune-ate, entire base, irregularly three to five palmately nerved from a littlenbsp;above the basal border; primary and secondary nerves oblique, nearlynbsp;equidistant, the lower much branching outside, all craspedodrome.

The leaves are enlarged in the middle and vary in size from 6�� to 8�� broad, being about 1�� broader than long. The divisions or teeth of thenbsp;borders coivespond to those of the nerves, each of these entering one ofnbsp;the teeth, which are short, at light angles to the borders, separated bynbsp;shallow sinuses of the same type as those often remarked upon the leavesnbsp;of the Dakota Group in species of Grewiopsis, Platanus, Betulites, Aralia,

� El. Tert. Helv. iii, PI. ci, Fig. 24.

THE ELOEA OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP

etc. The primary nerves, two or three, rather alternate than opposite, are mostly equidistant with the secondaries and with the same angle ofnbsp;divergence (30� to 40�), much branching outside, the few lower branchesnbsp;only not corresponding to .teeth, being camptodrome.

The species has a degree of affinity to V. Schmidtimmm Heer', from wliich it differs by the leaves being cuneiform, not rounded at the base, thenbsp;nervation subpalmately trifid, with lateral nerves somewhat more distant.nbsp;The areolation and the form of the leaves are the same.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4192 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

ViBUKNUM UEEWIOPSIDEUM, Sp. noV.

PI. XXI, Fig. 4.

Similar to tlie preceding species; a single leaf, differing by smaller size, thinner texture and equilateral form. The secondaries are less distant, morenbsp;branched, the nervilles connivent at an angle near the borders, with branchesnbsp;passing at right angles from the angular point of union to the borders as innbsp;leaves of Grewiopsis. The teeth are shorter, less marked, separated by flatnbsp;sinuses. This and the preceding species are typical of V. lantanoides andnbsp;V. ellipticum of our present flora.

Habitat: Ellswortli County,'Kansas. No. 834 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Viburnum robustum, sp. nov.

PL XX, Figs. 4-6.

Leaves coriaceous, polished on the surface, entire, oblong, oval or ovate, narrowed downward, slightly decurrent at the very base to a long,nbsp;thick petiole, penniiierved; median nerve tliick, secondaries strong, carap-todrome to brachydrome.

These fine leaves, which are S'�quot; to lO*�quot; long and S'�quot; to O'�quot; broad at the middle, with a thick petiole 2.5'�� to 3'�� long, have a nervation comparable to that of the leaves of Populus mutabilis Heer, which they alsonbsp;resemble by their thick texture. The secondaries, diverging at an angle ofnbsp;30� to 50� from the median nerve, fork at a distance from the borders, theirnbsp;divisions anastomosing in curves forming a double row of marginal areoles.nbsp;This type of nervation is still very marked in some living species ofnbsp;Viburnum, as in V. nudum L., V. Lentago L., and its numerous varieties, and

� �Fiord of Saclialin, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. .5, pt. ;i, p. 4:1, PI. xi, Figs. 4-8.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

in some fossil species, such as F. Strangei Mass^., whose leaves are also coriaceous, strongly nerved but of diverse form; also in V. rugosum Pers.nbsp;(^pliocenicum) Sap. amp; Mar.^

The long, thick petiole of these Cretaceous leaves does not contradict their reference to Viburnum, for V. lantanoides Mx. has leaves with a verynbsp;thick petiole, sometimes as long as 4��, and V. nudum L., which shows thenbsp;same type of nervation and has leaves with petioles 2�� to 2.5�quot;� long; andnbsp;these, winged as they are, would appear, if they were seen compressed innbsp;the fossil state, still thicker than those figured here.

Habitat; Ellswoi�th County, Kansas. Nos. 12, 58, and 59 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

ViBTJENUM ELLSWORTHIANUM, Sp. nov.

PI. XXI, Fig. 6.

A single incomplete leaf, resembling in form, size, and texture the specimen (Fig. 4) of the preceding species. It differs from it by a stronger nervation, the secondaries at unequal distance, simply camptodrome, curving quite near � the borders, less ramose, the nervilles close, nearly at rightnbsp;angles along the median nerve.

Though far different in appearance, the leaf may be a variety of V. rohustum.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 4 of the museum of tlie University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

VlBUENUM LeSQUBBEUXII,^ Sp. DOV.

Very variable in a diversity of characters which it is almost impossible to characterize or consider as specific.

Leaves round or broadly ovate, obtuse, pointed or longer, lanceolate above, round, cordate, subtruncate or slightly narrowed and cuneate at the

' Massalongo-Scarabelli, 1*1. Foss. Senigall., p. 280, Pis. X, xi, Fig. 4.

^Recherches sur les V�g�t. Foss, de Meximieiix, in Arcli. du Mus. d�Hist. Nat. de Lyon, vol. 1, p. 262, PI. XXXI, Figs. 1-3.

^This in Prof. Lesquereux�s manuscript is called �Viburnum dakotense, sp. nov.,� but that name is preoccuiiied by the plant more appropriately so named by himself from the Bad Lands of Dakota innbsp;his Cretaceous and Tertiary Flora, p. 231, PI. xnvi A, Fig. 9. While it seems a pity to disturb thenbsp;name given by himself to so important a species, it is, under the circumstances, a necessity. It shouldnbsp;not, however, bo regarded as .an uumixed evil, since it affords au opportunity to add one more honornbsp;to a name which is appendelt;l to very few species, considering the great number created by him whonbsp;bore it.�L. F. W.

THE FL�EA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

base, more or less distinctly and acutely dentate, penninerved. Midrib thick; secondaries, six to ten pairs, according to the size of the leaf, oblique,nbsp;parallel, equidistant, straight in passing to the borders, the lower pairsnbsp;ramose, with sometimes underneath a thin basilar simple or marginal pairnbsp;of nerves close to the borders.

As I have done for the leaves described as Betulites, I refer most of these to one species, with some variation indicated by an additional name.

All the leaves liave the areas traversed by distinct, simple nervilles, more or less curved at the middle, about at right angles to the secondaries;nbsp;the nervilles become often nearest to the borders, angularly plicate in thenbsp;middle and there joined to a vertical branch tending to the borders. Thenbsp;petiole of these leaves is strong, straight, nearly S'quot;'� to 6�� long, inflated andnbsp;curved at the base as in Betulites; the dentation of the borders is varied,nbsp;the teeth being sometimes sharp and distinct, sometimes scarcely marked.

The leaves considered as essential varieties are figured as follows:

Viburnum Lesqueeeuxii var. commune, n. var.

PI. LIII, Pig. 2.

This is the form the more generally observed. Leaves small, truncate or subcordate at base; basilar nervilles very thin, quite near the borders, andnbsp;simple; teeth of the borders distinct.

Viburnum Lesqubreuxii var. rotundifolium, n. var.

PI. LII, Pig. 8.

Leaves nearly round; teeth regular, small, base broadly cuneiform; secondaries oblique; marginal none.

Viburnum Lesqubreuxii var. cordifolium, n. var.

PI. LII, Fig. 9.

Leaves larger, more or less deeply cordiform at base, obtusely pointed at apex, distinctly dentate; lowest secondaries nearly at right angles, nonenbsp;simple and marginal.

Viburnum Lesqubreuxii var. longufolium, n. var.

PI. LIII, Fig. 1.

Leaves large, cordate at base, long, tapering upwards to the obtusely pointed apex; lower secondaries arched backward in passing to tlie borders,

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

the basilar submarginal. It is an enlarged form of var. 3, with very fine, large leaves.

No. 2701 of the U. S. National Museum collection, from near Fort Marker, Kansas.

Viburnum Lesqubrbuxii var. latius, n. var.

� PI. LII, Fig. 10.

Leaves enlarged, both sides obtuse at apex; coarsely dentate; lower secondaries open with a pair of thin basilar veinlets underneath.

It is apparently a small leaf of the same variety, only differing by the absence of marginal nerves.

Viburnum Lbsquerbuxii var. lanceolatum, u. var. ri, LIII, Fig. 3.

Leaves round, cuneiform at base, of small size, lanceolate pointed, lower secondaries, of which there are two pairs, nearly at right angles,nbsp;simple, marginal; the borders distinctly dentate.

No. 2701J of the U. S. National Museum collection.

Viburnum? Lbsquerbuxii var. ienuifolium, u. var.

PI. LXIV, Fig. 13.

Uncertainly referred to Viburnum. From the other forms of V. Les-quereiixii tlie leaf differs by its thin texture, its oblong-ovate shape, the thin, less deeply marked nervation and the nearly entire borders, the teeth beingnbsp;very small, like those of Betulites Westii, var. subintegrifoVms Lesq. In general characters it is remarkably similar to the figure of Cgrglopsis multiflora,nbsp;given by Saporta in the text to his Flora of Se'zanne (p. 394). It differs bynbsp;its broad diameter, the more open secondaries, and the direction of thenbsp;small border teeth. I rather think the leaf referable to the Hamamelideae.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1186 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Viburnum sphenophyllum, sp. nov.*

PI. LIII, Fig. 4.

Leaves long and narrowed, broadly cuneiform at base, tapering to the pointed apex; distinctly, equally dentate on the borders; longer and

�This species was named �Viburnum cuneatum, n. sp.,� by Prof. Lesquerenx, but this name is preoccupied by the Viburnum cuneatum of Newberry (Foss. PI. from West N. A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. .'i, p. 511). It was therefore necessary to change the name, and I have called it Viburnum spheiio-phyllum.�V. H. K.

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

comparatively narrower; secondaries parallel and all ramose; none simple and basilar; teeth sharply pointed, distinct, mostly equal; surface of thenbsp;leaves smooth.

It is probably a variety of V. Lesqtiereuxii, but it has a peculiar aspect, being equally and distinctly dentate, with secondaries parallel, allnbsp;ramose, the nervilles more distinct. All thesq,forms and many others werenbsp;found at the same localities; none, however, are identical or were found atnbsp;the same place with the leaves described as Betulites.

ViBUKNITES CKASSUS, Sp. nOV.'

PL XLV, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Leaves very thick, coriaceous, round in outline, subcordate or subtruncate and entire at base, denticulate above, triplinerved; nerves thick; lateral primaries open, branching outside with one, rarely two, pairs of loAvernbsp;basilar simple veinlets which are thin and at right angles; secondaries, fournbsp;to five pairs, equidistant and parallel, craspedodrome with their divisions;nbsp;angle of divergence 45to 50�.

These leaves vary in size from 6� to 10�� in both vertical and transverse directions. The borders are denticulate, more distinct, and with more distant teeth, but the kind of border division or dentation is of the samenbsp;character, the small teeth being at right angles to tlie borders, as formed bynbsp;the more or less strong projection of the nerves and of their branches, andnbsp;separated by shallow sinuses. The texture of the leaves is thick and thenbsp;areolation coarse and deeply marked, especially in Fig. 4, a fragment whichnbsp;may perhaps represent a different species, its areolation being evidently innbsp;smaller meshes than in the two other leaves. Fig. 3 has only one basilarnbsp;veinlet on one side, while Fig. 4 has the lateral primaries emerging from thenbsp;base of the lower secondaries and a pair of basilar veinlets. This difference,nbsp;as well as the nearly entire borders of the leaf, renders its reference to thisnbsp;species somewhat uncertain.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4163, 4167, 4168 of the collection of Mr. E. D. Lacoe. No. 839, Fig. 4, of the museumnbsp;of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

�This species was first entered in the manuscript and described under the name of Protopliyllum crassum by Prof. Lesquerenx, but in jiencil the name was changed to Phyllites. In a still later notenbsp;he said: � Omit Protophyllum crassum of PI. XLV, which is a Viburnites. Protophyllum erassnm true isnbsp;a new species described from Laooc�s specimen, No. 1171.�

Protophyllum crassum �true� is fignred from Lacoe�s specimen. No. 1171, on PI. LXXVII, Fig. 4, and also described from the manuscript description of the specimens furnished Mr. Lacoe by Prof.nbsp;Lesqnereux.�F. H. K.

DESCEIPTION OP SPECIES. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;125

ViBITBNITES MASONI, Sp. DOV.

PI. XLV, Fig. 5.

Leaves coriaceous, round', subcordate at the entire base, obtusely slior't-deiitate, subtripahnately nerved; median nerve strong; primary lateral nerve supra-basilar, opposite and oblique like tlie secondaries, which arenbsp;equidistant and parallel to it; basilar primaries two pairs at idght angles,nbsp;the npper branching on the lower side, anastomosing in bows with the lowernbsp;one, quite thin and marginal; secondai�ies compound-craspedodrome, branching and anastomosing toward the borders in. oblique subdivisions, andnbsp;nervilles forming rows of angular meshes.

This leaf differs from Protophyllinn by the characters of the areolation and the subdivisions of the secondaries toward the borders of the leaves,nbsp;whej'e they branch first obliquely, and by the anastomosis of branchletsnbsp;in oblique and even rectangular directions ultimately enter the teeth bynbsp;nervilles, as in species of Glrewiopsis. The leaf is 9�� broad and aboutnbsp;7.5*quot;quot; long, the petiole being broken near the base of the leaf.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 52 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Order CORNACE^.

COKNUS PRAiCOX, Sp. DOV.

PI. xxm. Fig. 5.

Leaves polished on the surface but not thick, elliptical, tapering upward to a long acumen; narrowed in an outward curve to tlie base and decurringnbsp;to a sliort petiole, entire; median nerve rigid; secondaries inequidistant andnbsp;parallel, at an acute angle of divergence, much curved in traversing thenbsp;blade, simple or forking above the middle.

One leaf only of this kind has been found. It is 8*^� long, 3.5*quot;� broad at the middle, somewhat undidate, with seven jpiirs of secondaries at annbsp;angle of divergence of 40�, tliosoof tlie tliree lower and of the upper pah-opposite those of the middle alternate, either simple or forking in parallelnbsp;branches, whidi witli the same degree of curve pass towards the bordersnbsp;and follow them quite near in.long bows.

Tins fine leaf, remarkable for the forking of the secondaries, has a distinct affinity with that described as C. BiicJiii HeeE, being ot the same form,

* Ettingshausea, El. Foss, v. Sagor, pt. 8, p. 22, PI. xiv, Fig. 31,

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

thougli Homewliat smaller, with the same peculiar divisions of the secondaries. It, however, differs from the leaves described by Heer under the same name,^ as well as from those in Ettingshausen�s Flora v. Bilin,^ the secondaries of all these leaves being simple and less curved. It has a distinctnbsp;affinity to G. Forschanimeri Heer,* of Atane (Cenomanian), described alsonbsp;in this volume from specimens obtained at a higher stage of tlie Cretaceous.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 32 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

COKNUS PLATYPHTLLOIDES, Sp. UOV.

PI. LXIV, Fig. 15.

Leaves small, thickish, subcoriaceous or membranous, oval, narrowly obtuse and narrowed to the base, entire; median nerve thick; secondariesnbsp;seven })airs, very oblique, slightly curved in traversing the lamina, parallel,nbsp;subopposite and subequidistant.

The leaf, which is 4�� long and 2*�� broad, has the secondaries diverging from tlie midrib at an angle of 30� and somewhat curved in passing toward the borders, the upper pair aerodrome. The form, size, and modenbsp;of nervation of the leaf, as well as the texture, are so remarkably similar tonbsp;the small leaf of G. platyphjlla Sap.^that it might be considered as identical.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 594 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Nyssa Snowiana, sp. nov.

PI. LII, Fig. 11.

I.ieaves comparatively small, ovate, abruptly contracted to a short acumen, cuneate to the short, thick petiole and slightly decurring to it atnbsp;the base, penninerved; midrib' strong, percurrent, secondai'ies ])arallel, sub-equidistant, camptodrome, curving in traversing the blade, branching in thenbsp;upper part, following quite near the borders in simple areoles.

Tlie leaf, which is 5�� long and 3�� broad at the middle, is entire, and has a petiole long; the secondaries, of whicli there are eight or nine onnbsp;each side, are very distinctly curved in passing toward the borders, whichnbsp;they follow in single bows. It is similar in its facies and character to N.nbsp;europeen Ung.,� being only smaller. A small fruit, striate lengthwise. No.

- ~ ~ quot; �' 1 � � ' quot; ' ...... � � � �

�Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. :3, p. 26, PI. cv, Figs. 6-9. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;��FI. Foss. S�^anne, p. 391, PI. xi, Fig. 9.

^Pt. 3, p. 4, pi. XL, Fig. 32. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^Sylloge, pt. 3, p. 73, PI. xxiii. Pig. 19.

3F1. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 85, PI. xnv. Fig. 13.�

DESCEIPTION OP SPECIES.

1250 of the Snow collection, Is comparable in size, form, etc., to Nyssidium grmnlandicum Heer (hi. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 3, PI. ii. Fig. 18).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 935 of the collection of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Order ARALIACEH5.

Tribe HEDERE^.

Hedera oretaoea, sp. nov.

PI. XYIII, Pig. 1.

Leaves snbcoriaceons, broadly rhomboidal in outline, obtusely trilobate, subcordiform at base; borders undulate between the lobes, entire downward, nervation palmately five divided from the base; lower primarynbsp;nerves simple, short and thin, the upper thick, passing up to the point ofnbsp;the lobes, branching on the lower side and forking; secondaries four pairs,nbsp;opposite, short, equidistant, and parallel with the upper primaries.

The only leaf seen of this species is 7�� long, 8.5� broad between the points of the lobes, which are shoi�t and obtuse. The lower secondaries arenbsp;thick, forking at the apex and becoming effaced before reaching the borders,nbsp;being, however, apparently camptodrome like the branches of the primaries.

The species has points of relation first with the living H. Helix L., by its form, being, however, less deeply cordiform at the base, and by its nervation, which is five-nerved from the base in the living species, which has alsonbsp;four j^airs of opposite secondaries, all dividing before reaching the borders.nbsp;Of fossil species this leaf is related to H Strozzii Gaud.,^ of the Miocene;nbsp;to H. aiiricidata Heer,^ with, however, a marked difference in some of thenbsp;characters.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Uelphos, Kansas. No. 4029 of the collection of Mr. R. I). Lacoe.

Hedera microphylla, sp. nov.

PI. XVIII, Pigs. 2, 3.

Leaves broadly rhomboidal, obscurely trilobate, palmately trinerved from the base, obtuse and obtusely undulate-lobate above; secondaries two

' Gaudin et Strozzi, Contrih., pt. 1, Feuilles de la Toscane, p. 37, PI. xU, Figs. 1-3.

^Fl. Foss. Alask., p. :56, PI. ix, Fig. 6.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

pair.s, opposite and equidistant, craspedodrome, brandies of tlie lateral ])rimaries camptodroine.

The leaves on which the species is based have nearly the same characters as the large leaf (Fig. 1,) appearing really as a diminutive form of the same species. As seen by the figures, the difference in size is very great;nbsp;but it is quite as marked between Figs. 3 and 2 as between this and Fig. 1.nbsp;Essential differences are seen in the thickness of the lateral primary nervesnbsp;and in the texture of the leaves, which is much thicker in f^ig. 1 than innbsp;Figs 2 and 3, and in the emarginate apex of these two last-mentioned leaves.nbsp;In spite of tliese differences the value of this last species may remainnbsp;doubtful, for Figs. 2 and 3 closely imitate the nervation of Fig. 1, as bothnbsp;of these leaves have a thin lateral nerve on one side, wliile that of Fig. 1nbsp;has two,_ a difference caused by the reduced size of the leaves.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4026' (Fig. 2) and 4053a (Fig. 3) of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Hbdera platanoidea Lesq.

Cret. andTert. FI., p. 65, PI. iii, Figs. 5, 6; Hayden^s Aun. Rept., 1874, p. 351, PI. in,

Fig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, siibreniform, broader than long, rounded or obtusely lobate at apex; abruptly narrowed or obliquely subtruncate at base; threenbsp;nerved from a short distance above the base; lateral primaries curving,nbsp;nearly parallel to the borders, anastomosing by thick branches and nervillesnbsp;with marginal veinlets underneath; secondaries few, flexuous, irregularlynbsp;branched, curving along the borders and anastomosing above, entering thenbsp;teeth directly or by short veinlets, or slightly marked denticulations of thenbsp;borders.

The reference of the fragments figured here to the species described in Cret. and Tert. FI. (loc. cit.) is authorized by the identity of the nervationnbsp;which, though extremely mixed and variable, is easily recognized.

Habitat; Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4174 (Fig. 4) and 4021 (Fig. 5) of the collection of Mr. R. U. Lacoe.

DESCKIP�iON OE SEEOIES.

IlKDERA ORBIOULA�A (Heer) Lesq.

PI. XVII, Figs. 12-14.

Ghondrophyllum orbiculatum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 115, PI. xxxi, Fig. 3c,

Reconstructed PI. xxxii, Fig. 13.

Leaves coriaceous, nearly round or reniform, entire or subemarginate at apex; secondaries numerous, the three lower pairs nearly joined at theirnbsp;base, much branching, camptodfome; areolation in large, quadrangular ornbsp;polygonal meshes formed by the irregular subdivision of the nervilles.

The leaves vary from 2.,5�� to 5�� in length, being nearly as broad, sometimes even more enlarged horizontally and subemarginate at apex, asnbsp;in Fig. 12. Heer had only fragments of these, leaves for reconstructionnbsp;and none of the fragments give a representation of the apex. One of ournbsp;leaves (Fig. 14) appears constricted and lobed at apex. This, however,nbsp;may be a mere casual deformation, though the borders of the sinuses arenbsp;partly distinct. This last form is like a transition between this and the following species. The petiole is from 6�� to 17�quot;� long and a little enlargednbsp;at the point of attachment. This species is closely related to H. parvulanbsp;Ward and H. minima Ward (Types of the Laramie Flora, p. 57, PL xxvi,nbsp;Figs. 4 and 5.)

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 756, 783, and 816 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Hedera ovalis Lesq.

PI. XVII, Fig. 15.

Cret. Fl., p. !)1, PI. xxv. Fig. 3; PI. xxvi. Fig. 4.

Ghondrophyllum Nordenskwldi f Heer, Fi. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 114, PI. xxxii,

Figs. 11, 12; PI. XXX, Fig. 4b.

Ijcaves coriaceous, entire, oval, obtuse, narrowed to the petiole, penni-nerved; median nerve stout; secondaries alternate, irregular in distance, closer towards the base, much branched, camptodrome; areolation in largenbsp;polygonal or quadrangular meshes.

This leaf has the same characters of nervatioiij also the same form and size, as that figured in Cret. FL, PL xxv (loc. cit). As the details of nervation are extremely well preserved and distinct, it has been possible to represent it more exactly. It can not be positively assert�d that the leaf isnbsp;referable to Heer�s Ghondrophyllum Nordenski�ldi (loc. cit.), which is merelynbsp;represented in fragments. The leaf reconstructed by Heer (loc. cit., PLnbsp;MON XVII-9

THE ELOHxi OE THE DAKOTA OKO�P.

xxxii, Fig. 12) (li�eivs by its smaller size, the secondaries being less numerous, at a more acute angle of divergence with few branches, and a different general aspect. The reference, however, of all these leaves to Hedera isnbsp;authorized by their affinity to s})ecies of the genus; in nervation, to H. Helixnbsp;L., in the form of the leaves and characters of the secondary nervation andnbsp;areolation to H. cuneifolia from Cuba, and especially to H. Gmidichaudi Gray,nbsp;of the Spanish Islands.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 824 of the collection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Hedeba dbctjbrens, sp. nov.

PL KVIll, Pig. 6.

Leaves subcoriaceous, small, subcordate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, entire, declining at base and decurring along the short petiole; nervation tritid fromnbsp;the top of the petiole; lateral primaries much branching; the secondaries at anbsp;great distance above the primaries, consisting of three parallel pairs, archednbsp;and forking near the borders, subcraspedodrome, vanishing in reaching thenbsp;borders.

The leaf is 33�� long and as broad above the rounded base; the primary and secondary nerves at the same angle of divergence of 45�; the lower pair of secondaries three times as distant from the primaries as fromnbsp;the upper secondaries above, leaving between them a wide space of 17��nbsp;without nerves, except a short, thiii one, marked on one side oidy in thenbsp;middle of the space.

The species is comparable to H. platanoidea Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. EL, p. 65, PI. II, Figs. 5, 6), and is still more closely related in form and nervation to ��. aurwidata Heer (FI. Foss. Alask., p. 36, PI. ix. Pig. 6), from whichnbsp;it differs especially by the absence of a basilar marginal nerve and in thenbsp;nervation being less distinctly camptodrome. This leaf is also comparablenbsp;to that of Myrsim antiqua Ung. (Sylh, pt. 3, p. 20, PI. vii, I'ig. 7), the formnbsp;of the leaf with the winged petiole being the same, but the nerves of ournbsp;species are more curved and distinctly camptodrome.

The decurrent base of the petiole is not seen in any of the species above quoted.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4031 of the collection of Mr. R. I). Lacoe.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

Tribe ARALIE.^�.

Aralia FORMOSA Heer.

FI. V. Moletein, p. 18, PI. viii, Fig. 3; Lesqaereux, Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 60, PI. xi.

Figs. 3, 4.

Aralia Sapor�anea Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 61, PI. viii. Figs. 1, 2; PI. ix, Figs. 1, 2. Hayden�s Ann. Rept.,

1874, p. 350, PI. I, Figs. 2, 2a.

Aralia Saportanba Lesq., var. dbforma�A, n. var.

PI. XXIII, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves small, palmately five lobate, lobes deformed, narrow, mostly entire.

In Fig. 1 the median nerve is partly abortive or reduced to half its length and width; while the lateral ones are nearly entire and equal. Innbsp;Fig. 2 the lateral lobes are short, obtuse on one side of the leaf, longer andnbsp;dentate on the other, and with secondaries obsolete. Comparing these leavesnbsp;to those of the normal forms (loc. cit), one sees easily that the differencesnbsp;in the characters of these leaves is the result of casual deformation.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. Museum of the University of Kansas.

ARALIA WELLINGTONIANA, Sp. nOV.

PI. XNI, Fig. 1; PI. XXII, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves large, coriaceous, palmately three or five lobed, narrowed in an inward curve to a prolonged base, decurriiig to the petiole; lobes long,nbsp;oblong-lanceolate, abruptly pointed, sharply equally dentate from above thenbsp;base, the teeth turned outside or slightly upward, separated by shallownbsp;sinuses; primary nerves broad and flat; secondaries more or less oblique,nbsp;slightly curving or nearly straight in passing to the borders, entering thenbsp;teeth, craspedodrome, mostly simple; areolation distinctly reticulate, innbsp;irregularly quadrate or polygonal meshes.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

Tlie leaves, which are 15�� to 16�� long, excluding the petiole, vary of course in width according to the number of lobes and their divergence fromnbsp;the median nerve, which in most of the specimens that I have seen averagesnbsp;35�. The lobes are a little broader in the middle, slightly narrowing tonbsp;the sinuses, 7�� to 10�� long, and from 2�� to 3�� broad at the middle. The

THE EL�EA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

separate lobe (PI. XXII, Fig. 5) lias the teeth much largei*, more turned upward, appearing also of a thicker texture.

Tlie species is so remarkably similar to A. Saportanea Lesq.^ that at first sight it appears.identical. It differs, however, by the coriaceous texturenbsp;of the leaves, the reticulate areolation, the larger teeth, the more or less upwardly turned secondaries, which are not curved or camptodrome, but runnbsp;straight to the teeth and enter them; the base of the leaf is longer, decurrent, and the lobes more abruptly or obtusely pointed.

Habitat: Cameiro, Ellsworth County, Jkansas. Nos. 14, 14a, b, c, of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by Mr. A. Wellington,nbsp;to whom this fine species is dedicated.

Aralia. Towneri Lesq.

PI. XXIII, Figs. 3, 4; PI. XXXI, Fig. 1.

Hayden�s Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 349, PI. iv, Eig. 1; Cret. and Tert. FI., p. G2, PI. vi, Fig. 4.

As yet the species is known only by fragmentary specimens which do not sufficiently exhibit the essential characters. What is known of it andnbsp;observed upon the fragments figured (one representing a small leaf, thenbsp;other a large one, fpiite as large if not larger than that figured in Cret. andnbsp;Tert. FI., loc. cit.; the third, PI. XXXI, of middle size) is that the leaves arenbsp;subcoriaceous, polished on the surface, irregularly palmately five lobednbsp;from below the middle, narrowly cuneate to the base; the lobes entire, lan-'ceolate obtuse; the primary lateral nerves forking at a distance above thenbsp;base and the secondaries open, variable in distance, very muclrcurved innbsp;passing toward the borders, camptodrome, with nervilles rarely distinct andnbsp;at right angles to the nerves. The lateral primaries evidently join thenbsp;median nerve as supra-basilar.

Fig. 3 represents a fraganent of a small leaf, probably referable to this species. It seems to have a degree of relation to the Tertiary leaf, alsonbsp;fragmentary, of A. Tschulymensis Heer (FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 42,nbsp;PI. XIII, Fig. lb).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 73 of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

�Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 61, PI. vm, Figs. 1, 2; PI. ix, Figs. 1, 2.

133

DESCEIPTIOK OP SPECIES.

Aealia Masoni, sp. nov.

PI. XV, Fig. 4.

Leaf subcoriaceous, palmately 3 to .5 lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, entire, long and narrow; primary nerve rio-ij ^toutnbsp;percurreut; secondaries numerous, parallel, obli({ue, and curvednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

Tlie species is represented by a fragment, two lobes, finely preserved showing part of an apparently palmately five-divided leaf The lobes arenbsp;7cra gem 2'^quot;' broad in tlie middle or less, and are gradually narrowednbsp;from the middle downward to narrow obtuse sinuses and ujnvard to thenbsp;apex (broken), which is either acute or acuminate. The lateral nerves arenbsp;close, Squot;quot;quot; to distant, oblique, at an angle of divergence of 50� some-^vdiat curved in passing toward the borders.

As far as can be seen from the fragment the species is closely related by nervation and also by length and width of the lobes to A. angustilobanbsp;Lesq.,� a species from the Upper Miocene of the auriferous gravels of California. By the shape of the lobes, their close disposition and narrownbsp;sinuses, the species is comparable to A. Jorgenseni Heer,^ from Unartoknbsp;Greenland where it is associated with Laurus primigenia Ung, Viburnumnbsp;marginatum Lesq., etc. Heer�s species is represented by a trilobate leafnbsp;only, and the secondary nervation is totally obsolete. Hence, though thenbsp;form, size, and relative position of the lobes are really the same as in thenbsp;fragment figured here, it is not possible to identify the species.

Habitat: Ten jniles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4063 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

ABAIilA SUBEMABOINATA Lesq. PI. XV, Fig. 3.

Cret. and Tert. PI., p. 63.

Leaf large, coriaceous, palmately five-lobate; lobes short, rounded and emarginateat apex; primary nerves in three pairs, supra-basilar, tlie lateralnbsp;ones forking at a short distance from their base; secondaries camptodromenbsp;distant, much curved in passing toward the borders, which they follow morenbsp;or less distantly, anastomosing in arclies.

Tliis fine leaf, which measures 17� horizontally and 9� vei'tically is palmately five lobate, witli the lateiaal primary nerves alternate at base

' Mem. of the Museum of Comp, Zool., vol. G, pt. 2, PI. v, Figa. 4 5.

*F1, Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 116, PI. ci, Fig. 1.

THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

forking a little above it. Tlie lobes are enaarginate at apex, entire, short and separated by naiTow, obtuse sinuses; tlie median nerve, wlxicli is continued from the petiole, is 3quot;'� thick, the lateral about lialf as strong. Tlienbsp;secondaries are tliick at base, much curved in passing to the borders andnbsp;branch and anastomose near them, either Avitli brandies of those above ornbsp;with long, continuous nervilles at right angles to tlie primaries; the areolesnbsp;formed by subdivisions at right angles of the nervilles are nearly square,nbsp;somewhat large.

This leaf is as yet Avithout recognized affinity, except Avith the leaves described in my Cret. FI., p. 56, Tl. ii. Figs. 1-3; PI. xxiv. Fig. 2; PI. xxix.nbsp;Fig. 8, as Liquidamhar integrifolium; and especially Avith the small fragmentnbsp;referred to Sassafras cretaceimi NeAvb., A-ar. oUusifolmm Lesip (loc. cit.), PI.nbsp;XXIX, Fig. 9. From these leaves, hoAvever, it differs greatly in the nervation,nbsp;the pi�imaries being supra-basilar and the secondaries distinctly cainpto-drome, as in certain species of Aralia.

Habitat; Three miles south-southeast of Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 810 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Abalia gkcenlandioa Heer.

PI. LIV, Figs. 1-3.

PI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 84, PL xxxvin. Fig. 3; PL xxxix, Fig. 1; PLxlvi,

Figs. 16,17.

Leaves generally large, coriaceous, with smooth surface, five neiwed from tlie top of the petiole, generally a little above the basil borders of thenbsp;leaves, trilobate; base truncate and rounded, declining to tlie petiole;nbsp;lobes equal, obtuse or apiculate, entire or sometimes sliort obtusely lobate;nbsp;even broadly emarginate at apex, separated by half round, broad sinuses.

The leaves Amry from 7�� to 12'�� in diameter between the apices of the lateral lobes, and from 6�� to KT� in length from the top of the petiole tonbsp;the apex of the median lobe; the lateral nerves diverge from the top of thenbsp;jietiole, the loAvest thinner, sinqile or ramose underneath, and curve alongnbsp;the entire borders or enter a short obtuse lobe; the upper ones are ramosenbsp;on both sides, liaA'e their branches camptodrome, and are much curved innbsp;folloAving the borders.

There is some difference in the characters of the leaves referable to this species as compared to those figured by Heer in FI. Foss. Arct. (loc.nbsp;cit.). The form, size, and texture are alike, liut in Heer�s figure the iirirnarynbsp;neiwes are onl}^ three in PI. xxxvin, l^ig. 3, the lateral supra-basilar, the

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

lobes entire, while in PL xxxix, Fig. 1, the nerves are five and the lobes narrower, the lateral trilobate along the base. Tliis indicates a dispositionnbsp;of the leaves to become casually lobate. In Heer (loc. cit.), PI xxxixnbsp;Fig. 3 is referred to Platanus recurvafa Lesq. It is a trilobate leaf fivenbsp;nerved, with the lobe.s entire, which really appears to be referable to Aralianbsp;grosnlandica.

Fig. 3 has some real analogy with my figure of A. emarginata of our PI. XV, Fig. 4, which is referable as a variety perhaps of wliat I liave formerly considered as Liquidambar integrifoliim. It is, in fact, different, especially in the presence in tliis variety of two or even three pairs of basilarnbsp;nerves parallel to each other. But there is, nevertheless, a distinct affinitynbsp;showing it to be a continuation of the same type under a form somewhatnbsp;different.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. Fig. 2, PI. LXVI, is No. 2741 of the U. S. National Museum.

Aealia berbeeidifolia, sp. nov.

PL XVI, Fig. 11.

A small coriaceous leaf or leaflet, palmately five-lobed from the middle; lobes oblong, rounded at apex to an abrupt sliarply cuspidate point, separated by obtuse sinuses; primary nerves three, from above the base, lateralnbsp;forking.

No traces of secondaries or areolation are observable upon the surface of this small leaf, which is only 2.5'�'* long, 2*�quot; broad between the apices ofnbsp;the lateral lobes, ddie middle one is 15quot;*'quot; long above the sinus, 5quot;�quot; broad,nbsp;the lateral gradually smaller.

I do not know of any fossil species to which this one can be compared. Its five-palmate division refers it to the genus Aralia, liowever, of wliichnbsp;many species are described from the Dakota Grroup. By its hard, coriaceousnbsp;texture and the. form of its sharply cuspidate lobes, it may be compared tonbsp;species of Berberis, such as B. trifoUolata of Texas, whose leaflets, tliouglinbsp;o-enerally trilobed, are sometimes five lobed and cuueate at the base. Thenbsp;(j-enus Berberis is represented in the Miocene flora of Europe by five species,nbsp;two of them of doubtful affinity, the others with linear leaflets withoutnbsp;relation to this fossil leaf from Kansas.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 527 of the collection of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

TldE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Aealia quinquepartita Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 90, PI. xv, Fig. 6.

Aealia tenuinebvis Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 63, PI. Tii, Fig. 4.

Aealia eadiata Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 64, PI. vit. Figs. 2, 3.

Aealia oonoeeta Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 349, PI. iv. Figs. 2, 3, 4; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 64, PI.

IX, Figs. 3-5.

Order MYRTACE^.

Tribe MYRTE^.

Myrtophyllum Warderi, sp. nov.

PI. LTII, Fig. 10.

A fragmentary leaf, snbcoriaceous, with borders entire, gradually narrowing towards the base, there joining the base of the midrib, enlarged into abroad, short petiole or decurriiig to it; secondaries oblique, proximate,nbsp;joined at apex to a marginal nerve following to the borders and undulate,nbsp;separated by simple, parallel tertiaries.

Of this species there is only the fragment figured. It is part of a leaf enlarging gradually upward from a short, tliick petiole; like a regular bladenbsp;broken 8�' from the base, where it is enlarged to 2'�quot;. The secondaries arenbsp;oblique and straight, diverging 30� from the midrib, and are joined nearnbsp;the borders to a marginal nerve and generally separated by a single tertiarynbsp;which is parallel, shorter and not connected with the marginal nerve. Thenbsp;nervation of the leaf is therefore comparable to that of some species ofnbsp;Eucalyptus of New Holland; E. floribunda Endl. and E. acerviila Sieb. arenbsp;both represented in Ettingshausen�s Blattskelete der Dicotyledonen, p. 203.nbsp;Myrtophyllum pulchrtim Saporta (Monde des Plantes, p. 356, Fig. 113), hasnbsp;leaves much like those of this Cretaceous species. Saporta compares itsnbsp;leaves to those of M. Geinitzi Heer (Kreideflora von Moletein, p. 22, PI.nbsp;XI, Figs. 2, 3).

Habitat; Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2754 of the �. S. National Museum.

DBSOEIPTION OF SPECIES.

Eugenia primjeva, sp. nov.

PI. LUI, Figs. 3-9.

Leaves small, coriaceous, elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse, gradually narrowed to short narrow petiole; midrib nairoiv; secondai�ies very oblique thin, the lower pair opposite, a short distance above the base, aseendiimnbsp;nearly parallel to the borders; those above alternate, more curved in pass*^nbsp;ing toward the borders, simple, camptodj-ozne.

The leaves are referable to this genus by all their charactei-s and are comparable to those of 7f. haringiana Ung. (FI. von Sotzka, p. 52, PI. xxxvnbsp;Fig. 19). The}^ vary from 4.5�� to 8�� in length, including a short petiolenbsp;6quot;�quot; to 8�quot;� long; the divergence of the secondaries is 20� to 30� from thenbsp;midrib.

The leaf shown in Fig. 9 is larger, has a broader flat midrib, and the secondaries are more open. It may be a different species, though I provisionally named it var. valicla. It is more closely related to E. haringiananbsp;Ung. as figured by Heer in FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. cniv. Fig. 13.

Habitat: Probably all near Fort Harker, Kansas. Figs. 6, 7 8 are all numbered 2693 in the U. S. National Museum.

Tribe LEPTOSPERMEv�:.

EUCALYPTUS niKOTENSIS, sp. nOV.

PI. XXXVII, Figs. 14-19.

Leaves coriaceous, linear, or gradually narrowed from an obtuse apex to the base, decurring into a short, alate petiole; borders recurved, mediannbsp;nerve strong; secondaries thin, oblicpie, proximate, parallel, camptodrome.

The species is represented bj^ numerous fragments of very thick leaves, about U� broad and at least 8�quot; long; the borders are sometimes stronglynbsp;recurved as in Fig. Hr, sometimes flat as in Fig. 19, and judging fromnbsp;the frao-ment (Fig. 14) the leaves are obtuse at apex. The median nervenbsp;is^diick, especially so on the lower surface, as in Fig. 19, where the flattened borders are seen decurring along the median nerve at base andnbsp;thus bordering the short, margined petiole. The secondaries, which arenbsp;gmo, to 4quot;�� distant at the base, traverse the blade at an angle of divergencenbsp;of 30� to 40�, and, curving close to the borders, form by their crossingnbsp;simple incumbent bows, like a marginal nerve, distinctly seen only on thenbsp;lower de of tl.e leaves or of the fragroente^

The species is intimately related to E. Gemitzi Heer, described below,

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

the leaves of which are generally much larger. Heer considers his species as the equivalent of Myrtophylhim (^Eucalyptus) Geinitd of the Kreidetl. v.nbsp;Moletein, p. 22, PI. xi, Figs. 3, 4, represented by two leaves not any larger,nbsp;2.5�� long, and tapering to an acnraen, Avith the base not decurrent, butnbsp;naiTOwed to a short, naked petiole. These material ditferences preAmnt tlienbsp;identification of tlie Kansas leaAms with those of Moletein and Greenland,nbsp;thougli the relation is Amry close.

E. dakotensis is also comparable to E. anyusta Velenovsky,^ but differs by the base of the leaves decnrriTig and apparently obtuse.

Habitat: EllsAvorth County, Kansas. Nos. 53, 108, (574, 685, 710 of tlie museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington and E. P. West,nbsp;collectors.

Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer.

PL XXXVII, Fig. 20.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 0, 2 Abth., p. 93, PI. xix, Fig. Ic; PI. XLV, Figs. 4-9, fruits; PI.

XLVI, Figs. 12c, d, 13.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; narrowed to the apex and to the base; median nerAm stout; secondaries at an acute angle ofnbsp;divergence, confluent Avith tlie marginal nerve.

There is only a fragment of a leaf, which, hoAvever, distinctly represents Heer�s species, especially as figured on PI. xix, Fig. Ic, for the size of the leaves, the direction of the secondaries and their confluence Avith anbsp;mai�ginal neiwe, and on PI. xlau. Fig. 12c, tor the areolation in largenbsp;meshes formed by undulate nerAulles cut at right angles by thin, intermediate tertiaries.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 775 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Gat.listemophyi.lum Heerit Ett.

PI. XXXVIll, Fig. 8.

Kreidetl. v. Xiederschoena, p, 27, PI. lit. Pig. 13.

Leaves small, coriaceous, entire, linear-lanceolate, acute at base, narrowed to the apex; jirimary neiwe strong; secondaries A'ery thin and close, at an acute angle of divergence.

The above is the description as given by Heer. The leaf from Kansas has exactly the same form as that from Niederschoena, being somewhat

'Flora der bOhniischeu Kreideformation, pt. 4, p. 3, PI. ill, Figs. 2-12.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES.

twisted or inclined to one side, without trace of nervation, onlj slightly broader at the middle. I believe, therefore, that both these leaves repre-.sent the same species, though their true generic relation remains uncertain,nbsp;ddie thickness, the form, and the size of these leaves seem to refer them tonbsp;the Myrtacere. As no trace of the secondary nerves are marked upon thenbsp;figure of the leaf by Ettingshausen (loc. cit.), it is probable that the nervation is described by the author of C. melaleucceforme Ett. of Haring, whichnbsp;he compares to his species.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 702 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. 1�. West, collector.

Order HAMAMELTDEHii.

Hamamrlitbs TENUiNERvrs Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 70.

Hamamblitbs qtiadkangulaeis Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 355; Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 70.

Alnites quadrangularis Lesq., Cret. PL, p. 62, PL iv. Pig. 1.

Hamambli'I'es kansaseantis Lesq.

Hayden�s Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 355, PL vir, Fig. 4; Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 70, PI. iv,

Fig. 5.

Alnus Kamasecma Lesq., Cret. PL, p. 62, PL xxx. Fig. 8.

A larger leaf than that figured under this name in the Cret. and Tert. El., Ul. iv. Fig. 5. The form of tlie leaf and characters of nervationnbsp;are the same. But it is doubtful if these two leaves,* though the base isnbsp;rounded and connivent under the midrib, can be referred to the Hamame-lidete. Species of Quercus, such as Q. latissima, Hosius Paleoutogr. vol, 17,nbsp;FI. xni, Fig. 11, and Q, tvesf/alica Hoslns, amp; v. d. Marck, Westfal, Kreidedora,nbsp;FI. XXIX, have some analogous characters.

llAMAMELITES QUEKOIFOLltlS Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 71.

Hamameli�es? coBDATtTg Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 71, PL TV, Pig. 3.

THE ELOEA OE THE DAKOTA GEO�P.

Pabrotia? Winchelli, sp. nov.

PI. XXTX, Eigs. 5, 6.

Leaves coriaceous, of rough, undulate surface, rliomboidal, acute, broadly wedgeform at base, long-petioled, entire, penninerved or subtripli-nerved; primary and secondary nerves thin, rigid, craspedodrome, simple ornbsp;with few branches.

The leaves, of which there are two of the same form, vary from to gem length, and from 5�� to 6.5�� in width, the petiole, which is preservednbsp;in the largest of them, measuring 5.5��, though still apparently broken atnbsp;base. The secondaries, of which there are four to six pairs, are parallel,nbsp;the lowest supra-basilar, equidistant, diverging from the median nerve at annbsp;angle of 40�, thin, straight in passing to the borders; the two lowest pairsnbsp;only with a few branches; nervilles mostly simple, at right angles to thenbsp;secondaries.

The relation of these leaves is not positively ascertained. The character of their nervation relates them to the genus PaiTotia, by a degree of affinity with P.pristina Ett. (Flora v. Bilin pt. 2, PI. xxxix. Fig. 23 and pt. 3,nbsp;p. 4, PI. XL, Figs. 24, 25). But according to the description of the speciesnbsp;by the German author the leaves are cordate-ovate, undulate, or sinuate,nbsp;obtuse, truncate, emarginate at base, characters far different from those ofnbsp;the Kansas leaves.

Habitat: Minnesota; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 102 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Parkotia orandidbnta�a, sp. nov.

PI. XXXIX, Eigs. 2-4.

Leaves subcoriaceous, not very thick, petioled, rhomboidal in outline, rounded in narrowing to the base and entire to the middle, subtruncate ornbsp;narrowed to the apex; deeply, obtusely dentate-lobed above; median nervenbsp;strong; secondaries opposite, consisting �f three to four pairs, curved innbsp;ascending upward and each entering one of tlie teeth, craspedodrome,nbsp;simple, the lower supra-basilar; nervilles simple, somewhat flexuous,nbsp;parallel, at right angles to the nerves.

The leaves are from 7�� to 10�

between the apices of the lateral lobes. They are ovate from the base to the middle, and there deeply dentate in narrowing to the apex; each of thenbsp;secondaries, which are sim])le, parallel and arched in tlie same degree, enter-

DESOIilPTI�N OF SPECIES.

ing one of the teeth. The iiervilles, mostly obsolete, are seen especially at their point of union to the secondaries.

I do not find anj^ other relation with these leaves than with the genus Parrotia. F. pristina Ett.,� has a marked degree of analogy witli these leavesnbsp;and with those of the preceding species. A distant affinity is also remarkednbsp;with the leaves figured on PI. XXXIV, Figs. 4, 7, 8, described as Acerites.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. Nos. 4078c and 4081 of the collection of Mr. E. D. Lacoe.

Parrotia Canfieldi, sp. nov.^

PI. XXX, Pig. 6.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, long-petioled, rhomboidal-ovate, palmately trinerved from near the base; primary and secondary nerves thick, craspe-dodrome; secondaries four pairs; nervilles deeply marked, simple or forking at the middle.

This is a beautiful leaf, preserved entire, 7.5'�� long, 6'�� broad in the middle, with a petiole nearly 2'�� long. The texture of the leaf is thick, itsnbsp;surface shining. Its apex is rather obtuse and slightly emarginate by thenbsp;pressure of the excurrent strong midrib. The secondaries are nearly asnbsp;strong as the primaries and pass like these straight to the borders, beingnbsp;mostly simple or without branches, the branches only of the lateralnbsp;primaries being camptodrome.

The leaf is, in its aspect, like those of some species of Populus, a genus from which it differs evidently by the few secondaries, wliich are straight,nbsp;parallel to the primai�ies, not curved at all in traversing the blade, not ramosenbsp;and distinctly craspedodrome. It seems at first related essentially to Parrotia, being comparable to P. pristim Ett.,^ the leaves of which are undulate-dentate and the nervation less distinctly palmately ternate. But itsnbsp;affinity is more marked with species of Hedera, like Hedera platamideanbsp;Lesq.,'* tlie leaves of whicli, also of coriaceous texture, merely differ bynbsp;their truncate base, the supra-basilar disposition of the lateral primaries,nbsp;the secondaries being thin and ramose.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 7 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by Mr. S. N. Canfield, for whom it is named.

rpiora V. Bilin, ,.t. 3, p. 4, PI. xxxix, Fig. 2:5; PI. xl, Figs. 24, 25.

2 This species was first described under Hedera, but m a snbsecment note was cliaiiged to Parrotia. The remarks on its affinities, which were made while it was retained under Hedera, are here reproduced in their original form.�F. H. K.

3Flora V. Bilin, pt. 3, p. 4, PI. xxxix. Fig. 23; PI. XL, Figs. 24, 25.

mret. and Tert. FI., p. 65, PI. Lll, Figs. 5, 6.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order liOSACEiE.

Tribe POME^.

Crat^gus latjrenciana, sp. nov.

PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 1.

Leaves large, obovate, rounded at apex, attenuate at base into a broadly margined petiole; siinj^ly dentate; primary nerve narrow; upper secondaries very oblique, ramose, the lower gradually more open, nearly at rightnbsp;angles, simple and curved up in the wing of the petiole.

A beautiful leaf of somewhat thin (not coriaceous) textin-e, 12.5��long including the long decurring base, 7*�� broad in the upper part. The middlenbsp;secondaiies, at an angle of 20� to 30� of divergence, are much branchednbsp;outside in parallel, simple or ramose tertiaries; the lower are simple, gradually more open and less distant, becoming camptodrome in the wing of thenbsp;petiole where they follow the borders in areoles. The teeth are blunt, short,nbsp;simple, slightly turned upward and separated by shallow sinuses.

This species has, in the fossil plants, an intimate relation with (7. antiqua Tleer,^ from which it differs in the borders, the nearly round upper part ofnbsp;the leaf, the broad^ prolonged, decurrent base nerved in its whole length, thenbsp;shorter, more distant teeth, etc. It may be compared also to C. aria L. var.nbsp;Perollana Gaud.^ Its nearest affinity is, however, with the leaves of somenbsp;varieties of the living North American C. tomentosa L., which have a margined })etiole, with the bordering lamina quite as large as in the Cretaceousnbsp;species and nerved in its whole length.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 750 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

CRAT.EGUS TENUIUERVIS, Sp. UOV.

PI. LIY, Figs. 5-7.

Leaves oblong-ovate, dentate all around, once lobate at base, narrowed into a long petiole; midrib thki; lateral primaries slightly curved back,nbsp;branching on both sides, prolonged to the apex of the lobes; secondariesnbsp;simple or ramose, about equidistant, oblique, straight and parallel, endingnbsp;in the large teeth.

This species is closely allied to the preceding, especially differing by its thinner texture, the dentate borders, and in being only one, lobed at base.

' Fl. Foss. Arot., vol. 1, p. 125, PI. i, Figs. 1, 2.

^Gaudin et Strozzi, Contrib., pt. 4, p. 26, PI. vii. Figs. 5, 6.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

Fig. 5, which is a form of the same, is comparable to Crataegus atavina Heer,� of the Patoot Flora, which merely differs by the obtuse teeth. 1 have seennbsp;in the herbarium some young shoots of G. spatJmlata Michx., with theirnbsp;stipules, joined by their sides when dried and compressed; these stipulesnbsp;looked like a round appendage, super})osed u})on the base by oblanceolatenbsp;leaves, passing above them and presenting, if not tlie same form (the leaves,nbsp;being oblanceolate), at least an appearance of about the same character asnbsp;this leaf.

Habitat; Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2699 of the U. S. National Museum.

Crat^uus Lacoei, sp. nov.

PI. LXIV, Fig. 14.

Leaves small, oval, apparently obtusely pointed, cuneate from below the Jiiiddle to the base, with borders irregularly dentate above it; mediannbsp;nerve strong, secondaries at an acute angle of divergence, thick, parallel,nbsp;mostly simple, craspedodrome.

�^riiere are two leaves of about the same size and form, 4.5�quot;' long, 3�'quot; broad at the middle, and of strong, rigid texture, but not coriaceous, withnbsp;eight pairs of thick, straight, or rigid secondaries, which are mostly simple,nbsp;reaching the borders and entering the irregular teeth, wliich are long pointednbsp;or short, slightly prominent, and diverging� from the midrib at an angle ofnbsp;25�. Pv their form, size, and character of nervation they are greatly likenbsp;some o/ the leaves of C. tomentosa, being irregularly cut on the borders,nbsp;with close, simple, parallel, and equidistant secondaries.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 572 of the collection of Mr. li. i). Lacoe, for whom the species is named.

Crat^uus aceroides, sp. nov.

PI. LIV, Fig. 8; PI. LV, Fig. 1.

Leaves of medium size, coriaceous, ovate, simply or pinuately lobed; lobes enti]�e; midrib narrow; secondaries mostly opposite, the hnver pairnbsp;slifoitly supra-basilar; open, curved back; those above parallel, more or lessnbsp;ramose, craspedodrome. their branches camptodrome. �

There are only three fragmentary leaves of this s])ecies whose affinity with the preceding species is evident, dhey are somewhat like leaves ofnbsp;Acer, but their nervation is peculiar, the lower secondaries being parallel,

1 Fl, Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 43, PI. lxiv, Fig. 11.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

arched downward, branching on both sides, and reaching the apices of short, obtuse, entire lobes.

As points of relation to the species I may quote C. palceocmtJia Sap.,^ a very small leaf or fragment of. a leaf, with the same characters of formnbsp;and nervation, aiid especially some varieties of G. oxyacantlia L., which,nbsp;however, has generally the lowest pair of secondaries emerging at a greaternbsp;distance above the base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 1190 aiid 1191 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Pykus! (jretacea Kewb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 12; Illustr. Oret. and Tert. PI., PI. ii. Fig. 7.

Tribe PRUNE.^.

Prunus creiacea Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. Ill, PI. xxiii, Figs. 8, 9.

Prunus (Amyodalus) ! antbcedens, sp. uov.

PL LV, Fig. 4.

Leaves petioled, more .or less broadly lanceolate, narrowed to the apex and to the base, entire; midrib of medium size; secondaries curved, oblique,nbsp;camptodrome; nervilles and areolation obsolete; nut oblong, pointed at thenbsp;upper end, truncate at base and there marked by a few strong, verticalnbsp;strim, flattened on one side along the border, rounded at the other.

All that is observable of this })eculiar plant is distinctly shown upon the figure. One of the leaves is broader than the other but evidentlynbsp;belongs to the same plant; the secondaries are at an angle of divergence ofnbsp;35� from the midrib, parallel, equidistant, slightly curved in passing towardnbsp;the borders, effaced before reaching them, camptodrome. The fruit, whichnbsp;is convex on the surface and flattened on one side, is there bordered by anbsp;transversely striate band, truncate, rounded and marked by a few depressednbsp;lines at the other, and pointed at apex, and is a little more than 3�quot;� long,nbsp;and 1.5�� broad at the middle.

The fragment, comprising fruit and leaves as figured, seems referable to the section Amygdalus, of which a number of species have been publishednbsp;from the Tertiary. In the characters of the leaves, the size, form, and

' �tudes, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 98, PI. xi. Fig. 4,

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

nervation, it is very similar to ^4. pereger Ung.,. as figm:ed in the Flora von Sotzka (p. 54, PI. XXXIV, Figs. 10-16), or as it is figured in Lndwig�s Foss.nbsp;Pfl. Rhein.-Wett. Tertiar-Form. (p. 143, PI. lk, Figs. 3, 4), where the leavesnbsp;are represented as entire. In this connectioii Schinipei leniarks that thenbsp;leaves appear rather to be those of Sapiiidus,' especially on account of theiinbsp;entire borders The leayes of Pninus (Amygdalus) are as often entire asnbsp;serrate. I find no reason to refer this fine species to any unknown genus.

Habitat.; Kansas.

Order LEGUMINOS.^.

Suborder 0.d�jSALPINIEi3ij.

Tribe AMHERSTIE^.

HVMENiEA DAKOTANA, sp. DOV.

PI. LV, Figs. 2, 3; PI. LVI, Figs. 1, 2; PI. LXII, Fig. 2.

Leaves compound, of two, very rarely three, elliptical or oblong lanceolate entire leaflets, joined lower than the base of the pinnules and there obliquely parted; midrib narrow; secondaries oblique, parallel, curved innbsp;traversing the blade, camptodiome.

The species has numerous representatives, generally single detached leaflets, sometimes borne upon a short petiole, joined together, or very rarelynbsp;three at a distance of 1�� to 2*�� below the basal borders and passing towardnbsp;a stron�gt;�er, common petiole. Three of the specimens, the best preservednbsp;ones have been figured, as also a single one with three pairs of leaves.nbsp;4�he pinnules vary greatly in size and the more or less acute base, somenbsp;being more rounded in joining the petiole. The divergence of the secondaries, of which there are seven to eight pairs, is also slightly variable,nbsp;being more or less open and variable in distance, even in the same leaves,

geiwrally diverging 40� to f.0� from the midrib.

One leaf of this genus, H. prhmgema, is figured by baporta m Ins Monde des Plantes (p 199; Tig. 2). The leaflets are joined nearer their base andnbsp;flms less distant; the same species figured and described by Velenovskyinbsp;lias the leaflets still larger than those of the Dakota Group specimens, butnbsp;vGth a shorter petiole, though longer than they are figured by Saporta, withnbsp;secondaries less numerous and more distant. The difference may not benbsp;specific. The leaves figured by Veleuovsky are slightly crenate, while they

^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'F1. bohm. Kreideforni., pt. 3, PI. V, Fig. 4; PI. VI, ligs. i-4.

310N XVII-10

THE ELOKA OF THE DAKOTA GKO�P.

are perfectly entire in our species. Saporta remarks that tins genus of the Caisalpiniem is still represented in the flora of the Mediterranean by Cera-tonia siliqua Caronbier, which forms large, open forests along the shore fromnbsp;Nice to Mentone. As yet no fructification has been found with these leavesnbsp;in the Dakota Group, though the leaves are found in vast numbers in somenbsp;localities; rarely, however, are the pinnules joined together.

Though the specimens represented by Figs. 1, 2, PI. LXVTII, have the secondai�ies a little less distant, I consider them as of the same species.

Habitat: Kansas.

Tribe GASSIER.

Cassia pkoblbmatica, sp. nov.

PL XXX VI r I, Fig. 3.

Leaflet small, oblong or broadly lanceolate, acute, narrowed to the inequilateral base, short petioled; primary nerve narrow; secondaries distant,nbsp;subopposite, thin, camptodrome.

The leaflet, winch is about 4�quot; long and 1.5�� broad at the middle, has the apex destroyed. Its secondaries, of which there are four pairs, divergenbsp;from the midrib at an angle of 40� and are parallel and equidistant, exceptnbsp;the lower, which follow close to the borders and are less distant from thosenbsp;above. The inequilateral base shows it to be a leaflet of a compound leafnbsp;and its general characters refer it to the genus Cassia, being similar to thenbsp;leaflets of C. Berenices Heer,^ which is a variable species common in thenbsp;Miocene of Europe.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 453 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. AVest, collector.

Cassia polita, sp. nov.

Leaflet small, membranous, entire, oval, lanceolate or narrowing from the middle to a blunt apex and downward more rapidly to a short, flat petiole;nbsp;surface polished; nervation pinnate, camptodrome; secondaries five to sixnbsp;on each side, oblique, parallel, thin, nearly curved in passing toward thenbsp;borders. It has the size and form of 6'. lignitum Uiig. (iSyllog., pt. 2, p. 30,nbsp;PI. X, Fig. 14), the leaflet being only more equilateral. The veins are thin,nbsp;mostly simple.

Habitat: Kansas.

�Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p, 118, PI. cxxxvii, Figs. 42-56.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

Pal^ocassia laueinea, sp. nov,

PI. LXIV, Pig. 12.

Leaflets lanceolate, snbinequilateral, pointed; midrib narrow, but rigid; secondaries parallel, equidistant, arched and camptodrome.

The leaflets are 3�� to 6quot;quot;' long and 1.5quot;� broad at or below the middle, narrowed to the base, lanceolate above, and some of them sliglitly inequilateral. They have the same fonn and size as those ot P. angustifolia andnbsp;P. lanceolata Ett.^ They differ from those of the European species by thenbsp;nervation being somewhat more distinctly marked, the secondaries, sevennbsp;to eight pairs, distinctly arched, parallel, and by the somewhat broader sizenbsp;resembling small leaves of some Lauriuese. Thej^ n^ay, however, repiesentnbsp;the same species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1117 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Suborder PAPILIONACE^.

Tribe PHASEOLE.^�.

Phaseolites poemus, sp. nov.

PI. LV, Figs. 5, 6, 12.

Leaves solid, elliptical, ovate, inequilateral, slightly falcate; midrib strong, gradually narrowed upward; secondaries distinct, thickish towardnbsp;the base, alternate or opposite, curved and camptodrome; nervilles andnbsp;areolation indistinct.

The leaves are comparatively large, being 5.5quot;� to 8quot;� long and S� to 5quot;� broad at the middle, petioled, with about eight pairs of secondaries at annbsp;angle of 50�, which are curved in traversing the blade, camptodrome,nbsp;somewhat branching in the upper part, forming a simple or double row ofnbsp;areoles along the borders.

The leaves are comparable to P. glycinoides Sap.,^ also to those of the common living Apios tuberosa.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Fig. 5 is specimen No. 2796 of the U. S. National Museum.

�Kreide�. t. NiederschoeDa, pp. 261, 262, PI. lh, Figs. 6-8. ^�tudes, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 100, PI. xi, Fig. 8,

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Tribe GALEGE^.

CoLXJTEA PRiMOBDiALis Heer.

PI. XIII, Figs. 8, 9.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 99, PI. XXTII, Figs. 7-11 j PI. XLiii; Figs. 7, 8.

Leaves membranous, short petioled, oval or obovate, entire, rounded in narrowing to the base, emarginate at apex; secondaries very thin, camp-todrome.

The leaves, which are 2�� long and 1.5�� broad, are a little shorter, more rounded, and less deeply emarginate than those figured by Heer (loc.nbsp;cit.). The nervation is of the same type, the secondaries being muchnbsp;curved in passing toward the borders. Fig. 9 represents a leaf of whicli thenbsp;lower half only is preserved. It is identified by its nervation and texture.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4040 and 4074 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

LEGUMINOSH5 OF UNCERTAIN RELATION.

LEGUMINOSITES PODOGONIALIS, Sp. UOV.

PI. XIII, Fig. 11; PI. XXXVIII, Pig. 16.

Leaf membranous, elliptical, short petioled, entire, narrowed above to a short, blunt acumen;^ primary nerve thick, rapidly thinning to the apex;nbsp;secondaries close, oblique, very thin, parallel and equidistant, camptodrome.

Tlie leaf figured is the oidy one seen of this character. It is 4�� long and 1.5�� broad in the middle, the thick petiole being oidy 3�� long. Thenbsp;secondaries, of which there are eight pairs, are subopposite, with a divergence of no more than 30�.

By its form and nervation the leaf is related to Podogonimn americanum Lesq.,� differing essentially by the very thin, slightly more distant secondaries. The leaf is also a little broader in the middle.

Fig. 16 of PI. XXXVIII apparently represents a seed of some leguminous plant. It is transversely oval, flat but thickish, and comparable to seeds of Podogonimn, like those of P. Knorrii Heer.^

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 4038 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe is from ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas; No. 874, the

�Tert. FI., p. 298, PI. lix, Fig. 5; PL lxiit, Fig. 2.

^Fl. Tert. Helv., vol, 3, PI. CXXXV, Figs. 17, 23, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES,

fruiting specimen, is in the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected hy E. P. West.

Leguminosixes goeonilloides ? Heer.

PI. XIII, Pig. 10.

FI. Foss, Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 119, PI. xxxiv, Fig. 14.

Colutea coronilloides Heer, ibid., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 100.

Leaves small, oval, short petioled; secondaries very thin, straight or slightly curved

The leaf is slightly smaller than that figured by Heer but of the same form. It seems to differ only by having the lateral nerves more proximatenbsp;and straight rather than curved, at least in the lower part of the leaf.nbsp;Heer appears to have seen only a part of the secondaries, as on one side ofnbsp;the leaf they are figured very close, the lowest straight, while on the othernbsp;side the two pairs figured are distant and curved. In the small leaf fromnbsp;the Dakota Group the lateral nerves are seen with great difficulty and onnbsp;one side only. Hence it is not possible to ascertain the real character ofnbsp;the nervation. Both this leaf and that of Heer are of uncertain relation-The one which I have figured is comparable also to Celastrus Bruchnanninbsp;Heer (FI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 69, PI. cxxi. Figs. 27-38).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 403,5 of the collection of Mr. li. D. Lacoe.

Legtjminosites omphalobioidbs, sp. nov.

PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 4.

Leaflet subcoriaceous, shozd petioled, elliptical, obtuse, attenuated near the base; primary nerve naiTOw but deeply marked, secondaries very tliin,nbsp;distant, alternate and camptodrome.

The leaflet which is 4*�� long and 2'�quot; broad in the middle, is regularly ellipical but narrowed near the base and has six pairs of secondaries at annbsp;ano-le of divergence of 50� curving quite near and along the borders. It hasnbsp;the same form and size as those of L. ProserpifKS Heer,^ which differ only bynbsp;being slightly emai�ginate at the apex.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 510 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' iri, Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 123, PI. cxxxvili, Figs. 50^.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

LEGUMINOSITES DAKOTENSrS, Sp, llOV.

PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 5.

Leaflet.s 'oval-oblong, rounded to the base, constricted above into a short, pointed acumen (broken); median nerve strong; secondaries oblique,nbsp;alternate, equidistant, parallel, camptodrome.

The leaflet is 4.5�'quot; long and 2.5�� broad a little above the middle, its broadest part. It has six pairs of thin secondaries which ai�e nearly straightnbsp;in traversing the blade and diverge at an angle of 40�, curving and anastomosing in simple bows near the borders.

The leaflet, by its size, form, and nervation, is related to species of Cassia and other Leguminosse described from the European Tertiary, suchnbsp;as C. Berenices Heer or C. Fischeri Heer.� Leaves of this type are flescribednbsp;by Ettingshausen (Kreideflora von Niederschoena) as Palseocassia. Eromnbsp;the Cretaceous flora of Greenland, Heer has described eleven Legumiuosites,nbsp;besides nine leaflets referred to the genera Cassia, Halbergia, and Colutea.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 552 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Leguminosites tkuncatus, sp. nov.*

PI. XXI, Fig. 7.

Leaflet membranous, linear, obtuse, emarginate, by inflexion of the border at the apex of the thick, percurrent median nerve; secondariesnbsp;oblique, close, parallel, curving in passing to the borders, camptodrome,nbsp;nervilles strong.

This fragment of a leaflet has a broad, flat, median nerve, preserving the same thickness for its whole length. The lateral nervation has somenbsp;analogy to that of sj^ecies of Podogonium, especially of P. LyelUannm Heer,��nbsp;which re})i�esents a leaflet broadly emarginate at the apex. The secondariesnbsp;are, however, more curved, and ascend higher along the borders.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Helphos, Kansas. No. 4075 of the collection of Mr. R. I). I^acoe.

gt; Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. VZA, PI. cxxxvii, Figs. 42-46, 62-65.

�This species was called �Leguminosites emargina'us, sp. nov.,� in the mauuscript hy Prof. Les-quereux, but this name is preoccupied by Heer�s Legumiuosites emarginatus (FI. Tert. Heiv., vol. 3, 18.59, p. 125, PI. CXL, Fig. 33). I have therefore changed it to L. Iruncatus.�F. H. K.nbsp;spi. Tert. Helx., vol. 3, p. 117, PI. cxxxvi, Fig. 42.

DESCRIPTI�K OF SPECIES.

Lb�tjminositbs constbict�s, sp. nov. PI. XLIV, Fig. 3.

Leaflets small, thin, entire, lanceolate, rounded at base, constricted near the pointed apex; median nerve straight, scarcely narrowed upward;nbsp;secondaries opposite or alternate, numerous, thin, camptodrome.

This leaf is small, quite smooth and entire, 5.5�� long, 2'=� broad below the middle, and resembles in form and size Cassia hyperhorea Heer,^ differingnbsp;ill having the secondaries more oblique, diverging 40� or 45� from thenbsp;midrib, less distant, and by the contraction of the leaf below the apex.

Habitat; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. Ic of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Legtominositbs CONVOLU��S, sp. nov.

PI. XLIV, Fig. 4.

Leaf small, partly convolute, subcoriaceous, lanceolate, round�d at base and apex; primary nerve thick, nearly equal for its whole length;nbsp;secondaries thin, numerous, parallel, except the lowest pair, which are at anbsp;more acute angle of divergence, camptodrome.

There is only one fragmentary leaf, partly involute, of this species. It is 4'�� long, 15�� broad near the base, and has eight or nine pairs of secondaries diverging 45�, or the lowest pair 35�. All are simple, scarcely curving until quite near to the borders, where they anastomose in simple bows.nbsp;The apex of the leaf is figured as being rounded, as it is seen in its nearlynbsp;tubulose upper part. It may have been broken or creased and thereforenbsp;quot; may be incorrectly represented. Nevertheless, by its basilar form and itsnbsp;nervation, the relation of tiie leaf is marked essentially with the Legumi-nosm, for example with Cassia pimseolites Heeff, which has leaves oftennbsp;obtuse at base and apex and- an analogous kind of nervation, the mediannbsp;nerve being also generally thick and equal for its whole length. .Tliis leafnbsp;mio-ht also be compared as to its form and size to species of Andromeda,nbsp;but the leaves of this genus have the secondaries generally parallel andnbsp;more curved in traversing the blade.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 704 of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 119, PI. cxxxvn, Pig, 57.

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PI. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 119, PI cxxxvii, Pigs. 66, 67; PI. cxxxviii. Pigs. 1-ia.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Legxtminosites cul�riformis Lesq Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 86, PI. x, Fig. 4.

Legeminosi�bs insularis Heer.

PI. LIV, Fig. 4.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 103, PI. xi.iv. Fig. 6.

Leaflets small, oval, acute at apex, entire, ineqxiilateral at base; midrib strong; secondaries numerous, camptodronie.

Tl lis leaf differs from that of Ileer mei'ely by the pointed apex, at least according to the description, for though the author says that the leaf isnbsp;slightly obtuse, there is little difference in comparing the figures. As thenbsp;leaf is slightly larger, the secondaries are more numerous, nine pairs insteadnbsp;of seven, but their character is exactly the same as well as their direction andnbsp;their degree of divergence from the midrib (40�); they are much curved innbsp;traversing the leaf

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2725 of the U. S. National Museum.

Leguminosites hymenophtllus, sp. nov.

PI. LV, Figs. 7-9; PI. LVI. Pig. 3.

Leaves apparently large, consisting of one to several pairs of alternate, oblong-lanceolate ])innules, which are obtuse or truncate-emargiuate atnbsp;apex, and narrowed to the base; secondai�ies numerous, somewhat curved,nbsp;incumbent near the borders, camptodrome,

Tlie numerous pinnules evidently belonging to this species, are very similar to those of H. dakotense by form -and size, being merely somewhatnbsp;larger and narrower, and apparently truncate-emargiuate at apex. Thenbsp;secondaries are more numerous, eleven to twelve pairs, slightly less oblique,nbsp;at an angle of 50�. The difference is apparently not great; they have, however, a longer common petiole with branches a little below tlie base of thenbsp;ultimate leaflets.

Habitat: Kansas.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;153

Legtjminosites PHi SEOLiTES ? Heer.

PL LV, Pig. 10.

PI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, Abth. 2, p. 118, PL xxsiv, Figs. 7-11.

Leaf short petiolate, elliptical, acuminate; secondaries emerging at an acute angle of divergence, tliin, parallel, curved, and camptodrome.

It is not certain that the specimen is referable to this species, which is represented by eleven different leaflets by Heer. He describes the leaflet asnbsp;inequilateral. All are mere fragments, none being complete, and therefore itnbsp;is not possible to make a satisfactory conq)arison. The lower part of ournbsp;leaflet is oval, as in Fig. 9 of Heer�s PI. xxxiv (loc. cit); the secondariesnbsp;are of the same character, but tlie leaf from Kansas is narrowed upward intonbsp;a prolonged acumen and its base K ecpiilateral. For this, however, thenbsp;flgures of Heer do not appear inequilateial.

Habitat; Kansas.

Inga ceetacea, sp. nov.i PI. EV, Fig. 11.

Leaves lono- narrowly lanceolate, gradually acuminate, narrowed at base to a short petiole; raidril) narrow; secondaries oblique, mostly ojiposite,

( amptodiome^^ which is preserved entire, is 9�quot;' long and 2�quot;' broad below the middle, has a short, thick petiole Pquot;� long, is unequal on the sides, and liasnbsp;.ibout fourteen pairs of very oblique secondaries diverging 30� from thenbsp;midrib and a little curved in passing toward the borders, which they follownbsp;in simple festoons. This leaf might be compared to many species of Legu-mhiosites But the more closely related of those recognized in a fossil statenbsp;is I. Icari Uno- (FI. v. Kumi, p. 63, PI. xvi. Fig. 10). There is opposed fornbsp;��specimen of the living L mukMa Mart.