Index....................................................................................

Figs. 1-5. Aloiopteris Wiuslovii D. W.......................................

Fig. 6. Aloiopteris erosa Gutb. sp. ?.........................................

Figs. 1,2. Pecopteris dentata Brongu........................................

Fig. 3a. Aloiopteris erosa Gntb. sp.?.......................................

3igt;. Annularia stellata (Sclilotli.) Wood.................................

3c. Splienopliyllum Lescuriammi D. AV.................................

Pecopteris dentata Brongu.................................................

Fig. 1. Pecopteris vestita Lx................................................

Figs. 2-4. Pecopteris dentata Brongu......................................

Pecopteris dentata Brongn..................................................

Figs. 1,2,2a. Pecopteris pseudovestita D. W.................................

Pecopteris pseudovestita D. W..............................................

Pecopteris pseudovestita T). W..............................................

Figs. 1, 2. Pecopteris pseudovestita D. W....................................

Fig. 3. Pecopteris pseudovestita D. W. ?.....................................

Figs. 1,2. Pecopteris pseudovestita D. W....................................... 374

Figs. 1-6. Pecopteris vestita Lx................................................ 376

Pecopteris clintoni Lx........................................................ 378

Figs. 1-3. Sphenopteris suspeota D. W.........................................I

Fig. 4. Pecopteris clintoni Lx................................................I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ggQ

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pecopteris hemitelioidesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Brongu.?.....................................|

6. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris sp.......................................................)

Figs. 1,2. Pecopteris Jenneyi D. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;W................................ 1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ggg

Fig. 3. Pecopteris of. arborescens Brongn. ?....................................J

Figs. 1,2. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., var. missouriensis D. W........i

Fig. 3. Alethopteris ambigua Lx..............................................gt; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;384

4. Alethopteris ambigua Lx., with Xeuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm........I

Figs. 1-5,6? Callipteridium membranaceum Lx................................ 386

Figs. 1-3. Callipteridium Sullivantii (Lx.) Weiss...........................

Fig. 4. Callipteridium inscquale Lx........................................

Figs. 1-7. Tieniopteris ? missouriensis D. W.................................... 390

Figs. 1-3. Callipteridium Sullivantii (Lx.) D. W.............................

4,5. Neuropteris missouriensis D. W...................................

Fig.6. Neuropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Lx.................................

Figs. 7,8. Linopterls gilkersonensis D. W...................................

Fig. 9. Alethopteris ambigua Lx............................................

10. Dicranophyllum ? sp................................................

Fig. 1. Neuropteris dilatata (L. andH.) Lx..................................

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Odontopteris? Bradleyi Lx..........................................

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm......................................

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris missouriensis Lx........................................

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., var. missouriensis D. W........

Neuropteris dilatata (L. andH.) Lx..........................................

Fig. 1. Sphenopteris illinoisensis D. W........................................)

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Lx....................................I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ggg

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pecopteris arborescens Brongn. ?.......................................|

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Algoid axis?..........................................................J

Fig. 1. Aphlebia sp...........................................................I

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris sp.......................................................I

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris missouriensis Lx..........................................[

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron Bcutatum Lx...........................................J

Aphlebia Germari Zeill., with Cordaites communis Lx......................... 402

Figs. 1-5. Brittsia problematica D. W........................................i

Fig. 6. Pecopleiis cf. arborescens Brongn. ?....................................I 404

7. Aphlebia subgoldenbergli D. W........................................]

XLVIII. Figs. 1-3. Brittsia problematica D. W.......................................... 406

Pig. 1. CyclocPiiliii Brittsii L. W... �------�...............................^

Figs. 2-4. Asteropliyllitcs longiiblius (Stb.) Brongn...........................�

Fi(iS. 1-4. Splienophyllum fasciculalum Lx. sp...............................

5, ()�. Spbeuophyllum luajus Broun?...................................

Fig. 6ft. Siilmuophylluin Lescuriaimm D. W.................................

Fig. a. Splicuophyllniii inajns Bronn ?.........................................^

ft. Splienophylluin Lescuriamim D. W....................................�

Figs. 1-2. LepUIodeiulron Brittsii Lx...........................................

Fig. 1. Lopidodeinlron Brittsii Lx............................................i

2. Lei)idodendrou lanceolatnm Lx........................................J

Figs. 1, 2. Lepidodendroii Brittsii Lx........................................

3, 4. Lepidodendroii riinosnin Stb. var. ridocorticatum 11. \V............

Fig. 5. Lepidodendron scntatnin Lx.........................................

Figs. 1, 2. Lepidodendron scntatnin Lx......................................

Figs. 1-8. Lepidopliloios Van Ingeni D. W...................................

Fig. 1. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W.....................................

Fig. 1. Lepidophloios (?) cf. Van Ingeni D. W...............................

2. Lepidophylluin inissonrienso II. \V...................................

Fig. la. Leiiidostrobus Jenneyi 11. W........................................

Figs. 16,2. Leiiidoiihylhnu Jenneyi D. W...................................

Fig. 3. Lepidocystis Jenneyi 11. W.............................. ...........

lc. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites cipiisetiformis (Scliloth.) Brongn...................

ld. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Spheuophyllnm einarginatiini Brongn..............................

le. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pecopteris vestita Lx...............................................

Fig. 1. Lepidostrobns inissouriensis D. W...................................

Figs. 2, 3. Lepidophyllnm missouriensc D. \V................................

Fig. 1(1. Lepidophyllnm inissonriense D. W..................................

Figs. 1ft, 2. Lepidocystis inissouriensis D. W.................................

Fig. Ic. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W.....................................

ld. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Callipteridium iiiicipiale Lx.......................................

le. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cardiocarpon Branneri Pairch. and D. \V.............................

! �. Linopteris gilkersonensis D. W.....................................

l(j. Sigillaria caniptotienia Wood?......................................

Fig. a. Lepidophyllnm missonriense 11. W...................................

Figs. 6, c. Lepidocystis inissouriensis 1). W......'............................

d, e. Triletes cf. Lepidostrobns missonriensia II. W.....................

Fig./. Lepidopliloios Van Ingeni D. W....................................

(/. Callipteridiniii iniequale Lx.........................................

h. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidostrobns priucojis Lx.........................................

i. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria camptotienia Wood?......................................

Figs. 1, 2. Lepidostrobns princejis Lx.......................................

Fig. 3. Triletes cf. Lepidostrobns niissonriensis 11. W........................

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tuiniophyllum latifoliiim D.'IV.....................................

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidophloios A^an Ingeni D. AV.....................................

6. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidoiihyllnin Jenneyi 11. W.......................................

Fig. a. Lepidostrobns iirinceps Lx.........................................

ft. Lepidocystis niissoiiriensis II. AV. ?..................................

c. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Liuoiiteris gilkersoiieiisis D. AV .....................................

d. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;NeuroiJteris Schenchzcri Iloffni.....................................

e. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria camptotienia AA^ood ?.....................................

. Omphalophloios cyclostigiua Lx. sp........................................

. Figs. 1-5. Omphalophloios cyelostigina Lx. sp..............................

Figs. 1,2. Omphalophloios cyclostigiua Lx. sigt;..............................

Figs. 1, 2. Omphalophloios cyelostigma Lx. sp..........-...................

, Sigillaria camptotienia AVood..............................................

ILLUSTEATIONS.

LXXII. Figs. 1, 2. Cordaianthus ovatus Lx..........................................

LXXni. p�lG. 1. Dicrauopliyllum sp. ?.................................................

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Spheuoppyllum majus Bronn.........................................

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

Sir: Herewith I transmit a monograph of the fossil flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. As the first comprehensive presentation of thenbsp;flora of any zone of the Coal Measures in the trans-Mississippi region, itnbsp;offers important data for the comparison and correlation of these beds withnbsp;the Eastern coal fields, and it also furnishes criteria that will be of value innbsp;the comparison of other neighboring Coal Measures areas and in the establishment of the fforal sequences through the various zones of the Uppernbsp;Carboniferous in the Western Interior Basin.

FOSSIL FLORA OF THE LOWER COAL MEASURES

OF MISSOURI.

Since tlie publication of the Coal Flora ^ the material collected in Henry County, Missouri, and transmitted to Professor Lesquereux by Dr.nbsp;J. H. Britts, has been so extensively increased tlirough the continued andnbsp;most fruitful efforts of the latter gentleman and of the geologists of thenbsp;United States Geological Survey and of the Geological Suimey of Missouri,nbsp;that it appears highly desirable that the fossils new to science should benbsp;published, and that a comparative analysis should be made of the florasnbsp;with a view to ascertaining both the age of these coals and their relativenbsp;positions with reference to the typical sections of the Eastern coal fields. Itnbsp;is thought also that such a coi'relation will have an important bearing onnbsp;questions concerning the deposition and stratigraphy of the basal portion ofnbsp;the Lower Coal Measures, a subject which has received some attention innbsp;the recent publications of the State.

Although by far the greater part of the materials here considered come fi'om a restricted area, Henry County, the collections are so extensive andnbsp;their accumulation covers so long a period of coal exploitation that theynbsp;may be safely regarded as a relatively comprehensive representation of thenbsp;plant life of the zone in the entire basin.

� Second Geological Survey, Pennsylvania. Report of Progress P. Description of the Coal Flora of the Carboniferous Formations in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States. Vols. i-iii, -withnbsp;atlas. Harrisburg, 1880-1884.

Acknowledgments are due, first of all, to Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, for tlie use of types and other specimens identified by Professor Lesque-reux; also to the Director of the United States National Museum for facilities for the study of the Missouri plants, including a number of typesnbsp;formerly in Professor Lesquereux�s private collection, but afterwardsnbsp;secured by Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, and now become,nbsp;by the gift of the entire collection of the latter, the property of the Nationalnbsp;Museum.

The Paleozoic plant material described from Missouri has generally been recorded with no other localizations than �Clinton� or �Henrynbsp;County, Missouri�; and while it is of great paleontologie importance, it willnbsp;in this report be treated geographically as one lot, since, unless otherwisenbsp;stated, it all came from one horizon in a single district. Out of severalnbsp;boxes of specimens from stated localities in this county forwarded to thenbsp;United States National Museum in January, 1891, by Dr. Britts, a numbernbsp;of specimens were found which, owing perhaps to fracture, abrasion, etc.,nbsp;have no exact localization, though coming from the same localities as somenbsp;of the others. These have the �lot catalogue� number 342, U.S.G.S.

Pitcher's coal mine, 3.^ miles southeast of Clinton. Collections were made at this mine by Mr. Grilbert Van Ingen, assistant in the United Statesnbsp;Geological Survey, and forwarded September, 1890. Mr. Van Ingen�snbsp;collection, which includes many fine ferns and slabs of Lepidodendron,nbsp;constitutes lot 407 from. United States Geological Survey station 1263 D.nbsp;Plants from the same locality were sent to the National Museum by Dr.nbsp;Britts in January, 1891, and became lot No. 340.

Owens's coal mine, 2 miles southeast of Clinton. Many specimens from Owens�s coal mine were sent to the National Museum by Dr. Britts innbsp;January and in April, 1891. These will be referred to as lot No. 339.nbsp;Another large consignment, obtained in the process of �stripping� nea�nbsp;this coal mine, was forwarded by Dr. W. P. Jenney, of the United Statesnbsp;Geological Survey, in October, 1891, while investigating the zinc depositsnbsp;of southwestern Missouri. These specimens form lot No. 411.

Hohhs's coal mine, in SE. ^ sec. 13, T. 40, R. 26, 8 miles south and 2 miles east of Clinton. A considerable number of specimeus sent by Dr.nbsp;Britts from this locality in January and April, 1891, comprise lot No. 341.

JJeeptvater. A large quantity of specimens designated by this name came from a mine 8 miles southeast of Clinton. It is very close to thenbsp;locality quoted as the Hobbs mine. These j^lants, forwarded to the Unitednbsp;States Greological Survey by Dr. Jenney in June, 1891, form lot No. 408.nbsp;Another .consignment, sent by Dr. Jenney and Dr. Britts in October, 1891,nbsp;beai�s the lot number 413.

Gilkerson�s Ford, Grand River, 5 miles south of Clinton. Very finely preserved plants in calcareous iron concretions were forwarded to the Unitednbsp;States Geological Survey by Dr. Jenney in October, 1891 (lot No. 412),nbsp;and by Dr. Britts in September, 1892. A small collection from shalesnbsp;ill this vicinity was also sent by Dr. Britts. The latter specimens, whichnbsp;were found at a lower horizon than the ironstone concretions, were engravednbsp;with �G. F.� by the collector and donor. They contain a number of thenbsp;best-preserved and most interesting plant remains.

Near Jordan's old coal mine, 5 miles south of Clinton, from black shales overlying the coal in the North and Wood shaft. These specimeus, consisting of Sigillaria, mostly decorticated, and occurring immediately below thenbsp;other plant shales, were forwarded by Dr. Britts in April, 1891. They constitute lot No. 404.

Those specimens which I have seen represented only in the Lacoe collection are referred to by the numbers in the special catalogue of thatnbsp;collection.

A number of plants whicli were sent by Dr. Britts in small special packages were not given lot numbers, and will be localized in full whennbsp;discussed.

Vernon County. The specimens of Conostichus described in the Coal Flora have no other locality reference than Vernon County, Missouri. Fromnbsp;the statements of the geologists of the State it seems probable, however, thatnbsp;the types now in the Lacoe collection, United States National Museum, camenbsp;from Big Diywood Creek, 5 miles south of Deerfield.^

All the plants treated in the following pages were derived from the Lower Coal- Measures of Missouri as defined by the earlier State surveys.nbsp;More recentlv the terms Des Moines series^ and Lower Coal Measures havenbsp;been applied to the combined Lower and Middle Coal Measures of thenbsp;earlier nomenclature. The present collections are mostly restricted to thenbsp;lower division or to the Cherokee as defined by Haworth and Kirk,^ andnbsp;used by the Missouri geologists. I employ the term Lower Coal Measuresnbsp;in its original American sense, as it has long been in general use in thenbsp;northern bituminous basins. It is, under the circumstances, all the morenbsp;appropriate since the flora in hand is in fact representative of that divisionnbsp;of the Carboniferous resting on the Pottsville series in the northern andnbsp;northeastern coal fields. At the same time, it must be borne in mind thatnbsp;the title refers only to the American application of the term, as commonlynbsp;used in the reports of the earlier geologists of the Northern States.

It must be remembered that in Missouri, as in Iowa, the Coal Measures (iMesocarboniferous) rest on the eroded surface of the Lower Carboniferous (Eocarbouiferous). Along a portion of the margin of the field the floornbsp;of the Mesocarboniferous consists, as is largely the ease in the latter State,^nbsp;of the deeply cut surface of the St. Louis limestone or other divisions ofnbsp;the Mississippian. In other portions the Coal Measures rest unconformablynbsp;on other divisions of the Eocarbouiferous, on the Devonian, the Uppernbsp;Silurian, or the Lower Silurian.

The probable epeirogenic movements and the consequent changes of both the level and the attitude of the continent in the region bordering thenbsp;great coal field have been fully discussed by Winslow^ and by Keyes,nbsp;the latter of whom has also given a profile diagram of the oscillations of thenbsp;shore line in the Missouri-Iowa region during Eocarbouiferous and Mesocarboniferous time.� The deposition of the lower portion of the Mesocar-

' Keyes, Am. Geologist, vol. xviii, 1896, p.23; Rept. Geol. Surv. Iowa, vol. i, 1893, p. 85; Monthly Review, Iowa Weather Service, vol. iv, 1893, p. 3.

2 Kans. Univ. Quarterly, vol. ii, 1894, p. 105. Univ. Geol. Surv. Kans., vol. i, 1896, p. 150 ^ Am. Geologist, vol. xii, 1893, p. 99. Hall, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxvii, 1857, p. 197.

�The Missouri Coal Measures and the conditions of their deposition; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iii, 1892, pp. 109-121. See also Am. Geologist, vol. xv, pp. 87-89, and Prelim. Rept. on Coal: Geol. Surv. Mo.,nbsp;1891, p. 19.

boiiiferous occurred during a period of terrestrial subsidence and advance of the shore line, the result of which is the theoretically coinjjlete concealment of the earliest beds of the Coal Measures beneath the landwalrd overlaps of the succeeding sediments. The maximum thickness of the lowernbsp;concealed beds is difficult to estimate, since in the borings farther outnbsp;toward the interior of the basin the upper beds are jjrobably thinner andnbsp;the means for the identification of the individual terraues of the section arenbsp;more or less unsatisfactory. In one instance Dr. Keyes^ observed a bodynbsp;of shales not less than 75 feet in thickness occupying a concealed ravine innbsp;the Mississippian series. The nature and extent of the subjacent terranesnbsp;lying farther out in the basin can be calculated only from the borings ornbsp;from the analogies furnished by the series in other sections in which thenbsp;horizons of the lower coals may be approximately ascertained�by the studynbsp;of the paleontologie evidence.

In the region of Henry Comity, from which most of the material under examination was obtained, the loose surface detritus of the erodednbsp;Mississippian is generally covered by an extremely variable sandstone,nbsp;described in various reports as the �Fen-uginous sandstone,� �Spring Rivernbsp;sandstone,� etc., and generally correlated by the Missouri geologists withnbsp;the �Millstone grit,� though its representative in Illinois was regardednbsp;by the geologists of that State as a part of the Eocarboniferous. Thisnbsp;sandstone, the age of which, so far as I can learn, has not yet been determined from any paleontologie evidence, is never of great thickness, andnbsp;is described as here and there more or less eroded. It serves largely as anbsp;leveling medium, tending to fill the ravines and hollows of the Mississip-piaii, with whose loose cherty subaerial detritus it appears to be somewhatnbsp;blended. At some points it is reported as entirely wanting, having perhapsnbsp;been eroded prior to the sedimentation of the coals and sandstones.

Resting either immediately on the somewhat uneven surface of this �Ferruginous sandstone,� or in places perhaps directly on the Mississippiannbsp;detritus, lie the shales, sandstones, limestones, and coals of the Lower Coalnbsp;Pleasures, which as originally defined were stated to have a thickness ofnbsp;about 250 feet,^ including the �Ferruginous sandstone.� All the plant

' Bull. 6eol. Soc. Am., vol. ill, pj). 283-310. Am. Geologist, vol. xii, p. 102.

2 Broadliead, Kept. Geol. Surv. ilo., 1872, pt. 2, p. 6. Winslow, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iii, 1892, p. 115.

material from Henry County, Missouri, comes from shales less than 100 feet above the �Ferruginous sandstone.�

The local stratigraphic details of the phytiferous shales at most of the points from which plant collections were made have already been fullynbsp;given in the State reports prepared by Broadhead and Winslow.^ Tlienbsp;plants from Owens�s coal mine, Hobbs�s mine. Deepwater, Pitcher�s mine,nbsp;and the shales near Grilkerson�s. Ford of Grand River are said to have comenbsp;from the roof of the same coal seam, most commonly known in that regionnbsp;as the �Jordan coal.�^

The local section at Kinney�s mine, which is but a few hundred feet from Owens�s mine, is given by Winslow in his Preliminary Report on thenbsp;Coal Deposits of Missouri.�� The same report also illustrates the details ofnbsp;the coal in the vicinity of Deepwater, the section at the Blair Diamond No.nbsp;2 shaft being essentially the same as that at Hobbs�s mine. The stratigraphic conditions at the Stephens and Dunlap strippings, from which manynbsp;of the plants marked �Hobbs� are said to have come, and which are alsonbsp;described in the report above referred to,� are shown in a photograph, which,nbsp;through the courtesy of Dr. Jenuey, I here reproduce as PI. 1. The sectionnbsp;of the coal and roof shales at the Pitcher mine is given in Mr. Van Ingeii�snbsp;notes as follows:

The fire clay grades below into shale, this into shaly sandstone, and that into the �Spring River sandstone� of Dr. Jenney, or the � Ferruginousnbsp;sandstone.� Probably the section given as the Pitcher shaft in Dr. Winslow�s report� was made from a point near by. The Jordan coal is describednbsp;in detail by Broadhead in his valuable report for 1872,^ which also illus- ^{1 2}

Descriptive columnar sections of the Coal Measures of Missouri are given hy Prof. G. C. Broadhead in Rept. Geol. Surv. Mo., 1872, Iron ores and coal fields, pt. 2, pp. 7,82,88; also Ann. Rept.nbsp;Geol. Snrv. Mo., 1894, vol. viii (1895), pp. 360-369.

trates the features of the section at Gilkerson�s Ford on the Grand River/ the source of the interesting large phytiferous ironstone concretions collected by Dr. Jenney and Dr. Britts. A section of the higher terranes isnbsp;given by Professor Broadhead, thus:

The plant-hearing ironstones are said by Messrs. Britts and Jenney to lie in No. 2 of Broadhead�s section, i. e., above the third coal, instead ofnbsp;the shales (No. 7) over the first coal, the error of record having probablynbsp;been caused by the position of the tains. The lower coal (No. 8 of thenbsp;section), correlated with the Jordan coal, is the one from the roof of whichnbsp;the plants in argillaceous shales at Gilkerson�s Ford were collected.

From the above details it will be seen that all the plants from Henry County, with the exception of those in clay ironstones from Gilkerson�snbsp;Ford, were obtained from roof shales, which are regarded by the geologistsnbsp;of the State as overlying the same seam of coal, viz, the Jordan coal. Thenbsp;horizon of the clay ironstones is only about 40 or 45 feet higher.

In some of the broader or deeper marginal basins in the region of Henry County a lower thin coal lies from 12 to 15 feet below the Jordannbsp;coal. This coal is exceedingly variable both in quantity and in quality,nbsp;being sometimes 4 feet thick and of good quality, or full of pyrites andnbsp;shale, while at other times it is entirely wanting. From pyritiferous concretions in the black shale over this coal at Cheatham�s mine, near Clinton,nbsp;Dr. Britts obtained a number of invertebrate fossils, which have beennbsp;determined by Prof Charles Schuchert, Curator of Paleontology in thenbsp;United States National Museum, as follows:

Aviculopecten providens (Cox)? was also found in the plant shales over the Jordan coal. Spirorhis carhonaria'la frequently present. Unfortunatelynbsp;the faunas of the trans-Mississippian Coal Measures have not yet beennbsp;studied sufficiently to invest these species, most of which are supposed tonbsp;have a wide vertical range in the Coal Measures, with any definite or available correlative value.

A mimber of insect fragments have been found among the plant material. Several of these specimetis have been described by Professor ScuddeU as Paromylacris clintoniana Scudder, Etohlattina clintoniana Scudder, andnbsp;Anthracohlattina americana Scudder. Two or three other fragments havenbsp;not yet been examined by a specialist in fossil insects.

The proximity of the lower coals from which the plant fossils were obtained to the Ferruginous sandstone, or even to the eroded beds thatnbsp;comprise the Mississippian floor of the Coal Measures, has already beennbsp;noted. The shore lines of the encroaching Carboniferous sea adaptednbsp;themselves to the erosional topography of the Mississippian land. Thenbsp;thickness and regularity of the sediments in the bordering marshes ornbsp;lagoons seem to have varied with the depth and extent of the marginalnbsp;depressions, the lowest beds being most irregular The Jordan coal, likenbsp;that beneath it, may be presumed to have been formed in these marginalnbsp;swamps. It lies in basin-like areas of varying size, some containing but anbsp;few acres, others extending many miles. In general it is thickest and bestnbsp;in the interior of the basins, where it lies lowest, while it thins toward thenbsp;rising margins of the embayments or swamps. Yet, while it thins beyondnbsp;recognition, and can not be continuously traced in many cases from onenbsp;embayment or estuary across to the next along the old shore line, it maynbsp;in the region of Henry County be usually recognized by the constancy ofnbsp;its flora as well as the character of the coal. In PI. I, from a photographnbsp;of the stripping at Hobbs�s mine, near Deepwater, the coal is seen to risenbsp;and feather out on a rather steep slope of the Ferruginous sandstone.nbsp;At other points, presumably farther out toward the main basin, a considerable body of shales and sandstones intervenes in the old embayments,nbsp;although the interval has not yet been observed to reach 100 feet at anynbsp;point in this part of the State, while landward the coal appears to have

essentially fringed directly against the old continent. Even the Eei-rngi-nous sandstone appears here and there to have been either overlapped b}quot; the coal or eroded prior to the deposition of the latter. Thus, as Dr. Brittsnbsp;informs me, in artesian well No. 2, at Clinton, this sandstone was met at anbsp;depth of 40 feet, and was found to be about 20 feet thick; but at well No.nbsp;1, about 1 mile distant, no sandstone was found, the cherty Mississippiannbsp;floor being reached at a depth of 50 feet.

From the foregoing stratigraphic references it appears (1) that the plant collections from Henry County, which furnished by far the greater part ofnbsp;the material herein considered, come from two horizons about 45 feet apart;nbsp;and (2) that these horizons may be separated from the old Mississippiannbsp;land surface by an observed thickness of nearly 100 feet of Mesocarbon-iferons sediments in the direction of deeper water, or that they may, landward, rest practically in direct contact with the old shore line in that region.

It is possible that in that portion of the State farther southwest, as in Barton County, in which the Lower Coal Measures sections can not definitely be correlated as to principal details with those of Henry County ornbsp;the counties farther noi'th, beds of the Lower Coal Measures and Pottsvillenbsp;series extending for some distance below the horizon of the Jordan coal maynbsp;come to light along the western flank of the Ozark uplift. It is certain thatnbsp;the Pottsville is developed and is coal-bearing near Fayetteville in Washington County, Arkansas. But in the region of Henry County, at least, thenbsp;richly phytiferous roof shales of the Jordan coal mark the time when thenbsp;continental subsidence reached the vicinity of Clinton, and the abundantnbsp;and varied flora is of a date which approximately marks in this region thenbsp;close of the period intervening since the uplift of the Mississippian.

In the following notes and discussions it has seemed best to publish the results of a critical study and comparison, constituting essentially a revisionnbsp;of many of the species originally described from Missouri, as well as tonbsp;give more detailed descriptions of or observations pertaining to other species.nbsp;The descriptions of the species are based entirely on material from Missouri, and it is hoped that they are generally given in sufficient detail tonbsp;enable geologists as well as paleontologists to recognize the various formsnbsp;in the field. In some instances the scope of species has been narrowed and

the lines of specific differentiation have been drawn more closely than they have usually been drawn in American literature, for the reason that anbsp;greater systematic refinement, if the types are uniform and are satisfactorily differentiated by the descriptions and illustrations, will bettei' serve thenbsp;purposes of stratigraphic paleontology.

A small number of species recorded by Professor Lesquereux as occurring in Henry County, Missouri, have not been found in the collections to which I have had access. These will be specially enumerated at the closenbsp;of this report, although there is evidence that the record of several ofnbsp;them is based on geographic errors. Certain others will be met undernbsp;different and sometimes unfamiliar names. A number of nomenclaturalnbsp;changes have been made in conformity with the rules generally observednbsp;by American zoologists or botanists.

The systematic arrangement, like that employed in previous publications, is in part temporary. Many questions of the classification of common Paleozoic species are still under debate, pending the acquisition of further knowledge of the internal structure, fructification, or geologicnbsp;history of the various types. In the synonymy the references are chieflynbsp;confined to illustrated material. Effort has also been made to point outnbsp;other plants in America or Europe that are closely related to our species,nbsp;and to indicate the most important specific differences between them.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.

CRYHTOHNMS.

Stipe cyliudrical, continuous; frond enlarging from tlie base upward in the shape of a plate or of a cup, or increasing by successive superimposednbsp;layers or concentric laminse; top cup-shaped, concave.

The above diagnosis, given by Professor Lesquereux in the Coal Flora,^ while ditfering greatly from the original, published in 1876, is substantially the same as that contained in the last memoir^ in which thisnbsp;group of organisms was treated by that distinguished author. So far as Inbsp;know, no other writer has discussed the nature or affinities of the fossils innbsp;the genus. When the genus was first established no further suggestion wasnbsp;offered as to its systematic relation than its inclusion in the title �Fossilnbsp;marine plants.� In the Coal Flora, however, Lesquereux remarks thatnbsp;�these organized bodies, whose reference to plants is questionable, have innbsp;their mode of growth a relation to some marine Algge of our time, thenbsp;AcetabularicB, which bear, on a continuous stipe, successive umbrella-shapednbsp;fronds, the lower rendered solid by incrustation of calcareous matter.� Thenbsp;fossils, whose substance appears to have been equally dense throughout,nbsp;are further compared with Zonaria. Comparison is made with certainnbsp;sponges, such as Capellia rugosa Goldf., Gamerospongia fungiformis Groldf., and

^Principles of Paleozoic Botany: Thirteenth Rept. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1883, pt. 2, p. 34.

Codoptychium agaricoides Goldf., but the smooth surface and continuous axis in Conostichus are regarded by him as prohibiting any such association. Innbsp;the last publication to which reference is made above, Lesquereux appearsnbsp;to have dismissed all doubt as to their vegetable nature, and we find thatnbsp;the plants of this group are �distantly� related to the living Acetabidarm.nbsp;The scanty material under my observation enables me to throw no light onnbsp;this interesting problem. It may be remarked, however, that the superficial aspect of the fossils is somewhat suggestive of sponges. The types ofnbsp;the two following species were obtained from Vernon County, Missouri.

1879. Conostichus Broadheadi Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 1, pi. B, �gs. 1, text, vol. i (1880), p. 15.

Stipe short, cylindrical, transversely ribbed; frond semiglobular, cupshaped, concave inside, distinctly tricostate, and deeply wrinkled lengthwise on the outside; substance thick.

The figures 1 and 2 in pi. b of the Coal Flora, from which the above description is taken, represent views of the same specimen, which is nownbsp;No. 250 of the Lacoe collection in the United_ States National Museum.nbsp;So carefully are the illustrations made that there is little to be brought outnbsp;by the photographic process. The strongly marked triradiate structurenbsp;with the three main equidistant ridges extending from the mammillate basenbsp;to the periphery of the cup is a somewhat conspicuous feature, as has beennbsp;stated by Professor Lesquereux. But in other specimens the ribs are nearlynbsp;equally prominent on all sides, and are provided with or interlarded withnbsp;undulate rugose branchlets, suggesting delicate and graceful sculpture onnbsp;the outer surface of the cup. One of these examples, from Arkansas, isnbsp;shown in PI. II, Fig. 4.

The type of fossil known as Conostichus Broadheadi appears to have been quite widely distributed in the Carboniferous, where its general occurrence in the Lower Coal Measures seems to bespeak for it a stratigrajihicnbsp;value, though its more exact range is not known to me.

Locality.�Near the base of the Coal Measures, about halfway between Nevada and Fort Scott, Vernon County, Missouri. Nos. 250, 251, Lacoe

collection U. S. Nat. Mus. Also sent by Dr. Britts from Vernon County, Missouri; U. S. Nat. Mus., 6035.

1879. Conostiehus prolifer Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 1, pi. B, fig. 3; text, vol. i

The specimen photographed in PI. II, Fig. 6, is the only example of this curious form that has been found in the recent collections from Missouri or in the other collections in the United States National Museum.nbsp;The type specimen is said to have come from this State. Although thenbsp;figure is somewhat suggestive of a concretionary formation, the specimennbsp;may well be of the same nature as Conostiehus Broadheadi, and, judgingnbsp;from the external features, its structure is comparable to what would resultnbsp;were several specimens of the latter species joined closely in longitudinalnbsp;succession.

Locality.�About halfway between NeA='ada and Fort Scott, Vernon County, Missouri. Shale near base of the Coal Measures. (Lesq.)

KUNGI.

FYKENOMYOETEAi:.

To this genus, established by Unger to contain those fossil fungi apparently most closely related to the living Hysteria, have been referred anbsp;considerable number of species by various authors.^ Most of these speciesnbsp;are of Tertiary age, but several are from the Cretaceous, while one hasnbsp;been reported by Nathorst from the Rha3tic. It is interesting to learn thatnbsp;the Ilhsetic fungus, like the most ancient species with which we have to do,nbsp;appears to have been parasitic on the leaves of Gymiiosperms, Hysteritesnbsp;Friesii Nath.^ having been found on the foliage of Podozamites distansnbsp;(Presl) Fr. Br.

1 Sixteen species are enumerated By Meschiuelli, Sylloge Fungorum Fossilium, Patavii, 1892.

� Nathorst, Bidrag till Sveriges Fossila Flora, Stockholm, 1876, p. 11, pi. i, ligs. 1, 2.

1877. Hysterites Cordaitis Graud �Eury, FI. foss. carb. Loire, p. 10, pi. i, flg. 7.

1892. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. �Ey., Meschiuelli, Sylloge Fung. Foss, (ex Saceardo;

1893. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. �Ey., Potoni�, FI. Eothl. Thiiringen, p. 25, pi. i, fig. 5.nbsp;1898. Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. �Ey., Meschinelli, Fung. Foss. Iconogr., p. 47, pi. xv,

Conceptacles numerous, somewhat massed or scattered upon the leaves of Cordaites, on which their existence seems to depend; quite constant innbsp;form; usually elongated in the same direction as the leaf, and opening onnbsp;one face of the latter by a longitudinal vent of dehiscence, which makesnbsp;them resemble the Hysterics.

The above diagnosis, quoted from Grand �Eury�s descriptive remarks, gives a general idea of the superficial aspect of this fungus, the anatomicalnbsp;features of which are still unknown. As is shown in PL III, Fig. la, thenbsp;perithecia in all our specimens are of the more or less elongated formnbsp;characteristic of the species, which, as Grand �Eury remarks, appears to benbsp;peculiar to Cordaites.

The Missouri examples of the species, seen on the leaves of Cordaites communis Lx., seem to agree well with the descrqjtion and figures of thenbsp;original specimens from the basin of the Loire in Franee. In many casesnbsp;only the pit remains in the leaf substance, while in others the perithecianbsp;are not yet opened. I have seen similar remains on leaves of Cordaitesnbsp;from the anthracite regions of Pennsylvania. None of the remains whichnbsp;I refer to this species are of the form seen in the perithecia shown bynbsp;Germar in his figure of Neuropteris subcrenulata The discussion bynbsp;Grand �Eury of this figure seems to have led Professor Meschinelli to thenbsp;erroneous reference to the latter species as the host of Hysterites Cordaitis.nbsp;It is possible that the round, oval, or oblong pits occurring between thenbsp;nerves in some species of Neuropteris, and described by several authors asnbsp;fern fructifications, may really I�epresent a type of fungus inhabiting thenbsp;pinnules of Neuropteris, and perhaps related to Hysterites. The question ofnbsp;the relationship of some of these to the living Fhyllachora, pertinentlynbsp;suggested by the late Director Stur, is worthy of consideration.

1869. Uxeipula Oallipteridis Schimper, Trait�, Atlas, p. 14, pl. xxii, flgs. 6, 7; text, vol. 1, p. 142.

1869. Excipula Oallipteridis quot;Weiss, Fl. jttugst. Steink. Eothl. Saar-Eli. Geb., p. 19.

1887. Excipulites Oallipteridis (Schimp.) Kidston, Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., p. 339.

1892. Excipulites Oallipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst., Meschinelli, Syll. Fung. Foss., p. 52. 1898. Excipulites Oallipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst., Meschinelli, Fung. Foss. Icouogr., p. 75,nbsp;pl. xxi, figs. 10, 10a.

The punctations or dots described and figured by Lesquereux' as occurring on the pinnules of Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx. have been correlated by Kidstou and Meschinelli with the Excipida Callipteridis found bynbsp;Schiinper on the pinnules of Callipteris conferta. These minute fossils arenbsp;obscurely noticeable in portions of a specimen of Pseudopecopteris squamosanbsp;(Lx.), Pl. IX, Fig. 4 (Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx.), from Missouri, thoughnbsp;they are not so clearly presented as is often the case in the material fromnbsp;Cannelton, Pennsylvania, where they appear as clearly intemeural minutenbsp;pustules situated within the lamina, and giving to the unaided eye thenbsp;impression of very small dots scattered over the pinnule.

As Kidston remarks,^ it is a matter of interest that this species should be found in both Europe and America on the same host, SpJienopteris neu-ropteroides Boulay, on which Excipulites Oallipteridis has been found bynbsp;Kidston and Zeiller,^ being recognized by those authors as identical withnbsp;Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx.

Locality.�On a specimen of Pseudopecopteris squamosa from Pitcher�s coal bank, sent for examination by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri.

FILICALES.

TRIPHYLLOPTERIDE^.

In the American Paleozoic flora the genus l^remopteris was given a broad interpretation by Professor Lesquereux,' so as to include a number ofnbsp;species referred by other authors to Spliempteris, Asplenites, and BJiacopteris.nbsp;It appears in a variety of forms at the base of the Mesocarboniferous, ornbsp;Carboniferous proper, and it seems in its broader application to be directlynbsp;allied to the Triphyllopterid group, which is characteristic of the base ofnbsp;the Eocarboniferous, and from which it seems to constitute a transition tonbsp;the Pseudopecopterid group, such as Fs. ohtusiloba (Brongii.) Lx., throughnbsp;FJremojjteris Cheathami Lx. and other forms found in the Pottsville series.nbsp;The division of the genus with more delicatel}^ dissected pinna� appearsnbsp;to lead through the JE. missoitriensis type to the DiplotJmema furcatmnnbsp;(Brongn.) Stur type. It is possible that the Missoim plants should be placednbsp;in the latter genus as restricted by Zeiller, with which they probably agreenbsp;as to the bifurcation of the frond. But the same character is, I believe,nbsp;present in the Triphyllopterid group; and the flabellate, bifid, or trifoliatenbsp;aspect of our forms leads me to adopt the reference made by Lesquereux innbsp;placing them in the genus that is closer to Tripiiyllopteris Schimp.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bremopteris missouriensis Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 9, pi. liii, figs. 8,

1880, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris (Eynienophyllites) splendens Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p, 282

1884. Sphenopteris {Hymenophyllites) spinosa (loepp., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880 (pars). Eecord in list.

1884. An Sphenopteris [Hymenophyllites) furcata Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880 (pars) ? Eecord in list.

Fronds lax, intricate, flexuous, once or twice dichotomous, tri- or �quadripinnate; rachis of the superior orders flexuous, sometimes subge-

niculate, slender, flat or canaliculate above, round-terete beneath, lineate, bordered on either side by a rugose-lineate lamina nearly equaling the axisnbsp;in width; primary pinnae not very large, palmate above the very openangled dichotomies; secondary pinnae ovate, deltoid, or triangular, rathernbsp;dense, often slightly geniculate toward the base to suit the origin of thenbsp;tertiary pinnae; tertiary pinnae alternate, open, the lower at a right anglenbsp;to the axis or slightly reflexed, the basal ones shorter, close, often slightlynbsp;overlapping, often flexuous, linear-triangular, acute; pinnules or inferiornbsp;divisions open near the base, oblique farther up, sometimes a little distant,nbsp;but generally close or partly overlapping, alternate, variable in size, morenbsp;or less broadly ovate or triangular, the basal ones palmate, more or lessnbsp;deeply cut in subdivisions or lobes, decurrently alate; lobes or ultimatenbsp;divisions linear, obcuneate or somewhat naiTowly obovate, decurrent,nbsp;obtusely pointed, obtuse, often truncate-emarginate or shallowly bifid atnbsp;tlie apex; nervation thin, often obscured; primary nerve decurrent, forking near the base to supply each division, or again at the base of each lobe,nbsp;a single nervil entering into and passing to the apex of each lobe or tooth;nbsp;lamina moderately thick, i-ugose, with fine, short bristles or very naiTownbsp;scales appressed parallel to the nervation.

This species, represented by a large suite of specimens, shows considerable variation in the outlines of the ultimate piiinse or pinnules, according to their position in the frond and the degree of their development. Sometimes the lower basal pinnules in the lower part of the frond present anbsp;form resembling Splienopteris spinosa, while those near the end of the uppernbsp;pinnse approach Splienopteris furcata; and, in fact, an examination of thenbsp;specimen on which the record^ of the occurrence of the latter species in thisnbsp;region appears to be based, shows clearly that it is a part of the marginalnbsp;portion of a frond of Eremopteris missouriensis. I have seen precisely thenbsp;same form on a rock in direct union with the normal form of the Missourinbsp;species. Moreover, I am unable to find any distinctive characters by whichnbsp;specimens from this region labeled Sphenopteris spinosa Groepp. and Sphe-nopteris splendens by Lesquereux can be even varietally separated from thenbsp;fine series of examples of Eremopteris missouriensis.

prepared by Professor Lesquereux from a small, badly broken specimen, loaned to me througli tlie courtesy of Dr. Britts, is necessarily insufficient; a careful inspection with a weak glass shows the outline, nervation,nbsp;and striated surface to be the same as those seen more clearly on the better-preserved specimens, some of which came from the same bed as thenbsp;original. My comparisons have been further aided by reference to a number of other examples identified by Professor Lesquereux since the publication of the species, and loaned by Dr. Britts, as well as by reference to thenbsp;Lacoe collection.

The frond of Eremopteris missouriensis is tripinnate, if not quadripinnate, appearing bifurcated at the base, the pinnse long, flexuous, often slightlynbsp;geniculate, and tapering to an acute point. The lobes of the pinnules, asnbsp;seen in PL V, Figs. 2, 3, are always blunt, usually rounded at the end, andnbsp;in very many cases have a sinus in a truncate-obcordate apex. The ultimate pinnae are more deeply divided and more symmetrical than represented in pi. liii, figs. 8, 8a, of the Coal Flora, while the nervation, likenbsp;tliat seen in many species of Diplothmema, consists of a single large flexuousnbsp;nerve passing into the pinnule and forking to permit a single nervil to passnbsp;up into each lobe.

The surface of the entire pinnule is striate with fine dark lines, apparently composed of rows of short, closely appressed hairs or narrow hair-like scales which are parallel to although entirely independent of the nervation,nbsp;as is strongly shown in slightly macerated specimens, or especially clearlynbsp;when the impression of the under surface of the limb is exposed. Thisnbsp;striation has been mistaken fm- and inaccurately represented as nervation innbsp;the above-mentioned figure. Those specimens which I have seen from thenbsp;same locality, labeled Splienopteris furcata and Splienopteris splendens bynbsp;Professor Lesquereux, I have found to be indistinguishable by any characternbsp;from Eremopteris missouriensis.

It is quite possible that Eremopteris missouriensis should be placed in the genus Eiplothmema, between which genus and Eremopteris it seems tonbsp;be intermediate. It would not be at all surprising if the mode of divisionnbsp;characteristic of Eiplothmema were discovered in Eremopteris missouriensis.nbsp;The resemblance of our species to Eiplothmema palmatum (Schimp.) Stur�-

appears so great, at least superficially, as to cause one to question whether there is more than a varietal distinction between the two.

Our species is quite distinct from the smoother, more lax SpJienopteris furcata, which has more acute, generally larger lobes, and which, with itsnbsp;very closely related species, SpJienopteris Boyi Lx., seems to be largelynbsp;confined to the �Conglomerate series� or Pottsville series. SpJienopterisnbsp;splendens Lx. and SpJienopteris spinosa Goepp. are very insufficiently represented in the collections from other localities. Consequently no attemptnbsp;will be made at this time to point out the differences between these speciesnbsp;and JEremopteris missoiiriensis.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5512, 5513, 5657, 5653, 5681, 5682; Hobbs�s coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5509, 5670; Owens�snbsp;coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5514; Deepwater, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5510, 5511;nbsp;Henry County, Missouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5508, 5515.

Fronds apparently large, sinuous, quadripinnate; I'achis broad, flexu-ous, canaliculate above, raised beneath, consisting of a compact pithy (?) portion, occupying, one-third of the entire width, with broad, flattenednbsp;vascular borders; primary pinnae alternate, open, spreading somewhatnbsp;irregularly, tapering from near the base to the acute apex; secondary pinnmnbsp;nearly at right angles below, becoming more oblique above, alternate, corresponding to the bends in the rachis, slightly overlapping, ovate or oblong,nbsp;acute, terminating in a spiny prolongation of the rachis; secondary rachisnbsp;somewhat fiexuous, sharply striate, bordered by a thick lamina from thenbsp;decurring pinnules or ultimate pinnae; pinnules alternate, more or less open,nbsp;close to one another, often slig�htly overlapping, decurrent, more or less con-stiicted at the base, usually with very broad attachment, ovate-deltoid whennbsp;compound, becoming triangular or oblong-triangular and acute in passingnbsp;into pinnae, trancate-lobate, or more or less deeply cut into broadly obcune-ate, truncate lobes, the latter usually once or twice somewhat bilobate ornbsp;sub-bilobate, the lobes always broadly cuneate, truncate, emarginate, or sub-bilobate, often thickened at the top, spreading in the process of develop-

ment; lamina thick, with dull luster, covered, like the rachis, with clear, sharp, irregular, fine intermittent striae, parallel in general to the nervation,nbsp;and apparently representing rows of closely appressed trichomes or scales;nbsp;nervation Pseudopecopteroid, though usually totally obscmed in the coriaceous lamina, the nerves originating in a single decurrent bundle andnbsp;forking twice or more at a moderate angle, while arching to meet thenbsp;borders nearly at a right angle.

The material before me, while clearly representing a well-defined species, does not exhibit the pinnation sufficiently completely to give annbsp;entirely satisfactory diagnosis of the frond. The rachis, with broad, leathery border, a portion of which, seen from beneath, is shown in PI. IV, isnbsp;strikingly similar to that seen in a remarkably fine slab of Mariopterisnbsp;nervosa in the Lacoe collection, which affords very interesting evidence ofnbsp;a lax or possibly a prostrate habit of growth for those ferns.

The most remarkable and constant character is the spreading, very broadly cuneate, truncate lobe, dividing once or more according to annbsp;unequally bilobate system, as seen in Figs. 5, 6, PI. V.

This mode of lobation is very nearly like that of Eremopteris Cheat-liami Lx.,^ or Sphenopteris solida Lx.,'^ while the elongation of the rachis into a blunt, spiny production in the process of pinnation is like that seen in thenbsp;group represented by Mariopteris (or Pseudopecopterisquot;') miiricata. Thenbsp;Sphenopteris solida of Lesquereux may at some future time be identifiednbsp;with our species; for the specimen published in the Coal Floi�a was shownnbsp;so erroneously, without uncovering the lobes of the pinnules or depictingnbsp;the rachial characters, that I am not wholly certain that my separation ofnbsp;Eremopteris hilohata is really correct. The former should be re-illustrated.

The species seems, notwithstanding its Pseudoj)ecopteroid characters, to be properly included in the genus Eremopteris, although constituting onenbsp;of the several intermediate forms that, in my opinion, show the relation ofnbsp;Pseudopecopteris to Triphyllopteris, through the Eremopteroid types.

Locality.�Specimens sent by Dr. Britts, in 1892, as a special consignment, from Owens�s coal bank; U. S. Nat. Mus., 5659, 5699, 5700, 5701, 6036.

= Op. oit., p. 770, pi. civ, figs. 2-4. It may, indeed, well be asked whetber all these do not belong to the same genus.

Before introducing in the same classification the terms Mariopteris and Pseudopecopteris, concerning the application of which there seems to benbsp;some confusion, I wish to explain briefly my interpretation of the scopenbsp;and relation of the groups originally and properly included under eachnbsp;generic name.

It will be remembered that the genus Pseudopecopteris, as first proposed by Lesquereux,^ was so defined essentially as to contain that portion ofnbsp;Stur�s genus Piplothnema^ comprising the species with Pecopteroid andnbsp;Neuropteroid pinnules. In another placeI have already referred to thenbsp;relations of the genus Mariopteris Zeiller,^ which was founded on a stillnbsp;more restricted portion of Stur�s genus. The original scope of the genusnbsp;Pseudopecopteris, as seen by the diagnosis� and figures, when compared withnbsp;the scope of the genus Mariopteris^ which antedates it, shows that the twonbsp;genera are largely the same, the latter being entirely included in thenbsp;former, though the essential characters are not similarly defined. It is notnbsp;improbable that Professor Lesquereux, had he been aware of Professornbsp;Zeiller�s work, would have either adopted the latter�s classification or amendednbsp;the genus Mariopteris, extending it to include the Neuropteroid group of

lt;Bull. Soc. g�ol. France, (3) vol. vii, 1878, p. 93. FI. loss. terr. houill. Fr., 1878, pi. clxvii, fig.5; text (1879), p. 68. FI. foss. liouill. Valenciennes, text (1888), p. 159.

3 �Primary rachis forking near the base in diverging branches of equal size, or divaricate and dichotomous; branches polypinnate, ultimate divisions often forked; pinnules connate or separatednbsp;to the base, of various shape, oblong-obtuse or ovate-lanceolate, oblique or in right angle, decurringnbsp;to the rachis and bordering it by a narrow wing; lateral veins oblique, generally forking once, thenbsp;lowest pair twice.� Coal Flora, vol. i, 1880, p. 189.

��Fronde compos�e de pennes quadripartites, 5, sections bipinn�es; le rachis primaire �mit des rameaux alternes, nus, qui se bifurquent sous un angle plus ou moins ouvert en deux courtes branchesnbsp;symetriques, dont chacune se bifurque a son tour en deux pinnes bipiuu�es, la penne ext�rieure parnbsp;rapport � la bifurcation principale �tant plus petite que celle qui se trouve du cote int�rieur. Pinnulesnbsp;plus ou moins rapprochees, tantot soudees les unes aux autres, tantot libres et contract�es � la base,nbsp;obliques et un peu decurrentes sur le rachis, enti�res ou divisees en lobes peu profonds. La pinnulenbsp;inf�rieure de chaque penne secondaire est habituellement d�une forme un peu diff�rente de celles quinbsp;suivent, lob�e au pinnatifide. Nervure ni�diane nette, se prolongeant presque jusqu�au sommet desnbsp;pinnules, d�currente a la base sur le rachis; nervures secondaires tr�s-obliques, g�n�ralement dicho-tomes, se divisant sous des angles aigus, uaissant pour la plupart de la nervure m�diane, maisnbsp;quelques-unes, ^ la base, uaissant directemeut du rachis. Fructification inconnue.� V�g. foss. terr.nbsp;houill. Fr., p. 68, 1879.

Sphenopterids; or he might have restricted the genus Pseudopecopteris to the species which would remain in it at present after taking out those coverednbsp;by the characters of Mariopteris. Thus it appears that the chief difference�nbsp;a rather important one�in the original scope of the two genera was thenbsp;inclusion of the round pinnuled or Neuropteroid Sphenopterids in Lesque-reux�s genus. The inclusion in Pseudopecapteris of certain Pecopteroidnbsp;species, on account of a supposed method of division in their fronds, is anbsp;subordinate feature and need not be considered at present.

In my report on the plants from the Carboniferous outliers,^ I have referred Pseudopecopteris masoniana Lx. to the genus Mariopteris on accountnbsp;of its apparent affinities with the muricata group. Although after annbsp;examination of the figured specimens from Mazon Creek, Illinois, Inbsp;am inclined to believe that not all the examples identified by Lesquereuxnbsp;as Pseudopecopteris mazoniana belong in reality to the same species, itnbsp;still seems to me probable that some of the types of that species, whichnbsp;was given first place in the genus Pseudopecopteris by its author, belongnbsp;properly to the muricata group. This group, as Zeiller remarks, is verynbsp;homogeneous, being composed of quadripartite fronds of the Biplothmemcenbsp;with Pecopteroid pinnules, the well-developed lamina being entire ornbsp;slightly lobed or denticulate. Naturally in a classification depending largelynbsp;on the mode of the basal division of the fronds it is often impossible tonbsp;determine definitely as to this character; and the grouping in such cases isnbsp;dependent on the features and analogy of the other parts. Thus therenbsp;seems little doubt of the unity of Ps. nervosa (Brongn.) Lx., Ps. muricatanbsp;(Schloth.) Lx., Ps. latifolia (L. amp; H.) Lx., Odontopteris sphenopteroides Lx., andnbsp;Ps. acuta (Broirgn.) Lx. within the same group; and in most of these speciesnbsp;the quadripartite character of the frond has been observed, showing theirnbsp;identity with the genus Mariopteris Zeill. I have seen the same mode ofnbsp;division in Ps. Newherryi Lx., and it seems probable that it will also benbsp;found to exist in Ps. cordato-ovata (Weiss) Lx. and Ps. Sillimanni (Brongn.)nbsp;Lx., while several of the forms still included by Zeiller in the genusnbsp;Diplothmema bear signs of a generic relation to Mariopteris muricatanbsp;(Schloth.) Zeill.

In my former remarks on the subject I was disposed to consider the greater portion of the species in Pseudopecopteris as having the essential

frond divisions of Mariopteris, thus leaving no good reason for the continuance of the former genus. So far as I am aware, however, this mode of division has not yet been seen in the group represented by Pseudopecop-teris obtusiloba or Ps. anceps Lx. (Splienopteris neuropteroides Boulay), whichnbsp;is still included by most European authors in the genus Splienopteris,nbsp;although it is generally recognized as distinct from the true Sphenopterids.nbsp;This group is one of considerable solidarity, the line of demarcationnbsp;between it and the other species of Splienopteris being fully as distinct asnbsp;tliat between many of the familiar genera resting on the superficial, characters of the sterile fronds in the Carboniferous flora. For this reason,nbsp;which was largely the cause of its inclusion by Lesquereux in the genusnbsp;Pseudopecopteris, I would, after removing those species which conform tonbsp;the older genus Mariopteris, propose to restrict the genus Pseudopecopterisnbsp;to the very natural group of large-i'ound-pinnuled species * typically represented by the Splienopteris obtusiloba of Brongniart.

Although these genei�ic divisions are artificial, and the species now associated hi a genus may eventually be found to belong to entirely different orders, I believe that the interests of the study of the Carboniferousnbsp;flora will be promoted by the maintenance of the genera Mariopteris andnbsp;Pseudopecopteris, as above restricted, Diplotlimema being reserved for thenbsp;group of dissected forms, of which D. furcatimi (Brongn.) Stur is a typicalnbsp;example. In this classification Mariopteris Zeill. includes the Pecopteroidnbsp;or Alethopteroid forms, in which the primary pinnje are divided by a doublenbsp;dichotomy into four divisions of equal rank, while Pseudopecopteris maynbsp;comprise the round-lobed or round-pinnuled^ species of the type of Splie-nopteris obtusiloba Brongn. The fronds of this type, to which among othersnbsp;1 would refer S. Scliillingsii Andra, S. solida Lx., and S. neuropteroides Boulay,nbsp;are perhaps dichotomous in the lower part, though a quadripartite habitnbsp;has not, I believe, been observed.

�The relations of several species, like Ps. Sheaferi Lx., placed in the section � Gleichenites by Lesqnereux, but the relation of which to the ohf.tisilota group seems very distant, if observable,nbsp;can best be treated in a revision in detail of the material included in the genus Pseudopecopteris.nbsp;^Section �Neuropteroides� of Brongniart, in part.

1829. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongniart, Hist. v�g. loss., p. 201, pi. liii, fig. 2.*

1848. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Broiiga., Sauveur, V�g. loss. terr. fiouill. Belg., pi. xv, flg- 2.

1853. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Newberry, Ann. Sei., Cleveland, vol. i, 9, p. 106.

1855. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Ettingsliausen, Steinkohlen-Fl. Radnitz, p. 37, pi. xxi, flg. 2.

1860. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Arkansas., vol. ii, p. 315.

1860. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., H. C. Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xii, p. 440.

1874. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst, bohm. Koblen-Abl., vol. i, pi. i, flg. 9.

1876. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Ceogn., Pal., Atlas, pi. li. figs, la, 15; text (1880), p. 109.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Zeiller, V�g. loss. terr. houill.. Atlas, pi. clxiii,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Scliimper, in Zittel; Handb. Pal., vol. ii, p. 108,

1881. SphenopterisobtusilobalSrQiign.^'WAusd. FI. d. Steinkobl., pi. xi, figs.67, 67a.

1883. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. loss., vol. iii, p. 190, pi. xxxiii, figs. 5, 6.

1886. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Zeiller, FI. loss, fiouill. Valenciennes, Atlas, figs. 1, jd. iii, la, 2, 2a; pi. iv, flg. 1; text (1888), p. 65.

1897. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Potonie, Lefirb. d. Pflanzeupal., p. 137, fig. 131.

1833. Sphenopteris irregularis Sternberg, Versuch, vol. ii, fasc. 5-6, p. 63, pi. xvii, flg. 4; fasc. 7 u. 8, p. 132.

1855. An Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 14, pi. xxiii, figs. 2-4 (excl. syn.) ?

1860. Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., F. A. Roemer, Palmontograpliica, vol. ix, p. 24, pi. iv, flg. 5.

1866. Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., Audrii, Vorweltl. Pfl. Steink., p. 26, pi. viii, pi. ix, flg. 1.

1869. Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., von Roefil, Foss. FI. Steink. Westpfialens, p. 56, pi. xvi, fig. 2 (?); pi. xxxi, figs. 5, 6.

1836. Sphenopteris latifolia Bindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. iii, pi. clxxviii.

1848. Sphenopteris trifoliolata (Artis?) Brongn., Sauveur, V�g. loss. terr. fiouill. Belg., pi. xix, flg. 2; pi. xxi.

1869. Sphenopteris trifoliolata (Artis?), von Roefil, Foss. FI. Steink. Westpfialens, p. 65, pi. xvi, flg. 3 (excl. syn.).

1869. Sphenopteris [Aneimioides) obtusiloba Brongn., Scfiimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 399, pi. XXX, flg. 1.

1869. Sphenopteris {Oymnogrammides) irregularis Sternb., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 373.

1877. Diplothmenia obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur, Oalm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 124 (230).

1885. Biplothniema obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., pp. 296, 354, pi. XXV, figs. SOr-C} pl. XXVamp;, �g. 1.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Biplothmema obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur, Toula, Die Steiukoblen, p. 187, pl. i,

1879. Pseudopecopteris irregularis (Sternb.) Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. lii, figs. 1-3 (8?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 211.

1884. Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. iii, p. 753.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol.

1893. Sphenopteris {Pseudopecopteris) obtusiloba Brongn., D. White, Bull. �. S. Geol. Surv., Ko. 98, p. 52.

Fronds tripinnate or quadripinnate below; rachis strong, flat, naked, striated, slightly undulate below, becoming more fiexuous toward the tip;nbsp;primary pinnae broad, lanceolate, acute, pinnatifid to near the extreme apex;nbsp;secondary pinnae at I'iglit angles below, becoming oblique above, alternate,nbsp;distant, contiguous or shg�htly imbricated, linear-lanceolate, acute, straightnbsp;or curved, those in the middle and lower portions of the primary pinnaenbsp;provided with pinnae of the third order, those above bearing reduced tertiary pinnae or pinnatifid pinnules, those still nearer the top being providednbsp;with large, broad, rather triangular-ovate pinnules, divided into 3 to 5 morenbsp;or less deeply separated, round-obtuse lobes; secondary and tertiary rachisesnbsp;narrow, more or less distinctly fiexuous to correspond to the insertion of thenbsp;pinnae or pinnules, but sometimes appearing nearly straight, sulcate above,nbsp;rounded on the lower side, finely and evenly striate, bordered by narrownbsp;laminae; tertiary pinnae distinct, alternate, usually close, sometimes distant,nbsp;or even overlapping, the lower ones at a right angle to the secondary rachis,nbsp;the upper somewhat oblique, 12-22 mm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, more or lessnbsp;acutely pointed, provided with 2 to 5 pairs of alternate, sessile, or broad-pedicellate, half-round, ovate, or reniform and dilated, usually more or lessnbsp;distinctly trilobate pinnules, generally close or slightly imbricated, those innbsp;the lower part of the frond more distant, slightly decurrent; surface of thenbsp;pinnules coriaceous, curved backward somewhat near the border, andnbsp;marked between and parallel to the nerves with close, minute striae; margins apparently thickened and traversed on the upper side by a narrow

furrow or gutter; pinnules of the upper secondary pinnge broad, more or less deeply dissected into 3, sometimes 4, broad, rounded or truncate-rounded, or obovate lobes, the lowest pair of the pinnules of the pinnmnbsp;subpalmately divided into 4 to 6 lobes, one or more of the divisionsnbsp;sometimes elongated, those pinnules toward the top of the pinnge becomingnbsp;less distinctly lobed and approaching the proportions of those borne on thenbsp;tertiary pinnge; primary nerves originating at a narrow angle and curvingnbsp;outward, dichotomizing, the secondary nerves forking and curving, indistinct,nbsp;to the border; fructification unknown.

The excellent suite of specimens from Missouri representing Sphenopteris ohtusiloha Brongn. has already been described somewhat fully.^ The linesnbsp;of the differentiation of this species from Sphenopteris trifoliolata Artis arenbsp;still uncertain, although it is quite well recognized that more than one speciesnbsp;is included under the two names.

The examination of the originals of the Pseudopecopteris irregularis (Sternb.) Lx. figured^ from the same locality as some of the specimensnbsp;before me, and a comparison of these with material from the same place,nbsp;published later by Lesquereux^ as Pseudopecopteris' obtusiloha (Brongn.),nbsp;show that, so far as the specimens from Missouri are concerned, the onlynbsp;difference between the few examples identified by that author is that of size.nbsp;The more complete representation shows every gradation from the smallnbsp;fragments such as that figured as Ps. irregularis in the Coal Flora, or Fig. 1,nbsp;PI. VII, and the average proportions, there being no specific distinctionnbsp;between them. The specimens illustrated on PI. VII, Figs. 2, 3, andnbsp;PI. VIII, show well the general aspect of fragments from the various partsnbsp;of the primary pinnge. . Many of the trilobate pinnules of the form seen innbsp;the upper part of PI. VII, Fig. 3, enlarged in PI. IX, Fig. 5, somewhatnbsp;resemble the Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx.'*

The collection of specimens from other American localities identified as Pseudopecopteris obtusiloha seems to show several phases of this species,nbsp;one or more of which may deserve at least varietal distinction, while it isnbsp;possible that the true Sphenopteris trifoliolata of Artis is also present.

��Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lx.) has priority over Ps.ancept, which is identified by Zeiller and Kidston as Spliemopteris nettropleroides (Boulay) Zeill.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5440, 5441, 5624, 5625, 5627, 5628, 5629, 5635, 5716, 5717, 5718; Henry County, U. S. Nat.nbsp;Mus., 5438. Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5439.

1854. Sphenopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Bost. Journ. X. H., vol. vi, Xo. 4, p. 420. 1858. Sphenopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Geol. Penusylvauia, vol. ii, p. 862, pi. x,nbsp;fig. 3.

1876. Pecopteris neuropteroides Boulay (non Kutorga), Terr, houill. n. d.. Fr., p. 32, pi. ii, figs. 6, Gb.

1879. Pseudopecopteris anceps Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 7, pi. xxxviii, figs. 1-4; text, vol. i (1880), p. 207 (cum syn.).

1889. Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 796, text-figs.

1883. Sphenopteris nevropteroides (Boul.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Xat., (6) bot., vol. xvi,

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris nevropteroides (Boul.) Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas,

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris neuropteroides {Boul.) ZeilL, Kidston, Foss. FI. Eadstock Ser., p. 349.nbsp;1897. Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lx.) D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Ainer., vol. viii,

1899. Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lx.) D. White, 19th Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 3, p. 474.

�Frond compound, multifid, dichotomous or quadripinnate; primary rachis broad; pinnae of the third order, oblique, distant, rigid or flexuous;nbsp;ultimate pinnae short, inclined upward, lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, pin-nately lobed; pinnules short, round, ovate or subquadrate, connate at thenbsp;base, the lower generally free, the upper joined to the middle; upper pinnaenbsp;simple, undulate by the gradual cohesion of the lobes; veins forking twice,nbsp;curving to the borders, all derived from a thin midrib of the same size asnbsp;the vmins.�

Although this species, familiar to paleontologists as Pseudopecopteris anceps, is not rare in the Coal Measures of Pennsylvania, where it is obtainednbsp;from many localities, it is only recently that it has been collected west ofnbsp;the Mississippi River. Even now it is, so far as I know, represented onlynbsp;by the specimen illustrated, PL IX, Fig. 4, which was loaned to the Unitednbsp;States Geological Survey by Dr. Britts. Owing, therefore, to the paucity of

material from Missouri, the above description is that given by Professor Lesquereux under Pseudopecopteris anceps in the Coal Flora. The Missourinbsp;plant appears to differ from the type only by a slightly closer arrangementnbsp;of the nerves.

The identity oiSphenopteris squamosa Lx. waAPseudopecopteris anceps Lx., signified by the inscription of the former as a synonym preceding the description, is evident from a comparison of the figure of Sphenopteris squamosa givennbsp;in the Geology of Pennsylvania^ with the fine series, including the typesnbsp;from Cannelton, Pennsylvania., now resting in the Lacoe collection. Thenbsp;equivalence of Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx. with the Pecopteris neuropteroidesnbsp;of Boulay, first recognized by Zeiller, was soon afterwards corroborated bynbsp;Kidston,^ after a comparison of the European material with specimens fromnbsp;Pennsylvania. Those specimens which I have seen from the Radstock coalnbsp;field or the Department of Pas-de-Calais, seem to represent a form withnbsp;smaller pinnules than those in our common type, although there appears tonbsp;be no important difference between them. It is probable that the few fragments in our collections may be below the avei�age in respect to size of thenbsp;pinnules.

That Pseudopecopteris squamosa, as a whole, was very large is shown by many fine fragments of fronds foiind near Pittston, Pennsylvania, in onenbsp;of which (No. 3431 of the Lacoe collection) we find a segment of a rachisnbsp;15 mm. wide, giving off two opposite bi-anches, each nearly 10 mm. innbsp;width. I do not, however, remember noticing dichotomous fronds conforming to the description, the general habit being a pinnate branching likenbsp;that shown in pi. xxxviii of the Coal Flora.

The punctation seen frequently on the surface of the pinnules of this species, as illustrated in fig. 2 of the Coal Flora, and which is obscurelynbsp;observable with the aid of a lens in the Missouri specimen, has been identified by Kidston^ and Meschinelli^ with the Excipulites Callipteridis (Schimp.)nbsp;Kidst. These dots, which generally show as small pustules, are distinctlynbsp;interneural, and are strongly suggestive of glands. They are possiblynbsp;comparable to the cavities occupied by ovoid granules found by Renault^ innbsp;AletJiopteris aquilina.

Pseudopecopteris squamosa may readily be distinguished from Pseudo-pecopteris obtusiloba by the more regular, compact, oblique pinnules, which are much less constricted at the base, the texture being thinner and not sonbsp;leathery, and the rugosity, irregularly striate in the direction of the nerves,nbsp;while the thin and rather close nerves of the former may be observed without the aid of a glass in most of the specimens.

Locality.�From Pitcher�s coal bank. Specimen in the cabinet of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

The peculiar specimens figured are the largest of the very few fragments of this plant I have seen among the hundreds of fossils fromnbsp;Owens�s bank, Henry County, Missouri. The larger fragment appears tonbsp;represent the upper portion of a lateral secondary pinna. The rachis isnbsp;strong, sulcate, and apparently obscurely alate. The lateral pinnae arenbsp;alternate or subalternate, straight, rigid, with a rather strong percurrent,nbsp;narrowly winged rachis, which is produced as a spine. The pinnules arenbsp;close, generally slightly overlapping, 3 to 5-lobate below, passing into pinnae,nbsp;ovate, round, reniform, or obovate above, attached by a very broad subpedicelnbsp;to the decurrent lamina along the rachis. The limb, which is very thicknbsp;and coriaceous, is covered by rough striae or rows of scales or closelynbsp;appressed hairs radiating in a system parallel to the nervation, which isnbsp;too much obscured for definite discernment. The other fragment, whilenbsp;conforming with the characters of the specimen just described, is speciallynbsp;notable orr accourrt of the well-developed terminal spine.

Although the fragments apparently belong to a hitherto undescribed species, I hesitate to so desigrrate them on account of lack of sufficientnbsp;material. The more distirrctive characteristics of the plarrt are the verynbsp;small size of the phrnules, the broad footstalks of the latter, the rounded ornbsp;semitruncate lobes and pinnules, which are frequerrtly reniform, arrd thenbsp;thick, scaly suriace. The fragmerrt clearly belongs to the Pseudopecopterisnbsp;obtusiloba group, arrd is perhaps rrearer to Ps. trifoliolata or Ps. nummidarianbsp;than to any other known species. The specimens in harrd are much more

delicate than those figured by Artis, Andra,^ or Stur^ and seem to difier from both by their broad pedicels and percurrent rachises.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mariopteris Zeiller, Bull. Soc. geol. Fr., (3) vol. viii, p. 93.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pseudopecopteris Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6; text, vol. i (1880), p, 190

1832 or 1833. Pecopteris nervosa Brongniart, Hist. v�g. foss., p. 297, pi. xciv, pi. xcv, figs. 1, 2.

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Diplothmema nervosum (Brongu.) Star, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 230.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mariopteris nervosa (Brongu.) Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. houill. Fr., pi. clxvii, figs.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pseudopecopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pi.

The rather comprehensive species, Mariopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill., seems to be represented by a single fragment from the vicinity of Clinton.nbsp;This fragment has a close resemblance to specimens of M. nervosa figured bynbsp;Sauveur,� Zeiller,^ and Stur,� or the figures given by the last-named author�nbsp;as Diplothmema muricatum (Schloth.) Stur. The specimen from Missourinbsp;differs from the common American form, which has very broad, triangularnbsp;leaves, by the somewhat ovate shape of the latter, which are constricted atnbsp;the base and turned slightly upward at the point.

On account of the many transitional and polymorphous phases observed in and between M. nervosa and M. muricata., Professor Zeillernbsp;and several others of the most distinguished paleobotanists agree to includenbsp;all these forms under the latter name. Our American material, however,nbsp;appears to show a much greater diversity of forms than the European, thenbsp;extremes being much farther apart, while the stratigraphic series covered bynbsp;the group is well mai'ked by the difference between the older and the younger

^Diplothmema trifoUolatum (Art.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., p. 349, pi. xix, figs. 1-4. � V�g. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pi. xliv, fig. 1.

forms; thus M. muricata is very highly differentiated in, and is confined almost exclusively to, the Pottsville series, while M. nervosa is characteristic of the Alleghany series, seldom being found within, and near the top,nbsp;of the Pottsville series. The relations of the muricata and nervosa typesnbsp;have been more fully discussed by the writer in the report on the fossilnbsp;plants from the McAlester, Indian Territory, coal field.^

The form in hand is not to be confused with the one that I have compared with M. muricata. The latter is most intimately related to a form from the upper part of the Pottsville series.

Locality.�Henry County, Missouri. Received from Dr. J. H. Bi�itts, Clinton, Missouri. Precise locality unknown. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5459

1879. Odontopteris sphenopteroides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 4, pi. xxi, figs. 3, 4; text, vol. i (1880), j). 139.

1881. Alethopteris nervosa (Brongn.) GoepiJ., Achepobl, Niederrb.-Westfal. Sieiuk., p. 42 (pi. xi, fig. 10!)

1883. Sphenopteris nobilis Acbepobl, Xiederrb.-Westfal. Steiuk., Brganzuiigsbl., iii, �g. 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

1886. Mariopteris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeiller, FI. foss. bouill. Valeucienues, Atlas, j)l. xix, figs. 3, 4; text (1888), p. 171.

Fronds quadripinnate, dichotomous, spreading, with a somewhat flexu-ous rachis; secondary (f) pinnae alternate, oblong-triangular, acute; tertiary (I) pinnae alternate, open, triangular-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point ornbsp;spine; rachis flexuous to correspond to the pinnation, canaliculate above,nbsp;terete beneath, finely obscurely striate, with a narrow border; ultimatenbsp;pinnae open, nearly at right angles below, more oblique above, close, generally slightly overlapping, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, rather acute,nbsp;usually terminating in a short spine; pinnules alternate, more or less open,nbsp;generally touching when fully developed, or even overlapping a little,nbsp;ovate-deltoid, somewhat constricted at the base, more or less deeply dividednbsp;into lobes or teeth, decurrent to border the usually slightly flexuous rachis,nbsp;the lower pair on each pinna polymorphous and compound, especially thenbsp;proximal one, which, in the lower pinnae, is once or twice divided in the manner characteristic of the genus; lobes or teeth deltoid, obtuse, inclined

upward, broader, more deeply dissected in the lower part of the pinnules and higher in the larger pinnules, varying much according to the development of the pinnule, becoming narrower, closer, and more spinous towardnbsp;the tip, where they often resemble short claws, the terminal one beingnbsp;usually finally developed as a spinous process; limb� not very thick, rathernbsp;coriaceous, arched upward between the nerves, and very finely striate innbsp;the direction of the nervation, probably by rows of minute hair-like scales;nbsp;nervation coarse, rather distant, slightly depressed above, clear and in reliefnbsp;beneath, originating at a single point on the rachis, curving rapidly outward,nbsp;and forking, often three or four times, rather openly, before reaching the borders, where they are slightly turned upward in entering the lobes or teeth.

In the course of my examinations of the Paleozoic plant types in the Illinois State Museum of Natural History and of the Missouri specimensnbsp;from the Lesquereux collection, now part of the Lacoe collection, I hadnbsp;opportunities to examine the type specimens from both the Missouri andnbsp;the Illinois localities and to verify their specific identity, together with anbsp;fine series of examples from the Missouri locality. This comparison hasnbsp;convinced me that the apparently anomalous nei'vation of the pinnules innbsp;figs. 3 and 4 of Odontopteris sphenopteroides on pi. xxi of the Coal Flora,nbsp;which are otherwise Sphenopteroid, is due entirely to imperfect drawing, thenbsp;actual nervation being more truthfully represented in the detail, fig. 3a, ofnbsp;the same plate, which is obviously not Odontopteroid. Additional material,nbsp;labeled perhaps at the time of description or soon after the publication of thenbsp;species, shows still more clearly the Mariopterid outlines and teeth, oftennbsp;developed into claws or blunt subspines, the terminal, especially in the largernbsp;pinnules and pinnae, passing into nearly naked prolongations of the mainnbsp;nerve or rachis. Thus, in pinnation, flexuosity, outlines, marginal wing,nbsp;lamina, and nervation, the species is plainly Sphenopteroid, of the groupnbsp;included by Professor Lesquereux in Pseudopecopteris or by Zeiller in Mari-opteris. In the younger pinnules the apex is somewhat obtuse-truncate andnbsp;cut into narrow and less blunt teeth.

In the mode of development of its pinnules, nervation, and limb, Mariopteris sphenopteroides suggests a dentate modification of Mariopterisnbsp;nervosa (Brongn.) ZeilL, or M. latifolia (Brongn.) Zeill.^ My own studies

'See Mariopteris muricata (Schloth.) ZeilL, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, pi. xx, figs. 2,3,4; M. acuta (Brongn.) ZeilL, loc. cit., pi. xviii, fig. 2. Also see Stur, Fame d. Carbon-FL, Viplotlimevianbsp;pilosum Stur, pi. xxxiv, fig. 2.

of tlie stratigrapliic changes of the floras in the Coal Measnres system of the central i)ortion of the Appalachian trough lead me to conclude that M.nbsp;spliempteroides is closer to M. nervosa than to any otlier species, both forms,nbsp;between which there are intermediate stages, ha^ung been developed fl-oinnbsp;a polymorphous earlier stock generally referred to Marmpteris muricatanbsp;(restricted) or Pseudopecopteris muricata as determined by Lesquereux.

The illustrations of M. sphenopteroides given hy Zeillex in his beautiful work on the Flora of the Valenciennes Basin ^ appear to me as somewhatnbsp;doubtfully referable to this species, being in some respects closer to thenbsp;form commonly identified in the United States as Pmmiopeeopteris nervosanbsp;(Brongn.) Lx. From his figures and detailed drawings it would seem thatnbsp;the pinnae are more obtusely pointed, instead of being spiiiou-s, the pinnulesnbsp;being emarginate or crenulate, not deeply dentate or dentate-sphious, andnbsp;the nerves less distant, coarse, or irregular than in the American form. Thenbsp;characteristic facies of the piniife of the latter, and even the nerv^ation,nbsp;which is relatively more distant and irregular than in M. nervosa, or strongernbsp;than in M. latifolia or M. acuta, are shown in the photographs, PI, X, or thenbsp;enlargement, PI. IX, Fig. la.

of Arkansas and in the Lower Productive Coal Measures (XJII) at Mazon , Creek, Illinois, and near Coalburg, West Virginia; and it thus far seems tonbsp;be characteristic of a limited zone near the base of the Lower Coal Meas-lU�es, or Alleghany series.

Localities.�Frequent at Owens�s coal bank, U. S. Xat. Mus., 5.532, 5707-5711; also at Oilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5533; Pitcher�s coalnbsp;bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5584 (f).

A few small fragments found among the collections represent a phase of a new species generally limited to the upper part of the Podsville seriesnbsp;in the American Coal Measures. This form, being exeeedmgly rare in thenbsp;Alleghany series of Missouri, is not present in sufficient material from this

� Fl. foss. basin honill. Valenciennes, Atlas, 1886, pi. xix, figs. 3,4; text (1888), p. 171.

region for a good diagnosis. I have concluded, therefore, to give only a figure of a Henry County specimen (No. 4438) m the Lacoe collection,nbsp;reserving its full description and illustration until the Pottsville flora isnbsp;specially treated, when this form will he shown to belong to the groupnbsp;represented by Mariopteris imiricata (Schloth.) Zeill., as commonly identifiednbsp;in this country. The plant in hand stands near the latter species.

LocMity.�The form is from Henry County, Missouri, No. 4438, Lacoe collection, �. S. Nat. Mus. The second specimen is from Owens�s coalnbsp;bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5437.

The specimen illustrated in PI. VII, Fig. 6, found among the later consignments sent by Dr. Britts, is the only representative in the collectionsnbsp;of a form which I have not yet been able to definitely correlate with anynbsp;described species. As will be observed in tlie photograph, the pinnatifidnbsp;pinnules, nearly developed into pinnae, are close, triangular, and noticeably decurrent. A remarkable feature is the very large proportion ofnbsp;the lower lobes as compared with the few small lobes succeeding them onnbsp;The pinnule. In fact, the upper part of the pinnule seems undeveloped.nbsp;Tlie rachis is finely lineate and very narrowly margined. The nervation,nbsp;shown in PI. VII, Fig. 6�, is decurrent and fairly distinct. The lamina,nbsp;slightly thickened, is dull, elevated in ridges between the nerves, andnbsp;bordered by a very narrow gutter. The general form of the pinnulesnbsp;and the features of the lamina are suggestive of Mariopteris nervosanbsp;(Brongn.) Zeill., while the form of the lobes and the character of thenbsp;nervation unite to remind one of the Marioiiteris muricata group. Still,nbsp;the generic reference of this specimen, which may represent either a newnbsp;species or an Old World form not understood by me, is considered merelynbsp;as tentative.

1822. Filicites-seat. Sphempteris Broiigiiiart, M�m. mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 233. 1826. Sphcenopteris Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xv.

1866. Sphenopteris rigida Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, pp.

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris (Gheilanthides) mixta Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 382.

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p.

1879. Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 9, pi. liv, figs. 2 (1, 3?); text, 1 (1880), p. 276.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pi. xv,

1886. Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Zeiller, FI. loss, houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. xii, fig, 3; text (1888), p. 95.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Kidston, Trans. Roy. Soc. Bdinb., vol. xxxv, 1,

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii., p. 987

1870. Sphenopteris sinuosa Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 409.

1872. An Sphenopteris (Aneimioides) pulchra Marrat, Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc., February, 1872, p. 101, pi. viii, figs, la �?

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pseudopecopteris nummularia (Gutb.) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 751,

Fronds tri- or polypiniiate, spreadiiig, extremely intricate and delicate; rachis narrow, usually rounded below, shallowly sulcate above, finely striate,nbsp;punctate by the attachment of rather distant spines or spiny scales, flexuous,nbsp;sometimes slightly geniculate, and bordered in the smaller divisions by anbsp;very narrow decurrent lamina; primary (?) pinnse oval (I), obtuse, lax, flexuous ; secondary (?) pinnae alternate, very long, linear-lanceolate, very slender, flexuous or slightly subgeniculate, open, generally at a right angle tonbsp;the primary (?) rachis, close or more often somewhat overlapping, hardlynbsp;contracted at the base, tapering from above the middle to a very slender.

generally flexuoiis point; ultimate pinnae alternate, very open, triangular-linear, sometimes extremely elongated or lanceolate-acute, varying as to size according to place in the frond, often somewhat geniculate, usuallynbsp;rather distant, but often contiguous or even overlapping, pinnatifid below;nbsp;pinnules alternate, open, often very small, sometimes extremely small,nbsp;ovate at first with a broad basal attachment, becoming ovate-triangularnbsp;and sublobate to 5 and more ovate close lobes, separated by annbsp;angular sinus, which is decurrent as the pinnules become pinnatifid, withnbsp;narrow attachment and diminishing marginal wing in passing downward;nbsp;lamina minutely rugose, rather thick, slightly repand at the margin;nbsp;nervation generally rather indistinct; nerves rather strong near the rachis,nbsp;thinning in passing uj^ward, a single primary nerve, originating at a rathernbsp;open angle and branching pinnately at a wide angle nearly opposite eachnbsp;sinus, the lower branches forking again in the larger lobes or pinnatifidnbsp;pinnules, all the nervation being generally clear on the under surface ofnbsp;the pinnule.

The true species, as first illustrated in the Illinois geological reports,^ the types of which I had an opportunity to examine in the Illinois Statenbsp;Museum of Natural History, is well represented by a large series of goodnbsp;specimens in the collections in hand. Recently, during a study of a portionnbsp;of the Lacoe collection, the examples figured in the Coal Flora^ as Pseiido-pecopteris mmimiilaria (Gutb.) Lx., which came from Henry County, Missouri,nbsp;were found to have been labeled Sphenopteris mixta Schimp, by Professornbsp;Lesquereux, a reference which seems to indicate the belief on his part, atnbsp;the late date when the specimens were catalogued, in the specific identitynbsp;of the specimens figured under the former name with Sphenopteris mixtanbsp;Schimp. After a careful comparison of the normal specimens of 8. mixtanbsp;with these types of Pseudopecopteris nummularia I can find no distinguishing specific character between them.

Concerning the specimen purporting to come from the same region, illustrated in the Atlas to the Coal Flora, pi. liv, fig. 1, under this name, Inbsp;feel constrained to regard it as not the same species. The original of thisnbsp;figure, transmitted to me for stud}^ through the kindness of Mr. Lacoe, is onnbsp;the v.rhole very poorly preserved, while the margins of the apparently some-

* Report Geol. Siirv. Illinois, vol. ii, 1866, pi. xxxix, figs. 5, 6. ^ Vol. iii, pi. ciii, figs. 1, 2,3.

what withered or macerated pinnules are curled under and buried in the mati'ix. The characters of the detail, fig. \a, loc. cit., I have been unablenbsp;to confirm in the large specimen, while the rough rachis and the generalnbsp;habit of the pinnae, which are quite inaccurately illustrated, are strongly suggestive of some specimens of Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx. found in the same beds.nbsp;No intermediate forms, such as might connect this specimen with the typenbsp;of Sphenopteris mixta, have, so far as I know, been found. On the contrary,nbsp;its characters would seem to indicate such a variation from the normal asnbsp;might be regarded as more than merely varietal.

The normal form of Sphenopteris mixta is well shown in Fig. 4, PI. XITI, which represents a middle portion of the tripinuate frond. Fig. 1,nbsp;PI. XII, shows a lax lateral segment with large pinnules, and Fig. 2, PI.nbsp;XII, illustrates a part of a large pinna having the aspect of the figure givennbsp;in the Illinois report.

Although this species is included b}^ Potoni�^ in the section of the Sphenopterids for which he created the genus Ovopteris, I am inclinednbsp;rather to regard it, on the evidence of its superficial characters, as relatednbsp;to Sphenopteris quercifoUa, S. microcarpa Lx., and the group represented innbsp;S. Hceninghausii Brongn.

Sphenopteris mixta, which in its habit and even in many details is close to the specimen figured by Stur'^ as Hapalopteris rotimdifolia (Andrii) Stur,nbsp;or to Sphenopteris Laiirentii as figured and described bjquot; Andrad and seennbsp;by myself in British specimens, is easily distinguished from Sphenopterisnbsp;Brittsii Lx. by the more robust habit, the spiny rachis not so flexuous, thenbsp;rougher lamina, and the sharp teeth of the latter. The differences betweennbsp;it and S. Lacoei are noted in the remarks following the description of the

Localities.�Owens�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5713, 5714, 5524, 5527, 5531; Gilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5458 ; Deepwater, IT. S. Nat.nbsp;Mus., 5692, 5521, 5522, 5529; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5712,nbsp;5715, 6037, 5687, 5522, 5526, 5530.

�Urweltl. Pli. Steinkohlengeb. Pr. Rheiul. n. Westplial., Pt. ill, 1869, p. 39, pi. xiii, figs. 1, 2, 3.

1893. Sphenopteris Lacoei D. White, Buii. U. S. Geol. Surv., Xo. 98, p. 56, pi. ii., figs. 5,6.

Fronds quadripinnate, spreading; primary pinnae broad, at right angles or somewhat oblique to the rachis; pi�imary rachis finely striated, flat, ornbsp;slightly arched, naked; secondary pinnae alternate, close, often somewhatnbsp;overlapping, oblique above, at right angles in the middle and curvingnbsp;backward below, slender, linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly contracted towardnbsp;the base, nearly straight or gently flexuous and curving, simply pinnate, ornbsp;pinnatifid below, the largest divisions being developed as ultimate jrinnae,nbsp;with the same relations to the secondary piunm as those of the latter to thenbsp;jjrimary pinnse; secondary rachis rather narrow, slightly flexuous to correspond to the position of the pinnules, and bordered, at least in the uppernbsp;part, by a very narrow lamina decurring from the pinnules; pinnules coriaceous, dull, flat, alternate, at right angles to the rachis below, obliquenbsp;above, close, sometimes contiguous, or overlapping, usually with a decurrentnbsp;attachment to the rachis, cordate-ovate, or somewhat querciform, slightlynbsp;obtuse at the apex, alternately lobed, more or less constricted at the base,nbsp;especially on the distal side, the blade connate by a nairow decurrentnbsp;lamina; the larger pinnules, about 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, constricted atnbsp;the base so as frequently to appear pedicellate, the smaller ones abovenbsp;becoming sessile by the slightly contracted base; lobes in the lower partnbsp;of the larger pinnules divided to near tlie midrib, larger than those above,nbsp;more or less distinctly cuneate toward the base, or rhomboidally roundednbsp;or ]-ounded-truncate at the broad top, slightly separated by a narrow, decurrent, rounded sinus, becoming in passing upward more connate and obovate,nbsp;smaller, more united, and more obtusely rounded, gradually passing intonbsp;the small indistinct terminal pinnule; lobes of the pinnatifid pinnulesnbsp;broadening, becoming more distant, more pointed and crenate, sessile bynbsp;the slightly contracting base, then lobate, and finally full-developed pinnules;nbsp;pi�imary nerves strong, somewhat decurrent, especially in the upper part ofnbsp;the pinme, though often appearing slightly inclined or at right angles to thenbsp;rachis in the lower part, sometimes appearing as a short pedicel; nervationnbsp;obscure, a pi�imary nerve passing into each lobe, and emitting nervils that

usually fork once, but a portion of the nervils in the lower part of the lobes apparently springing directly from the midrib; fructification unknown.

This delicate species, which is closely related to Sphenopteris mixta, is represented by several specimens. It appears, however, to differ from thenbsp;latter in having its lobes more rounded, obovate, truncate, and deeply dissected, the margins less sinuate, and the sinuses more rounded. It is furthernbsp;mai-ked by a greater degree of rigidity in the pinnm; the racliises are notnbsp;punctate, the pinnules thinner, smoother, and the nerves thinner and morenbsp;obscure. The s^jecimen illustrated in PI. XII, Fig. 3, is that from whichnbsp;the detail published in my report on the Flora of the Outlying Coal Basinsnbsp;was prepared.^

Localities.�Owens�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5516 (!), 5517; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5802; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5687.

Frond polypinnate, thin and extremely delicate; rachises of the larger pinnae slender, very obscurely and very finely striated; secondary (!)nbsp;pinnae linear, or linear-lanceolate, slightly flexuous; pinnae of the nextnbsp;order alternate, open to nearly a right angle, close or slightly touching,nbsp;triangular to linear-triangular, slightly flexuous, becoming lax in the uppernbsp;part, which is provided with pinnatifid pinnules above the ultimate pinnae ;nbsp;ultimate pinnae alternate, open, the lower ones at a right angle to the racliis,nbsp;short, oblong-ti�iangular or ovate-triangular, a little distant, sometimesnbsp;touching or nearly contiguous, and joined along the rachis by an extremelynbsp;narrow border; pinnules extremely small, alternate, oblique, rarely touching, ovate or obovate when very small, entire, round, attached by the wholenbsp;base or cohering one-third the way up, or, when larger, crenulate-sublobate,nbsp;cut into 2 to 5 round or oblong-round oblique lobes, which are connate mostnbsp;of their length, becoming separated by a deeper decurrent sinus when fullynbsp;matured as pinnules; nervation obscured in the thick texture of thenbsp;lamina; primary nerve originating at a somewhat open angle and forkingnbsp;to supply a nervil to each lobe or crenulation; fructification unknown.

This somewhat tmiqne species in our American Coal Measures flora is specially characterized by the extremely small size of its parts and itsnbsp;minute, rounded plmmles, which are round-crenulate or roundish, crenu-late-lobate in ahnost tl^e earliest stage, the lobes being marked as merenbsp;scallops or deep cremdations and cohering until a period of deeper dissection, to form simjfle round or oval pinnules, whereupon the latter begin atnbsp;once to show 2 to 5 or 7 crenulations, repeating the form of dense coherentnbsp;clusters.

When first examiniog tlie specimens the observer is at once impressed with the similarity ha tlieir form, habit, and grosser details to Sphenopterisnbsp;(Corynepteris) coraUokles Grutb.,^ the species to which S. Wardiana is perhaps most nearly related; but a study with the lens of the minute divisions shows difference in form, substance, and nervation as g�reat as thosenbsp;between many of the larger species in the group. The pinnules or lobesnbsp;in the plant from Missouri, Fig. 2, PI. XI, are much more ovate, not sonbsp;truncate, the ereimlations fewer and occurring on the sides of the roundednbsp;or ovate pimiules, neither so dentate at the top nor so constricted at thenbsp;base as hi the plant figured by Gutbier. In 8. Wardiana the texture ofnbsp;the pirmule is leathery, the principal nerves of no unusual thickness, andnbsp;the nervils, which are less fasciculate, are rather thin and difficult to discover. Sphenopteris- (xurntdemis Dn., from the Carboniferous of New Brunswick, is larg'er, more lax, the divisions inore elongated and less crenulate,nbsp;wliile the texture is membranaceous. In its general aspect 8phenoj)terisnbsp;Wardiana suggests a microphotograph of the smaller pinnules of 8. Lacoeinbsp;or 8. mixta. It belongs perhaps to that group of Sphenopterids representednbsp;by Sphenopteris Hceninghaiisii Brongn.

This interesting species is named in honor of Prof Lester F. Ward, whose thoug-htful and very thorough methods in the field of correlativenbsp;and philosophical paleobotany have revolutionized the treatment of fossilnbsp;plants in this country, while accomplishing a distinct benefit to the sciencenbsp;in its broader and more comprehensive aspects.

Localities.�Owens�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5617; Pitcher�s mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5615.

' See in particular the fragments and details given in Gutbier, Abdriicke, p. 40, pi. v, iigs. 8, 8a; or Zeiller. FI. foss. lionlll. Valenciennes, p. 117, pi. x, figs. 4, 4a, 5, 5a.

Fertile frond tripinnate; primary pinnse linear-lanceolate, acute; primary racliis broad, flat above, irreg-ularly finely striate; secondary pinnae open, somewhat oblique or nearly at a right angle to the primary rachis,nbsp;subopposite or alternate, rather distant, linear, tapering from the base to anbsp;rather acute point; secondary rachis indistinctly striate, more or less rigid;nbsp;ultimate divisions or pinnules subopposite, oblique, strongly decurrent,nbsp;either simple, cuneate, rounded above and arching inward, or forking oncenbsp;or more pinnately and divergently, always preserving the cuneate formnbsp;of lobes with rounded ends, while passing into the piiinse, which are at firstnbsp;1 cm. or more in length, with 5 to 7 pinnules, then elongating with dividednbsp;basal pinnules; lamina moderately thin, slightly rugose. Nervation thin,nbsp;the primary nerve forking pinnately at the base of each lobe or pinnule,nbsp;each of which is traversed by a branch. Fructification consisting of ovalnbsp;or round-oval sporangia placed one upon and nearly covering the end ofnbsp;each lobe or pinnule.

Although the sterile form of this species is not definitel}^ known to me, the fertile form possesses so much that is of interest and new to our floranbsp;that I describe it here without waiting for the correlation of the fertile andnbsp;sterile portions of the plant. Owing to the coarsely arenaceous characternbsp;of the matrix, the detail of the fruiting is not so clear as is desirable, thenbsp;general appearance of the compressed sporangia being that of granular,nbsp;carbonaceous matter. In this state it resembles somewhat the Discopterisnbsp;Sclmmanni of Stur�s Car bon-Flora. ^ But at several points the sporangianbsp;show a slightly raised ridge or keel parallel to the longer axis, apparentlynbsp;like that of the Hymenopliyllites figured by Schimper,^ and still morenbsp;strongly resembling the HymenotJieca Datliei of Potonie.� In fact, the relationship of our fern with that described by Potonie is so evident from thenbsp;details, so far as they are visible, as well as from the form and habit of thenbsp;frond, that little room for doubt is left as to its actual generic identit}^.

�Page 149, pi. Ivi, figs. 2, 3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� Trait�, vol. i, p. 415, pi. xxviii, figs. 4-8.

3 Jahrb. K. Pr. geol. Landesanst. ii. Bergakad., 1889 (1892), p. 20, pi. ii, figs, la, lb, Ic.

whatever questions may remain concerning the relationship of the genus Hyniemtheca to the Hymenophyllacece.

SpJienopteris Broadheadi seems to differ from the type species of Hyme-notlieca from Schwadowitz hy its more ovate lobes, generally more clearlv bi- or tripartite, and the larger or more oval sporangia.

The specimen photographed, Figs. 1 and la, PI. XIII, represents a segment from the upper part of a supposed primary pinna. It illustrates well the characteristic bi- or trilobation of the piimules or ultimate divisions,nbsp;which may be noted also in Fig. 2a, drawn from a large segment from thenbsp;middle of a tripinnate fragment. Unfortunately all tiie specimens appearnbsp;to show the upper surface of the fronds, so that the fructifications are seennbsp;in the impressions as depressed granular areas, lying within the peripherynbsp;of the limb, although close up in the apex. The position of the sporangianbsp;within the margin of the lamina seems to disagree with the fruit of Diploth-mema as developed in Biplothmema Zeilleri Stur,^ to the fertile pinnae ofnbsp;which the smaller divisions of our fossils bear a considerable resemblance.nbsp;Furthermore, as was remarked above, in a few instances there appears to benbsp;a longitudinal line traversing the sporangia in the Missouri specimens. Thenbsp;Sphenopteris fertilis, illustrated b}^ Renault,^ may belong to the same genus.

The general habit of the small pinnules in the upper part of our specimens is much like that seen in Sphenopteris tenella Brongn.� or in 8. Wood-tvardii Kidst.^ Our species seems also rather close to Hymenophyllites Hum-boldtii as figured by Groeppert,� while it is also comparable to Feistmantel�s figure� of Hymenophyllites 8chimp)eriana Goepp.

As remarked in the discussion of 8plienopteris missouriensis, that species may, perhaps, represent the sterile fronds of the jilant, to the fertile portionnbsp;of which I have given the name Sphenopteris Broadheadi. As stated before,nbsp;I have separated the fertile fragments on account of the differences in thenbsp;form of their pinn0amp;, in the degree of division or incision in proportion tonbsp;the size of the lobes or pinnules, and the greater simplicity of the largernbsp;and more decurrent lobes.

' ZeilJer, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. xv, figs. 5, 5a-i. ^Cours. bot. foss., vol. iij, pi. xxxiii, figs. 15,16.

Kiclston, Trans. Roy. Soc. Eclinb., vol. xxxiii, pi. xix, figs. 1, la-c. �Foss. Fl. Uebergangsgebirge, pi. xxxi, figs. 1,2.

Primarv (?) pinnae linear or linear-lanceolate, con�'acted at the base, with broad, very finely lineate rachis; pinnae of the next order alternate,nbsp;open, nearly at a right angle to the rachis in the lower part of the superiornbsp;pinna, becoming more oblique above, oblong-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate,nbsp;slightly contracted at the base, tapering rapidly in the upper part to anbsp;short, acute point, straight or slightly flexuous, close, nearly touching ornbsp;overlapping a little, sliglitl}^ dense, the rachis slender, slightly sinuate,nbsp;appearing on the lower side as a raised strand, with a narrow border;nbsp;ultimate pinnag veiy open, the lower ones neaidy at a right angle to thenbsp;rachis, alternate, rather close, touching or slightly overlapping in the lowernbsp;portion of the frond, deltoid-oblong, obtuse or obtusely rounded at the apex,nbsp;broadest at the deciirrent base, the lowest inferior one heteromorphous, thenbsp;uppermost succeeded by pinnatifid and simple pinnules; pinnules alternate,nbsp;oblique, the angle of their origin averaging about 4,5�, short and broad,nbsp;curving outward, close, nearly touching or sometimes overlapping, cuneate,nbsp;with round or round-truncate apex when small, or becoming obovate andnbsp;ovate or obovate-deltoid in the pinnatifid stage, ordinarily showing a markednbsp;tendency toward a broadly cuneate form, with the apex cut by a shallownbsp;sinus into 2 broad, rounded teeth or lobes, which are afterwards morenbsp;deeply separated, while others are formed from the upper division, so thatnbsp;the pinnule is cut into about 8 or 9 short, broad, obtuse lobes before thenbsp;lower ones develop the cuneate, shallowly bifid form so common in thenbsp;plant; lamina not very thick, very minutely striated in the direction ofnbsp;the nervation, apparently by the presence of extremely small appressednbsp;hairs; nervation fine, not very distinct, though slightly in relief on thenbsp;dorsal surface; primary nerve more or less distinctly decurrent, forking low,nbsp;at a moderate angle, to furnish a single nervil for each lobe.

The general aspect of this beautiful and graceful plant can be inferred from the photograph, PI. XIV, Fig. 1, prepared from the largest specimennbsp;found in the collection. As noted in the description, the conspicuous character of the pinnule is the outward-curved, close, cuneate, more or lessnbsp;bifid form, which after the development of other lobes is quickly reproduced

in the latter. The position of the pinnse on the right in this specimen indicates a point of origin beneath the sui�face of the rachis as here presented, which probably consists of a central axis with thick lateral laminae. Thenbsp;pinnae probably spring from the central axis.

SpJienopteris missouriensis is perhaps most closely related to the S. tenu-ifolia Brongn.,^ from which it differs by the more open angle of the pinnae, which are less acute, and the closer pinnules or lobes, which seem to be morenbsp;broadly cuneate, with more obtusely rounded teeth. It also resemblesnbsp;somewhat the specimens figured by Stur^ as Saccopteris grypopliylla (Goepp.)nbsp;Stur, or as Sphempteris formosa by Achepohl,� though these species differ innbsp;the details as much as in size.

I am far from certain that the fragments which I have described as Sphempteris Broadheadi are not really the fertile ])innae of S. missouriensis.nbsp;I have separated them, however, on account of the more slender, distant,nbsp;acute pinnse, and the more oblique and much more deeply dissected pinnulesnbsp;and lobes which remain simple or only bifid to a much larger size than innbsp;the latter species. While it is possible that the fertile pinnse represent onlynbsp;modified and somewhat reduced pinnse of the sterile species, it hardly seemsnbsp;probable that in such a case the individual ultimate divisions would retainnbsp;the common characters to a greater size while presenting a simpler form ofnbsp;division combined with a greater degree of dissection. The force of thisnbsp;will be seen in a comparison of the fertile pinnai with the smaller sterilenbsp;fragment. Fig. 2, PL XIV, which probably comes from the upper part of anbsp;frond of the same species as the large fragment. Both the fertile and thenbsp;sterile forms have probably a relation to the Cheilanthites {Sphempteris)nbsp;grypophylla Goepp.

The heteromorphous pinna seen at the base of the lower lateral pinna on the right in the large specimen is suggestive of a relationship for ournbsp;species to the genus Biplothmema Stur. The form of the large fragmentnbsp;illustrated is, however, opposed to such a consideration.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5663; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5664.

^P�ariie d. Carbon-Flora, pi. liii, fig. .5. �Niederrh.-Westfal. Steiiikobleugeb., pi. xiv, flg. 8, p. 51.

1866. Hymenophyll�espinna,tijidus Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. 8arv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 436, pl. xxxiv, figs. 2, 2a.

1879. Sphenopteris [HymenojyhylUtes) tridactylites Brongn., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, pl. Iv, figs. 9, 9a-h (�gs. 8, 8� ?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 284 (pars).

Fronds polypinuate, delicate, spreading; secondary (!) pinnae alternate, close, linear-lanceolate, sliglitly contracted at the base, tapei�ing to a rathernbsp;acute point; secondary rachis straight or slightly curving, somewhat sulcatenbsp;above, rounded beneath, minutely irregularly striate, naked; tertiary pinnaenbsp;alternate, nearly at a right angle to the superior rachis, nearly contiguousnbsp;or overlapping somewhat, usually very slightly decurrent at the base, linear-lanceolate, slightly narrowed at the base, tapering from below the middlenbsp;to an acute tip; tertiary rachis slightly flexuous, minutely winged near thenbsp;apex; ultimate piume alternate, at a right angle to the rachis, or nearly so,nbsp;generally slightly distant, sometimes touching or overlapping a little, 8 mm.nbsp;to 20 mm. or more in length, lanceolate or lanceolate-triangular, sometimesnbsp;slightly decurrent, terminating in a single oval, obtusely pointed pinnule, andnbsp;provided with ovate, rounded-obtuse, alternate or subopposite, simple, bi-,nbsp;tri-, or many-lobed pinnules, the latter becoming 7 to 8 lobed and elongatednbsp;in passing into pinnae; lobes or incipient pinnules oblique, decurring alongnbsp;the rachis, more or less deeply divided, according to the degree of development; limb dull, i-ather thin; nerves slightly flexuous, not very distinct,nbsp;forking pinnately to permit one nervil to enter each lobe; fructificationnbsp;consisting of groups of crowded sj^orangia situated on the lobes of the pinnules and covering the surface at or near the ends of the lobes; sporangianbsp;ovoid, about .375 mm. in longer diameter, and about .3 mm in the shorternbsp;diameter, apparently composed of cells elongated in the direction of thenbsp;longer axis, and opening by an apical pore.

It was only after an examination of tlie type specimen of Hynienopliyl-lites pinnatifidus Lx., illustrated in the second volume of the Reports of the Illinois Geological Survey,^ that it became evident to me that our Missourinbsp;specimens belonged to this poorly delineated species, which was afterwards

referred by Professor Lesquereux to Splieno])teris tridactylites Brongn. From the latter, however, so far as that species is illustrated and describednbsp;in foreign literature, HymenopJiyllites pinnatifidus differs very much, thenbsp;analogies being much closer to Sphenopteris delicatula Brongn. as figurednbsp;by Sauveur,^ Tricliomanites (Zeilleria) delicatula illustrated by von Roehl,�'�nbsp;or the Sphenopteris {Hapalopteris) ScJmtzei Stur, represented by Kidston innbsp;the flora from the Lanarkshire coal field.�

In PL XIX, Fig. 1, is shown a photograph of a poz�tion of the original of figs. 9 and da-h, on pi. Iv, of the Coal Flora, referred to Sphenopterisnbsp;tridactylites Brongn. The enlarged detail. Fig. la, PL XIX, of the sterilenbsp;pinna in this specimen (No. 4304 of the Lacoe collection), which comesnbsp;from the same locality as the other specimens before me, and representsnbsp;precisely the same form, shows the great difference in proportions betweennbsp;S. pinnatifida and the original type of the species of which it was made anbsp;synonym.

Fig. 9 in the plate of the Coal Flora includes only the middle one of three compound piinifB borne on the right of a somewhat flexuous rachisnbsp;3 mm. in width. Portions of alternately placed pinnse on the other side arenbsp;also fertile. Although the laminae or margins of the divisions of the pinnulenbsp;are obscure in the fertile frond, even where the sporangia are absent in thenbsp;lower part of the pinna, enough is clear to show that the form of the sterilenbsp;pinnules on the same pinna is the same as in the sterile pinna by its side.nbsp;Fig. 9� of the Coal Flora, which seems to agree with fig. 8a of fhe samenbsp;plate, fails to show either the real character of the division of the pinnule ornbsp;the open angles and space between the lobes, which are very delicate.

The sporangia seem to present the general aspect shown on the right in Lesquereux�s fig. 9a, though they are not so round. Under the lensnbsp;they appear to have a structure like that shown in the genus Urnatopterisnbsp;of Kidston,'^ which, in certain specimens less compressed, ours seems tonbsp;resemble in ovoid form and apical pore. But Urnatopteris has the sporangianbsp;in two rows, one on each side of the nerve of the lobe, wliile in Sphenop)terisnbsp;pinnatifida the sporangia seem to be in irregular groups. This compact group-

^ Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, 1884, p. 494. Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, 1888, p. 33, lig. 20.

ing of the sporangia is suggestive of Cyclotheca Kidstoii/ or possibly Myrio-theca of Zeiller,^ though in this form also they are described as biseriate. On the other hand, it is generally difficult, if not impossible, to trace the limbnbsp;of the pinnule beneath or beyond the sporangia, so that in most cases thenbsp;aspect of the pinnule is much like that of Hymenophyllites quadridactylitesnbsp;(Gutb.) Goepp.,� or still more the H. germanica of Potonie,'* to both ofnbsp;which our species would also seem related by the characters of the sterilenbsp;pinna. Sphenopteris pinnatifida is, however, in its habit, form, size, andnbsp;details, so close to the S. {Hymenophyllites) quadridactylites (Gutb.) Goepp. asnbsp;figured by Zeiller^ as to make it very strongly probable that the sporangia,nbsp;tlie apjjearance and mode of occurrence of which appear to be the same,nbsp;are really annulate and are generated from the extremities of the lobes.nbsp;Still, I have not yet been able cleai'ly to identify a ring in the sporangium.nbsp;These specimens should be studied more thoroughly in connection withnbsp;other matei�ial representing fertile ferns from tlie Paleozoic series.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5803, 5807, 5808; very rare at Gilkerson�s Ford. The specimen partially figured in thenbsp;Coal Flora from the same vicinity is No. 4304, Lacoe collection, U. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus.

1880. An Sphenopteris Duhuissonis Broiign., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 275 (excl. syii.); vol. iii (1884), p. 880 ?

Fronds tri- or poly- (!) pinnate, very tenuous and delicate; primary (?) pinme slightly flexuous, with a finely striate rachis consisting of a broadnbsp;axis bordered by thickened, rather narrow laminse; pinnse of the nextnbsp;order alternate, very open or even reflexed near the base, more obliquenbsp;above, close, touching or overlapping considerably, triangular, taperingnbsp;from the base to the acute or acuminate point, or long-linear, the sides

^Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, 1883, p. 186, pi. ix, figs. 18-20; FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 32, fig. 19.

^Goeppert, Systenia, 1836, i). 251. See also Zeiller, PI. foss. bonlll. Valenciennes, p, 56, fig. 36. �lt; Ueber einige Carbonfarne; Jahrb. K. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad., 1889 (1892), p. 23, pi.nbsp;iv, figs. la-c.

��^Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, pi. viii, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, h, o.

nearly parallel in the lower portion, and tapering from the middle upward, with a slightly flexuous, moderately strong, shallowly canaliculate,nbsp;extremely narrowly bordered rachis; ultimate pinnae alternate, open nearlynbsp;at a right angle near the base, becoming somewhat oblique higher up, close,nbsp;touching or somewhat overlapping, oblong, triangular, obtuse or slightlynbsp;obtuse, somewhat rigid, nearly equilateral, constricted at the hardly decurrent base, the lower inferior pinna slightly elongated, and joined along thenbsp;rachis by a very narrow, often obscure, wing; pinnules or lobes very small,nbsp;and delicately denticulate or ci�istate; when small, obovate, oval, or ovate,nbsp;and obtusely rounded above, cut into 2 to 5 short, rather broad and acutenbsp;teeth, and attached by nearly tlie whole width, with a rather broad decurrent wing; when larger, about 2.5-3.5 mm. long and about 1.5�2.5 mm.nbsp;wide, becoming more deeply dissected in 5 or 6 lobes, the lower ones ofnbsp;which already have each 2 or 3 teeth formed; lamina membranaceous, transparent; nervation very distinct; primary nerves of the pinnules or shorter ultimate pinnae rather strong, lineate, rigid near the base,nbsp;tapering in passing, slightly flexuous, to the summit; basal nerve of eachnbsp;pinnule or lobe originating at a very open ang�le, seldom decurrent, andnbsp;forking pinnately at a wide angle, one straight or slightly upturned nervilnbsp;entering and jjassing to the apex of each tooth.

The specimens to which I have given the above name represent one of the most beautiful and delicate species I liave yet seen from the Carboniferous of this country. It is remarkable for the extremely delicate andnbsp;lace-like effect of its regular pinnse and transparent limb, traced in a patternnbsp;of exquisite daintiness and intricacy. The plant is specially characterizednbsp;by the smallness and mode of dentition of the divisions and the tenuity ofnbsp;the laminae.

Tlie general aspect of Sphempteris van Ingeni is at once strikingly suggestive of Sphenopteris Dubuissonis Brongn.,^ under which name it wasnbsp;probably identified by Lesquereux from this region.^ Although there cannbsp;be no doubt that it is very closely related to and belongs in the same groupnbsp;with Brongniart�s plant, it differs from that species, as will be seen in Fig.nbsp;3, PI. XIII, and the enlarged detail, Fig. 3a, in the closer, much widernbsp;pinnae, and the more elongated, less constricted lobes or pinnules, which

'Hist. v�g. foss., pi. liv, figs, ia, 46, p. 195. ^^Coal Flora, vol. ill, p. 880.

are more numerously dentate, especially on the lateral margins. Splienop-teris temdfolia Brongn., to which, as figured by Gutbier,^ it bears some resemblance, is still more deeply dissected, while the details of the samenbsp;species given by Brongniart^ and Kidston� indicate a quite ditferent plant.

It is perhaps more closely related to S. Matlieti Zeill.,^ or S. minuti-secta F. and W.,� from the Upper Barren beds in the Appalachian trough.

I have seen in the collections specimens from Mazon Creek, Illinois, and the Lorway seam of Cape Breton labeled Splienopteris cristata Brongn.,nbsp;that are i-elated somewhat closely to this species. These specimens arenbsp;involved in the difficulty alluded to in my remarks on S. climrophylhules.

Locality.�All the specimens were collected by Mr. Gilbert van Ingen at Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat Mus., 5568, 5616.

1835 or 1836. Pecopteris ehcerophylloides Brongniart, Hist. vcg. foss., p. 367, pi. cxxv, figs. 1, 2.

1870. Pecopteris chccrophylloides Brongn., Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Snrv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 401.

1883. Pecopteris cluerophylloides Brongn., Renault, Cours. bot. loss., vol. iii, p. 124, pi.nbsp;xxi, figs. 10,11.

1838. Splienopteris cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, p. 131.

1880. Splienopteris cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Presl, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 270.

1886. Splienopteris cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Presl, Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. xi, figs. 1, Ifl., 2, 2�-amp;; text (1888), p. 90.

1883. lienaultia cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, p. 185, pi. ix, figs. 16, 17.

1888. Renaultia cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Zeiller, FI. foss. liouill. Valenciennes, p. 29.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hapalopteris typica Stur, Morph, u. Syst. Culm- u. Carboufarne, p. 29 (661), fig. 8.nbsp;1885. Hapalopteris typica Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., p. 27, fig. 8, p. 46, pi. xlii, figs.

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Splienopteris Gravenhorstii Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880?

1885. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hapalopteris cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., p. 176.

1888. Hapalopteris cluerophylloides (Brongn.) Stur, Schenk, Die foss. Pflarizenr., ji. 29. 1893. Ovopteris cheeropliylloides (Brongn.) Potoni�, FI. Eothl. Thiiringen, p. 44.

^Trans. Roy. Soc. EcUub., vol. xxxiii, pi. xix, figs. 2, 2lt;i-6. ^Fl. foss. honill. Commentry, vol. 11, pi. i, figs. 3-6, p. 49.

In the lists at the end of the third volume of the Coal Flora Sphenop-teris chceropliyllokles Brongn. is recorded^ as occurring in the vicinity of Clinton, Henry County, Missouri. But while a few specimens in the collections agree well with one identified hy Professor Lesquereux, which Dr.nbsp;Britts has had the goodness to loan me for comparison, it seems to differ innbsp;some respects from the details first illustrated in Brongniart�s species. Innbsp;fact, among the considerable number of American specimens that havenbsp;been ascribed to this species there would seem to be included representatives of several species, the individuality and characters of which can benbsp;developed only by a thorough scrutiny and detailed revision of the group ofnbsp;Sphenopterids, including 8. climropliyllokleSj 8. cristata Brongn., 8. Graven-liorstii Brongn., and 8. pseuclomurrayana Lx.

It is probable that the material on which the record of 8. Gravenliorstii Brongn. in the Clinton,flora was based is of the same nature as that identified as 8. chceropliyllokles. The specimen figured (PI. XIX, Fig. 2) differsnbsp;more from the 8. Brittsii type than any other included under the name 8.nbsp;cheerophylloides. It perhaps represents the form recorded as 8. Gravenliorstii.nbsp;At present I am far from certain that the Missouri specimens of the former,nbsp;if not of both species, are not really fragments of the smaller and morenbsp;delicate pinme of 8. Brittsii Lx. Nevertheless, until a thorough revision ofnbsp;the American material in this section of the genus 8phenopteris (Ovopteris)nbsp;is made, so as to show the true relations of the forms, I shall record thisnbsp;plant as 8. chceropliyllokles, in respect to the identification of Professornbsp;Lesquereux.

Localities.�Identified by Professor Lesquereux from Ho.bbs�s bank; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5518; Owens�s coal bank, U. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus., 5519.

1835 or 1836. Pecopteris cristata Brongniart, Hist. veg. foss., p. 356, pi. exxv, fig. 4 (5?). 1838. Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, in Sternberg: Versucb, vol. ii, p. 131.nbsp;1855. An Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 19,nbsp;pi. xxiv, figs. 1, Iffl, 2, 2(1?

1869. Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, von Roehl, Foss. FI. Steink. Westphalens, p. 60, pi. xxix, figs. 14, 14(1.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris cristata (Brougn.) Presl, Schimper, in Zittel: Hand. Palreont., vol.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. i, p. 274; vol.

1890. Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, Zeiller, Fl. foss. lioiiill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 64, pl. iii, flgs. 1, la, 2, 2a-b.

The remarks made under 8. clmrophylloides Brongn., referring to the differentiation of the specimens in the United States that have been assignednbsp;to that species, appl}'' with equal force to 8. cristata Brongn. In the collectionsnbsp;now in hand are a number of specimens with narrow terete and nonpunctatenbsp;rachises and a rather thin, smooth limb, on which the veins are clearly seen,nbsp;the nervation and mode of division of the pinnules being very close tonbsp;8'pliempteris cristata as illustrated by Brongniart ^ and Zeiller.� The Missourinbsp;specimens also agree well with others from Mazon Creek, Illinois, placed bynbsp;Lesquereux in the same species.

The relations of the American specimens in 8. cristata to those identified as 8. clmrophylloides can best be shown in a monographic revision of this section of the Sphenopterids.

Localities.�Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5504; Owens�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5503, 5507; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;5505.

Frond tri- or polypinnate, rather compact; secondary (!) pinnae lanceolate, contracted somewhat at the base, acute, slightly flexuous and lax; rachis slender, slightly flexuous in accordance with the bases of the lateralnbsp;pinnae, shallowl}^ canaliculate above, terete below, minutely lineate, andnbsp;very distantly punctate; ultimate pinnae alternate, open, somewhat reflexednbsp;at the base, becoming oblique toward the top, rather close, a little distantnbsp;or touching, often gently curved, oblong, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,nbsp;acute, slightly narrowed at the base; pinnules large, close, usually touchingnbsp;or slightly overlapping, oblique, ovate or ovate-oblong, slightly curved

' Hist. v�g. foss., p. 356, pl. cxxv, fig. 45. The figure of the enlarged iiinnule is coiiied iu Les-quereux�s Coal Flora, vol. iii, pl. cii, fig. la.

upward, obtuse, entire, or slightly crenulate before becoming pinnatifid, a little decurrent and narrowly connate; lamina thin, dull, arched gentlynbsp;backward toward the margin; nervation quite distinct, clear on the uppernbsp;surface of the pinnule, in relief on the lower surface; primary nerve obliquenbsp;or slightly decurrent in the lower part, which is much nearer to the inferiornbsp;than to the snperior angle of the pinnule, thin, though sometimes appearingnbsp;double on the lower side of the lamina, slightly geniculate at the bases ofnbsp;the nervils, and passing to near the apex of the pinnule; nervils rathei�nbsp;distant, oblique, at a variable angle of divergence, simple and straight in thenbsp;upper part of the rather small pinnules, generally forking once below thenbsp;midrib, and, in the larger pinnules, the upper branch usually forking again.

The specimens representing this species are quite uniform in their characters, the most conspicuous of which are the form, compactness, size,nbsp;and entireness of the pinnules, and the distinctness, thinness, and distancenbsp;of the nervation.

Fragments of the pinnm might, at first glance, be taken for some form of Pecojderis, e. g., P. clintoni Lx., on account of the resemblance in the sizenbsp;and outline of the larger pinnules and isolated ultimate pinnm. The modenbsp;of division and the other featnres of the rachis, which is here and therenbsp;marked by punctation, and the nervation are, however, those of Sphenopteris.

The relation of this species is with the gi�oup represented by Sphenop-teris cristata Brongn. and S. chceropliylloides Brongn., the nervation of which is plainly similar. In a few instances, where the backward-arched marginnbsp;is broken or buried in the matrix so as to render the jfinnules more pointednbsp;with rough borders, the resemblance to some of the American specimensnbsp;listed as 8. chceropliylloides is especially strong, and it is not impossible thatnbsp;our plant may have been in certain cases identified as that species.

Sphenoptteris suspecta is readily distinguished from 8. chceropliylloides Brongn. and 8. cristata Brongn. by its more broadly ovate, obtuse pinnulesnbsp;with entire margins. The nervation differs much from 8. Integra Andra,nbsp;while the margins, thin lamina, and more slender character of the pinneenbsp;preclude any confusion with partially covered fragments of 8. Brittsii Lx.

Localities.�Owens�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5650, 5651, 5652; Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5649, with Cordaites communis Lx.nbsp;and Ilysterites Cordaitis Or. �E�y.

1879. Sphenopteris Britts� Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pl. Iv, figs. 2,2b- text, vol. i (1880), p. 277 (vol. �i, 1884, p. 764, pl. cii, figs. 3,4, 4a?).

1883. Sphenopteris Britts� Lesquereux, 13tli Bept. Geol. Siirv. Indiaua, p. 216, pl. xv, flg. 3.

1890. Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 983, text fig. 1893. Ovopteris Brittsii (Lx.) Potonie, FI. Eothl. Thiiringen, p. 44.

Fronds large, tri(poly-!)pinnate; racliis of the various orders well developed, flexuous, sometimes slightly subgeiiiculate, low-rounded beneath, broadly and shallowly canaliculate on the upper surface, faintly striate,nbsp;rough, provided with short lax scales or spinous scales; primary (f) pinnsenbsp;alternate, very open, often at a right angle to the rachis, or reflexed, standing close, usually overlapping,'flexuous or sinuate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, more or less lax, contracted toward the base and jjresenting anbsp;rather rough surface and ragged margin on account of the uneven laminanbsp;and the slightly repand and sharp-toothed border; pinnae of the next ordernbsp;alternate, open, somewhat arched backward below, flexuous, close, frequentlynbsp;overlapping, usually curving upward and parallel, but often at a right anglenbsp;to the rachis, and sinuate, linear, tapering from near the base to the slightlynbsp;obtuse apex, sometimes very slender, flexuous, and reduced toward the base;nbsp;ultimate pinnae alternate, generally rather- close, less often touching ornbsp;slightly overlapping, very open, nearly at a right angle to the rachis in thenbsp;lower part of the pinna, ovate-triangular, obtusely pointed, wider on thenbsp;upper side at the base, usually curving upward somewhat, slightly flexuous,nbsp;with depressed, well-marked punctate-rugose rachis, and joined by a narrownbsp;decurrent lamina; pinnules alternate, close, compact, usually slightly overlapping, set obliquely by a broad attachment, ovate or ovate-triangular,nbsp;arching upward, unsymmetrical, much wider on the upper side at the base,nbsp;the lower side being slightly reduced, broadly ovate, the upper part pin-nately cut in narrow, very short, obtuse, strongly upward-pointed teethnbsp;when young, becoming more triangular and pinnately lobed by very shallownbsp;narrow sinuses in five or more upward-inclined divisions when larger, thenbsp;lobes broad, truncate-rounded, bi- or tri- to quinquedentate, increasing to

small pinnules, the decnn-ent sinuses between the latter gradually approaching the rachis but not reaching it; lamina rather thick, rugose, often arched between the nervils, and usually somewhat repand, so as to conceal thenbsp;teeth in the matrix; nervation generally clear, the primary nerve strong,nbsp;originating at a moderate angle, but slightly if at all decurrent, slightlynbsp;subgeniculate near the top, forking pinnately at a rather open angle at thenbsp;base of each lobe, each secoi:idary nerve in the pinnatifid pinnules forkingnbsp;pinnately again in the middle portion of the lobe to furnish one obliquenbsp;upward-turning nervil, which passes to the apex of each tooth.

One of the most common species in the flora of the Coal Measures about Clinton is that described by Lesquereux in the first volume of thenbsp;Coal Flora as Sphenopteris Brittsii. Fragments of this species are foundnbsp;scattered over a large proportion of the slabs, and, although its surface isnbsp;rugose and irregular, often ragged in appearance, the slender sinuous jjinnaenbsp;are frequently pleasing in general effect.

The semblance of a smooth margin in the lobes of many examples is due to a slight convexity of the pinnules and the consequent concealmentnbsp;of the teeth in the matrix, and is not really so frequent nor so complete asnbsp;might be inferred from the figure in the Coal Flora. On this account Inbsp;have sought to represent, by photo-reproduction, figures of portions whichnbsp;will show the margin as well as several phases in the development of thenbsp;pinnge. The margins are decurrent in the specimen figured by Lesquereux,nbsp;as well as in ours. The former also shows the punctate rachis, often slender or somewhat geniculate. The puuctations on the stem are found to benbsp;the basal scars of short spines. The compound pinnules are always decurrent, bordering the rachis with a narrow wing. Very rarely, when thenbsp;margins are broken away or concealed, the most slender pinnae of Sphenopteris Brittsii resemble S. mixta Schimper, but even in these attenuated pinnsenbsp;the species can be readily distinguished by the more rugose, coriaceousnbsp;texture, the uneven surface of the limb, the much stronger rachis, denselynbsp;punctate, the broad, compact pinnules, the more ovate lobes, the straighternbsp;pinnae, and the dentition, seen even in the earliest stage of the division.

Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx. belongs naturally to the section of the, Sphe-nopterids represented by S. cJmrophylloides Brongn., or S. cristata Brongn., which Potoni�^ separates as a distinct genus, Ovopteris. Our specimens

are, iu fact, close to S. cristata, and seem to liave been slightly confused in the Missouri collections with both that species and S. cheeropliylloides.nbsp;Wliile agreeing in several features with the former, it may be distinguishednbsp;in small fragments by the thick coriaceous texture, the compact upward-curving pinnules, and the teeth situated on the distal margin of the pinmdenbsp;or lobes azid pointing upward.

Tlie characters last named, combined with the strongly unequilateral pinnules, frequently give the more slender pinnae an appearance suggestivenbsp;of Sphenopteris Essingii Andrii or S. inceqinlateralis Lx.^

I have seen no fertile pinnae from Missouri which seem to me to be definitely referable to this species. The specimens from Nelsonville, Ohio,nbsp;described and figured in the third volume of the Coal Flora,^ the types ofnbsp;which are in the Lacoe collection, have a smooth rachis, a thin,. smoothnbsp;lamina, much more slender pinnules, and some differences in dentition andnbsp;nervation, so that it will, I believe, be necessary to regard them at presentnbsp;as varietally if not specifically distinct.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5703, 5706, 5669, 5495, 5497, 5501, 5502, 5626, with abundant Spirorhis carbonaria-, Deepwater,nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mus., 5704, 5494, 5498, 5668; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat.nbsp;Mus., 5500; Owens�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5705.

1881. Sphenopteris liymenophylloides Broiign., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p, 764, pi. cii, fig. 2 (excl. syn.).

The original of the figure published iu the Coal Flora as Sphenopteris hymenophylloicles Brongn., and which is now No. 4262 in the Lacoe collection, I find to have been labeled later by Professor Lesquereux, togetliernbsp;with other specimens of the same form, as Sphenopteris Guthieriana Grein.nbsp;That the type from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, can hardly represent Brong-niart's speciesquot; appears probable from a comparison of the above-cited figurenbsp;in the Coal Flora with that given by Brongniart. The American specimens

differ in the angle and form of the pinnules, the lobes being much more deeply denticulate, while the nerves are straight and fork in adaptation tonbsp;a more prevailingly bifid instead of trifid tendency in the system of thenbsp;division of the lobes. Moreover, S. liymenopliylloides Broiign. was describednbsp;from the Oolite of Whitby, in Yorkshire.

Our specimens, including the fragments from Missouri, are characterized especially by the alate pinnules and lobes, bifid in their system of division and traversed by very distinct, strong, straight, rigid nerves.nbsp;Thus, while it is apparently closely related to S. Giithieriana Greinitz^ ornbsp;S. Picandeti Zeiller,^ it seems to me to be hardly admissible to either. Both,nbsp;especially the former, have the pinnse more slender, acute, decurrent, andnbsp;less alate. S^jhenopteris Picandeti Zeill. has the pinnules narrower at thenbsp;base, the lobes less often bifid, the nei�ves more slender. The lower pinnulesnbsp;of the smaller pinnae of S. canneltonensis are often broadly alate, and exceptnbsp;for the sharp teeth, neaidy truncate at the broad apex. From the form ofnbsp;the pinnation seen in the segments from Cannelton I suspect that the frondnbsp;has the mode of division illustrated by ZeillerMn Diplotlmiema Zeilleri Stur,nbsp;to which our species is obviously very close, probably more closely relatednbsp;than to any other, though in this, too, we seem to have a much more delicatenbsp;and elongated system of pinnation, the divisions being narrower and thenbsp;lobes acuminate. Specimens from Cannelton which are perhaps doubtfullynbsp;separable from 8. canneltonensis were identified by Lesquereux as 8. suhlo-hata Weiss. It is possible that a comparison of specimens or a morenbsp;complete representation of 8. canneltonensis may prove its identity withnbsp;the Piplothmema Zeilleri Stur.

For the present, since the American specimens, which deserve further illustration, can hardly be referable to 8plienopteris Jiymenophylloides Brongn.,nbsp;or 8. Guthieriana Gein., I name them after the locality in Pennsylvanianbsp;from which the specimen figured by Lesquereux was obtained. This figured specimen, No. 4672 of the Lacoe collection, is thus the type of thenbsp;SpJienopteris canneltonensis.

Localities.�Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5665; a very doubtful fragment is from Owens�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5569.

* Gutbier, Abdriicke, pi. iv, fig. 13. Geinitz, Verst. Steiukohlenf. Sachsen, p. 15, pi. xxiii, fig. 10.

� Zeiller, FI. foss. honill. Valenciennes, p. 151, pi. xv, fig. 5; pi. xvi, fig. 12. Star, Fame d. Carbon-Flora, p. 329.

Frond tripiiiiiate or polypimiate, delicate; secoiidar}^ (I) pinnse alternate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, tapering to a rather obtuse point; racliisnbsp;slender, somewhat flexuous, round, naked, smooth; ultimate pinnee oval-lanceolate, alternate, close, rarely overlapping a little, slightly oblique, ornbsp;nearly at a right angle to the racliis; pinnules alternate, hardly contiguous,nbsp;often with broad, �talk-like attachment, joined by a narrow wing decurringnbsp;along the racliis, ovate, sublobate in 3 to 5 more or less distinctly marked,nbsp;distally directed, rounded or obtusely jioiiited teeth or lobes; limb thin,nbsp;dull, minutely rugose, cut in acute decurrent sinuses between the pinnulesnbsp;and lobes; nervation rather indistinct, the median ner-s^e originating at annbsp;acute angle with the racliis, curving outward, branching piniiately at anbsp;moderate angle, one nervil passing into each lobe or tooth.

The more salient features of this interesting plant are the compact ultimate pinnai and the more or less distinctly broadly ovate pinnules ornbsp;lobes which are slightly incised by very broad, shallow sinuses or crenula-tions to form broad, rounded, erect lobes, the lower being inclined sonbsp;obliquely as to give the pinnule a slightly stalked appearance. Thenbsp;pinnules are more or less oblique, with a notably broad attachment withnbsp;the marginal wing. The nerves, which are incorrectly delineated in Fig.nbsp;3a, are slender and flexuous, forking at a moderate angle to furnish onenbsp;nervil for each lobe. They are mostly obscured in the smooth or verynbsp;minutely rugose, dull, opaque lamina. The mode of division and lobationnbsp;of this specimen is suggestive of that shown by Gutbier^ in his Sphenopterisnbsp;rutafolia [non (Eichw.) Schimp.], though the members of the latter, whichnbsp;is referred to the Sjjh. gracilis type, are smaller and more deeply dissected.

The texture, surface, obscure nervation, and the more compact pinnules, provided with but few very broadly rounded crenulations or teeth, are characters by which the form before us can readily be distinguishednbsp;from corresponding portions of Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx., in which the margin

may be broken or buried in the matrix so as to present a somewhat similar outline.

Locality.�Near Clinton, Hemy Countv Missouri; precise locality unknown; U. S. Nat. Mus., 5662.

1870. Alethopteris hymenophylloides Lesquereux, Rept. �Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 393, xgt;l. X, figs. 2, 3, 4 (non fig. 1).

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alethopteris hymenophylloides Lx., Andrews, Elem. Oeol., p. 177, fig. 323.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pseudopecopteris hymenophylloides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pi. Ivi,

Fronds tri- or poly-(l) pinnate, lax, rather delicate; form of primary pinnge not sufficiently known for description; secondary (!) pinnse oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute, rather dense though delicate, the rachis beingnbsp;rather slender, finely lineate, rounded beneath, shallowly canaliculate onnbsp;the upper side, with narrow thread-like central strand in relief on the back,nbsp;giving off thread-like branches for the pinnae of the next order, and bordered by a wide lamina; ultimate pinnae alternate, oblong-lanceolate ornbsp;oblong-triangular, broadest at the base, rather blunt pointed, open or somewhat oblique, close, usually slightly overlapping, provided with simple ornbsp;pinnatifid pinnules in the lower portion, becoming pinnatifid, and crenulate-lobate by the confluence of the pinnules near the top, and joined at the basenbsp;of the decurrent lamina; rachis of the ultimate pinnas thread-like, terete onnbsp;the back, nearly straight and often decurrent at the base to meet the superior rachis at a very nan�ow angle; pinnules alternate, oblique, usually atnbsp;an angle of nearly 45� of divergence from the rachis, close, usually touching or slightly overlapping, generally curving slightly upward, either whennbsp;small, short, oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, .75-1.5 mm. wide, obtuse or obtuselynbsp;pointed at the top, coimate up to near the middle, or, when larger,becomingnbsp;ovate and oblong-ovate, obtuse, and developing at first 1 to 3 very erect,nbsp;narrow, obtuse teeth above the middle, later bearing 4 to 6 short broadnbsp;teeth, and, becoming cut into 6 to 9 longer obtuse teeth, soon passing thenbsp;lobate stage into pinnules, the lower pair of which are usually quite oblique,nbsp;although the lowest inferior pinnule is sometimes heteromorphous; lamina

thin, smooth, slightly arched; nervation moderately clear; nerves narrow, straight or nearly straight, somewhat rigid, slightly depressed or obscurenbsp;on the upper surface, distinct and somewhat in relief on the back; primarynbsp;nerve emitted at an angle of about 45�, very rarely decurrent at the base,nbsp;and giving off simple branches at an angle of nearly 40�, one nervil to passnbsp;into each lobe or crenulation, the dentate pinnules having but one simple,nbsp;slightly upwai'd turning, rigid nerve to enter each of the few teeth, thenbsp;younger pinnules having a single nervil, which gives off a branch for eachnbsp;incipient crenulation or developing lobe; fructification unknown.

The smaller type, illustrated in the Fourth Illinois Report^ as Aletho^)-teris liymenoiffiylloides Lx., and in the Coal Flora^ as Pseiidopecopteris hynieno-2)hylloides Lx., is represented in the Missouri collections by several specimens, two of which are shown in PI. XIX, Fig, 4, and PI. XLIV, Fig. 1. The latter, which shows a section from the cipper part of a compound pinna,nbsp;is comparable to fig. 3 of the plate in the Coal Flora, while the former,nbsp;which includes the apex of a slender pinna similar to the upper part of thenbsp;same type, agrees precisely with a specimen (No. 3984 of the Lacoenbsp;collection) from Mazon Creek, the type locality, identified under the abovenbsp;name by Professor Lesquereux. Other fragments agree with the detailsnbsp;and lower portions of Lesquereux�s fig. 3, and leave, in fact, no doubt as tonbsp;the identity of our plant with the small original type of Fseudopecop)terisnbsp;liymenophylloides Lx.

The more salient characteristics in the examples from both States are tlie thread-like, wide-bordered axis in the rachises, from which the strandsnbsp;turn off to the subordinate pinnas, the rather smooth, oblique pinnas provided with relatively few pinnules, the small pinnules or connate lobesnbsp;generally very oblique and distant, and the simplicity and apparent rigiditynbsp;of the nervation, the nervils being regular in the angle of their divergencenbsp;and seldom forking in the pinnule or lobe or small pinnule until a tooth isnbsp;in process of formation. The usual form of the pinnule is seen in thenbsp;larger fragment, PI. XLIV, Fig. 1. It is especially difficult to distinguishnbsp;the pinnules from pinnae, owing to the early passage to a pinnatifid arrangement in the lower portion of the pinnules. The formation of the first toothnbsp;on the lobe, or of the first lobe on the pinnule, whichever term is applied

^ Atlas, p. 10, pi. Ivi, figs. 3,3a-h, copied from Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv.

to these divisions, is marked by an outward pushing' of the lamina on the proximal margin above the middle so as to form a step-like offset in thenbsp;margin, which is gradually cut into a rather blunt, broad lobe or tooth bynbsp;the descent of an oblique sinus. Another characteristic of the species isnbsp;the upward direction of the divisions, which, except when the lower inferiornbsp;lobe is polymorphous, brings the points of the lower lobes or teeth a considerable distance from the base of the pinna or pinnule.

As will be seen from the above notes and a comparison with the original figures, the smaller type illustrated by Lesquereux is very different in form, division, and nervation from the larger type shown in fig. 1, pi. x, ofnbsp;the Illinois Report, copied as fig. 2 of the plate in the Coal Flora. In short,nbsp;it does not seem possible that pinnse with the type of large, lax, rathernbsp;broadly confluent, crenulate pinnules with a flexuous, rather narrowlynbsp;bifurcated and outward-cmn ing system of nei'vation illustrated in thisnbsp;figure could have belonged to the same species as that described above.nbsp;Accordingly, I find myself impelled to separate this larger form, fig. 1 of thenbsp;Illinois Report or fig. 2 of the Pennsylvania Report, from the small speciesnbsp;lying before me; and since this smaller species from Illinois and Missourinbsp;seems in its form, mode of division, and nervation to be a Sjihenopteris rathernbsp;than either a Pse%ido2)ecopteris or a Pecopteris, I am constrained, though notnbsp;without regret, to give it a new name, there being already a Si^lienopterisnbsp;liymeno])liyUoides Brongn.

Should the mode of division in the frond of our species be found to be that of Pseudopecopiteris, then either the specific name liymenopliylloides Lx.nbsp;may be restored, in which case it will be necessary to furnish some othernbsp;designation for the large species from Mazon Creek, Illinois, or the namenbsp;illinoisensis may be continued, the species represented by the large typenbsp;being still known by its original appellation.

Locality.�Hobbs�s coal bank, IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5564, 5661, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;17.

1879. Sorocladus ophioglossoides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pi. xlviii, fig. 11; text, vol. i (1880), p. 329.

Fronds large, quadripinnate or polypinnate; primary pinnae rather dense, rough, and somewhat rigid; secondary pinnae oblique, alternate.

overlapping, parallel, lanceolate; tertiary pinine open, alternate, rigid, overlapping a little, lanceolate, or lanceolate-triangular, rather obtuse, with stout, roughly striate rachis, which is shallowly canaliculate on the ventralnbsp;surface; ultimate pinnse alternate, open, somewhat flexuous, nearly touching or slightly overlapping, rather dense, ovate-oblong or lanceolate,nbsp;obtuse, with irregular surface; pinnules alternate, when very small broadlynbsp;ovate, close, and decurrent, becoming confluent and obliterated toward thenbsp;to]? of the pinna, or, when larger, crenulate and cut in rounded or ovate,nbsp;decm-rent, outward-curved lobes in the lower part, crenulate and* ovate-rounded above, the largest ones ovate-triangular, ver}^ obtuse and pinnatifid,nbsp;with a broad attachment sometimes slightly elongated to form a broad, verynbsp;short, decurrent footstalk with narrow borders decurring along the rachis;nbsp;lamina coriaceous, slightly furrowed over the primary nerve in the largernbsp;pinnules, repand; nervation quite distinct, coarse, and usually slightly salient on the upper surface, giving the pinnule a very rough aspect; primarynbsp;nerve strong, originating obliquely, curving, often quite decurrently, flexuous, more or less distinctly subgeniculate in adaptation to the secondarynbsp;nerves at the bases of the lobes or crenulations; secondary nerves, one fornbsp;each lobe or crenulation, given off at a rather open angle, and forking oncenbsp;or twice at a wide angle, all the divisions, especially the upper branches,nbsp;curving strongly outward; and each forking once or twice again, accordingnbsp;to the stage of the development of the lobe, the nerves of each lobe ornbsp;very small pinnule having a fasciculate appearance, and strongly archednbsp;upward, the ultimate nervils passing jjarallel to the margin, which, in thenbsp;larger lobes, they reach at nearly a right angle to the midrib; fertilenbsp;pinnae very different from the sterile pinnae, in the lower or middle portion of which they are probably borne; consisting primarily of oblong ornbsp;oblong-ovoid, more or less curved, fleshy pinnules about 8-12 mm. longnbsp;and 2-3 mm. in width, borne alternately and apparently sessile on a broadnbsp;rachis; sporangia fusiform, about 1.75 mm. long, and .75 mm. in width nearnbsp;the base, tapering to an acute point, apparently an-anged pendent or somewhat inflexed in a close or crowded fringe about the margin of the fertilenbsp;pinnule.

Among the specimens last transmitted by Dr. Britts from Clinton are several fragments of sterile pinnae which, almost without doubt, belong to thenbsp;same plant as the fertile specimens described from the same beds nearly

twenty years ago by Professor Lesqnereux under tlie name Sorocladus opJiio-glossoides} The extremely close relationship of the sterile pinnae from Missouri with others from Mazon Creek, Illinois, which the unpublishednbsp;manuscript and drawings of Professor Lesquereux show in direct connection with Sorocladus sagittatus Lx.,- the identity of structure which on examination of the type specimens I find to exist between Sorocladus ophioglossoidesnbsp;and Sorocladus sagittatus^ and the surprising and impressive analogy of bothnbsp;the fertile and the sterile segments of the American species to the corresponding portions of Splienopteris Boidayi Zeill., and Splienopteris Crepininbsp;ZeilL, from the Valenciennes basin, place beyond doubt the relationship ofnbsp;the sterile fragments from Missouri to the group represented by Sorocladusnbsp;sagittatus Lx. And since the remarkable affinities between the Missourinbsp;and the Illinois sterile forms compel us to expect a fertile pinna for thenbsp;Missouri species very similar to that described from the other State, we cannbsp;hardly avoid the conclusion that Sorocladus ophioglossoides, which completelynbsp;satisfies these conditions and fulfills the analogies, is really the fertile portion of the species to which the fragment illustrated in PI. XX, Figs. 3, 4,nbsp;which conies from the same region, belongs.

It would manifestly be unjust to anticipate the publication of any data included in the manuscript report of Professor Lesquereux, howevernbsp;interesting might be the comparison of the details therein contained.nbsp;Consequently no further reference will be made to the sterile specimensnbsp;from Illinois.

The Missouri specimens before me are specially characterized by the irregular appearance of the surface of the pinnm, the system of crenulatenbsp;lobation, and the ragged aspect of the nervation, which appears fasciculatenbsp;at the base of the lobes, and arches strongly upward.

The types of Sorocladus ophioglossoides Lx., from Henry County, now in the Lacoe collection (Nos. 4170-4172) in the United States Nationalnbsp;Museum, bear a very striking and interesting resemblance in their form, innbsp;the characters of the fleshy lamina, and. the fringe of sporangia about thenbsp;latter, suggesting, as Zeiller remarks, fringed epaulets, and even in thenbsp;superficial characters of the sporangia, to the type of Splienopteris Boulayi

� Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 329, pi. xlviii, figs. 10-106; vol. iii, p. 760, pi. o, figs. 4, 6. Through a misunderstanding a very incomplete drawing of one of the specimens examined by Professor Lesquereux was included in Lesley�s Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. G06.

ZeilL, illustrated in figs. 4 and 4a, pl. iv, of tlie magnificent atlas to tlie Valenciennes Flora. In a few examples the surface of the pinnules whennbsp;exposed is sho^yn to be barred pinnately on either side of the midrib so asnbsp;to resemble some of the figures of fertile pinnules of Danceites Goepp.^nbsp;This feature, shown in both the Coal Flora and in Zeiller�s figures, is regardednbsp;by the latter as corresponding to lobation of the lamina.

The genus Soroclaclus of Lesquereux^ was presented as a substitute for Staphylopteris Presl, to include �all agglomerations of sporanges of variousnbsp;forms, either borne upon separate segments of a fern, like those of Botrychiwnnbsp;without visible remains of leaves, or whose connection to frond-bearingnbsp;leaves can not be traced and is unknown;� or �for the description of fernsnbsp;of the coal represented by fructifications whose relation is unknown.�nbsp;Naturally the fructifications included in the genus may be, and actuallynbsp;are, of widely different relations. Thus Soroclaclus sieUatus Lx., placed bynbsp;Lesquereux at the head of the list of species in this genus, is quitenbsp;equivocal, while Soroclaclus asteroides Lx., which follows it, would seemnbsp;to belong to the genus Calymmotheca Stur.� Sorocladus sagittatus andnbsp;Soroclaclus opMoglossoides fall within the genus Crossotheca of Zeiller,quot;* andnbsp;Sorocladus Wortlieni represents a fertile type perhaps included in Hawleanbsp;Corda� or Asterotheca Presl.�

The differences between the sterile portions of Sphenopteris opliioglos-soicles and Sphenopteris Boulayi or S. Crepini may readily be learned from a comparison of the descriptions and figures.�

The fertile pinnules of the American form are not so large nor so pedicellate as in Sphenopteris Boulayi Zeill. Soroclaclus ophioglossoidesnbsp;differs from Sorocladus sagittatus by the narrower and more slender formnbsp;of the fertile pinnules of the former, which are not dilated at the basenbsp;nor distinctly and broadly pedicellate. The forms included iu the genus

'Cf. Danmtes sarwpontanus Stur, Morph. Syst. Culm- u. Carl)on-Farne,p.U6; or Danceites Emer-soni Lesquereux, Coal Flora, pl. xxviii, fig. 2.

quot; Culm-Flora, vol. ii, 1877, p. 255. Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, 1888, p. 34, pl. xii, figs. 2,

lt;Ami. Sci. Nat., hot., (6) vol. xvi, August, 1883, p. lS0=Sorotheca Stur, Morph. Syst. Culm- u. Carhou-Farne, December, 1883, p. 175. See Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valencieuues, p. 34.

� Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 115, pl. iv, figs. 4a-c; p. 112, pi. xiii, figs. 1-3.

Soroclachis deserve a detailed description along with other material comprising fertile ferns from the American Coal Measures.

Localities.�The sterile forms come from Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5536, 5698. The original specimens of Sorocladus ophioglossoidesnbsp;Lx. from Henry County, without more exact locality, are Nos. 1227 and 4272nbsp;of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.

1866. Alethopteris cremilata (Brongu.) Goepp., Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 439, pi. xxxix, figs. 2-4.

1870. Alethopteris crenulata (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 393, pi. xiii, tigs. 14, 15.

1879. Pseudopecopteris suhcremilata Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pi. xxxvii, figs. 7, 85 text, vol. i (1880), p. 193.

The specimen figured in PL XX, Fig. 5, agrees in so maiij^ respects with several examples from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, and Mazon Creek,nbsp;Illinois, labeled Pseudopecopteris subcremilata by Professor Lesquereux, asnbsp;to leave little doubt as to its proper inclusion in that somewhat variablenbsp;species. The lamina of the pinnules is thin, though minutely rugose, withnbsp;the margins more or less distinctly retracted between the tips of thenbsp;nerves, the crenulation being less marked on the sides than near the apexnbsp;of the pinnules. The nerves, which in the specimen in hand are viewednbsp;from the back side of the frond, are clear and in relief The midrib isnbsp;rather slender and decurrent, the nervils pinnate, for the most part nearlynbsp;straight and very oblique. The nervils are themselves striate, oftennbsp;appearing double, as is the case in the specimens from Mazon Creek.

The specimens from Illinois and Pennsylvania, referred to above, represent a form similar to that given in fig. 8, pi. xxxvii, of the Coal Flora. It wonld seem at first that this should be quite distinct from the type illustrated in fig. 7 of the same plate. But the variation in the size and nervation in the entire suite of specimens from Mazon Creek is, as Professornbsp;Lesquereux remarked,^ so great that it is difficult to establish any satisfactory line of demarcation among them, although more than one speciesnbsp;seems to be represented. In the specimen from Missouri the two or three

lower inferior nerves in the pinnules near the base of the segment are found to bifurcate at a variable distance from the median nerve, but the superiornbsp;nerves, as well as all those of the smaller pinnules, are undivided.

In none of the specimens identified as this species have I found the distinctive characters of the genus Pseudopecopteris. On the other hand, allnbsp;the details seem to be those of Pecopteris or Sphenopteris. M. Zeiller hasnbsp;referred this species to Pecopteris, at the same time inscribing^ Pseudopecopteris subcrenulata Lx. as a synonym of Pecopteris crenulata Brongn. It isnbsp;true that the specific separation, perhaps at the suggestion of Schimper,^ ofnbsp;the American species, which was at first correlated with the European form,nbsp;was largely based on the insufficiency of Brongniart�s diagnosis and illustrative matei-ial. But while many of the Illinois specimens appear to benbsp;referable to Brongniart�s species,^ so excellently as well as authenticallynbsp;elaborated by Zeiller^ after a comparison of Brongniart�� original, the morenbsp;simple American type does not seem to me to be included therein. It isnbsp;also quite clearly different from the plant illustrated as Pecopteris cremdatanbsp;by Potoni�,^ who also unites Psetidopecopteris subcrenulata as a synonym ofnbsp;Brongniart�s plant. The Thuringian specimen would seem to be a truenbsp;Pecopteris. The Old World plant seems to differ from that from Missourinbsp;by the thicker lamina and the much more open, frequently obscured nerves,nbsp;which in the apparently corresponding portions are once forked, instead ofnbsp;remaining simple.

The oblique position of the slightly connate pinnules, the rather strongly decurrent median nerve, the thin lamina, crenulate or erose above, andnbsp;decurring to form a marginal wing along the superior rachis between the lateral pinnae, and the relatively narrow flexuous rachis led me to temporarilynbsp;regard the form in hand, which should, perhaps, be separated from the common American type, as a representative of the genus Sphenopteris. It may,nbsp;like the Pseudopecopteris spinulosa Lx.� to which it is related, be regarded asnbsp;one of the intermediate forms, so far as outline and nervation merely arenbsp;concerned, between Pecopteris and Sphenopteris. It appears to be very

�F1. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 192, pi. xxv, figs. 1-4. ^ Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 65, pi. vi, figs. 1-4.

closely related to tlie European Fecopteris crenulata, with which some of the material from Mazon Creek, Illinois, is either identical or at least so similarnbsp;as to seem to justify Professor Zeiller�s remark as to the interest in the-occurrence of this type both in Illinois and in probably contemporaneousnbsp;beds in the upper part of the Valenciennes series, or at Geislautern.

Locality.�Pitcher�s coal bank, Henry County, Missoind. Loaned by Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

The fragment represented in PI. XXXV, Fig. 6, is the only example of this peculiar form in the collection. The shape of the decurrent half-stalked pinnules with sinuate or sinuate-dentate margins is different, Inbsp;believe, from any yet described. Most of the characters found in the specimen are seen in the photograph or the detail. Fig. 6�. The rachis is verynbsp;finely lineate and is bordered in the lateral pinnse by a narrow decurringnbsp;wing. The substance of the pinnule is not very thick, and is dull, thoughnbsp;smooth, and flat, or nearly flat. The nervation is fairly clear, the midrib rathernbsp;strong at the base, tapering in passing upward and vanishing at the apex.

It is hoped that the accompanying figures and notes will facilitate the recognition and identification of the species, which appears to have beennbsp;one of considerable grace and beauty.

The type of this species is described among the unpublished manuscript of Professor Lesquereux. Pending its publication with other similarnbsp;material in due form, further consideration in this memoir is waived.

Locality.�Vicinity of Clinton, Henry County; Nos. 5703, 5704, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.

1897. Oligocarpia sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, pp. 296, 300.

Fronds tri- or polypinnate, lax, spreading, rather delicate; rachis very slender, narrow, sulcate above, terete below in the subordinate divisions.

finely lineate, dull, flexuous, those of the last order being very thin and sinuate; secondary (?) piiinre alternate, originating at an open angle to thenbsp;primary rachis and curving outward, close, or slightly overlapping, flexuous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, contracted toward the base, and tapering above the middle to the acute apex; ultimate pinnse open, often at anbsp;right angle to the rachis, alternate, rather distant, flexuous, linear-triangular,nbsp;tapering from near the base to the slender, narrow apex; pinnules alternate,nbsp;ovate, becoming crenulate in passing to the pinnatifid stage, distant, open,nbsp;at a right angle to the rachis in the lower portion of the longer pinnae,nbsp;obtusely rounded at the summit, with rounded margin on the lower side,nbsp;the upper side straighter, giving the pinnule an upward turn, attached bynbsp;the whole or nearly the whole base until becoming pinnatifid, and separated nearl}^ to the rachis by a broad sinus, which is usually round ornbsp;squarish, and sometimes sliglitly decurrent at the lower angle; laminanbsp;dull, not very thick; nervation rather coarse, often obscure on the uppernbsp;surface; primary nerve decurrent, rather strong, striated, arching with thenbsp;})innule, flexuous, and forking pinnately at a rather open angle, the lowernbsp;nervils forking again or even a second time as the pinnule becomes piu-natifid; fructification within the margin, in 1 to 7 round depressions, innbsp;each of which appears one or more sporangia, apparently of the type ofnbsp;Oligocarpia, although the characters are obscure.

The sterile examples incompletely shown in Figs. 1, 2, PI. XX, and Fig. 3, PI. XXI, from Owen�s coal bank, appear to form a fairly distinct species, closely related to 0. alabamensis Lx. and 0. Guthieri Groepp. The general aspect of the large pinnm illustrated in Fig. 1, PI. XX, will at once benbsp;noted as quite similar to the figure of 0. alabamensis'^ given by Lesquereux.nbsp;But the latter has the rachis opposite or subopposite, while the pinnules arenbsp;close and much niore open, instead of being distant and curved upward, asnbsp;in the species from Owen�s. Furthermore, the primary nerves in the Alabama type are much less decurrent. The fertile pinnae in the large specimen bear also some resemblance to Oligocarpia Brongniartii Stur.^

My reference of the plant to the genus Oligocarpia is based on the strikingly similar conformation of the vegetative part and that of other species

�Farno cl. Carbon-Flora, p. 131, pi. Ivii, figs. 2, 3. See also Zeiller, FI. foss. bassin, houill. Valenciennes, p. 97, pi. xi, figs, 3,3a-c, 4, 5, 5a-c.

referred to this genus. I have seen specimens from Morris, Illinois, labeled 0. alahamensis, which should perhaps be included in this species.

The clearest definition of the fniit dots that I am able to secure on this specimen fails to give any conclusive proof of the generic identity of thisnbsp;species, although the general aspect and the position of the dots on thenbsp;pinnules are very similar to those shown by Greinitz^ or Schimper^ innbsp;0. Gutbieri Groepp., except that ours are perhajjs not so near the margin.nbsp;Under the lens the depressions and irregular disklike bodies within arenbsp;seen to strongly resemble those published in Stur�s photograph of Oligo-carpia Begrichi}

The above description is based on fragments of sterile fronds or those in which only a part is fertile. I have also referred, with doubt, to thisnbsp;species several fertile fragments. The first of these, PI. XXI, Fig. 4, fromnbsp;Pitcher�s bank, shows a segment of a macerated pinna in which the outlines of the pinnules are in many instances quite uncertain, although thenbsp;position of the sporangia is well shown. Here the circular depressionsnbsp;seem either to be vacant, except for a slight mammillate point in the center,nbsp;or to contain a flattened disk with thickened, rather irregular margin. Whennbsp;viewed with a stronger lens this margin or rim seems to be bordered withnbsp;large, thick cells, thus appearing to present conditions resembling the fruitnbsp;of 0. Broncjniartii as illustrated by Zeiller'* or .Kidston.�

The specimen (No. 4468 of the Lacoe collection) illustrated in PI. XXI, Fig. 2, seems also to belong to Oligocarpia missouriensis. The samenbsp;form is also present at Mazon Creek, Illinois. But of the identity of thenbsp;specimen illusti�ated in PI. XXI, Fig. 1 (No. 4467 of the Lacoe collection),nbsp;I am not quite so sure, on account of the compactness of the pinnules,nbsp;although it seems to be connected with the sterile forms through the twonbsp;specimens just discussed. Both 4467 and 4468 show only the upper surface of the limb, so that only the inflations above the sporangia or sori arenbsp;seen. It will be noted that, while in most of the pinnules only two rows otnbsp;fruit dots are seen, still, in the lobes of the lower and more pinnatifid pinnules additional dots make their appearance. It is hoped that this and other

fruiting forms from our Coal Measures series may be made tbe subject of a special study.

A small and very fragile Aphlehia is presented at tlie base of the upper pinna on the left of the specimen shown in PL XX, Fig. 1.

Localities.�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5567, 5694; also in a recent collection from Pitcher�s coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 4468, 5565,nbsp;5566, 5696; near Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5719;nbsp;Lacoe collection, 4467, 4468, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Although appearing to differ in some minor particulars from the characters of Oligocarpia alabamensis as originally described by Lesquereux,^ several specimens from Deepwater so strongly resemble others from Illinoisnbsp;identified by that author as 0. alabamensis that I provisionally refer themnbsp;to that species, the type of which I have not seen.

The fragment which I temporarily place among the specimens referred by Lesquereux to this species comprises about three-fourths of a compoundnbsp;pinna, which, though a little larger, has the form and superficial charactersnbsp;of the example from Illinois figured in the Coal Flora.^

The specimen from Hobbs�s bank is, however, preserved in a sandy, micaceous shale that hardly jaermits a satisfactory analysis of the nervation,nbsp;which in the type from Illinois is very clear, the lamina being extremelynbsp;thin. Still, such traces of nerves as may be seen appear to agree with thosenbsp;of the figured specimen, and although the lamina is dull and black in thenbsp;Missouri fragment, I think it probable that the plant should be referred tonbsp;the same species as that from Illinois. Ti�he latter, however, as illustrated innbsp;the Coal Flora appears to differ from the type of Groeppert� or Gfeinitz,'¹nbsp;some of the details of whose figures were copied by Lesquereux,� by thenbsp;smaller, narrower, more oblique, and more deeply dissected pinnules, with

more distant and flabellate nerves. The examination of a number of specimens from the same locality as the one figured throws considerable doubt on the identity of the European and American plants.

The Missouri specimen is quite different from the form referred by Les-quereux to 0. alabamensis Lx., or that described in this report as 0. missouri-ensis, being distinguished from both by the form of its pinufe, the broader confluent pinnules, and the more flabellate nervation. It resembles in somenbsp;respects some of the more slender pinnae of Pseudopecopteris Pluckenetiinbsp;(Schloth) Lx.

Jahrb. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesaiist. u. Bergakad., vol. xiv, 1893, Mittlieil., p. xlviii. Abh. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst., a. P., No. 21, 1896, p. 24.

1843. Pecopteris erosa Gutbier, in Xaumatni, Gotta, Geinitz, et al.: Giia v. Sachsen, Flora, p. 81.

1879. Pecopteris erosa Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, i)l. xliv, figs. 1, In, 3: text, vol. i (1880), p. 255.

1843. Pecopteris {Cyatheites) linearis Gutbier (nec Rost, neo Stb., necque Old. et Morr.), in Xaumann, Cotta, Geinitz, et al.: Giia v. Sachsen, Flora, p. 83.nbsp;1855. Alefhopteris erosa (Gutb.) Geinitz, Verst. Steiiik. Sachsen, p. 29, pi. xxxii, figs.nbsp;7-9, 7a, 9a.

1869. Alethopteris erosa (Gutb.) Gein., von Roehl, Foss. PI. Steink. Westphalens, p. 81 (pi. xxi, flg. 11 7)

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;GrandiEurya erosa (Gutb.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvii, p. 9.

1885. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Saeeopteris erosa (Gutb.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., p. 159.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Corynepteris erosa (Gutb.) Kidston, Foss. PI. Radstock Ser., j). 381.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Corynepteris erosa (Gutb.) Kidst., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 43.

The illustration of a fragment of a long compound pinna of this species published in the Coal Llora^ gives a good general idea of the long, slender,nbsp;close, extremely open pinnas characteristic of this species. It also showsnbsp;the more delicate habit of the American plant, the outlines of which differnbsp;somewhat from the European type, which is still inscribed by some authorsnbsp;in the genus Alethopteris.

The specimen shown in PI. XXIII, Fig. 6, is of the same character as the large fragment figured by Professor Lesquereux. Some of the slender pinnae of this type attain a length of 6 cm. or more. The pinnulesnbsp;in the middle of the pinna often sliow two well-developed sharp teeth,nbsp;though the latter are not so cristate as in the preceding species. Thenbsp;small fragment of a young compound pinna seen in PI. XXIII, Fig. 1,nbsp;strongly resembles this species; but by its nervation and the development of the pinnules it belongs more properly to A. Winslovii, next tonbsp;be described.

The rock fragment, from the vicinity of Clinton, photographed in PI. XXIV, Fig. 3, shows two segments (No. 2386 of the Lacoe collection)nbsp;identified by Professor Lesquereux as Pecopteris erosa, the larger of whichnbsp;approaches A. Winslovii, while the other preserves the apex of a compoundnbsp;pinna. But although the lateral pinnae on the larger segment are nearlynbsp;of the size frequently found in the A. Winslovii with which it has beennbsp;thought it might perhaps belong as a younger stage, they show fairly wellnbsp;the difference in the pinnules and the margins.

In the American specimens of Aloiopteris erosa the pinnules are broader in proportion to the size of the pinna, and not so constricted; the uppernbsp;border is much more nearly truncate, the sinuses not so deep proportionately,nbsp;while the nerves, which are not so distinct in the rather thicker lamina, forknbsp;near the base at a narrower angle, and arch, especially the upper bi�auch,nbsp;rather strongly upward in passing to the margin, approaching in this respectnbsp;the P. serrula Lx. When the pinnule has three teeth the upper nervil forksnbsp;again at a rather narrower angle than in A. Winslovii.

I have not observed any fertile pinna that seems referable to tins species among the material from Missouri. One fertile specimen from Morris,nbsp;Illinois, identified under this name by Professor Lesquereux, has the samenbsp;general aspect as the fertile pinnae of A. Winslovii, though the pinnae arenbsp;narrower and the marginal filaments do not appear. It would seem, as innbsp;the latter species, to represent more probably Corynepteris, to which genusnbsp;it has been referred by Kidston.^

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5562, 5563, 5614, 5721; Giilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus. 5561.

1843. Cf. Pecopteris {Biplazites) cristatus Gutbier, in Xaumann, Cotta, Geinitz, et al. :� Gfia von Sacbsen, p. 80.

1848. Cf. PecopteWs cHstoto Gutb. (non Broiign.), Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Palteont., p. 915.

1879. Pecopteris cristata Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. xliv, flgs. 2,2a-, text, vol. i (1880), p. 256.

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Asplenites Sternbergii Ettingsbausen, Foss. Fl. Eadnitz, pl. xx, flgs. 2, 3, 4,

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cf. Alethopteris cristata (Gutb.) Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sacbsen, p. 29, pl. xxxii,

1885. Cf. Saccopteris [Alethopteris) cristata (Gutb.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-PL, p. 164. 1897. Pecopteris sp., D. Wbite, Buil. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, pp. 296, 300.

1899. Aloiopteris Winslovii D. Wbite, 19tb Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 487.

The doubt expressed by Professor Lesquereux^ as to the equivalence of the American form identified as Pecopteris cristata with the species figurednbsp;by Geinitz^ appears to me well founded. Our specimens differ from thatnbsp;figured in the � � Versteinerungen � by the narrower divisions, the nervesnbsp;originating, as may be seen in the photograph (Pl. XXIII, Fig. 2) of anbsp;slightly macerated and abraded specimen, at a much wider angle, straightnbsp;or nearly so instead of curving, not forking below the middle, and forkingnbsp;once or twice at a very wide angle into short, straight divisions. It seemsnbsp;evidently distinct from that species.

In its general aspect and features our plant is very similar to the specimen described by Ettingshausen^ as Asplenites Sternbergii, but, although some of the pinnae in our specimens are very much like those seen innbsp;Zeiller�s figure of the same species,^ the detail in this figure, as well as innbsp;Ettingshausen�s illustrations, indicates a more slender form, with broadernbsp;midrib and blunter teeth. Some of Stur�s photographic figures of Saccopteris Essingliii (Andra) � are, however, so like the ordinary specimens of ournbsp;plant, as seen in Pl. XXII, Figs. 1 and 2, that it seems far from improbable that the specimens he had in hand should be included in the same

�' Splienopteris Sternhergii (Ett.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. ix, figs. 5, 5a, p. 128, � Fame d. Carbon-Flora, pl. Hi, figs. 2-6, p. 166.

species as those from Missouri. But Andra�s original figures/ as well as those given later by Weiss^ and Zeiller/ seem to represent a plant withnbsp;more oblique pinnules, comparable to those of Sphenopteris incequ-ilateralis Lx.,nbsp;which are much more dissected. In the comparatively very few specimensnbsp;from Missouri in which the pinnules have elongated to a length of 1 cm. ornbsp;more the lamina is still but little dissected, and the jjinnules, which may benbsp;considered as pinnatifid, are constricted but slightly at the base. Imjjerfectnbsp;fragments of such pinnas are illustrated in PI. XXII, Fig. 3, and PI. XXIII,nbsp;Fig. 4. Were this pinnatifid stage common in the development of thenbsp;species, we should see many such fragments in the collections mingled withnbsp;the attending segments of various degrees of maturity, including portions ofnbsp;rachises, 1 cm. or more in width, provided on both sides with alternatingnbsp;pinnae of the usual form. The relation of the small fragments of a youngnbsp;compound pinna (PI. XXIII, Fig. 1) to this species is shown by both thenbsp;nervation and the peculiar angular dentition.

The fertile pinnae, which seem to have been borne directly on the primary pinnae, do not, as shown in PI. XXIII, Figs. 4 and 5, ditfer in general form and arrangement from the sterile pinnae. The sporangia, wliich arenbsp;oblong or oval, .75 to 1.25 mm. long, .4 to .6 mm. wide, rounded at one endnbsp;and rather obtuse at the other, are borne, in groups apparently, on thenbsp;lower surface of the slightly reduced pinnules, which are so crushed innbsp;the shale as to make them seem entirely covered by the flattened sporangia.nbsp;In a few cases it may be seen that the sporangia are attached by the endsnbsp;in round groups, perhaps of 5 to 7 sporangia each, the members of whichnbsp;are sometimes spread apart at the top.

The question of the systematic position of the g�roup, including Pecop-teris cristata Gein., Asp)lenites Sternbergii Ett., Pecopteris erosa Lx., P. georgi-ana Lx., and P. -serrida Lx., is one that has perhaps not yet reached its final settlement. Ettingshausen�s Asplenites Sternbergii, to choose a typicalnbsp;example, has been referred by various authors to Pecopteris,*' Oligocarpia,^nbsp;Sphenopteris,^ and Saccopteris,�� while other species, no doubt congeneric,

� Spheno])teris Essinghii Andrii, Vorweltl. Pfl. Steiuk., 1866, pi. vii, figs. 2, 3, p. 20.

^ PI. loss, houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, 1886, pi. ix, figs. 1, 2; text, 1888, pp. 122,125, tig. 41.

have been desci'ibecl as AletJiopteris or referred thereto. On the whole, this group of species constitutes a division or section quite distinct from thenbsp;other sections of the genus Pecopteris, which should either be transferred tonbsp;some other genus, if that is found practicable, or separated as the basis of anbsp;new genus. By most recent authors they are referred to the genus Sphenop-teris, and it would indeed seem that they are most closely related to andnbsp;congeneric with Sphenopteris PJssinghii Andrii, which binds them to Splienop-teris incequilateralis Lx. Sphenopteris Sternbergii (Ett.) Weiss was placed innbsp;the fertile genus Saccopteris by Stur, and Saccoqjteris (� Grand �Euryanbsp;Zeiller) is regarded^ as identical with Baily�s Gorynepteris? Thus most ofnbsp;these species like Sphenopteris PJssinghii have found places in Gorynepteris ornbsp;its synonyms. The close resemblance of the fertile pinnae from Missouri,nbsp;obscure specimens of which are found in PI. XXIII, Fig. 5, to the specimensnbsp;figured by Zeiller� as Sphenopteris (Gorynepteris') coralloicles Gutb., is at oncenbsp;apparent, even the narrow dichotomous filaments extending out from thenbsp;slightly reduced limb being similar in both species. This circumstance,nbsp;together with the demonstration by Zeiller^ of the same type of fruit innbsp;Sphenopteris Pssinghii, leaves little room for doubt that the fructification ofnbsp;our American plant is probably of the CorynepAeris type. Our specimens,nbsp;though badly crushed, seem to confirm this view; but while the sporangianbsp;are shagreened and would seem to be grouped in a manner similar to Gorynepteris, I have not yet been able to distinguish the zone of the thickenednbsp;cells found in the sporangia of that genus.

Localities.�Frequent at Pitcher�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5551, 5610, 5611, 5613, 5721; Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5609, 5613; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5552, 5689; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;5690; Gilkersou�s Ford.

1822. Filicites sec. Pecopteris Brongniart, M�m. mus. hist, uat., vol. viii, p. 233. 1826. Pecopteris Sternberg, Versixch, vol. i, tent., p. xvii (pars).

1834. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris dentata Brongniart, Hist. v�g. loss., p. 346, pis. cxxiii, cxxiv.

1835. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Lindley and Hutton, Foss. Flora, vol. ii, pl. cliv.nbsp;1870. Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 404.nbsp;1876. Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Geogn., vol. i, Atlas, pl. lii,

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. houill.. Atlas, pl. clxviii, figs.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, pl. xliv, flgs. 4, 4a;

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Fontaine and I. C. White, Permian Flora, p. 66, pl.

1883. Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Renault, Cours. bot. foss., vol. i�, p. 121, pl. xxi, �gs. 4, 5.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris dentata Brongn., Lesquereux, Proo. U. H. Nat. Mus., vol. x, p. 25.nbsp;1893. Peoopteris dentata Brongn., D. White, Buil. U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 98, p. 60.

1899. Peoopteris dentata Brongn., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 488. 1828. Peoopterispltimosa (Artis?) Brongniart, Prodrome, pp. 58, 171.

1835 or 1836. Peoopterisphimosa (Artis?) Brongniart, Hist. v�g. foss., p. 348, pis. cxxi, cxxii.

1858. Peoopteris plwniosa (Artis?) Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 867. 1866. Peoopteris plumosa (Artis?) Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. �. Pal.,nbsp;p. 442.

1869. Peoopteris plumosa (Artis?) von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 58, pl. xxxiii, flg. 4.

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris phimosa (Artis?) Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., pl. xvii, flgs. 104,104a.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peoopteris phimosa (Artis?) Howse, Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumberland a. Dur

1832. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Sphenopteris caudata Lindley and Hutton, Foss. Flora, vol. i, pl. xlviii ?

1855. Gyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Goepp., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 26 (pars), pl. xxix, flgs. 10-12; pl. xxx, flgs. 1, 2.

1869. Gyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Geopp., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 87, pl. xxxiii, flg. 6.

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Geopp., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 30, pl. xi; pl. xii,

1838. Peoopteris Brongniartiana Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, 7-8, p. 160. 1848. Gyatheites plumosus (Artis?) Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Palmont., p. 365.

1869. Gyathoearpus dentatus (Brongn.) Weiss, Foss. Fl. j�ngst. Steink. u. Rothl. Saar-Rh. Geb., p. 86.

1869, Peoopteris (Gyatheides) dentata Brongn., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 508.

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Senftenbergia dentata (Brongn.) Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 187 (293).

1888. Senftenhergia {Pecopteris) dentata (Brongn.) Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p, 188, pi. i, figs. 21, 22.

1885. Senftenhergia plumosa (Artis?) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., p. 92 (pars), pi. li,nbsp;figs. 1, 2, 3.

1879. Pecopteris pennceformis Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pi. xlv, figs. 1, la (figs. 2, 2a?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 239 (i)ars, excl. syn.).

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Kat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, p. 184,

1888. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeiller, FI. loss, houill. Valenciennes, p. 30, figs. IGa-h.

1890. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeiller, PI. loss. Autun et Fpinac, vol. i, p. 21, figs. 17a-Zgt;.

1897. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeill., Potoni�, Lebrb. d. Pllanzenpal., j). 92, figs. 63 A, B; p. 108, fig. 96.

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Prepecopterisplumosa (Artis?) Bureau, Comptes rendus, vol. xcix, p. 1036.

1885. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Senftenhergia acuta (Brongn.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon-Fl., vol. i, p. 90, pi. li, figs.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pecopteris {Dactylotheca) dentata Brongn., Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes,

Atlas, pi. xxvi, figs. 1, la, 5, 2, 2a-e; pi. xxvii, figs. 1, la, h, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4; pi. xxviii, figs. 4, 5, oa; text (1888), p. 196.

1890. Pecopteris {Dactylotheca) dentata Brongn., Zeiller, FI. foss. Avitun et �pinac,vol.i, p. 66, pi. ixa, figs. 3, 3a.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidston, Cat. Pal. Foss. PI. Brit. Mus., p. 128.nbsp;1896. Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidston, Trans. Roy. Soo. Edinb., vol. xxviii, pt. 1,

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidst. var. dentata (Brongn.) Kidston, Foss. FI.

Fronds large, tripinnate, quadripinnatifid below; primary racliis large, 5-12 mm. wide, finely trichomatose; secondary racliis 1-5 mm. broad, groovednbsp;on the upper surface and finely punctate; primary pinnae alternate, at rightnbsp;angles or oblique, often reflexed in the lower part of the frond, usually overlapping slightly, 3.5-11 cm. apart, oval-lanceolate, 18-50 cm. or more long,nbsp;3.5-12 cm. wide at the middle, somewhat contracted at the base, the sides ofnbsp;the larger ones parallel in the middle portion, and tapering to a sharp pointnbsp;above; secondary pinnm alternate, 6-12 mm. apart, usually overlappingnbsp;somewhat, the upper ones oblique, the middle nearly at right angles, thenbsp;lower ones often reflexed and shorter, often flexuous, linear-lanceolate, thenbsp;larger ones 2.5-6 cm. long, 5-25 mm. wide, tapering to an obtusely acuminate point; pinnules alternate, more or less triangular, somewhat arched,nbsp;generally obtusely pointed or rounded, sometimes acuminate at the tip or

appearing oblong, somewliat oblique, sessile, contiguous, and slightly connate at the base, those in the middle of the secondary pinnse 35 mm. long, averaging about 2 mm. in width at base, the margins generally more or lessnbsp;reflexed so as to make them appear sharply triangular, tlie laminai archingnbsp;between the nervils, either entire or with a few rounded, usually indistinctnbsp;lobes; the lower basilar pinnule of each secondary pinna generally shorternbsp;and lobate, sometimes appearing auriculate; pinnules toward the top of thenbsp;secondary piunm gradually becoming confluent, passing to the entire ornbsp;slightly lobed apex of the pinuge; pinnules of the lower secondary pinnaenbsp;near the base of the frond, 5-13 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, pinnatifid, or perhaps pinnate, the divisions being about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, thenbsp;uppermost secondary pinnae with pinnules becoming united and passingnbsp;into primary pinnules, pinnatifid below in rounded lobes, the succeedingnbsp;ones crenulate, tlien entire; nerves usually quite distinct, the median nervenbsp;passing to the top, but very slightly if at all decurrent, emitting nervilsnbsp;at a wide ang'le, the lower nervils forking, the upper ones simple, those ofnbsp;the large pinnatifid pinnules giving olf other simple nervils in the lowernbsp;lobes.

Although both Fecopteris dentata Brongn. and P. pennceformis Brpngu. are recorded as having been found in the vicinit}quot; of Clinton, I have notnbsp;yet seen any specimens that seem to me referable to the latter species. Onnbsp;the contrary, all the examples from Henry County, including the large onenbsp;shown on PI. XLV of the Coal Flora, that were labeled Fecopteris pgt;enn(e-formis�concerning tlie characters of which there is much confusion apparentnbsp;in the identifications in this country�seem to agree well, most of themnbsp;perfectly, with specimens of P. dentata from France and England. Thenbsp;comparison of our American with the foreign material fully confirms thenbsp;views expressed in the remarks on this species in my report on the flora ofnbsp;the outlying basins of Missouri.^

The common and typical phases of the species are shown in PI. XXV, Fig. 1; PI. XXVI, Fig. 3, and PI. XXVII, the details of the nervationnbsp;being illustrated in the enlarged photographs, PI. XXIV, Figs, la, 16, or innbsp;PL XXVI, Fig. 4. A number of specimens from Pitcher�s coal mine are verynbsp;delicate, approaching the form distinguished by some authors as Fecopteris

plumosa} Generally, however, the pinnules are fully up to the typical size, agreeing in form, nervation, and limb with the European species. A fewnbsp;examples, from Pitcher�s mine, show the pinnules rather more crowded,nbsp;larger, broader, and smoother, the lamina being hardly raised between thenbsp;nerves. This form, which approaches nearer than the other to P. pennce-formis, should perhaps receive some distinctive appellation.

Although a number of the specimens are fertile, the sporangia are not sufficiently clearly preserved to give any important details as to structurenbsp;or arrangement.

Localities.�Collected in fine specimens from Pitcher�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5641, 5642, 5643, 5655, 5738, 5739, 5743; Owen�s coal bank, U. 8.nbsp;Nat. Mus., 5621, 5742; Gilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5740.

Among the material last transmitted by Dr. Britts are several fragments of Pecojrieris, the size, form, and nervation of whose pinnee and pinnulesnbsp;seem to be fairly comparable with those of Pecopteris arborescens as describednbsp;by Bronguiart^ and further differentiated by Zeiller.�^ Portions of the pinnsenbsp;as well as the general form of the pinnules present even more stronglynbsp;the aspect illustrated by Zeiller^ as P. cyathea (Schloth.) Brongn., but the

* Since the preparation of this report and synonymy the writer has had the opportunity to consult Mr. Kidston�s most interesting and thorough elaboration of the Pecox)teris jjlumoaa (Artis)nbsp;Brongn., as the result of which the'identity of the Filieites plumosua with Sphenopteris crenata L. amp;nbsp;H., S. caudata L. amp; H., Aspidites ailesiacua Goepp., etc., is very satisfactorily demonstrated. Thenbsp;specific inseparability of the plant described by Artis from most of the material later described bynbsp;various authors as P. dentata is also evident. An inquiry into the geologic horizons of the plumosanbsp;forms, including S. crenata, A. ailcaiaca, and the fine series from the Middle Coal Measures illustratednbsp;by Kidston, seems, however, to show that, in general, in Europe as well as in America the delicatenbsp;plumose type is more characteristic of lower stages of the Coal Measures, while the more robust typenbsp;with broader, more obtuse pinnules and a stronger nervation is essentially characteristic of highernbsp;beds. The writer is therefore fully fconvinced of the desirability of retaining a varietal distinctionnbsp;for the later form, illustrated in this report, whose differences from the forms illustrated by Kidstonnbsp;are quite apparent. The form which I have treated as P. dentata should probably be designated asnbsp;Pecopteris plumosa var. dentata, the combination proposed by Kidston in 1887, since it appears thatnbsp;P. plumosa (Artis) Brongn. has priority over P. dentata Brongn. The very full synonymy given bynbsp;Kidston (Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxviii, pt. 1, 1896, p. 205, pis. i-iii) includes the Aphlebianbsp;adnata, which he shows to be peculiar to Pecopteris (Dactylotheca) plumosa.

nervils seem to be always simple, and the racliis is punctate. In fact, I should have but little hesitation in referring- the fragments to the formernbsp;species were it not for a slight decurrence of the midrib and the distinctlynbsp;villous upper surface of the fertile pinnules. So well marked, however,nbsp;are these characters that a definite reference of our specimens to thatnbsp;species is plainly not allowable. Still, not wishing on the evidence of thenbsp;material before me to add to the nomenclature of this already highlynbsp;differentiated group, I leave the fragments from Missouri, one of whichnbsp;is seen in PI. XXXVI, Fig. 3, with a reference that is both tentative andnbsp;comparative.

Considerable difference as to the punctation of the rachises exists between the specimens from different regions or horizons described by different authors as Fecopteris arborescens. In the specimens from Missouri anbsp;racliis less than 4 mm. in length is provided with rather distant, very open,nbsp;upward-curving spines, round at the base, and nearly 2 mm. in length.

To the form described above probably belongs a specimen from the same region^ labeled by Professor Lesc][uereux as Fecopteris cequalis Frow^w.nbsp;The pinnules in this specimen, PI. XLIV, Fig. 3, 3^^, are, however, morenbsp;than twice as long as, and broader at the top than, those of one of Brong-niart�s typesquot; which, in verification of Brongniart�s intimation, has beennbsp;referred by Schimper and Zeiller to F. pennceforinis.

A doubtful fragment which, the nervation being obscure, may belong to F. vestita Lx., is from Pitcher�s coal bank, L. S. Nat. Mus. 5686.

Among the hundreds of fragments of Fecopteris from Hobbs�s bank is a single specimen, which, though failing to show certain important diagnostic characters with sufficient clearness to make positive its identification asnbsp;Fecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., seems nevertheless to coincide so far withnbsp;that species in its visible features as to justify its provisional designation bynbsp;the same name. This fragment, some idea of the outlines of whose pinuEe

and pinnules can be gained from Fig. 5, PI. XXXV, represents a segment of a spinous racliis 8 mm. in width, to which are attached three fertile pinnae,nbsp;the lower surface of which is presented to the observer. The rachises ofnbsp;these pinnae are provided with well-marked, distinct, upward-inclined, acutenbsp;spinous scales.

The sporangia, a sketch of which is shown in Fig. 5a, are situated in a row on each side of the midrib, the attachment being rather nearer thenbsp;margin. The sporangia, nearly 1 mm. long and about .2 mm. in width,nbsp;tapering to an acute apex, are apparently arranged in fours and inclinednbsp;inward, so that when compressed they lie pointing more or less directlynbsp;toward the midrib, and covering the greater portion of the pinna. In mostnbsp;cases the outer pair of sporangia are developed to a very much larger sizenbsp;than the inner ones, the result being that in the flattened, carbonized material they only are seen. This condition is very similar to that illustrated innbsp;Pecopteris eiineura by Glrand �Eury^ and Zeiller.^

In the specimen before me the nervation is obscured by the sporangia, except in the uppermost small pinnules, where the nervils are simple. Thisnbsp;character, together with the striking resemblance of the pinnae and pinnulesnbsp;in form and arrangement to those illustrated by Zeiller in the flora of thenbsp;Commentry Basin,� led me to apply, though not without doubt, the samenbsp;name, Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., to the plant from Missouri.

Frond robust, dense; secondary (!) pinnae alternate, open, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute; rachis strong, rigid, irregularly striate and provided with nari�owly lanceolate, acute, upward-curved, scaly spines, leaving, where broken away, rounded scars; ultimate pinnae alternate, open,nbsp;close, usually touching or slightly overlapping in the lower part of thenbsp;superior pinnae, often slightly curved upward, linear, the sides parallel in

PI. foss. houill. Comiiientry, pi. xi, fig. 4a. ^ Op. cit., pi. xi, figs. 6, 6a, 7, 7a, p. 133.

the lower and middle portions, converging near the top to form the obtusely pointed apex; ultimate rachis strong, broadly canaliculate above, roundednbsp;beneath, sparsely punctate; pinnules alternate, close, usually nearly contiguous, often crowded, open, generally at or nearly at a right angle to thenbsp;rachis, ovate when small,' becoming oblong, rounded at the apex, slightlynbsp;irregular, very slightly decurrent at the base, the small pinnules joined fornbsp;a little distance, with a decurriug sinus, the large ones distinct to the base,nbsp;more or less constricted on the upper side of the base by the decurrentnbsp;sinus, the largest ones frequently somewhat contracted in the inferior anglenbsp;also; lamina not very thick, dull, arched near the margin, and marked onnbsp;the ventral surface by a row of rather distant minute mammillate points innbsp;each interneural space; nervation coarse, generally distinct; median nervenbsp;rather strong and but slightly if at all decurrent in the large pinnules,nbsp;depressed slightly, minutely and irregularly lineate, passing nearly to thenbsp;apex of the pinnule, decurrent in the small pinnules; lateral nerves originating at a very oblique angle, curving at once outward, and forking nearnbsp;the base, normally at a rather open angle, the upper division sometimesnbsp;forking again in the lower portion of the very large pinnules, in passiiignbsp;with slight upward curvature to the margin, which they reach at an anglenbsp;of 60�-75�; fructification unknown.

In a portion of the specimen illustrated in PI. XXXVI, Figs. 1 and Ih, the substance of the pinnules is so macerated that the rather coarse nervation stands out in relief. The conditions of preservation have also impartednbsp;ather greater degree of obliquity to the nerves in most of the pinnules

on the iipper surface, are always clear on the lower surface, where they are like fine wires, sometimes appearing- double, as in a portion of the specimennbsp;from which the detail, PI. XXXVI, Fig la, is di-awn.

The specimens which I have described under the above name belong to the complex of Pecopteris species, among which Pecopteris oreopteridianbsp;(Schloth) Brongn. and P. lepidorachis Brongn. are the most familiar. Innbsp;fact, I was at first disposed to identify them as the latter species, for, whilenbsp;apparently distinct from the unequivocal type ^ fignred by Brongniart, innbsp;which the pinnules are narrower, the upper division of the nervils in thenbsp;larger pinnnles in most cases forking again, tlie fragments from Missourinbsp;present a general aspect, form, and arrangement of the pinnse and pinnulesnbsp;so strikingly like those of the specimens illustrated by Zeiller ^ or Potoni� ^ asnbsp;to argue strongly, especially in the presence of a similar system of nervation, in favor of their specific identity. But a more minute comparisonnbsp;seems to show in the American plant a tendency to greater decurrence innbsp;the midribs and sinuses; the pinnules, which appear slightly broader innbsp;proportion to their length, often contracted on the upper side at the base;nbsp;nervation distinctly constricted on the lower side also; the midrib rathernbsp;stronger, and the nervils slightly closer and usually more oblique. Innbsp;respect to the decurrence of the midrib, the form of the smaller pinnules,nbsp;tlie contraction of the larger pinnules, and the nervation, our plant is somewhat intermediate between P. lepidorachis and P. oreopteridia. In the latter,nbsp;however, the u}q)er nervil is more apt to fork again, even in the smallernbsp;pinnules, while the rachis is always smootli. Still, the resemblance to thatnbsp;species as generally figured is very strong. Pecopteris Jenneyi^ has muchnbsp;in common also with P. densifolia Groepp. and P. Dauhreei Zeill.,^ but in thenbsp;foi-mer the pinnules are apparently even more constricted at the base, and.

� Hist. veg. foss., p. 313, pi. ciii, fig. 1. Figure 5 of the same plate is also referred to this species by Brongniart in the text of P. lepidorachis, but it is also similarly assigned on the opposite pagenbsp;{Z12) to F. plaitjrachis, with which reference the explanation of the pi. ciii agrees. M. Zeiller (FI.nbsp;foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 127) is disposed, on account of the coarsely punctate rachis, to consider it as perhaps one of the types of P. lepidorachis, although the nervils are delineated as simple.nbsp;Lesquereux, however, copied this figure in pi. xli of the Coal Flora (figs. 5, 5a) and gives it as thenbsp;illustration of P. platyracliis, a species'described as having a smooth rachis.

^The small pinnules of P. Jenneyi are usually rather wider proportionately, with more oblique nervation than in the latter species, as illustrated by Potonitquot;, FI. Rothl. von Thiiringen, pi. vii, tigs,nbsp;la, 16, p. 68.

as in P. oreo2)teridia, the racliis is smooth, while iii the latter the surface is villous.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal hank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5590, 5597, 5598; Hobbs�s coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5599.

1833 or 1834. Pecopteris Candolliana Brougniart, Hist. veg. foss., ]). 305, pi. c, figs.

1, Iff.

1833 or 1834. Pecopteris affinis Brougniart [nou (Sohloth.) Stb.], Hist. v�g. foss., p. 306, pi. c, figs. 2, 3.

1883. Pecopteris affinis Brongu., Eenault, Cours. bot. tbs., vol. iii, p. 109, pl. xvii, fig. 6. 1836. Cyatheites Candolleamis (Brougn.) Goeppert, Systema, p. 321.

1855. Cyatheites Candolleamis (Brougn.) Goepp., Geinitz, Verst. Steiuk. Sacbseu, p. 24, pl. xxviii, tigs. 12, 13.

1857. Cyatheites Candollianus (Brougn.) Goepp., Meuegliini, Pal. Sardaigue, p. 156, pl. D'k

1869. Cyatheites Candolleamis (Brougn.) Goepp., Von Eoehl, Poss. El. Steiuk. West-phaleus, p. 83 (pl. xii, tig. 35!).

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cyatheites Candolleamis (Broiigu.) Goepp., Heer, El. Eoss. Helv., p. 28 (pl. viii,

1853. Pecopteris Candolleana Brougn., Andrii, iu German Verst. Steiukoblenf. Wettiu u. L�bejiiu, p. 108 (pl. xxxviii, tigs. 1-3!).

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pecopteris Candolleana Brougn., Grand �Eury, El. Garb. Loire, p. 69, pl. viii, �g. 8.nbsp;1880. Pecopteris Candolleana Brougn., Eontaine and I. C. Wliite, Permian Flora, p. 63

1883. Pecopteris Candolleana Brougn., Eeuault, Cours. bot. foss., vol. iii, p. 109, pl. xvii, �gs. 7, 8, 8 his.

1869. Pecopteris (Cyatheides) Candolleana Brougn., Scbimper, Trait�, vol. 1, p. 500. 1869. Cyathocarpus Candolleamis (Brougn.) Weiss, Foss. El. j�ugst. Steink. u. Eothl.nbsp;Saar Eb. Geb., p. 85.

1879. Pecopteris Candollei Brongn., Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. bouill., ]). 84.

1883. Scolecopteris Candolleana (Brongu.) Stur, Zur Morpb. System. Culm- u. Carbou-Farue, p. 123.

1888. Pecopteris {Asterotheca) Candollei Brougn., Zeiller, El. foss. bouill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 128, pl. xi, tig. 3.

1890. Pecopteris {Asterotheca) Candollei Brongu., Zeiller, Pl. foss. bouill. perm. Autuu et �pinac, p. 47, pl. viii, �gs. 5, 6.

The specimen which I refer to this rare species is by its form, the outlines of the pinnules, and its nervation so closely related to the Oldnbsp;AVorld plant that its reference to the same species seems quite justified.

gt; strict adherence to the law of priority requires the use of the orthography given hy Brougniart in the �Prodrome'� and the �Histoire.'�

Altliougli tlie stratigrapliic position of tlie beds near Clinton would seem to be rather low for this form, it has already been reported in specimens,^ which seem to me questionable, from beds no younger at Mazonnbsp;Creek, Illinois, as well as from Mount Hope, Rhode Island.^

1870. Pecopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 400, pi. xii, tigs. 1-4, pi. xiii, figs. 10, 11.

1879. Pecopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 7, pi. xxxix, figs. 12, 13, 13rtq text, vol. i (1880), p. 235.

1899. Pecopteris squamosa Lx., D. White, 19tb Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 494.

The species from Mazon Creek, Illinois, described by Lesquereux under the above name is one of the smallest of the genus Pecopteris. It is,nbsp;as seen in numerous specimens from Canuelton, Pennsylvania, somewhatnbsp;conspicuously characterized by the rigid, close, narrowly linear, very opennbsp;pinnte, tapering from the base to the slender, acute apex, and the small,nbsp;narrow, open, crowded, villous pinnules. The uppermost pinnge and pinnules are extremely small and delicate. The nervils are very open, simplenbsp;in the smaller pinnules, forking once in the lower part of the larger ones.

The specific details of this plant are given with unusual fullness by its author in the Coal Flora,�� and should be carefully consulted by anyonenbsp;making a comparison of the species with other forms. Unfortunately,nbsp;illustrations of the ordinary and typical fragments are still lacking.

The specimens sent by Dr. Britts from Missouri are in perfect agreement with those from Mazon Creek and Cannelton. One fragment of a tri-pinnate frond from the last-named locality contains a segment of a rachis 16 mm. in width, provided with close, linear-lanceolate acuminate pinnse 48nbsp;cm. in length. The obliquity of these lateral pinnse with reference to thenbsp;rachis would seem to indicate a position for them in the upper part of thenbsp;frond, which, in that case, must have been of great size. A number ofnbsp;examples from the same place show the pinnse well preserved in nervation.nbsp;It should be remarked that while the features of the pinnse and pinnulesnbsp;remain the same in both the old and the young specimens, the squamosenbsp;character is often less obvious in some of the large segments.

The sori, although insufficiently clear to show the sporangia, are small, situated near the margin, and a little distant.

Pecopteris squamosa, which is perha2)s intermediate Ijetween the grouj^s represented by F. arhorescens or F. cyatliea on the one hand and F. vestitanbsp;on the other, is easily distinguished from the other plants from Henrynbsp;County by the size and rigidity of the very slender tapering ]nnna3 and tlienbsp;small, verv narrow, open, crowded, thick pinnules, in which the nervils arenbsp;usually totally obscured.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal min�, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5816-5818; Henry County, IMissouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5600.

PI. XXVIII, Pigs. 1, 2, 2rt; PI. XXIX, PI. XXX, PI. XXXI, Figs. 1, 2, 3f; PI. XXXII,

1879. Aletlioperis ambigna Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p.0, pi. xxxi, figs. 2, 3 (4?); text, vol. i (1880), x). 182. (pars).

1879. Pecopteris cUiitoni Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pi. xlii, figs. 5, � a-h; text, vol. i (1880), p. 251 (pars).

1879. Pecopteris vestita Lesquereux, Coal Flora (Atlas, p. 8, pi. xliii, figs. 5, 5a?); text, vol. i (1880), p, 252 (pars).

Frond very large, long, tri- or quadripinnate; primary (f) pinnae very long, linear-lanceolate, conb�acted toward the base, the sides nearly parallelnbsp;in the middle, acute or acuminate at the apex; rachis In-oad, rigid, straight,nbsp;dull, finely but irregularly lineate; pinnm of the next order alternate, at anbsp;right angle to the rachis below, becoming� somewhat oblique above, thenbsp;higher ones often curving somewhat upward, close, generally slightly overlapping, especially in the lower part of the frond, oblong-linear or linear-lanceolate, contracted a little at the base, the sides slightly convex in thenbsp;middle portion, and somewhat abruptly converging near the point to formnbsp;an acute or acuminate apex, the rachis being broad and rigid; ultimatenbsp;pinnm alternate, very open, the middle and lower ones at a right angle tonbsp;the rachis or slightly reflexed, the upper ones frequently nearly at a rightnbsp;angle or but slightly oblique, somewhat irregular, seldom parallel, with anbsp;tendency to curve slightly upward, often a little distant, but usually close,nbsp;and sometimes touching or slightly overlapping, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel below and in the middle, rapidly converging near the top to an obtuse apex, which consists of an ovate terminalnbsp;pinnule; ultimate pinnae succeeded near the apex of the superior pinnm by

diminislniig pinnatifid and simple pinnules; pinnules alternate, open, generally at or nearly at a right angle to the rachis, hardly decurrent except near the apex or in the youngest pinnae, irregular, slightly unequal, seldomnbsp;parallel, sometimes slightly upward curved, a little distant, close, or sometimes touching, oval or ovate, and cut to near the rachis hy a slightlynbsp;decurrent sinus when small, becoming oblong, or linear, the sides parallel,nbsp;usually uneven, the apex round, separated to the rachis or even slightlynbsp;constricted at the base by the decurrent sinus before becoming pinnatifid;nbsp;lowest pinnules of the pinna slightly reduced, the uppermost ]:)innules partially united with the ovate terminal pinnule; lamina dull, generallynbsp;opaque or minutely rugose, often rather broadly canaliculate over the midrib, arching upward between the midrib and the margin, where it is oftennbsp;flattened to form a narrow shallow gutter; nervation not very distinct;nbsp;midrib rather strong, sometimes slightly decurrent at the base, faintlynbsp;lineate, depressed to near the apex in the well-preserved fragments; lateralnbsp;nerves originating at a moderate angle, forking at a wide angle near thenbsp;midrib, the lower branch curving to the margin, the upper branch archingnbsp;strongly near the midrib and forking again, the nervils passing out nearlynbsp;at a right angle to the border, the middle nervil forking again as the pinnule approaches the creuulate stage, those in the lobes of the pinnatifidnbsp;pinnules being rather close, curving strongly outward, and forking again asnbsp;the lobes become more deeply dissected; fertile pinnae of the same form asnbsp;the sterile pinnae, a little more distant or slightly reduced; sori in a row,nbsp;situated within the border of the pinnule or lobe, often appearing as rathernbsp;large, noncontiguous, roundish, pustular elevations of the lamina on thenbsp;upper sui�face of the pinnule, or, when mature and crushed, seeming tonbsp;cover the lower surface; sporangia oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or roundednbsp;at the base, tapering above to an acute point, openmg by a ventral cleft,nbsp;and attached apparently by or near the base in groups of four or more.

When the first consignment of fossils from Henry County, IMissouri, was received at the United States National Museum, several years ago, Inbsp;attempted the identification of the species of Pecopteris, but found myselfnbsp;entirely unable to distinguish, in practical usage, the three species describednbsp;and figured in the Coal Flora from this region. In fact, it immediatelynbsp;became quite plain that not only were the same forms referred to bothnbsp;Pecopteris dintoni Lx. and Callipteridium membranaceum Lx., but it also

under each name. Afterwards, when additional, collections had come, and the series of allied forms was represented by nearh- a thousand specimens,nbsp;it was evident that a revision would be necessary. Pending, however, thenbsp;removal of the Lacoe collection to Washington, all further study of thisnbsp;group in the material from Missouri was postponed. Since that time thenbsp;consummation of the gilt of Mr. Lacoe�s invaluable collection of Paleozoicnbsp;plants to the United States National Museum has given me the opportunit}^nbsp;to study the magnilicent series of Pecoterids therein, including the typesnbsp;of species contained in the Missouri material. Accordingly, in the followingnbsp;discussions of the species concerned, I shall make reference to the specimensnbsp;identified by Professor I.esquereux, some of which are herein illustrated.

Among the collections there are several hundred specimens re})resent-well-defined S2)ecies, which is distingui,shed from the other forms

present by the close oblong pinna;, with smooth rachises and very slightly rugose, opaque, nearly smooth lamina in which the nerves are generallynbsp;fairly well shown. The Tertiary pinna} are oblong-linear or oblong, slightlynbsp;contracted at the base, the sides nearly parallel, and somewhat abriq)tlynbsp;contracted at the top in an acute point terminated by an ovate pinnule

The pinnules are close, open nearly at a right angle to the rachis, proportionately iiaiTOw, hardly decurrent, and very uneven in their i^osition.nbsp;The lamina is depressed rather strongly over the midrib and rejjand at thenbsp;margin. The nerves differ from those of the other species by their morenbsp;erect position near the midrib and the more strongly arched nervils, whichnbsp;pass more nearly at right angles to the margin, besides being irregular ornbsp;somewhat crooked and closer.

A large slab containing segments of parallel primary pinine of this plant, the broad section of whose rachises indicates a very great size fornbsp;the species, is shown in PI. XXIX. These segments are interesting fromnbsp;the fact that the parallelism of their j)osition seems to indicate a relationship of both the contained segments as subdivisions of a pinna, of a stillnbsp;higher order, a condition still more strongly suggested by a section of anbsp;fertile frond on another slab. In this fertile specimen a section of a pinnatenbsp;rachis of nearly the size seen in the larger slab is seen in union at an obliquenbsp;angle with a still larger rachis, the entire width of which is unfortunatelynbsp;not shown in the specimen.

The segments on the large slabs are also of importance as showing in direct connection on the same pinna the acnte or acuminate apices of thenbsp;lateral compound pinme, some variation in the obtuseness of the ultimatenbsp;pinnae, and, in pai'ticular, the presence of slightly macerated poitions innbsp;which the pinnules are flattened and spread out, in contrast to the well-preserved portions, in which the lamina is arched and broadly canaliculatenbsp;over the midrib, so as to give the pinnae an Alethopteroid aspect. Thenbsp;superficial characters seen in the upper latei-al pinnae in the center of thenbsp;large slab will at once be recognized in Fig. 1, PL XXXI, one of the figurednbsp;types^ of Alethopteris anibigm Lx. (No. 3093, Lacoe collection), and thenbsp;detail of the nervation in the latter (PL XXXI, Fig. la) agrees equallynbsp;well. The original (No. 3094, Lacoe collection) of fig. 3 of the same platenbsp;in the Coal Flora presents precisely the same features, both in the form andnbsp;in the details, as is seen in the type of fig. 2, both specimens^ being unquestionable representatives of the species illustrated in PL XXIX.

The reference of Nos. 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, and a number of other Missouri specimens of this form to Alethopteris was presumedly due to thenbsp;irregularity of the pinnules and the rather strongly depressed midrib, suggestive of Alethopteris ambigna, as well as to the scarcity of the smaller andnbsp;pinnatifid fragments of the latter species in the author�s hands at the timenbsp;the description was written. The real difference of the nervation of thenbsp;two species, which will be illustrated in Pis XXVIII, XXXIII, andnbsp;XXVI, Fig. la, is indicated even in figs, la and 3a of the plate in thenbsp;Coal Flora.

The same conclusion as to specific identity is to be drawn from the details of No. 3174, Fig. 1, PL XXVIII, which was one of the types usednbsp;in Professor Lesquereux�s original description of P. clintoni. No. 3179 andnbsp;several other examples from Missouri in the same collection are also fragments of the same plant, being quite easily distinguishable from the othernbsp;form originally included in the species last mentioned.

The pinnae seen in PL XXX are presumably from the middle or lower portions of the frond. Toward the extremity of the large pinnae coi're-sponding to those on the large slab, the rachis tapers quite rapidly, the

Unfortunately tlie original of fig. 3 of pi. xxxi of the Coal Flora is not suited to illustration hy photogra])Iiy.

ultimate lateral piniifB being succeeded by very small pinnae or pinnatitid pinnules. An intermediate stage is seen in the illustration of No. 3179/ PLnbsp;XXVIII, Fig. 2, while the pinnatifid higher stage is shown in PI. XXX,nbsp;and PI. XXXII, Fig. 1, the enlarged details of the pinnules being given innbsp;PI. XXX, Figs. Iffi-c, though the pinnae are often more obtuse. Still lower,nbsp;however, than the pinnae shown in the large slab, the lateral pinnae becomenbsp;considerably broadened, the pinnnles also assuming a crenulate phase,nbsp;though both the outlines and the details are conformable to the t^-pe.

The characters of the fertile pinnae, as noted in the above description, are quite uniform. When first appearing in specimens showing the uppernbsp;surface of the lamina, the sori appear as small pustular, noncontiguousnbsp;elevations, arranged in a row nearly midway between the midrib and thenbsp;margin in the pinnules and lobes, which are slightly reduced and rathernbsp;more coriaceous than in the sterile pinnae. In Fig. 2, PI. XXXI, of No.nbsp;3097,^ ill the Lacoe collection, chosen for illustration on account of itsnbsp;better adaptation to photography, the sori are expressed faintly through thenbsp;fertile portion of the fragment. At a later stage they seem to occupj- mostnbsp;of the surface of the pinnule, from beneath which, when crushed, as isnbsp;usually the case, the sharp apices of the sporangia may protrude in a manner observed in the genus Scolecopteris Zenk. PI. XXXII, Fig. 2, shows anbsp;fragment from a portion of a frond which is also referable to this species,nbsp;probably corresponding iiearlj- to the position seen in the large slab PI.nbsp;XXIX. It represents the upper surface of the pinnules, a portion of whichnbsp;show traces of the sporangia.

It is very rarely possible to gain an adequate idea of the sporangia when the lower surface of the pinna is exposed, since they are in every case badlynbsp;crushed. Still it seems fairly certain that the sporangia are usually innbsp;groups of four attached by the obtuse base, the upper, pointed, free endsnbsp;being erect, on which account they are generally broken down or matted innbsp;the impression so as to obscure the arrangement. Fig. 3a on PI. XXXInbsp;will serve to illustrate the appearance of the sporangia in one of the specimens which I somewhat doubtfully refer to this species, altliough the viewnbsp;(ventral surface) of the pinnule presented is not suitable for detailed illustration.

�Identified by Professor Lesqiiereux as Pecopteris clintoni; in the Lacoe collection. �^Identified by Professor Lesquereux as Alethopteris ambigua.

As I was somewhat uncertain as to the generic reference of the fertile pinnae, a few fragments were sent to Prof. R. Zeiller, wlio is preeminentlynbsp;experienced in the determination of carbonized fertile Paleozoic ferns.nbsp;This distinguished author, who has had the kindness to examine these fragments, writes that he considers them as somewhat inteimediate betweennbsp;Asterotheca and Scolecopteris, though probably much nearer the Asterothecanbsp;type, especially as that is seen in Pecopieris [Asterotheca) hemitelioidesnbsp;Brongn. My own observations lead me to accept Professor Zeiller�s conclusion, for the sporangia appear to me to be attached by the base, withoutnbsp;pedicels, while at the same time they are larger, broader, and less acutenbsp;than in any described species of Scolecopteris. They appear in part considerably like the figure given by Stur� as Hawlea Aliltoni. It is hopednbsp;that additional details may be brought out in future in the course of a morenbsp;leisurely study of this and other fertile species in this flora.

The original (No. 3173 of the Lacoe collection) of fig. 5 on pi. xlii of the Coal Flora, described as the fruit of Pecop)teris clintoni, appears to menbsp;to be indistinguishable from the fertile pinnee of Pecopieris pseudovestita seennbsp;in many fragments from Pitcher�s coal bank. The oval bodies delineatednbsp;as sporangia are the protuberances of the upper surface of the slightlynbsp;macerated lamina over the sori. The sporangia themselves appear to belongnbsp;to the type described above. It should be noted that the fertile pinnulesnbsp;do not taper as much as represented in the artist�s drawing, nor are thenbsp;sterile pinnules above so broad and compact. Very good examples of thenbsp;fertile pinnm of our species are seen in Nos. 3142 and 3127, labeled P.nbsp;vestita, of the Lacoe collection, while 3140 is typical of P. pseudovestita.nbsp;However, in No. 3097 of the Lacoe collection, mentioned above, we havenbsp;a well-preserved segment labeled Alethopteris amhigua in which a portion isnbsp;fertile, the sporangia being expressed on the upper surface of the lamina.nbsp;Several other fossil specimens, also labeled Alethopteris amhigua, agree in allnbsp;respects with the fertile pinnae of our species and should be referrednbsp;thereto.

Among the Old World species, Pecopteris pseudovestita is perhaps most similar to the smallest pinnae of P. abhreviata Brongn. In the latter sjjecies,nbsp;however, the corresponding parts are very much larger and the pinnae muchnbsp;more oblique, while the nervation is not so dense. From P. oreop)teridia

Brongii., wliicli it resembles iii its lateral pinnm and terminal pinnules, onr species difFers by its irregular, flexuous, and generally more open pinnae,nbsp;the irregular pinnules, and the inore compact, outward-arched nervils.

Besides the differentiating characters of form, texture, and nervation, mentioned at the outset of these remarks, Pecopteris pseudovestita can furthernbsp;be distinguished from F. clintoni Lx. and F. vestita Lx. liy the irregularit}^nbsp;of the pinnae and pinnules, the latter being slightly unequal, and thenbsp;sporangia, which are longer and more pointed than in F. clintoni, and muchnbsp;broader, more crowded, and larger than F. vestita. The most strikingnbsp;distinctions for our species, however, are the obtuseness of the lateral pinna?,,nbsp;the smooth rachis, the absence of villosity in the sterile pinnae, and thenbsp;quite different nervation.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal bank, IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5644, 5648, 5725, 5775, 5776, 5780, 5781, 5784, 5786, 5788, 5790, 5791, 5794, 5799, 5800,nbsp;5809; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5778, 5789. Owen�s coal bank,nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mus., 5777, 5783, 5793?, 5797?, 5798, 5801; Henry County, Missouri, Lacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 3093, 3097, 3174, 3179; Deepwater, �. 8. Nat. Mus., 5779?.

1879. Pecopteris vestita Lesquerrux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pi. xliii, figs. 1-7 (5?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 252 (pars).

1883. Pecopteris vestita Lesquereu.x, 13th Eept. (leol. Siirv. Indiana, pt. 2, pi. xiv, figs l,lfl. .nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

1889. Pecopteris vestita Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 612, text fig.

hh-ond rather large, spreading, somewhat dense; primary (?) piniue lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slightly lax; rachis rather slender, slightlynbsp;flexed at the bases of the secondary pinna?, sparsely punctate; secondaiynbsp;pinna? alternate, open, the lower ones at a right angle to the rachis ornbsp;retlexed, the upper ones somewhat oblique, usually touching or overlappingnbsp;a little, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the rachis being rather slender,nbsp;straight or slightly curved, generally rigid, slightly rounded on the dorsalnbsp;side, minutely lineate, witli rather distant and not veri' large punctations;nbsp;ultimate pinnae alternate, very open, the lower ones slightly reflexed, closenbsp;or touching, the upper ones becoming more distant, but slightly decurrent,nbsp;oblong, or oblong-triangular when small, becoming lanceolate-triano-ular and

very long linear-triangular wlien large, tapering nearly the whole length, the sides converging rather more rapidly in approaching the ratlier slendernbsp;tip; ultimate rachis slightly terete beneath, sulcate on the ventral surface,nbsp;rather slender, rigid, or slightly curved; pinnules alternate, close, usuallynbsp;nearly touching, sometimes a little distant, open, the lower ones nearly atnbsp;a right angle to the rachis, decurrent; when young, oval, curving ontward,nbsp;and connected halfway up, becoming oblong or oblong-ovate, narrowingnbsp;slightly from the base up toward the obtusely rounded tip, separated tonbsp;near the rachis by a Amry narrow decurrent sinus that cuts to near the midrib on the upper side of the largest pinnules; lamina of moderate thickness,nbsp;de^Dressed over the midrib, arched slightly backward at the margins, narrowly decurrent from the bases of the pinnules, either rather densely coverednbsp;with short scales or scaly hairs lying parallel to the nervation, or, whennbsp;macerated, appearing broAvnish or ti'ansparent, the scaly covering usuallynbsp;remaining, hoAvever, in portions of the specimen; nei�Amtion clear on thenbsp;dorsal surface of the pinnule, or more or less distinct in the maceratednbsp;specimens; midrib rather slendei�, more or less decurrent, and tapering tonbsp;near the apex of the larger pinnules; lateral ueiwes fine, originating at anbsp;rather wide angle and either, in the smallest pinnules, turning upAvard,nbsp;simple, or, in the larger pinnules, forking near the base, and passing, Avitiinbsp;slight cniwature, quite obliquely to the margin, the upper branch forkingnbsp;again in the largest simple pinnules; fructification in small sori situated anbsp;little distant in, a roAV a little withiir the margin of the pinnules or lobes;nbsp;sporangia 4 to 6 in the sori, small, lanceolate, acute at the upper end,nbsp;attached at or near the larger rounded loAver end.

Fecopteris vestita Lx., Avhich was originally described from the Aucinity of Clinton, Missouri, is represent�d among the collections in hand by a finenbsp;series of typical specimens. The species is in general fairly Avell markednbsp;by the long, tapering, slender pinnae, the pinnules broadest near the basenbsp;and decurrent, the upper surface densely coA�^ered by short scalelike hairsnbsp;or very minute cliaflfy scales arranged parallel to the nerves, Avliich theynbsp;generally obscure, and the slender oblique nervation.

The fossil shown in PI. XXXIII, Fig. 2, presumably a secondary pinna, corresponds in size and in details to one of the lateral pinnae aiTangednbsp;alternately along a slightly flexuous rachis, about 6 inm. in diameter, onnbsp;one of the larger slabs. The pinnae in Fig. 5, especially in the upper part.

are comparable to tliose seen in fig. 6, pi. xliii, of tlie Atlas to the Coal Flora. In this case the specimen is macerated enough to i)ermit the satisfactory discovery of the nervation over a considerable portion of its area,nbsp;although in the darker portions traces of the villosity are expressed on this,nbsp;the dorsal, aspect. The lowest pinnules of the fragment are slightly crenu-late, representing the beginning of the transition to the pinnatifid stagenbsp;illustrated in Fig. 2, the further development of whicli is seen in Fig. 3,nbsp;PI. XXVI. The pliase shown in Fig. 2, PI. XXXIII, is the most commonnbsp;aspect of the fragments in the collections. S})ecimens with })iunatitidnbsp;pinnules as small as those shown in fig. 7 of the plate in the Goal Flora arenbsp;very rare in the collection. In Fig. 4, PI. XXXIIl, are shown the smallnbsp;lateral phmse of a villous fragTOent in which the coiu-se of the nerves cannbsp;be dimly discerned among the-crowded scalelike hairs.

Simple pinnae of the type seen in Fig. 1, PI. XXXIIl, and Fig-. 6 or Fig. 7, are not rare in the collection. In the last figure, which is somewhatnbsp;suggestive of Fecopteris arborescens Brongn., the ])ositiou of the immaturenbsp;sori is indicated on the upper surface by a row of small, rather distantnbsp;points on either side of the midrib.

Fertile pinnae of Fecopteris vestita are not rare in the recent collections from Henry County, though 1 have seen none that show the details of thenbsp;sporangia structure. As noted in the descriptions, the groups of sporangianbsp;are a little distant and well within the margin. The sporangia, which arenbsp;somewhat smaller than in F. pseudovestita, are usually four to the sorus,nbsp;oval-lanceolate, acute, about 1 mm. long and .4 mm. wide in the lower partnbsp;From their deep-seated jmsition on tlie lamina and the apparent absence ofnbsp;pedicels, I am inclined to regard them as referable to the Asterotheca type.nbsp;A number of specimens of the form described above, identified as this s})eciesnbsp;by Lesquereux, are in the Lacoe collection, Xos. 3141 and 3146 beingnbsp;among the clearest and best. Many fei�tile fragments labeled as this speciesnbsp;by Professor Lesquereux should be referred to Fecopteris pseudovestita, as isnbsp;remarked in the discussion of that species.

Fecopteris vestita may nearly always be quite easily distinguished from F. pseudovestita by the more slender, more rigid, and much more taperingnbsp;pimiEe, hardly contracted at the base; by the much more regular, parallel,nbsp;and decurrent pinnules, tapering more from the base upward, with apicesnbsp;not so rounded; by the lamina, clothed on the upper surface with minute

scales or scalj liairs, wliicli may generally be discovered even in some portions of tbe most macerated specimens; by the more oblique, straigliter, fewer, and more even nerves, and by the rather more distant sori and thenbsp;smaller sporangia. From the form described by Lesquereux from Mazonnbsp;Creek, Illinois, and from other localities as �^Pecopteris villosa Brongn.?,� tonbsp;which it is more closely related than to any other species, the Missourinbsp;plant seems to differ by the less robust pinnae, the more decurrent pinnules,nbsp;and the more oblique nervation in the pinnatifid pinnules. The rachis innbsp;the i^lant so common at Mazon Creek is rather more densely and conspicuously punctate. The Lacoe collection contains examples from the Radstocknbsp;coal field and the Forest of Dean, in England, which seem hardly separablenbsp;from the forms identified by Lesquereux as Pecopteris villosa Brongn.?�nbsp;P. vestita differs from P. dintoni by its smaller size, more acute lateral pinnse,nbsp;narrower and much more regular pinnules, not narrowed at the base, rathernbsp;closer and a little coarser nervation, and its small, acute sporangia.

Localities.�Most common at Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5646, 5647, 5683, 5684, 5685, 5688, 5745, 5754, 5755, 5758, 5760, 5766, 5767,nbsp;5770, 5773, 5808, 5822; Hobbs�s coal bank, IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5746, 5748,nbsp;5753, 5765, 5769, 5771, 5773!, 5774; Pitcher�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;5747, 5752, 5753, 5756!, 5759, 5761, 5762, 5763, 5768; Henry County,nbsp;Missouri, IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5656, 5749, 5757.

1879. Pecopteris GUntoni Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pi. xlii, figs. 1-3, 3a, 4, 4a (non figs. 5, oa-b)-, text, vol. i (1880), p. 251 (pars).

1879. Callipteridium membranaceum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, in 0, pi. xxvii, figs. 5, 5a. (uon figs. G, 7, 8); text, vol. i (1880), p. 172 (pars).

Frond large, tri-or polypinnate; secondary (?) pinnm lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, lax, somewhat polymorphous, and provided nearnbsp;the apex with confluent pinnatifid pinnules; rachis broad, lineate, flat, lax;nbsp;lateral pinna? alternate, open, at a right angle to the rachis at the base,nbsp;becoming oblique above, generally rather distant, sometimes close or contiguous, irregular, lax, flexuous, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, the lower onesnbsp;often slender and acute, the up})er ones more obtuse; pinnules alternate,nbsp;very open in the middle, generally close, often contiguous, decurreut, poly-

morplious, oval, ovate or oblong, obtuse, sometimes irregularly- lobed when becoming pinnatifid, connate tor some distance, especially in the young�ernbsp;pinme, dissected by a narrow, deeply decurrent sinus when large; laminanbsp;rather thin, villous, generally flat, or nearly so; nervation usually obscure;nbsp;median nerve more or less decurrent, strong at the base, and Amnishing innbsp;the upper part of the pinnule; nervils distant, fine, originating at a rathernbsp;narrow angle, forking once near the base, the upper branch, sometimes bothnbsp;branches in the larger pinnules, torking again, and liassing Amry obliquelynbsp;to the margin; sporangia oauiI, a\�eraging .5 mm. in length and .4 mm. innbsp;width, arranged 5 to 7 in the sorus, Avhich, Avhen crushed, nearly coversnbsp;the lower surface of the pinnule.

This species as described and illustrated by Lesquereux^ is not infrequent in the Missouri material, especially in that from. Hobbs�s coal bank. In these specimens, as Avell as in the many examples from this region innbsp;the Lacoe collection labeled udth this name by Lesquereux, the mostnbsp;striking features Avhich appear on first glancing at the specimens are thenbsp;variability in the size of the piuuai and pinnules, the lax and the irregularnbsp;attitude of the pinna?, and the frequent occurrence of a heteromorphousnbsp;deA-elopmeut near the apices of some of the pinna?.^ In many sijecimensnbsp;this is much more marked than is shown in the specimen given in fig. 1 ofnbsp;the plate in the Coal Flora. The decurrent bases of the pinnules, foi-mingnbsp;a marginal Aving eA�en in the larger pinnules, and the degree of the conna-tion of the pinnules in the smaller pinna?, are suggestive of a Sphenopteridnbsp;relation.

In some of the exanq)les, like that illustrated, PL XXXIV, the leaf substance is so macerated that it is possible, especially on the loAver side,nbsp;to see the nervation, Avhicli in better-preserved fragments, such as the onenbsp;shoAvn in Fig. 4, PI. XXXV, is Amry much if not totally obscured beneathnbsp;the villous covering. Traces of the Aullosity are, lioweA^er, to be seen innbsp;nearly all the specimens.

A number of macerated and semitransparent specimens of this type, from the same region, were labeled by Lesquereux as Callipteridiimi mem-hramceum Lx. Among the examples of such a reference in the Lacoe

2This, of course, does not apply to the small specimens of the smooth plant with different form and nervation, which I have described as Pecopteris paeudovestita.

collection are Nos. 3182, 3184, 3185, and 3191, all of which show the form and nervation, as well as the villosity, of Pecopteris dintoni.

Similarly, as might be suspected from a comparison of figs. 4 and 6 on pi. xxvii in the Coal Flora, with figs. 4 and 6, respectively, of pi. xlii of thenbsp;same work, Nos. 3181 and 3183, the originals, respectively, of these figures,nbsp;fail, so far as I am able to discover, to present an Alethopteroid nervation,nbsp;and after a careful examination, being unable to discern the nervationnbsp;delineated by the artist, I do not hesitate to refer both of them to thenbsp;Pecopteris dintoni.

An obscure fertile segment which seems referable to this species is also present in the collection. The flattened sjwrangia are genei�ally oval,nbsp;often squarrose, or obovate-squarrose, and usually crowded on the surfacenbsp;of the pinnule. Five, six, or seven are usually grouped in the sorus, thenbsp;arrangement being apparently about a short central column; but in manynbsp;cases in which the group contains seven or six sporangia, one of the latternbsp;appears to occupy a central position. The cells of the sporangium wall,nbsp;which seems to open by a cleft extending downward from the apex, arenbsp;elongated in the direction of the longer axis of the sporangium.

As has already been stated, the sporangia seen in the oidginal of fig. 5 on pi. xlii of the Coal Flora are, though obscure, probably of the typenbsp;found in connection with the Pecopteris pseudovestita, to which the somewhat erroneously delineated sterile portions of the specimen seem alsonbsp;referable.

Altliough Pecopteris dintoni presents rarely in the upper pinnae a form similar to Callipteridiim membranaceum Lx., it is easily distinguished by thenbsp;nervation when the latter is seen, as well as by the almost constantly present villosity. In reality the general aspect of the pinna of this species isnbsp;Pecopteroid or slightly Spheiioptei�oid, quite in contrast to the Alethopteroidnbsp;phase of the Gallipteridium. The pinnae of our species are considerablynbsp;larger, more obtuse, more irregular and lax than those of P. vestita, whilenbsp;the rachis is not punctate. The nervation also in P. dintoni is more distantnbsp;and generally more oblique. With P. pseudovestita P. dintoni is not likelynbsp;to be confused, on account of the greater size, more open arrangement ofnbsp;the pinnae, the much larger, decurreiit, polymorphous, tapering, villous pinnules, the distant fine, relatively straight, very oblique, and more simplenbsp;nerves, and the much smaller and more rounded sporangia in the latter.

From the closely resemblaiit species Sphenopteris integra, as figured in Oermar�s � Versteiiierungeii,�' our species is distinguished by the more opennbsp;divisions, the pinnules usually not curved so much upward, with bases notnbsp;rhombic, while the midrib is not so slender or flexuous.

Localities.�Roh'bs's coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5730, 5732, 5737, 5751?- Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5505, 550G, 5729, 5733, 5735,nbsp;5750?; Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5608?, 5728, 5731, 5734;nbsp;Henry County, Missouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5823.

Amono- the obscure and specificalh- indeterminate Pecopteroid fragments are two specimens showing a delicate, translucent, oblique pinnuled plant, somewhat suggestive of some of the unillustrated examples fromnbsp;Mazon Creek, Illinois, referred by Professor Lesquereux to Fecopteris ser-pillifolia. The Missouri form has, however, the sides of the pinnules morenbsp;nearly parallel and the nervils more open and forking once in the larger

ddie material appears insufficient to justify an attempt at a more complete description or comparison.

Another new species of Fecopteris was distinguished and described by Professor Lesquereux in manuscript, which it is hoped may be published atnbsp;an early date. The quotation of the nomen nudum in this place is sufficientnbsp;to indicate the presence in our flora of this species, which was named Fecopteris mertensides.

Locality.�Henry County, Missouri, No. 4869 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Frond (?) consisting of broad, pinnate, dilate, palmate-open, lax-nerved, somewhat fleshy expansions of the rachial lamina, on the upper surface ofnbsp;which are placed the more or less distinctly imbricated pinnules. Type,nbsp;Brittsia prohlematica.

Primary pinnse small, oval or round, consisting- of a shoi�t, broad, lax, flattened axis, from wliicli radiate, disticliously, lingulate crenulated tlialloidnbsp;(I) braiiches or secondary pinnge, each of which is pi'ovided with twonbsp;rows, one on each side of the rachis, of alternate, denticulate, imbricatednbsp;scales or pinnules; main axis rather coarsely and irregularly striate, as if tonbsp;cori-espond to the course of lax vascular bundles, 4 to 8 cm. long or longer,nbsp;2 to 5 mm. or more in width at the base, expanded and relaxed to a muchnbsp;greater width in the middle, dissolving somewhat rapidly at the top, andnbsp;bordered on either side by a rather thick lamina which extends along thenbsp;lateral pinnse, joining them near their bases; lateral pinnge alternate, close,nbsp;usually somewhat overlapping, the lowest much reflexed, the middle onesnbsp;at a right angle to the axis, the upper ones becoming more oblique, sonbsp;as to impart a somewhat radial effect, lingulate, 1 to 5 cm. long, 7 tonbsp;10 mm. broad, slightly narrower at the base, often broadest in the upper-part, obtusely rounded at the apex, each pinna composed of a broad, sinuate,nbsp;bandlike, lax rachis at a right angle to, or but sliglitly decur-rent to, thenbsp;principal axis, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, giving off short, oblique branchesnbsp;alternately and regularly at intervals of from 2.5 to 5 mm. on the samenbsp;side, which pass through and out of the rachial lamina or border close tonbsp;the rachis to enter the pinnules; border of the lateral rachises continuousnbsp;with that of the main axis, not very thick, minutely coriaceous, 2 to 5nbsp;mm. wide on either side, the margin obscure, apparently broken irregularly or crenulate-erose, depressed in shallow pits, or gathered slightly atnbsp;the vascular base of each pinnule; pinnules alternate, originating one fromnbsp;each of the vascular pits in the rachial lamina, asymmetric, ovate, or obovate-cuueate, 8 to 12 mm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, apparently narrow at the pointnbsp;of attachment, arching outward at first, then broadening and spreading overnbsp;the rachial lamina, inclined upward, imbricating, the margin incised in sharpnbsp;or rather broad, not very long teeth; leaf substance of pinnules not verynbsp;thick;, nervation coarse, broad, flabellate from the base of the pinnule in anbsp;broad fascicle, the wide strands forking two to four times at a narrow anglenbsp;and arching somewhat in their passage to the extremities of the teeth.

plant may be gained from an inspection of the forms shown in PI. XLVII Fig. 3, and PI. XLVIII, Figs. 1 and 3. AH of the pinnm are of the samenbsp;type and agree in the expansion of the flat axis above tlie base in thenbsp;middle portion of the pinna, the surface being marked by coarse, irregularnbsp;-striae corresponding to the vascular bundles which are sjmead out in broadnbsp;lax, sinuate bands in the lateral pinnae, 'the marginal lamina of tlie mainnbsp;axis is continuous with that of the lateral rachises, forming lingulate expansions about the latter. A marked feature in the lateral pinnm, however isnbsp;the position of the pinnules in a different plane from the lamina. Thenbsp;pinnules originate, apparently with much constricted bases, at alternatingnbsp;points on-the lamina close to the rachis, the roundish, pitlike vascular cicatrices, when the pinnules are fallen or removed, giving the general effect ofnbsp;sori or sporangia on the lamina. This character is seen in Fig. 3, PI XLVIInbsp;or Fig. 3 on PL XLVIII, in which, as in most of the specimens, the jnnnulesnbsp;are wholly removed and only the marginal lamina is left. It is difficult tonbsp;determine whether these pits marking the passage of the vascular bundlesnbsp;to the pinnules are actually within the margin of this raclnal lamina or notnbsp;In a number of cases the broad expanse of the lamina seems continuousnbsp;around the cicatrice, as though the pinnule emerged from its surface. Nevertheless, it is quite possible, and would be more natural, for the pinnulesnbsp;to spring from very deep sinuses on the lamina, whose greatly dilated broadnbsp;expansions on the same side overlaj) so compactly as to have every appearance of a continuous limb. These exjjansions, one of which is shown in Fio-4, PI. XLVII, not only lie in the approximate plane of the rachis, but theynbsp;may clearly be traced distinctly separate from the i)innules opposite them;nbsp;and, although the margins are generally obscure and apparently ei-ose ornbsp;crenulate, the attachment of the pinnules is evidently quite narrow

The pinnules themselves are borne in two rows on each of the lateral pinnm. From the point of attachnrent, marked by the cicatricial pits in tlienbsp;depinnuled pinnae, they curve outward slightly, then inward so that thosenbsp;on one side of the rachis overlap those on the other side, alternately imbricating, the combined expanse of both rows being much greater than thenbsp;raclnal lamina. In Fig. 1, PI. XLVIII, is shown the greater part of a frond (I)nbsp;in the lower left of which the pinnules are still in place, as is better illustrated in Fig. 1�. Fig. 2, the photographic enlargement, 2�, and the detailsnbsp;Fig. 21), show the double series of broken pinnules still in their normal

arrangement, the rachis and racliial lamina together with the bases of the pinnules having been lifted away. It seems probable that these pinnulesnbsp;are somewhat convex, curving out away from the lamina, and that normallynbsp;they are somewhat raised, oblique to the plane of the rachis. The nervesnbsp;are 'broad and flat, forking dichotomously and passing somewhat flabellatelynbsp;into the not very long, rather blunt teeth.

It is a noteworthy fact that the surface of the primary (I) pinnae in most of the specimens is concave or convex, the ends, the lateral pinnae,nbsp;being reflexed or rolled back from the side bearing the pinnules. Thus innbsp;one fragment the lateral pinnae are rolled halfway back. Fig. 1, PI. XLVII,nbsp;representing the axial side, while Fig. 2 shows the opposite sides of thenbsp;body nearly covered by the reflexed pinnae. The pinnules formerly covering what is now the outer surface are entirely lost.

Among the Paleozoic plants thus far made known the form which seems most nearly related to this species is the Schizopteris pinnata of Grandnbsp;�Eury^ or the Androstachys frondosus of the same author,^ both of whichnbsp;have been referred by Zeiller^ to Zygopteris, since Renaulthad alreadynbsp;discovered in the fronds of ScMzopteris pinnata the structure characteristicnbsp;of Corda�s genus.� Aramarites spicte/omis. Germar� has several points ofnbsp;strong resemblance, especially the characters of the axis and the arrangement of the lateral pinnge, and it perhaps belongs, as Grand �Eury andnbsp;Zeiller have suggested, in the same group. The rachises of both ordersnbsp;in our plant are much more lax apparently than in the examples figured bynbsp;Grand �Eury or Zeiller,�� while the racliial lamina, which is so prominent anbsp;feature in the Missouri fossil, seems hardly represented in Zygopteris pinnata, the pinnules of which are lateral, though perhaps not in the samenbsp;plane, with lax fibrovascular bundles passing out through the limb fromnbsp;the whole width of the pinnule. In our plant, on the contrary, the broadnbsp;lateral lamina is not striated by the passage of any bundles, the vascularnbsp;branches being confined to the bands which pass from the rachis of thenbsp;lateral pinnae to the cicatrices seen in the racliial lamina.

�Verst. Steink. Lobejtin u. Wettin, p. 94, pi. xxxiii, tigs. 1,2. � FI. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i. Atlas, pi. xxxii, figs. 5-7.

No sporangia appear in any of the specimens of Brittsia problematica, although the reflexion of the piniife, as in Fig. 1, PL XLVII, is possiblynbsp;evidence of fertility. The discovery of specimens showing the fructificationnbsp;and the degree of continuity of the lamina about the base of the pinnules isnbsp;greatly to be desired.

Locality.�VitdiQv's coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5554, 5555, 5693, 5723, 5724, 5811. Additional specimens from the same locality also sentnbsp;recently by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri. � One specimen comesnbsp;from Hobbs�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5722.

Among the fern fragments trom Owen�s mine are three pinnm in vernation. These lie close together and are ^larallel, thus indicating theirnbsp;probable origin from a sipgle frond. The rachises are quite strong andnbsp;prominently striate-ribbed, not punctate nor scabrous. The characters, sonbsp;far as they appear, of the inrolled pinnae, less than a centimeter in diameter,nbsp;favor a reference to Aletliopteris amUgua, with which correlation the characters of the racliis are in agreement.

1820. Lepidodendron Sternberg, FI. d. Vorwelt, vol. i, fasc. 1, pp. 20,23; tent. (1825), p. xii (pars).

1836. Sigillaria�sect. Caulopteris Brongniart, Hist. v�g. foss., vol. i, p. 417.

The above name, although a nomen nudum, will serve in this report to record the presence in the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri of a newnbsp;species of fern stem, described in the unpublished manuscript on the American Coal Flora, by Professor Lesquereux. Although the specimen isnbsp;referred by the latter to Stemmatopteris, the details of the scar are quite

clear and unobscured by rarneutum, so that tliere seems t(j be no reason why the species should not be placed directly in the genus Caulopteris.

1870. Oaulopteris aoantophora Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 458, pi. xxvi, �gs. 3, 4. (� Caulopteris f aoantophora� in expl. pi.)

1884. Ulodendron punctatum L. and H., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 405 (syn.).

A number of specimens appear to agree well with this species, first described by Professor Lesquereux from Illinois. In these, however, asnbsp;well as in the type specimen, now in the Illinois State Museum of Naturalnbsp;History, I am unable to find any clear evidence of any attachment of fossilnbsp;petioles, such as to warrant its generic reference. On the contraiy, in thenbsp;specimen figured in the Illinois Report, vol. iv, pi. xxvi, fig. 3, the concentric markings on the left appear to be due entirely to slickensides, while thenbsp;curved zone on the light is extraneous. An examination of a large numbernbsp;of -similar specimens from Morris and Colchester, Illinois, fails to show anbsp;single scar that, in my opinion, can satisfactorily be regarded as belongingnbsp;to Caulopteris.

The peculiar and characteristic spines of the species are present and clearly visible. It may not be impossible that these remains are the petiolesnbsp;of some spinous Pecopteris, such as Pecopteris villosa, P. vestita, or P. lepidor-rachis, one of which is represented abundantly at both Clinton in Missourinbsp;and the region of Morris in Illinois.

1860. Megaphytum Goldenhergi Weiss, Zeitschr. d. deutscli. geol. Gesell., vol. xii, p. 511, text fig.

1869. Megaphytum Ooldenhergii Weiss, Schimper, Trait�, vol. 1, p. 713, pi. liv, figs. 1,2. 1872. Megaphytum Goldenhergi Weiss, O. Feistmantel, Abh. k. b�hin. Gesell., (6) vol. v,nbsp;p. 7, pi. i, fig. 1.

1874. Megaphytum Goldenhergi Weiss, O. Feistmantel, Verst, b�hm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 142, pi. xxii, fig. 1.

1879. Megaphytum Goldenhergii Weiss, Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 13, pi. Ixi, fig. 4; text, vol. i (1880), p. 349.

1881. Megaphytum Goldenhergi Weiss, Aus d. PI. d. Steiuk., p. 17, pi. xix, fig. 112.

The inscription of this species of Megaplnjton in the flora of the lower coals of Missouri rests wholly on the determination of the specimen fromnbsp;Henry County, described and figured by Lesquereux in the Coal Floradnbsp;Although this specimen appears from its description to differ somewhatnbsp;from the type established by Weiss, it constitutes for the present thenbsp;American type, and consequently the standard of characters for the speciesnbsp;in this country.

A small specimen before me, collected by Dr. Jenney, presents a smaller trunk, whose partly effaced and obsure scars may be in agreementnbsp;with the type referred to above, though the characters are not sufficientlynbsp;clear to admit of a satisfactory identification. The general facies and pro-j^ortions of the segment are strongly suggestive of the M. a^^proximatum asnbsp;illustrated by Lindley and Huttoiff and Zeiller.� In fact, but for thenbsp;obscurity of its characters, which make its accurate identification impossible, and the circumstance that the M. GoMenbergi was found in the samenbsp;vicinity or perhaps at the same locality, I should have couqjared the specimen in hand with the species of Lindley and Hutton rather than with thatnbsp;described by Weiss and Schimper.

Locality.�The type illustrated in the Coal Flora, and donated to the United States National Museum by Dr. J. H. Britts, is from tlie vicinity ofnbsp;Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, �. S. Nat. Mus., 6198. The small,nbsp;doubtful fragment is from the Deepwater mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6206.

1835. Fucoides Germar and Kaulfuss, Acta Acad. 0. L. 0. Hat. Our., vol, xv, 2, p. 230 (pars).

1838. Schizopteris Brongn., Presl, in Sternberg; FI. d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fasc. 7-8, p. Ill (pars).

1858. Pachyphyllum Lesquereux, in H. D. Eogers: Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 8G3. 18G9. Bhacophyllum Scbiinper, Trait� pal. v�g., vol. i, p. G84.

1879. Ehaeophyllum liamulosum Lesquereux, Coal Flora. Atlas, p. 10, pi. Iviii, fig. 3; text, vol. i (1880), p. 321.

The type specimen, No. 9445 of the Lacoe collection, illustrated in the Coal Flora, is the only example of this curious species that I have seennbsp;from Missouri. In form it is somewhat suggestive of a Sphenopteris of thenbsp;group represented by S. patentissima Ett. This similarity is more apparentnbsp;in some specimens from Mazon Creek, Illinois.

The nervation is broad and dense, comparable to Aphlebia spinosa or A. crispa, to the former of which A. hamulosa is closely related, althoughnbsp;differing from that species, as was pointed out by Lesquereux, by the bifurcation of the branches, the recurvation of the divisions, and the slender,nbsp;long, acuminate points of the lacinese.

Locality.�Henry County, Missouri, No. 9445 of the Lacoe collection in the U. S. National Museum.

1879. Bhacophyllum spinosum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pi. Iviii, figs. 4, 5; text, vol. i (1880), p. 320.

1887. Bhacophyllum spinosum Kidstoii, Foss. FI. Radstock Ser., p. 309, pi. xx, fig. 3.

The main axes and branches of this species are characterized chiefly by the dense, fibrous structure, and the almost totally reduced lamina.nbsp;The divergent pinnate lateral branches are more regular than in mostnbsp;species of this group, and the ultimate lobules are rendered spinescent bynbsp;the thick traversing bands of parallel, fasciculate, vascular tissue. One ornbsp;two of the fragments indicate for this plant a large size, with a well-defined,nbsp;uniform, and rigid rachis.

The specimen from Radstock, England, figured by Kidston,^ although slightly more robust and less fibrous than the specimen from Missouri, seemsnbsp;to constitute another of the many forms in common between the flora atnbsp;present under consideration and that so excellently elaborated from thenbsp;Radstock series.

The fragments of this species, which is, next to Aphlebia Germari Zeill, the most frequent in the coals of this region, can easily be distinguished

from the otlier associated forms tlie narrow, i-eo-ularl rig-id, thick, hbrous divisions, ending in very slender tsphious

tigs. 1, 2; text (1888), p. 304. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' ^^^�ciennes, Atlas, pi. p,

1809. Schizopteris Lactuca Presl, von Eoehl, Foss. F] Steink nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;fig. 1.

xviii. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'^estphalens, p. 47, pi.

1869. Bhaoophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Sohimper, Trait� i.r.j �� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;fig- Hi.

(,.,c fig. 2, ��,ue pi. dvii, figs. 1, i); �v�,. ipAs nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;pi- xl^i. fig. I

1878. Bhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Andrews, Elem G quot;quot;l 1880. Bhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Lesouerenv n f di,�

1869. Bhacophyllum speciosissimum Schimper, Trait�, vol. 1 p lt;535 1885, Hawlea Miltoni (Brongn.) Stur, Fame d. Carbon Fl� � tad

xix, fig. 10? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' Hard, p. 299, pi.

The type of AphleUa, to which the marnes Fticoides crisnus Bl Lactuca, and B. speciocisshmmi were applied by Dutbier^ '

Schimper, respectively, is represented by sevei-aJ fiirl^' Roeid, and transmitted by Dr. Britts to the National Museum Alf f specimensnbsp;characters of the species, the best illustration of wh' I ^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^Tpical

von RoehU Von EoehPs figure is important not oidy for^jf fection of expression, but because of its representation^nbsp;between the basal and distal portions in the sain a n. r -T ? variationnbsp;Specimens from xMissoun, probably belonging to this s i �nbsp;among the manuscript material left by Professor Les �nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^oPnd

this genus in Henry County, on account of the thick, flexuous, fibrous divisions, which, althougli soruewhat deeply dissected, have a slightly twisted appearance, the ultimate lobules or lacinese being more or less fasciculatenbsp;and frequently approaching parallelism.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5548, 5549; Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5547; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5550.

1847. ScMzopteris Lactuca Presl, Germar, Verst. Steiuk. Wettin ii. L�bej�u, p. 44, pi. xviii,.flgs. la, l�; pi. xix, figs. 2,3.

1854. Pachyphyllum Lactuca (Presl) Lesquereux, Bost. Joarii. N. H., vol. vi, p. 422. 1858. Pachyphyllum Lactuca (Presl) Lesquereux, in Rogers; Geol. Pennsylvania, p. 863,nbsp;pi. viii, figs. 4, 5.

1869. Bhacophyllmn Lactuca (Presl) Scliimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 684, pi. xlvi, fig. 1 (non xlvii, figs. 1,2).

1880. Bhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. i, p. 315 (pars).

1889. Bhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 872, text fig.

1888. Aphlebia German Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 289, pi. xxxiv, figs. 1,1'.

The most abundant of the forms of Aphlebia found in the region about Clinton appears to be identical with that illustrated by Germar^ and includednbsp;by other authors as SeJmopteris or Bhacophyllum Lactuca Presl. On account,nbsp;however, of the identity of Presl�s species^ with Gutbier�s Fiicoides crispiis,^nbsp;first pointed out by Gutbier, the specific term Lactuca was no longer admissible. Accordingly, in 1888, when describing the Aphlebice from the Commentry Basin, Professor Zeiller� gave to the form published by Germar asnbsp;the species Lactuca, but which is now considered distinct from Gutbier�snbsp;F. crispus, the name Aphlebia Gerniari.

Both Schizopteris Lactuca, including the form illustrated by Germar, and Fucoides crispus were inscribed by Lesquereux� in the synonymy of Bhacophyllum Lactuca. Thus the Lacoe collection contains, under the last name,

' Verst. Steinkohl. Wettin u. L�bej�n, 1847, p. 44, pi. xviii, figs, la, 16; pi. xix, figs. 2, 3.

'^Aphlebia Lactuca Presl, in Sternberg: Versuebeiner Flora d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fasc. 7-8,1838, p. 11quot; �mutbier, Abdriicbe u. Versteinerungen, 1835, p. 13, pi. i, figs. 11, 11a.

iber of specimens identified by Professor Lesqiiereux, among wliicli qqqi aiid 9392 are of special interest, since they appear to

n.AiTi Missouri show considerable variation in the form The specimens nom mi��nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;, i 1 .

tabb'on account of its size and the rather broadly oval or slightly remai a.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;analogies of its lower divisions render it hardly proba-

W Tht the miex extended more than 10 or 12 cm. beyond the present line of ^ The principal lateral divisions in this robust specimen are hardlynbsp;fracture. ^ ^^^jitracted at the base as in some of the other fragments ornbsp;!h ' fine examples illustrated by Zeiller. A well-preserved and nearlynbsp;1 specimen, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, loaned by Dr. Britts, of

�, room for doubt a., to fho rel.atiou of the . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

1 have reierred to ApMebia Germari and the fiv o- nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;specimens

described and illustrated by Lesquereux^ as nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;fj om the same

The figure in the Coal Flora, the original of wliicli I to illustrate a much rougher plant, with rather more elnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;apjjears

and more distant branches, provided rather sparselv tl � nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;sfeiider,

bristles or hairs. It may be noted, however i),q nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;with short

the specimens, including a part of the lacinese of f] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�ome of

in PI XLVI, are sparsely bordered with small short nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;shown

which, though not so regular nor so long as those fifi-ured are apparently of the same character as those seennbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nora,

Ehode Mund refen-ed by Lozqueraux to

theless, the latter specimens are considerably more slend nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Aever-

Lesquereux�s identification of our specimens whh � nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;while Professor

- V. u. , t. wv nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;show� Pit... r

inentry specim nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;room for doubt as to the relation of the specimens

which I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;illustrated by Lesquereux^ as lihacopkvllum 7raVo..d.....

The speci ��,og�icuously fibrous texture, the less flexuous divisions, A. crispa by the less

1858. Pachyphyllmn liirsnhm Lesquereux, in Eogers: Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 863, pl. viii, fig. 3.

1879. Bhacophyllum Mrsutum (Lx.) Schimp., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, pl. Ivii, flg. 2; text, vol. i, (1880), p. 318.

1889. Bhacophyllum Mrsutum (Lx.) Schimp., Lesley, Biet. Poss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 871, text flg.

Among the collections from Missonri now in the National Museum or the Geological Survey, I have seen no example that, seems satisfactorilynbsp;referable to this species, which has thus far, I believe, been known fromnbsp;this region only by the fragment illustrated in fig. 2, pl. Ivii, of the Coalnbsp;Flora. The differences in the proportionate length, flexuosity, mode ofnbsp;division, and width of the ultimate divisions between the figure abovenbsp;referred to and the original type figured^ from a high coal in the southernnbsp;anthracite field in Pennsylvania are somewhat striking, and, notwithstanding the known variations within the same frond in this genus, may, itnbsp;seems to me, reasonably be considered as of at least varietal importance.nbsp;In my remarks on ApJilebia Germari 1 have referred to occasional smaller,nbsp;sparse, spicule-like bristles found in portions of some of the specimens ofnbsp;that species. It is not improbable that some form of villosity may havenbsp;existed in several of our species of Aphlehia.

PacJiyphylhmi affine Lx.,^ inscribed by Lesquereux� in the synonymy of Bliacliopliyllum hirstitum, appears by its more slender falcate, acute lobules,nbsp;traversed by a distinct central strand, to be more harmoniously referable tonbsp;the Pacliyphyllum fimhriaUim of the same author,^

Many paleobotanists, including Geinitz,� Schimper,� Lesquereux,� and Kidston,� have agreed in referring the specimens published by Gutbier as

�Foss. Flora Radstock Series: Trans. Roy. Soo. Edinh., vol. xxxiii, 1887, p. 388.

Frond pinnate, lanceolate (I) or linear-lanceolate (?), membranaceous, racliis bi�oad, rigid, densely but unevenly and finely striate, and borderednbsp;by a decurrent lamina; lateral divisions oblique, alternate or subopposite,nbsp;lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute f?) at the apex, somewhat consti-ictednbsp;at the strongly decurrent base, pinnatifid; lobules or ultimate divisions verynbsp;oblique, alternate, lanceolate, obtuse, more or less distinctly outwardnbsp;curved, connate for some distance above the decurrent base^ each lobulenbsp;traversed by a strong, clear, flat nervil; lamina membranaceous, transparent, uniting the lobules in the lower portions and decurring with narrow,nbsp;very acute sinuses to form a narrow border along the main (1) rachis;nbsp;nervils alternate, a single one passing strong to the apex of each lobe, morenbsp;or less distinctly dilated in the middle portion, sometimes in the upper partnbsp;also, and curving in and decurring near the base so as to join the lateralnbsp;rachises at a very broad angle; lateral rachises strong and flat, broadest innbsp;the curve at the base of the pinna, and narrowing in the long descent beforenbsp;joining the main rachis.

The specimen. No. 9599 of the Lacoe collection, on which I have ventured to found this species came from the vicinity of Clinton, Henrynbsp;County, Missouri, and was identified by Professor Lesquereux as BJiaco-phjllum menibranaceum Lx. A comparison made with the types of thatnbsp;species^ shows, however, not very much in common except the delicatelynbsp;membranaceous lamina. It differs from the latter species by the well-defined axis in both the main and lateral divisions; the arrangement of thenbsp;pinnm, constricted at the base; the regularly alternate lobules, which curvenbsp;outward, and are more deeply dissected and obtuse, and the broad, muchnbsp;stronger, flat nervation, which is simpler and not flabellate.

The salient features of our specimen. Fig. 7, PI. XLVII, are the general formi of the frond and arrangement of the pinnm, very similar tonbsp;those illustrated by Schimper^ from the type oi. Bhacophyllmn Goldenbergii

' Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 312, pi. Iviii, figs. 1,2. '^Trait�, pi. xlvi, fig. 2, vol. i, p. 686.

Weiss, from Saarbruck, and especially to those so admirably delineated by Kidston from the specimen from the Radstock coal field.^ In fact, so farnbsp;1nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;crgt;pri�men from Missouri agree with the example from Pucklechurch

tl at the differences may almost be accounted tor as coming within the mod-�fications of different portions of the same plant or as individual variation. Tie American, like the British, specimen is membranaceous; the lateralnbsp;are similar in form and position, connate and very decurrent; thenbsp;i*^bules oblique, alternate, connate, decurrent, each being traversed by anbsp;1 distinct nerve; the midribs of the pinnae, too, are curved near thenbsp;and pass down a long distance before joining the main rachis. It isnbsp;^^^b ble also that the lower lobules may become bifid. But our fragment,

� p seems to correspond in size, position, and development with the ^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� both from the Radstock field and from Saarbruck, differs, as will

specimens^^^ illustrations, from that figured by Kidston by the much be seennbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nerves and midribs of the lateral pinnae, the obtuse lobules,

-e considerably larger and recurved, while none of them are yet ^ quot; d the more narrowly acute sinuses at the bases of the pinnae,nbsp;bifid, annbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;differences between the British and the American i)lants

greatei nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ffaiid, the points of difference between the fragment from

nd that from Saarbruck, to which Weiss gave the name of Missouii^an^^^^^^^^^^^__^ obvious from a comparison of the figure given

does uot e nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;lamina in which either the nervation is not very clear

s oi A2MeUa, even in different portions of the same individual, ill thenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;jue to be proper to record our specimen in the same

to it a new name, although the British specimen, which is in some respects intermediate between it and the German type, is perhaps not more thannbsp;varietally different.

The distinction between Aphlebia subgoldenbergii and A. membranacea, the only species with which it might be compared, has already been noted.

Locality.�Clinton, Heiu�)^ County, Missouri, No. 9599 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.

1879. RhacophyUtim mcmhranaoeum Lesquereux, Coal I?lora, Atlas, p. 10, pi. Iviii, figs.

The species described as Bhacophyllum membranaceum by Lesquereux is, as was remarked by its author,^ somewhat unique among the formsnbsp;included in that genus. The originals^ of the figures published in the Coalnbsp;Flora show an extremely delicate, transparent lamina, traversed by thenbsp;distinct, rather broad brown lines of the nervation. The nerves, which arenbsp;of varying width, are in some cases slightly fasciculate, one nervil passingnbsp;to the apex of each very oblique, acute lobule. One of the fragments ofnbsp;this species recently obtained has a portion of the lateral divisions brokennbsp;away, so that the effect is very similar to the type Bhacophylhim truncatumnbsp;from the Upper Devonian of the Susquehanna Narrows, above Pittston,nbsp;Pennsylvania.

Aphlebia membranacea is easily distinguished by its extremely delicate texture and relatively slender nerves from all the associated species exceptnbsp;A. subgoldenbergii, which is much more Sphenopteroid, the lobules beingnbsp;regularly pinnate and recurved and the nerves comparatively stronger.

Localities.�Henry County, Missouri, Nos. 9465 and 9466 of the Lacoe �collection, �. S. Nat. Mus.; Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5583.

One among the fragments of Aphlebia from Missouri deserves special mention. This specimen, a rather unsatisfactory photograph of which isnbsp;seen in Fig. 1, PL XLV, comprises a segment of a rather coarsely and

' Coal Flora, vol. i, p, 313. '^Nos, 9465 and 9466 of the Lacoe collection, IT. S. Nat. Mrquot;

appaien^ gpecimen seems, on the whole, to represent a segment of a large �1 � ns belonging to one of the scabrous Pecopterids, which is rathernbsp;�ntli very large, ovate or oval, semi-membranaceous scales,

among nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TTnti'�T Vlii fliti eoTYifi ci� that of the

alternate or subopposite, open, linear-lanceolate, somewhat contracted at the base, close or slightly overlapping, provided with tertiary pinnae below, jjin-natifid near the apex; ultimate pinnae subopposite, subalternate or alternate,nbsp;close, rarely touching, very open, linear-lanceolate, very long, usuallynbsp;sliglitly narrowed at the base, the sides nearly parallel in the middlenbsp;portion, tapering gradually to an acute apex, 1.5 to 20 cm. or more innbsp;length, .5 to 3 cm. in width, becoming connate at the base by a narrownbsp;decurrent lamina and succeeded by diminishing pinnatifid pinnules in passing upward; pinnules subopposite, subalternate or alternate, very open,nbsp;seldom touching, irregular in angle and length on the same pinna, 3 tonbsp;18 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, but very little if at all contracted nearnbsp;the base, the sides nearly parallel, obtusely rounded or round at the apex,nbsp;the upper surface strongly convex and bordered often by a marginal shallow canal or gutter; lamina thick, dull, and always uniting the pinnules atnbsp;the base, the sinus being rounded, and sliglitly decurrent only between thenbsp;largest pinnules; midrib strong, hardly decurrent, deeply depressed on thenbsp;upper side, broad and striate beneath, and terminating abruptly at a distance from the apex nearly equal to the average width of the lateral lamina;nbsp;nerves few, very distant, often obscure on the upper surface, more distinctnbsp;beneath, originating from both rachis and midrib, nearly straight or archingnbsp;slightly in the larger pinnules, oblique in the smaller pinnules, simple ornbsp;sometimes forking at or near the base, rarely forking above the middle, andnbsp;passing nearly at a right angle to the margin, where they number aboutnbsp;30 to the centimeter.

A typical example of the mature portions of this well-marked and characteristic species in the fossil flora of Missouri is illustrated by Professornbsp;Lesquereux in fig. 1, pi. xxxi, of the Coal Flora. As there shown, thenbsp;irregular character of the open, parallel-sided connate pinnules, with thenbsp;very distant nerves springing from the disproportionately thick midribs, isnbsp;well brought out.

As remarked in the original description, the nerves of the thick pinnules sometimes appear more numerous than they really are. Frequently thenbsp;flattened border is not distinct, though it often is so developed as to formnbsp;a shallow gutter or canal about the margin of the pinnule, as seen fromnbsp;above, or a marginal band as it appears from below. The midrib, which isnbsp;hardly decurrent, is strong!}' depressed above, broad, and conspicuously

cially the basal pair, conspicuous for their irre^ r nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;fo^�^^i� espe-

they are near together but not toucliing the di!/^'^''''T nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^suallv

about 1 mm., the borders nearly parallel 'the ' between them bein'o-When first studying this species I was nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^�ounded.

the pinnules, midribs, and nervation between^ xxxi of the Coal Flora on the one hand, and ho^\ r ^nbsp;the other hand, the nervation of the former in nnS'

more oblique, the nervils often forking a second time quot;h nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;closer,

ditions somewhat contradictory to the relations usimU ^ ^�^^�tituting con-mature and immature specimens. On subse nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^ existing between the

these types were Pecojiterid�the specimens belon!�^^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;iiervation

border, where they are fully as much closer thin thos ^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^�eaching the

teris amhigua as they appeal- in a comparison of fiolT^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^letliop,

in the Coal Flora. The midribs of fig. 3 of this^'*quot; ]. been somewhat exaggerated by tlie draftsman bld/^^nbsp;abruptness of termination.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^ fo and as to

PI XXXVII, o. Pi,., PI XU.

as the mature pinnae. The nerves are mostly simple, never forking more than once, nearly straight, and very open and distant, the midrib thick, andnbsp;the pinnules very irregular, all trie diagnostic features being those characteristic of the ordinary pinnae. On the back of the rock containing thenbsp;original of the tigure of Alethopteris Serlii Brongn., tig. 2, pi. xxix, of thenbsp;Coal Flora, there is a fine specimen of Alethopteris amhigua, so labeled bynbsp;Professor Lesquereux, containing the upper segment, about 18 cm. innbsp;length, of a primary pinna of the true form. Here we have the longnbsp;pinnae, like those on the left of the type of fig. 1, pi. xxxi, of the Coalnbsp;Flora, succeeded in passing- u^rward by pinnm of the character of our Fig.nbsp;3, PI. XXXVII, while at the top we have the long, slightly pinnatifid andnbsp;crenulate pinnules, like those in the lower right-hand pinnse of the figurenbsp;in the Coal Flora.

Another specimen, apparently belonging to this species, loaned by Dr. Britts, covers the surface of a slab 26 cm. long and 25 cm. wide. Innbsp;this we have a radiis 7 mm. wide, slightly flexuous, and giving off alternatingnbsp;compound pinme at intervals of 3-8 cm. on each side, some of these secondary pinme being shown in their entire length. The whole segment comesnbsp;apparently from some distance below the apex of a primary pinna. Unfortunately the specimen is somewhat shriveled throughout most of its extent.

That the ultimate pinnm of this species were often long and slender is shown by the fact that it is very difficult to obtain entire specimens,nbsp;although some incomplete fragments were found measuring 18 cm. or morenbsp;in length and less than 25 mm. in width.

One fragment which seems inseparable from this species presents in the appearance of its flattened border, as well as by its ensemble of characters, a striking resemblance to the figure oi Alethopteris Gibsoni Lx. givennbsp;in fig. 6, pi. xxviii, of the Coal Flora, and I am not at present sure that thenbsp;latter does not represent a specimen belonging more properly to our species.

Alethopjteris amhigua is easily distinguishable, by the characters recited above, from Alethopteris aquilina, which is, with the exception of Alethopterisnbsp;Gibsoni, probably the nearest related species of Alethopteris, and the onlynbsp;one with which it is likely to be confused.

Localities.�Common at Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3590, 5490; rare at Grilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3592, 5488; Deepwater,nbsp;�. S. Nat. Mus., 3591, 3593; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3634.

117

183/. PecopteriH Serlii Brongn., Liiu�ev iinl �Tut-fn^� ^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;P^- Jxxxv,

1840. Pecopteris Serlii Brongn., Jackson Be/V f�� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Flora, vol. iii, j)i. ccii.

1840. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., l'esLernacl.er' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;P^- ^xi, figs. 6, 7.

p. 380, pl. XXXV, flg. aa. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� Jour. Bost. Soc. X. H., vol. v,

tucky, Atlas, pl. i, fig, 3 (plate not publSfiedT'quot;� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;��rv. Ken-

Ph8te�5, p. 76, pi. �gr. pr��-� '*�lt;�� fgt;. S.eint�bte�f, Wort-

pl.Iii,flgs.2a,2�; text (1880), p. I8I. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^eogn.. Pal., Atlas,

1878, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepj)., Zeiller V�a- .nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

pl.clxiii, figs. 1,25 text (1879), p. 75 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fr., Atlas,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alethopteris SeHH (Brongn.) Goepp.,' Lesqnere.ix. Ooal Flor. 4r7

XXIX, figs. 1-5; text, vol. I (1880), p 170 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;P- lt;h pl.

1881. Aleaopjeris Serlii iBrougu.) Goepp., Weiss, Ans d. Fl. d. Steinkohl., p. 1.5, p,

31,32. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'�quot;^'��^�quot;�lt;^�^'�kol.]en,p.i89,pl.i,fig,.

1879. Alethopiteris lonchitica (Schloth) Brons-n Sr.7gt;; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� '�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;?� ^09.

Tlie general phase of the Henry County, Missouri, specimens of Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., is already familiar to paleontologistsnbsp;through tigs. 2 and 4 given by Lesquereux on pi. xxix of the Coalnbsp;Flora. Of the many fragments in the recent collections one, probablynbsp;belonging to a primary pinna, shows a segment of a rachis 11 mm. wide,nbsp;slightly flexuous, with a moderately thick striated covering of coaly matter,nbsp;revealing, where the caihonaceous residue is removed, distinct impressionsnbsp;of spines or spinous scales of considerable size passing from the back of thenbsp;rachis into tlie matrix. The midrib is irregularly striate in the larger pinnules. The lower pinnae are pinnatifid, even developing as tertiary piimae,nbsp;all of the bi�oad, blunt-pointed form referred to above and common in ournbsp;lower coals of both the anthracite and the bituminous series.

Although the normal form of the Alethopteris Serlii is frequent among the fossils from this region of Missouri, the greater number of the specimens, especially from one of the localities, which should be included undernbsp;that name quite uniformly present an aspect or phase more or less distinctnbsp;from any form I have yet met in the literature or in other collections.

ddie normal form occurs more commonly in a fine-grained reddish-gray shale from Owen�s coal bank; and the specimens figui�ed by Professor Lesquereux have every appearance of coming from the same stratum ifnbsp;not from the same place. The other fonn is found, with the exception ofnbsp;the ferruginous concretions from Gilkerson�s Ford, in a rather coarse, darknbsp;dove or ash-colored shale having a slight tendency to check with a con-choidal fracture in drying.

Commonest among these specimens are large numbers of long second-ary (I) pinnae strewn about on the shales, somewhat overlapping when parallel, and clothed generally for their entire length with long simple,nbsp;rather distant pinnules averaging 2 mm. apart, though frequently exceedingnbsp;4 mm., always joined at an acute angle by the decurrent lamina, and generally largest above the middle, and terminating in a more or less obtuselynbsp;acute point. The aspect presented is much like that indicated in Ettings-hausen�s fig. 4, Alethopteris Sternhergii Goepp., on pi. xviii of the Flora of

Radnitz. A striking feature is the rarity of small pinnate pinnm of tlm portions common in A. Serlii, but very few of such smAl � u � ^nbsp;though the collection contains three large slabs renresentiTrnbsp;primary (?) pinnm with rachises as wide as 16 mm. providednbsp;with �leader secondary pinna, bearing pinnulLs comparaWe in ^'�0^nbsp;sions to the figure to whmh reference has just been made, or to tho e'nbsp;replacing the pmnatifid divisions at the tips of ninnm of . ...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Frequently there is no contraction toward the bases of tb. � i and often, eapeeially in the largett, eo.neti^e,, exceeding 4 cm ini X ,!dnbsp;measuring 5 to 7 mm. in width, the borders are fnlrllnl �nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

the pinnules to appear to taper to an acute point Sever 7 Missouri labeled Alethopteris lonchitica I have found b.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;from

from the border, to belong to the form in que^Z comprise the only specimens from this region that lean find T n�nbsp;to have been referred to the latter species.

As in other species of Alethopteris, where well preserved, the veins mav be seen to spring from a raised threadlike irreg-ular line iv..nbsp;center of the canal along the upper surface of the midrib Tlnbsp;coarse, in relief on the rather coriaceous lamina, and �passnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;VT

straight, to the border In the largest pinnules the midrib ilso�is seen to7 punctate, while the nervation becomes rather more distant, countinc 28 m 7quot;nbsp;per centimeter at the margin, its characters remaining otherwi.. Gnbsp;The general aspect of the plant, as seen in Fig. fi PI XT TT �nbsp;the illustration of A. Serlii, given by Zeiller in kr V 1 �

The varietal distinction of this Missouri form which T l n . might be of etatigmphic utility, must be .egarded is tentative.��H.u'�lCnbsp;of Its sm-v.val 0. el.mmat.ou dependiug �u tl.e results of furtl.er LdvZ

material from other portions of the American Carboniferous TT pliase should at least be illustrated in our American literature.

Fronds tripinnate, qnadripinnatifld or quadripinnate near Ihc n spreading; mam raclns reaching a widtli of 45 mm or more both n a �nbsp;rather coarsely striate, and thinly set, esjiecially on the dorsal rfnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;divisions

tinct short spines or spinous scales; i.ritm.ry pi,�ue very lonV �... nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;i��

soniewh�it contracted at the base; secondary piuu� open, alternate, subopposite or opposite, oblique above, somewhat reflexed below, simple except near the base of thenbsp;largest primary pinnae, straight or slightly flexuous, sometimes slightly deeurrent, 3-6nbsp;cm. distant on the same side, more or less overlapping,linear-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, averaging about 2 cm. in length and 4.5-9 cm. in width where simplynbsp;pinnate, sometimes slightly contracted at the base and tapering to a rather oblong-lanceolate obtusely acute terminal pinnule; secondary rachis, like the midribs of thenbsp;pinnules, distinctly finely striate; pinnules normally open, nearly at right angles tonbsp;the rachis, more or less distant, rarely touching, linear-lanceolate, generally broadestnbsp;in the middle, obtusely acute at the apex, decurrent along the rachis with an acutenbsp;sinus, and always distinctly united by a decurrent lamina of considerable width, thenbsp;surface of the. pinnule somewhat convex, the borders frequently folded beneath; midrib large, usually slightly decurrent, often straight, deeply depressed, finely striate,nbsp;and iJassing nearly to the extreme apex; nervils quite coarse, salient, sometimes distinctly striate under the lens, springing at a generally wide angle from a line in thenbsp;center of the groove on the dorsal surface of the pinnule and curving rapidly, oftennbsp;passing nearly straight from the midrib and extending, almost directly parallel andnbsp;rather close, to the border, which they meet at a right angle, forking generally oncenbsp;close to the point of origin, the upper branch usually forking again, thougli oftennbsp;remaining simple, and numbering 28 to 42 per centimeter at the margin.

Localities.�Normal form at Owen�s coal bank, Mus. Reg. 3596; Henry County, Missouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5486. The variety is from Owen�s coalnbsp;bank, Mus. Reg. 3594, 5473, 5487.

Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. ttesell., vol. xxii, pp. 858, 876; Lesquereux, Goal Flora,

1879. Callipteridium membranaceum Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pi. xxvii, figs.

Frond tripinnate, rather lax, Aletliopteroid; secondar}' pinme linear-lanceolate or oval, acute or acuminate, alternate, open, reflexed below, a little distant; secondarj^ rachis strong-, broad, rather coarsely striate, thenbsp;rachises of the tertiary pinnge originating from a little within the border onnbsp;the ventral surface; tertiary or ultimate pinnae alternate, open, at a rightnbsp;angle to the rachis, or reflexed below, a little distant, not decurrent, linearnbsp;or linear-lanceolate, hardly constricted at the base, the sides parallel in thenbsp;middle and converging near the pinnatifid or crenulate apex, which is acute

the larger pinnae, obtuse in the smaller; ultimate rachis fairly stroim irregularly striate, rounded on the back, shallowly canaliculate on th�nbsp;upper surface, on which the pinnules are attached a little within the border-pinnules alternate, very open, usually close or nearly touching or shVhtlvnbsp;overlapping, but sometimes a little distant or appearing quit� distant onnbsp;account of the reflexed margins, irregular in position, sometimes curvino-upward, sometimes curving outward, somewhat polymorphous, oval or ovafnbsp;round, attached by the whole base and connate for a very short distan�enbsp;the sinus acute and slightly decurrent when young, or becoming oblon�nbsp;or oblong-lanceolate, the obtusely rounded apex often directed shVhtlvnbsp;upward, the base cut to the rachis and even constricted, both above andnbsp;be ow to a narrow attachment at the base of the pinnm; lamina thinnbsp;dul, often preserved brownish, somewhat depressed over the midrib archednbsp;slightly backward, sometimes to a considerable extent, at the maro-in-nervation generally rather distinct; midrib of moderate strength, depressednbsp;above, rounded below, only slightly, if at all, decurrent, usually orio5natiimnbsp;at a very open angle to the rachis and passing, strong, two-thirds or morenbsp;of the way up the pinnule; nervils thin, parallel, rather close in the oldernbsp;portions of the plant, originating at a rather open angle, forkino- once nearnbsp;the base in the pinnules of moderate size, or both branches forkino- ao-ain innbsp;the larger pinnules and arching but little in passing to the margin, which theynbsp;reach quite obliquely, tlie lower nervils springing directly from�the rachis^nbsp;The pinnules of this species, first described from Henry County arenbsp;somewhat polymorphous, those on the same pinna often showino- a considnbsp;erable degree of irregularity. An illustration of this feature h seen innbsp;Fig 4 PI. XXXyill, a photograph of the original of Professor Lesqul!nbsp;reiixs fig. 5, pi. xxvn, of the Coal Flora, now No. 3182 of the Lacoe cohecnbsp;tion. The lamina is dull and black, although rather thin, as is the casenbsp;also with No 3192 and No. 3187 of the same collection, both labeled CaUw

. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;7nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;species, oi wliose private col

lection they formerly were a part. So far as I have observed, the specimens are perhaps no oftener preserved brown or translucent than are the franbsp;ments, when somewhat macerated, of Pecopteris clintoni Lx. Even P vemnbsp;and P. pseudovestita are frequently macerated so as to present a sim�1nbsp;brown and membranaceous appearance, though some traces of the vihr'-r-'nbsp;are usually present.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

I very much regret being obliged to separate from CaUipteridium mem-branaceim one of the originals used by Professor Lesquereux in the description of this species. But the careful examination of the specimen (No. 3181 of the Lacoe collection), a part of which is given in fig. 4, on pi. xxvii, innbsp;the Coal Flora, shows clearly that we have to do with a Pecopteris, while anbsp;comparison of its details shows it to be referable to P. clintoni as figured innbsp;pi. xlii, fig. 3, of the atlas to the above-named work, although the nervationnbsp;is rather obscure. Similarly, the original of fig. 6 of the same plate agreesnbsp;well wdth many specimens labeled P. clintoni by the author of that species,nbsp;the villosity so prevalent in the latter species being equally wmll marked innbsp;portions of the original in question. The nervation, too, is plainly thatnbsp;of P. clintoni, seemingly, so far as concerns any rachial nerves, in contradiction to the published detail. The reference of this specimen to P. clintoninbsp;will not seem surprising after a comparison of fig. 6, on pi. xxvii, with fig.nbsp;4, on pi. xlii, of the Coal Flora, the latter representing one of the types of P.nbsp;clintoni. Similar examples of villous Pecopteroid forms, of the type of thenbsp;latter species, found in Nos. 3185 and 3191 labeled G. membranaceum andnbsp;in the same collection, are also to be placed with P. clintoni Lx.

The type of the restricted CaUipteridium membranaceum is that illustrated in Lesquereux�s fig. 2, a detail of which is shown on our Fig. 4a., PI. XX XVIII. The same characters, including those of the nervation, arenbsp;seen in No. 3192, referred by that author to this species, except that thenbsp;nervation is a little more open, being similar in this respect to that seen innbsp;Fig. 3, PI. XXXVIII, the enlarged detail of which is shown in Fig. 3a.

The specimens from Pitcher�s coal bank, seen in Figs. 1 and 2, PL XXXVIII, are doubtfully referable to this species. Their narrow, distant, obtuse pinnules suggest CaUipteridium incequale or C. grandini, to bothnbsp;of which our form is related, although the pinnules differ from both by thenbsp;more acute points and the more complete separation at the base. The distant and narrow appearance of the pinnules is due mostly to the reflexionnbsp;of the margin, which is consequently buried in the rock.

Localities.�The original types from Henry County, Missoml, wdthout precise locality, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3182, 3187; doubtfulnbsp;specimens from Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5591, 5603, 5604,nbsp;5625, 5691, 5807; typical fragments from Deepwatez�, TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 5592,nbsp;58101

1879. Cdllipteridiuni inwquale Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, pl. xxxiii, figs. 2-5 ; text (1880), vol. i, p. 1lt;gt;8.

A few fragments seem to agree in all respects with the corresponding portions of the species from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, described and illustrated by Professor Lesquereux hi the Coal Flora as CalUpteridmm incequale.nbsp;In size form, nervation, and an-angement of the pinnules, which have anbsp;tendency to opposition on the rachis, some of the specimens are close tonbsp;fig-- 2, of pf xxxiii, in the above-named work.

The specimens which I compare with this species, known only from Pennsylvania,^ are far from typical. My reason for the provisional referencenbsp;is their agreement with certain specimens found to have been assigned tonbsp;Callipteridium Mansfiddi by the author of the species.

The Missouri specimens are very close to others from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and from Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, which I am unable tonbsp;Separate from a compact dilated obtuse form of Alethoqiteris Serlii Brongn.nbsp;The nerves are rather straight and open for C. Mansfiddi, while the midribnbsp;is slender for A. Serlii.

1854. CaMipteris Sullivantii Lesqnerenx, Bost. Jonrii. X. H., vol. vi, no. 4, p. 423.

1858*. GalUpteris SidlivantU Lesquereux, Geol. Penns54vania, vol. ii, p. 8G6, pl. v, fig. 13.

1881. GalUpteris Sullivantii Lx., C. A. White, Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1880, p. 153, pl. ix, fig. 4.

1881 GalUpteris Sullivantii Lx., Calvin, Pop. Sci. Missouri, vol. xviii, p. 019, fig. 1.

1883 GalUpteris Sullivantii Lx., Ohamberlain, Geol. Wisconsin, vol. i, p. 216, fig. 67c. 1889* GalUpteris SuUivanti Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 108, text fig.nbsp;189l' GalUpteris Sullivantii Lx., Le Conte, Elements Geol., p. 363, fig. 472.

1870. Oallipteridium /SuUivcmti (Lx.) Weiss, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xxii, p. 876, pl. xxi, flgs. 1-3.

1880. Callipteridium Siillivantii (Lx.) Weiss, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 164. 1883. Oa�ipteridmni SuUivantn (Lx.) Weiss, Lesquereux, 13th Eept. Geol. Surv.nbsp;ludiaua, p. 210, pl. xii, flg. 1.

1889. Callipteridium Sullivanti (Lx.) Weiss, Miller, 17. Amer. Geol. Pal., p. 111, fig. 22. 1889. Callipteridium Sullivanti (Lx.) Weiss, Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol.nbsp;i, p. 107, text fig.

1899. Callipteridium SulUvantii (Lx.) Weiss, 1). White, 19tli Ann. Eept. TJ. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, !gt;. 501.

In the specimens that I liave seen of tins peculiar species the pinnules are generally rather less narrow, proportionately, near the base than innbsp;those figured in the early Pennsylvania and Illinois geological reports. Thenbsp;rachises and the midribs of the full-sized pinnules are both finely striated,nbsp;the midribs being very slender in the immature pinnules. None of thenbsp;examples before me show the midrib terminating very abruptly. Thenbsp;lateral nerves are fine, not very close, and occasionally they fork a thirdnbsp;time in arching to the margin.

As a rule the lowest pinnules at the base of pinnae of all orders ai�e contracted at the base so as to bear considerable resemblance to Neuropterisnbsp;in form as well as in nervation, thus conforming apparently to the reqxiisitenbsp;characters of the genus Neurodontopteris of Potonie.^ This similarity of thenbsp;two genera, seen in Figs. 1, 2, Pl. XLl, is still more marked in the specimennbsp;shown in Fig. 1, Pl. XXXIX, and in the Callipteridium neuropteroides Lx.,nbsp;illustrated in fig. 3, pl. xxvii, of the Coal Flora.

Our species exhibits, in habit and superficial appearance, a great similarity to the Danceites iEmersoni Lx., the apparently Marattiaceous fi�uiting of which seems to be quite in conformity with the supjmsed relation of thenbsp;Neuropteridem to the Marattiacece.

The Odontopteroid aspect of Callipteridium SulUvantii Lx., which led Weiss, in his studies of Odontopteris, to associate it with the latter, is wellnbsp;shown in a phase illustrated in Pl. XLI, Fig. 1, of two pinnse, belongingnbsp;apparently to a secondary rachis, which are in outline especially suggestivenbsp;of Odontopteris genuina Or �Fury, or 0. ohtusiloha Naum. The reference ofnbsp;the species by Weiss to Callipteridium was made apparently on accountnbsp;of the form and nervation of the upper pinnm. It seems as a whole to be

referable to the Neurodontopteris of Potoni�, which, as Sterzel remarks ^ is largely identical with the Mixoneura of Weiss. Without discussing thenbsp;relations of these two genera, it may be remarked that the genus Callipte-rklhini as now employed seems to include two quite different groupsnbsp;C. SulUvantn (Lx.) Weiss belongs to the Neurodontopteroid group, and isnbsp;probably entirely distinct from the later, Pecopteroid, group, some of thenbsp;representatives of which, including several fertile forms, are, in my opinion,nbsp;genetically bound to the closely resemblant forms of Vecopteris.

I have not seen any rachial pinnules intermediate to the pinnse, such as are characteristic of the genus according to Zeiller�s definition, althouo-finbsp;several fragments are present in which the pinna; are still alternately connected with tlie broad striated rachis.

The nervation and common form of the pinnules, which frequently overlap, are finely illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, PI. XXXIX, and in Weiss�snbsp;�Studi�n fiber Odontopteris.�^

Localities.�-Owen�s coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 3587, 3589; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3588, 5660, 5674; Gilkerson�s Ford, IT. S. Nat.

1822. Filicites sect. Odontopteris Brongniart, M�m, mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 234. 1826. Odontopteris Sternberg, Versucli, vol. i, tent., p. xxi.

1870. Odontopteris Weiss, Zeitsehr. deutsoh. geol. Gesell., vol. x.xii, p. 859 (pars).

1870. Xenopteris Weiss, Zeitclier. d. deutsch. geol. Gessell., vol. xxii, p. 86a.

1870. An Odontopteris Bradleyi Lesquereux, Eejit. Geol. Surv. Illinois vol iv 390 pi. viii, fig. 1?

The specimen illustrated in Fig. 2, PI. XLII, is an interesting example of the heteromorphous Neuropteroid or Odontopteroict fragments at presentnbsp;included among the American species of Odontopteris. As seen in thenbsp;figure, we have a broad, somewhat lax, striated axis, on the left of which is a

gt; Fl. Rothl. Oppenau; Mitth. Grossherzl Badensclieu Geol. Landesaiist., vol iil o jggg 283

�^Zeitschr. d. deutsch.geol. Gesell, volxxii, 1870, p.876, plxxi, ligs. 1-3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� �nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

segment of Neuropteroid limb, such as is not uncommon in Neuropteris or Odontopteris, sublobate at the top and succeeded by several obtusely pointednbsp;or obtuse, decun-ent, more or less ovate and obovate pinnules, extending upnbsp;to the lanceolate obtuse terminal. On the lower right are several ovate-triangular acute pinnules with broad decurrent attachments, the lower onesnbsp;auriculate, succeeded above by pinnules similar to those alternating on thenbsp;other side. The nerves are rather thick and fairly distinct, though thenbsp;lamina is moderately thick. The nervation of the large segment is close,nbsp;Neuropteroid, arching to meet the apex at a right angle. That of the othernbsp;pinnules is essentially flabellate and Odoiitopteroid, the nerves entering bynbsp;the whole width of the attachment of the pinnule and curving somewhatnbsp;toward the margin, where they turn slightly upward. A coarse strand,nbsp;passing from a little below the sinus on the upper side of the base of thenbsp;pinnule to the apex, supplies the nervils for the upper side of that ])innule.

Although this fragment appears undoubtedly to belong to the group of heteromorphous species represented typically in Odontopteris Wortheninbsp;Lx., 0. subcuneata Bunb., 0. cornuta Lx., 0. deformata Lx., and 0. Bradleyinbsp;Lx., its identity with any of them is questionable. The four of thesenbsp;species first named and 0. qffinis Lx. all inay, and do in some of thenbsp;examples identified by the author of those species, have large basal segments on one or both sides of the axis. But while strongly resemblingnbsp;especially the 0. Wortheni or 0. subcuneata Bunb. by the large basal lobenbsp;and the terminal poi�tions, the pinnules of these species are characteristicallynbsp;obtuse, the upper ones being obovate-cuneate; and in all examples exceptnbsp;a single individual (No. 384 of the Lacoe collection) from Mazon Creek,nbsp;Illinois, in the United States National Museum, identified by Professornbsp;Lesquereux as 0. Wortheni, the nervation is coarser and much more distantnbsp;than in our specimen.

Odontopteris Bradleyi Lx., with which the specimen is temporarily left, is an ambiguous species which was first described from a small fragmentnbsp;of a single pinnule. But one of the specimens in the Lacoe collectionnbsp;(No. 1256), examined and identified by Lesquereux prior to the publicationnbsp;of the Coal Flora, is a segment of a pinna in which the pinnules havenbsp;nearly the same characters as in our specimen, except that they are muchnbsp;more constricted at the base, with finer nervation, while the rachis is lessnbsp;lax. Nevertheless, no large basal lobes are present in this specimen. It

is quite possible that the fragment should be placed iu Odontopteris suhcimeata Bunb. Specimen No. 1256 comes from St. Clairsville, Ohionbsp;and is probably one of those mentioned in the description given in Coal

It is interesting to note in this connection that nearly all of the abo^-e-named species are more or less distinctlv hirsute, as is the condition of the specimen from Missouri, though the fine, short, bristle-like hairs are delicate and quite obscure, compressed upon the fleshy lamina of the }fiuuulesnbsp;The strongly Neuropteroid characters present in some of the specimensnbsp;placed by Lesquereux in Odontopteris Wortheni, 0. suhcuneata, and 0. affims,nbsp;together with the fact that the.se species have, so far as 1 can learn, verynbsp;rarely been reported fi-om beds in which one of the long-pinuuled speciesnbsp;of Neuropteris, such as N. Sche-mlizeri Hoffm., iV. decipkns Lx., or Tfi. hirsutanbsp;Lx., was not also present, afford a basis for the suspicion that these particular specimens, if not the entire species to which they are referred shouldnbsp;be regarded as anomalous or heteromorphous pinnaj and pinnules of thenbsp;genus Neuropteris. This suspicion is fostered by the great difficulty innbsp;some instances encountered in deciding as to which of the two genera certain specimens should be referred. For example, the fact that the pinnulesnbsp;of these species of Odontopteris from Ma2!(ui Ci'eek, Illinois, have a coarsernbsp;more distant nervation than tliose from othei� regions placed in the samenbsp;species, just as Neuropteris decipiens or N. fascictdata from Mazon Creeknbsp;differs from the forms of N. Sclieuchzeri in other localities, seems to indicatenbsp;a certain coordination or agreement in nervation between the species fromnbsp;the same locality placed in both genei-a. In many cases it would seem thatnbsp;neither the nervation of the large basal segments or lobes, when the latternbsp;are present, nor the presence of hairs affords a satisfactory criterion for a,

The definite systematic relationship of the Neuropterid group is still not wholly established. Although within the last few years a number of

the new evidence derived from the morpholog-io observations tends to confirm the intimate relations of tlie g-enus Neuropteris to Linopteris,^ Odontop-teris, and Callipteridimn, while the structure seems to confirm their inclusion among the synthetic forms with highly organized petioles having somenbsp;characters intermediate between the ferns and the cycads.

The opinion advanced by the late Director Stnr, that Neuropteris may belong to the Cycadese, is briefly reviewed by Seward- in his admirablenbsp;volume on the Mesozoic Cycads, without admission of the evidence on eithernbsp;side of the question as conclusive. It is true, as Seward points out, thatnbsp;the specimen regarded by Kidston^ as a fertile fragment of Neuropteris hete-rophylla Brongn. seems hardly to furnish all the characters for a satisfactorynbsp;conclusion. I have seen similar fruiting fragments from the Coal Measuresnbsp;of West Virginia with reduced pinnules, probably of an Adiantitoid type,nbsp;still attached. On the other hand, the oblong intemeural pits with slightlynbsp;raised borders, described by various authors as the fruit of this genus, arenbsp;now g'enerally admitted to be the work of fungi. They might be comparednbsp;with Hysterites, or even, as Stnr suggested, with the recent Phyllachora. If,nbsp;however, we accept Zeiller�s identification of certain fertile pinuse in thenbsp;Commentry flora as belonging with the stei�ile forms of Linopteris Schiitzeinbsp;(Roem.), the fruit of a typical species of Linopteris {Dictyopteris') bears anbsp;strong superficial resemblance to that of Pecopteris polymorpha, i. e., tonbsp;Scolecopteris. Neuropteris and Linopteris are among the most closely relatednbsp;of the artificial genera in the Paleozoic flora, the anastomosis of the nervesnbsp;constituting the only distinction between the latter and the gTonp represented by Neuropteris yigantea Stb.

In my earlier discussion of the relations of Tceniopteris missouriensis I urged the genetic relation of Neuropteris, Dictyopteris, Odontopteris, Callip-teridium, and the pinnate Tseniopterids from the same type as the Devoniannbsp;Megalopteris, designating this early ancestry as the �megalopteris stock.��nbsp;The superficial characters of certain material subsequently examined tendsnbsp;strongly to support this view. But at the same time 1 should expresslynbsp;state that the Megalopteris forms as yet discovered can not be so ancient as

* FI. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, 1888, p. 273, Atlas, pi. xxx, figs. 6-10; pi. xxxi, figs. 2-5. Bull. Geol Soc. Amer., vol. iv, 1893, pp. 119-132, pi. i.

has been supposed. My studies, during several years, of the floras of the Devonian and older Carboniferous, particularly the fossil plants of thenbsp;Pottsville series,^ reveal so close a relationship and so great a proportion ofnbsp;identical species at once in the latter series and in the �fern ledges� aboutnbsp;St. John, New Brunswick, the only locality of supposed Devonian age atnbsp;which Megalopteris has been found, as to leave no room for doubt as to thenbsp;Carboniferous age of the St. John plant beds. On the other hand, representatives of other characteristically Carboniferous genera so common innbsp;the beds at St. John, such as NeMropteris, Alethop)teris, Odontopteris, andnbsp;Pecopteris, which make the flora of that locality so unique and unparallelednbsp;among the floras of other Devonian localities, have never been discoverednbsp;at any other Devonian locality. Typical forms of Megalopteris have beennbsp;collected at a number of points in the Pottsville series of the Appalachiannbsp;trough from Tennessee northward. The exceedingly strong affinity of somenbsp;of these with the St. John type is but an illustration of the common character and intimate general relationship of the associated Pottsville floranbsp;and that at St. John, a relationship so close as not only to render it certainnbsp;that the latter is Carboniferous in age, but also indicate that it may well benbsp;late in the Lower Carboniferous, if not even coexistent with some of itsnbsp;Pottsville representatives. Megalopteris, while possibly less ancient thannbsp;certain of the early Callipteridioid Neuropteris species, may, nevertheless, benbsp;taken as an example of the archaic composite type of Neuro-Alethopteroidnbsp;fern life.

In connection with the subject of the genetic relationship of this group it may be remarked that Potoni�' has proposed to include the foi�ms withnbsp;mixed characters of Neuropteris and Odontopteris�i. e., those forms in whichnbsp;some Neuropteris pinnules are found on the same plant with a greater number of Odontopteris pinnules�in a distinct genus, Neurodontopgt;teris, which isnbsp;largely identical with the Mixoneura of Weiss. Still more recently SterzePnbsp;proposed the genus Neurocalliptexis for those Neuropteroid species in whichnbsp;the pinnules of the upper portions have the Callipteroid nervation predominating while the basal pinnules of the pinnae have the nervation of the truenbsp;Neuropteris.

3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FI. Rothl. Oppenau; Mitth. Grossherz. Badischeu Geol. Landesanst., vol. iii, 2,1895, p. 283

1847. S�europteris rarinervis Bunbiiry, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. iii, p. 425, pi. xxii, figs. 1, la-h.

1858. Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 859. 1863. Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Dawson, Can. Nat., vol. viii, p. 443.

1866. Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 428, pi. xxxiii, figs. 1-5; pi. xxxiv, figs. 1, la.

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, 2,

1871. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Dawson, Rept. Geol. Struct. Min. Res. P. B. I.,

1879. Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pi. xv, figs. 2-5; text, vol. i (1880), p. 109.

1881. Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1879-80, p. 152, pi. X, figs. 1, 2, 3.

1886. Neuropteris rarinervis Buiib., Zeiller, FI. foss. bouill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi.

1893. Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb., D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 85 (pi. V, figs. 7, O'?).

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris heterophylla Brongu., Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. houill.. Atlas, pi. clxiv,

This species, several fragments of which have been found in the collections, may be easily distinguished from Neuropteris missovriensis Lx. by the coarse, rather distant, arching veins forking at a wider angle, while the pinnules are rather more distant, longer jnoportionately, narrower, often with anbsp;slightly sinuous margin, and generally dilated somewhat at the base. Thenbsp;species is described at length in my report on the flora of the outlying coalnbsp;basins of Missouri.^ Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb. is possibly indistinguishable from Neuropteris coriacea Lx., with which the specimens in hand seemnbsp;to agree equally well.

Localities:�Idobhs's coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5475; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus , 5476.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris missouriensis Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 3, pi. vii, figs. 5-6,

1899. Neuropteris missouriensis Lx., D. White, 19th Aiiu. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 507.

Fronds bi- or tripinnate, dense, the divisions alternate, open at a riglit angle, or nearl}^ so, to the racliis, the rachis being broad and striate; pinnajnbsp;usually close, contiguous, or overlapping, sometimes slightly narrowed atnbsp;the base, the sides parallel in the middle, often somewhat rounded at thenbsp;tip; pinnules alternate, rather thin, open, the lateral ones ovate when small,nbsp;becoming oval and oblong, rounded at the top, close, usually slightly imbricated, nearly bilaterally syraTuetrical, slightly subfalcate, entire to the subterminal lobe, sessile by the base of the broad midrib, the sides nearlynbsp;equally rounded at the base; terminal pinnule large, very long in thenbsp;young pinnae, oblong-deltoid, oblong-ovate, or rarely deltoid-ovate, obtuselynbsp;rounded at the apex, with not more than one connate basal lobe; midribnbsp;distinct, broad, striate in the large pinnules, dissolving above the middle;nbsp;nerves distinct near the midrib, sometimes immersed in the lamina, originating at a narrow angle, forking at or near the base, often with three subsequent dichotomies at a narrow angle while arching gradually to meet thenbsp;margin nearly at a right angle, where they number 34 to 40 per centimeter.

This species, which is very nearly related to Neuropteris jiexuosa Stb. and N. vermmdaris Lx., is distinguished chiefly by its open pinme, thenbsp;oblong or oval rather thick pinnules, slightly imbricated, sessile, and nearlynbsp;equally rounded at the base, with the midrib distinct, the lateral nervesnbsp;distant and large near the midrib, forking several times in passing to thenbsp;border, which they meet obliquely. The illustration given in the Coalnbsp;Flora,^ as well as our Fig. 4, PI. XLII, well expresses the characteristicnbsp;form of the smaller pinnae and of the pinnules. The terminal pinnules ofnbsp;the longer pinum are, however, not always so oblong and obtusely rounded,nbsp;as is shown in Fig. 3, PI. XLV. The appearance of the larger pinnules isnbsp;illustrated in the same figure, or in Fig. 4, PI. XLI. The specimens innbsp;hand agree well with the type, kindly loaned for comparison by Dr. J. H.nbsp;Britts, as well as with other examples determined by Professor Lesquereuxnbsp;and now included in the Lacoe collection. The fact that Neuropteris mis-souriensis so much resembles N. flexmsa perhaps accounts for the inclusionnbsp;of the latter species in the list of the fossils of Missouri published by Mr.nbsp;Hambach.^ I have not seen any representative of the latter species fromnbsp;Henry County, the locality given by that author.

The fronds of Neuropteris missouriensis were evidently of considerable size, some of the fragments of attached rachis measuring as much as 9 mm.nbsp;in width. The large Cyclopterid leaves described as N. dilatata (L. amp; H.)nbsp;Lx., if they really belong to this genus, are probably rachial pinnules of N.nbsp;missouriensis. So far do they agree, however, in the essential superficialnbsp;features with those of similar form and dimensions placed by foreignnbsp;authors in the genus Boleropteris that a generic identification with the latternbsp;tends to affect the systematic status of the Neuropterid group.

Localities.�Abundant at Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5472, 5630, 5631; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5632; Deepwater, U. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus., 5474.

1879. Neuropteris fasciculata Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 5, pi. xxiv, figs. 5, 6; text, vol. i (1880), i). 93.

A single broad, ovate, acute pinnule in the collections appears to be identical with Neuropteris fasciculata Lx., as seen in specimens from Mazonnbsp;Creek, Illinois. It has inuch in common also with N. acuminata (Schloth.)nbsp;Brongn., both in nervation and in general form. There ference of the fragment to this species is merely tentative.

1826. Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffmann, in Keferstein: Teutschland, vol. iv, p. 157, pi. Iamp;, figs. 1amp;-4.

1830. Neuropteris SeJmichzeri Hoffm., Brongniart, Hist. v�g. toss., p. 230, pi. Ixiii, fig, 5.

1840. Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm., Jackson, Eept. Ceol. Agricult. Surv. Ebode Island, 1839, p. 288, pi. v, fig. 10.

1857. Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm., Kimball, FI. Appal. Coal Field, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 1.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm., Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm., Kidston, Foss. FI. Eadstock Ser., p. 356, pi,

1893. Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm., D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 98, p. 69.

PEENS�MEGALOPTEEIDB^.�]SrEUEOPTERIS.

1899. Neiiropteris Scheiichzeri Hofim., D. White, 19th Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Surv. pt. 3, p. 503.

1830. Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn., Hist. v�g. foss., p. 231, pl. ixiv, figs. 3, 4.

1869. N'eitropteris angustifolia Brongn., Geinitz, Dyas, vol. ii, p. 139, (pl. xxvii, tig. 9|).

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn., von Eoelil, Foss. Fl. Steinkohleuf. Westphalens,

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 3, pl. viii,

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, 13th Eept. Geol. Surv. Indiana,

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 734.

1889. Ifeuropteris angustifolia Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Boss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 451, text fig.

1832. Neuropteris cordataBxongTi.,JA\\d\(iY and Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. i, p. 119, p]. xli.

1847. Neuropteris cordata Brongn., Bunbury, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soo., vol. iii, p. 423, pl. xxi, figs. 1, la-b.

1865. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris cordata Brongn., Goeppert, Foss. Fl. Perm. Form., p. 100 (pl. xi,

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris cordata Brongn., Dawson, Acad. Geol., 3d ed., p. 446, fig. 1665.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris cordata Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 91 (pars).

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris cordata Brongn., Dawson, Geol. Hist. PL, p. 126, fig. 515.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris cordata Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 452,

1841. Neuropteris, Hitchcock, Geol. Massachusetts, vol. ii, p. 542, pl. xxi, fig. 1.

1847. Neuropteris cordata Brongn. var. angustifolia (Brongn.) Bunbury, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. iii, p- 424.

1866. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris cordata Brongn, var. angustifolia (Brongn.) Buiib., Dawson, Quart.

1854. Neuropteris hirsuta Lesquei�eux, Boston Jour. Hat. Hist., vol. vi, 4, p. 417.

1857. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Kentucky., vol. iii, pp. 434

1858. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 857, pl. iii fig. 6-

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 3, pl. viii, figs. 14 5 7

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lx., Fontaine and White, Permian Flora, p 47 pi yiii

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lx., C. A. White, Eept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1879-80 p 152

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lx., Le Conte, Geol., p. 365, fig. 473.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lx., Chamberlain, Geol. Wisconsin, vol. i, p. 216, fig. 676.

1889. Neuropteris hirsuta Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, j). 460-462, 16 text figs.

1857. NeAiropteris Bogersii Kimball (non Lx.), FI. Appal. Coal Field, p. 10, pi. i, fig. 1. 1884. Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn. var. hirsuta Lesquerenx, Coal Flora, vol. iii.nbsp;p. 885.

Few species among our Paleozoic ferns present a greater stratigraphic range than that familiar in American paleontologie literature under the namenbsp;Neuropteris hirsuta Lx. To the discussion of the identity of this species withnbsp;the N. angustifolia Brongn. and N. cordata, figured by Liudley and Hutton,nbsp;and its relations to other species given at length in my report on the flora ofnbsp;the outlying carboniferous basins of southwestern Missouri^ I have but littlenbsp;to add, and that is generally of a confirmative nature. �

Since the publication of those observations I have had the opportunity of closely examining, in the Lacoe collection, several hundred specimens,nbsp;mostly identified by Professor Lesquereux, and coming from nearly everynbsp;region of this country where Coal Measures ferns have been collected, andnbsp;after a painstaking comparison, side by side, of the specimens in Neuropterisnbsp;hirsuta and N. angustifolia, together with a few others labeled since thenbsp;publication of the Coal Flora, as N. Scheuchseri Hoffm., I am unable to findnbsp;any essential character that seems, to satisfactorily sustain a differentiationnbsp;of specific rank.

As may in many cases be observed in the lists published by localities, the species N. hirsuta and N. angustifolia are both, if either, generally reportednbsp;from the same localities. Usually I not only find both forms from the samenbsp;locality, but in several instances, probably the result of hasty determination,nbsp;counterparts have been found under the two names. During the comparisonnbsp;of details I have not been able to find any greater difference of nervationnbsp;between the pinnules of the two forms described as characteristic of the twonbsp;species than may frequently be found among the pinnules of species withnbsp;great vertical range, while the essential characters of basal auriculation,nbsp;attachment, and hirsuteness occur in both groups. In a series from thenbsp;Lower Productive Coal Measures (No. XIII) a gradation from the smaller,nbsp;more slender pinnules with acute tips to those of average size with morenbsp;rounded apices may usually be observed if the material is ample. In

short when dealing with specimens from the Lower Productive Coal Measures 'though when but a few specimens are in hand it is frequently possible to separate them into two groups according to a single character, such a division, when the series is large or a number of localities of closenbsp;Stratigraphic relation are represented, is usually difficult, if not whollynbsp;impossible.

Concernino- the name to be em])loyed for this species there is still slight uncertainty. Although the specimens from the United States agree wellnbsp;with material in the Lacoe collection from Cape Breton, Uova Scotia, andnbsp;the Bristol coal field in England, and are no doubt the same species, I amnbsp;not now fully assured that they are specifically identical with the morenbsp;triangular pinnules frotn the Valenciennes Basin, published by Professornbsp;Zeiller; and accordingly, if Zeiller�s form is certainly the same as that poorlynbsp;described and illustrated by Hoffman, it seems probable that the type, withnbsp;broader and more lingulate pinnules, might deserve an independent specificnbsp;desimiation, in which case Lesquereux�s name, N. hirsiita, would have priority The examination and publication of additional specimens fromnbsp;Hoffman�s locality is much to be desired.

With regard to variation in a species, Neuroptens Scheuchseri is one of the most interesting of American Paleozoic ferns. Ranging, as it does, fromnbsp;near the base of the Lower Productive Coal Measures, or Alleghany series,nbsp;to the highest plant beds of the �Permian� or Dunkard Creek series, itnbsp;presents a valuable illustration of the modification of a species found atnbsp;many horizons in a thick series of probably continuously deposited sediments.nbsp;So far as my observations have extended in collections from Americannbsp;localities and horizons, it may be noted that, in general, both in the anthracite and in the bituminous fields, the earliest representatives of the species,nbsp;in the lowest coals, are prevailingly smaller, narrower, and more triangularnbsp;and pointed, the hairs fine, short, and often invisible. A little higher, as,nbsp;for example, in the E or F veins, as numbered in the northern anthracitenbsp;field by the Pennsylvania geological survey, the narrow, acute formsnbsp;become rare and the proportion of broader, more obtuse pinnules increases,nbsp;the pinnules becoming large at the same time and more conspicuously hirsute while at the horizon of the Pittsburg coal and of the higher anthracitenbsp;coals the leaflets are mostly broad and lingulate, the hairs less plain; and

again, those pinnules from the Wayneshurg and Washington coals, in the so-called Permian, are almost exclusively broad, very large, rounded at thenbsp;top, more broadly auriculate at the base, distinctly and rather broadly pedicellate, while the hairs are usually ver}^ obscure, if not absent. Thus thenbsp;sequence from the earliest to the latest form, the series between two typesnbsp;that would if considered independently be properly regarded as distinctnbsp;species, is marked by so many intermediate or transitional phases that itnbsp;seems at present entirely impracticable to attempt to draw any lines of anbsp;specific grade. Yet the differences between the types prevailing at stagesnbsp;vertically distant are great enough to easily constitute varieties, if one doesnbsp;not attempt to carry the varietal distinction all the way through the intervening series. And since these phases or forms are more or less peculiar tonbsp;different portions of the vertical section, they possess a stratigraphic andnbsp;correlative value, and deseiwe, therefore, some reference term and definitivenbsp;distinction. Some system of nomenclature will be necessary if the unquestionable geologic utility of these phases are to be rendered available.

Accordingly, for the common early form that is characterized in general by its smaller size, narrow or triangular form, with small auricles squared on the quarter, the median nerve slender, the pedicel shoid and narrow, the hairs being delicate, often short or found with difficulty, I wouldnbsp;use, in a varietal sense, the name angustifoUa, which was applied by Les-quereux to most of the pinnules of this character from Henry County, Missouri. I think it not unlikely that this is the same foi�m to which Bunburynbsp;gave the name Neuropteris cordata Brongn. var. angustifoUa in the flora ofnbsp;Cape Breton, in which case the varietal designation should be creditednbsp;to him. This form or variety, illustration of which is given in Fig. 3,nbsp;PI. XLIl, and Fig. 4, PL XXXVII, is the common phase of Neuropterisnbsp;ScJieuchseri in the plant collections from Henry County, Missouri. I intendnbsp;at another time to more fully illustrate the variations of this species withinnbsp;the Carboniferous series of the Appalachian Basin.

Though N. Scheuchseri has not yet been reported from below the true Coal Measures, or Alleghany series, in the United States, it is not improbablenbsp;that representatives of it may yet be found in what has been described asnbsp;the �conglomerate series,� or, better, as the �Pottsville series,� or formation.

Localities.�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5468, 5633; Glilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5469.

1833. Cyclopteris Mlatata Lindley and Hutton [non (L. amp; H.) Stb.], Foss. Fl.,vol. �, pl. xci B.

1849 Nephropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Brongniart, Tableau d. gen., p. 10 (65). iSGb' Mvhropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Brongu., Scbimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 430.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dolerophyllum dilatatum (L. and H.) Scbimper, in Zittel; Haudb. Palmont., vol.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ifeuropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. i, p. 78.

1893. Neuropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Lx., D. White, Buil. IJ. S. Geol. Snrv., Xo. 98, p. 96.

The specific correlation of these large Cycloptericl pinnules is still uncertain. The nomenolatural confusion arising from determinations influenced by such characters as size, or distance of nerves along a broken edge,nbsp;or obscurity of nervation near the margin, is sliglitly increased by thenbsp;reference by some paleobotanists of these Cyclopterids to Dolerophyllum,nbsp;or Doleropteris, on the basis of a relation to a higher gymnospermic type.nbsp;Through the courtesy of Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri, I havenbsp;resented in PI. XLIII the specimen described by Professor Lesquerenxnbsp;hi tire Coal Flora, page 78, and again by myself with others from the zincnbsp;region of the same State ^ A good series of specimens was also gatherednbsp;by Mr Van Ingen from the same locality. These American specimens Inbsp;h^e carefully compared with material in the Lacoe collection from Lindleynbsp;and Hutton�s type locality, Felling Colliery, Newcastle, England, andnbsp;this comparison seems to confirm Professor Lesquereux�s identification.

The leaf substance, which is not particularly thick, shows the same intermediate fibers or ducts between the main nerves in the examples fromnbsp;both England and Missouri. These fibers, as we may for convenience termnbsp;them in the plant from the � outliers� in the zinc region, are present in allnbsp;the well-preserved specimens. In fact, the better the preservation of thenbsp;leaf the moi-e clearly the filaments may in general be seen, although theynbsp;are sometimes immersed in the parenchyma. The details given in Fig. la,nbsp;PI XLII, fail to do justice to the continuity or distinction of these filamentsnbsp;or ducts, though they sometimes seem to lack continuity, owing, apparently,nbsp;to a vertical undulation in the parenchyma of the limb. Fig. Qa, PI. XLI,

sliows the appearance of the filaments near the base of the leaf; Fig. la, PL XLII, represents the aspect between the same nerves nearer the mai�gin.nbsp;While these intermediate filaments are sometimes not so distinct at tlie basenbsp;of the leaf, their presence can usually be discerned in the region where thenbsp;main nerves are distant.

In the absence of a knowledge of the anatomical structure of our material any argument as to the systematic position of these Cyclopteridsnbsp;will lack conclusiveuess. A similar condition as to intervening filamentsnbsp;may, I believe, be less clearly seen on some of the other asymmetricalnbsp;auriculate Cyclopterids, with marginal attachments, which are probablynbsp;rachial pinnules of Neiiropteris^ and, whether they represent independentnbsp;vessels or only dissociated nerves, or even supposing them to be resinnbsp;vessels or some analogous structures, such a condition would not perhapsnbsp;be out of accord with the complicated and anomalous structure observednbsp;in some types of Paleozoic fern stems.

Doleropteris pseudopeltata, a large Cyclopteroid leaf regarded by its author. Grand �Eury,^ as a gymnosperm {Doleropkyllmi of Saporta^), agreesnbsp;in size, form, including the overlapping auricles, and even in the aspect ofnbsp;the nervation so closely with our species as to create the strongest suspicionnbsp;that both belong to the same genus. The only apparent important difference indicated in the description or figure is a more coriaceous texture innbsp;the French specimen. Moreover, the companion species, Cydopteris ohliquanbsp;Brongn. and C. orMcularis Brongn., have been referred to the gymnospermicnbsp;genus, while Schimper� and Schenk were disposed to believe that Cydopterisnbsp;dilatata L. and H. should also be referred to DoleropJiyllum.

M. Grand �Eury is of the opinion that the Pachjtesta of Brongniart, a type of fossil fruit probably represented by Bhabdocarpos Mansfieldi Lx. innbsp;this country, is the fruit of Doleropteris. The supposed male, pollen-bearing disks or leaf scales of the same plant, identified by the former asnbsp;Androstachys,*^ are no doubt of the same nature as the fossils described by

Dolerophyllum, made by Saporta the type of the Dolerophyllem, and placed by him, together with the Cordaitew, etc., in the group � Proangiosperms.� Saporta et Marion, �vol. rog. vi'^g.,nbsp;Phanerogames, vol. 1, 1885, p. 68.

A. eebennenjis Grand �Eury, op. cit., p. 307, pi. viii, figs. 2A, 2A'. � Appareil mille ou Androphylle des Dolerophyllfies,� Saporta, �vol. R�g. V�g., Phanerog., vol. i, p. 71, fig. 35.

Dawsoii' as BolerophyUum pennsylvanicum. Tliese, too, are Cyclopteroid, though smaller, thicker, and more fibrous than aii}^ of the other Cjmlop-terids. These fertile or polleniferous disks are now known from severalnbsp;localities in this country, and the fact that Cyclo2:)teroid s])ecimens of thenbsp;same nature as N. dilatata are present in the same beds justifies the anticipation that should s^jecimens showing the organization of the leaf be found,nbsp;these would j:)rove generically identical with the similar forms from thenbsp;Old World.

Localities.�Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5471; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5470, 5658, 5672.

1897. Dictyopteris sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, pp. 297, 300.

1899. Dictyopteris gilkersonensis D. White, 19th Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 510.

Pinnules open, rather distant, alternate, sessile by a narrow attachment to a slender striate rachis, 5 mm. to 2 cm. or more in length, 4 to 7 mm.nbsp;in width, oblong-ovate, tapering from near the base toward the round summit, nearly straight, hardly subfalcate, the base nearly equilateral, of rathernbsp;thick texture and sparsely jmnctate; midrib of moderate strength, iiTegularnbsp;above the middle; nerves very coarse, but few ju�irnary nerves, very oblique,nbsp;anastomosing near the bifurcations, touching the margin obliquely; areolesnbsp;comparatively few, very broad in pro|)ortion to the length, trapezoidal,nbsp;roundish at the distal end, very long and oblique near the midrib, andnbsp;becoming shorter and more rhomboidal near the margin.

The material from Gilkerson�s Ford contains many detached pinnules of a ��^Dictyopteris'�� which I at first thought might be a variety of one of thenbsp;species already described; but a comparison with the literature and specimens representing the described American species leaves little doubt as to

the distinction and validity of the form to which I have consequently given the above specific name.

The name Dictyopteris, for which Presl substituted Linopteris, should no longer be employed in the terminology of fossil ferns, since, as Potoni�nbsp;points out, the same name, which was earlier applied by Lamouroux (1809)nbsp;to a genus of living Algae, is still recognized in the family Dictyotacem

The essential characters of Linopteris gilkersonensis are the neaidy straight and rather small pinnules, the sides converging slightly or nearlynbsp;parallel, the apex rounded with almost bilateral symmetry; the coarsenessnbsp;of the nerves, the general direction of which is very oblique to the margin;nbsp;the relatively small number of the areoles, which are proportionately verynbsp;broad and consequently few in number, the inner angles being unusuallynbsp;open. It differs from the group represented by L. obliqua Bunb., L. sub-Brongniartii, or L. Brongniartii (Eichw.) by the straighter pinnules, thenbsp;coarse veins, and the relatively few and broad meshes. Although resembling in form and size some of the specimens figured by Kidston^ andnbsp;Zeiller^ as Bictyopteris M�nsteri Roem., the strong nervation, rigid andnbsp;open-angled nerves, with shorter meshes at the margin, make it impropernbsp;to associate the specimens in hand with that species.

1893. Tainiopteris missouriensis D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iv, p. 119, pi. i.

Fronds bipinnate (tripinnate?), th� larger divisions linear-lanceolate, acute, composed of pinnatifid pinnules near the base, above which are simplenbsp;pinnules; primary rachis broad, shining, marked by somewhat irregularnbsp;lines, and consisting of a thickened central portion, broadly but shallowlynbsp;canaliculate above, half round below, and of thinner marginal laminae; pinnules opposite, subopposite, or alteimate, slightly distant, at right angles ornbsp;reflexed below, becoming more oblique above, ribbonlike, gradually taper-

^ FI. loss, houill. Valeuoiennes, Atlas, 1886, pi. xliv, figs. 2, 2a/ see also figs. 1, 3,4,5.

ing from the lower part, with borders straight or slightl}^ undulate and nearly parallel, to a rather acute tip, long, sometimes reaching a length of 8nbsp;cm. or more, and measuring 6-13 mm. in width, the lower ones slightlynbsp;narrowed toward the cordate, nearly symmetrical base with its narrowednbsp;attachment which overlaps the marginal lamina of the rachis, the highernbsp;ones becoming attached by the whole base, those near the top of the pinneenbsp;becoming shorter, more distinctly decurrent and confluent, the marginsnbsp;more rapidly converging; limb of the pinnules rather thick, dull, broadlynbsp;canaliculate along the midrib, somewhat convex near the borders, overlapping the marginal laminm of the rachis, constricted to a rather narrownbsp;attachment in the lower and middle pinnules, spreading and uniting thosenbsp;near the apex of the pinnae, where it forms a wing incised by acute andnbsp;decurring angles at the confluence of the pinnules; nervation Tmniopteroid�nbsp;midrib strong, depressed, broad and striate beneath, broadly canaliculatenbsp;above, originating from the central portion of the rachis, passing alono- thenbsp;middle of the lamina and tapering to the apex of the pinnule; lateral nervesnbsp;rather fine salient above, distinct beneath, originating at an oblique or sometimes nearly a right angle from' a slender cordlike bundle often distinctlynbsp;in relief traversing the center of the canal, usually forking at or near thenbsp;midrib, rarely simple, curving quickly if oblique, and passing fairly straightnbsp;and generally parallel perpendicularljr to the border, usually forking againnbsp;at a varying distance in the lamina, and counting 24 to 28 per centimeternbsp;at the margin; basal nervils of the upper decTirrent pinnules springing fromnbsp;the rachis; those of the uppermost Alethopteroid pinnules rather morenbsp;oblique in passing to the margin.

Among the known Paleozoic plants are several species described as Danceites, Alethopteris, Tceniopteris, and Desmopteris which liave many charnbsp;acters in common with Tamiopteris ! missotiriensis. Of the American formsnbsp;Danceites {Alethopteris) macrophyUa Newh. sp , Alethopteris maxima Andr. thenbsp;types ranged under Orihogoniopteris and Drotohlechnum, and an unpublishednbsp;species of Callipteridium described by Lesquereux deserve comparisonnbsp;Newberry�s Alethopteris macrophytW the fully developed pinnules of whichnbsp;are somewhat similar to those of our specimens, is Alethopteroid in arrangement, only the lowest, so far as I liave observed, becoming contracted to

the obliquely cordate base. Besides its more delicate habit, it further differs by the obliquity of the narrowed bases of the distinct pinnules, the more slender upper, confluent pinnules, and the closer nervation. There isnbsp;perhaps no generic difFerence between the two plants. AletJiopteris maximanbsp;Andr.,^ as seen in a specimen from Rushville, Ohio, determined by Professornbsp;Lesquereux, is an Alethopterid, though the difference between it and Pro-toblechmim may not be of generic rank. At probably nearly the same stagenbsp;a form perhaps somewhat similar existed in the AletJiopteris ingens Daws.,^nbsp;the pinnules of which, more than 1 inch in width and 3 inches or more innbsp;length, have the Danmites nervation. The A. discrepans Daws.,� also fromnbsp;the beds of supposed Middle Devonian age, but undoubtedly, as shown bynbsp;the peculiar composition and distribution of the flora, belonging to thenbsp;Carboniferous, at St. John, New Brunswick, the long, ribbon-like, opennbsp;pinnules of which are united, however, by a narrow decurrent wing, shouldnbsp;also be taken into comparison. So far as the form and development of thenbsp;pinnules, and to some extent the nervation, are concerned, a closer resemblance obtains in the cases of PseudodancBopsis reticulata Font.,quot;* from thenbsp;Upper Trias at Clover Hill, Virginia, or the foi'ms of Tceniopteris M�nsterinbsp;Groepp. {Angiopteris, fide Schenk), from the Lias of Bornholm � The uppernbsp;pinnules of the Virginia species are united, as figured by Fontaine, whilenbsp;the lower ones are long, ribbonlike, and distinctly and nearly equallynbsp;rounded at the base, as in our plant from Missouri. Perhaps its nearestnbsp;affinity is, however, with the Tamiopteris jejunata of Grand �Eury,� fromnbsp;the Upper Carboniferous and Permian of Prance. In this species, of whichnbsp;the upper parts of the pinna3 are, I believe, unluiown, the pinnules arenbsp;sometimes short-pediceled, the lamina thin, and the nerves generally morenbsp;oblique near the midrib and more regular, as figured, in passing to thenbsp;margin than in our species.^ In form the Missouri species is also close to

�*Older Mes. FI., U. S. Geol. Surv. Monogr., vol. vi, xi- 59, pi. xxx, figs. 1-4.

�Bartholin: Botauisk Tidsskr., vol. xviii, hft. i, Kj^benhavn, 1892, jr. 23, pi. ix, fig. 9.

lt;*F1. carh. Loire, p. 121. Zeiller, FI. foss. Commentry, pt. 1, p. 280, Atl., pi. xxii, figs. 7-9. Zeiller, FI. foss, Antnn, �pinac, p. 162, pi. xii, fig. 6. Potonid, FI. Rotlil. Thiiringen, p. 145. pi. xvii,nbsp;fig. 3.

' The nervation seen in the figures of T. missouriensis is drawn with fidelity in detail from the originals.

certain species referred by Stur�- and Zeillerquot; to Desmopteris Stur which has a somewhat different nervation, though it appears to be allied to thenbsp;Alethopteroid group. It also bears a strong resemblance to Alethopterisnbsp;magna Grand �Eury.quot;* In the latter, liowever, the mode of division is morenbsp;irregular, the pinnules more heterornorphous and not so contracted at thenbsp;base, while the nervation is much more distinctly Alethopteroid.

My reference of the Missouri species to TcenioiAeris is provisional. The fern is in its habit, and to some extent its nervation, evidently closelynbsp;related to Alethopteris. As suggested above, it should perhaps be includednbsp;in the same genus with Danmtes (AlethoiAeris) macrophylla (Newb.) Lx.; butnbsp;from the character of the rachis, midrib, form of pinnules and the nervationnbsp;and from the observed development of the upper part of some of thenbsp;Tmniopteroid forms in the older Mesozoic and Carboniferous, I have beennbsp;led to place it among the Tceniopteridem-, and, notwithstanding the high degreenbsp;of its superficial identity with the Marattiaceous forms comparable in theirnbsp;fructification to Dancea or Angiopteris, it seems better, in default of allnbsp;knowledge of the fruiting of our species, to refer it to the genus Tceniopterisnbsp;the former resting place of many of the Mesozoic species, rather than tonbsp;the equivocal genus Lanceites. It is certainly ineligible to admission in thenbsp;Danmtes of Goeppert and Stur. The name Danmtes, in the sense in whichnbsp;it is employed by Heer and Schimper, should, if used at all, perhaps benbsp;ap23lied to those species only of which either the fruiting is known or thenbsp;generic identity with other contemporaneous fruiting species is by othernbsp;evidence satisfactorily proved, leaving their apparent representatives fromnbsp;the Paleozoic, the fruiting of which is not known, in the convenient andnbsp;noncommittal genus Tmiiopter\s, without presu])posing any direct o-eueticnbsp;relation to any pai-ticular fruiting genus

The broader application by European paleobotanists of the name Tmniopteris to pinnate forms with narrower leaves, as well as the resemblance, in many respects, of our plant to the Tainiopteris jejunata, has furthernbsp;influenced me in placing this form, which has so close an affinity withnbsp;Alethopteris, in the above-named genus. Perhaps it belongs more jn-operlynbsp;in Alethopteris.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Carbon.-Fl. Schatzlarer Sch., vol. i; see D. helgica Stur, p. 181, pi. lii, figs, 7-9.

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FI. Foss, houill. Valenciennes, p. 216, pi. xxxviii, figs. 3-5. See Ettingshansen, FI, Railnitznbsp;p. 40, pi. xvi, figs. 2-4.

The relationship of Taeniopteris missouriensis and of other supposed Paleozoic representatives of the Marattiacese was considered somewhat innbsp;full by me in a special publication on the subject.^

Localities.�Hobbs�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5556-5560, 5568. Also one specimen from Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5591.

EQUISETALES.

OALAMARIE^.

Acta Acad. Theod. Palat., vol. v, p. 357. Schlotheim, Petrefactenkunde, 1820, p. 398.

The brilliant results obtained in late years by the English, French, and Geiman investigators of the internal structure of the Calamarian types havenbsp;thrown great light on the relations of this class of vegetable remains.

While at first it seemed that the study of the anatomical features of this group would lead to its division into several sections of generic, or at leastnbsp;subgeneric rank, some of these sections being referred to orders far apart innbsp;the vegetable world, the widespread interest and increased attention to thenbsp;subject consequent upon the earlier developments tend latterly to show thenbsp;relative unity of the Calamarian group, though it is chai'acterized withinnbsp;itself by remarkable diversity and complexity, such as have renderednbsp;enigmatic so many of the Paleozoic types.

From large stems with thin walls like Calamites Smkowii or G. ramosus, whose superficial structure is interpreted ^ as indicating a close relation tonbsp;the recent JSquiseta, there seems to be a progression to the thick, complexnbsp;walled species with well-developed secondary woody growth of the Calamo-dendron or Arthropitus types.

Of great interest in this connection are the observations and conclusions of Mr. Cormack ^ who has found in Equisetimi maximum that the older nodes possess much more highly developed woody structure than the youngnbsp;nodes, with new radially disposed elements and what seem to be Gambia!nbsp;cells between the bark and the wood. From a comparison of the structurenbsp;of the recent plant with that of Calamodendron it would appear that the

' Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iv, 1893, p. 119 et seq. ^Saporta, R�vue g�n. bot., vol. i, p. 584.

difference between the modern Equisetum and the Paleozoic type is largely a matter of degree rather than fundamental.

Quite in accord with this conclusion are the observations of Mr. Thomas Hick, who finds in Calamostachys Binneyana an axial structure agreeing innbsp;its details with the ArtJiropitm type, while the sporangiophores are dilatednbsp;at the summit to form a shield, much as in Eqiiisetum, with the anatomicalnbsp;characters of which the fossil has much that is in common or similar.^

The relation of some Annularian forms to the Bquiseta and Galamites will be mentioned in connection with the Annularice.

Catamites ramosus Artis, Bronguiart, Hist. v�g. toss., p. 127, pi. xvii, flg. 5 (non 6).

Galamites ramosus Artis, Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. liouill. Belg., pi. ix, fig. 2; 1)1. X, figs. 1, 2.

Galamites ramosus Artis, Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 1, pi. i, fig. 2; text, vol. i (1880), ]). 22.

Galamites ramosus Artis, Benault, Goars, bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 163, pi. xxiv, figs. 8, 9.

Galamites ramosus Artis, Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. iii, p. 702, pi. xcii, figs. 1-4.

Catamites ramosus Artis, Zeiller, FI. foss. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. Iv, fig. 3; pi. Ivi, fig. 3; text (1888), p. 345.

Catamites ramosus Artis, Stur, Gal. Scbatzlar. Scb., p. 96, pi. xii, figs. 1-6; pi. xii*; pi. xiii, figs. 1-9; pi. xiv, figs. 3-5; text figs. 1, 2, 28, 29, 31, 32.

Catamites communis Ettingsbausen (pars), Beitr. FI, Vorw., p. 73 (ex partesyn.).

Galamites [Eucalaniites) ramosus Artis, Weiss, Steink.-Gal., vol. ii, p. 98, pi. ii, fig. 3; pi. v, figs. 1, 2; pi. vi; pi. vii, figs. 1, 2; pi. viii, figs. 1, 2, 4; pi. ix, fig.nbsp;1; pi. X, fig. 1; pi. XX, figs. 1, 2.

Catamites [Eucalamites) ramosus Artis, D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 98, p. 17.

Eucalamites {Catamites) ramosus (Artis) Kidston, Foss. FI. Eadstock Ser., p. 341.

Eucalaniites {Catamites) ramosus (Artis) Kidston, Foss. PI. Eaveubead coll., p. 400.

FOLIAOE AND FEUCTIFIOATION: See Aunularia ramosa Weiss {Calamostachys ramosa Weiss).

' Proc. Yorksh. Geol. Polytech. Soe., toI. xii, 1893, pt. iv, pp. 279-293, pis xiv-xv MON XXXVII-10

But little appears to have been added to our knowledge of this interesting and relatively well-known species since the preparation of the review of its status in my report on the flora of the outlying Carboniferous basinsnbsp;of southwestern Missouri.^

Both stems and branches {Annularia ramosd) of this species are not rare in the collections. The examples from Owen�s bank and Deepwaternbsp;seem to present the genei'al characters of the species, though the branchnbsp;scars, of which there is one at nearly every node, are usually small, and arenbsp;occasionally accompanied by still smaller cicatrices at some of the joints.nbsp;The thin scale of carbonaceous matter shows the woody zone to havenbsp;been thin. The fluting, which appears less distinct on the outside of thenbsp;carbonaceous residue, is nearly obliterated from the cast of the pith in several greatly compressed specimens. It should be remarked that the ribs,nbsp;which are rather less sharply defined than usual in this species, are finelynbsp;striate throughout.

Localities.�Deepwater, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5421-, Owen�s bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5420; Gilkerson�s Foi�d, �. S. Nat. Mus., 6419.

1828. Galamites Suckowii Brongniart, Hist. v�g. foss., p. 124, pi. xiv, fig. 6; pi. x\ , figs. 1-6; pi. XVI.

1835. Calamites Suckowii Brongn., Broun, Lethina Geogn., vol. i, 2, p. 18, ])1. vi, figs. 1 a-b.

1835. Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Gutbier, Abdriicke, p. 17, pi. ii, figs. 1, 2, 1�.

1842. Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Kutorga, Beitr. Pal. Russl., p. 5, pi. ii, fig. 1.

1845. Galamites Suckowii Brongniart, in Murchison, Verneuil, and Keyserling: G�ol. d. 1. Russie, vol. ii, 3, p. 11, pi. n, figs, la, 16.

1848. Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. houill. Belgique, pi. iii, pi. iv, pi. xi, fig. 3.

1850. Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Mantell, Pictorial Atlas, p. 47, pi. vi, figs. 1, 2.

1855. Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Geinitz,Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 6, pi. xiii, figs. 1-3, 5, 6(?).

1869. Galamites Suckoioii Brongn., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 312 (excl. syn.) (pi. xviii,^ fig. 1 ?).

1869. Galamites Suckoioii Brongn., von Roehl, Foss. FI. Steink. Westphalens, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 6; pi. ii, fig. 2.

1871. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Weiss, Foss. Fl. Saar-Rh. Geb., p. 117, pi. xiii, fig. 5.

1872. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Suckowii Brongn., Balfour, Palseont. Bot., p. 57, fig. 45a.

1874. Calamites Sticlcouni Brougu., O. Feistmautel, Yerst. b�lim. Kobleiiabl., vol. i, p. 102, pl. ii, figs. 3, 4; pl. iii, figs. 1, 2; pl. iv, figs. 1, 2; pl. v, fig. 1.

1870. Calamites Suelcowii Brongii., Weiss, Steinkoblen-Cal., vol. i, p. 123, pl. xix, fig. 1.

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongii., Grand �Eury, El. carb. Loire, p. 14, pl. i, figs. 1-4.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suchoicii Brongn., Dawson, Acad. Geol., 3d ed., p. 442, fig. 163A, ,_j,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. bouill., p. 12, pl. clix, fig. 1,nbsp;1879. Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Heer, Urwelt Scliweiz, 2d ed., p. 15, fig. 17a.

1879. Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Eothx)letz, Abh. Schweiz, pal. Gesell., vol. vi, no. 4,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcoivii Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, i)l. i, fig. 3 (l?);

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Geogn., Pal., p. 142, ^fi. 1, fig. 1.nbsp;1880. Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Schimper, in Zittel: Handb. Pal., vol. ii, p. 164,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Dawson, Chain of Life, p. 104, fig. 90fl.

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Sudcou-ii Brongn., Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., p. 9, i)l. vii, fig. 43.

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 169, pl. xxiv,

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcotcii Brongn., Twelvetrees, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond., vol.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Lapparent, G�ol., p. 735, fig. 275.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pl.

v,fig. 5?

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii, p. 129, pl. ii, fig. 1;

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill.Valenciennes, Atlas,

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Stur, Calamar. d. Carbon-Fl., xgt;. 145, pl. iii, figs. 3,4;

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Creduer, El. Geol., p. 471, fig. 236c.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkoblen, p. 202, pl. v, figs. 1, 2, 9.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Dawson, Geol. Hist. Pl., p. 123, fig. 46a; j). 124,

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcoivii Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 105,

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Miller, R. Amer. Geol. Pal., p. 110, fig. 20.

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calamites Suelcowii Brongn., Grand �Eury, G�ol. pal. Gard., p. 216, pl. iii, fig. 24;

1890. Calamites Suelcoivn Brongn., Renault, Fl. foss. Comiuentry, vol. ii, p. 385, pl. xliii,nbsp;figs. 1-3; pl. xliv, figs. 4, 5.

1890. Calamites Suekoicii Brongn., Saporta, R�v. g�n. bot., vol. 1, igt;. 584, pl. xxv, figs. 1, la, 15.

1833. An Calamites eanneeformis Schloth., Bindley and Hutton, Foss. Fl., vol. i, p. 217: pl. Ixxix?

1833. An OaiamRes�base of stem, Bindley and Hutton, Foss FL, vol. ii, p. 39, ifi. xcvi ?

1848. Calamites Artisii Sauveur [non (Goepp.) Ett.], Veg. loss. terr. houill. Belgiqne, pi. vii, fig, 1 (21).

1848. Calamites nodosus Scliloth. (non Stb,), Sauveur, V�g. loss. terr. houill. Belgique, pi. xii, fig. 3.

1851. Calamites communis Ettingshausen, Beitr. FI. Yorw., p. 73 (ex parte syn.).

1882. Calamites irregularis Acliepohl (non Kutorga), Hiederrh.-Westfal. Steiuk., pt. 6, p. 89, pi. xxviii, fig. 2,

1884. Calamites {Stylocalamites) Suckowii Brongn., Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii. Atlas, pi. ii, fig. 1; pi. iii, figs. 2,3; (pi. iv, fig. 11); pi. xvii, fig. 3.

1884. Stylocalamites Suckowii (Brongn.) Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii, Atlas, pi. ii, fig. 1; pi. iii, figs. 1,3; pi. xxvii, fig. 3.

1887. Stylocalamites Suckowii (Brongn.) Weiss, Kidston, Foss. fl. Radstock Ser., p. 342.

1822. An Calamites decoratus Schloth., Bronguiart, M�m. mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 217, pi. xii, fig. 2?

1828. An Calamites decoratus Schloth., Brongniart, Hist. v�g. loss., p. 123, pi. xiv, figs. 1-5?

1828. An Calamites decoratus Schloth., Bronu, in Bischoff: Krypt. Gewiichse, i). 60, pi. vi, fig. 11?

1850. An Calamites decoratus Schloth., Mantell, Pictorial Atlas, p. 51, pi. xvii?

1854. An Calamites decoratus Schloth., Mantell, Med. Creation, 2d ed., p. 107, figs.

1861. An Calamites decoratus Schloth., Lesquereux, Geol. Surv. Kentucky, vol. iv, p.

This species, reported by Professor Lesquereux from Henry County, Missouri, is represented in the collections before me by a single long fragment. While the characters of the ribs and rib cicatrices seem to agi'eenbsp;with those of the ordinary specimens of the species, the ramification, noticednbsp;at intervals of every two or three nodes, appears to be more profuse, perhaps,nbsp;than the European form.

The carbonaceous residue of the vascular tissue constitutes a very thin, filmy pellicle, and seems to indicate for this species a very thin-wallednbsp;structure, possibly approaching the living type of JEquisetuni. It is probablenbsp;that some of the thick-walled or more Calamodendroid specimens referrednbsp;in this country to this species are really more closely related to C. varians andnbsp;other species. The thin tissue of G. Suckowii has been especially emphasizednbsp;by the late Marquis Saporta.

1848. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�alamites Gistii Brongii., Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. houill. Belgique, pl. xi, flg. 1

1853. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongii., Marcou, Geol. Map N. Amer., p. 38, pl. v, flg. 1.

1855. Galamites Gistii Brougn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachseu, p. 7, pl. xi, flg. 7 (8?);

1869. Galamites Gistii Brongn., Schimper, Trait�, vol. 1, p. 313, Atlas (1874) (pl. xviii, flg. 3 %).

1871. Galamites Gistii Brongn., Dawson, Eei^t. Geol. Struct. P. E. I., p. 44, pl. ii, flgs.

10, 11.

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Heer, El. Foss. Helv., p. 47, pl. xx (flgs. 1, 2, 4?), 3.

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Grand �Eury, El. oarb. Loire, p. 19, pl. ii, flgs. 1, 2, 3.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Dawson, Acad. Geol., 3d ed;, p. 442, flg. 163B; p. 194

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Heer, Urwelt Schweiz, 2d ed., p. 15, flgs. IQa-h.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 1, pl. i, flg. 6; text,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Eothpletz, Abh. Schweiz, pal. Gesell., vol. vi, no. 4,

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 162, pl. xxiv, flg. 7.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, p. 40, pl.

1886. Galamites Gistii Brongn., Sterzel, El. Rothl. n.-w. Sachsen, p. 12 (pl. i, flg. 8?);nbsp;pl. ii (flgs. 1?, 2?) 3; (pl. iii, flg. 1; pl. vii, tig. 21).

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Zeiller, El. foss. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. Ivi, flgs. 1, 2;

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Credner, El. Geol., 6th ed., p. 472, flg. 233b.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Dawson, Geol. Hist. Pl,, p. 123, flg. 46B (flg. 48?).

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 104, text flg.

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Renault, El. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 389, pl.

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn., Grand �Eury, G�ol. pal. Gard., p. 217, pl. xv, flg. 1 (2?).

1891. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites Gistii Brongn.,Raciborski, Permokarb. El., p. 13, pl. i (flg. 1?), (flg. 2?).nbsp;1835. Galamites tuherculosus Gutbier, Abdriicke, p. 24, pl. ii, flgs. 4, 14; pl. i�A, flg. 4.nbsp;1843. An Galamites Biirrii Gutbier Mss., in Neumann, Cotta, Geinitz,et al.: Gaea v.

1849. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Galamites Durrii Gutbier, Verst. Rothl. Sachsen, p. 8, pl. i, flg. 6?

1849. Au Galamites leioderma Gutbier, Verst. Rothl. Sachsen, j). 8, pl. i, flg. 5?

1804. An Galamites leioderma Gutb., Goeppert, Foss. Fl. perm. Form., p. 34, pl. i�^ flg. i? 1851. Galamites communis Ettingshausen, Beitr. Fl. Vorw., p. 73 (ex parte syn.).

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamites tenuifolius Ettingshausen, Foss. Pl. Radnitz, p. 27 (pars), pl. iii, flg. 4.nbsp;1862. Galamites infractus Gutb. var. leioderma (Gutbier) Geinitz, Nachtr. z. Dyas,

The charactei'S of this species, including- the very thin vascular zones, the rarity of rameal cicatrices, the long internodes, the low, narrow,nbsp;obtusely keeled ribs bearing elongated scars at the upper ends and obscurenbsp;or punctiform cicatrices at the lower extremities, and the shallow furrows,nbsp;clearly striate, are so clear and diagnostic in the material at hand as tonbsp;leave no doubt as to its identity with the species described by Brongniartnbsp;from the Northern Anthracite field in Pennsylvania. The vascular arrangement at the nodes is remarkably clear, considering- that the stems arenbsp;compressed somewhat in a shale matrix.

In this country Calamites Gistii seems to have been slightly confused with several forms possibly referable to C. mdosus Schloth. or C. varians.nbsp;The species probably appeared in the upper beds of the Pottsville, andnbsp;was perhaps in its typical phase during the Lower Coal Measures, or Alleghany series. Although it has been published by several authors from thenbsp;Permian, an inspection of the figures gives the idea that the younger formsnbsp;depart considerably from the normal type. Possibly it would be propernbsp;to place these Permian specimens, with much gi-eater proportionate breadthnbsp;of rib, and with varying nodal diameter and lax as|)ect of the stem, under anbsp;separate varietal or specific name, which might at least be of some stratigraphic value. Illustrations of this phase are given by Raciborski,^ Sterzel,^nbsp;and Gutbier. The Calamites infractus, and leioderma of Gutbier appear tonbsp;be closely related to these, although they are frequently inscribed as synonyms of Calamites Gistii.

1822. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites Brongniart, M�m. mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 210 (pars).

*Pos8. FI. Eothl. u.-w. Sachsens, 1886, p. 12, pi. i, fig. 8; pi. ii; pi. Hi; pi. vii.

1720. Equisetum minimum, etc., Mylius, Memorabilia Sax. Subterr., p, 30, pl. xix, flg. 12. 1720. Polygonum fcemina, etc., Mylius, Memorabilia Sax. Subterr., p. 30, pl. xix, fig. 7.nbsp;1720. Pquisetum majus, etc., Mylius, Memorabilia Sax. Subterr., p. 30, pl. xix, ligs. 3, 5.nbsp;1723. Equisetum palustre, etc., Scheucbzer, Herb. DiL, pl. i, flg. 3; pl. ii, flg. 1.

1825. Bornia equisetiformis (Schloth.) Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 4, tent., p. xxviii. 1841. Bornia equisetiformis (Schloth.) Sternb., Steininger, Geogn. Beschr., Nachtr.,nbsp;p. 12, flg. 13.

1837. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., Germar, Isis, col. 428, pl. ii, flg.3. 1841. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongii., Hitchcock, Geol. Massachusetts,nbsp;vol. ii, p. 541, pl. xxi, flg. 2.

1845. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Germar, Yerst. Steink. Wettin

1846. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., Teschemacher, Eoss. Veg.

1855. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 8, pl. xvii, flg. 1.

1858. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., Lesquereux, Eept, Geol. Surv. Kentucky, vol. iv, p. 43G, pl. iv, flgs. 1, la.

1864. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis{^clvloth.) Brongn,, Goeppert,Eoss. El. perm. Eorm., p. 36, pl. i, flg. 3.

1869. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., von Eoehl, Eoss. El. Steink. Westphaleus, p. 22, pl. iii, flg. 5.

1871. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., O. Eeistniaiitel, Steinkohlenf. Kralup, p. 17, pl. i, flg. 1.

1871. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., Weiss, Eoss. El. )iingst, Steink. u. Eothl., p. 126 (pl. xii, flg. 2!).

1873. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., O. Eeistmantel, Zeitschr.

1874. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., O. Eeistmantel, Verst. b�hm.

1876. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brougn., Heer, El. Eoss. Helv., p. 48, pl. xix, flgs. 1, 2.

1876. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Eerd. Eoemer, Leth. Geogn., Pal., pl. 1, flg. 4; text (1880), p. 146.

1879. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Saporta, Monde d. Plantes, p. 175, fig. 11, 3, 4.

1879. AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. houill., p. 19, pl. clix, fig. 3.

1879. AsteropJiyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Heer, Urwelt Schweiz, 2d ed., p. 16, fig. 19.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophyUUes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Broiigii., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas,

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophyUUes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Weiss, Ans d. FI. d. Steink.,

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophyUUes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Renault, Cours hot. foss., vol.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsterophyUUes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Schenk, in Richthofen ; China,

1883. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pl. vi, figs. 1, 2.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valen

1888. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 205,nbsp;pl. V, fig. 27.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Renault, Rl. foss., p. 202, fig. 15.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania,

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Renault, FI. foss, honill. Oom-

1893. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Grand �Eury, Geol. iial. houill. Gard., pp. 156, 173, pl. xvii, fig. 4.

1893. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Potoni�, FI. Bothl. Thiiringen, j). 170, j)!. xxiv, fig. 8.

1899. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 513.

1836. Hippurites longifolia Bindley amp; Hutton, Foss. FI., vol. iii, pis. cxc, cxci.

1844. Asterophyllites iNeumannianus Goeppert, in Wimmer; FI. v. Schlesien, vol. ii, p. 199. 1848. Asterophyllites Lindleyanus Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Pal., p. 122.

1851. Galamites Gistii Brongn., Ettingshausen, FI. d. Yorw., p. 75 (ex parte syn.). 1865. Galamites Gistii Brongn., Heer, Urwelt Schweiz, p. 8, fig. 4o.

1855. Asterophyllites grandis L. amp; H., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, pl. xvii, fig. 5. 1855. Galamites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. Radnitz, p. 28.nbsp;1869. Galamocladus equisetiformis (Schloth.) Schimper, Trait�, vol. 1, p. 324, pl. xx,nbsp;figs. 1-3, 4.

1898. Galamocladus equisetiformis (Schloth.) Schimp., Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. 1, p. 3.34, fig. 87.

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anrmlaria oalamitoides Schimper, Trait�, vol. 1, X). 349, pl. xxii, fig. 4.

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamocladus binervis Boulay, Terr, houill. uord Fr., p. 22, pl. ii, fig. 1.

1870. Calamostachys germanica Weiss, Steinkohlen Cal., vol. 1, p. 47, pl. xvi, figs. 3, 4. 1883. Galamostachys germamica Weiss, Schenk, in Richthofen; China, vol. iv, p. 2.33,nbsp;pl. xxxvi, fig. 5.

1878. Galamostachys equisetiformis (Schloth.) [Bigsby?], Bigsby, Thesaurus Dev.-carb., X). 145.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllum equisetiformis (Bchloth.) Schimper, in Zittell: Handb. Pal., vol. ii,

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites annularioides Crexnn, in Mourlon; Geol. Belgique, vol. ii, x^. 59.

There are in the collections hut a few fragments referable to this species, which must have been relatively rare in this region at the time ofnbsp;the deposition of the lower coals. Two or three of the fragments are, bynbsp;the marked obliquity of the very narrow leaves, the short nodes, and thenbsp;o-eneral delicacy of form, closely related to AsterophjlUtes erectifolius Andr.nbsp;This phase of A. equisetiformis is not rare in the Appalachian Basin, wherenbsp;it is found near the base of the Productive Coal Measures, or Alleghanynbsp;series. The leaves on a branch 2 mm. wide are more than three times thenbsp;length of the internode, which is about 4 mm.

From the habit of some of the larger stems I am strongly inclined to believe that some of the segments of large stems referred by authors tonbsp;A. longifolius or A. rigidus may be merely portions of tlie main stems ornbsp;principal branches of A. equisetiformis.

The Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum contains a fine example (No. 7689) of the latter species from Canneltou, Pennsylvania,nbsp;in which we see a stem segment 43 cm. long, 17 mm. wide at the lower end,nbsp;and 10 mm. wide at the top, provided with 14 verticils of branches. Four,nbsp;and sometimes five, branches, the longest of which is not over 12 cm., cannbsp;be seen at nearly every node. The surface is nearly smooth, being onlynbsp;minutely lineate where decorticated, and is much smoother where the carbonaceous material remains intact. It is worthy of mention that, notwithstanding the size of the stem, the leaves on the latter are not over 1.5 cm.nbsp;in length. In this respect it differs much from certain specimens fromnbsp;Mazon Creek ascribed by Professor Lesquereux to this species, as well asnbsp;from that figured under the same name by Von Roehl.^

It is possible that the distinctions between the different species of Asterophyllites have not in numerous cases been consistently established ornbsp;followed.

1825. Brukmannia longifolia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xxix, fasc. 4, pi. Iviii, fig. 1.

1832. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Lindley and Hutton, Poss. PL, vol. i, 1)1. xviii.

1855. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 9, pi. xviii, figs. 2, 3.

1869. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Yon Roehl, Poss. PL Steink. West-phalens, p. 25, pi. iv, fig. 16; (pi. xii fig. let).

1874. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., O. Peistinantel, Verst, b�hm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 123, pL xiv, fig. 6; pi. xv, fig. 1.

1876. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Heer, PL Poss. Helv., p. 50 (pi. xix, fig. 3?).

1876. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Weiss, Steink.-OaL, vol. i, p. 50, pi. x, figs. 1, 2, 3.

1881. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Weiss, Aus d. PL d. Steink., pi. ix, fig. 46.

1886. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Zeiller, PL loss, bouill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. lix, fig. 3; text (1888), p. 374.

1890. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Renault, PL loss, bouill. Gommentry, vol. ii, p. 415, pi. xlvii, fig. 4; pi. xlviii, figs. 1, 6.

1893. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Potoni�, PL Rotbl. Thiiringen, p. 178, pi. xxxiii, fig, 4.

1848. Asterophyllites elegans Sauvenr, Veg. loss. terr. bouill. Belgique, pi. Ixviii, fig. 1. 1851. Calaniites tenuifolius (Stb.) Ettingshausen, Beitr. PL Vorw., p. 76 (syn.).

1854. Calaniites tenuifolius (Stb.) Ettingshausen, Steinkoblenfl. Radnitz, p. 27 (pl.ii, fig. 1?).

1886. Calamocladus longifolms (Stb.) Schimp., Kidston, Cat. Pal. PL Brit. Mus., p. 41. 1876. Asterophyllites of. rigidus (Stb.) Brongn., Weiss, Steinkohlen-CaL, vol. i, i)L xii,nbsp;fig. IB.

1876. Galamostachys sp. Weiss, Steinkohlen-CaL, vol. i, p. 56, pi. xii, fig. lA.

1876. Galamostachys longifolius (Stb.) Weiss, Steinkohlen-CaL, vol. i, p. 50, pi. x, fig. 1. 1884. Galamostachys longifolius (Stb.) Weiss, Steiidcohleu-CaL, vol. ii, j). 171, pi. xx,nbsp;fig. 6; pi. xxi, fig. 11.

1886. Galamostachys longifolius (Stb.) Weiss, Kidston, Trans. GeoL Soc. Glasgow, vol. iii, p. 54 (pL iii, fig. 4!).

1879. Asterophyllites tenuifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Zeiller, PL loss, terr. bouill., p. 20.

To this apparently equivocal species I have referred a number of specimens which seem to agree with the descriptions and figures of European examples, d'he finely but distinctly striated nodes range from 13 to 30nbsp;mm. in length, while the leaves, counting 30 to 40 in the verticil, are fromnbsp;one and one-half to three times the length of the internode. The verticilsnbsp;vary greatly in their angle of divergence from the axis, some of them beingnbsp;erect, while others spread out very open, according to the distance from thenbsp;apex of the branch. The leaves are generally rigid, though curving out

from an axis not parallel to the stem, narrow, somewhat rounded or thick in transection, with a strong midrib, which is striate, carinate on the back,nbsp;and marked on the inner surface by two parallel lines. Where the carbonaceous matter is removed from one of the specimens, broken contiguously tonbsp;the nodal diaphragm, the leaves, which go out at an angle of about 45�nbsp;with the stem, seem to be united at the bases in a sheath a little over a millimeter in width.

The occurrence of Asterophyllites longifolius at the coal banks near Clinton has already been recorded by Professor Lesquereux.�^ But annbsp;examination of the specimens from the same localities now in the collectionsnbsp;of the United States National Museum reveals several that were identifiednbsp;as A. rigidus by the same author. It is clear that confusion exists as to thenbsp;distinction between these two species in our American material, and itnbsp;would seem that the differentiation was perhaps not always plain or consistent in the descriptions or figures of the Old World specimens. All thenbsp;material in both the Museum and the Geological Survey collections from thenbsp;vicinity of Clinton, appears, in my judgment, like the example shown innbsp;Fig. 4, PI. XLIX, to agree with the A. longifolius as figured by Sternberg,^nbsp;Sanveur,� or Zeiller,'^ although there is a strong resemblance to the A. rigidusnbsp;illustrated by Lesquereux in the fourth volume of the reports of thenbsp;geological survey of Illinois, while there are some points in common withnbsp;the figures of Old World material. Ottokar Feistmantel, who gave morenbsp;attention than most authors to the species of Asterophyllites, explains� thatnbsp;A. rigidus is distinguished from A. longifolius by the shorter interuodes, thenbsp;joints not so swollen, the leaves generally shorter and slightly broader,nbsp;lying parallel to the stem, a short distance above their bases, and especiallynbsp;characterized by a certain rigidity. Sternberg�s type is represented� withnbsp;the�e characters, though the leaves in his Brultmannia longifolia� are alsonbsp;soon turned upward, parallel to the axis, and, to judge by his figure, are evennbsp;more rigid. Mr. Kidston refers the specimen illustrated by Schimper asnbsp;Calamostachys typica in fig. 1, pi xxiii, of the Atlas to the latter�s �Trait�,�

von Roelil�s figure^ of Volkmannia elongata, and one of the examples^ identified by Weiss as Galamostachys Ltidwigii to AsterophylUtes longifolius.nbsp;The variation in the size of the strobili and the width of the bracts in thenbsp;fructifications described under this name furnish another example of thenbsp;uniformity of the vegetation as compared with the reproductive organs innbsp;the CalamaricB.

The specimens of AsterophylUtes longifolius from the mines near Clinton agree fairly well with examples of that species from the Bristol coal fieldnbsp;in England.

Localities.�Grilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5432; Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5423, 5677; Pitcher�s coal bank, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5673, 5676.

1858. Of. AsterophylUtes ovalis Lesquereux, in Rogers; Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 851, pi. i, fig. 2.

1884. Cf. Galamostachys ovalis Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 717 (pi. Ixxxix, figs. 3, 4?).

Among the Calamarice in the Lacoe collection in the National Museum is a fragment, No. 8056, from Henry County, Missouri, which was identified by Professor Lesquereux as Galamostachys ovalis Lx. The specimennbsp;comprises a segment of a compressed spike 45 mm. long and 11 mm. wide,nbsp;the distinctly ribbed axis being 1.75 mm. wide, with internodes 4 to 5 mm.nbsp;in length.

The bracts, of which there appear to be between 15 and 20 to the verticil, are slender, narrow, carinate, tapering from near the base to thenbsp;very slender apex, and are at first somewhat reflexed, then curved outwardnbsp;and slightly upward, although the tip of the bract seldom reaches thenbsp;height of the next node.

Unfortunately, the fragment does not reveal the mode of arrangement of the sporangia with sufficient clearness to assure one of even its genericnbsp;relationship. But the entire absence of any trace of scars of the sporan-giophores in the middle or upper portions of the internodes, as well as the

appearance of the bases of the iiiternodes and the position occupied bj several fragments of sporangia, makes it seem j^robable that the specimennbsp;belongs to the genus Falceostachya Weiss As such, it might be comparednbsp;with P. pedunculata Will, although the internodes are rather long for thatnbsp;species.

Tlie inclusion of this fragment in the species bearing the above name is made entirely in deference to the great knowledge and experience ofnbsp;Professor Lesquereux, who seems to have identified it without question asnbsp;Calamostachys ovalis. A com]Darison of the original figure^ with the laternbsp;figures^ published by him as this species shows two quite different plants;nbsp;and while the fragment in hand differs much from the specimens from thenbsp;Pottsville series illustrated in the Coal Flora, it agrees hardly better withnbsp;the figure of the early type, the internodes being almost twice as long.nbsp;The precise generic relationship of either of the illustrated plants is hardlynbsp;determinable from tlie figures.

Locality.�The specimen comes from the vicinity of Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, No. 8056 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.

That certain among the Annulariseform types represent foliate parts of some Catamites is now generally accepted, tlie case of Annularia ramosa having been amply developed almost simultaneously by both Weiss and Stur.nbsp;The more recent researches of Dr. Potonie go far in showing the relationsnbsp;of Annularia to both the Lquisetmn and Calaraodendroid types. As thenbsp;result of his study of well-preserved material from the Idothliegende of ddiiir-ingia, Potoni� demonstrates that the leaves of A. stellata are joined at theirnbsp;bases in a narrow, spreading sheath, comparable to Equisetum, while theirnbsp;superficial structure is in all respects essentially the same as that of thenbsp;leaves of Equisetites zeceformis (Schloth.) Andrii and Catamites varians Stb.nbsp;Moreover, in certain verticils of Equisetites zeceformis he finds the leaves

1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Rogers: Geology of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, 1858, pi. i, fig. 2.

3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Der anssere Ban der Blatter you Atmularia stellata (Schlotheim) Wood mit Ausblicken anf

Equisetites zeceformis (Schlotheim) Andrii und anf die Bliitter von Catamites varians Sternberg: Ber. d. Deutsch. hot. GeselL, vol. x, 1882, p. 561-568. Die Flora des Rothliegendeu von Thiirino-en: Abh dnbsp;k. Preiiss. geol. Landesanst., N. F., Hft. 9, Th. ii, 1893, pp. 170,179.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

becoming entirely separated and free as the stems increase in thickness, instead of remaining united in the sheath, thus reproducing on a smallernbsp;scale the features seen in foliate portions of Catamites varians Stb. (Cala-mitina of Weiss). So close is A. stellata to the Catamites group that Dr.nbsp;Potoniti appears to regard its relation as branch or twig of some Catamitesnbsp;as not very improbable.

Fragments of Aunularia stetlata with leaves still joined to larger stems have been described by Professor Zeiller and Mr. Lacoe.^

1848. Annularia radiata Brongn., Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pi. Ixvii, lig. 2. 1855. Annularia radiata Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohl. Sachsen, p. 11, pi. xviii,nbsp;figs. 6, 7.

1869. Annularia radiata Brongn., von Eoehl, Foss. FI. Steinkohlenf. Westplialens, p. 28, pi. iv, fig. 3.

1874. Annularia radiata Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst, b�hm. Abl., vol. i, p. 130, pi. xvii, figs. 2, 3, 4.

1878. Annularia radiata Brongn., Zeiller, V�g. foss. terr. houill., Atlas, pi. clx, fig. 1; text (1879), p. 24.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia radiata Brongn., Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. lix,

1884. Annularia ramosa Weiss, Steinkohleu-Cal., vol. ii, p. 98, pi. v, figs. 1, 2; jd. vi, figs. 1-7; pi. X, fig. 1; pi. XX, figs. 1, 2.

1893. Annularia ramosa Weiss, D. White, Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Eo. 98, p. 17.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia ramosa Weiss, Stur, Calamar. Schatzlar. Sch., j). 106, xgt;h xiift, figs.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Catamites {Eucalamites) ramosus Artis, Kidston, Foss. PI. Lanarksh., p. 51, j)l. iii,

1884. Catamites [Eucalamites) ramosus Artis, Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii, p. 98, pi. V, fig. 2; pi. vi, figs. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7; pi. xx, figs. 1, 2.

1884. Calamostachys ramosa Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii, p. 180, pi. xx, figs. 1,2.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Catamites ramosus Artis, Stur, Calamar. Schatzlar. Sch., vol. ii, p. 96, (pi. xii, figs.

Considerable variation is to be found among the leaves of this species, which, as was demonstrated by both Weiss and Stur,^ includes the foliate

' See Zeiller, FI. foss. Uassin honiller de Valenciennes, 1888, p. 399; also Bnll. U. S. Geol. Surx., No. 98,1893, p. 27.

2 See tile r�sum� on the relations of this species in Bull. U. S. GeOl. Snrv., No. 98,1893, p. 23.

branches of Calamites ramosus. It is frequently difficult to distinguish it from Annularia radiata Brongn., by which name it was formerly usuallynbsp;known. No. 7839 of the Lacoe collection, from Henry County, Missouri,nbsp;identified by Lesquereux as Annularia radiata, appears indistinguishablenbsp;from the ordinary leaves of this species. It is possible that other species ofnbsp;Anmilarice represent the ultimate branches of different species of Calamites.nbsp;Locality.�Deepwater, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5460.

1699. Apparinm densius foliatw Luidius, Lithopliyl. Brit., p. 12, pi. v, fig. 201.

1723. Apparince densius foliatce Sclieuchzer, Herb. Diluv., p. 19, pi. iii, fig. 3.

1723. Galium album vulgare Tourn., Scbeiiclizer, Herb. Diluv., p. 63, pi. xiii, fig. 3. 1771. Galium album latifoUum Rupp., Walch, Naturgescli. Verst., vol. iii, p. 117, pi. a),nbsp;fig. 2.

1832. Casuarinites stellatus Schlotbeim, Merkwiirdige Verst., p. 5, pi. i, fig. 4.

1823. Annularia spinulosa Sternberg, Versuch, vol. 1, fasc. 2, pp. 28, 32; pi. xx, fig. 4; tent., p. xxxi.

1826. Annularia fertilis Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fasc. 4, p. 43, pi. li, fig. 2; tent., p. xxxi.

1859. Annularia fertilis Stb., Eichwald, Leth�a Rossica, p. 187, pi. xiv, fig. 9.

1845. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Germar, Verst. Wettin u. L�bej�n, p. 25, pi. ix, figs. 1-3.

1852. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. Stradonitz, p. 8, pi. i,

fig. 4.

1855. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 10, pi. xix,

1866. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii. Pal., p. 444. 1869. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 348 (pars), pi. xxii, fig.nbsp;5; pi. xxvi, figs. 2, 3, 4.

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifolia Brongn., von Roehl, Foss. FI. Steink. Westphalens, p. 28, pi.

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifolia Brongn., Unger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-nat. Cl.,

1874. Annularia longifolia Brongn., O. Feistraantel, Verst, bohrn. Ablag., vol. i, p. 127, pi. XV, fig. 3; pi. xvi, fig. 1.

1876. Anmilaria longifoUa Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogii., vol. i, Atlas, pi. 1, fig. 8; text (1880), p. 150.

1876. Annularia longifoUa Brorign., Heer, FI. Foss. Helv-., p. 51, pi. xix, figs. 4, 5. 1879. Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 2, pi. ii, figs.nbsp;1, 2, 2a; text, vol. i (1880), p. 45.

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongu., Lesquereux, Rept. Oeol. Surv. ludiaiia, 1879-

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, 128, pi. xx,

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pt. 2,

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 232, pi.

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Lacoe, in Lesquereux: Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 706.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 205, pi. v, fig. 29.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 26,

1891. Annularia longifoUa Brongn., Raciborski, Rozpraw. Wydz. mat. przyrod. Akad. Umiej., Krakow., vol. xxi, p. 359, j)l. v, figs. 17-19.

1834. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Astero])ligllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Bindley and Hutton, Foss. FI.,

1835. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;JEquisetum stellifoUum Harlan, Trans. Ceol. Soc. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 260, j)!.

1836. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites f Morton, Am. Jour. Soi., vol. xxix, p. 151, pi. ix, fig. 30.

1840. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Asterophyllites, Jackson, Rept. Ceol. Surv. Rhode Island, 1839, p. 288, pi. vi.

1841. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia, Hitchcock, Pinal Rept. G-eol. Massachusetts, vol. ii, p. 754, fig. 266,

1860. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Proc. Acad. Kat. Sci., Phila., vol. xii, p. 236.

1878. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Eeiller, V�g. foss. terr. houill.. Atlas, pi. clx., figs. 2, 3; text (1879), p. 26.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas,

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Kidston, Foss. PI. Radstock Ser., p. 343.nbsp;1887. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Stur, Calamar. Carbon-Pl., p. 55, jd. xiiil*,

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Renault, FI. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii,

1891. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Raciborski, Permokarb. PI. Karmiowick.

1892. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Potoni�, Katurw. Wochenschr., vol. vii, no.

1893. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Renault, FI. Foss. Autun et Epinac, vol. ii.

1893. Annularia stelluta (Schloth.) Wood, Potoni�, FI. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 162, x)l. xxiv, figs. 1-6.

1893. AnnulariasteiZata(Schloth.) Wood, D. White, Bull.U. S. Geol.Surv., Ko. 98,p. 25.

1896. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Scliloth.) Wood, Potoni�, Abh, k. Pr. geol. Landesanst., N. P.,

1897. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Scliloth.) Wood, Potoni�, Lehrb. d. Pflanzenpal., p. 200, flg.

1898. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Seward, Foss. PI., vol. i, p. 265, flg. 58D;

1868. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Broiigii., Bimiey, Obs. Struct. Foss. PI. Garb., pt. i, p. 28, pi. vi, flg. 3.

1870. Annularia sp. Ferd. Roemer, Geol. v. Oberschlesien, p. 117, pi. ix, flg. 9.

1883. Annularia mucronata Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 226, pi. xxx, flg. 10.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia Geinitzii Stur, Oalamar. Schatzlarer Sch., p. 215, pi. xviamp;, figs. 1,2,3.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia Geinitzii Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohleu, p. 209, pi. v, flg. 14.

1887. An Annularia icestphalica Stur, Oalamar. Schatzlarer Sch., p. 213, pi. xiii/), flg. 2 ? 1887. Asterophyllites tcestphalicus Stur, Oalamar. Schatzlarer Sch., p. 216, pi. ivamp;, flg. 4.

1826. Bruhmannia tuherculata Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fasc. 4, tent., p. xxix (Pars?), pi. xlv, fig. 2.

1882. Bruclctnannia tuherculata Stb., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 129, pi. xxi, figs. 1-6 bis.

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifolia Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogn., vol. i. Atlas, pi. 1,

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifolia Brongn., Grand �Bury, El. carb. Loire, p. 44, pi. vi, flg. 4.nbsp;1879. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Heer, Urwelt d. Schweiz, p. 16, fig. 22.

1879. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pi. iii, flg. 10 (non 11,12).

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifolia Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 126, pi. xxi,

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia longifolia Brongn., Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 232, pi.

xxxiv, figs. 4-7; pi. xxxv, flg. 7; pi. xxxvi, figs. 1-4; pi. xxxix; pi. xli, flg. 6. 1876. Stachannularia tuherculata (Stb.) Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. i, p. 17, pi. i,nbsp;figs. 2-4; x)l. ii, figs. 1-3; pi. iii, figs. 3-10,12.

1879. Asterophyllites fruit, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 2, pi. iii, flg. 10.

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamostachys tuherculata (Stb.) Weiss (non Lx.), Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii, p. 178.nbsp;1886. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Zeiller, El. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas,

1890. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Renault, El. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 398, pi. xlv, figs. 1-3; pi. xlvi, figs. 4-6.

1893. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Sterzel, El. Rothl. Plauensch. Grund, p. 99, pi. ix, fig. 9.

1899. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv.

All excellent suite of specimens from Henry County represents this species, which is more familiar to geolog-ists as A. longifolia. A somewhatnbsp;extensive summary of its characters was given in my report on the Floranbsp;MON XXXVII-11

of the Outlying� Carbonifei�ous Basins of Southwestern Missouri.^ In the material from the vicinity of Clinton is a rock on which one fine verticil ofnbsp;this species includes as many as twenty-seven leaves. Another fragment,nbsp;from Hobbs�s bank, contains portions of a plant in which the leaves arenbsp;nearly 5 cm. in length. The same piece of shale bears a small Lamelli-branch, but the valves of the latter are unfortunately crushed too much tonbsp;admit of its determination. Many of the specimens, especially those fromnbsp;Deepwater, show the mucrons clearly developed at the apices of the sha-greened leaves. In some examples the upper surface of the leaves is wellnbsp;arched upward, the midrib being so faint as to suggest the form namednbsp;A. inflata by Professor Lesquereux, but on the under surface of these leavesnbsp;the midrib is in strong relief It is possible the rugose or shagreened effectnbsp;is due to the presence of very short hairs similar to those described by Dr.nbsp;Potonie. I have not yet been able clearly to discern the transpirationnbsp;zones noted by Potoni� on each side of the central nerve.

In many of the Henry County specimens the leaves present a lax, slightly flexuous habit, suggesting the phase seen in the earliest precursorsnbsp;of the species in the upper part of the Pottsville series. There are alsonbsp;present a number of strobili, some of which are so broken as to show thenbsp;characters of the axis, the sporangiophores, attached near the middle.of thenbsp;internode, and the sporangia. A description of the fruit, which agrees withnbsp;the '��Asterophyllitesquot; figured by Lesquereux in fig. 10, pi. iii, of the Atlas tonbsp;the Coal Flora, may be found in the above-mentioned report on the flora ofnbsp;the outlying basins of this State.

�rhe systematic relation of Annularia stellata has been referred to above in my remarks on the genus Annularia.

Localities.�Pitclier�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5434, 5436, 5443; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5444, 5537, 5586; Owen�s coal bank,nbsp;�. S. Nat. Mus., 5433, 5445; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5442, 5446, 5538;nbsp;Gilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6229.

1884. Annularia longifolia var. angustifolia Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 879 {nomen nudum).

1890. Annularia angustifolia (Lx.) Hambaeli, Bull. Ueol. Surv. Missouri, No. 1, p. 83.

Several specimens appear to represent a variation, perhaps of varietal rank, which is presumably that designated by'Lesquerenx in the list ofnbsp;plants from Henry County, Missouri,^ as Annularia longifolia var. angustifolia.nbsp;The verticils, which have the diameter of the normal type, seem to benbsp;rather fewer leaved, the leaves being more slender and tapering from thenbsp;middle upward to an acute j^oint. The midrib is quite distinct. In formnbsp;it approaches very close to A. radHta Brongn., though really bound by itsnbsp;essential characters to A. stellata.

At first I was disposed to regard this form as a case of inrolled margins in the latter species, as indeed seems to be the condition in some of thenbsp;specimens labeled with the name of this variety in the collections of thenbsp;United States National Museum; but a more careful examination leads menbsp;to the conclusion that the continuance of its varietal distinction may serve anbsp;useful purpose. Though somewhat larger, it strongly resembles the figuresnbsp;of Annularia elegans given by Grand �Eury in his most interesting work onnbsp;the flora of the basin of Gard.^ The plant listed by Mr. G. Hambach� asnbsp;Annularia angustifolia in the enumeration of the Missouri fossil flora is probably this variety.

Localities.�Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5448; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6447.

1771. Ruhia sylvestris Volkmaiin, Walob, Naturgescb. Verst., vol. iii, p. 117, pi. f�, flg. i. 1804. Ruhia sylvestris Parkinson, Org. Eem., p. 428, pi. v, tig. 3.

1853. Annularia hrevifolia Brongn., Newberry, Annals Science, Cleveland, vol. 1, p. 97. 1876. Annularia hrevifolia Brongn., Heer, El. Foss. Helv., p. 51, pi. xix, figs. 6-9.

1880. Annularia hrevifolia Brongn., Ferd. Eoemer, Letliaea Geogn., vol. 1, p. 150, fig. 7.

1880. AMgt;udaH� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Brongn., Scliimper, in Zittel: Handbucli Pabeont., vol. ii,

1883. Annularia hrevifolia Brongn., Schenk, in Eichtliofen: China, vol. iv, p. 233, pi. xl.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia hrevifolia Brongn., Star, Calaiuar. Schatzlar. Seh., p. 223, pi. xvift

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia hrevifolia Brongn., Toula, Hie Steinkohlen, p. 204, pi. v, fig. 14.

* G�ol. pal. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, p. 201, pi. xvii, fig. 6. � Bull. Geol. Surv. Missouri, No. 1, 1890, p. 83.

1833. Galium sphenophylloides Zenker, K. Jahrb. f. Min., p. 398, pi. v, figs. 6-9.

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesqnereux, Bost. Journ. S'. H., vol.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohl. Sachsen,

1858. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 852, pi. i, figs. 5, 5a.

1860. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Roemer, Palaeontogr., vol. ix, p. 21, pi. xi, fig. 1.

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 347, pi. xvii,

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Unger, Sitzb. Acad. Naturw. Wien,

1874. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., O. Feistmantel, Verst, b�hm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 129, pi. xvii, figs. 5, 6.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Zeiller, Veg. foss. terr. houiller, Atlas,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, Coral Flora, Atlas, p. 2,

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Weiss, Aus d. FI. d. Steink., pi. ix,

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii,

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Sterzel, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, 13th Ann. Rept. Geol.

1886. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. lx, figs. 5, 6; text (1888), p. 388.

1888. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Dawson, Geol. Hist. PI., p. 122, fig. 455.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, PI. foss., p. 193, fig. 13.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zeuk.) Gutb., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania,

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Miller, Geol. Pal. V. Amer., p. 106,

1890. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, FI. foss. houill. Commentry,

1893. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Uo. 98, p. 30.

1893. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zeuk.) Gutb., Renault, FI. Foss. Autun et Epinac, vol. ii. Atlas, pi. xxviii, fig. 2; text (1896), p. 71.

1898. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. i, p. 340,

1899. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol.

1860. Annularia microphylla Ferd. Roemer (nou Sauveur), Palseontogr., vol. ix, p. 21, pl. V, fig. 1.

1863. Annularia galioides Dawsoii [non (L. and H.) Kidst.], Can. �lat., vol. viii, fig. 441. 1866. Annularia galioides Davvsou, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., vol. xxii, p. 152.nbsp;1868. Annularia galioides Dawson, Acad. Geol., 3d ed., pp. 129, 149.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sarepontana Stur, Calamar. d. Oarbon-Fl., p. 221, pl. xi�Zgt;, flg. 1.

1882. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Sterzel, Zeitscbr. d. deutscli. geol-Gesell., vol. xxxiv, p. 685, pl. xxviii, figs. 1-4.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Annularia sphenophylloides Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. i, j). 340, figs. 89A, B.

1876. An IStachannularia calathifera Weiss, Steiukoblen Cal., vol. i, p. 27, pl. iii, fig. 11? 1880. Stachannularia calathifera Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogn., vol. i, p. 157.

The representatives, rare in the collections, of this well-known species are fully up to the average in size, very clear, and slightly mucronate. Anbsp;portion of a fruiting cone from the same locality has, so far as can henbsp;observed from its external characters, the same size, divisions, bracts, andnbsp;arrangement of parts as the Stachannularia calathifera of Weiss, shown bynbsp;SterzeT to be the fruit of Annularia sphenophylloides.

Localities.�Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5449, 5451; Grilkerson�s Foi-d, Mus. Reg.; Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5450.

Yersuch, vol. i, tent., p. xxix. Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, 1884, p. 719. VOLKMANNIA PB^LONGA Lx.

1884. Yollcmannia prcelonga Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, ]i. 720, pl. xc, fig. 2.

A comparison of the single example of this species found in the Missouri material with the type specimen from �Coal C� at the Ontario Colliery, near Pittston, Pennsylvania, leaves little doubt as to the specific identity of these peculiar cones. The Missouri specimen, which comprisesnbsp;about 15 cm. from the upper part of a strobilus, the base being lost, is 9nbsp;to 10 mm. in width, internodes being 2.5 to 3 mm. long. Both this andnbsp;the type seem to be provided with short, delicate, narrow bracts, closelynbsp;impressed upon the verticils of sporangia or sporangium groups. Though

the axis and the arrangement of the parts of the cone are not visible, the fossil as a whole strikingly resembles the MacrostacJiya Hauchecornei ofnbsp;Weiss.^

1834. Cycloclcdia Lindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora Gr. Brit., vol. ii, p. 137, pi. cxxx.

1868. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cyclocladia L. and H., K. Peistmantel, Abliandl. k. biitim. Gesell., (6) vol. ii, no. 6,

1874. Cyclocladia L. and H., O. Feistmantel, Verst. b�hm. Koblen-Abl., vol. i, p. 95, pi. i, fig. 8.

1855. ISquisetites (in part) of authors, Geinitz, Verst. Stein kolileuform. Sachsen, p. 3, pi. X, tig. 5.

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macrostachya Schimper, Trait� pal�ont. v�g., vol. i, p. 333 (pars).

The stems referred by various authors to Macrostachya or Galamitina appear to furnisli an excellent illustration of the similiarity of the trunks innbsp;several Calamarian types as compared with the diversity of foliate formsnbsp;and organs of reproduction. A comparison of the figures and descriptionsnbsp;given by Bronn, Stur, Geinitz, and others under the names JEquisetmn,nbsp;Equisetites, Cyclocladia, Macrostachya, Galamitina, and Catamites, in some ofnbsp;which the fertile spikes are represented as found still in association with thenbsp;parent stem, shows well the difficulty in distinguishing from the superficialnbsp;characters of the trunks the numerous species founded on the structure ornbsp;arrangement of the parts of the strobili, and vice versa. It is hard to avoidnbsp;the conclusion either that the number of sjoecies founded on the spikes is toonbsp;greatly multiplied or that it is practically impossible in many cases, exceptnbsp;from abundant material, to distinguish species of this genus by means ofnbsp;the superficial aspect of fragments of the stems.

It is perhaps better to follow the practice of some authors in this group, and of many authors in other groups, of employing different generic namesnbsp;for stems and for cones than to countenance so often the probability of bothnbsp;members of the same plant resting under different specific names in thenbsp;same genus, or, what is no better, the inclusion of the stem of one plantnbsp;with the cone of another species under the same specific name. Accordingly it may be advantageous to use the terms Macrostachya and Huttonia innbsp;the sense in which they were employed by Bronn, Brongniart, and Germar

as applying to the fruiting spikes, while some other name, conforming to the prevailing rules of nomenclature, is used for the stem, especially when thenbsp;particular form of spike exclusively produced on that stem is not yet known.

Tlie genus Maorostachya was founded by Schimper^ on the Equisetum infmdibulifornie Bronn,^two of whose figures (representing cone fragments),nbsp;previously given by Brongniart^ as Equisekmi,'�� are again copied bynbsp;Brongniart in his � Histoire.�quot;* Recognizing the relations pointed out bynbsp;Geinitz, in 1855,^ of these strobili to stems of the Catamites verticillafus type,nbsp;Schimper, in 1869, included the stems in his diagnosis of the new genusnbsp;Macrostacliya with two figures of stem fragments,� the better one of whichnbsp;was copied from Geinitz. But most of the plant remains to which Schim-per�s name has been given by various authors are fragments of spikes,nbsp;many of the stems continuing to be referred to Catamites or Catamitina.

The name Cyctoctadia, which, it seems to me, should be adopted if any separate designation is used for this group of Calamarian stems, was givennbsp;by Bindley and Hutton in 1834^ to a stem of this type, Cyclocladia majornbsp;L. and H., from the Jarrow colliery; and this name, as we learn from bothnbsp;Kidston and Howse, seems to have been applied by the authors originallynbsp;and exclusively to the same type. Geinitz introduces the figure given bynbsp;the English authors into his discussion of Equisetites, making C. majornbsp;L. and H. doubtfully a synonym of E. infmidibuliformcJ In 1868 Karlnbsp;FeistmanteP illustrated Bindley and Hutton�s species and discussed tlienbsp;characters and application of the genus. The younger Feistmantel, innbsp;1874, further elaborated the genus and gave additional illustrations.quot;' Thusnbsp;it will be seen that Cyclocladia has distinct priority in its application to thenbsp;Calamarian stems to which the Macrostachya cones belong.

� Biselioff, Kryptogamisehe Gewiichse, 1828, vol. i, p. 52, pi. vi, figs. 4, 9,10.

�* Histoire des v�g�taux fossiles, vol. i, p. 119, pi. xii, figs. 1lt;1-16.

�Trait� pal�ont. v�g., vol. i, p. 333, pl. xxiii, figs. 13, 14. These fragments seem to agree with the figures given by Lesquereux in Coal Flora, pl. iii, fig. 14, and the 13th Kept. Geol. Surv. Indiananbsp;1883, pt. 2, pl.v, fig. 7.

10 � Genus Oyci.oci.adia Bindley and Hutton. Caulis articnlatus, cortice glabro rarius sensim striata; in articulationihus omnibus tnberculis oblongis (cicatriculce foUorum), saepius adhuc cum foUisinsidentibus �nbsp;in articulationibus singulis tuberculis rel cicatricibtts majoribus (cicatrices ramorum).� Verst, hohm. Abiag.,nbsp;vol. 1, p. 95, pl. i, fig. 8.

However, a new generic appellation was given in 1876 by Weiss^ to this group, the principal characters of the genus Calamitina being the samenbsp;as those already published for Cyclodadia. Just as other paleobotanists hadnbsp;referred to the latter genus as a synonym of JSquisetites or Macrostacliya, sonbsp;Weiss quotes it in the discussion of his new genus, and it is interesting tonbsp;note that Kidston, who uses Weiss�s name for the Macrostachian stems, innbsp;his valuable report containing the results of his examination of the Paleozoicnbsp;types published by Lindley and Hutton in the �Fossil Flora,� identifies^ thenbsp;type of Cyclodadia major L. and H. as �probably Calamitina varians, Sternb.nbsp;sp., var. inconstans, Weiss.� But in a footnote Mr. Kidston states that whilenbsp;Cyclodadia �is the oldest name for these fossils,� the type is so imperfect thatnbsp;from it satisfactory generic characters can not be obtained.� This, togethernbsp;with the fact that the name was independently applied to an altogethernbsp;different class of plants by Goldenberg, led him to conclude that �undernbsp;the circumstances it is perhaps better not to resuscitate the genus Cyclodadia.quot; Still, although the same name was used by Goldenberg,� I knownbsp;of no case in which a paleobotanist has referred the figure in the Fossilnbsp;Flora to any other group of stems than those included in Macrostachya andnbsp;Calamitina. Mr. Richard Howse, in his Catalogue of the Fossil Plantsnbsp;from the Hutton Collection,^ in which Cyclodadia major, Macrostachyanbsp;infundihuliforme, Catamites verticillatus, and others are combined with Hip-fnrites gigantea L. and H., describes five stems labeled as Cyclodadia major,nbsp;of which the four specimens not figured are clearly of the Macrostachiannbsp;stem type, all of the five being generically identical, though the one figurednbsp;is very poor.

From the foregoing review it appears (1) that Cyclodadia was the first name to be applied by its authors originally and exclusively to this type ofnbsp;Calamarian remains, and that its generic identity as such has since beennbsp;generally recognized by paleontologists; also (2) that prior to the foundation of either Macrostachya or Calamitina its characters had been describednbsp;and illustrated, and its generic value as representing the Macrostachiannbsp;group of stems had been developed.

�Notes on the Palseozoic species mentioned in Lindley and Hutton�s �Fossil Flora;� Eoy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. x, 1891, p. 371.

� Under these conditions, according to the rules of nomenclature now generally obtaining in both botany and paleontology, Cydocladia shouldnbsp;have priority over Calamitina or any other name proposed since 1834 as anbsp;designation for the stems of this group. It is unfortunately true that convenience, usage, appropriateness of etymology, or even personality, havenbsp;had as much influence on nomenclature in paleobotany as in any othernbsp;allied science.

For the use of a dual nomenclature, such as the employment of Cyclo-cladia for the stems of the Macrostachian or Calamites verticillatus type and Macrostachya or Hiittonia for the fruiting spikes, there is abundant precedentnbsp;in paleobotany, even within the Calamarian family itself.

Stems attaining a width of 10 cm. or more, divided into short internodes, of which about one in eight is occupied exclusively by large scars; fructification or rameal verticils 2.5 to 3.5 cm. distant from border to border,nbsp;consisting of a transverse compact row of rounded or oval disk-like depressions, each 1.5 to 2 cm. in longitudinal diameter and about 1.75 cm. transversely, provided with an inner cicatrice about 5 mm. in diameter; foliatenbsp;nodes 7 to 9 in number between two nodes with large cicatrices, 10 to 3nbsp;mm. distant, the internodes becoming uniformly shorter in passing upward,nbsp;and marked by narrow transverse bands containing the leaf scars; internodalnbsp;surface finely lineate longitudinally; leaf scars transversely oval, not contiguous, 1.5 to 2 mm. in greater diameter, 1 mm. in longitudinal diameter,nbsp;and about 4 mm. from center to center, the central points being punctate ornbsp;slightly mammillate.

The general characters of this species, of which I liave seen but a few fragments, can better be learned from the figure, PI. XLIX, Fig. 1, thannbsp;from a description. Both the figured specimen and another example arenbsp;slightly distorted by pressure. The back of the larger fragment, whichnbsp;shows a portion of a verticil of large scars at the top, preserves the othernbsp;side of the stem. This back ])ortiou has still a third verticil of large scars.

the entire interval and character of the intervening nodes with leaf scars being the same as on the front of the rock.

The aspect of the fossils is much like that of the figures given by Greinitz/Schimper,^ and Lesquereux� as stems of Equisetites or Macrostacliyanbsp;infundibuliformis, though the leaf internodes are shorter and closer. Allnbsp;the cicatrices in the verticils of large scars are of the same size. In thenbsp;nodal system the specimens are more comparable to the Calamites Goeppertinbsp;Ett.quot;¹ (Calamitina Goepperti (Ett.) Weiss�), while the relation to Calamitinanbsp;Solmsii of Weiss� {Macrostacliya Solmsii (Weiss) Schimper�) is even morenbsp;striking. But the leaf scars in our specimens are not so nearly contiguousnbsp;as in G. Solmsii or the M. infundibuliformis of various authors, being, innbsp;part, disposed like those shown in some examples identified as G. varians,nbsp;or the Gyclocladia major figured by O. Feistmantel.�

The carbonaceous covering is rather thick and finely striated longitudinally, though no distinct traces of ribs are present. Eight or nine very short foliate nodes occur between two verticils of large scars. Distinct leafnbsp;traces c.an be seen in portions of the specimens, where they are found to benbsp;transversely oval, the longer diameter being about 1.5 mm., while the punctate or slightly mammillate centers are nearly 4 mm. apart.

In all the verticils of large scars, three consecutive rows of which may be seen on one specimen, the cicatrices are uniform in size, and it thereforenbsp;appears that either all the large scars for three consecutive rameal, ornbsp;strobilar, verticils are of tlie same kind, or that the rameal and cone scars,nbsp;if both present, are alike and of the same size. With respect to the distance between the leaves in the same verticil and the aspect of the largenbsp;scars, our example resembles the Galamites Germarianus Goepp. figured bynbsp;Stur.�

Gyclocladia Brittsii is distinguishable from other species by the very broad and rather distant leaf scars and the short foliar internodes, 7 to 9

'Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. v. Radnitz, 1855, p. 27, pl. i, fig. 34. ^ Steinkohlen-Calamar., vol. i, 1876, p. 127.

of which intervene between two verticils of the large cicatjices, all of the latter being, so far as known, large and equal.

Localities.�Owen�s bank; also one from the same locality loaned by Dr. Britts; still another from Henry County, Missouri, without precisenbsp;locality, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5466.

A good specimen in the i�ecent collections appears to belong to a new species with the above name represented in the manuscript material of Professor Lesquereux, now in my hands for preparation for publication.

Not wishing to anticipate its publication, along with many other interesting forms included in the unpublished work of the distinguished paleo-botanist, I give here the nomen nudum merely as a matter of geological and geographical record.

It is possible that the stems from the same locality referred to Cyclo-cladia may belong to the same plant.

1834. Pinnularia Lindley and Hutton (non Ehrenb.), Fossil Flora Gt. Brit., vol. ii, p. 81, pi. iii.

In noting the occurrence of rootlets of the type commonly known as Pinnularia in the outlying coal basins of southwestern Missouri,^ I tooknbsp;occasion to point out the fact that Lindley and Hutton�s name is objectionable, having been preoccupied by Ehrenberg for a genus of diatoms, manynbsp;species of which have been found fossil. Among the names previouslynbsp;employed to designate such remains, Hydatica and Myriophyllites of Artisnbsp;appear to be either too comprehensive in their scope or too uncertain in

theii� application, unless we include all forms of small ramose roots in the same genus.

It is possible tliat Bliizolitlies, used by Braun,^ linger,^ and Lesque-reux,� might be available for this type of rootlets, though, while there is no doubt as to the generic identity in Lesquereux�s plant, the application of thenbsp;name proposed by Braun is at present equivocal, while Unger�s figure ofnbsp;the specimen from the Dyas leaves us still in uncertainty.

The name Radicites is ])roposed by Potoni� explicitly for this type of roots, and, for the present at least, answers well tlie purpose.

Pinnularia capillacea Lindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. ii, pi. cxi. Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., Lesquereux, in Rogers: Geol. Pennsylvania,nbsp;vol. ii, p. 878, pi. xvii, fig. 22.

Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., von Roehl, Foss. FI. Steiukobl. Westpbaleus, p. 27, pi. i, fig. 7b-, pi. ii, fig. 5a-, pi. iv, figs. 1,11.

Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., O. Feistmantel, Steink. Perm. Abl. n.-w. Prag., p. 72 (pi. i, fig.

Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., O. Feistmantel, Verst, b�fitn. Kolilen-Abl., vol. i, p. 137, pi. xix, figs. 8 ^7!).

Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 647, text fig.

Fucoides filiformie Steiuinger, Geogu. Beschr. Land zw. Saar u. Rheine, p. 36, fig. 1.

Badicites capillacea (L. and H.) Potoni�, FI. Rotlil. Thiiriiigen, p. 261, pi. xxxiv, fig. 2.

There appears to be some lack of agreement as to what shall be included under the specific name in this group. Many authors seem disposed to construe the species named by Lindley and Hutton in a broadnbsp;sense, considering it as inseparable from Hydatica columnaris Artis. Pinnularia columnaris (Artis) Zeiller seems to be much more robust than Badicitesnbsp;capillacea (L. and H.) Pot., with striated divisions more densely providednbsp;with rootlets. I follow the example of Kidston and Potoni� in restrictingnbsp;the species to the type of Pinnularia capillacea L. and H.

^Ueber zwei dyadisclie Pflanzen, N. Jahrb. f. Min., 1863, p. 528, pi. vii. ^ Kept. Geol. Surv. Arkansas, vol. ii, 1862, p. 313, pi. v, fig. 9.

1860. Mhizolithes palmatifidus Les(iuereax, Pept. Geol. Surv. Arkansas, vol. ii, p. 313, pl. V, flg. 9.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mhizolithes palmatifidus Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pl. Ixxv, flg. 9;

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pinnularia palmatifida Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. i, p. 518.

l^he specimens referred to this species are rather larger than that originally illustrated from the coals of Arkansas. The rootlets are thin innbsp;texture and apparently flaccid. They are larger and more la;X than thosenbsp;referred to Radicites capillacea.

SPHENOPHYLLALES.

1822. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;SphenophylUtes Brongniart, M�m. mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 234.

1823. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�otularia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fasc. 2, p. 33: tent, 1825, p. xxxii.

The systematic affinities ot the genus Sphenophyllum are now some-what definitely known through the study of the anatomical characters of the various organs of the plant. Most important among the recent correlations is the recognition on the part of Professor Zeiller of Botvniannites, sonbsp;thoroughly analyzed by the late Professor Williamson, as the fruiting spikenbsp;of Sphenophyllum. In Boivmannites Bawsoni (Will.) Zeiller found the detailsnbsp;obscurely revealed to him in his study of the S. cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill.,nbsp;from the Valenciennes Basin, to which I have previously made reference.^nbsp;As now demonstrated,^ the ovoid or oval sporangia are pluriseriate in each

- E. Zeiller, Sur la coustitution des �pis de fructification du Sphenophyllum cuneifolium: Comp-tes Rendus, vol. cxv, 1892, pp. 141-144. �tude sur la constitution de 1�appareil fruotificatenr des Sphenophyllum: M�m. Soc. G�ol. Pr., Pal�ont., vol. iv, m�m. 11, 1893, pp. 1-39, pis. i-iii.

verticil, each sporangium being supported at the upper end by a pedicel arising from the ventral surface of the bract and curving outward, upward,nbsp;and finally inward to the point of nnion to the sporangium. Each pedicelnbsp;is traversed by a vascular bundle, which is regarded by M. Zeiller as a ventral lobe of the bract, presenting an arrangement analogous to the fertilenbsp;fronds of the Marsileacem or the OphioglossacecB. A similar arrangement isnbsp;described by the same author in Sphemphyllum oblongifolium and 8. gracilis.

Taking into account, then, the structure of the cones, Professor Zeiller would make the Splienophyllece constitute a distinct class among the vascularnbsp;cryptogams,. comparable to the Marsileacem and OpMoglossacem.

It would seem as though the fertile specimens of SphenopJiyllum trichoma-toswm Stur described and illustrated by Mr. Kidston^ might differ in structure from 8. cuneifolium only by the single circle of sporangia, attached, perhaps,nbsp;though not necessarily, by the base to a short pedicel, the position on thenbsp;inner surface of the bracts being the same.

In an earlier reference to the nature of the genus 8pJienophyUwn, I have expressed an inclination to regard it as belonging to the Calamariannbsp;family.^ This view now seems untetiable.

With reference to the systematic position of the genus, I may add that Dr. Potonie, after discussing the details collated by Zeiller, reaches the conclusion^ that the 8phenophyllum should be ranked in the group Pteridales ofnbsp;Prantl, near the 8alvimm. In the genera 8phenophyUum, Trisygia, Salvinia,nbsp;and Azolla, Dr. Potonie would detect a genetic as well as a geologic sequence.

1823, Botularia asplenioicLes Sternberg, Versucli, vol. i, fasc. 2, p. 30, pi. xxvi, figs. 4�-5. 1823. Botularia cuneifolia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fasc. 2, j). 33, pi. xxvi, tigs. ia-b.nbsp;1826. Botularia pusilla Sternberg, Versiicb, vol. i, fasc. 4, tent., p. xxxii.

1826. Botularia polyphylla Sternberg, Versucb, vol. i, fasc. 4, p. 42; tent., p. xxxii, pi. 1, fig. 4.

1828. Botularia dichotoma Germar and Kaulfuss, Nova Acta Acad., O. L. 0. nat. cur,, vol, XV,,pt. 2, p. 226, pi. Ixvi, tig. 4.

iQn the Fructification of Sphenophyllum trichomatosum Stur, from the Yorkshire Coal Field: Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. xi, 1892, pp. 56-62, pi. i.

^Ueber die Stellung der Sphenophyllaceen im System; Ber. d. Deutsch. bot. Gesell., vol. xii, 1894, Hft. 4, pp. 97-100.

1847. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Bunbury, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. iii, p. 430,

1864. Sphenophyllum erosum Ij. and H., Ooemans and Kickx, Monogr. Sphen., p. 149, pi. i, figs. 5a-c.

1869. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H.,Von Eoehl, Foss. FI. Steink. Westphalens, ii. 30, pi. iv. fig. 19.

1869. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Dawson, Acad. GeoL, 3d ed., p. 444, fig. 165c.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 55.

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Weiss, Aus d. FI. d. Steink., pi. x, figs. 57, 57a.nbsp;1888. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Dawson, Geol. Hist. PL, p. 122, fig. 45c.

1891. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Newberry, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. N. H., p. 215,

1848. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum pusillum (Stb.) Sauveur, Veg. loss. terr. liouill. Belg., pi. Ixiv,

1848. Sphenophyllum saxifragwfoUum (Stb.) Coeppert, in Bronn: Index Pal., vol. i,

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum saxifragaifolium (Stb.) Goepp, Geinitz, FI. Hain.-Ebersdorf., p. 37,

1869. Sphenophyllum saxifragcefolium (Stb.) Goepp., von Koehl, Foss. FI. Steink. West-pbalens, p. 31, pi. iv, fig. 17.

1878. Sphenophyllum saxifragmfolium (Stb.) Goepp., Zeiller, Veg. foss. terr. houilL, pi. clxi, figs. 4, 5; text (1879), p. 31 (pars).

1848. Sphenophyllum multifidum Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. houilL Belg., jd. Ixiv, figs. 1, 2. 1852. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn. var. /i dentatum (Brongn.) et var. ^ erosumnbsp;(L. amp; H.) Ettingshauseu, Steiukohlenfl. Stradonitz, p. 6, pL vi, fig. 6.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum Sehlotheimii Brongn. var. fi dentatum (Brongn.) et var. C erosum

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum trifoliatum Lesquereux, Boston Journ. N. H., vol. vi, no. 4, p. 415.nbsp;1858. Sphenophyllum trifoliatum Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 853, jd. i,

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, pi. xx,

1873. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol.

1864. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H. var. saxifragcefolium (Stb.) Ooemans and Kickx, Monogr. Sphen., p. 151, jd. i, figs. Oa-d.

1869. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H. var. saxifragcefolium (Stb.) 0. and K., Schiinper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 342, pi. xxv, figs. 10, 11-14.

1880. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H. var. saxifragcefolium (Stb.) C. and K., Schimper in Zittel: Handb. Paliiont., vol. ii, p. 179, fig. 135,3 4.

1874. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst, bohm. Ablag. vol. i

1874. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn. var. saxifragafolium (Stb.) O. Feistmantel, Verst, bohm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 134, pi. xviii, fig. 4.

1877. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum dichotomum (Germ, and Kaulf.) Ung., Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii,

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum dichotomum (Germ, and Kaulf.) Ung., Star, Calamar. d. Carbon-

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum dichotomum (Germ, and Kauf.) Ung., Toula, Die Steinkoblen, p.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeiller, Y�g. foss. terr. houill., pi. clxi, fig. 1;

1882. Sphenophyllum cuneifolmm (Stb.) Zeill., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 87, pi. xiii, fig. 10.

1886. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeiller, FI. toss, bouill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. Ixiii, figs. 1-3, 6, 7 (3, 4, 5,10, fruit); text (1888), p. 413.

1893. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Ko, 98, p. 36.

1893. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeiller, M�m. Soc. g�ol. Fr., Pal., vol. iv, No.

1894. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Potoni�, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. GeselL,

1896. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Potoni�, K. Jahrb. f. Min., 2d Abth.,

1897. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Potonie, Lehrb. d. Pflanzenpal., p. 176,

1886. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill. var. saxifragcefolium (Stb.) Zeiller, FI.

foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. Ixii, fig. 1; pi. Ixiii, figs. 4, 5, 9, 10; text (1888), p. 413.

1893. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill. var. saxifragcefolium (Stb.) Zeill., D.

1888. An Sphenophyllum (Galamites) Sachsei Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 204, pi. V, fig. 20?

1898. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllostachys Daicsoni (Will.) Seward, Foss. PI., vol. i, p. 400, figs. 107A, G;

This species, represented by the normal form with narrow, concavesided, cuneate leaves and sharp teeth, appears to be well represented in the collections, though the specimens are rather more robust and rigid than innbsp;examples from other regions. Besides the more common form, there arenbsp;certain specimens with leaves a little broader, spreading more, the teethnbsp;seeming not quite so acute, which I have doubtfully referred to S. emargi-nahim Brongn.

As usual in this species, the tips of the leaves are generally buried in the matrix, a circumstance which probably gives rise to the inclusion ofnbsp;Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn. in Professor Lesquereux�s list of thenbsp;Henry County, Missouri, plants.

Specimens with entire oi- dissected leaves are frequently found mingded, the dissection often reaching to near the base of the leaves, approachingnbsp;S. hifurcatum Lx. in appearance, though this latter specjes, found in thenbsp;�conglomerate� or �subconglomerate� coals, I have not seen in anynbsp;material from Missouri. Obscure fragments of cones, probably belongingnbsp;to this species, are found mingled with the specimens of stems and leaves.

To SpliemphyUum cuneifolium doubtless belongs the specimen from Clinton recorded in the Coal Flora^ as S. jiliculnie Lx. In this specimen,nbsp;which was collected by Dr. Britts and was formerly in Professor Lesquereux�snbsp;private collection, and which is now No. 8679 of the Lacoe collection innbsp;the U. S. National Museum, it is clear that the cleavage of the shale hasnbsp;broken away the ends of all except the highest leaves in the verticil, so thatnbsp;the broken edges are all within a single curve, the line of fracture beingnbsp;distinctly oblique to the venation of the leaves. There is no evidence ofnbsp;any inequality in the arrangement of the leaves other than is common innbsp;8. cuneifolium^ while, at the same time, there is no pairing of the four outernbsp;leaves or separation of the two middle ones.

The principal characters of the fruit of this species, so well worked out by Professor Zeiller, are stated in the discussion of the genus.

Localities.�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5454, 5456, 5475?; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5455; also found at Grilkerson�s Ford.

1822. Sphenophillites emarginatus Brongiiiart, Olassif. v�g. foss., p. 234, pi. ii, figs. 8, 9,a-h.

1822. Rotularia marsileccfolia Sternberg, Versnch, vol. i, fasc. 2, p. 33 (pars).

1825. Rotularia marsilecefoUa Sternberg, Versnch, vol. i, tent., p. xxxii (pars).

1828. Rotularia marsilea;folia Sternberg, Bronn, in Bischoff: Kryptogam. Gewiichse, p. 89, pi. xiii, tigs. la-h.

1838. Rotularia marsilecefoUa Sternberg, Presl, Verb. Gesell. Mns. Bohinen, p. 29, pi. ii, figs. 2-4.

1835. Splienopliyllum emarginatum Brongn., Bronn, Leth. Geogn., vol. i, p. 32, pi. vii, lig. 10.

1855. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohl. Sachsen, p. 12 pi. XX, figs. 1-4 (5-7?), (pi. xxxiv, fig. 4 ?).

1864. Sphenophyllum emarginatiim Broiign., Coemans aud Kickx, Monogr. gen. Splien., p. 144, pi. i, fig. 2; (pi. ii figs. 1-3!).

1869. Sphenophyll.um emarginatiim Brongn., vou Roehl, Foss. FI. Steiiikolilenf. West-pbalens, p. 80 (pars), (pi. iv, fig. 12?).

1869. Sphenophyllum emarginatuni Broiign., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 339, (pi. xxv, fig. 18?).

1874. Sphenophyllim emarginatiim Broiign., O. Feistin an tel. Verst, b�hin. Ablag., vol.i, p. 134 (pars), pi. xviii, fig. 5? (non fig. 3).

1876. Sphenophyllum emarginatuni Bvougn., Heer, FI. Foss. Helv., p. 53, pi. xix, fig. 15.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Sphenophyllum emarginatuni Brongn., Heer, Urwelt d. Schweiz., 2d ed., pi. i,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum emarginatiim Brongn., Lesquereux, Ooal Flora, vol. i, ji. 53.

1880. Sphenophyllum emarginatuni Brongn., Schimper, in Zittel; Handb. Paliiont., vol.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sjihenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Geogn., Pal, p. 153,

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenopthyllum emarginatum Brongn,, Sa,porta,a,ud Marion, Evol. r�g. v�g., crypt.,

1881. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Weiss, Aus d. FI. d. Steink., iil. x, fig. 58. 1886. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Sterzel, FI. Rothl. n.-w. Sachsens, p. 23nbsp;(pars), pp. 26, 27, figs. 18 (19?); (pi. xxiii, figs. 2-5?).

1886. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Zeiller, Fl.foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. Ixiv, figs. 3-5; text (1888), p. 409.

1891. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Raciborski, Permokarb. FI., p. 26 (378) (pars).

1893. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Bi�ongn., Zeiller, M�m. Soc. g�ol. Fr., Pal., vol. iv, no. 11, p. 24, pi. ii (iv), figs. 4, 4a.

1898. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. i, p. 407, fig. 109. 1832. Sphenophyllum Sohlotheimii Brongn., Bindley and Hutton, Foss. FI., vol. i, pi.nbsp;xxvii, figs. 1-2.

1848. Sphenophyllum Sehlotheimii Brongn., Sauvmur, V�g. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pi. Ixiv, fig. 3.

1876. Sphenophyllum Sehlotheimii Brongn., Ferd. Roemer. Leth. Geogn., vol. i. Atlas, pi. 1, fig. 6.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum Sehlotheimii Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol.i, p. 52([)ars).

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum Sohlotheimii Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana,

1890. Sphenophyllum Sehlotheimii Brongn., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, 2). 980, text fig.

1841. Sphwiiophyllum Hitchcock, Geol. Massachusetts, vol. ii, p. 542, pi. xxii, fig. 2.

1860. Sphenophyllum OsnahrugenseF.A. Roemer, Beitr. z. Kenntn. n.-w. Harzgeb., ji. 21, 2)1. V, figs. 2a-/).

1864. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn. var. // Brongniartianum Coemans and Kickx, Monogr. gen. Sphen., 2gt;. 144,2)1. i, fig. 3.

1869. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn. var. Brongniartianum O.and K., Scliim2)er, Trait�, vol. i, p. 340, pi. xxv, figs. 15, 10,17.

1869, Sphenopliyllum emarginatum'Brongn.\amp;v. fiBrongniartianum C.and.K.,vou Roelil, Foss. PL Steinkohlenf. Westphalens, p. 30, pi. xxvi, fig. 2; pi. xxxii, flg. 6A.nbsp;1879. Sphenophylhim oimeifolium (Stb.) Zeill., V�g. foss. terr. houill., p. 3 (pars).

J882. All Splienophylhim trimcatum Broiign., Eenault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 87, pi. xiii, figs. 8, 9?

1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;have referred, though in part provisionally, to Sphenopliyllum emargi-natum, a number of specimens in which the large broad leaves, the slightlynbsp;rounded or even faintly cordate apex, the nervation, and the blunt teethnbsp;seen in some cases seem to be characteristic of the species, American representatives of which were first published by Brongniart^ from Wilkesbarre,nbsp;Pennsylvania. Some of these specimens, in which the teeth are brokennbsp;away or buried, probably constituted the basis for the identification andnbsp;enumeration of S. Schlotheimii Brongn. in the list of plants from Missouri.nbsp;But notwithstanding the identification of the common form in Pennsylvanianbsp;by Brongniart, the species is badly confused in our American material.nbsp;The examination of a large number of examples in difFerent collectionsnbsp;shows that in most cases, including the specimens from Missouri in thenbsp;Lacoe collection, and the other collections in the U. S. National Museum, thenbsp;fossils labeled. S. Schlotheimii by Lesquereux ^ have the characters of S.nbsp;emarginatum.

Plants referable to the Palmacites verticillatus of Schlotheim,� the specific name of which Kidston has justly restored, are extremely rare in the American Carboniferous flora, so far as it has yet been made known. This S2:)eciesnbsp;differs greatly from the true S. emarginatum by the rounded, not cordate,nbsp;summit, which, as I interpret the figures, is smooth or slightly crenulate,nbsp;often giving the leaf a narrowly obovate form, while the nerves, 15 to 20 innbsp;number, dichotomize several times from a single original nerve. The common form in Missouri has, on the coittrary, usually but 7 to 15 nervils to thenbsp;leaf, which is not rounded, but, like most of the common representatives ofnbsp;the species from other localities in this country, seems to belong to thenbsp;variety Brongniartianum as figured by Coemans and Kickx^ and others.

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The specimen figured by tMs distinguished and justly honored paleohotanist in the Rept. Geol.nbsp;Surv. Indiana, 1880, p. 374, pi. xliii, flg. 2 (copied by Lesley in Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 980), asnbsp;S. ScMoiheimii belongs with others to the S. emarginatum, while, on the other hand, fig. 3 of the samenbsp;plate (Lesley, op. cit., p. 978) belongs very probably to the group represented by S.filiouhne Lx.

��Monogr.d.geureSpheuophyllumd�Europe; Bull. Acad. Roy. Belgique, (2) vol. xviii, 1864, p. 139, pi. i, fig. 3.

Some of the larger specimens, especially those from the anthracite region, are difficult to distinguish from the form figured by Stur^ as SphenophyUumnbsp;Crepini. Many of the large dissected leaves have the aspect of those figurednbsp;by 0. Feistmantel.^

The structure of the fertile spike of Sphenopliylliim emarginatum has been partly worked out by Zeiller,� who finds the bracts, united at the basenbsp;for a short distance, bearing several verticils of sporangia, the latter probably pedicellate and agreeing in essential details with the better-knownnbsp;species 8. cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill. The cones of 8. emarginatum illustratednbsp;by Zeiller are somewhat larger than tliose of the former species, and do notnbsp;in their supeifficial aspect appear very unlike the more impei�fect specimensnbsp;figured by PresP in 1838 as Rotularia marsilecefolia Stb.

Although it is a species of long duration, 8phenopliyllum emarginatum seems to have been considerably modified in time. And while the earliernbsp;forms in America are generally smaller, the species soon becomes of the sizenbsp;and characters of the variety Brongniartianum, the still later forms beingnbsp;much more lax, proportionately less distinct at the base, and more irregularnbsp;or rounded at the top. A separation of these later forms as varieties, if notnbsp;as species, would, I believe, serve a useful purpose in correlative work, andnbsp;therefore be desirable. Many of the forms figured by Sterzel and Raci-borski^ appear closely related to the 8. Fontaineamim Mill. (8. latifolimnnbsp;F. and W., nec Wood, necque Ren.)

Localities.�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5457; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6137.

1828. Bottilaria major Broun, in Bisohoff: Kryptogiim. Gewiiclise, vol. ii, p. 89, pi. xiii, figs. 2a-b.

1835. Sphenophyllum majus Broun, Leth. Ueogn., vol. i, p. 32, pi. viii, figs. 9a, 95.

1886. Sphenophyllum majus Broun, Zeiller, FI. foss. liouill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. Ixiv, figs. I, la, 2, 2a; text (1888), p. 420.

�FI. foss. bouill. Valenciennes, p. 410, pi. Ixiv, fig. 5. �tude s. 1. constitution d. 1�appareil fruct. d. Sphenophyllum; M�m. Soo. g�ol. Fr., Pal., vol. iv, no. 11,1893, pi. ii, figs. 4,4a.

1893. SphenojjJiylhim majus Broim, D. White, Bull. IJ. S. Geol. Surv., E'o. 98, xJ. 40. 1848. Sphenophylhim muUifidimi Sauveur, Y�g. foss. terr. houill. Belgique, pi. Ixiv,nbsp;figs. 1, 2.

1855. Sphenophylltmi longifoUum (Germ.) Geiu. et Gutb. (non Sauveur), Geiiiitz, Verst.

1809. Sphenophyllum longifoUum (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 340, pi. XXV, fig. 22 (non 23).

1880. Sphenophyllum longifoUum (Germ.) Geiu. et Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 53.

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum longifoUum (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Lesquereux, 13th Eept. Geol.

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sphenophyllum longifoUum (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol.

1855. Sphenophyllum eaxifragwfolium, (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, j). 13, pi. xx, figs. 8, (O'?).

1800. An SphenophylMm latifolimn Wood (uec Font, et White, necque Een. et ZeilL). Trans. Amer. Phil. Soo., vol. xiii, p. 347, pi. viii, fig. 3!

In the discussion of this species from the outlying basins in southwestern Missouri^ I liave stated at length my reasons for accepting Bronn�s name as the proper designation of this form, in preference to the name givennbsp;to the larger form by Germar. The material in the present collections presents a number of fine examples, which I refer to this species, althoughnbsp;they show rather less tendency to dissection than appeared in the others.nbsp;The photographs seen in PI. L, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, an enlargement of whichnbsp;is given in PI. LI, Fig. a, show undersized specimens of this beautiful species. As was remarked in the report above mentioned, the form, not rarenbsp;in America, is quite different from that with long leaves and with nervesnbsp;not confluent at the base and sparsely forking, figured by Schimper,^nbsp;Coemans aiid Kickx,^ Weiss,'* von Roehl,� Renault,� and Renault andnbsp;Zeiller,^ while I have seen but a single specimen, from Ohio, representingnbsp;the type of Germar.� The plant illustrated by Raciborski� under thisnbsp;name would seem to be inore closely related to the S. Fontaineanum Miller.nbsp;Sphenophyllum majus is represented in the Lacoe collection in the U. 8.

^Moiiogr. (1. genre Sphenophyllum, Bull. Acad. Eoy. Belg., (2) vol. xviii, 1864, p. 147, pi. i, fig. 4. Aus der Flora d. Steinkohlenformation, 1881, pi. x, fig. 60.

5 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Foss. FI. Steink.-Form. Westphalens, 1869, p. 31, pi. iv, fig. 14.

6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cours hot. foss, vol. ii, 1882, p. 88, pi. xiii, fig. 18 (from Coemans and Kiokx).

* Isis, 1837, col. 426, pi. ii, fig. 2. Verst. Kohlenf., p. 17, pi. vii, fig. 2. spermokarboniska FI., 1891, p. 29 (381), pi. v, figs. 14,15.

National Museum by a number of specimens from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, labeled S. longifolhm by Pi�ofessor Lesquereux. This type, asnbsp;seen in PL L, Fig. 5, closely resembles the leaves found on the robustnbsp;branches of 8. emarginatum, while, when dissected, the leaves are quitenbsp;suggestive of 8. hifurcatum. The nervation of this specimen, studied bynbsp;Lesquereux, is shown in the photographic eidargement, PL LI.

The presence of two undescribed species with very large leaves in the I^ocono and the Middle Pottsville gives to the large, wide-leafed group anbsp;much greater antiquity than has been supposed.

Localities.�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5462, 5671, 5679, 5680; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5465; Pitcher�s coal bank, �. S. Nat.nbsp;Mus., 5463; Grilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5461.

Stems slender, delicate, branching freely; internodes long in proportion to the width of the axis, the ribs being narrow, distinct, and angular; nodes bnt slightly enlarged; leaves six to the verticil, of equal length, thenbsp;middle pair nearly at a right angle to the stem, the upper and lower pairsnbsp;open and at equal angles to the stem, narrowly obcuneate, 3 to 5 mm.nbsp;long, 1 to 1.75 mm. wide near the top, of rather thin texture, very smallnbsp;at the point of attachment, the lateral margins slightly convex, generallynbsp;divided by a shallow angular or rounded sinus into two obtuse or obtuselynbsp;pointed teeth, but sometimes, in the lower portions of the plant, dividednbsp;into three or fonr teeth of the same type; nervation consisting of onenbsp;slender nerve, simple to one-third or one-half the way up, then forking atnbsp;a moderate angle, each of the two branches entering a tooth, or, wherenbsp;more than two teeth are present, one or both nerves forking again near thenbsp;top of the leaf; fructification unknown.

Among the specimens in the Lacoe collection labeled 8phenopliyllum angustifolium Germ, by Professor Lesquereux, one example. No. 8711, fromnbsp;the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, is so different not only from all thenbsp;remaining specimens under that name, but also from the figures of foreignnbsp;specimens described as characteristic of that type, that I have felt constrained to exclude it from that species and place it under another name,

after searching in vain for a satisfactory place for it among the many existing species.

The plant is of a delicate type, the branches slender and graceful, the internodes relatively long, the ribs narrow, angular, while the segment ofnbsp;a larger stem at the left in Fig 6a, PI. L, is distinctly lineate. While innbsp;its general aspect and especially in the outlines of the leaves onr form,nbsp;which is photographed twice the natural size in PI. LI, resembles the Splieno-pJiyllites angustifolius of Germar,^ the difference in the minor characters, particularly the details of the nervation, as shown in the description and figuresnbsp;of S. angiistifoliiim (Germ.) Goepp. given by Coemans and Kickx,^ Renault,^nbsp;and Weiss,^ or of the var. hijidum Gr. �Eury by Renault,^ in all of which wenbsp;find long, slender, acute-pointed pinnules more deeply dissected and withnbsp;the nerves separate and distinct from the base in the bidentate forms, is toonbsp;great to permit its union under the same name. In fact, the essential characters are probably nearer 8. oblongifolium, especially as that species isnbsp;figured by the same authors,� though in the form of the leaves and theirnbsp;attitude in the verticil it is quite different from that species.

Sphenopliyllum Lesmrianum is not easily confused with the younger species, 8. filiculme Lx., 8. tenuifolium F. and W., or 8. densifoUum F. andnbsp;W., all of which differ by the disposition of the leaves in the verticil, bynbsp;the nervation, and by the margins.

Locality.�Near Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, precise locality not known; Lacoe collection. No. 8711, U. S. Nat. Mus.

1879. Asterophyllites fasdculatus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 2, j)!. ill, figs. 1-4, 4a; text, vol. 1 (1880), p. 41.

Stems 1 to 7 mm. wide, branching freely, dichotomously, or oppositely (I), with about 3 to 6 rounded, obscurely lineate-rugose, hardly striate, non-alternating ribs dilated at the nodes; branches irregular, flexuous, forking

gt; Verst. Steiuk. Wettiu u. L�bej�ii, p. 18, pi. t�, figs. 4-7. Soliimper, Trait�, vol. i, j)!. xx, figs. 1-4. Von Roelil, Foss. FI. Steinkohlenf. Westphalens, pi. iv, fig. 18.

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bull. Soc. Roy. Belg., (2) vol. xviii, 1864, pi. i, figs. la-c.

� Coemans and Kickx, loc. cit., figs. 8a-c. Scbimper, op. cit., 1, p. 343, pi. xxv, figs. 5-9. Renault, op. cit., vol. ii, pi. xiii, figs. 15,16,17. Weiss, op. cit., pi. x, fig. 59.

equally or unequally at a narrow angle, leafy, tapering plumose to the txifted apex; nodes prominent, generally very short, 1 to 6 mm. distant, frequentlynbsp;crowded near the base of the branch, each provided with a verticil ofnbsp;leaves; leaves 6 to 12 in the verticil, united usually in six pairs in the smallernbsp;twigs, the members of each pair being joined for a distance from the base bynbsp;their laminae, or even the pairs joined to one another for a short distance whennbsp;young, and separating with the increased growth of the axis, lanceolate,nbsp;2.5 to 8 mm. long, tapering from near the base to the acute apex, slightlynbsp;carinate, not regularly alteniate from node to node, minutely rugose, oblique,nbsp;or erect when young, at the point of attachment, then curving outward, oftennbsp;more or less reflexed according to age and position, then turning upwardnbsp;and sometimes slightly inward, approaching a semi-uncinate form, somewhat thickened at the slightly constricted base, nearly smooth or obtuselynbsp;carinate on the arching dorsal surface ; median nerves of each pair of leavesnbsp;simple at the base, or distinct and separate, converging to contiguous pointsnbsp;of origin, relatively broad, dorsally lineate-rugose under the lens; strobilinbsp;borne on the branches, 6 to 25 mm. long, 5 to 7 nim. wide, divided intonbsp;nodes about 2 mm. apart, the axis being 1.25 mm. wide, ribbed like thenbsp;branch, each node bearing a verticil of bracts slightly longer than the pre-cedmg leaves, somewhat strongly reflexed, then curving upward at thenbsp;middle and finally turned inward; sporangia slightly oval, the greaternbsp;diameter being a little less than 1 mm.

A number of typical specimens, some of which are from the type locality, bring to our attention new features in this unique and interestingnbsp;species.

The common aspect of the plant is indicated in j)l. iii, fig. 1, of the Coal Flora by Professor Lesquereux, though the habit of the leaves is notnbsp;there shown so well as in our PL L., Figs. 2 and 3. On my first examination of the species I was disposed to regard the dichotomous fasciculatenbsp;specimens as specifically distinct from the form illustrated in fig. 2 of thenbsp;Coal Flora plate. I have seen no other specimen from this region withnbsp;such an aspect of rigidity, which is exaggerated in the figure, and with thenbsp;appearance of opposite branching, except the original of that figure, nownbsp;No. 8292 of the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum.nbsp;This original dilfers, furthermore, from the figure by the inuch more falcatenbsp;character of the leaves, which are more open at the base, then curving

graduall}^ upward and slightly inward, while each joint of the main stem is provided with a verticil of leaves within which the branches have theirnbsp;origin. But, although by this character of the main stem, the internodesnbsp;of which are much longer in proportion to their width than in other specimens, and by the angle and habit of the branches this individual specimennbsp;is so different from all others examined, being in effect very similar tonbsp;Asteropliyllites gracilis Lx., still the characters of the leaves and branches arenbsp;so concordant with those in the dichotomous form that I am not at presentnbsp;prepared to establish any separation of the two, especiall}^ in the absencenbsp;of additional details as to the internal organization or fruit of the latter.

The following remarks, however, pertain entirely to the remaining suite of specimens, all of which are more or less distinctly of the type ofnbsp;fig. 1 of the plate in the Coal Flora.

The stems of the common (dichotomous or fasciculate) type, some of which are nearly 1 cm. in diameter, are usuallj'' more or less flexuous,nbsp;especially the smaller ones, while the delicate twigs are often sinuous andnbsp;plumose, the branching being irregular and not in the same plane. In fact,nbsp;the general aspect of the plant and the more obvious characters of thenbsp;stems of all ranks are so strongly similar to those of the stems andnbsp;branches of common Sphenophylla, such as Sphenophylltim emarginatiminbsp;Brongn., that it is only after a glance at the leaves that one pauses to inquirenbsp;whether it belongs to some other group. The ribs are few, broad, broadlynbsp;rounded or flattened, and separated in the larger segments by a ronndednbsp;furrow. Toward the upper end of the internode each rib is somewhatnbsp;swollen. Confluent with the upper ends of these ribs are the slightlynbsp;thickened bases of the leaves, which are inclined upward as is common innbsp;Splienophylhmij so that just above the node, or within the verticil, the stem isnbsp;reduced in size. These features may be indistinctly seen in PI. L, I�ig. 3.

In the larger and older stems the leaf traces show indistinctly as roundish or transversely oval scars more or less distinctly paired according to the sizenbsp;of the stem. In such advanced stems the leaves are so open that they arenbsp;seldom seen except in profile. However, in the younger portions, andnbsp;pai�ticularly near the ends of the branches, the leaves may often be seen atnbsp;a right angle to their planes, in which cases they are found to be united,nbsp;two by two, for a distance (sometimes nearly one-third of their length),nbsp;while in still other cases the pairs are more narrowly united into what is

pei�haps essentially a slieatli, as shown fragraentai�ily in Fig. 1, PI. L, which represents a portion of No. 8296 of the Lacoe collection, from Henrynbsp;County, identified Professor Lesquereux. This character of the pairing,nbsp;which constitutes bifurcation of the leaves in effect, and which is alsonbsp;illustrated in PI. L, Figs. 2 and 4, and in the enlai�ged details, accentuatingnbsp;the Sphenophylloid nature of the plant, is further accompanied, in somenbsp;cases at least, by a corresponding bifurcation of the single basal nerve, onenbsp;of whose divisions passes to each lobe.^ From the pi'eservation of the oldernbsp;portions of the stems it would seem that these bifurcated (or paii�ed) leavesnbsp;gradually part and become distinct in the older stems, as Potoni� hasnbsp;noticed occasionally in the leaves of Eqidsetites seceformis (Schloth.) Andra,nbsp;and that both forked and simple leaves may occur on the same stem. Innbsp;some cases there appear to be but three leaf pairs on the young twigs, butnbsp;this incomplete observation may be erroneous. The young twigs withnbsp;bifurcated leaves are frequently united with the larger stems, in which, sonbsp;far as I am able to discover, the leaves are separate quite to the base.

Among several fertile spikes attached to the bi�anches of this species I have not yet seen any with the structure illustrated in the Coal Flora,nbsp;though the original of pi. iii, fig. 3, of that work lies before me. All thenbsp;specimens are too pooidy preserved to enable me to discover the mode ofnbsp;attachment or even the normal })lace of the sporangia between the verticils.nbsp;The bracts are more slender and rather longer than the leaves below, andnbsp;are more strongly retlexed before curving outward, iipward, and, finally,nbsp;slightly inward. The sporangia, a number of which are scattered irregularlynbsp;among the verticils in some of the specimens, are slightly oval and nearlynbsp;1 mm. in greater diameter.

As a species of Asterophyllites this form is unique. In its general composition and make-up it is a Splienophyllum. Its habit, the broadly ribbednbsp;stems, the inflated joints, the verticils, which appear to be confluent with thenbsp;upper ends of the ribs, giving the leaves a decurrent effect, the bifurcatednbsp;character of the leaves, at least in the younger stages, all combine to makenbsp;us question whether we are not in reality dealing with a type more nearlynbsp;related to Splienoplvyllum, in which most of the nerves are simple to the basenbsp;of the leaf, so as to allow the lobes to grow apart with the enlargement of

^ In most ca.se8, howevor, both tlie leaves and the nerves appear to he simple, especially in the lower portions of the stems or hranohes.

the axis. Owing to the unfortunate lack of material so preserved as to show the internal structure of the stems, we are left to search for fruiting conesnbsp;in which the arrangement of the sporangia will be discernible. I anticipatenbsp;that the cones will be found to show the characters of Splienophyllum, andnbsp;I have very little hesitation in unequivocally referring it to that genus.nbsp;Should additional material substantiate such a reference it is probable that thenbsp;type of fig. 2 of pi. iii of Coal Flora will be placed in or near AsterophylUtesnbsp;gracilis Lx., or A. grandis Stb., with which in many respects it agrees.

I am not sure whether or not a specimen of A.steropliyllites fasciculatus was the basis of the identification by Lesquereux of Splienophyllmn furcatumnbsp;Lx. in the Missouri flora, but I am inclined to believe that the enrollmentnbsp;of the latter species in the list from Henry County was based by him onnbsp;fragments of 8. emarginatimi Brongn., in which the leaves are sometimesnbsp;dissected nearly to the base. The true 8. hifurcatum, as described from thenbsp;�coal-bearing shales� of Washington County, Arkansas, is quite differentnbsp;from anything I have yet seen from the Missouri Coal Measures, and apparently constitutes a good species of some stratigrapliic value.

Localities.�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5539, 5542, 5622, 5637, 5639, 5675; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5540, 5658; Oilkerson�s Ford,nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mus., 5541; Hobbs�s coal bank, IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5543.

1820. Lepidodendron Sternberg, El. d. Vorw., vol. i, fa.sc. 1, p. 25; tent. (1825), p. x. 1822. Sagenaria Bronguiart, M�m. mus. bist. nat., vol. viii, p. 239.

Of the five species of this genus occurring in the Lower Coal Measures in the region of Henry County, Missouri, two, Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx.nbsp;and L. lanceolatum Lx., belong to older types of the genus, the former having been probably derived from L. Volkmannianum of the culm or somenbsp;related species, while the latter is most intimately connected with the L.nbsp;Sternbergii as identified by Professor Lesquereux from the Pottsville series.

The study of the internal structure of a large number of the species of this genus shows a very great diversity of organization, especially with reference to secondary or exogenous growth, some of the steins or branchesnbsp;presenting only the primary growth, while others contain a very elaborate

and complicated secondary or exogenous development.�^ The examination of the structure of certain dolomitized holsters of LepidopMoios by Dr.nbsp;Potoni^^ shows that the two lateral appendages below the leaf scar in Lepi-dodendron and LepidopMoios are the aerial terminations, beneath greatlynbsp;thinned bolster walls, of strands of thiir-walled parenchyma cells, apparentlynbsp;with intercellular spaces. These strands or ducts, whose functioir isnbsp;regarded by Potoni� as transpiratory, pass through the leaf scar by way ofnbsp;the lateral cicatricules and correspond witli the two similar tracts found bynbsp;Felix� in the cross section of the leaf of Lepidodendron selaginoides. Potoni�nbsp;follows Stur^ in designating the trace on the bolster above the leaf scar innbsp;the Lepidodendrem as the �ligular pit,� on accoirnt of its supposed homol-ogy with the ligule of the recent Selaginella. The propriety of this correlation has, however, been doubted by a number of paleobotanists, amongnbsp;whom is Mr. Kidston.�

1879. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 11, pi. Ixiii, ttgs. 1,2; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 368.

1883. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lesquereux, 13th Eept. G-eol. Surv. ludiaua, 2, pi. xvii, figs. 4, 4amp;.

1889. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Peimsylvaiiia, vol. i, p. 313, 2 text figs.

Stems of considerable size, slightly rigid, freely branching at a rather narrow angle in both equal and unequal dichotomies, the branches becoming slender, tapering slowly, flexuous, and plumose; bolsters contiguous,nbsp;rhomboidal-oval, acute both above and below, sometimes nearly one-half asnbsp;broad as long in the old stems, but generally fusiform, verj^ slender, the

1 Detailed descriptions of the structure of a number of species may be found in the series of memoirs published in tlie Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, by the late Prof. W. C.nbsp;Williamson, or in the painstaking studies of Professors Renault and Bertrand. A very short r�sum�nbsp;relating to the development of the Lepidodendroid stem was given by the author in Science, 1896, vol.nbsp;iii, pp. 754-759.

^Anatomie der beiden �Male� auf dem unteren Waugenpaar und der beiden Seitenniirbehen der Blattnarbe des Lepidodeudreen-Blattpolsters: Ber. d. deutsch. bot. GeselL, vol. xi, 1893, Hft. 5,nbsp;pp. 319-326, pi. xiv.

^ Untersuchungen iiber den inuereu Ban Westfiilischer Carbon-Pflanzen: Abb. d. k. Preuss. Geol. Laudesanst., vol. vii, 1886, Hft. 3, pi. ii, flg. 3.

��Die Culm-Flora d. Ostrauer u. Waldenburger Schichten; Abh. d. k.-k. Geol. Reichanst., vol. viii, 1877, Hft. 2, p. 327 (231), pi. xxxvi (xix), fig. 1.

length being more than ten times the breadth, tapering to very slender, flexuous tips in moderate relief, convex, the lower half and the upper portion abovenbsp;the foliar cicatrice distinctly marked by irregular, rather coarse transversenbsp;corrugations; leaf cicatrices a short distance above the middle of thenbsp;bolsters, moderately protuberant, broad, crescentic, very narrow vertically,nbsp;concave-convex upward in plan, the upper margin round-convex, slightlynbsp;mucronate at the top in correspondence with the base of the midrib, thenbsp;lower margin concave, forming an impei'fect arc of from 130� to 160�;nbsp;ligular trace obscure, mammillate, close above the leaf cicatrice; appendages oblong, close on either side of the base of the midrib, and inclinednbsp;somewhat outward; leaves thin, linear-lanceolate, tapering from near thenbsp;broad base, which is nearly the whole width of the bolster, to the slendernbsp;acuminate apex, 10 to 60 mm. or more in length, thin, ventrally concavenbsp;at the base, which is open, or often reflexed, then outward curved, generallynbsp;turning upward, giving a plumose aspect to the slender twigs, and oftennbsp;adhering to stems of considerable size; midrib distinct, rather narrow,nbsp;dorsally round, diminishing gradually to the apex.

This well-marked representative of an ancient group is excellently represented among the abundant material collected by Mr. Van Ingen from Hobbs�s mine, where it is especially common. This is perhaps the typenbsp;locality. The mine from which the originals described by Professor Les-quereux were obtained is not stated. It is certain that all the specimensnbsp;came from the vicinity of Clinton. The distinct, irregular, transversenbsp;wrinkles, which ornament the rounded sui�face of the bolster both belownbsp;and above the leaf, and which constitute the most conspicuous specific character, as will be seen in PI. LII, Fig. 3, are present and observable in evennbsp;the small twigs. The bolsters are usually very slender and acuminate,nbsp;though often broadened somewhat, approaching nearer the L. Volkmannianumnbsp;in the older stems. In the form of the leaf sqar, also, it shows its relationnbsp;to the latter species, for, instead of being �transversely oval� as originallynbsp;described and figured,^ they are more or less regularly crescentic, the hornsnbsp;of the crescent reaching nearly to the sides a little above the middle of thenbsp;bolsters. The upper convex border of the scar generally forms a sweepingnbsp;curve of about 160�, with a slight interruption of the line over the vascularnbsp;scar. The latter often forms a narrow keel, especially in the older branches,

or where the bases of the leaves are reflexed or compressed downward. Sometimes, however, it is nearly even, or appears I�arely slightly emarginate,nbsp;in which case the profile of the vascular trace stands out more strongly innbsp;the arch of the inward curve that marks the attachment of the lower sidenbsp;of the leaf. Frequently, where the leaf bases were directed upward, thenbsp;compressed specimens show both edges of the scar as fairly even curves.nbsp;The latter are always very close, so that the broken epidermis of the uppernbsp;and lower surface of the leaf appears as a single line on the outer sidesnbsp;beyond the appendages. Even in the central portion of the scar I have notnbsp;been able to find more than a very small transversely rliomboidal trace, suchnbsp;as is seen in PI. LIII, Fig. la, the vertical diameter of which seems to benbsp;no more than that of the midrib of the leaf In all the specimens of thisnbsp;easily distinguished species, including the types and other specimens fromnbsp;Henry County, Missouri, identified by Professor Lesquereux and now innbsp;the Lacoe collection, the leaf scar is of the same form. The examinationnbsp;of the original of fig. 1, pi. Ixiii of the Coal Flora, shows clearly the crescentic line, which describes a rather larger arc than is indicated in fig. la.nbsp;The latter figure, too, conveys a better idea of the transverse corrugationsnbsp;which diminish and vanish some distance below the leaf scar. Although innbsp;portions of the originals and in many of the specimens collected later thenbsp;epidermis of the bolster is excellently preserved, I have not been able tonbsp;discover in a single bolster a line of separation or epidermal fracture whichnbsp;can be construed as marking a lower border of the leaf scar. The somewhatnbsp;indefinite lines marked in portions of fig. 2, loc. cit., are merely conventionalized and extended from the ujjpermost, short, faint, corrugations of thenbsp;lower field. Here, too, a similar liberty is taken in introducing a centralnbsp;point in several of the supposed leaf scars, though generally only the twonbsp;subcicatricial appendages are shown. The appendages are made to comenbsp;within the scar by the false lower boundary of the latter. These featuresnbsp;are not introduced in figs. 1, la, and Ih, of the Coal Flora, unless the singularnbsp;curved line in fig. Ih may be so interpreted. On the other hand, in most ofnbsp;the fragments, including some of considerable size, in which the leaves arenbsp;preserved still in union with the bolsters, the union of the lower surface ofnbsp;the leaf to the bolster is clearly seen to be along the upward-arching linenbsp;described above. The true position and attitude of the oval or oblongnbsp;respiratory appendages are shown in the lowest bolster in fig. la.

Usually when the base of the leaf is not inclined somewhat downward in the fossil state, the base of the midrib is expressed as a low, roundednbsp;ridge vanishing quickly in passing a short distance downward from thenbsp;base of the leaf scar. This feature, which is indicated in fig. 1amp;, loc. cit., isnbsp;well shown in our Fig. 2, PI. LII, or Fig. la, PI. LIV. The respiratorynbsp;appendages generally lie rather close to the vascular scar and have beennbsp;drawn conventionally in the Coal Flora as the lateral mammillge of the leafnbsp;scar. In none of the specimens, including those studied by Professornbsp;Lesquereux, have I been able to discover these lateral traces within thenbsp;leaf scar. This is probably on account of the very close proximity of thenbsp;broken carbonized upper and lower boundaries of the leaf cicatrix.

The �ligular scar� is not generally apparent in the average specimens, but may frequently be found by a careful search of the bolsters on which thenbsp;epidermis is well preserved. In No. 5489 of the Lacoe collection,�^ in whichnbsp;the bolsters were drawn downward in the process of fossilization, the leafnbsp;scars being consequently somewhat straightened, we find it clearly preservednbsp;a little over .5 mm. above the leaf scar as a minute mammilla in a slight depression. Any other appendicular markings or generic characters are eithernbsp;wanting or they are obscured by the transverse wrinkles in the upper field.

An example of the smaller and more slender leafy twigs is shown in PI. LII, Fig. 1, while a fragment of a more I�obust branchlet is illustratednbsp;in PI. LIV, Fig. 1. Branches of this size strongly resemble in their general aspect tlie corresponding portions of Lepidodendron Haidingeri Ett.nbsp;or L. lanceolatum Lx. The leaves are thin, concave beneath at the base,nbsp;near which they are usually bent backward moi�e or less before curvingnbsp;outward or upward. Frequently in the larger bi'anches, like that photographed in PI. LIU, Fig. 1, the slender tapering tips are hardly so high asnbsp;the bases. Occasionally tliey are found adhering to stems of considerablenbsp;size, such as that shown in fig. 2, pi. Ixiii, of the Coal Flora.

It would be very interesting to know the strobili of this species. It is possible that Lepidophyllum or Lepidostrobus Jenneyi, which is not rare innbsp;these beds, may belong to the branches in hand. The facts that each is thenbsp;most abundant representative of its respective genus here, and that neithernbsp;has, so far as I know definitely, been found elsewhere, warrant a suspicionnbsp;that they may be portions of the same tree.

Lepidoclendron Brittsii is easily distinguished from all other species of this genus, except L. Wortheni and L. Volkmannianum, by its generallynbsp;elongated, fusiform bolsters, which are rounded and transversely corrugated, and by its thin crescentic leaf scars. The narrow form of its leafnbsp;scars and its more acute bolsters separate it from the older species. Thenbsp;chief distinctions between it and L. Wortheni, as figured by Lesquereux,^nbsp;seem to lie in the much broader, more oval leaf scars of the latter, and thenbsp;continuation of the distinct corrugation up to the base of the leaf. Unfortunately I have seen no really good representative of the Illinois species fornbsp;comparison. Professor Zeiller has, however, figured two specimens from thenbsp;Valenciennes Basin,^ in which the details as well as the general appearancenbsp;are strikingly similar to L. Brittsii. In fact, whatever may be its relationnbsp;to L. Wortheni, the branch on the right in fig. 1, pi. Ixxi, of the Valenciennesnbsp;Flora is perhaps nearer in its characters to that of L. Brittsii, shown in ournbsp;PI. LIU, Fig. 1, than many of the fragments referred by various authors tonbsp;the same species. While there can be no doubt of the very close relationnbsp;of the two plants, the more truncate bolsters in the latter species, the highernbsp;place of the leaf scar in the bolster, the less coiispicuous nerve scar, and thenbsp;apparently longer leaves, seem to furnish characters ample for a difiFerentia-tion of varietal if not specific rank. From L. Cliftonense Du.�our speciesnbsp;may at once be distinguished by the distinctly diamond-shaped leaf scarsnbsp;of the former, whose twigs are larger, the leaves being several times as long.

Localities.�Pitcher�s mine, �. S. Nat. Mus., 5640, 6042; Deepwater mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6040; Hobbs�s mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6039.

1879. Lepidodendron lanceolatum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 11, j)!. Ixiii, �gs. 3-5, 5a; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 369.

1887. Lepidodendron lanceolatum Lesquereux, Kidston, Foss. FI. Eadstock Ser., j). 394, pi. xxvii, fig. 5; pl. xxviii, figs. 3, 4.

1884. Lepidodendron {Bergeria) marginatum Presl, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 784 (pars); pl. cvii, fig. 3.

�Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, 1866, pl. xlix, figs. 4, 5, p. 452. Copied in Atlas to Coal Flora, 1879, pl. Ixiv, figs. 8,9, p. 388.

^Fl, foss. fiassiu houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, 1886, pl. Ixxi, figs. 1, 2, p. 467.

^ Bull. Geol. Soo. Am., vol. ii, 1890, p. 533, pl. xxii, figs. 5-8; pl. xxi, fig. 4.

Trunks of moderate size; brandies somewhat rig-id, forking rather infrequently; leaves slender, erect at the point of attachment, curved outward near the base, very open, straight or turned slightly upward towardnbsp;the tips, narrow, tapering gradually to the very slender point; bolstersnbsp;rhomboidal or rhoniboidal-oval, acuminate at the ends, nearly symmetrical,nbsp;the lower portion from the leaf downward consisting of a diamond-shaped ornbsp;rhomboidal-clypeate surface, tlie upper borders nearly straight, the lateralnbsp;angles usually well marked, the lower margins generallv verv slightly concave, the longer axis traversed throughout by a low, narrow keel, high atnbsp;the upper end where it joins the midrib, very distinct throughout, and risingnbsp;slightly toward its union in the somewhat protruding angle at the base ofnbsp;the leaf; foliar cicatrices more than halfway from the middle to the topnbsp;of the bolster, extremely naiTow vertically, angular, small, apparently narrowly triangular in the vertical sense, and usually obscure; respiratorynbsp;appendages close to the midrib, oblong, and usually obscure.

Among the collections in hand there is but a single good fragment of this rare species, which is hardly known from any other locality in thenbsp;United States. The specimen, PI. LIII, Fig. 2, from Dr. Britts�s collectionnbsp;agrees in all its details with others identified by Professor Lesquereux innbsp;the Lacoe collection, differing oidy in the better preservation of its bolsters.nbsp;The latter, as is shown in Fig. 2a, are of the type more familiar in Lepido-dendron Sternhergii or L. lycopodioides. The general form of the bolsters isnbsp;rhombic, acute, and nearly bilaterally symmetrical. The conspicuous feature is, however, the diamond-shaped, slightly raised dorsal shield, whichnbsp;stands slightly in relief, especially at the slightly outward-curved upper end.nbsp;As a whole the aspect of the shield is suggestive of L. opldurus, althoughnbsp;the lateral angles are more pronounced than in that species, while the nearlynbsp;straight upper margins converge to an acute point which seems to invest thenbsp;lower boundary of the narrow leaf scar. In most cases the apex of thisnbsp;shield is broken, and the effect is a somewhat irregular, usually concavenbsp;fracture, like that seen in fig. 5 on pi. Ixiii of the Coal Flora. Where preserved, however, it usually shows little evidence of a leaf scar except a verynbsp;small deltoid area of broken carbonaceous matter at the upper end of thenbsp;keel, with short lateral lines which are continuous with the upper marginsnbsp;of the shield. Fig. 5a, in the above-mentioned plate, shows the scar extending downward, erroneously in my judgment. The midrib of the leaf.

which seems continuous with the keel of the holster, is sometimes slightly compressed at the point of attachment, so as to convey the idea of a small,nbsp;flat, triangular area somewhat like that figured, but I have not yet seen anynbsp;distinct cicatricial evidence connected with it. Usually, on the other hand,nbsp;the keel passes to the point, as seen in our figure, so that the vertical widthnbsp;of the scar is not much greater than in Lepidoclendron lycopodioides. Itnbsp;differs from the latter, however, by the straight or nearly straight sidesnbsp;forming an angle. The surface of the shield is divided from apex to basenbsp;by the medial narrow keel, Avhich is distinct, though low. The lower lateralnbsp;margins of the bolster are slightly raised and separated from the nearestnbsp;field of the next bolster by a narrow zone in which is occasionally seen thenbsp;narrow, faintly depressed line of the suture of the bolsters.

The two halves of each shield are generally slightly concave, perhaps on account of the constantly raised upper end of the keel. The latter innbsp;the decorticated or abraded specimens is marked by a rounded apex, in thenbsp;center of which is a pore corresponding to the passage of the vascularnbsp;strand. This condition 1 find in Nos. 5461-5464 of the Lacoe collection,nbsp;which come from the same locality and were labeled as Lepidodendron (Ber-geria) marginatum Presl by Professor Lesquereux. I fail to find the slightestnbsp;reason for separating from Lepidodendron lanceolatum either these specimensnbsp;or No. 5460 from the same vicinity, Avhich is illustrated in fig. 3 on pi. cvii ofnbsp;the Coal Flora. Apparently the last-mentioned specimen is but the Bergerianbsp;condition of the species with which we are engaged.

All the examples labeled as the former species are older and larger stems with larger bolsters. Most of the fragments referred to the latternbsp;species are smaller branches and twigs. The leaves in all the fragmentsnbsp;before me are slender and taper from near the base to an acute point. Atnbsp;the base they are directed upward, but a little higher they are flexed outward at a very open angle, from which they pass with a slight upwardnbsp;turn, or often straight, to the apex. Most of them are at an angle of 70�nbsp;or more to the axis of the branch or twig. The central zone is frequentlynbsp;concave on the ventral surface, while the margins are slightly turned backward. The slender midi'ib usually forms a very narrow, low, round keelnbsp;on the dorsal surface, and meets the apex of the keel on the shield of thenbsp;bolster. The oblong respiratory appendages, which are occasionally seen,nbsp;lie close to the apex of the keel and are but slightly outward inclined.

111 liis admirable memoir on the flora of the Radstock series Mr. Kidston figures^ and describes stem, twig, and cone fragments which henbsp;regards as belonging to L. lanceolatum. The aspect of the larger fragmentnbsp;and its bolsters, shown in fig. 3, pi. xxviii, of his memoir, is very close tonbsp;that of our species, and perhaps really represents it, though from his figurenbsp;it would appear that the shields are rather less distinctly diamond shaped.nbsp;As in the American specimens, the leaf scars are obscure. The largernbsp;twigs, fig. 4, which he refers to the same species, have much shorter andnbsp;blunter subfalcate leaves, while the leaves of the cone-bearing branchlet,nbsp;represented in fig. 5 of pi. xxvii, are very small, crowded, and upwardnbsp;curved. These twigs seem to sustain a much closer relation to a formnbsp;known in Professor Lesquereux�s works as Lepidodendron Sternbergii. Innbsp;fact, to judge by the figures on Kidston�s pi. xxviii, ft seems to me probablenbsp;that the Radstock plant Would have been labeled by Lesquereux under thenbsp;latter name. The small twig on Kidston�s pi. xxvii would also seem tonbsp;deserve comparison with the Lepidodendron Sternbergii of Lesquereux or thenbsp;L. lycopodioides of Europe. However, the recognized danger of identifyingnbsp;species of this genus from figures and too brief descriptions becomes doublynbsp;great when the characters of the leaf scar are so little known.

Lepidodendron lanceolatum is not difficult of distinction from the other species of the flora from the Henry County region. It is easily separatednbsp;from L. Brittsii Lx. by the smooth carinate shield below the leaf scars andnbsp;the more slender leaves. L. scutatum Lx. has well-developed leaf scarsnbsp;placed lower in the shorter bolsters, which have fretted keels, while the leavesnbsp;of the latter species are shorter, closer, more rigid, and are curved outwardnbsp;and upward. Lepidodendron Sternbergii (as interpreted by Lesquereux),nbsp;to some of whose forms L. lanceolatum is most closely related and fromnbsp;which our plant is probably derived, has its bolsters less angular at thenbsp;sides, the leaves being shorter, tapering less, and distinctly more or lessnbsp;subfalcate.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal mine. No. 377 of Dr. Britts�s private collection. The specimens Nos. 5580-5583 of the Lacoe collection come from the same place or vicinity from which apparently come Nos. 5460-5465nbsp;Lacoe collection, labeled L. marginatum Presl.

'Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, 1887, p. 394, pi. xxvii, fig. 5; pi. xxviii, figs. 3,4.

1820. Lepidodendron rimosum Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 1, pp. 21, 23, pl. x, fig 1; tent. (1826), pl. xi.

1848. Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. bonill. Belg., pl. Ixii, flg. 1. 1806. Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Dawson, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Lond., vol. xxii,nbsp;pl. ix, fig. 42.

1869. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Von Eoebl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 132,

1870. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Sctiiinper, Trait�, vol. ii, p. 33, pl. lx, flg. 8.

1879. Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 12, pl. Ixiv, flg. 11; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 392.

1881. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Weiss, Ans d. Fl. d. Steink., p. 7, pl. iv, fig. 28.

1882. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Eenault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 15, pl. v,

1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tjepidodendron rimosum Stb., Lesquereux, 13th Anu.Eept. Geol. Surv. Indiana,

1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Tjepidodendron rimosum Stb., Kidston, Ann. Mag. Hat. Hist., (5) vol. xiv,

1886. Tjepidodendron rimosum Stb., Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin liouill. Valencietines, Atlas, pl. Ixvii, figs. 4, 5, 5a; text (1888), p. 449.

1889. Lepidodendron rimosum Stb., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 321, text fig.

1838. Sagenaria rimosa (Stb.) Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, fase. 7 and 8, ]gt;. 180, ])1. Ixviii, flg. 15.

1855. Sagenaria rimosa (Stb.) Presl, Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 35, pl. iii, fig. 13 (non pl. ii, figs. 1, 3, 4; pl. iii, fig. 15; pl. x, flg. 2).

1859. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sagenaria rimosa (Stb.) Presl, Eichwald, Lethiea Eoss., vol. i, Atlas, p. 1, pl. vii,

1875. Sagenaria rimosa (Stb.) Presl, O. Feistmantel, Verst. b�hm. Kolden.-Ablag., vol. ii, p. 36 (pars), pl. xix, flg. 1.

1848. Tjepidodendron dissitum Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. Ixi, flg. 6 (pl. lix, flg. 3 f).

1860. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Lepidodendron dioroeheilus Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Soi. Phila., vol. xii, p. 239,

1866. Lepidodendron dicrooheilum Wood, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xiii, p. 346, pl. ix, figs. 6, 6a.

Among the numerous fragments of Lepidodendron recently collected one clearly belongs to this well-marked type. This specimen, as will benbsp;seen in Pl. LIV, Fig. 3, repi'esents the impression of the cortex of a stemnbsp;that seems to be in a Ulodendroid condition. The bolsters, the details ofnbsp;which are shown in Pl. LIV, Fig. 3�, are, even for this species, very slender.

tapering into long, slender, filamentous tips that are lost in the meshes of the cortex. The leaf scars situated just above the middle of the bolsters arenbsp;about one-half of the width of the bolsters, rhomboidal, the vertical andnbsp;lateral diagonals being nearly equal. The upper margins, which are a littlenbsp;longer than the lower, are sometimes slightly concave, the upper, slightlynbsp;acute angle, being round or obscurely and narrowly emarginate, while thenbsp;lower margins are nearly at a right angle, the lateral and lower anglesnbsp;being slightly rounded. A little above the leaf scar the ligular scar cannbsp;sometimes be seen The three cicatricules within the leaf scar lie at thenbsp;same level, distinctly below the middle of the scar, the vascular cicatrixnbsp;being punctiform or slightly V-shaped, while the respiratory traces arenbsp;round-oval or oval, the lower ends inclined slightly inward. Traces ofnbsp;respiratory appendages are not seen.

A prominent feature of the fragment of stem, which seems wide in proportion to the size of the bolsters, is the loosely and irregularly meshednbsp;surface lines traversing the broad border. These lines, which are irregularnbsp;in interval and uneven in direction, mark the impressions of the bark asnbsp;sharp, nearly longitudinal, ridges. Although at first glance they appear tonbsp;lie in a general direction of parallelism to the borders of the bolsters, theynbsp;may readily be seen to consist of two oblique systems of ridges crossing atnbsp;a very acute angle. Thus, many of those from the upper margins of eachnbsp;bolster appear to pass obliquely to the lower margins of the proximatenbsp;bolsters, higher on either side as is seen in Fig. 3a. The irregularity of thenbsp;size of the meshes is largely due to tlie variation in the distance between thenbsp;ridges and the somewhat irregular lines, combined with the interruptionsnbsp;caused by the very long apices of the bolsters.

Another specimen, said to have come from Clinton, Missouri, is illustrated in PI. LTV, Fig. 4. This fragment. No. 5280 of the Lacoe collection, was identified as Lepidodendron riniosum by Professor Lesquereux. Thisnbsp;impression in sandstone shows well the aspect of the bolsters and meshes ofnbsp;the cortex, and the low keels in the lower and upper fields. No transversenbsp;lines mark the cauda. The photograph leaves nothing to add. as to the leafnbsp;scars, which are imperfect and without satisfactory details.

The form represented by tliese two specimens appears to merit a varietal differentiation. The new variety retocorticatwn may therefore benbsp;distinguished by the narrow bolsters, the proportionately � greater altitude

of the leaf scars, the low position of the interior cicatrices, the absence of transverse ridges in the canda, and especially by the netted surface of thenbsp;broad border. The habit of the two oblique systems of cortical ridges isnbsp;suggestive of Sigillaria camptotcBnia Wood. The normal species is generallynbsp;represented as having the margin sti-iated parallel to the sides of the bolsters,nbsp;the apices of the bolsters less attenuated, the foliar cicatrices proportionatelynbsp;broader and more obtuse at the base.

Localities.�The smaller specimen is probably from Owen�s mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6043; the other. No. 5280 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat.nbsp;Mus., is said to have come from the same vicinity.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron scutatum Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 11, pi. Ixiii, figs. 6,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidodendron setifolium Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 370.

But little that is definite is known of this species, the types of which were communicated to Professor Lesquereux by Dr. J. H. Britts. Thenbsp;largest of the types shown by Lesquereux, in fig. 6, pi. Ixiii, of the Coal Flora,nbsp;is now No. 5448 of the Lacoe collection. The original figure shows thenbsp;general form of the bolsters, the position of the leaf scar, and the aspect ofnbsp;the vanishing cauda with its slight transverse grooves. It also gives a correct impression of the aspect of the cicatricial portion in many of thenbsp;bolsters. While, however, the bolster shows in most instances an irregularnbsp;conchoid, roundish, mutilated or torn spot in place of the leaf scar, as seennbsp;in the illustration, there are a number of cushions in which the lower andnbsp;lateral angles of what appear to be transversely rhomboidal leaf scars arenbsp;seen. Traces of oval appendages are also visible at a little distance onnbsp;either side of the lower rounded angle. On the other hand, I have observednbsp;no distinct supracortical evidence to warrant the detail delineated in fig. 6anbsp;of the same plate. The same fragment of shale shows another section ofnbsp;stem, agreeing in every detail of size and character, and apparently, fromnbsp;its position and proximity, constituting the other branch in an equalnbsp;dichotomy. The counterpart of this is No. 5600 of the Lacoe collection.

without details, by Professor Lesquereux is aaot known to me. My identification, therefore, of the more recently collected material with Lepidoden-dron scutatwn is not without doubt, since it is based much more on the high degree of.agreement of the newer specimens with those two figures thannbsp;on the characters of the type of fig. 6. In fact, it will be seen that thenbsp;specimens in the later collections can hardly be of the same species as thenbsp;latter type. Yet, being far from certain that they are not specificallynbsp;identical with the figs. 6amp; and 6c in the Coal Flora, I have assumed thatnbsp;Professor Lesquereux may have included two distinct plants in L. scutatum,nbsp;and that the material in hand belongs with figs. Qh and 6c, on pi. Ixiii, ofnbsp;his great work. It may in fact have come from the same locality. Nevertheless, while I refer all the stems and branches to the same specific division,nbsp;I trust that the figures and following description of the recently collectednbsp;material will be sufficient both to enable geologists to recognize the plantnbsp;on meeting it, and also to serve as a line of differentiation, if it is ultimatelynbsp;found desirable to divide the material placed at present under the abovenbsp;name.

Stems rather small, branching freely at a narrow angle; branches and hranchlets generally straight, rigid, and robust, the smaller ones rather thickly set with leaves;nbsp;bolsters small, close, rhomboidal or rhomboidal-oval, 4 to 12 times as long as wide, acutenbsp;or acuminate at the end, sometimes foreshortened by pressure, the lateral angles wellnbsp;rounded, marked by a low, narrow carinate and generally inconspicuous cauda, whichnbsp;extends from the lower angle nearly up to the leaf scar, and a few quite obscure, short,nbsp;transverse frets in the lower portion; foliar cicatrices in the upper part of the bolsters,nbsp;placed so that the lower angle frequently reaches the middle of the bolster, rathernbsp;more than one-half the width of the latter, slightly protruding, transversely rhomboidal, the upper margins usually a very little longer than the lower and very slightlynbsp;concave, the lower borders nearly straight, the upper angle rounded, the lateral acutenbsp;angles blunt or slightly rounded in the twigs, the lower angle well rounded; traus-piratory vents, a short distance on either side of the median line, oval and generallynbsp;quite obscure; vascular trace punctiform, situated a little way below the middle of thenbsp;scar; lateral cicatricules rather close, punctiform or vertically oval and small; ligularnbsp;scar punctiform in a V-shaped depression a short distance above the apex of the leafnbsp;scar; leaves close, 12 to 35 mm. long, open at the base, arching outward and curvingnbsp;upward, very narrow, tapering to an acuminate, nearly erect tip, somewhat angularnbsp;on the dorsal surface, often markedly so; midrib threadlike, in rounded relief on thenbsp;dorsal surface; lateral grooves usually slightly marked ou the dorsal surface.

The fragment of stem shown on PI. LV, Fig. 2, with the detail (PL LIV, Fig. 5), is a good example of the larger portions of stem seen, while the

leafy branch shown in PL LXXII, Fig. 4, is rather more slender and sparsely leaved than the average specimen. The good suite of fragments is very uniform in the specific characters, there being hardly any variations except innbsp;the ends of the bolsters, which are sometimes deformed or foreshortened bynbsp;pressure, or the slight inward or outward curve of the borders of the leafnbsp;scar. Prevailingly, however, the upper borders are very slightly concave,nbsp;while the lower are nearly straight or very slightly convex. The ligularnbsp;mammilla is in a small triangular depression on the imperfectly developednbsp;keel in the upper field, while still higher in a few specimens may be seennbsp;another small deltoid area. The largest of the fragments present is not morenbsp;than 5 cm. in diameter. The ramose luibit of the species is shown innbsp;PL LV, Fig. 1.

ddie specimens described above bear the closest relation in the details of the bolsters and leaf scars to certain material from the Appalachiannbsp;region referred by Professor Lesquereux to Lepidodendron dichotomuni Stb.nbsp;It even seems probable that they should be combined under tlie same name,nbsp;as may eventually be done. But since the specimens included under thenbsp;latter name appear to represent branches of several species involving� thenbsp;tliorough revision of that and several other related species, time and spacenbsp;necessitate the postponement of this difficult task to a future work. As hasnbsp;been noted above, the reference of tlie material to L. scutatum rests on thenbsp;apparent agreement with the meager description and figures of the twonbsp;small branch fragments given by Professor Lesquereux. I am inclined tonbsp;regard it as specifically distinct from the larger fragment illustrated in thenbsp;Coal Flora, to which the name Lepidodendron scutatum slioidd probablynbsp;adhere. Eventually the systematic relation and nomenclature of the formnbsp;before us should be treated in connection with the revision of the Americannbsp;material now resting under Lepidodendron dichotomuni Stb.

The species described above is easily separated from the other species of Lepidodendron found in the Henry County region by the shorter bolsters,nbsp;the imperfect, transversely marked cauda, the well-developed ti�ipunctatenbsp;leaf scars, much broader vei�tically than in the species previously discussed,nbsp;and the still more slender, often carinate leaves.

Localities.�Owen�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6045, 6046; Pitcher�s mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6044, 6074; Gilkerson�s Ford, Township of Clinton,nbsp;U. F). Nat. Mus., 6117.

1854. Lepidodendron clypeatum Lesquereux, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. vi, p. 429. 1858. Lepidodendron clypeatum Lesquereux, iu H. D. Hogers: Geol. Penusylvauia,nbsp;vol. ii, 2, p. 875, pl. xv, flg. 5; pl. xvi, flg. 7.

1879. Lepidodendron clypeatum Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 12, pl. Ixiv, tigs, 16, 1C 0-5 (non tigs. 17, 18); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 380.

1889. Lepidodendron clypeatum Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania., vol. i, p. 315, text fig.

1895. Lepidodendron clypeatum Lx., Dana, Man. Geol., 4tli ed., p. 6G8, flg. 1034.

The single specimen representing a mold in sandstone, which I refer to this species, is, the characters of the bolster and the form of the verynbsp;large leaf scar, nearer tlie fossils from the Boston mine, near Pittston, Pennsylvania, which ^Yere labeled by Professor Lesquereux under the abovenbsp;name, than to any other Lepidodendron known to me. In fact, it differs fromnbsp;the Pittston fossils only by the rather less acute lateral angles of the leafnbsp;scars and the often higher position of the interior traces. The specimensnbsp;from the Boston mine are probably varietally different from the originalnbsp;types figured in the Geology of Pennsylvania,^ in which the leaf scars arenbsp;proportionately much smaller. That type appears from the figure to benbsp;closer to the specimens from Cannelton in western Pennsylvania, recordednbsp;under this name, which are undoubtedly distinct from the form in hand.

In his memoir on the plants from the Ayrshire coal fields, Mr. Kidston^ records Lepidodendron clypeatum Lx. in the synonymy of L. ohovatum Stb.,nbsp;and, in addition, remarks on the specific identity of specimens, })resumablynbsp;from Pittston, communicated to him by Mr. Lacoe. While I confess Inbsp;should hardly have identified the specimens from the Boston mine with thenbsp;European figures by which alone L. ohovatum is known to me, it is necessary to note tliat our specimens from that mine are very different from thenbsp;American specimens referred by Professor Lesquereiix to the last-namednbsp;species. Compared with other material from this country, the form fromnbsp;the Boston mine is most intimately related to a form in the upper part of,nbsp;and somewhat characteristic of, the Pottsville series, generally recorded innbsp;our literature as L. Veltheirnii Stb. It bears a close resemblance to thenbsp;L. Rhodeanum figured by Stur in the Ostrau-Waldeiiburg Flora.

Locality.�Four miles south of Clinton, Missouri, from a horizon about 60 feet above the Jordan coal. Collected by Dr. Britts.

On the fossil plants of the Kilmarnock, Galston, and Kilwinning coal fields, Ayrshire: Trans. Koy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxvii, 2,1893, No. 16, p. 336.

1838. Zamites Presl, in Sternberg: Flora d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fasc. 7-8, p. 195 (pars). 1855. Oyclocladia Goldenberg (non L. and H.), FI. Saraep. Foss., vol. i, p. 19,

Arborescent lycopods witli dichotomous ramification. Stems and branches bearing much developed scalelike leaf cushions, at or near whosenbsp;summit is placed the leaf cicatrice. Leaf cushions imbricated, pedicel-like,nbsp;upright or deflexed; exposed poi�tion with straight sides or rhomboidal innbsp;outline, smooth or carinate; sometimes provided with a small tuberclenbsp;immediately beneath the leaf cicatrice. Leaf cicatrices transversely oval,nbsp;rhomboidal or rhomboidal-elongate, lateral angles rounded or acute, uppernbsp;and lower angles generally rounded, sometimes pointed; within leaf cicatricenbsp;are three punctiform cicatricules, of which the central is largest and sometimes subtriangular in form. Fructificatiou consisting of cones, stalked (? ornbsp;sessile), borne on specialized branches which show, when decorticated, spirally arranged protuberances (Halonia); in corticated condition the Halouialnbsp;scars rise little above or are on a level with the bark, and are representednbsp;by a rosette of deflected leaf cushions. Medulla of delicate cells surroundednbsp;by a primary vascular axis composed of scalariform vessels which diminishnbsp;in size from within outward, exogenous vascular zone only developed innbsp;specimens advanced in age; bai�k consisting of three zones�the innermostnbsp;of small cells, the middle of larger and irregular dense cells, and the outernbsp;composed of naiTow, dense, proseiichymatous tissue.

In his admirable memoir, ^ from which the above generic diagnosis is quoted, Mr. Kidston,-after reviewing in a most painstaking manner both thenbsp;literature and many of the specimens of the previous authors, enters into anbsp;detailed examination of the British material for the purpose of definitelynbsp;determining the relations of Lepiclophloios, Lomatophloios, and Halonia. As anbsp;result of this invaluable study we learn (1) that the Sternbergia pith,nbsp;originally described as proper to Lomatophloios, is not organically united tonbsp;the cortex described under the latter name; (2.) that Lepidophloios and Loma-

' On Lepidophloios and on the British species of the genus: Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxvii, pt. iii, Xo. 25,1893, pp. 529-563, pis. i, ii.

topliloios, which, though united by many paleobotaiiists, have been kept separate by others on the ground that the leaf scar in the latter is at the top.nbsp;of the bolster instead of at the base, as in the former, are really identical,nbsp;since the bolsters may be inclined (and so compressed) upward, especiallynbsp;in the smaller branches of certain species, or downward, according to thenbsp;species, or even to the part of the tree, the leaf being situated, morphologically, at the apex and always rising upward; (3) that the tuberculatenbsp;branches described as Ilalonia and regarded as a distinct genus of trees, asnbsp;roots or rhizomes of Lepidodendron^ as branches of Ulodendron, and (especially more recently) as branches of Lepidophloios, are unquestionably merelynbsp;the fructiferous branches of the last-named genus, since they have the samenbsp;bolsters and are found in actual union; (4) that the fruit is in the form ofnbsp;cones, originating, whether sessile or pedicellate, from the Halonial tubercles.

The identity of Lepidophloios and Ilalonia was independently and almost simultaneously demonstrated by Potoni�.�^ The latter author also discovered,nbsp;while studying the organization of some dolomitized bolsters of Lepidophloios from Langendreer, that the two lateral cicatricules in the leaf scarnbsp;were cross sections of cavernose tracts of thin-walled parenchyma. Thesenbsp;tracts pass downward within the bolster and coincide with the appendagesnbsp;on the bolster at the base of the leaf, the walls of the bolster being verynbsp;much thinned at those points. There appears little room for doubtingnbsp;Potoni�s conclusions that the tracts of thin-walled parenchyma are tran-spiratory ducts, while the appendages in the bolsters of Lepidodendron andnbsp;Lepidophloios are �transpiratory openings.�^ Potoni� follows Sturin regarding the vertical trace above the leaf on the bolster in the Lepidodendra asnbsp;the �ligular pit.�

Although the genus Lepidophloios is relatively rare in our American Coal Measures, the species described therein offer a complex of unique features that promise an interesting if small field to the monographer. Thenbsp;only species yet found in the Missouri flora that unquestionably belongs tonbsp;this genus is described below as L. Van Ingeni. The superficial corticalnbsp;features of the trunk of this tree are usiially well presented in ninnerous

' Die Zugeli�rigkeit vou Halonia; Ber. d. deutscli. bot. Gesell., 1893, toI. xi, Hft. 8, pp. 484-493 � pi. xxiii.

2Anatomie der beiden �Male� auf dem unteren Wangenpaar und der beiden Seiteuniirbsclien der Blattnarbe des Lepidodendreeu-Blattpolsters; Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell., 1893, vol. xi, Hft. 5 pp.nbsp;319-326 pi. xiv.

specimens, supplemented by a large number of detached and only partially compressed bolsters. Associated with this species are also certain leavesnbsp;which, to judge by circumstantial evidence, ai�e not likely to have grownnbsp;on any other type of cortex.

As fructifications of this genus fragments of cortex, cones, scales, or sporocysts, and Cordaianthus-like racemes, have been described by variousnbsp;authors. Of these supposed fruits I have seen only certain Lepidocystes ornbsp;Polysporia, and the singular remains figured by Lesquereux^ as belonging to L. dilatatus, a species very closely related to L. Van Ingeni. Thenbsp;originals of the figures of the supposed fruits, now in the Lacoe collectionnbsp;in the United States National Museum, are certainly both problematicalnbsp;and interesting; but while they no doubt represent a single type by themselves, there hardly seems to be sufficient reason for considering them asnbsp;pertaining to Lepidophloios, and I shall not therefore further discuss theirnbsp;structure or relation in this place.

The fragments of cone described by Goldenberg^ and Von RoehP probably belong to some large species of Lepidopliyllum, such as L. majus.nbsp;The similaritv of the bracts of these cone fragments to the leaves on thenbsp;branch of the Lepidophloios acerosus L. and H., illustrated by Kidston,quot;* isnbsp;at least very suggestive. In another place I have described as Lepidophyllumnbsp;(Lepidostrohus) missouriensis, a species frequently found associated withnbsp;fragments of the Lepidophloios. The fragment, PI. LX, Fig. 1, appai�entlynbsp;representing a cone of this species, which I am inclined to consider asnbsp;referable to the Lepidophloios., merits a comparison with the bracts or leavesnbsp;figured by Groldenberg and Kidston. It is perhaps a significant fact thatnbsp;generally in the American Coal Measures some large Lepidophyllum isnbsp;reported from the same locality as one of these species of Lepidophloios.nbsp;Examples are Lepidophloios dilatatus and Lepidophyllum Mansfieldi fromnbsp;Cannelton, Pennsylvania, Lepidophloios auriculatus and Lepidophyllum auric-ulatum from Morris, Illinois. Caution, however, mnst always be used innbsp;considering the argument of coincidental occurrence.

'Atlas to Coal Flora, pi. Ixviii, figs. 6, 7; text, vol. iii, p. 781, pi. cv, fig. 1.

�F1. Saraep. Foss., vol. i, 1855, pi. iii, figs. 13a, 13ft, p. 21; vol. iii, pi. xv, fig. 5, pp. 33, 34.

�Foss. FI. Steink. Westphalens., pi. xiii, figs, la, 1ft, p. 149. A portion of fig. la is copied by Le8(iuereux in Coal Flora, pi. Ixviii, fig. 1.

Cordaianthus-like, racemose fructifications springing- from rosettes among tlie leaf bases of a short snbtruncate-conical stem figured by Grand �Euryd

Judging from the figure, it seems to tlie writer that the fossil in M. Grand �Eury�s hands may rather be the trunk of some Gymnosperm relatednbsp;to the Cycads. The irregular and sometimes intercalated areolation, whichnbsp;seems to circumscribe by rigid, prominent walls the deeply sunken leafnbsp;bases or bolsters, is quite like that about the leaf bases in the Cycadeoidecenbsp;group, while the racemose organs of fructification, resembling Cordaiantlms,nbsp;will at once reinforce this idea by the suggestion of Bennettites. Thenbsp;presence of well-preserved Cycadaceous fronds described as belonging tonbsp;the Mesozoic genera Fterophyllum and Zamites, in the Upper Coal Measuresnbsp;in several of the European basins, seems to fully warrant an inquir}^ as tonbsp;whether Grand �Eury�s specimen which has so great superficial resemblance, even in the smaller areolation alxnit the inflorescence pedicels, tonbsp;the Cycadeoidean group represented by Cycadeoidea, is not Cycadaceous innbsp;its affinities. Unfortunately the author gives no information, either b}'nbsp;description or enlarged detail, as to the characters of the sunken leaf bases.

The internal structure of Lepidophloios described by Williamson and others as bearing the closest relation and similarity to that of Lepidodendronnbsp;favors a predisposition to searcdi for the fruit of the former, manifested innbsp;some form comparable if not identical with Lepidostrobus.

PI. LVI, Pigs. 1-8; PL LVII; PI. LYIII, Fig.1?; PL LXl, Pig. Ic.; PL LXll, Pig. /gt;

Trunks of large size, showing, when decorticated and compressed, the outlines of the diagonal rows of bolsters marked by rather long incision-like longitudinal pits, the lower ends of which correspond to the ventralnbsp;traces on the bolsters; bolsters transversely rhomboidal, nearly twice asnbsp;broad as long, the lateral angles well rounded, the proximal or lower sidesnbsp;more or less concave and apparently forming a well-rounded angle at thenbsp;base, the lower margins being nearly straight, or slightly concave near thenbsp;middle, including an angle of about 135�, not carinate, protruding moderately, imbricated so that each bolster overlaps somewhat on the one nextnbsp;below, the leaf scar being at or close to the lower border of the exposed

surface, and tlaerefore directed downward; exposed surface of the bolsters on the compressed specimens rather narrowly transversely rhomboidal,nbsp;very acute at the sides, the lateral angles very slender and often curvingnbsp;slightly downward in passing around the median arch of the next bolsternbsp;below and to the left, the four sides being nearly straight, though reallynbsp;sinuate, and unsymmetrical on the upper border by reason of the phyllo-taxy; lower borders of the exposed surfaces generally slightly concave,nbsp;though very nearly straight except when passing around the median arch ofnbsp;the preceding bolster in the next spiral to the left; leaf scar usually in thenbsp;lower angle of the compressed bolster, transversely rhomboidal, the lateralnbsp;angles very slender and acute; lower borders of the scar slightly concavenbsp;near the lateral angles, nearly straight in the middle, at an angle of aboutnbsp;135�, and rounded at the base of the scar; upper borders of the scar somewhat concave and rounded near the median line to a flat or sometimes distinctly emarginate upper angle; inside cicatricules below the middle ofnbsp;the leaf scar; vascular trace always below the middle of the leaf scar,nbsp;round or slightly elongated horizontally, the lateral cicatricules being verynbsp;small, punctiform, rather distant from the center and situated very close tonbsp;the lower margin of the scar; ventral trace very close to the leaf scar,nbsp;small, broadly triangular, and situated at the distal end of a low-rounded,nbsp;vanishing longitudinal ridge.

On entering upon the study of the specimens of Lepidophloios from Missouri described above, it seemed probable that among the material,nbsp;which fortunately had been collected in good quantity, would be foundnbsp;some representatives of LepidopMoios dilatatus Lx., a number of the originals of which are said to have come from the same beds in the same region.nbsp;But although the discovery in the Lacoe collection of several fragmentsnbsp;from the vicinity of Clinton labeled with the latter name by Lesquereuxnbsp;made it seem certain, especially since they are specifically identical withnbsp;those before me, that this anticipation would be realized, very carefulnbsp;examination and comparison of all the Missouri specimens to which 1 havenbsp;had access with the description and figures given by Professor Lesquereux^nbsp;have led me to the conclusion that the figured originals, all of which arenbsp;said to have come from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, are specifically distinctnbsp;from the examples from Missouri, even those labeled by the author.

In PI. LVII, and PI. LVI, Figs. 1 and 2, I have shown several specimens which illustrate the general characters of the compressed stems of the speciesnbsp;before me. As seen in the enlargements, PI. LVI, Fig. 2a, 26, and PL LVII,nbsp;Fig. la, the exposed surface is rhomboidal, the sides being fairly straight,nbsp;the lateral wings very acute and often prolonged and sinuate. The lowernbsp;angle is rounded at the median line, while the borders on either side arenbsp;usually slightly concave, though sometimes very nearly straight. . The leafnbsp;scar, as described above, is remarkable for the prolongation of the lateral angle,nbsp;its great width as compared with its altitude, the rather broadly rounded base,nbsp;and the generally flat or often distinctly emarginate upper angle.

In the form of the compressed cushions and of the leaf scars, our specimens agree so closely with fig. 2, pi. cv, of the Coal Flora as to suggest that both fragments might have been found in the same locality. Furthermore,nbsp;this suggestion is emphasized by the fact tiiat in No. 5943 of the Lacoe collection, which was marked by Professor Lesquereux as the original of fig. 2nbsp;in the Coal Flora, and which came unquestionably from Cannelton, as wasnbsp;originally stated, the lower borders of the bolsters are generally very muchnbsp;' more rounded than is shown in the figure. A comparison, however, of thenbsp;cicatricules and ventral trace shows that in the specimens from Missourinbsp;the central cicatricule or vascular scar is generally distinctly below thenbsp;middle of the leaf scar, the lateral cicatricules being very close to the basalnbsp;margin, and the ventral trace close to the upper border of the scar, while innbsp;the figure in the Coal Flora the vascular trace is close to the upper marginnbsp;of the scar, the lateral traces being situated about midway in the altitudenbsp;of the scar, while the ventral trace is generally nearer the borders of thenbsp;bolster next above. In bolsters of about the same size the ventral trace isnbsp;seen to be only about one-half as far above the leaf scar as in the typenbsp;from Cannelton. Moreover, while the cicatricules on the type of fig. 2 arenbsp;often obscure, there seems to be good reason for representing them as isnbsp;done in the figure. Finally, the real form of the uncovered bolster in thenbsp;original from Cannelton shows a very much rounder type, its form beingnbsp;nearly intermediate between L. Van Ingeni and L. auriculatus Lx. Hence,nbsp;notwithstanding the close resemblance in the form of the exposed part ofnbsp;the bolster and leaf scar in the type of fig. 2 and in the Missouri tree, Inbsp;feel constrained to regard them as belonging to difPerent species. For thenbsp;Cannelton type of bark the name Lepidophloios dilatatus may be retained.

especially since there is doubt as to the generic identity of the supposed fructifications also described under that name. It seems doubtful whethernbsp;the latter represent any portion of a tree of Lepidopkloios. To the Cannel-tou species probably belongs also the original, which I have not seen, ofnbsp;fig. 4 in the Coal Flora. The points of resemblance and difference in thenbsp;exposed portion of the compressed bolsters may be noted by a comparisonnbsp;of Fig. 2, PI. LVI, representing No. 5944 of the Lacoe collection, ornbsp;PI. LVII, which is more compressed, with fig. 4 in the Coal Flora. So,nbsp;too, fig. 2 of the Coal Flora may with interest be compared with the photograph given in PI. LVII of a small portion from a large trunk. Thisnbsp;fragment, 42 cm. long, 28 cm. wide, compressed to a thickness of 2 cm.,nbsp;fails to give an adequate idea of the j)robably great diameter of the trunk,nbsp;since neither lateral margin is shown. Before leaving the discussion ofnbsp;the compressed stems we may note that the gash-like impressions on thenbsp;decorticated surface of the trunk appear to nearly correspond in position tonbsp;the ventral trace. The lower vanishing ends of the fiuTows hardly reachnbsp;the profile of the upper border of the foliar scars in the compressed specimens, while the middle part is slightly below the line of the ventral traces.

An interesting feature of the more recent collections from Missouri is the occurrence of isolated or small groups of detached bolsters found innbsp;relatively large numbers, es})ecially at Gilkerson�s Ford. Several of thesenbsp;are shown in their association with other plants in Fig. Ic, PI. LXI; Fig./,nbsp;PL LXII, and Fig. 5, PI. LXIII. The chief details of these may be seen innbsp;the photographs. Most of these detached bolsters from this locality appearnbsp;as casts of the spongy tissue, to which are attached })atches of dull carbonaceous crust, attaining a thickness of about 5 mm., which probably representsnbsp;cortical tissue as well as the real epidermis. In general it will be notednbsp;that the greater inflation of the bolsters is toward or at tlie side oppositenbsp;the leaf scar. This side is usually, as shown in Figs. 4 and 7, and PI. LVI,nbsp;somewhat collapsed and wrinkled, or even slightly infolded. The infolding is specially strong near the lateral angles, which in profile often appearnbsp;quite sharp (Fig. 5). In Figs. 1 and 2, PI. LVI, it is plain that the bolstersnbsp;imbricate for a considerable distance on those below. It also appears that anbsp;portion of the dorsal surface of the upper bolster must lie beneath it andnbsp;upon the upper ventral borders of the bolsters partly underlying it. Ifnbsp;any such expansion exists, however, it must be greatly constricted at the

point of attachment. None of the isolated bolsters are so preserved as to show a dorsal surface of any considerable size. Such as are preserved sonbsp;as to show the carbonized cortex concave seem to represent merely an innernbsp;surface conforming- to the wall shown convex in the other instances, andnbsp;without trace of the leaf scar, though the ventral cicatrix is distinct. Anbsp;conspicuous character of all the bolsters from which the cortical residuenbsp;has been removed is the large and deep pit, often vertically elongated,nbsp;corresponding to the ventral trace. The ventral trace is prominent also onnbsp;the under surface, as may be seen in Fig. 5, PI. LVI, or Figs. 3 and 6. Anbsp;not uncommon wrinkling in a generally longitudinal direction of thenbsp;interior (I) casts of the leaf cushions, which is probably due to the flattening of the bolster, is best seen in PL LVI, Fig. 4, in which the interior castsnbsp;of the lateral cicatricules or transpiratory tracts are seen to be very largenbsp;and prominent. In Fig. 7 the wrinkling is very slight.

Several other detached bolsters deserve illustration. One of these, PI LVI, Fig. 8, from Pitcher�s coal mine, represents the impression ornbsp;mold of a large detached bolster, 47 mm. broad and over 25 mm. innbsp;altitude. In this specimen the outline of the foliar side and of the widelynbsp;rounded lateral angles is well shown, as is also the inflation in the sidenbsp;opposite the leaf scar. This inflation, which corresponds to that seen in thenbsp;specimens from Gilkerson�s Ford, has here caused the wall to tui-ii up nearlynbsp;vertical, producing wrinkling, the precise extent ot which can only be estimated from the comparison of the other bolsters. The margins on eithernbsp;side of the leaf scar are regular and natural, though slightly abraded alongnbsp;the central portion of the foliar scar. The position ot the ventral cicatrix,nbsp;relatively close to the leaf scar, is very clear.

In arranging the figures on the plates and in my taxonomic references 1 have conformed to the generally accepted conclusion that the flatter ornbsp;more emarginate border of the leaf scar is its upper margin, the smallnbsp;deltoid or subtriangular pit or trace being thus ventral Nevertheless, thenbsp;apparent outlines of the detached bolsters, the marginal position of the leafnbsp;scars, together with the general form of the side opposite the scars, seemnbsp;entirely incompatible with a pronounced bulbil or stalklike form or habitnbsp;in these bolsters, as in L. crassicaulis Gold., or L. scoticus Kidst. It isnbsp;evident that either the leaf scar was at the summit of a relatively thin,

shell-like or scale-like cushion or leaf base, attached along a portion of the mon xxxvii-14

marg-in of tlie compressed fossil opposite the leaf scar, an hypothesis at variance with the aspect of the decorticated trunks and the area apparentlynbsp;occupied by each holster, or that the attachment was by the entire periphery of the detached holsters, in which case the latter were hut slightlynbsp;protuberant. To explain tlie areolation of the decorticated trunk and thenbsp;slight imbrication of the bolsters, as shown in Fig. 2, photographicallynbsp;enlarged with reversed light in Fig. 2a, PI. LVI, it is necessary to assumenbsp;that the bolsters were short and but slightly protuberant, and that theynbsp;were attached by the whole border shown in the separated examples, thenbsp;imbrication being but slight.

To Lepidophloios Van Ingeni belong, I believe, the scales and cone described in another part of this report as Lepidopliyllum (^Lepidostrobus)nbsp;'inissouriense. The relation of such cones to Lepidophloios has been referrednbsp;to in my remarks on the genus. The asscmiation of the scales in the samenbsp;matrix with the bolsters, e. g., PI. LXI and PI. LXIl, as well as the factnbsp;that this is the only satisfactory species of Lepidophloios yet found in thesenbsp;beds, point to mutual relations of stem and cone in the remains describednbsp;under the two names.

Likewise it is probable that the very broad Lycopodineous leaves described as Lepidophloios sp., PI. LVIII, Fig. 1, may safely be cited as thenbsp;leaves of L. Van Ingeni. To this species should also be assigned a large,nbsp;slightly obscure impression. No. 2267 of the United States National Museumnbsp;collection, enrolled by Professor T.,esqnereux in the register as Sigillarianbsp;Lefrancii Brongn.

Lepidophloios Van Ingeni differs from 7gt;. auricidatus and L. macrolepidotus Gold, by the straight lower margins of the bolsters. L. laricinus has thenbsp;upper angle of the ordinarily exposed surface acute, not rounded, the leaf scarnbsp;being of greater altitude in proportion to its breadth, the up])er angle smaller,nbsp;and the cicatricules near the center and in a row. The large specimen of cortex from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, described as L. dilatatus, has the bolstersnbsp;more rounded at the top, the sides when exposed more rounded, the ventralnbsp;trace farther from the leaf scar, and the cicatricules near or above the center.

Localities.�Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, Nos. 5944, 5947, 5951, 5953, 5954, of the Lacoe collection; Gilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;6048�6052, 6075; Pitcher�s coal mine, �. S. Nat. Mus., 6047, 6053; Henrynbsp;County, Missouri, Old Museum collection. No. 2267.

Ainong the specimens from Pitclier�s coal mine and Grilkerson�s Ford are numerous fragments of large Lycopodineous leaves, reaching a widthnbsp;of 12 mm. or more at the base and a length of 24 cm. or more, taperingnbsp;gradually from the base to the veiy slender, acute apex. Portions of twonbsp;of these leaA^es, associated with twigs of Lepidodendron Brittsii, are illustratednbsp;in PI. LVIII, Fig. 1. In the broader segment, the dorsal surface of whichnbsp;is presented, the median nerve is rather prominent and angular in the lowernbsp;middle portion, though flattened and rounded toward the base. On eithernbsp;side, and at a distance of about 2 mm. from the median line, is a narrownbsp;zone, depressed in portions of its length, marked distinctly at some pointsnbsp;by a double line. This I interpret as the stomatiferous zone. Bothnbsp;between and outside of these zones there are other parallel lines or strisenbsp;which resemble filaments or slender vascular strands. The feature of mostnbsp;interest in the specimen is the impression of the upper part, it not the -whole,nbsp;of the leaf scar. This scar, in Avhich the midrib and lateral lines vanish,nbsp;occupies the whole breadth of the leaf base, and was evidently of verynbsp;little altitude. It a})pears to agree with the foliar cicatrices of Lepidophloiosnbsp;Van Ingeni^ to which I believe the leaves to belong.

The reasons for regarding these leaves as pertaining to the trunks of Lepidophloios Van Ingeni are: (1) The great width of the leaf bases, whichnbsp;are much wider even than the leaf scars of Sigillaria camptotcenia Wood;nbsp;(2) the similarity in proportions between the impressions on some of thenbsp;leaf bases and tlie foliar scars on the cortex of L. Van Ingeni^ there being nonbsp;other trunk known from this region with leaf scars of this size and approximate form; (3) the considerable distance between what appear to benbsp;the stomatiferous zones, Avhich accords with that between the lateral cica-tricules in the Lepidophloios, but which is much greater than in thenbsp;Sigillaria above mentioned, and (4) the coincident occurrence of thesenbsp;leaves and the trunks of LepidojMoios at the same localities and in thenbsp;same beds.

Localities.�Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6061; Gilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6072.

1866. Lepidostrobus princeps Lesquereiix, Rept. Oeol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 455, pi. xlv, figs. 1-4.

Cones linear, 40 cm. or more in length, 6 to 8 cm. in width, narrowed slightly toward the base, somewhat abruptly contracted at the top to anbsp;slightly acuminate apex; axis rugose, 12 to 15 mm. in width, with fusiformnbsp;areolations 5 to 7 mm. long and about 1.75 mm. wide, the central scarnbsp;being about .75 mm. in diameter; sporangiopliores usually nearly at a rightnbsp;angle, sometimes slightly reflexed, but often, especially in the upper partnbsp;of the cone, oblique, narrow, slightly concavely cuneate, nearly 20 mm.nbsp;long, 5 to 7 mm. wide at the distal end, with a clear though not verynbsp;prominent central strand; bracts usually nearly erect, though often slightlynbsp;open, generally arching outward a little, slender, 4 to 5 cm. long, 6 to 9 mm.nbsp;wide at the base, tapering to a long, slender acuminate point, the sidesnbsp;being slightly concave, especially near the base; median nerve broad nearnbsp;the base though not conspicuous, marked on the ventral surface by a low-rounded ridge on either side of a hat, very slightly depressed zone, ornbsp;forming a broad, low keel on the dorsal surface, tapering and very slendernbsp;tow'ard the apex; sporangia and spores not dehnitely known.

Unfortunately the numerous specimens which I refer to the above species are so compressed as to give little or no data as to the nature of thenbsp;s]3orangium or its contents. The sporangiopliores show, when the cone isnbsp;broken along the axis, as is seen in PI. LXIII, Fig. 1, little but a mass ofnbsp;densely compressed strands and marginal laminse, which are often distortednbsp;and apparently somewhat macerated. Occasionally, but very sparsely,nbsp;both macrospores and microspores are found among the bracts and betweennbsp;the sporangiopliores; but, in view of the readiness of these objects to lodgenbsp;in such recesses, one can not be certain that they were ever a part of thenbsp;cone, though the presence, now and then, of one close to the axis arguesnbsp;for its origin near at hand.

That these cones were very long is indicated by the fact that none of the fragments show the fnll length, although I have been able to joinnbsp;fragments so as to construct segments over 40 cm. in length withoutnbsp;including both extremities. The base of the cone is slightly narrowed, thennbsp;abruptly rounded. The upper part tapers somewhat, then rounds verynbsp;obtusely to a relatively small, acuminate apex. The specimens before menbsp;differ only by the slightly narrower and shorter bracts from a number ofnbsp;specimens from Mazou Creek, Illinois, identified by Professor Lesquereuxnbsp;as Lepiclostrobiis princeps) The bracts in one specimen are, however, a littlenbsp;longer in proportion to the width of the base than in the specimens fromnbsp;Duquoin, Illinois, figured in the Coal Flora, while the whole width of ournbsp;cones, as well as those from Mazon Creek, is rather greater than thatnbsp;indicated in the original figure.

It is quite uncertain as to what arboreal sijecies Lepidostrohm princeps was joined. Were it not for the description by Lesquereux^ of a quitenbsp;different cone as the fruit of SigUlaria camptotmiia Wood (S. monostigma Lx.)nbsp;we might be justified in inquiring as to whether one was not the cone of thenbsp;other. In those cones from Mazon Creek, in which the bracts had beennbsp;removed from the slightly compressed sporangiophores, the serried ends ofnbsp;the latter are more than a little suggestive of LepidopMoios. Lepidostro-bus princeps is very near to certain American material recorded as L.nbsp;Goldenbergii Schimp.� It differs, however, by the greater width of the cones,nbsp;the longer, more slender, acuminate bracts, and the narrower axis. L. pra�.-longus Lx. has the bracts -much smaller and narrower, while the cones arenbsp;more slender, though nearly as long. The bracts and sporangiophores ofnbsp;L. latus are much more slender.

Localities.�Glilkerson�s Ford, �. S. Nat. Mus., 6057, 6071; Hobbs�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6286.

A small cone about 5 cm. long and 18 mm. wide, having slender, tapering, acute bracts, with fine distinct median nerves, comes from Pitcher�s

3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Schimper, Trait�, vol. ii, p. 61, pi. Ixi. Brongniart, Hist. v�g. loss., vol. ii, pi, xxiv, fig. 6nbsp;(non pi. xxiii, figs. 4, 5).

coal bank. It is too poorly preserved to sliow the arrangement of the parts or admit of a satisfactory identification by the superficial characters.

1822. Filicites sect. Glossopteris Brongniart, M�in. mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 232. 1828. Lepidopliyllum Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 87.

1897. Lepidophyllum sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Arner., vol. viii, pp. 298, 300.

Cones short, oval or slightly ovate, about 4 cm. in length and 2.5 cm. in width; scales oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 22 mm. long, 7 to 12 mm. wide,nbsp;expanded in broad rounded auricles at the bases of the blades; blades ovate-triangular, acute or acuminate, 7 to 12 mm. long, and nearly as wide acrossnbsp;the semiangular or rounded dilations or auricles at the point of union tonbsp;the sporangiophore, the dilation being inclined slightly downward; midribnbsp;slender, quite inconspicuous; texture rather thin; sporangiophore broadlynbsp;cuneate, 5 to 10 mm. in length or nearly as long as the blade, rather widenbsp;at the base, the axis narrow and broadening rapidly near the top, the lateralnbsp;laminae rather lax, with nearly straight margins, and often more or lessnbsp;infolded; sporangia oblong, rounded or round-cylindifical, with rather densenbsp;walls.

The small scales described above are quite abundant in the shales from Henry County. The essential, and at the same time striking, charactersnbsp;are the nearly equal length of the blade and the sporangiophore and thenbsp;conspicuous, often auriculate, dilations at the base of the blade, which isnbsp;ovate-triangular. These characters clearly distinguish the species fromnbsp;Lepidophyllum hastatum Lx. or L. ovatifolimn Lx., whose blade is similarnbsp;except for the absence of the basal dilation, or from L. hrevifolmm Lx.,nbsp;which, as seen in pi. Ixix, fig. 33, of the Coal Flora, or my report on thenbsp;plants from the McAlester coal field,^ has a long but narrow sporangiophore,nbsp;while the blade is shorter. The general aspect of the bracts is fairly wellnbsp;seen in PI. LIX, Figs. 1amp;, 2, and PI. LXIII, Fig. 6.

� 19tla Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Snrv., pt. 3, 1899, p. 529, pi. Ixviii, figs. 15-18.

The larger portion of a cone about which a number of bi-acts are scattered is illustrated in Fig. la, PI. LIX. The contraction at the base indicates that we have nearly the full length of the strobile, which may be immature,nbsp;the bracts near the top being small and short, while those near the base ofnbsp;the specimen show blades having all the characters of those described above.nbsp;Although the details of the interior of the cone are totally obscured bj^ thenbsp;mass of compressed sporocysts and sporangiophores through which thenbsp;spores are at a few points dimly expressed, the diameter of the cone is suchnbsp;as to require sporangiophores of the length seen in the detached bracts; andnbsp;there is hardly room for doubt that we have before us the cone or Lepido-strobus of Lepidophyllum Jenneyi, the upper small and immature bracts stillnbsp;adhering to the axis. While the contraction toward the base, especiallynbsp;noticeable on the right, suggests an oval or ovate form for the cone, thisnbsp;individual specimen does not warrant definite conclusions on that point.

In Fig. 2, PI. LIX,.an illustration is given of one of two specimens in which the margins of the sporangiophores appear to be completely foldednbsp;over inward.

In the same shales are found a number of partially compressed sub-cylindrical, rounded sporangia whose size and mode of occurrence indicate their origin in cones of the type illustrated. These sporangia, which maynbsp;be designated as Lepidocystis Jenneyi, appear distinct from any other thatnbsp;I recollect having seen. An example is shown in Fig. 3, PI. LIX. Thenbsp;sporangium wall appears rather thick and shining, the impression of thenbsp;contents being very obscure. From the sui�face of the flattened cone, however, it appears that some at least of the Lepidocysts contain rather smallnbsp;macrospores. The characters of the surface of the spores are too obscurenbsp;for description.

To the distinctions between Lepidophyllum Jenneyi and the most nearly related species, L. ovatifolium Lx., already indicated, may be added thenbsp;generally shorter and more obtuse blades, as well as the shorter sporangiophores of the latter. The frequency of Lepidophyllum Jenneyi at Owen�snbsp;coal bank, a locality at which Lepidodendron Brittsii is abundant, suggestsnbsp;a possible specific identity between those two types.

Localities�Owen�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6054, 6079, 6080; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6078.

PI. LVIII, Fig. 2; PI. LX, Pigs. 1-3; PI. LXI, Figs, la-h; PL LXII, Pigs, a, b, c, d, e;

Cones large, probably oblong or oval; bracts very large, 11 to 13 cm. long, 17 to 2.5 mm. wide above the middle; blades rather thick, verynbsp;finely striated, oblong-lanceolate, broadest generally near tlie top of thenbsp;middle third of the length, acuminately prolonged at the apex, slightlynbsp;contracted 5 to 8 mm. above the base which is dilated or auriculatenbsp;at the point of union, at a very open angle, to the sporangiophores; spo-rangiophores 23 to 2R mm. long, nearly as wide as the lower part of thenbsp;blade, triangular, thick, very narrow at the base, and glossy, the sides ofnbsp;the axis strongly concave toward the top, nearly straight at the base, thenbsp;lateral margins generally, nearly straight or slightly concave up to the basenbsp;of the lateral projection or auricle; midrib 2 mm. wide at the base, strong,nbsp;passing distinct into the apex, bordered on either side on the ventral surface by a rounded furrow, or two rather close parallel lines, the surface ofnbsp;the blade being marked by fine parallel, longitudinal, rather faint lines, 15nbsp;to 18 of which fall within a millimeter; sporangia, or Lepidocystes, 18 t(!nbsp;25 mm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, rather narrower at the base, with truncate-rounded ends,' consisting of a thin-walled sack, smooth and shining, granular under tjie lens, breaking longitudinally, and usually seen spread innbsp;a trapezoidal form averaging about 2 cm. in length, 18 mm. in width atnbsp;one end, 15 mm. at the other, the corners rounded and often slightly ruptured; macrospores (Triletes) apparently round, a little more than 1 mm. innbsp;diameter, and marked by a prominent triradiate keel, the surface of thenbsp;spore wall being dull and smooth.

This species, abundant at Gilkerson�s Ford, presents some variation in the width of the blade. Fig. a, PI. LXII, representing the narrowest I havenbsp;seen, while Fig. 2, PI. LVIII, shows a bract rather above the average innbsp;width. In a few specimens the mucronate apex is slightly prolonged. Innbsp;general, however, great uniformity prevails in both the size and the form ofnbsp;the bracts, as well as in the pronounced dilation or auriculation at the pointnbsp;of union of the blade with the sporangiophore. The broadest portion ofnbsp;the blade is always above the middle, sometimes considerably above it.nbsp;The surface of the bract appears polished, even under a weak lens, though

it is really very finely lineate, the longitudinal lines or rows of cells numbering about seventeen within the millimeter. In one specimen the bract is shown in profile to be at a right angle to the sporangiophore.

On one of the slabs lately sent by Dr. Britts are what appear to be three cone fragments, shown in Fig. 1, PI. LX. The largest, illustrated innbsp;the upper part of Fig. 1, is somewhat remarkable for its size and is interesting as showing the aspect of the imbricated 'bracts in situ. None of thenbsp;fragments show either the base or the tip of the cones, all of them representing segments that fail to show even the entire width of the organ.nbsp;From these fragments we may infer that the cones were very broad. Thenbsp;photograph shows a strong general similarity to the fragments illustratednbsp;by Goldenberg,^ Von Roehl,^ or Lesquereux.�

As was stated in my remarks under this genus, I am disposed to follow Goldenberg in regarding these very large Lepidophylla and their cones,nbsp;Lepidostrohus, as pertaining to the genus Lepidophloios. If such is the truenbsp;relation, Lepidophyllum (Lepidostrohus') missouriense most probably representsnbsp;the fructification of Lepidophloios Van Iiigeni. In the most intimate association with these bracts are numerous sporangia, or Lepidocysts, most ofnbsp;which are broken and spread out in smooth black trapezoidal forms, abqutnbsp;20 to 25 mm. long, and having a width of about 12 mm. at one end and 18nbsp;mm. at the other end, the corners being slightly rounded and the marginsnbsp;of the ends occasionally ruptured. Examples of these collapsed vacant ornbsp;displayed sporangia are seen in PI. LXI, Fig. 2, or PI. LXII, Fig. whilenbsp;the unruptured, somewhat compressed sporangia with their macrospores arenbsp;illustrated in PI. LXII, Figs, c and d. These sporocysts are perhapsnbsp;specifically indistinguishable from examples of Lepidocystis fraxiniforniisnbsp;(Goepp.) Lx., from Canneltou, Pennsylvania. The latter are found in placenbsp;on the bracts of Lepidophyllum Mansfieldi Lx. It is probable, however, thatnbsp;the spore sacs of several of the large species of Lepidophylla are not distinguishable by superficial macroscopic characters.

In L. missouriense the macrospores, shown enlarged in Figs. 3 and 3o, PI. LXIII, are perhaps a little over 1 mm. in diameter when uncompressed.nbsp;They appear minutely granular under a strong lens. The triradiate crests,

charactei�istic of the Triletes of Reinsch and Kidston, are sharp and prominent, extending across one side of the flattened spore.

The scales which I have described nnder the above name represent a larger type, I believe, than any heretofore illustrated. Among the Oldnbsp;World species it is comparable to Lepidophyllum mqjus Brongn.' It appears,nbsp;however, to differ specifically from the latter by the broader apex of thenbsp;sporangiophore, the prominently dilated or auricnlate base of the blade,nbsp;the proportionately very much greater expansion of the upper half of thenbsp;bract, and the contracted, acuminate apex. Lepidopliyllum auricidatum Lx.,nbsp;which is not well known, has a blade that tapers gradually from the middlenbsp;upward. The same difference exists in L. acuminatum, which has a proportionately much larger sporangiophore. Finally, L. Mansfieldi, to which bothnbsp;the blades and the sporocysts of our species bear the closest I�esemblance,nbsp;and which is undoubtedly its nearest relation, has the auricles much lessnbsp;developed at the base of tlie blade, while the latter is broader in proportionnbsp;above the base, and is almost invariably transversely wrinkled in the lowernbsp;half, as though thicker and very much arched.

Localities.�Most abundant at Grilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6060, 6062, 6065, 6066, 6072, 6081; Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6058;nbsp;Owen�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6059!. The large cone fragment, loanednbsp;to the United States National Museinn by Dr. J. H. Britts, is from Pitcher�snbsp;coal mine.

1870. Au Lepidodendron mammillatum Lesquerenx, Rept. G-eol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 432, pi. XXV, fig. 11

1879. Lepidodendron cyclostigma Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 11, pi. Ixii, fig. 5; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 394.

1898. Omphalophloios cyclostigma (Lx.) D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. ix, pp. 329-342, pis. xx-xxiii.

Stems or trunks of considerable size, the larger ones covered by more or less clearly defined Lepidodeudroid bolsters; bolsters contiguous, sometimes partially obscure, especially in the young or badly compressed branches,

' Prodrome, 1828, p. 87. Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, 1855, p. 37, pi. ii, fig. 5.

rhomboidal and acute, laterally rounded, or squarrose-rhomboidal, or often reduced and truncated by compression, somewhat prominent, rounded, without caudse or coiTUgation, marked near the apex by a punctate mammilla,nbsp;and surmounted over or at a little distance above the middle by a large,nbsp;interior, more or less roundish or ovate-triangular, slightly concave, prominent boss, at the lower verge of which is situated a ti-ansverse cicatrix,nbsp;probably the leaf scar; central boss of the pai�tially decorticated stemnbsp;usually conspicuous, often appearing as an oval, slightly concave elevation,nbsp;frequently tr,aversed by two somewhat indefinite vertical low ridges, andnbsp;mai�ked between the latter by a minute central trace; or, in the impressions,nbsp;often appearing as convex and roundish or narrowed in either direction bynbsp;tlie partial infolding of the surrounding tissue of the bolster in the coursenbsp;of compression; foliar cicatrices situated at or a little below the middle ofnbsp;the bolster and on the lower border of the large boss or cushion, nearly one-half the width of the bolster, of very little altitude, slightly raised, angularnbsp;or slightly crescentic, the sides slightly inclined upward, subangular ornbsp;broadly crescentic above, or flatly deltoidal in the center, the lateral anglesnbsp;being continued for a distance as diminishing I�idges, which are either straightnbsp;and vanishing short of the margin or curving upward and blending withnbsp;the base of the large central boss, within which, close above the foliarnbsp;cicatrix, lies a smaller oval or slightly ovate boss containiilg an interiornbsp;depression and punctiform trace; oval boss situated upon the large bossnbsp;close within the ventral curve of the leaf scar, the longer, vertical axisnbsp;being nearly one-half the altitude of the concave field of the larger boss,nbsp;the horizontal diameter nearly two-thirds as long as the vertical, the lowernbsp;end generally obscure, nearly or quite tangent to the leaf cicatrix andnbsp;either partly or wholly inclosing a minute punctiform mammilla, whichnbsp;appears nearly contiguous to the foliar cicatrix and may be a part thereof;nbsp;interior of the oval boss occupied by an oval depression, sometimes obscure,nbsp;usually clearly defined, about .5 mm. within the outer border of the ovalnbsp;boss, the interval being a flat oval zone, the upper and deeper end of thenbsp;depression containing a minute umbilicate mammilla; vascular trace ofnbsp;the leaf well developed, the lateral traces being obscure; basal appendagesnbsp;either absent or very obscure.

The extensive collections from the Des Moines series of Missouri, sent during the last few years to the United States National Museum or the

United States Geological Survey, contain a series of specimens wliicli tlirow much light on the unique and somewhat problematic species described bynbsp;Professor Lesquereux as Lepidodendron cyclostigma}

Pitcher�s coal mine, in Henry County, the source of most of the new material, seems, as indicated both by the associated species and by thenbsp;matrix, to have been the source of the types of the original species, nownbsp;Nos. .5501 and 5502 of the Lacoe collection in the National Museum. Innbsp;any event it is certain, as is shown by the records and labels, that the fossilsnbsp;described by Lesquereux came from the same vicinity. The species hasnbsp;not been found elsewhere.

Since the recently acquired material includes examples exhibiting many new characters and features, whose interpretation is subject to differencesnbsp;of opinion, as well as a remarkable variation in the forms of cortical impression, the descriptions of the important specimens will be repeated in order tonbsp;present all the available evidence as to the organs or appendages of the treenbsp;and its systematic position. It is unfortunate that in this, as well as in mostnbsp;other peculiarly American types of Carboniferous plants, no material is atnbsp;hand to show the internal organization of the tree, which is represented onlynbsp;by somewhat flattened casts of trunks and branches, or by cortical impressions revealing only superficial details.

Tlie bolfffers of these compressed trunks are, as was stated by Lesquereux, variable in form as well as size. Illustrations of these varying forms, which sometimes suggest the Lepidodendron clypeatmn of Lesquereux,^ arenbsp;seen in PI. LXV and PL LXVI, Figs. I, 2; also PI. LXVII, Fig. 2. Thenbsp;fragmental impression, a portion of which is seen in the first plate, is 31nbsp;cm. in length and 13 cm. in width, the entire breadth of the trunk beingnbsp;unknown. It is probable, however, that some of the trunks of this speciesnbsp;grew to a considerable diameter. The figured fragment shows the impi�es-sion or mold, over most of which the outer very thin cortex or epidermis stillnbsp;adheres. Nevertheless, that phase in which the bolsters are represented atnbsp;their longest and in their more distinctly Lepidodendroid asjDect is well seen,nbsp;the fine separative lines of the rhomboidal, acute bolsters being clear, whilenbsp;the general features of the subtriangular or somewhat circular central convexnbsp;areas, which, as we shall see, represent large, compressed, roundish bosses.

^Geol. Pennsylvania,vol. ii,2, p. 875, pi. xv, fig. 5; pi. xvi, fig. 7. Coal Flora,vol. ii,p. 380, pi. lxiv,fig. 16.

are in agreement with the original figured by Lesquereuxd It will be observed that the bolsters are low, rounded, and destitute of keel or caudalnbsp;ornamentation, either above or below the scar; that the central convex areanbsp;as compressed varies from round to more or less distinctly triangular, andnbsp;that the boundary of the latter is often a sharp, clear furrow, from the lateral angles of which short, ([uickly vanisliing lines pass outward toward thenbsp;curved bolster margin, which they fail to reach. Other compressed specimens, mostly impressions, to which reference will be made, show the greatnbsp;variability in the aspect of these central areas. The photograph of thenbsp;example under consideration fails to show a punctiform mammilla situatednbsp;near the center of the convex area or but a very little nearer the lowernbsp;border. This, which we may temporarily designate as the central trace, isnbsp;visible to the unaided eye, as are also, in a few instances, two rather indefinite, rounded, low, vertical grooves, crossing the central area, one on eithernbsp;side of the central trace. The figure of this specimen is so placed on thenbsp;plate that the central, obscurely subtriaugular area c,omes generally at anbsp;little above the middle. Thus the transverse side, which is seen in manynbsp;cases either to be crescentic or to contain a very obtuse angle, is made tonbsp;constitute the base. This arrangement, which seems to conform with thatnbsp;of Fig. 1, PI. LXVII, is made largely for the sake of preserving the morphologic similarity of the bolsters of this tree with tliose of the conventionalnbsp;type of Lepidodendron, as represented, for example, in L. clypeatum. I confess, however, a lack of assurance as to the actual attitude of some of thenbsp;stems. I have attempted to make them conform in position to other better-preserved fragments, the orientation of which will be discussed farther on.

Passing now to the originals, described by Lesquereux, we find that the figure given in the Coal Flora represents a small portion of an irregularnbsp;fragment 27 cm. in length and 15 cm. in width. In this fragment, which,nbsp;like the one desciibed above, is a mold or impression, the Lepidodendroidnbsp;form of the bolsters is clear. In a portion of the slab one end, presumablvnbsp;the lower, of the bolsters is slightly truncated by pressure in fossilization.nbsp;The convex central areas or compressed central bosses are mostly ovate-triangular or ovate, as is shown in the original figure, though many arenbsp;round and some are transyersely oyal. The lateral angles, as well as thenbsp;short, yanishing, lateral furrows, are distinctly indicated in most cases,

' Coal Flora, Atlas, pi. Ixii, lig. 5. No. 5501 of the Laooe collectiou, U. S. Nat. Mus.

while generally the central trace in the roundish area is more or less clearly shown. This is also true where the outermost cortical tissue still adheresnbsp;to the matrix, even in the area represented by the shaded portion in thenbsp;original figure.

Another of the types described by Lesquereux is a small slab, No. 5502 of the Lacoe collection, representing, like the other, a mold ornbsp;impression of the stem. In a portion of this fragment, too, we havenbsp;bolsters and inside areas like those in the originally figured type. No.nbsp;5501. But here we have also a variety of distortions, due to pressure,nbsp;in which the central areas or compressed bosses often appear more thannbsp;twice as wide as long, while in some cases they are partially covered onnbsp;all sides by the infolded lateral areas about the flattened bosses. It maynbsp;be noted in passing that the central areas in this fragment, photographednbsp;in PL LXVI, Fig. 1, are much broader in proportion to their altitude whennbsp;the bolsters themselves are correspondingly dilated. In addition to thesenbsp;features, this specimen shows not only the central traces, but also, in a fewnbsp;cases, the obscure vertical furrows, which in several instances seem to unitenbsp;below the upper margin of the central areas in a loop or long horseshoe,nbsp;between the sides of which are the central traces. This character, as wellnbsp;as certain other more obscure details, will be considered in the descriptionnbsp;of the surface of the lately collected stems.

Another incomplete slab about 25 cm. wide, showing the mold or external impression of the stem, is partially illustrated in PI. LXVI, Fig. 2.nbsp;In this specimen, chosen because it represents the more elongated bolstersnbsp;with the central convex areas slightly displaced, we find in many of thenbsp;latter the two vertical grooves, about 2 mm. apart, passing across thenbsp;compressed boss and forming, as in the specimen just described, a loop ornbsp;elongated horseshoe, within which the vascular trace is seen in all cases tonbsp;lie. Occasionally a second trace is observed at the apparently open end ofnbsp;the horseshoe. The same interior characters are seen in Mus. Reg. �03�,nbsp;another impression of a fragment with short, squarish bolsters, illustrated in

Tlie specimens described above are all impressions or molds of stems, in some of which the epidermis may have been wanting. We will nownbsp;proceed to the consideration of several segments of stems on which thenbsp;cortex is still preserved. The first of these, Mus. Reg. 6029, is a flattened

branch, nearly the full width of which is seen in PI. LXVII, Fig. 2. Here we see again a type of foreshortened, truncated bolster, comparable in formnbsp;to that of Lepidodendron dypeatum Lx. Within the bolsters we have a verynbsp;obtuse-angled prominence occupying a position at the base of the largenbsp;boss. This transverse or flatly deltoid scar may be regarded as representing the horizontal side of the oval-triangular central area in the specimensnbsp;previously noted. Within this angle, the thickened walls of which arenbsp;suggestive of the leaf scar, we see the horseshoe-shaped loop, including onenbsp;or two small cicatrices. Indications of the more orbicular or prominentnbsp;development of the large boss are seen on the cortex on the left or in thenbsp;partially decorticated area on the lower right.

A better understanding of this fragment, which has been removed from the left branch of the trunk illustrated in PI. LXVII, Fig. 1, may, liowever,nbsp;be reached by an inspection of the opposite side of the same specimen, whichnbsp;is shown enlarged to twice the natural proportions in PI. LXVIII, Fig. 1. Thenbsp;conditions seen on the surface of the cortex of this specimen are as follows:nbsp;Within a broad, diagonally truncated bolster, suggestive of those of certainnbsp;Lepidodendra, we have, as before, near the middle, a prominence in thenbsp;form of a very obtuse angle, opening upward.^ The protruding walls ofnbsp;this angle rise slightly and increase in thickness in approaching the center,nbsp;where they in some instances form a very low deltoid area. The peripherynbsp;of this transverse area exhibits for a distance of from 1.75 to 2.5 mm.nbsp;on either side of the center a rugose surface of carbonaceous matter, sur-I�ounded apparently by a line of separation. The area inclosed by thisnbsp;fractured carbonaceous rim can hardly be anything else than the leaf cicatrix.nbsp;And I may add in this connection that none of the other specimens onnbsp;which the outer tissue is preserved seem to show any other definite evidencenbsp;of fracture or separation on the surface of the bolsters. From the lateralnbsp;angles of these leaf scars, which are often slightly crescentic, pass narrow,nbsp;vanishing ridges, which may lie in the same direction as the correspondingnbsp;side of the cicatrix �angle,� or they may curve somewhat upward beforenbsp;vanishing in the border of the large boss which they help to define. Thenbsp;vanishing ridges and crescentic prolongations probably play an important

'The orientation of the figure is based on the place of the fragment in the dichotomous trunk PI. LXVII, Fig. 1. The interpretation of this prominence as leaf scar, though somewhat tentative,nbsp;preserves the Lepidodendroid analogy in the holsters.

part in preserving the roundish, distinct outline of the boss seen in the impressions earlier described. It must be remembered that on the cortexnbsp;of the stems the interior surface of the lai'ge bosses is slightly concave. Anbsp;resemblance to the impressions is seen in several of the bolsters in the abradednbsp;and partly decorticated portion on the right in the figure. There is, however, when the entire cortex is preserved, no line of displacement or breaknbsp;in the continuity of the epidermis beyond the leaf scar along this large sub-circular or subtriangular boss that, in my judgment, can be construed asnbsp;marking the separation of any appendage or organ.

Proceeding to the observation of the characters above and within the angle of the leaf scar, we note, as seen in the photographic enlargement,nbsp;PI. LXVIIl, Fig. 1, an oval or slightly ovate area, the vertical diameter ofnbsp;which is about 2.5 mm., the transverse diameter being about 1.75 mm. Thenbsp;surface of this oval area is slightly raised as a boss above the concave surface within the large convex, rounded boss, and is bordered in many cases by anbsp;very narrow, low, and sometimes obscure rim, or by a narrow adjacent furrow. One or both of these conditions are possibly merely the result of pressure on the surface of the smaller, oval boss, since there is occasionally seennbsp;hardly moi�e than the sharply defined change of level in passing across itsnbsp;margin down to the large boss. I am inclined, however, to regard the narrow bordering rim, which is generally present, as normal. The lower end ofnbsp;this oval rim appears to become nearly contiguous to if not actually unitednbsp;with the leaf scar; and at the lowest point it seems, in a few bolsters, to dienbsp;out below, and partly inclosing, a small puiictiform mammilla, which, in onenbsp;instance, it appears to completely inclose. It is possible that this mammilla,nbsp;which is in many cases discernible, should be regarded as belonging to thenbsp;vascular trace of the leaf; but in the specimens before me it seems to benbsp;distinct from the leaf, if not, in fact, separated therefrom by a continuationnbsp;of the oval rim. AFithin the oval boss just described is a small concavenbsp;oval area, which is sometimes obscure in the lower part. This depression,nbsp;the margin of which is nearly parallel to the outer border of the oval boss,nbsp;the distance between being but little more than .5 mm., is deepest near thenbsp;upper end, where it surrounds a minute bordered pit or umbilicate trace.nbsp;The latter is the �trace� observed in the central area of the impressions andnbsp;decorticated stems first described. The true vascular trace of the leaf is

frequently defined in tlie carbon at the margin of the ovate-triangular, concave areas, representing the compressed large bosses in those specimens.

It remains also to note a minute mammilla, sometimes slightly depressed, occasionally seen a little above the upper margin of the large boss. This tracenbsp;lies within a loop of the low, round, vertical ridges sometimes crossing thenbsp;large boss. Though these ridges are sometimes clear in the molds or impressions, appearing as grooves or furrows, they are usually rather obscure onnbsp;the surface of the cortex, and may be entirely subcoi�tical.

Concerning the cicatricial traces within the leaf scar itself little can yet be said. What appears to be a vascular trace is observable in manynbsp;instances. Also certain obscure depressions in the bolster, which occupynbsp;the position of the respiratory appendages at the base of the leaf, seem tonbsp;be present; but I am far from certain that these appearances may not reallynbsp;be due to accident or other causes.

In the slab, Mus. Reg. 5636, photographed in PL LXVII, Fig. 1, we have a large forked segment showing on the left the full width of thenbsp;branch, the cast of the lower portion of which is still in place. The upper-part or impression is the mold or counterpart of the fragment, PL LXVIII,nbsp;Fig. 2, just discussed. The similarity of the preservation on the lower leftnbsp;to that found in the lower right on the same slab is at once apparent. Thenbsp;middle portion �f the branch on the right presents, however, tire same characters as the lower portion of the other branch. In fact, we have at oncenbsp;orr this specimerr irnpressiorrs of the large central corrvex boss of the typenbsp;origirrally described as Lepidodendron cyclostigma, the quadrangrrlar compressed bolsters, arrd the flattened bosses, showing distinctly the details notednbsp;orr the surface of the preserved stem. I am not absolutely certain whethernbsp;irr this slab we have a dichotomizing stern or trunk, or whether possibly twonbsp;trrrnks are superimposed. The facts that the bolsters below are hr accord-arrce as to directiorr, that those orr the right of the angle charrge the direction of curve, as is natrrral at a dichotomy, and that I find no intercalatednbsp;or separative zorre or material, save rrumerous plications of the corticalnbsp;tissues, make it seem most probable that the two branches are in actrralnbsp;urriorr. Such plicatiorrs are rrsually forrnd irr the arrgle of compressednbsp;Lepiclodendroid stems, and they are especially to be looked for in those innbsp;which the cortical tissues are eviderrtly spongy and therefore subject tonbsp;displacement urrder pressure.

The above notes cover the essential details of the species, so far as I can discern them, in the compressed specimens before me. But mentionnbsp;should be made of a number of other peculiarities in this singular as wellnbsp;as problematic tree.

To illustrate one of these I have partially represented in PL LXVI, Fig. 3, an impression or a mold to which the epidermis adheres. The margins of the outer boss appear to come nearly in contact with the margins ofnbsp;the bolsters in the upper part, although the latter can easily be traced to theirnbsp;apex, then curving inward and slightly downward, while becoming obscure,nbsp;to meet the oval boss a little below its apex, thus producing a somewhatnbsp;cordate effect. This aspect of the bolster and bosses is surprising!}- like thatnbsp;figured as the type of Lepidophloios ohcordatus by Professor Lesquereux.^nbsp;It is possible that both are referable to the same species. The oval bosses,nbsp;as well as the central mammillge, are very clear in tins specimen.

Another fragment, a part of which is photographed in PI. LXVI, Fig. 4, shows but a faint and frag-mentary trace of the bolsters here and there.nbsp;The surface is nearly flat, the larger bosses being nearl}^ obliterated, onlynbsp;the leaf angle and the oval bosses being left in slight relief Both the innernbsp;and the outer borders of the oval boss are defined, as is imperfectly seen innbsp;the photograph. This stem, the epidermis of which is in part preserved, isnbsp;further ornamented by several large, shallow pits of two sorts. The largernbsp;ones, in the lower portion of the specimen, are nearly circular, and nearlynbsp;equal in size the larger bosses of the other specimens. The details of theirnbsp;interiors are obscure. They show, however, traces of the two low, rounded,nbsp;vertical ridges passing across them, with a central oval trace. These shallow,nbsp;rounded pits, which are possibly caused by collapse of the large bosses,nbsp;may conform with the convex areas in the bolsters in the types studied bynbsp;Lesquereux, the vertical furrows and trace agreeing perhaps with the ridgesnbsp;and trace in No. 5502 of the Lacoe collection. The other form of depressionnbsp;seen in Fig. 4 is often elliptical, ti-aversing vertically the obscurely indicatednbsp;and wrinkled outline of the large boss. These elliptical pits are evidentlynbsp;coincident with the area and position of the vertical, rounded furrows seennbsp;in the round pits on the same fragments. The leaf angle and oval boss arenbsp;wholly obscured. This elliptical or horseshoe appearance of the verticalnbsp;ridges crossing the larger bosses, while never conspicuous in any of the

� Kept. GeoL Surv. lUiuois, vol. ii, 1866, p. 457, pi. xli, fig. 1 (not fig. 2, 2a).

specimens, is present and faintly visible in many of the bolsters of the fragment, Fig. 5, PI. LXVI. Although but little wider than the oval boss, it is much longer, extending in this case a little beyond the large boss andnbsp;including as usual the upper puuctiform trace near the truncated uppernbsp;margin of the bolster. In some respects the large, shallow depressions innbsp;this specimen are perhaps analogous to the abnormal or strobiliferons scarsnbsp;seen in some of the SigillaricB.

The difficult task of the interpretation of the details and of the ascription to the structures of their appropriate functions is largely a matter of speculation and hypothetical analogy. I shall attempt only to prove some of thenbsp;homologies between the trunk in hand and others of the Lepidodendroidnbsp;type, hoping that other paleobotanists more familiar with the Lycopodinem,nbsp;both living and fossil, will furnish more accurate and valuable correlations.

The type of cortex before us appears to be one characterized superficially by rather strongly protuberant, noncarinate bolsters, exhibiting in outline the general variations characteristic of the Lepidodendroid type.nbsp;These bolsters have large, roundish or ovate triangular bosses, on whicli arenbsp;placed the leaf scars and certain other structures. The large bosses werenbsp;probably highly prominent in the uncompressed stems, and were presumably composed, like the other portions of the bolster, largely of soft tissuenbsp;that has proved very susceptible to distortion and variation under the conditions of compression. Their prominence and lack of support well accountsnbsp;for their partial concealment beneath the folds of the adjacent portions ofnbsp;the bolsters in the flattened impressions, as well as for their displacementnbsp;toward the sides of the bolsters in many cases. The degree of deformation of the bolsters in this trunk exceeds the greatest variations fromnbsp;pressure I have seen in the bolsters of Lep)idodendron Veltheimianum Stb. ornbsp;L. clypeatum Lx. Pressure in a direction probably nearly vertical to the largenbsp;boss evidently produced the rounded impressions described and figured fromnbsp;the originals by Lesquereux as Lepidodendron cydostigma. From the lowernbsp;and more prominent part of the large flattened boss two nearly parallelnbsp;obscurely defined, broad, rounded, perhaps subcortical ridges pass upwardnbsp;across the boss, and apparently a little beyond it, then apparently unite innbsp;a horseshoe curve or rounded angle. Within the apex of this loop, andnbsp;apparently a short distance above the boss, is situated a rarely visible puncti-form trace. I am unable to state whether this long, obscure, vertical loop

is closed at the base to form an ellipse, though it slightly alfects that appearance ill the pits figured ill PL LXVI, Fig. 4. It may proceed on either side from the lateral wings of the leaf scar at the base of the boss. There isnbsp;nothing on the specimens before me to indicate an attachment of anynbsp;vegetative organ along its surface or margin.

Certain very important points as to the relations of the second, or oval, boss to the leaf scar remain to be determined. At present it is not definitelynbsp;ascertained whether the oval boss, which in a few instances appears to benbsp;closed at the base and barely contiguous with the transversely angular ornbsp;deltoid cicatrice, which I have called the leaf scar, is actually distinct from

with the other Paleozoic Lycopodinem, especially some of the Sigillarioid types, would, at first glance, lead us to inquire as to whether this oval bossnbsp;does not itself represent a part if not the whole of the foliar cicatrix. Thenbsp;evidence in support of such a supposition lies largely in the presence ofnbsp;the generally clear, narrow, very low, marginal rim of the boss and itsnbsp;.naturally suggestive similarity to the form of the cicatrices in some of thenbsp;Bothrodendra. Continuing the parallel with the Bothrodendroid or Sigillarioid scar, it appears that in this case the trace at the upper end in thenbsp;central oval depression may be the vascular trace, while, by reversing thenbsp;position of the specimen, the punctiform trace, which now seems either closenbsp;within or partly between the vanishing ends of the lower curves of thenbsp;oval, might be correlated with the trace just above the foliar cicatrices innbsp;Sigillaria and Bothrodendron. On the other hand, in opposition to the abovenbsp;hypothesis, the interior details of the oval, the basal angular or deltoid scar,nbsp;and the superior trace in the bolster, as well as the form of the bolsternbsp;itself, seem to be arraigned. The oval boss comprises an outer zone aboutnbsp;5 mm. in width inclosing an oval depression. I have found no traces withinnbsp;the latter except the umbilicate trace generally near the upper end, andnbsp;this shows on the cortex as a minute pit bordered by a raised carbonaceousnbsp;rim. In the impressions this trace causes a minute projecting jDoint. Next,nbsp;the slightly raised transverse cicatrix at the base of the oval boss and on the.nbsp;lower edge of the large boss showing a surface of separation, appears to benbsp;supplied with a vascular trace, and occupies the position of a leaf in the Lepi-dodendroid bolster. There are in a few instances even slight, though quitenbsp;uncertain and perhaps worthless, signs of the subfoliar appendages. Much

depends on tlie relation of the oval boss to the transverse scars, which I have designated as leaf cicatrices, and these relations can perhaps be ascertainednbsp;only by the discovery of additional material. On those bolsters the corticalnbsp;tissue of which appears best preserved and intact the rim of the oval bossnbsp;would seem in some cases, as shown in the photograph, PL LXVIII, Fig. 1, tonbsp;be nearly but not quite tangential to the transverse scar, the punctiform tracenbsp;being slightly within the outer oval boundary. In this matter the evidencenbsp;of other bolsters would, however, seem somewhat conflicting. It should benbsp;, remarked that in those bolsters in which the base of the oval is most clearlynbsp;defined the vertical diameter of the transverse, or leaf, scar seems considerably foreshortened in the course of fossilization. It is quite possible thatnbsp;better or uncompressed material will show a confluence of the oval rim withnbsp;the transverse scar, in which case the punctiform trace may represent somenbsp;expression or development of the vascular strand of the leaf

If it be found, as seems to be indicated in some instances, especially where the protruding leaf scar is abraded, that the rim of the oval boss isnbsp;really in union by a narrow connection with what is here, perhaps erroneously, interpreted as the leaf scar, the conditions will be perhaps bestnbsp;satisfied by assuming that the oval boss was the seat of some expansion ornbsp;unfamiliar structure on the ventral surface at the base of the leaf, of whichnbsp;it would form a part. In such an arrangement the trace above the largenbsp;boss might be the homologue of the so-called �ligule� scar, while the smallnbsp;umbilicate trace in the central depression would constitute a new basis fornbsp;speculative analogy. However, while far from conclusive, the signs atnbsp;hand appear to point to a lack of such a union. In either case, assumingnbsp;that I am not mistaken in treating the transverse basal scar as proper tonbsp;the leaf rather than as a mere fracture or abrasion, we would seem to havenbsp;a cortex marked by prominently bossed Lepidodendroid bolsters, in thenbsp;axils of whose leaves was situated either some organ or appendage attachednbsp;to the oval boss, or else, as appears more probable, an oval plaque in thenbsp;depression of which was a minute umbilicate trace, the purpose of which isnbsp;unknown. In accordance with such an hypothesis the punctiform trace nearnbsp;the upper edge of the main boss might be homologized with the upper appendage trace or pit of the typical Lepidodendron, while the minute trace closenbsp;above the base of the leaf, if it proves to be distinct from the latter, may lienbsp;analogous to if not homologous with the so-called �ligular pit� in those stems.

Whatever the interpretation offered, the superficial characters of these stems seem to be quite different from those of any of the existing Lycopo-dineons genera. Consequently, in an earlier publication I proposed fornbsp;those trees with this type of embossed cortex the generic name Omphalo-pJiloios. The diagnosis of the genus, of which 0. cyclostigma is the type, isnbsp;postponed until the relations between the oval boss and the leaf cicatrixnbsp;are more clearly demonstrated.

A specimen which I regard as representing a decorticated or Knorria state of this type strongly resembles the Knorria of Bothrodendron, tonbsp;which genus ours is pei�haps most closely allied.

Loccdities.�The originals described by Lesquereux from Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, are Nos. 5501 and 5502 of the Lacoe collection, �. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus. Later accessions are from Deepwater, �. S. Nat. Mm?., 60771;nbsp;and from Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat Mus., 5636, 6024, 6030. Thenbsp;Knorria fragment, of doubtful identity, is from Gilkerson�s Ford.

1820. LepidodendroH Sternberg, Flora d. Vor\Y., vol. i, fasc. 1, pp. 20, 25 (pais).

1822. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Glathraria Brongniart, M�m. mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, p. 209.

1823. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bhytidolepis Sternberg, Flora d. Yorw., vol. i, fasc. 2, j). 36.

1890. Sigillaria Gamptotcenia Grand �Eury, G�ol. et pal. bassin bouill. Gard, p. 262.

1857. An Sigillaria rimosa Goldenberg, FI. Saraep. Foss., vol. ii, p. 22, pi. vi, fig. 1 (2-4?)?

1869. Sigillaria rimosa Gold., Yon Roehl, Foss. PI. Steiiik. Westphalens, p. 93, pi. xxx, fig. 5.

1894. SiffiUaria rimosa Gold., Nathorst, Pal. Fl. Arkt. Zone, p. 64, pl. xvi, flgs. 9,10. 1860. An Lepidoclendron harbatum F. A. Eoemer, Beitr. z. Kenntn. n w. Harzgeb., pt.

iv, p. 196, pl. xxxi, fig. 12?; Pala�ontograpliica, vol. ix, p. 40, pl. viii, flg. 12? 1860. Asolcmus camptotcenia H. O. Wood, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. xii, p. 238,nbsp;pl. iv. flg. 1.

1806. Sig�laria camptotcenia H. C. Wood, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xiii, p. 342, pl. ix, flg. 3.

1886. Sigillaria camptotcenia Wood, Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. Ixxxviii, flgs. 4-6; text (1888), p. 588.

1866. SigiUaria monostigma Lesqnereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, j). 449, pl. xlii, flgs. 1-5.

1870. Sigillaria monostigma Lesqnereux, Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 446, pl. xxvi, flg. 5.

1879. SigiUuria monostigma Lesqnereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 15, pl. Ixxiii, flgs. 3-6;

1870. Lepidodendron cruciatum Lesqnereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 432, pl. XXV, flg. 2.

1877. Psetidosigillaria monostigma (Lx.) Grand �Eury, Fl. carb. Loire, p. 144.

1890. Fseiidosigill aria monostigma (Lx.) Grand �Bury, G�ol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pp. 173, 200, pl. ix, flgs. 4, 5, 6.

1890. Pseuclosigillaria dimorplia Grand �Eury, G�ol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pl. ix,

1890. Sigillaricc-Camptotcenia monostigma (Lx.) Grand �Eury, G�ol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 262, pl. ix, flgs. 4-7.

1890. Sig�laria-Camptotcenia gracilenta Grand �Eury, G�ol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 262, pl. ix, fig. 0 (pl. xxii, flg. 1?).

1894. Asolanus dimorplia (Grand �Eury) Potoni�, Jahrb. k. Pr. geol. Laudesanst., 1893, p. 36.

1884. An Sigillariostrobus Jjaurencianus Ijesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 794?

1870. Sigillarioicles sfellaris Lesqnereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 450, pl. xxix, flg. 3.

1879. Stigmaria stellaris Lesqnereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 15, pl. Ixxiv, flg. 7 (flg. 5?); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 516.

1883. Stigmaria ficoides Brongn. var. stellata Goepp., Lesqnereux, Eept. Geol. Surv.

1890. Stigmaria ficoides Brongn. var. stellata Goepp., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 1074, text fig.

Trunks large, branching rarely if at all, noncostate; surface of the cortex marked between the usually distant foliar cicatrices by rough, irregular, ropelike strim or strands, especially distinct where the outer cuticlenbsp;has been removed, in relief or semirelief, nearly covering the intermediatenbsp;cortex, very coarse in the older trunks, somewhat meshed in irregular

longitudinal areoles, flexuose, and coursing from either of the four sides of every rhomboidal leaf scar toward the proximal side of the corresponding leaf scar, so that the principal and most conspicuous strands radiatenbsp;from each leaf scar to the four nearest scars, the intermediate strands in thenbsp;rhomboidal areas thus formed tending toward parallelism with the bordernbsp;that is nearest; foliar cicatrices borne on small bolsters, more or less distant,nbsp;usually quite distant, probably in vertical rows, though plainly affecting anbsp;spiral arrangement, varying greatly in angle even in'the same segment,nbsp;transversely rhomboidal, with the lateral angles very acute and more or lessnbsp;pi�oloi:iged, varying in altitude, the margins more concave in the verticallynbsp;broader scars, or nearly straight in the vertically narrow forms, roundednbsp;below, often more or less distinctly emarginate at the upper edge, which isnbsp;bordered above by a narrow, smooth, somewhat crescentic zone nearly one-half the altitude of the leaf scar, the convex, truncate-rounded marginnbsp;upward, the wings or lateral angles tapering to the lateral angles of thenbsp;scar, the upper border indented by a V-shaped depression which reachesnbsp;nearly to the upper margin of the leaf scar and includes the suprafoliarnbsp;punctiform trace; bolsters fusiform-triangular in a longitudinal sense, thenbsp;broader end, narrower than the superimposed leaf scar, being upward andnbsp;more prominent, while the lower end vanishes as an oblique section of anbsp;cylinder at the level of the cortex; sui'face of the bolster below the leaf scarnbsp;and contiguous thereto bearing a thin, downward-rounded apronlike field,nbsp;the lower margin of which is nearly semicircular; vascular trace small,nbsp;situated near to or a little above the middle of the leaf scar, punctiform ornbsp;slightly elongated horizontally; lateral cicatricules a little distant on eachnbsp;side, narrow, linear-crescentic, nearly meeting both above and below thenbsp;vascular trace, often having the appearance of, if not actually forming anbsp;ring or slightly obovate cicatricule, reaching nearly to the upper and lowernbsp;margins of the leaf scars; partially decorticated stems, showing the roughnbsp;striations less distinctly, substriate, and presenting only the somewhat linear-triangular outlines of the bolsters, marked by the cicatricular ring, the leafnbsp;scar and its superior and inferior fields being removed with the cuticle, or,nbsp;when further stripped, revealing a Knorria form, the blunt, slightly prominent upper ends of the narrow, distant elevations corresponding to thenbsp;vascular traces, while the intermediate surface is minutely and irregularlynbsp;striated. '

The jDeculiar type oi Sigillaria described iii 1860 by Dr. Wood as Asolanus camptot(Bnia and by Professor Lesquereux in 1866 as Sigillarianbsp;monostigma is now one of the more familiar and most easily recognizednbsp;species in tbe Coal Measures of the United States. Therefore little neednbsp;be added by way either of description or of illustration to the material published by the latter author in the Reports of the Greological Survey ofnbsp;Illinois and the Coal Flora.^

However, some additional details ascertained during the course of a critical examination of the leaf scars in the materials lately received, as wellnbsp;as in the older collections in the United States National Museum, are worthynbsp;of a brief consideration.

As generally seen, the fragments of Sigillaria camptotcenia show well enough the characters of the interfoliar cortical surface, but the leaf scarsnbsp;are presented in the published figures in a variety of aspects, some of whichnbsp;have been erroneously described as superficial, owing to the relative delicacynbsp;and consequent general absence of the tissue surmounting the narrow bolsternbsp;or cushion. Thus the lateral angles of the foliar scars which seem to benbsp;most fragile are often first to be lost, leaving an apparently rounded, narrownbsp;leaf scar against which the cortical striations abut, the latter appearing, innbsp;fact, continuous over the surface originally covered by the leaf-scar angles.nbsp;Suggestions of this phase are seen in the photographs, FI. LXIX and PI.nbsp;LXX, Fig. 4. It is also well shown in Weiss�s fig. 25, pi. iv, vol. ii, of thenbsp;� Sigilliarien,� though the striations in the cortex of the fragments illustratednbsp;are hardly typical of the species. When still further decorticated or abradednbsp;the leaf cushions often have the appearance shown in fig. 4 of pi. Ixxiii ofnbsp;the Coal Flora. But in tlie best-preserved fragments we find the round,nbsp;narrowly obovate-triangular or obovate-fusiform bolster, which does notnbsp;even protrude so far as to become semicylindrical as it rises to the support

iThe general aspect of the decorticated and Knorria stages is seen in Rept. Geol. Snrv. Illinois, vol. iv, 1870, pi. xxvi, fig. 5; op. cit., vol, ii, 1860, pi. xlii, fig. 4; Coal Flora, pi. Ixxiii, figs. 5, 6. Partially decorticated fragments are illustrated, Kept. Geol. Snrv. Illinois, vol. iv, pi. Ixxiii, figs. 2, 5; Coalnbsp;Flora, pi. Ixxiii, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6. The same conditions as well as the suiiracortical aspects are figurednbsp;by Weiss, Sigillarien, vol. ii, 1893, pi. iv; and Grand 'Eury, G�ol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pi.nbsp;ix, figs. 1, 6, 7, and 8.

The facies of the outer cortex is well represented by AVood, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., vol. xii, 1860, pi. iv, fig. 1; Traus. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xiii, 1866, pi. ix, tig. 3. The form of the leaf scars isnbsp;seen in Lesquereux�s figures. Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, 1866, pi. xlii, figs. 1, 3, and 5; Coal Flora,nbsp;pi. Ixxiii, fig. 3, ^-ud in the figures cited under Zeiller in the above synonymy. The details of thenbsp;foliate scars illustrated by AA^eiss, op. cit.. pi. iv, are the most complete and satisfactory yet published.

of the leaf, surmounted by (1) the leaf scar, the lateral angles of which project sharply beyond the borders of the cushion; (2) a thin apron ornbsp;surplice-like area or shield which extends downward from the leaf scar,nbsp;and is more or less round or sometimes even nearly semicircular in its lowernbsp;outline. In some instances the boundary of this appears to correspond withnbsp;the impression of the bolster, as illustrated in fig. 3 of the second volumenbsp;of the Illinois reports. This area, which is dimly indicated in the partiallynbsp;decorticated fragment, Fig. 4, PI. LXX, and further in Fig. 3, is wellnbsp;delineated by Weiss. In addition to this field the bolster supports anothernbsp;narrow transverse field contiguous to the upper border of the leaf scar.nbsp;This vertically narrow field, which in its widest portion near the median linenbsp;is neaidy one-half the altitude of the leaf sear, rounds on either side of thenbsp;middle to tapering acute lateral angles lying against the angles of the leafnbsp;scar, which is but little wider horizontally. This superior field, the lowernbsp;border of which is the upper outline of the leaf scar, seems in a few cases tonbsp;have been misinterpreted and misfigured as a part of the foliar cicatrix, annbsp;error easy to understand after a comparison of the photographs. Fig. 3 ornbsp;Fig. 1, PI. LXX. In Fig. 3, however, which represents a specimen on whichnbsp;a portion of the epidermis is preserved, it is clearly seen. Here it is foundnbsp;in most cases to be interrupted at the median line by a V-shaped depression,nbsp;which penetrates from the upper border nearly across the field to the leafnbsp;scar. In the angle or depression thus formed is situated the suprafoliar,nbsp;punctiform cicatrix or �ligular scar.� In many of the specimens this depression resembles a V-shaped incision, but in reality the details of this fieldnbsp;agree with interesting precision with material illustrated by Weiss andnbsp;Sterzel.^

In most of the stems and impressions, especially those from which the epidermis or a portion of the subjacent tissues have been removed, thenbsp;lateral cicatricules of the leaf scar present what appears to be a slightlynbsp;ovate or subannulate structure encircling and often obscuring the vascularnbsp;trace. In the figure above referred to, which represents most of the cuticle,nbsp;these cicatricules are linear-cresceiitic, and, while in one scar they appear tonbsp;unite above, they are distinctly separate at the base. The close scrutiny ofnbsp;others convinces me, however, that they are a little distant at the top also.nbsp;These details agree substantially with those illustrated in fig 23A on the

interesting plate published by Weiss. Some of our leaf scars show evidence of ornamentation near the lower border between the lower ends of the lateral traces, but it is too obscure for satisfactory description or delineation.

The homology of these extensively developed traces with the lateral cicatricules of the leaf scar in Lejndodendron or Le2)idophloios, which arenbsp;regarded by Potonie as the cross sections of transpiration strands, leads usnbsp;to conclude that, if the hypothesis is not incorrect, the transpiration tissuenbsp;of Sigillaria camptotcenia was extensively developed, occupying a considerable portion of the interior of tlie leaf.

Another interesting feature in the species before us is the presence of interfohate scars similar to those of other species of Sigillaria, especially thenbsp;Tessellata and Favularia groups. The specimen (Fig. 3) from which thenbsp;details of the bolster and leaf scar described above are taken is a portionnbsp;of a slender stem or branch 46 cm. long and about 8 cm. wide, flattenednbsp;and lenticular in section. Scattered somewhat irregularly on the lower 11nbsp;cm. of this fragment are seen a number of rounded or oval pits, which,nbsp;when the epidermis is preserved, are found to be bordered by a smooth,nbsp;irregularly rounded zone containing a rather large central trace. Thesenbsp;scars are quite independent of the leaf scars, which are-complete and regularly disposed in the phyllotaxy, though perhaps slightly dwarfed. It isnbsp;possible that they represent adventitious roots. But it seems more probablenbsp;that they are the homologues of the interfohate scars supposed to representnbsp;the cicatrices of the fallen strobili in other species of Sigillaria.

As yet neither the cones nor even the mode of branching of Sigillaria camptotcBnia is definitely known. The cone described by Lesquereux^ asnbsp;Sigillariostrohus Laurencianus and referred by him to the species in hand isnbsp;not in actual union with the cortex contiguous to it in the fossil state.nbsp;While appearing to represent a true Sigillariostrohus, its specific referencenbsp;appears to be based solely on the circumstance of commingled fragments innbsp;the material from Kansas.^ ,

To Sigillaria camptotcenia probably belongs the Lepidodendron cruciatum described in 1870^ from a single decorticated specimen with coarse, oblique

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The specimens now in the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum are, as Professor Lesquereux pointed ont, loc. cit., p. 794, clearly congeneric if not speciflcally identical with thenbsp;cones earlier described by him as Trochophyllum clavatum, Coal Flora, xgt;. 65, pi. iii, fig. 21.

strije intersecting at the obscure scars. Likewise the Sigillaria Grand 'Eiiryi of Lesqnereux/ which was separated from S. camptotmiia on account of thenbsp;close leaf scars and the smooth cortex, is perhaps of doubtful specific value.nbsp;The type specimen, which is comparable to fig. 8 (Psendosigillaria dimorplia)nbsp;on pi. ix of Grand �Eury�s admirable work on the flora of the basin of Gard,nbsp;is certainly extremely closely related. The leaf scars are close and obscure,nbsp;the cortex being partly removed or wholly wanting in portions of the fragment. The fact that it is found at Cannelton, Pennsylvania, where S. canip-totcBnia is present in great numbers, necessitates great caution in discussingnbsp;its specific individuality.

After examining all the material at my disposal I am convinced that the roots or rhizomes described as Sigillarioides stellaris�^ and later referrednbsp;by Lesqnereux to Stigmaria^ belong to the subterranean or subaqueousnbsp;portions of Sigillaria camptotoinia.

Although Sigillaria camptotoinia is now known in most of the coal fields of Eui�ope, there still remain some differences of opinion as to the identitynbsp;of Dr. Wood�s tree with that described by Goldenberg as Sigillaria rimosa.nbsp;Thus, while Zeiller,'^ Grand �Eury,�^ and Weiss� express their assurance thatnbsp;the two species are identical, in which viewquot; Potonie'' and Kidston� concur,nbsp;Lesqnereux and Nathorst� have questioned the propriety of the union. Itnbsp;is true that the quite distinct separation of the lateral cicatricules, wquot;hichnbsp;constituted the principal difference, in the judgment of Professor Lesquereux,nbsp;between S. rimosa Gold, (non Sauv.) and S. monostigma Lx., have been shownnbsp;to be due to error, since the cicatricules of the original type of fig. 1 onnbsp;2)1. vi of the Flora Sar0B2)ontana Fossilis has been shown by Weiss andnbsp;Nathorst, each of wquot;hom has refigured a 25art of the original, to agree, 23er-ha2)s indistinguishabl}quot;, with those of S2)ecimens whose identity wquot;ith ournbsp;S2)ecies is indubitable. The extreme obliquity of the iuterfoliar corticalnbsp;strise in Goldenl)erg�s figure, wdiich, as Nathorst 2)oints out, do not pass so

quot;Jahrb. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad,, 1893 (1894), p. 35. �Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxvi, pt. 1,1891, p. 16.

directly nor meet the four neighboring scars as in S. camptotcenia, is hardly less apparent in Weiss�s or Nathorst�s figures of portions of the type specimen.nbsp;The difference is still more marked in the small sketch given by Schenk.^nbsp;For my own part I can say only that among several scores of specimensnbsp;from the Coal Measures of Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, Inbsp;have not seen any with strise arranged in this manner. This form, togethernbsp;possibly with the phases illustrated by Weiss, op. cit., figs. 24 and 28,nbsp;appears to represent a variation tending toward the other Leioclermarice.nbsp;At least they are not typical of the American form, though their departurenbsp;therefrom may be less than varietal in importance. I regard fig. 2 of Grold-enberg�s plate as quite different from the species in hand, as may alsonbsp;be figs. 3 and 4 of the same plate. The Lepidoclendron barhatum ofnbsp;Roemer^ seems to be near these, though it may be merely a fragment ofnbsp;Sigillaria camptotcenia in which the leaf scars are abraded or partiallynbsp;decorticated.

The reference of Grand �Fury�s Sigillaria camptotcBnia gracilenta to Dr. Wood�s species, made by Sterzel,� and more recently by Potoni�,^ in hisnbsp;very interesting studies on the zone variations in Sigillaria, may be fullynbsp;substantiated by an examination of the American material, while phases,nbsp;such as that named Pseudosigillaria diniorplia on Grand �Fury�s plate,� arenbsp;well illustrated in the fine series from Cannelton, now a part of the Lacoenbsp;collection in the United States National Museum.

The discovery almost simultaneously by Weiss� and Zeiller� on the trunks of Sigillaria Brardii Brongn. of both the typical form and arrangement of the scars of that species and other distantly disposed scars referablenbsp;to S. spimdosa Germ, has since been supplemented by abundant evidence,nbsp;thus proving the impracticability of longer attempting to maintain the distinction of Clathraria or Cancellata and Leioderniaria. Accordingly, most

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beitr. z. geol. Keniitn. n.-w. Harzgebirges, p. 40, pi. viii, fig. 12.

3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;J. T. Sterzel, in Weiss; Sigillarien d. Preuss. Steinkolil. u. RotU., pt. ii, p. 67, footnote.

^ Die Wecbael-Zonen-Bilduug der Sigillariaceen: Jahrb. d. Ic. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad., 1893 (1894), p. 36.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

s G�ol. et pal. bassin bouill. Gard, pi. ix, figs. 7, 8. Fig. 7 is also cited in the text as Sig. campt. monosUgma.

6 Beobaohtungen an Sigillarien von WettiuundUmgegend : Zeitscbr. d, deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xli, 1889, p. 376.

�Sur les variations, de formes du Sigillaria Brardii Mrongn\a.it: Bull. soc. g�ol. Fr., (3) vol. xvii, p. 603, pl.xiv.

paleobotanists are now agreed in treating the forms previously distributed in the above sections as a single group or subgenus of Sigillarise. Thusnbsp;they were made by the late C. E. Weiss the subject of an elaborate andnbsp;admirable discussion, since completed with conscientious efficiency andnbsp;delicacy by Dr. Sterzel, under the title Die Suhsigillarien} This term fornbsp;the group was adopted by Potouie,^ who for the Rhytidolepis, Tessellaia, andnbsp;Favularia sections (or Rhytidolepis in the broadest sense) employs the groupnbsp;name Eusigillarice. M. Glrand �Eury, who at first ranged the species groupednbsp;about Sigillaria camptotcenia in a genus which he named Pseiulosigillmda andnbsp;placed in the Lepidodendrece,^ has since restored them to the Sigillaricenbsp;under the comprehensive group term Sigillarice-camptotcBnice,^ which cumbersome and inconvenient term he adopts, in the singular, for generic use,nbsp;employing for the type described by Wood the name Sigillaria-camptotcenianbsp;monostigma Lesq. Potoni� rightly points out the propriety of retaining fornbsp;Wood�s genus, amended, the original name Asolanus.

It is interesting to note that Nathorst ^ particularly remarks on the characters in common between Sigillaria rimosa and Bothrodendron {Cyclo-stigma ) Kiltorkense Haught. sp., which he regards as probably related, whilenbsp;Weiss� includes in the Suhsigillarm both the Cyclostigma {Bothrodendron f)nbsp;Kiltorkense, and the genus Bothrodendron, the latter being enrolled as a subgenus of Sigillariece. To the writer the group of species centered aboutnbsp;S. camptotcenia Wood, S. corrugata Lx., or Bothrodendron, seems to stand onnbsp;the side of the Sigillariece that is nearest the Lepidodendrece, between whichnbsp;and the Sigillariece it helps to bi�idge the gap.

Sigillaria camptotmnia is distinguished from other species in the group Subsigillarice by the concave lateral margins of the distant leaf scars, thenbsp;attenuated lateral angles, the very long, linear, crescentic, lateral cicatincules,nbsp;extending nearly the whole height of the scar and apparently forming annbsp;oval or obovate ring, and especially by the ropy, meshed cortical striationsnbsp;extending from each leaf scar to the four scars nearest thereto.

' Die Sigillarien der Prenssischen Steinkohleu und Rothliegendengebiete, vol. ii; Die Griippe der Subsigillarien: Abb. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesaiist., N. F., Hft. 2, Beilin, 1893, pp. xvi, 255. Atlas, pi. i-xxviii.nbsp;'�Loc. cit., p. 24.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Op. cit., p. 64.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidophloios f sigillarioides Lesquerenx, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 13, pl. Ixviii,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidophloios sigillarioides Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. ii, p. 425.

Trunks large, the epidermis finely longitudinally shagreened over the traces o� broad, low, irregular, diagonal or longitudinal, irregularly meshed,nbsp;strandlike, very obscure ridges of the cortex; bolsters usually distant,nbsp;apparently spirally arranged, small, very broadly obovate or obovate-triangular, smooth, nearly covered by the leaf scar and two verticallynbsp;narrow fields, one superior and one inferior to the leaf scar; leaf scar onnbsp;the upper part of the small bolster, transversely rhomboidal, laterally acute,nbsp;the transverse diameter being greater than the width of the bolster, sub-angular at the apex, slightly acute at the lower angle, the margins on eithernbsp;side of the latter being distinctly concave; inferior field contiguous to tlienbsp;lower borders of the leaf scar, equal or nearly equal to the latter in transverse diameter, and having the lower margin rounded or nearly semicircular; superior field very narrow vertically, extending nearly the wholenbsp;width of the scar, the middle portions of the sides nearly straight, thenbsp;medial angle rounded-truncate or even slightly emarginate, marked justnbsp;above the center by a minute punctiform trace; vascular cicatricule near ornbsp;a little above the middle of the foliar cicatrix, transverse, short; lateralnbsp;cicatricules linear-crescentic, arching outwmrd, the upper ends close, nearnbsp;the margin of the scar, the lower portions approaching nearly to the vascularnbsp;trace; subcortical phases and cones unknown.

While examining the specimens in the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum I was much interested at finding three specimensnbsp;from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, which had been identified by Professor Lesquereux as Sigillaria fissa Lx. The inspection of one (No. 6660)nbsp;of these specimens revealed at once the general very close resemblance ofnbsp;the parts connected with the leaf scar to the corresponding portionsnbsp;of Sigillaria camptotmnia Wood. But my attention was at once engagednbsp;by the similarity of the impression of certain portions 'of the cortex, innbsp;which the bolsters were so flattened in the course of fossilization as tonbsp;partially cover the scars, to the structui-e figured in the Coal Flora from the

type of LepidopJiloios ? sigiUarioides Lx4 Later I received from Dr. Britts, througli whose unfailing courtesies I have had the opportunity to studynbsp;many of the paleohotanical types from the Missouri Coal Measures, thenbsp;original type described and illustrated hy Lesquereux. A comparison ofnbsp;this type with the material labeled SigiUaria fissa, mentioned above, showsnbsp;at once not only that they all belong to the same species, but that the fragments belong to the same individual, since No. 6660 is merely the adjoiningnbsp;and contiguous segment of stem fitting against the type partially illustratednbsp;as Lepidopliloios sigiUarioides. The two fragments were either separated atnbsp;the time of collection or one was afterwards misplaced. Both of these fragments, which may be treated as one, i-epresent the impression of a trunknbsp;12 cm. or more in width on the matrix. No. 6659, a portion of which isnbsp;shown in PI. LXX, Fig. 2, is a fragment of that portion of the flattenednbsp;stem itself which made the impression just described, and when placed innbsp;its original position it is found to lie across the line of fracture between No.nbsp;6660 and the type of the Lepidophloios, covering, in fact, a portion of both.

The intimate relationship of the species in hand to SigiUaria campto-teenia is very obvious. The bolsters are distant and similar, though shorter and proportionately wider in the material under consideration, there beingnbsp;but little trace of the bolster below the inferior field. The outer surface of the stem is finely shagreened, the longer axes being longitudinal.nbsp;There are even slight traces of an irregular, ropy striation comparable tonbsp;8. camptotcenia, but the broad strands are low, when present, faint andnbsp;nearly vertical. As in the latter species, the leaf scars project beyond thenbsp;bolster, and are apparently epidermal in their connection; but the scar isnbsp;more angular above, and, especially, rather narrowly angular below, sonbsp;that the vertical diameter is proportionately much greater, the lower margins being much more convex. The superior and inferior fields are muchnbsp;broader vertically in S. camptotcenia. In S. sigiUarioides the lateral cicatri-cules are higher in the leaf scar, distinctly separate, and more arched.

SigiUaria fissa Lx., as described and figured from the Southern Anthracite field of Pennsylvania,Mias the cortex marked in �narrow, undulate, smooth lines,� its scars � cordate,� emarginate, and its punctiform vascular

^Lesquereux, Proc, Boston Soc. X. H., vol. vi, 1854, p. 426; Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, 2, 1858, p. 871, pi. xiii, fig. 4.

trace near the center of a triangular-obovate, raised placque, or possibly a ring. The figure of the species is quite unsatisfactory, but Ave may infernbsp;from its details that it represents a species belonging to the Suhsigillarice.nbsp;It is, however, impossible to identify the character of the leaf scar, as givennbsp;in both the figure and the description of 8. fissa, Avith those seen in thenbsp;type of LepidopMoios sigillarioides. Hence, notwithstanding the unpleasantnbsp;features of the binomial, there seems, in compliance Avith the laAvs of nomenclature, no alternatiAm to the preservation of the earlier specific appellation,nbsp;and the consequent designation of the species as Sigillaria sigillarioides.

Localities.�Near Clinton, Henry County, Missouri. The portion figured by Lesquereux is in the collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton.nbsp;Fi�agments of the same specimen are Nos. G659 and 6660 of the Lacoenbsp;collection in the United States National Museum. Hobbs�s coal mine,nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mus., 6173.

1818. PhytoUthus iessellatus Steiiiliauer, Trans. Atner. Pliil. Soc., vol. i, p. 295, pi. vii, flg. 2.

1835. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PhytoUthus tessellatus Steinli., Holland, Hist. Descr. Foss. Fuel, p. 94, text flg. 5.nbsp;1820. An Pahnacites variolatus Schlotlieim, Petrefactenkinide, p. 393, pi. xv, fig. 3�,nbsp;1828. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Broiigniart, Prodrome, p. 05.

1836. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongniart, Hist. veg. foss., vol. i, p. 430, pi. clxii,

1850. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Broiign., Mautell, Piet. Atl., p. 27, pl. Aq fig. 8.

1855. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brougn., Geinitz, Yerst. Steinkohl. Sachsen, p. 44, pl. V, figs. 0-8.

1857. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Goldenberg, El. Foss. Saraejn, vol. ii, p. 29, figs. 14,15.

18^9. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Schimper, Trait�, vol. i, p. 8 (pars), pl. Ixviii, flg. 2 (figs. 1,3?).

1875. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., W. H. Bailey, Figs. Char. Brit. Foss.,

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Yerst. b�hm. Kohlen-Abl.,

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Zeiller, Y�g. foss. terr. houill., j). 132,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 14,

1881. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Weiss, Aus d. FI. d. Steink., p. 4, pl. i, fig- 4.

1880. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinli.) BroDgn., Zeiller, FI. foss. bassin honill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. Ixxxv, figs. 1-4, 4�., 5-9, 9�; pi. Ixxxvi, figs. 1-6; text (1888), p. 561.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria tessellata (Steinb.) Brongn., Weiss, Sig. d. Pr. Steink., vol. i, p. 56,

1888. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkoblen, p. 199, pi. iv, fig. 9. 1890. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinb.) Brongn., Orand�Enry, G-�ol. et pal. bassin bouill.nbsp;Gard, p. 252, pi. x, flg. 10.

1833. Favniaria tessellata (Steinb.) Bindley and Hntton, Foss. FI., vol. i, p. 205,pi. Ixxiii, pi. Ixxiv, pi. Ixxv.

1836. Sigillaria Knorrii Brongniart, Hist. veg. foss., p. 444, pi. clvi, figs. 2,3; pi. clxii, flg. 6.

1857. Sigillaria Knorrii Brongn., Goldenberg, FI. Foss. Sartep., vol. ii, p. 28, pi. vii, flg. 18.

1876. Sigillaria Knorrii Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst, b�bni. Koblen-Abl., vol. iii, p. 9, pi. i, flgs. 7, 8.

1836. An Sigillaria alveolaris (Stb.) Brongniart, Hist. veg. foss., vol. i, p. 443, jd. clxii, flg. 5?

1841. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamosyrinx Ziciclcaviensis Petzboldt, De Bal. et Cal., p. 28, pi. ii, flgs. 1, 2.

1842. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Galamosyrinx Ziciclcaviensis Petzboldt, H. Jabrb. f. Min., p. 183, pi. v.

1848. Sigillaria Ziciclcaviensis (Petz.) Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Pal., ii. 1145.

1848. Sigillaria Morandii Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. bouill. Belg., j), Ivii, flg. 4.

1887. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sigillaria Morandii Sanv., Weiss, Sigill. d. Pr. Steink., vol. i, p. 60, pi. xv, flg. 24.nbsp;1848. Sigillaria sexangula Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr. bouill. Belg., pi. liii, flg. 1 (flg. 2?).nbsp;1848. Sigillaria contigtia Sauv^eur, V�g. foss. terr. bouill. Belg., pi. Hi, flg. 1.

1870. Sigillaria lalayana Scbiiuper, Trait�, vol. ii, p. 84, pi. Ixvii, flg. 2.

1880. Sigillaria lalayana Scbimper, in Zittel: Handb., vol. ii, p. 205, flg. 155.

1874. Sigillaria Dournaisii Brongn., Scbimper, Trait�, Atlas, p. 24, pi. Ixviii, flg. 2. 1879. Sigillaria mammillaris Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 14, pi. Ixxii,nbsp;flg. 5 (flg. 6?); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 483 (pars).

1883. Sigillaria alternans L. and H., Acbepobl, Mederrb.-Westfal. Steink., p. 24, pi. v, flg. 3.

A few fragments of tlie carbonized cortex of this species Avere found among the fragments of black laminated �bone� from Jordan�s coal mine.nbsp;The leaf scars, Avhich are very close vertically, are separated horizontallynbsp;by a faintly flexuose, lineate furrow, so that our specimens very closelynbsp;resemble, both in size and in aspect, the enlargements of Sigillaria cumiilatanbsp;paucistriata given by Weiss ^ in his elaboration of the Favularice. Thenbsp;form in hand probably represents the variety y of Brongniart.

'Die Sigillarien d. Preuss. Steinkohleu: Abh. d. geol. Speoialk. Pr. u. Thtiring. St., vol. vii, 3, p. 30, pi. ix, figs. 34 a, h.

many paleontologists, among whom is Professor Zeiller,^ the two species are nnited by most authors, including Professor Lesquereux. The latter,nbsp;however, seems to have so interpreted the character of the species as tonbsp;make it include a number of forms placed by European paleobotanists innbsp;other species, while assigning to 8. mammillaris Brongn. certain types whichnbsp;appear to harmonize better with the European 8. tessellata.

The genus 8igillaria offers perhaps the best illustration of the difficulty of identifying the fossils of one continent in accordance with the insufficientnbsp;descriptions, imperfect or often misleading figures, and frequently en-oneousnbsp;nomenclature and synonymy in the earlier literature of another and somewhat distant continent. It is no cause for wonder if many of the identifications of material in America made in dependence on the Europeannbsp;literature of the first three-quarters of this century are found on a comparison of specimens to be faulty.

1848. Sigillaria ovata Sauveur, V�g. foss. terr, Eouill. Belg., pi. li, fig. 2.

1886. Sigillaria ovata Sauv., Zeiller, PI. foss. bassiu houill. Valeucienues, Atlas, pi.

1883. Sigillaria Lssenia Achepohl, Niederrh.-Westfal. Steink., p. 118, pl. xxxyi, fig. 9.

Several fragments of stems belonging to the subgenus Lliytidolepis exhibit oval scars of the proportions illustrated by Sauveur under the abovenbsp;name. They are also closely related to forms determined by Professornbsp;Lesquereux as 8. mammillaris var. latior and 8. orbicularis, or still more closelynbsp;to a new species^ from the Anthracite series of Pennsylvania.

Until the American material in this genus is somewhat revised it seems impracticable to attempt to point out the specific differences betweennbsp;examples referred to the above-named species and others found in thisnbsp;country.

1809. PliytolWms verrucosus Martin, Petrificata Derb., pis. xi, xii, xiii*; Syst. arrangement, p. 23.

1818. Phytolithus verrucosus (Martin) Steinhauer, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. i, p. 208, pi. iv, figs. 1-4 (5, 6?).

1820. Tariolaria Jicoides Sternberg, FI. d. Vorw., vol. i, fase. 1, p, 24, pi. xl, figs. 1-3 1822. Stigmaria Jicoides (Stb.) Brongniart, M�m. Mus. hist, nat., vol. viii, pp. 228, 239,nbsp;pi. 1, lig. 7.

This ubiquitous species, ranging through the greater part of the Carboniferous epoch, is too Avell known to all geologists to require further description in order to secure its recognition. Besides the figures to benbsp;found in nearly all text-books and general paleontologie works, it has beennbsp;specially illustrated in many papers. Of particular importance among thenbsp;latter is �A Monograph on the Morphology and Histology of Stigmarianbsp;Ficoides,� by the late Prof. W. C. Williamson, published by the Pala�onto-graphical Society.^ No attempt is here made to cite the numerous descriptions, the multitudes of figures by Ooeppert and others, or the somewhatnbsp;varied synonymy, beyond reference to the earlier binomial appellations.

The specific identity of the specimens figured by Parkinson, Steinhauer, and Martin with those illustrated by Sternberg and Brongniart, on Avhich most paleobotanists agree, invoh^es a nomenclatural situationnbsp;of no little embarrassment. Steinhauer, whose specific terms are as farnbsp;as possible respected by most authors, cites Parkinson�s excellent figure,^ while adopting the binomial designation proposed for this type andnbsp;both defined and illustrated by Martin.� There is no doubt as to the specific identity of Parkinson�s illustration, and it is generally inscribed in the

�The construction and scope of the name Phytolithus verrucosus are clearly and explicitly defined in Martin�s � Outlines of an attempt to establish a knowledge of extraneous fossils on scientific principles.� Macclesfield, 1809. See Sect, v, �Principles of nomenclature,� pp. 198-205. See �Petrificatanbsp;Derhiensia,� 1809, Systematic Arrangement, p. 23, pis. xi, xii, xiii*.

LYCOPODIALES�SIGILLAEIE^�STIGMAEIA.

synonymy^ of Stigmaria ficoides, as are also the reduced figures given by Martin and Steinhaner. We appear, therefore, to have had in use for this Stigmaria a sufficiently defined and illustrated binomial appellation of earlier date thannbsp;the name proposed by Sternberg. Hence, if thisls true, we should, in the consistent observance of laws generally just and tending to uniformity and precision in paleontologie nomenclature, employ the earlier name of the species,nbsp;although conscious of the annoyance or disadvantage to geologists and othersnbsp;not in close touch with paleobotanical literature resulting from the referencenbsp;to this most familiar fossil under an entirely unfamiliar specific name.

Among the specimens in the present collection is one with rather distant pits, the intermediate surface being rugose and irregularly wrinkled longitudinally. It is difiicnlt to say, however, to what extent these characters may be due to the pressure the fragment has'evidently undergone.

Locality.�Giilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6271; also in shale from the same region, transmitted by Dr. J. H. Britts.

1866. Stigmaria Evenii Lesquereux, Eept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 448, pi. xxxix, fig. 9.

1879. Stigmaria Evenii Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pi. Ixxv, fig. 1.

1886. Stigmaria Evenii Lx., Zeiller, PI. toss, bassin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pi. xci, fig. 7; text (1888), p. 618.

1841. Unger, Chloris Protogiea, p. liii; Synopsis, 1845, p. 136, and (aSlS^i^, anahathra) Gen. Sp. PI. Foss., 1850, p. 228.

1841. Goeppert, Gattungen, p. 47; Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. iii, 1851, p. 279. Ueber-gangsgebirge, 1852, p. 245. Foss. FI. perm. Form., 1864, p. 198.

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;0. Feistmantel, Verst, b�hm. Koblen-Ablag., vol. iii, p. 41.

1886. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kidston, Cat. Pal. PL, p. 203; Yorkshire Carb. Flora, pt. i, p. 7.

1890. Renault, FI. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 552 (cites Parkinson).

�I have not thought it necessary to reflgure the common aspects of Stigmaria ficoides with its attached rootlets. Every geologist is familiar with these forms. Such figures have been well supplied by Martin under the name of PhytoUthus rerrncotus; by Artis as Picoidites furcatus, verrucosus,nbsp;and major; by Lindley and Hutton and by Corda as Stigmaria ficoides.� (Williamson, Monograph ofnbsp;Stigmaria ficoides, 1887, p. 2.)

1890. Stigmaria Uvenii Lx., Grand �Eiiry, G�ol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pi. xiii, figs. 7 B', 13.

1880. Stigmarioides Evenii Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. i, p. 333, pi. Ixxv, fig. 1.

1890. Stigmarioides Evenii Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol.iii, p. 1077, text fig. 1890. Stigmariopsis Evenii (Lx.), Grand �Eury, G�ol. et pal. bassin bouill. Gard, p. 243,nbsp;pi. xiii, figs. 7,13.

Althougli the scars on the specimens which I refer to this species are slightly smaller than those illustrated in fig. 1, pi. Ixxv, of the Goalnbsp;Flora, they are in perfect agreement with material from Mazon Creek,nbsp;Illinois, labeled by Professor Lesquereux under the above name. One ofnbsp;the specimens from Missouri is 26 cm. in length, over 15 cm. in width, andnbsp;nearly flat, thus indicating for the root a great size as compared with thenbsp;very small umbilical scars. The latter appear to be proportionately smallernbsp;than in the specimens figured by Zeiller and Grand �Fury. M. Grandnbsp;�Fury illustrates^ a most interesting erect trunk of an unmistakable Sigillarianbsp;(¹S'. Mauricii) of the Rliytidolepis group, 150 cm. long, in which the lower portion for nearly 75 cm. between the ribbed portion and the point of origin ofnbsp;the roots is slightly dilated, cylindrical, and Syringodendroid in its sculpture.nbsp;The rapidly tapering roots which diverge, apparently radially, from the basenbsp;of this trunk are identified as Stigmaria Evenii^ which name is engraved onnbsp;the plate, although the figure is cited in the text as Stigmariopsis Evenii Lx.nbsp;The latter genus is used by Grand �Fury to designate the usually relativelynbsp;short, tapering roots at the base of Sigillarioid trunks, while the Stigmaricenbsp;are regarded by him as floating or submerged independent rhizomes capable of transformation and the development of SigillaricB whenever theynbsp;might encounter favorable conditions or the proper environment.

Stigmaria Evenii Lx. is easily distinguished from the other species described from this country by its small scars quite irregularly and unevenlynbsp;arranged.

The fragment illustrated in PL LXX, Fig. 5, is one of two specimens, apparently impressions, to which the epidermis or a portion of the corticalnbsp;layers still adheres in the form of a thin carbonaceous residue. The surface,

as will be observed iii the figure, is marked by irregularly flexuose, subparallel, distantly anastomosing, narrow, sharp, rugose ridges. The fragments appear to belong to some root or rhizome. The suggestiveness of the sculpture of the cortical striation of Sigillaria camptotcRnia, which is found at thisnbsp;locality, leads me to suspect that it may be a part of that tree, although thenbsp;specimens have no trace of a rhomboidal arrangement or of cicatrices.

INCERT^ SEDIS.

T^ISTIOEHYLLE^.

1878. Twniophyllimi Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soo., vol. xvii, p. 331; Coal Flora, vol. ii, 1880, p. 461.

1878. Desmiopliyllum Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, p. 332; Coal Flora, vol. ii, 1880, p. 556.

Axis attaining a diameter of 10 cm. or more, simple (quot;?), straight, or flexuose, concealed in compressed specimens by a thick mat of the decurrentnbsp;leaf bases, and marked in the decorticated impressions by numerous oval ornbsp;linear-oval umbilicoid small scars among lax, variable, subparallel vascularnbsp;striae; leaves (!) crowded at the strongly decurrent narrowed bases, curvingnbsp;outward and radiating parallel, linear, straight, or lax, appearing in compound specimens as ribbonlike, fine-nerved, delicate impressions, 8 to 35nbsp;cm. or more in length, 3 to 20 mm. in width, the sides parallel except nearnbsp;the base, with a very thin carbonaceous residue marked here and there atnbsp;distant points by very small oval umbilical scars, and covering a longitudinal fascicle of strands 1 to 3 mm. wide, and either straight or windingnbsp;irregularly with slight curves within the borders; uncompressed leavesnbsp;probably oval or cylindrical, lax, and consisting of a central (!) fascicle or anbsp;vascular axis, between which and the outer sheath the tissue is eithernbsp;lacuneous or very delicate and perishable, so that the central fascicle isnbsp;usually relaxed as if in a cavity during fossilization; the small oval umbilicoid scars occurring generally remotely on the leaves correspond to thenbsp;irregular points of origin of other smaller leaves (!) extending out, generally

at a very open angle, from the larger ones; nervation usually obscure but often distinct in portions of the same leaf; nerves parallel, close, rounded,nbsp;numbering about 40 to the centimeter; epidei�mis marked with rows ofnbsp;longitudinal cells or fine striae numbering about 18 to the millimeter.

The fragments collected at Deepwater by Dr. Jenney, of the United States Geological Survey, and by Dr. Britts, furnish some interestingnbsp;details as to the superficial characters of Tceniopliylhim, although the genericnbsp;type still remains unique and somewhat anomalous among Paleozoic plants.nbsp;The general form of the organism, as seen in a number of specimens, comprises a great number of streamer-like, rather delicate leaves whose decurrent and crowded bases cover and conceal a thick, somewhat rigid axisnbsp;several centimeters in diameter. On one large slab, which is 80 cm. longnbsp;and 48 cm. wide, there is near the left border a portion of a trunk ornbsp;branch about 5 cm. in diameter, its surface covered by the matted and carbonized compressed decurrent bases of the leaves, which pass off, nearlynbsp;parallel, to the right, becoming somewhat crinkled in the matrix, butnbsp;apparently as wide at the broken ends as at any point in the remainingnbsp;portions. Most of the leaves are large, some of the incomplete segmentsnbsp;being 30 cm. long and generally 15 to 17 mm. in width. Mingled withnbsp;these leaves are portions of small leaves somewhat irregularly disposed.nbsp;The general aspect of the segments of these organs, which for the sake ofnbsp;convenience I shall call leaves, is better seen in PI. LXXI. This specimennbsp;shows the usual very thin pellicle of coaly residue, with its minute striationnbsp;or rows of cells, while here and there the rather fine nervation is visible tonbsp;the unaided eye, although it is more often scarcely to be distinguished withnbsp;a lens beneath the striated epidermis.

Showing clearly through the compressed wall of the leaf is seen the loose fascicle of parallel longitudinal vascular strands, about 2 or 3 mm. innbsp;width, passing straight or with a sinuous course at various oblique anglesnbsp;to the nervation. This fascicle or axis is seen in nearly all the leaves, andnbsp;branches pass from it into the smaller leaflets. It is clear that these lie innbsp;the interior of the leaf In their form and mode of occurrence they arenbsp;suggestive of the axis of the Stigmaria rootlet and may be the homologuenbsp;of the latter. Here and there on the leaves small umbilicoid or Stigma-rioid cicatrices are found. They are never frequent, but are usually rathernbsp;distant, and, so far as I have observed, they are without a regular system

of phyllotaxy. These cicatrices, several of which are indicated in the figure last mentioned, are the points of origin of small leaflets, fragmentsnbsp;of -which are noticed on the large slab. Usually these leaflets are foundnbsp;still attached to the larger leaf The form of the scars of the small leaves,nbsp;as well as the irregular sinuosity of the axis within the larger leaves, suggestsnbsp;that the latter, when uncompressed, are cylindrical or rounded, a suggestionnbsp;that is demonstrated by a number of cross fractures, two of which arenbsp;obliquely seen in PI. LXXI. It is probable that the main body of thenbsp;tissue within the relatively thin wall of the leaf is composed of delicatenbsp;material, such as thin-walled parenchyma cells, perhaps with cavities,nbsp;environing the central fascicle or axis, so that during the maceration attending fossilization the interior often became hollow or partially so, thusnbsp;releasing the unsupported axis, which lies somewhat flexuose between thenbsp;walls of the collapsed leaf In No. 644 these axial fascicles, which maynbsp;also be found in the leaflets, are plainly seen, as is also the nervation.nbsp;Specimen No. 645 shows a rather slender segment of what aj^pears to be anbsp;slender branch, 10 cm. long and 8 mm. wide near the base, bearing severalnbsp;leaflets, seemingly without system, and terminating in a tuft of leaves.

The mutual relation of the leaflets is better indicated in Fig. 4, PI. LXIII. Here we find a segment which seems by its texture, nervation,nbsp;striatiou, the presence of the rather lax fascicle, and its size to represent annbsp;isolated leaf or small axis from which pass several leaflets. The latter havenbsp;the characters of the larger leaflets. At both upper points of division wenbsp;see the bases of two leaves, apparently originating at the same or approximate points. This feature, as well as the general aspect of the largenbsp;segment, may be compared with the figure of Desmwphyllum gracile given bynbsp;Lesquereux in the Coal Flora.^ The type of the latter species and genusnbsp;is now No. 9251 in the Lacoe collection, it having fonnerly rested in thenbsp;Lesquereux collection. As noted by Lesquereux,^ the round points showingnbsp;scars of bundles of leaves are seen all along the stem. This fasciculatenbsp;habit of the leaves in some places, while at other points they were single,nbsp;seemed anomalous to him. In fact, this character appears to have constituted the essential basis for the separation of this type from Tceniopliyl-Imn, with the leaves of which the leaves of Desmiopliyllimi were said to

1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PI. Ixxxii, fig. 1. Proc. Aiiier. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, 1878, pi. liii, fig. 1, p. 333.

agree. A close examination of the axis of Desmiopliyllum shows, however, that the leaves come from scars closely, although irregularly, situated, as innbsp;the Missouri specimen. The scars, which are likewise umhilicoid, arenbsp;scarcely arranged in nodes, though an approximation to grouping is seen innbsp;both specimens. Finally, the nature of the leaf, with thin walls, an internalnbsp;lax vascular fascicle, and small umbilicate scars, is, as Professor Lesquereuxnbsp;remarked, apparently the same as in Tmiiopliylhmi. In short, the re-examination of the original of Desmiopliyllum and the comparison of the latternbsp;with the Missoiiri specimen of T(Bniophylluni now under considerationnbsp;leave, in my judgment, no generic distinction between the Uvo plants, thenbsp;essential differences, such as the greater frequency of the scars on the mainnbsp;segment and the finer and more obscure nervation in the former, being ofnbsp;merely specific value. Accordingly I have little hesitation in uniting thenbsp;genus Desmiopliyllum to Tieniophyllum, which preceded it in the literature.

The compressed condition of the main axes, whicli are covered with a thick mask of flattened carbonized leaf bases, conveys but little information that is satisfactorj' regarding the mode of attachment of the largernbsp;leaves. Portions, however, of two fragments, .Nos. 647 and 648, exhibitnbsp;what appear to be impressions of segments of the axes. These, which arenbsp;slightly rugose, striated, and covered with rather coarse vascular lines,nbsp;are marked, generally indistinctly, by rather close, small, Stigmarioid scars,nbsp;narrowly obovate, or nearly V-shaped at the base. The mode of arrangement of these scars, which plainly correspond to those of the leaflets on thenbsp;leaves, is not at all clear, owing perhaps to imperfect exposure or deformitynbsp;of the axis itself, but here and there they have at least the appearance ofnbsp;being spirally arranged. If this is the case, the scars may be 3 or 4 mm.nbsp;distant in the same spiral, the distance between the spirals being aboutnbsp;5 mm. Additional material is needed in order to definitely ascertain theirnbsp;true relations.

The generic identity of the specimens from Missouri with the specimens from Cannelton described as Tceniophylluni is at once apparent on an examination of the original specimens described by Professor Lesquereux.nbsp;The thin-walled, cavernose character of the compressed leaves of Tcenio-pliylhmi and their decurrent bases were described by the author of the genus.nbsp;The material from Cannelton in the Lacoe collection well illustrates thenbsp;contraction of the leaf bases, and the lax, flexuose, fascicular axis. In fact.

the leaves of T. decurrens, which is nearest to the species from Missouri, differ only by the rather small size, the greater infrequency of the branching, and the slightly finer, usually more obscure, nervation.

The leaf scars on the main axes appear also to be umbilical though very narrow, being, in fact, linear-ovate. This is the case on all the segments of main, axis found, including Xo. 9256 of the Lacoe collection, anbsp;part of which is seen in fig. 1 on pi. Ixxxi of the Coal Flora. The V-shapednbsp;traces delineated in that figure erroneously represent merely the roundnbsp;lower ends of the leaf scars. The generic identity of the plants fromnbsp;Missouri and Pennsylvania is strong and most unequivocal.

With regard to the relations of the plants in the genus Tceniophyllum, little that is conclusive can yet be said. When first describing the genus ^ Professor Lesquereux was disposed, on account of the form and supposed modenbsp;of attachment of the leaves, to associate it with the Gymnosperms, thoughnbsp;regarding it as perhaps constituting a family distinct from the Gordaitece.nbsp;Later, in the second volume of the Coal Flora,^ he describes the occurrencenbsp;of spores in the cavernose leaves, and ranks the genus with the Lycopodiacece,nbsp;with a suggested comparison with Isoetes, a comparison and presumednbsp;relation that are emphasized in the third volume¹ ² of the same work. Thesenbsp;spores are present in two or three of the specimens in the collection. Theynbsp;are undoubtedly macrospores of the Triletes type, and, since I am unablenbsp;to find any of them actually within the leaves, their position being, onnbsp;the other hand, in groups or singly scattered irregularly about among thenbsp;leaves,^ I am led to regard them as extraneous. It seems probable that, asnbsp;frequently happens with these bodies, they were lodged or drifted amongnbsp;the leaves of the Tceniophyllmn, just as were the pinnules of Linopterisnbsp;and fragmeirts of Pecopteris found associated with the group of spores innbsp;one of the specimens from Caunelton, and should not therefore have greatnbsp;influence in any speculation as to the affinities of the genus.

A circumstance of considerable interest, if not significance, is the association, described in one specimen by Lesquereux,� of the leaves ofnbsp;Tceniophylluni with the Caulopteroid fern trunks published by him as Ste7n-niatopteris Schimp)eri. The specimen. No 9250 of the Lacoe collection,

� Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., vol. xvii, 1878, p. 330. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;= P. 463.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� P. 788.

Tceniophyllum hrevifoUmn Lx. they are not described as found within the leaves. See Coal Flora, vol. iii, P-1^88.

discussed in the Coal Flora, shows, as there remarked, a segment of Stem-matopteris, about 70 cm. long, the upper part of which is clear, while the lower pai�t is so associated with the leaves of Tmniopliyllum, which streamnbsp;downward at an angle of about 25� to the trunk, that it seems impossiblenbsp;to decide whether' they are not organically united to the trunk. Thenbsp;presence of the Triletes among the leaves seems to have constituted the essential reasons for his conclusion that the leaves of the TcBnioplvylhmi were foreign to the fern trunk. For my own part, after a close scrutiny of the trunknbsp;I am unable to show that the leaves were not joined to the trunk, althoughnbsp;they are found streaming down from one side only. No. 9260, identifiednbsp;by Lesquereux under the same name, shows another unmistakable fragment of trunk, associated in the same way with the typical leaves of Tcenio-pliylhm with Triletes and other plant fragments mingled therewith. So alsonbsp;Nos. 9257, 9262, 9265, labeled as T. deciirrens, and No. 9272, and apparentlynbsp;9275, marked as T. contextum Lx., present the same phases of association ofnbsp;the leaves with the fern trunk in such a relation as to leave one uncertainnbsp;as to their union. The circumstantial evidence, including (1) the partial ornbsp;total obscurity of the Caulopteroid scars in the lower parts of the trunksnbsp;beneath the bases of the leaves; (2) the apparent impossibility of followingnbsp;any of the leaves from one side of the trunk across and beyond on the othernbsp;side; (3) the angle of contact of the leaf with the mass of matted bases onnbsp;the trunk; (4) the direction of the leaves downward, though generally outward, and not always on the same side; (5) the similarity of the compressednbsp;fragments of axes of Tceniophyllum on which no Caulopteroid scars arenbsp;visible with the interpetiolar surfaces of the Stemmatopteris, which arenbsp;apparently indistinguishable; (6) the blending of the carbonaceous residuenbsp;of the leaves with that of the superficial tissue of the fern trunk, and (7)nbsp;the occurrence in No. 9265 of unmistakable TmniopJiylhmi leaf scars andnbsp;good leaves on different portions of a long segment of trunk showing whatnbsp;can hardly be else than somewhat masked scars of Stemmatopteris, arenbsp;sti�ongly in favor of an organic relation of the leaves with the trunks.

Against an hypothesis which may presuppose a ramental function for the T(Bniopliylhmi would, on the contrary, seem to stand the branching habitnbsp;of the leaves, as shown in PI. LXIII, Fig. 4, which I can hardly explain asnbsp;penetrative rootlets of Stigmaria. Even the epidermal features of the leafnbsp;itself seem to argue against such a view. Nevertheless, the habit of these

thin-walled cylindrical �leaves,� with loose axial fascicle within cavities of secondary, if not primary, origin, and the irregularly disposed leaflets,nbsp;which, like the larger leaves, are contracted at the base to a small oval ornbsp;linear-oval, more or less distinctly umbilicate point of origin, may be construed as perhaps indicating a radical homology. But while in some respects the afiinities of T(Bnio2)hyllwn seem to be strongest with Stigmaria ornbsp;Stigmariopsis, its association with Stemmatopteiis, although it may be onlynbsp;circumstantial, is so remarkable as to command a consideration as possiblynbsp;representing appendicular organs of the latter. The impression gained fromnbsp;the examination of the specimens from Missouri is that they Avere suited tonbsp;an extremely humid habitat, if they Avere not subaqueoAis in their groAvth.nbsp;It is, however, quite possible that material Avill be found that Avill shoAvnbsp;TmniophyUum to be a Stigmarioid type.

Localities.�Deepwater, �. S. Nat. Mus., 6070; Owen�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6068; Hobbs�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6069.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidoxylon anomalum Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, xa. 334, jil.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lepidoxylon anomalum Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 17, jaI. Ixxxiv (pi. Ixxxiii,

fig. 5 ?); text. Ami. ii (1880), p. 557 (excl. ref. � Schizopteris anomala Broiigu. f�).

Axis linear, robust, attaining a diameter of 5 cm. or more, giving origin on all sides to numerous, apparently irregularly disposed, rather distant,nbsp;lax, linear, flat or flaccid leaves or leallike appendages, and rather denselynbsp;clothed Avith short, linear, upAvard-curving, chaffy scales, or densely andnbsp;irregularly lineate when decorticated; scales irregularly disposed, 1 to 4nbsp;distant, linear or linear-lanceolate, 9 to 15 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. Avide,nbsp;thin, very finely lineate in probable correspondence to the longitudinalnbsp;rows of cells, tapering upward from near the base to a slender acute apex,nbsp;slightly convex dorsally, very oblique, nearly erect or closely imbricated,nbsp;narrowed at the point of origin to a slightly prominent discoid attachmentnbsp;about 1 mm. in diameter; leaves or appendages slender, rather distant,nbsp;open, lax, linear, probably cylindrical or cavernous, narrowed near the

downward-curving base, glossy in the compressed state, minutely liueate, about 6 or 7 lines to the millimeter, the primary leaves 4 to 8 mm. wide,nbsp;branching irregularly at very variable distances, usually singly, sometimesnbsp;nearly fasciculately, and traversed in the fossil condition by a longitudinal,nbsp;flexuous, somewhat irregular vascular band or lax strand, about .75 to 1nbsp;mm. in width, which gives off a division to pass through the small, somewhat oval, Stigmarioid attachment into and along each more slender branch,nbsp;�2 to 3 mm. in width, of the primary leaf

The sole type on which the above description is based is the large fragment, a portion of the upper part of which is illustrated in pi. Ixxxiv ofnbsp;the Atlas to the Coal Flora. The original specimen, recently presented tonbsp;the United States National Museum by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri,nbsp;longitudinally traverses a slab 40 cm. in length and 22 cm. in width. Thenbsp;axis is compressed to a thin and somewhat uneven interior cast, which, onnbsp;account of its variances from the cleavage surface, is so fractured as tonbsp;expose portions of the fossil at all its levels, although it is difficult at anynbsp;point to ascertain its precise width. Thus, as is very imperfectly indicatednbsp;in the plate just referred to, the upper surface, covei�ed with the imbricatednbsp;appressed scales, is shown in places, or the impression of the epidermis onnbsp;the lower side of the stem is exposed, revealing the bases of the scales ornbsp;their cicatrices, as happens to be the case over the most of the surfacenbsp;included in the tigm�e, while cleavage from the smooth surface of the leavesnbsp;on the back side of the trunk, or at an angle slightly oblique to the planenbsp;of the latter, shows the leaves behind or the matrix beneath the trunk.nbsp;Such a fracture by a cleavage plane oblique to the axis has, naturally, produced a rounded profile, shown in the figure, at one-point in the upper partnbsp;of the specimen, and this circumstance appears to have given rise to thenbsp;description of the stems or branches as �tapering up to a conical point.�^nbsp;Three centimeters farther the broken surface of the slab returns to the levelnbsp;of the upper surface of the stem, which is again found continuing in itsnbsp;normal position and direction, clothed with the appressed scales. Thenbsp;apparent width of the trunk is about 6.5 cm. at the base (assuming thatnbsp;the scales and �leaves� are directed upward) and nearly the same near thenbsp;upper end of the segment, indicating no positive diminution. The margin

on the right is more or less crumpled. No leaves are shown to the right of the profile of the stem.

The scales are very much longer and closer than shown in fig. Ih in the Coal Flora, and form by this imbi-ication a dense thatch. I am unablenbsp;to detect any trace of a median nerve in their thin, slightly dorsally convexnbsp;lamina. The miimte, roundish, irregularly disposed, slightly prominentnbsp;cicatrices, ranging from 1 to 3 mm. distant, may be seen in the lowernbsp;part of the trunk segment to correspond to the positions of the inflatednbsp;scale bases. The enlarged detail of these scars, which should be markednbsp;Dy a minute central punctation, is disproportionate as compared with thenbsp;scales in the published figure.

The leaves, which are relatively few, are generally inclined slightly downward near the trunk. None of the leaves on the slab, except a fewnbsp;erect bases near the top, issue from the upper surface of the trunk, and Inbsp;am unable to find any that fork, the dichotomies illustrated in the typenbsp;figure being cases of crossing or mere superposition, as is shown by carefully uncovering them. The figure fails to show that the leaves on the leftnbsp;and the larger ones at the top of the portion delineated in the Coal Floranbsp;come from beneath the trunk and are exposed within its profile, at a slightlynbsp;lower level, by reason of the cleavage of the shale from their glossy surface.

As to the characters of the leaves or appendages themselves, it is sufficient to say that there seems to be no essential distinction betweennbsp;those of the type segment and those of TmniopliyUwn. In tlie large segmentnbsp;of Lepidoxylon cmomalum they are apparently joined by a narrowed base tonbsp;small Stigmarioid cicatrices, the texture is very finely lineate, perhaps by thenbsp;longitudinal rows of cells, the lax, often wrinkled, and apparently cylindrical, or possibly cavernous, interior is traversed by a loose, flexuose, oftennbsp;slightly twisted, band of nerve bundles, which is parted to supply a strandnbsp;for each of the irregularly occurring smaller leaflets or branch appendages,nbsp;and the latter are likewise continued linear, with the same features, except thenbsp;smaller size, from their Stigmarioid points of origin. Usually these irregularly disposed branchlets are extremely distant, but in a few cases twonbsp;or three originate close together, while in one case, low on the left, fournbsp;spring close together from the parent leaf in a manner extremely suggestive of the Besmiophylhmi, mentioned in the remarks on Tceniopliyllum lati-foliim.

So far as I am able to detect from the examination of the large type described by Professor Lesquereux, the only distinctions between the generanbsp;Lepidoxylon and Tceniophyllum are the presence of the foliaceous scales, and thenbsp;more open, distant, and ramose habit of the leaves in the former. That bothnbsp;types are extremely intimately related is evident, the question being merely asnbsp;to whether the differentiation is of more than specific importance. Both generanbsp;are found as segments of robust longitudinal axes of large size, about whichnbsp;are gathered, usually at an acute angle and a uniform orientation, ribbonlike,nbsp;delicate, collapsed leaves or appendages, agreeing in texture, apparent modenbsp;of origin, the loose central vascular ribbon or strand, the irregular branching, with Stigmarioid traces, etc. While entertaining little doubt as to thenbsp;generic identity of the type in hand Avith the genus Tmniophy�lum, I leavenbsp;it under its original generic designation in deference to the judgment ofnbsp;its author. It is not improbable that the other fragment, figured by Professor Lesquereux as fig. 5, on pi. Ixxxiii, is genei�ically distinct from Tcenio-phyllum.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*

As to the systematic position of the type in hand, there is little to add to what has been said of TmniopJiyllum. That both types belong to a formnbsp;of vegetation as far advanced as the higher Cryptogams there is little doubt.nbsp;It seems, however, that Avhether we assume that they be Stigmarioid ornbsp;filicoid in nature, they should perhaps better be oriented so as to permitnbsp;the leaves, ivhich, although the form of their distal extremities is unknoAAUi,nbsp;are very strongly suggestive of Stigmaria, and the foliaceous scales, likewise suggestive of fern ramentum, to decline. It is highly probable thatnbsp;the small area of cicatrices described from one of the trunks of TceniopJiyllmnnbsp;Jatifolium con-esponds to the epidermal impressions in the type in hand, sincenbsp;they are similar in size, form, and distance, and it is not difficult to discovernbsp;here and there, in small areas, a spiral arrangement in the accidental localnbsp;grouping of the cicatrices in the specimen in hand. The features of thenbsp;impression of the stem showing only the srriall scale cicatrices are perhapsnbsp;indistinguishable from the type described as I Cauloiiteris acantophora Lx.,nbsp;or the large segments occurring in the E vein at the Butler mine nearnbsp;Pittston, Pennsylvania, which have been regarded as derived from portionsnbsp;of the cortex of a squamose fern trunk or from a true Stigmarioid form.

Locality.�The type illustrated in pi. Ixxxiv of the Coal Flora is from Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6082.

GYMNOSPERMS.

CORDAITACE^.

1849. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pychnopliylluni Brongniart (non R�my), Tabl. d. Gen., p. 65.

The study of the structure of the plants long known as Cordaites has revealed an organization having some of the characters of the Cycads, somenbsp;in common with the Taxinece, yet presenting an ensemble quite foreign tonbsp;either. Hence they have more recently been set apart as constituting anbsp;distinct family, which, while it may have been ancestral to other later types,nbsp;is without direct relation to any known living plants.

Recognizing from the great diversity of fruits in the Carboniferous, that can hardly have been produced by any other group of associatednbsp;plants, that several genera must exist in this family, Grand �Eury dividednbsp;the original genus, as we have known it in our American literature, intonbsp;three genera, viz, Cordaites, Dorycordaites, and Poacordaitesd Still anothernbsp;type, Scutocordaites,'^ was later differentiated by Renault and Zeiller, whilenbsp;the discovery of a peculiar form in the Devonian of Pennsylvania aboutnbsp;the same time led to the description of a fifth genus, Dictyocordaites, by Sirnbsp;William Dawson.^ The characters of the leaves of these genera may benbsp;briefly summarized as follows:

Cordaites.�Leaves thick and transversely enlarged at the point of attachment, simple, sessile, entire, lanceolate, spatulate, rounded at thenbsp;summit or obovate, 20 to 90 cm. long, usually very large, coriaceous,nbsp;traversed for nearly their whole length by fine, equal, or unequal parallelnbsp;nerves, which dichotomize several times. To this section or genus belongnbsp;some of the species of wood described as Dadoxylon, Cordaioxylon, andnbsp;Araucarites or Araucarioylon, the bai'k, Cordaifloyos, the fragments of pith

sComptes Kendus, vol. C, 1885, p. 869; FI. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. 2, 1890, p. 203.

�Amer. .Jour. Sci., (3) vol. xxxviii. 1889, p. 2; Canad. Reo. Sci., vol. iv, 1890, p. 2.

known as Artisia, and the leafy branches named Cordaicladus, while the flowers are included in the AntholitJii or Cordaianthi. Cordaicarpus is referrednbsp;by Grrand �Eury to this type as the fruit.

Dorycordaites.�Leaves of variable length, according to age, always lanceolate, much thinner, and less fleshy than in the preceding genus,nbsp;terminating in a point, and marked by very much crowded, slender, equal,nbsp;or nearly equal parallel nerves. To this genus Grand �Eury^ refers thenbsp;thin-winged Cardiocarpi, or Saniaropsis, and Botryoconus.

Poacordaites.�Leaves very long, narrow, perhaps as long as 40 cm., Avhile only 1 ciu. wide, linear, tapering slightly and obtuse at the summit,nbsp;rather fleshy, borne on slender branches, the scars being transverse, slightlynbsp;arched, and much narrower than in Cordaites. The nerves are simple,nbsp;equal, parallel, all springing from the base of the leaf. The fruit of thisnbsp;genus, according to Grand �Eury, is Taxospermmn.

Scutocordaites.�Leaves for a long time persistent on semicircular salient cushions, rounded and contracted at the base, finally divided into numerousnbsp;narrow, erect, rigid, stringlike strips. Nerves strong and prominent in thenbsp;lower part of the leaf, separated by fine, parallel striae

JDictyocordaites.�Leaves persistent, long, ribbonlike, probably truncate o]� uneven at the apex, nerves sharp, forking at an acute angle and occasionally anastomosing to form linear, acute, somewhat irregular areoles. Fructification terminal on the branches.

Professor Renault, to whom more than any other we owe our knowledge of the anatomy of the members of this family, has recently given a mostnbsp;excellent summary of this knowledge in his magnificent report on the plantsnbsp;from the Permian basin of Autun and Epinac, in which he includes thenbsp;results of his late extensive examination of the rich materials from thesenbsp;localities of world-wide fame for the exquisite preservation of their abundantnbsp;silicified vegetable remains. For the detailed account of the internal organization of the pith, wood, bark, root, leaves, inflorescence, pollen, and seedsnbsp;the reader is referred to his concise and admirable descriptions.^ Manynbsp;of the details there given are of great interest to the student of recentnbsp;plants as well as the investigator of the structure of fossil stems. Among

'^Etudes des gltes niin�raux de la France. Publi�es sous les auspices de le Ministre des Travaux Publics. Bassin liouiller et Permien d�Autun et d�Epinac, fasc. iv, p�lore fossile, 2nie partie, par B.nbsp;Renault. Atlas, 1893; text, 1896. See pp. 332-3.quot;)2.

the salient points of more general interest may be mentioned the absence of primary wood in the trunks, the presence of both the primary andnbsp;secondary development in the roots, while the vascular strands of thenbsp;nerves in the leaves comprise a triangular primary axis partially surroundednbsp;by a secondary growth. The trees of the Cordaitece grew rapidly to a considerable height, branching only near the top. The dowers were diclinousnbsp;and aperianthous, but whether the unisexual dowers were monoecious ornbsp;dioecious is not yet known. Both sorts were mingled in the fossil state.nbsp;The female dowers are monocarpal, for although, like the male dowers, theynbsp;are cone shaped in general aspect, they are solitary, each female dowernbsp;being surrounded by an involucre of bracts. The male dowers are in smallnbsp;cones spirally arranged in the axils of bracts about a rather robust axis.nbsp;Each dower is composed of two or three stamens, each comprised of a dla-ment bearing three or four longitudinally dehiscent anthers, which are freenbsp;above and united at their bases. The pollen grains are ellipsoidal in sectionnbsp;and very abundant. In the anther of one species the grain measures 90/i innbsp;longer and 50yu in shorter diameter, while in the pollen chamber, which isnbsp;constantly present in and forms an interesting feature of the seed, it measuresnbsp;121 ju and 72ju, respectively. The seeds, including among others the Cordai-carpus, have two envelopes. The external envelope (Sarcotest) is deshy andnbsp;is sometimes traversed by elongated dbrous cells mingled with canals containing gum or tannin. The internal covering (Endotest) is formed of denselynbsp;lignified cells and suggests the shell of a nut. The ovules are orthotropousnbsp;and erect. A pollen chamber, relatively little developed, is always foundnbsp;in the summit of the nucleus, and the pollenic canal is always attachednbsp;to the micropylar tube of the outer envelopes. The archegonia are innbsp;pairs. No embryo has yet been found in any of the fruits, although thenbsp;latter appear to have been fully developed. Renault points out that innbsp;Cordaites, as in the living Geratozamia, the embryo was probably not developed until the seed had been placed some time in the soil. To the Cordaitesnbsp;Renault seems to refer the fossil seeds which are rather dat and bilaterallynbsp;symmetrical. In his Cours de Botanique Fossile^he refers to the Cordaitecenbsp;the genera Gardiocarpus, Biplotesta, Sarcotaxus, Leptocanjon, Taxospermum,nbsp;and UJiabdocarpm, while M. Grand �Eury has since^ included Hypsilocccrpiis,nbsp;Cyclocarpm, and Samaropsis in the same category.

All the material from Missouri, with the possible exception of the doubtful fragments referred to as Cordaites diversifolim f belong to the group Emor-daites of Grand �Eury, i. e., to the genus Cordaites restricted.

1893. Cordaites communis Lx., D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Xo. 98, p. 105.

1899. Cordaites communis Lx., D. White, 19th Aim. Rept. U. S. Oeol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 533.

The species originally described from Missouri is represented in the collection by numerous specimens, some of which probably come from thenbsp;type locality. The general form of the leaf, as seen in part in PL XVI, isnbsp;spatulate. From the broadest point, in the upper part, it narrows gently tonbsp;the thickened base, which is slightly crescentic when compressed, and is notnbsp;infrequently as much as 2 cm. wide in the full-grown examples. The apexnbsp;of the leaves is rather broadly truncate-rounded and slightly oblique. Thenbsp;nervation of this species, as seen from the examination of the types of thenbsp;species now in the Lacoe collection, is very irregular in character andnbsp;apparent density. Even on the same leaf it may be found composed in onenbsp;area, especially near the base, of moderately strong nerves close together ornbsp;separated by from one to three or four less prominent, or, in another area itnbsp;comprises distant, quite prominent nerves, perhaps 15 to 20 to the centimeter,nbsp;separated by from four to six smaller nerves. The difficulty of arriving atnbsp;a satisfactory numerical characterization of the nerves is further increasednbsp;by the irregular disappearance or immersion of the intermediate nerves innbsp;the thick tissue of the leaf and the fine striation, perhaps due to the rows ofnbsp;cells, which is often more conspicuous than the depressed intermediate nervation. These rows or striae number about twelve to the millimeter in somenbsp;specimens.

The inflorescence described as Cordaianthus ovatus Lx. belongs almost certainly to this species, to which I am also disposed to refer the Cordai-carpus cerasiformis as the fruit. Cordaites communis is, in the Missouri flora,nbsp;the host of Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. �Ey., the bordered peritheciae of whichnbsp;are frequently found in its leaves.

The distinction between the leaves described as Cordaites communis and certain forms referred to other species, such, for instance, as the leavesnbsp;from Cannelton recorded as C. horassifolius (Stb.) Ung., is not clear to me.nbsp;From C. lingulatus Grr. �Ey., the leaves of which are somewhat similar, C.nbsp;communis differs by the greater distance of the prominent nerves in mostnbsp;portions of the leaf and by the less rounded apices.

Localities.�Deepwater mine, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Pitcher�s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5418, 5702; Grilkerson�s Ford, a small fragment, U. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus., 6282; also a specimen of doubtful specific identity from Jordan�snbsp;coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6281.

1870. Cordaites angustifolius Lesquereux (non Dawson), Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 420 (pars?).

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cordaites diversifolius Lesquereux, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, p. 320, iil.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cordaites diversifolius Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pi. Ixxvii, ligs. 3, 3rt; text,

There are among the ironstone nodules from Gilkerson�s Ford a few fragments of doubtful specific relations which I should hardly venture tonbsp;refer to this species but for the facts that it is recorded^ from the samenbsp;vicinity by Professor Lesquereux, and that such characters as are shown bynbsp;the specimens in hand appear to agree with material labeled under the samenbsp;name by the author of the species. It should be noted, however, that thenbsp;specimens assigned at various times by Lesquereux to G. diversifolius arenbsp;not all of one species, since some of the fragments may belong to JDorycor-daites, while others from Arkansas are apparently specifically inseparablenbsp;from the material from the Boston mine near Pittston, Pennsylvania, labelednbsp;as C. horassifolius (Stb.) Ung. My identification of the specimens in thenbsp;ironstone is both temporary and questionable. The fragments before menbsp;are nearer the Lorycordaites group, and may, in conformity with the viewsnbsp;expressed by Grand �Eury, belong to the Samaropsis type of fruit. It isnbsp;quite possible that the leaf fragments in hand may have been borne on thenbsp;same tree with the Cardiocarpus (Samaropsis') Branneri Fairch. and D. W.,nbsp;to be described further on.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cordaianthui gemniifer Or. �Ey., Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.,vol. xvii, p. 326,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Oordaianthus gemniifer Or. �Ey., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pi. Ixxvi,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cordaianthus ovatus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 545, i)l. ixxvi, figs. 5,5a.

The axis of this species, as seen in the original type. No. 9187 of tlie Lacoe collection,^ is robust, distinctly and rather coarsely striate. The gein-mnles are open, ovate or ovate-oval, close at the apex, and apparentlynbsp;arranged four to a complete turn of the spiral. The scales are ovate ornbsp;ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather fleshy toward the base, and distinctly carinatenbsp;toward the top, the keel being somewhat prominent in the almost mucronatenbsp;apex. Usually they are erect and fairly clearly defined, numbering perhapsnbsp;40 to 50 to the gemmule. The bracts are very broad at the base, contractingnbsp;rapidly with a concave margin to a narrow lineate rigid spine of variablenbsp;length, though always longer than the gemmule. The enlaa-ged detail, 5� onnbsp;pi. Ixxvi of the Coal Flora, appears to have been drawn from some specimennbsp;other than the original of fig. 5. The same features are seen in No. 9192,nbsp;another of the specimens originally studied, and in No. 9202, illustrated innbsp;PI. LXXII, Fig. 2, and No. 9210, which show better the fragments of bracts,nbsp;often exceeding twice the length of the gemmule to the point of fracture, whilenbsp;the gemmules themselves vary somewhat as to their distance along the axis.

In No. 9209, a specimen from Missouri labeled with the above name by Lesquereux, Ave find a smooth axis bearing rather large croAvded gem-mules with long scales. So far as the character of the latter haA'e Aveightnbsp;the specimen Avould seem rather to belong to Cordaianthus dicJiotomus Lx.,nbsp;if, indeed, that species is really distinct from the one under consideration.nbsp;The striation of the axis is not, however, constantly A�isible in the specimensnbsp;of C. ovatus, since it seems to depend on the degi'ee of compression, and shoAvsnbsp;only in those portions of the stem that are slightly decorticated. In mostnbsp;of the specimens from Pennsylvania referred by Professor Lesquereux tonbsp;this species, including Nos. 9190 and 9191 of the Lacoe collection, originalsnbsp;used in the description of the species, the axis is somewhat couAmx and sIioavs

'The fragment figured in the Coal Flora is from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri; not from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, .as inferred from the habitat named on p. 546 of that work.

merely the irregular transverse cracks or fissures in the carbon. The latter may be only the result of shrinkage of an axis composed largely of cellularnbsp;tissue or they may bear some : elation to the chambering of the pith. Thenbsp;specimens from Cannelton have the gemmules usually more crowded, thenbsp;scales being generally a little shorter.

Very interesting, as furnishing the data for the correlation of this species, is the type described on page 534 of the Coal Flora as the stem ofnbsp;Cordaites communis Lx. In the specimen. No. 8946 of the Lacoe collection,nbsp;the impression of a segment of stem or branch 14 cm. long and 2.3 cm. innbsp;diameter shows about thirty leaf scars. From the axils of every one ofnbsp;these, so far as can be learned without injury to the specimen, in the uppernbsp;half of the segment, there radiate rather slender racemes of Cordaianthiis.nbsp;The pedicels and gemmules on the upper part of the slab are rather slender,nbsp;having about the proportions of the C. dichotornus figured in the Coal Flora,^nbsp;but those nearer the base of the segment are unmistakable specimens ofnbsp;Cordaianthus ovatus, and indicate the specific ideutitj^ of the latter with thenbsp;type stem and intermingled leaf fragments of Cordaites communis.

The full length of the lineate bracts is rarely shown. In one rather small specimen they are, however, seen as slender, slightly decurrent needles,nbsp;39 mm. in length, or over five times the length of the gemmules.

The fragment of a very small raceme, shown in PI. LXXII, Fig. 1, is suggestive of the Cordaianthus gracilis of Grand �Eury,^ or to some extentnbsp;the C. Volkmanni (Ett.) Zeill.,^ though the resemblance to Ettingshausen�snbsp;Calamites Volkmanni^ is more remote

Cordaianthus ovatus appears to differ from C. ebracteatus Lx., to which it seems closely related, by the absence of the bracts and the usually shorternbsp;scales in the latter.

The difference between it and C. dichotornus consists perhaps in the rather larger and longer scales and the possible dichotomy of the axis innbsp;the type described under the latter name, though it appears somewhatnbsp;questionable whether the distinction between these two plants, found at thenbsp;same locality, is of even varietal rank. The characters in common will benbsp;mentioned in the remarks on the latter species.

Localities.�Vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, Nos. 8946, 9187, 9192, 9202, 9209, 9210, Lacoe collection, �. S. Nat. Mus; Pitcher�s coal mine, U. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus., 6073, 6212; Hobbs�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6210.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gordaianthus geniniifer Or. 'Ey., Lesquereux, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gordaianthus gemmifer Or. �Ey., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pi. Ixxvi,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gordaianthus dichotomus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 546, pi. Ixxvi, figs

6, 66.

The relationship of the type^ described under the above name to G. ovatus is one of the closest affinity, if the two species are not in factnbsp;identical. After an attentive examination of the original of figs. 6 and 65,nbsp;on pi. Ixxvi of the Coal Flora, I am far from certain that the specimen therenbsp;represented is to be separated from the C. ovatus found in the same locality.nbsp;The gemmules do not difFer in form from those described above. The scalesnbsp;are likewise ovate-lanceolate, carinate, the keel passing into the acute pointnbsp;conspicuously as in ovatus, tliough this character is not brought out in thenbsp;detail, fig. 65. So also the bracts are dilated at the base and quicklynbsp;contracted to a striated, rigid, long, slender needle, being identical in theirnbsp;superficial characters with those in the other species.

With the exception of the dichotomies, the only external features by which C. dichotomus and C. ovatus may be separated are a possibly greaternbsp;elongation of the gemmule, the scales being perhaps a little longer andnbsp;larger, and the less robust axis. But we have seen fertile axes of the samenbsp;character, save the forking, in the upper part of the stem of Cordaitesnbsp;communis (type No. 8946 of the Lacoe collection) which bear indubitablenbsp;gemmules of Cordianthus ovatus, while the attitude in the matrix of thenbsp;compressed radiating spikes about the stem in No. 8946 is stronglynbsp;suggestive of the arrangement figured as typical of C. dichotomus. Thenbsp;inspection of the figure of the latter species given in the Coal h'lora^nbsp;convinces me that three at least of the four dichotomies there representednbsp;are the result of coincidence of position in the horizontal projection, thenbsp;axes, all of which undoubtedly spring from a single branch or stem, being

in different planes, while the fourth lower central dichotomy in the figure leaves much to be desired as to distinctness. However, dichotomy is notnbsp;unknown in other species of Cordaianthus.

It is quite possible that further discoveries of Cordaianthus in these beas will lead to the union not only of Cordaianthus dichotomus and C. ovatus,^nbsp;but also C. rugosus Lx., the Illinois type of which affords very slight groundnbsp;for its differentiation.

Localities.�Vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, No. 9212 of the Lacoe collection. Two fragments, perhaps representing C. ovatus Lx., with rather long scales, are from Hobbs�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6200; and Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6199.

1857. Cyclocarpon Goeppert and Fiedler, Nova Acta Acad. 0. L. 0. Nat. Cur., vol. xxvi, p. 292.

1881, Gordaispernimn Brongniart, in Eenault: Cours bot. foss., vol. i, p. 102 (pars). CORDAICAEPON CERASIFORME (Presl).

1838. Carpolites cerasiformis Presl, in Sternberg: FI. d. Vorw., vol. ii, p. 208, pi. x, fig. 9. 1884. Carpolithus cerasiformis Presl, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 824, pi. cxi,nbsp;fig. 18.

The two specimens which I refer to this species represent a small sub-orbicular, slightly cordiform fruit, the walls of which appear to have been less resistant than those of most of the fruits referred to this genus. Likenbsp;the fruits described and illustrated by Presl and Lesquereux, they are somewhat wrinkled in the compressed state. The outer envelope seems to havenbsp;been rather thick. The surface is obscurely granular. The fruit fromnbsp;Missouri is somewhat smaller than the one from Arkansas figured in thenbsp;Coal Flora, it having in fact very nearly the size of the one shown innbsp;Presl�s figure. The specimens are also smaller and less apiculate thannbsp;Zeiller�s Cordaicarpus Boulayi?

At first I was disposed to regard these bodies as sporangia, but the texture is quite different from any sporangia I have seen, while the presence

1 The reference, on p. 933 of the 3d volume of the Coal Flora, of fig. 6, pi. Ixxvi, to Cordaianthus ovatus is probably a mechanical error.

of a narrow border zone, apparently corresponding- to the compressed profile zone of one of the envelopes of a Cordaicarpon, such as C. Gutibieri, and thenbsp;obscurely cordate base, have convinced me that we have really to do withnbsp;representatives of the latter genus. The reference to Presl�s Carpolites cerasi-formis is not without doubt.

Localities.�J)ee\)wSiiei\ U. S. Nat. Mus.. 6164; Hobbs�s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6165.

1899. Gardiocarpon Branneri Fairch and D. W. MSS., D. White, 19th Ann. Eept. �.

Fruit small, oval or ovate, and slightly prolonged at the somewhat truncate base, 10 to 12 mm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide, consisting of an ovatenbsp;nucleus within a relatively wide wing; wing oval, blunt, and incised a little,nbsp;or very slightly emarginate at the apex, sometimes slightly rounded onnbsp;either side of the micropyle, near which it forms a border 2 to 2.5 mm. innbsp;width, narrowing slightly downward toward the lateral angles of the nucleusnbsp;to 1.5 to 2 mm. in width, then prolonged or dilated in a basal lobe 3 to 5nbsp;mm. wide, extending 3 to 5 mm. downward and truncate, or truncatenbsp;rounded at the base, which is often traversed by a fine, clear line passingnbsp;downward from the nucleus; nucleus ovate-triangular, usually rather obtusenbsp;just below the acuminate apex, generally uniform in size, about 7 mm. long,nbsp;5 mm. wide, broadest a little below the middle of its altitude, either verynbsp;obtusely rounded or truncate at the base, very thinly lenticular in crossnbsp;section, thickest near the base, or, when flattened, often marked by a smallnbsp;oval medial convexity above the base, above which a line or faint ridgenbsp;passes upward to the micropyle.

The interesting examples of Samaropsis, one of whicli is figured in PI. LXXII, Fig. 3, are found in the clay ironstone matrix, both with andnbsp;without the marginal wing. The specimens that are less flattened are butnbsp;slightly convex and have but very little adherent carbonaceous residue.nbsp;The wing, which is peculiarly dilated at the base, differing thus from allnbsp;the other small species with which I am acquainted, is obviously very thin.

vind probably membranaceous. In one compressed s^^ecimen the nucleus is bordered by an intervening narrow, minutely rugose-striate zone, abo\itnbsp;.5 mm. in width, which apparently represents an envelope. The surface ofnbsp;the wing is dull and moderately smooth; that of the nucleus is granularnbsp;near the base and granular-striate toward the top, as viewed by the lens.nbsp;The illustration of G. Branneri in Fig. 3, PI. LXXII, fails to show tlienbsp;ordinary width of the basal dilation of the wing, or the usually more ornbsp;less triangular form of the nucleus.

This species, found quite abundantly at Grilkerson�s Ford, has also been discovered in the Coal Measures of Arkansas, from Avhich it has beennbsp;described by Prof. H. L. Fairchild and myself in a report submitted to thenbsp;State geologist of that State. The upper part of the fruit resembles on anbsp;small scale the corresponding portion of the Cardiocarpus orbicularis Ett.,^nbsp;though the basal portion is quite different. It is probably nearest to C.nbsp;sonulatus Lx.,^ from which it differs, however, by the much broader downward expansion of the wing. The G.fluitans of Dawson� is somewhat smaller,nbsp;more distinctly granular, and lacks the pronounced dilation of the wing titnbsp;the base, while the marginal expansion at the top is proportionally widei-.nbsp;Locality.�Gilkerson�s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6150, 6157, 6255, 6262.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bhahdocarpus Mansfieldi Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Atlas, p. 18, pi. Ixxxv, tig. 21.nbsp;1883. Rhahdocarpus Mansfieldi Lesquereux, 13th Eept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pt. 2, pi.

1889. Rhahdocarpus Mansfieldi Lx., Lesley, Diet. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 808, text fig.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cordaicarpus Mansfieldi Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. ii, p. 539, pi. Ixxxv, fig. 21;

1880. Gordaites Mansfieldi Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. ii, p. 537 (pars), pi. Ixxxvii, fig. 8.

Several specimens from Missouri agree well with examples in the collections of the United States National Museum derived from the type locality, Cannelton, in Pennsylvania, and labeled with, the above name bynbsp;Professor Lesquereux. On one slab three specimens, slightly smaller than

the average, lie nearly in a row, their axes parallel, close by the side of a striated branching stem over 2 cm. in diameter. No direct attachment ofnbsp;the fruits to the stem is clear, though the aiTangement is strongly suggestivenbsp;of a former organic union.

Although Blmhdocarpos Mansfieldi is described by Lesquereux as the fruit of Cordaites Mansfieldi, it having been found by him on a branch referred tonbsp;that species and occurring in the same beds, no leaves have yet been found innbsp;Missouri that can, I believe, safely be identified with the Cannelton Cordaites.

Rhabdocarpos Mansfieldi resembles in size Pachytesta incrassata Brongn., to which it is so obviously closely related that there is little room for doubtnbsp;that its structure is in general the same as that of the latter species, so thoroughly and beautifully illustrated by Brongniart in his Recherches sur lesnbsp;Graines Fossiles Silifi�es^ and by Renault in the Flora of Autun andnbsp;Epinac.^ Our American fruit, which is shorter, proportionally wider, morenbsp;distinctly obovate, with wider ribs than the species last named, is muchnbsp;smaller than the P. gigantea Brongn. P. intermedia of Grand �Eury,^ anothernbsp;related species, is longer, much more slender, and more pointed at thenbsp;extremities. Rhabdocarpos ScJmltzianus, which has also been included innbsp;Pachytesta by Grand �Eury,^ is much smaller than R. Mansfieldi, oval, andnbsp;rounded at the ends.

Localities.�Owen�s coal mine, U. S.Nat. Mus., 6178. The precise locality of the slab from the vicinity of Clinton is not known; U. S. Nat. Mus., 6170.

1838. Garpolites mxiUistriatus Presl, iu Sternberg: Versueh, vol. ii, p. 208, pi. xxxix, figs. 1, 2.

1880. Bhabdocarpus multistriatus (Presl) Lesquereux, Goal Flora, vol. ii, p. 578 (pars). 1899. Bhabdocarpus multistriatus (Presl) Lx., D. White, 19th Ann. Eept. U. S, Geol.nbsp;Surv., pt. 3, p. 534.

It is with great doubt that I refer several specimens to this species, the interpretation of which seems to have led to much confusion both in thenbsp;literature and in the collections pertaining to American Paleozoic plants.nbsp;Much of this material, including that now under consideration, wouldnbsp;appear to be referable to the original type of Trigonocarpum Schultzianum of

^Bassin houiller et permien d�Autun et d��pinac, fase. iv; Flore fossile, 2me partie. Atlas, Paris, 1893, pi. Ixxx.

^G�ol. et pal. Bassin liouill.Gard, 1890, p. 308, pi. viii, fig. 3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;��FI. carb. Loire, p. 203.

Goeppert and Berger^ more properly than to Garpolites multistriatus Presl.^ The former type, setting aside the question of the essential Trigonocarpalnbsp;character, appears to be longer, more distinctly elliptical, pointed, with thenbsp;ribs much more numerous and finer. The latter is oval, with wider, broadlynbsp;convex ribs, apparently about fifteen or eighteen in number. Some of thenbsp;specimens referred to the former are undoubtedly close to Bhdbdocarposnbsp;apiculatus and B. carinatus of Newberry, as Kidstou� has pointed out.nbsp;Others, chiefly from the Pottsville series, have nutlets resembling the last-named form, but the envelopes appear to have been long, extending somenbsp;distanc� above the apex of the nut, with broad truncate-rounded apex andnbsp;striated, not ribbed, surface. On the other hand, a portion of the materialnbsp;labeled as well as that figured^ by Professor Lesquereux as Trigonocarpusnbsp;SclmlBianus, appears to me to stand closer to some of the forms illustratednbsp;by Fiedler� than to the original example described by Goeppert and Berger,nbsp;or the specimens figured by Zeiller.� It is more than possible that the incompatibilities in the identification of these two species in our native collectionsnbsp;are very largely due to the varied conceptions of those species jjortrayed bynbsp;the European authors. The examination, as I have suggested above, of thenbsp;collections to which I have had access, seems to show that most of our specimens determined as Bhabdocarpos multistriaUis are really much nearer thenbsp;Trigonocarpmn Schultsianum, although in the flattened specimens the main tricostate feature is often obliterated. On the other hand, some of the examplesnbsp;labeled as Trigonocarpiim ScJmltzianum often lack all traces of the tricostatenbsp;character and are probably nearer the Bhabdocarpos multistriatus^ while stillnbsp;others approach the Bhabdocarpos Jacksonensis of Lesquereux.�^ The materialnbsp;from Missouri, although lacking a distinct Trigonocarpoid aspect, belongsnbsp;among the large number of specimens which, as it seems to me, wouldnbsp;better be placed under Trigonocarpuni Schultzianmn. However, for the present I follow the identification by Professor Lesquereux, leaving the finalnbsp;reference of this fruit to a revision of this entire group of species.

1 Ijei'ger, De fruot. et semin. ex form, lithanthr., 1848, p. 20, pi. ii, figs. 22, 23.

6 Die foss. Friichte d. Steink.-Form., 1857, p. 283, pi. xxiv, figs. 18-20; pi. xxvi, figs. 25-26.

Among the material sent by Dr. Britts from North and Wood�s coal shaft, one-half mile east of North�s Station, on the Kansas City, Clinton andnbsp;Springfield Railroad, there was found what appears to be the base of a verynbsp;large and very thick leaf, like Cordaites in several respects. In a memorandum accompanying it was the statement that some of the leaves of thisnbsp;plant were over 1 foot wide and 4 to 6 feet in length. This specimen,nbsp;though imperfectly preserved, seemed so strongly to resemble the large leafnbsp;bases figiu'ed by Renault^ that further inquiries were made as to the occurrence and form of these specimens. In reply Dr. Britts writes: �They arenbsp;certainly immense leaves, and were attached without foot-stalks to largenbsp;stems or trees, like a corn blade. *nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;* I found several bases of these

leaves, but no points. * nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;* Tfie bases were somewhat contracted

laterally and thickened where they appear to have been attached to round stems, some of them at least 6 inches or more in diameter.�

The evidence so kindly furnished by Dr. Britts, as well as that afforded by the fragment in hand, leads me to regard it as probable that we have herenbsp;to do with an American representative of that interesting genus of Grymno-sperms, Titanophyllum, hitherto known only in the Commentry Basin. Thenbsp;generic description given by Renault^ is as follows:

Leaves of great size, measuring 70 to 75 cm. long by 20 to 25 cm. wide, with smooth, shining upper surface, traversed by longitudinal, hypodermal, parallel, nonbifurcatiugnbsp;bands, inserted by a much enlarged elliptical base; outline rectangular, graduallynbsp;tapering toward the upper end, which is often fissured, the opposite extremity beingnbsp;sometimes concave or cordate. The bands and the nerves, which are parallel fornbsp;nearly the whole length of the leaf, are curved in to terminate in the surface of insertion ; a cuticle very thick and smooth covers the epidermis.

From a study of the internal structure of the Commentry species, Titanophyllum Grand 'Euryi, Renault was enabled to demonstrate a Cycadeannbsp;organization analogous to that of the Colpoxylon Brongn. described fromnbsp;silicfied material obtained at Autun.

' FI, foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. ii, p. 622, pi. Ixix. 2Log. cit., p. 622.

The specimen in hand, from what seems to be the thick base of the leaf, though flattened, seems to represent a system of bands similar to thatnbsp;illustrated by Renault.^ They are somewhat finer than those in the Frenchnbsp;type. The surface is distinctly and zonally striated. The incurving of thenbsp;bands and nerves accompanying the contraction of the base of the leaf isnbsp;very clearly seen. As flattened, the fragment seems to have a thickness ofnbsp;about 2 mm. While our flattened specimens are, possibly as the resultnbsp;of pressure, thinner at the base than are the French specimens, they appearnbsp;to be somewhat larger.

The generic identity of the American material with the French seems probable from the description communicated by Dr. Britts, though it cannbsp;not be absolutely assured until more and better material shall have beennbsp;examined. The slightly narrower bands in leaves apparently less thick andnbsp;much larger, the leaves measuring 6 to 12 inches in width and 4 to 6 feet innbsp;length, distinguish our plant, supposing it to belong to TitanoijJiy�lum, fromnbsp;the Titamphyllmn Grand 'Euryi, though in view of the resemblance of thenbsp;impression to certain compressed stems or large branches, the formal diagnosis of our species should not be given until more satisfactory material,nbsp;susceptible of good illustration, is at hand. The specimens from Missourinbsp;are entirely carbonized and strongly compressed.

Localities.�North and Wood coal shaft, one-half mile east of North�s Station on the Kansas City, Clinton and Springfield Railroad, the veinnbsp;worked being an extension of Jordan�s coal, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6168. Anbsp;smaller fragment, possibly of the same nature, comes from Gilkerson�snbsp;Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6169.

The genus Dicranopliyllum, as founded by Grand �Eur}^, contains certain arborescent conifers with spirally arranged, long, narrow, dichotomous, coriaceous, rigid, acute, parallel-veined leaves with decurrent contiguous cushion-

like enlarged subrliomboidal, slightly oblique fleshy leaf bases. The aspect of the branches is somewhat like Trichopitys. The male element is generated in small cones in the axils of the leaves, while the female organs are,nbsp;according to Renault,^ ovules or seeds arranged in considerable numbersnbsp;along the very oblique linear basal portion of the leaf The leaves bearingnbsp;the seeds fork but once. Generally the leaves, which vary greatly in length,nbsp;adhere to the branches until the latter are quite large. The leaf bases arenbsp;suggestive of Lepidodendron, but lack the lateral traces in the leaf scar andnbsp;the appendages, though they are carinate. The scars are described^ as anbsp;little above the middle of the cushions, oval, and marked in the center bynbsp;a small depression corresponding to the single vascular bundle.

Dicranopliyllwn should, perhaps, together with Trichopitys, Ginkgophyllum, Saportcea, and Whittleseya be associated with the SaUsburiece in the Gink-goales, to which, among living plants, it appears to be most closely related.

Among the specimens collected by Dr. Britts from Hobbs�s coal mine' is a fragment of shale, on one side of which is a forked branch, each of thenbsp;slightly unequal divisions being at an angle of about 45�, between 10nbsp;and 14 cm. long, very thick in proportion to the length, and clothed rathernbsp;densely with narrow dichotomous leaves. The back side of the thin fragment of shale contains a robust twig of the same character, about 15 cmnbsp;long and, like the others, thickly clothed with leaves. This twig lies innbsp;the same direction as that on the other side, and at the edge of the shalenbsp;where the branches on both sides pass downward off the rock fragment thenbsp;broken ends are inclined toward each other and are less than 5 mm. distant.nbsp;It is probable, therefore, that both belong to a common parent branch.nbsp;Unfortunately this example is not adapted to photography, while thenbsp;macerated aspect of the whole specimen and the commingled ramosenbsp;leaves, passing on all sides into the matrix, render its delineation withoutnbsp;idealization most difficult. The leaves are very oblique and appear tonbsp;overlap at the decurrent bases. They are generally, as seen in the detail,nbsp;PI. XLI, Fig. 10, slightly rigid, though often forked but a short distance

* Renault, FI. foss. bassin houill. et perm. d�Antun et d��pinac, pt. 2,1896, p. 373.

from the base. The dichotomies are repeated three or four times at a rather narrow angle, and the ultimate divisions are often strongly outwardnbsp;curved. As remarked above, the branches appear to have been macerated;nbsp;so that while it is obvious that the axis was robust and of considerablenbsp;substance, no satisfactory evidence as to the leaf bases is at hand, whilenbsp;the leaves themselves are so destitute of any considerable residue of carbonaceous matter and so lax, particularly toward the apex, as to suggest thatnbsp;the fossil should be rather associated nearer the Algae. Usually there isnbsp;left not even any other trace of the vascular axis of the leaves than anbsp;rugose furrow or canal. Often this, too, is lacking. Numerous spore-likenbsp;bodies of various dimensions, some of which equal large macrospores in size,nbsp;are mingled with the leaves and seem to have been lodged there. In thenbsp;form and aspect of the branches, tlie general attitude of the decurrentnbsp;leaves and the bifurcation and apparent basal rigidity of the latter�in fact,nbsp;in their habit and such superhcial characters as are visible, these plant fragments seem to represent badly macerated twigs of Dicranophyllum. It isnbsp;possible that s})ecimens better preserved will show characters of the axes,nbsp;leaf bases, or even the leaves, that will make it iiecessary to refer them tonbsp;some other genus or even to a different class, such as the Thallophyta.

Tlie specimen in hand is not the first representative of this genus to be reported from this country, I), dichotonvum and I). dimorpJmm having beennbsp;described by Professor Lesquereux from Cannelton, Pennsylvania^

Of the few species of Bicranophylliini yet described, D. gallicum Or. �Ey. and I), tripartitum Or. �Ey. are nearest to the form in hand. Our specimensnbsp;should be cotnpared with the illustrations of the former species given bynbsp;Grand �Eury,�^ Wenceslau de Lima,^ and Renault,'* or of the latter speciesnbsp;given by its author.�

The resemblance to several of the figures given by de Lima� and Renault^ is certainly very interesting and appears to indicate a closelynbsp;related species in the flora ot Missouri. The leaves of the American plantnbsp;fork more frequently and nearer the base, are less rigid, while the lower

�Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 553, pi. Ixxxvii (bound in text), figs. 9, 9a, p. 554: pi. Ixxxii, tigs. 1-3. �FI. Carb. Loire, 1877, p. 275, pl. xiv, tigs. 8-10.

�Grand �Eury: Geol. etpal. bassin bouilJ. Gard., p. 335, pl. vi, tigs. 12, 13.

�Op. cit., pl. iii. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Op. eit., pl. Ixx, fig. 7; pl. Ixxi, tig. 5.

portions of tlie leaf are wider. While the frag-inents from Missouri appear to represent a species ditferent from any yet described, a specific designationnbsp;or description of them is postponed pending the discovery of additionalnbsp;better-preserved material.

1828. PaloBOxyris Broiigiiiart, Auu. Sci. Xat., vol. xv, p. 456; Prodrome, ji. 137.

1852. Palcmhromelia Ettingsliauseu, Abli d. k.-k. geol. Reiclisanst., vol. i, no. 3, p. 1. 1860. Sporlederia Stielder, Bromeliaceen d. Vorwelt, p. 5.

1870. Palmoxyris appen�iculata Lesciuereux, Rept. Geol. Snrv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 465, pi. xxvii, fig'. 11.

1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Palceoxyris appendiculata Lx., Renault and Zeiller, FI. toss, bassin bouill. Com-

1879. Spirangium appendiculatum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pi. Ixxv, tig. 12; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 520.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Spirangitm appendiculatum Lx., Saporta, Pal�ont. fiany., Veg. Jurass., vol. iv,

Of this, the most common American species of Palaoxyris, I liave seen but a single fragment from Missouri. This specimen shows the narrow,nbsp;sharp-keeled, equivalvate form characteristic of the species. The valves,nbsp;which are probably eight in number, cross the flattened capsule at a verynbsp;wide angle to the axis.

Mr. Kidston, in his review of the British species- of tlie genus, unites this species with the Old World Palceoxyris carbonaria Schimp. The twonbsp;forms are undoubtedly very closely related, but from an examination ofnbsp;material representing tlie latter species from the vicinity of Hudley, England, I am convinced that the American type is distinguished by thenbsp;narrower valves, and consecpiently smaller areolation in the compressednbsp;specimens; and while in P. appendiculata the whole organ is, in general,nbsp;smaller, the dilated portion is proportionately larger. No other equivalvatenbsp;American species has yet been described which is liable to be mistaken fornbsp;the one in hand.

Palceoxyris is now regarded by many paleobotanists as representing the egg capsules of certain Paleozoic Selachians. The writer has at presentnbsp;under examination a series of specimens, including several new species,nbsp;fhat will, it is hoped, throw some additional light on the nature andnbsp;organization of these very interesting remains.

The name Spirangium, proposed by Schimper on the ground of propi�iety, should be abandoned. While it has long been known that thesenbsp;fossil remains have no relation to tho living Xgris, the generic appellationnbsp;PalcBOxgris is clearly understood to have been applied exclusive!}' to thisnbsp;type. It therefore has priority, and in its proper function as a genericnbsp;designation, not as a description, it should prevail.

DISCUSSION OF THE FLORA.

SPECIES REPORTED PROM THE LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI, BUT MOT IMCLUDED IM THE FOREGOIMG ARRAMGEMEMT.

As was i-emarked in the introduction to this report, the descriptions and discussions given herein relate only to species of which I have been ablenbsp;to examine specimens from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. Fortunately, nearly all the Paleozoic plant material from Missoui�i ever publishednbsp;by Professor Lesquereux was collected by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton,nbsp;Missouri, to whose enthusiastic and continued researches paleobotany owesnbsp;a great debt, and this material is now either in the private collection ofnbsp;the latter or in the national collections. The latter include not only thenbsp;extensive consignments forwarded from time to time by Dr. Britts to thenbsp;United States Geological Survey and the United States National Museum,nbsp;but also the private collection of Professor Lesquereux, which passed intonbsp;the great collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, throughnbsp;whose generous patriotism and disinterested love of science they werenbsp;transmitted as a part of the Lacoe collection to the Lbrited States Nationalnbsp;Museum.

Two lists of the fossil plants from the Coal Measures of Missouri have been published. The first of these, by Professor Lesquereux, which appearsnbsp;in the summaries at the end of the Coal Flora' comprised an enumerationnbsp;of the species described or identified from Henry and Vernon counties upnbsp;to the date (1884) of the termination of the manuscript for the third volume.nbsp;I repeat in the following list the enumeration there given, the speciesnbsp;discussed or quoted as synonyms, etc., iu the preceding pages beingnbsp;marked with an asterisk (¹):

� Second Geological Survey of Penusylvania, Report of Progress P, vol. iii, 1884, pp. 879, 880. � Specimens referred to A. Serlii Brongn.

^The specimens figured from Missouri under this nauie were used as types of C. ovatus Lx. and C. dlchotomns Lx.

^Tho specimen.s from Clinton thus recorded represent the Linopterin gilkersoneusis.

�3A species concerning which there is much uncertainty in the American material. All the specimens from the region of Missouri found by the writer under this name represent the Pecopterisnbsp;dentata of Brougniart.

c'Specimens from Missouri identified with this species are referable to Mariopteris sphenoptero'ides (Lx.) Zeill.

16 The Missouri form is indistinguishable from that described as Pseudopecopteris ohiusiluba (Stb.) Lx.

I�The secondary types of Splienopteris mixta Schimp, were labeled by Lesquereux with this name. I have been unable to discover the species of Gutbier in any of the collections.

Certain of the above species may with a high degree of probability be refeiTed to other forms described in the preceding pages, though the namesnbsp;have generally been omitted from the discussion for the reason that I havenbsp;not seen the specimens on v/hich the determinations were based. Such ai�enbsp;(1) the Lepklodendron Sternhergii, which, as seen in the collections identifiednbsp;by Professor Lesquereux, was sometimes interpreted so broadly as to includenbsp;branches hardly distinguishable from L. lanceolatum, to which I am inclinednbsp;, to believe tlie fragments from Missouri may have belonged; (2) the Lepi-dostrohus Goldenbergii, which is no doubt the cone correlated in the foregoing pages with Lepidostrolms princeps Lx.; (3) Neuropteris cordata, whichnbsp;is here, as in most other cases in our ATnerican literature, used for certain

��The earlier generic name Aphlehia Presl has priority, and is employed for this and other species included hy Lesquereux and S�himper in lihaeopliyllum.

� The specimens determined as Siijillaria Jissa belong to S. aU/iUarioldea (Lcpidophloioa sigillari-oidea Lx.).

�'The e.xample8 found under labels bearing � S. filiciilme Lx.� are referal)le to .S', emarginatmn Brongn., or S. cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill.

��The specimens labeled �S. ohlongifolinm Germ.� are included in a new species, S. Lescunanum.

��The Missouri specimens and most other American material recorded as this species belong to Sphenophgllum emarginatum Brongn.

��The plant listed under this name is hereinbefore described as S. Van Ingenii n. sp.

��All specimens in the collections from Missouri found labeled with this name are here referred to Eremopteria misaouriensia Lx.

�'�The examination of the figured specimens from Missouri shows them to belong to the species earlier described by Lesquereux as Sphenopteria plnnatifda.

more lanceolate pinnules of Sclienclizeri Hoffm.; (4) Odontopteris lietero-pJiylla, which represents probably but heteroinorphous pinnules of the same type of Neuroptcris, and (5) BJiacopjliyllum fi.mhriatum, a wholly obscure andnbsp;equivocal species. Nowhere in the writings of Professor Lesquerenx have Inbsp;found any other mention than that cited above of a Lepidophylkmi [ornbsp;Lepidostrohus] minus. In Hambach�s list, referred to below, it is credited tonbsp;Lesquereux. It is not likely to be Schenk�s L. minus,^ for I can find nonbsp;evidence that the publication of the latter was known to Professor Lesquereuxnbsp;at the time of the completion of the Coal Flora. The Sigillaria reniformis ofnbsp;the list is of too little value or importance as a species to merit any furthernbsp;consideration.

If we accordingly exclude the somewhat doubtful records just passed in review we shall have left, unaccounted for, species as follows:

It is appi�opriate in this place to consider briefly a few points relating to both the affinities and the geologic occurrence of these species.

Calli�pteridium Owenii is a species in g'eneral characteristic of the upper part, or Sewanee gi�oup, of the Pottsville series; and I have not yet seen itnbsp;from the Lower Coal Aleasures.

As generally differentiated in our American collections, Neuropteris flexiiosa and N. LoscMi extend throughout the Coal Aleasures, but the plantnbsp;most commonly found under the latter name is indistinguishable from Hoffmann�s N. ovata, and should be so designated. Pseudopecopteris maeilenta, asnbsp;at present exemplified in our collections, includes two very distinct types,nbsp;one of which, from the higher coals, is similar to the species of Lindleynbsp;and Hutton, while the other, trom the upper beds of the Pottsville series,nbsp;passes by transition into the form described as Pseudopecopteris decipiens Lx.nbsp;It is uircertain which of these two types is meant in the above list. Odon-tojjteris subcrenulata aird Pseudopecopteris SiUimanni are both rare species,nbsp;and are closely identified with the Alammoth vein in the Southern Anthracite field. Sigillaria Menardi, S. seulpta, and S. spinulosa, the remaining

species, are, in general, to be found only in the higher coals of the anthracite sei�ies. Thus, from a cursory glance at the stratigraphic range of the species given on the high authoi�ity of Professor Lesquereux in the abovenbsp;list, it appears that most of the plants of limited range are more or lessnbsp;distinctly peculiar to the coals below the Freeport in the bituminous fieldsnbsp;of Pennsylvania or the Mammoth vein in the region of the Southern Anthracite field in the same State.

The second list of the fossil plants of the Carboniferous of Missouri is that embodied in Mr. G. Hambach�s Preliminary Catalogue of the Fossilsnbsp;Occumng in Missouri.In this enumeration we find, besides the speciesnbsp;listed by Lesquereux, a number of others, as follows;

Since there is no statement to the contrary, we may infer that these additional species are recorded on the basis of identifications made by Dr.nbsp;Hambach.

If we consider these species from tlie standpoint of their affinities and stratigraphic occurrence, we may note that Neuropteris tenuifolia'a namenbsp;is somewhat ambiguous in this country, some of the material, even contiguous fragments, included thereunder being identical with other materialnbsp;known as N. Loschii. The species, in any case, is unknown to me fromnbsp;below the Lower Coal Measures, thougli it ascends probably as high as thenbsp;Lower Barren series (XIV) of tlie Pennsylvanian sections. Netiropterisnbsp;fimhriata Lx. is not found until Ave reach some distance above the base ofnbsp;the Coal Measures, and it passes up into the higher coals of the Nortliemnbsp;Anthracite field. Desmiophylluni gracile is very close to Tmiiopiliyllwn lati-folium. Lepidodendron aculeatum Stb. should have a wide range in thenbsp;upper part of the Lower Coal Measures, while Trigonocarpus Dawesii, if

correctly identified, may possibly have been derived from a terrane of upper Pottsville age. In any case, it can avail little to attempt to utilize for correlation the species listed by Hambach, since not only are we left in ignorance, except as we Jnay gain some idea from a general geologic majj, asnbsp;to which of the three divisions of the Coal Measures any of the specimensnbsp;outside of Henry County came from, but we are also furnished no othernbsp;geographic localization than the bare name of the county in which thenbsp;various species are said to have been found.

For the reasons given above, little if any weight will be attached to or use made of the few additional species said to have been found in the Coalnbsp;Measures of Missouri, but which have not been seen in any of the collectionsnbsp;to which I have liad access.

Preliminary to an attempt to ascertain the stratigraphic significance of the floras of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, it will be necessary firstnbsp;to take into consideration the general character or facies of tlie combinednbsp;flora; to review the vertical distribution of the species and differentiatenbsp;those possessing, so far as is known, special correlative value, and to consider some of the relationships, and the consequent implied clironologicnbsp;data, of some of the forms made known in this report. This accomplished,nbsp;we may proceed to the comparison, with special reference to the contemporaneities indicated by the vegetable i-emains, of the Lower Coal Measui-esnbsp;of Missouri (1) with sections of the Carboniferous in other portions of thenbsp;eastern United States and (2) witli several of the sections of the Carboniferous group in the Old World.

In the consideration of the relationships of the plants from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri and their occurrence in other regions I shallnbsp;exclude the few reported ^ species of which I liave not seen specimens,nbsp;limiting my discussion to the species examined by myself, and recordingnbsp;only such distribution of these species as is based on personal observations.

pages, we may summarize them, somewhat unsystematically, as follows, the figures given representing the number of species described:

From the summary given above, it will be seen that nearly all the common genera of the iMesocarboniferous of the world are represented in the flora of Missouri. Among the more important exceptions are the generanbsp;Trigonocarpuni,''- BotJirodendron, Lonchopteris, and tlie newer diAusious of thenbsp;old genus Cordaites. The second genus, BothrodeMdron, is very rare in thisnbsp;country and has been supposed by many to be entirely wanting. Therenbsp;are, however, numerous specimens of it in the recent collections made bynbsp;the Survey from the Kanawha series (Lower Coal Measures in the Europeannbsp;sense) of ^Vest Virginia. There is, moreover, little room for doubt that thenbsp;fossil described by Professor Lesquereux^from �near the base of the Middlenbsp;Carboniferous Measures� near Alta, Illinois, as Cyclostifjma Kiltorkensenbsp;Haught., is a representative of the same genus, though the identity of thenbsp;fossil with the species found in the Old Red Sandstone of Ireland is mostnbsp;improbable. The genus Lonchojderis has not yet, so far as I am aware,nbsp;been found hi North America.

' It is possible that the crushed fruits identified as Rliahdocarpos multistriatm may, when found better preserved, show the characters of Trigonocarpmn.

Several biologic features will at once appear from a casual review of the species discussed in the preceding portion of this report. One of thesenbsp;is the great preponderance and considerable diversity of the ferns. Thesenbsp;ai�e especially characterized by the presence of a large number of speciesnbsp;of Splienopteris and Pecopteris, many of them representing types generallynbsp;found at no little distance above the base of the Lower Pi�oductive Coalnbsp;Measures, or No. XIII of the system of denomination employed in the laternbsp;State geologic reports of Pennsylvania. In fact, the aggregate of speciesnbsp;is distinctly such as is only to be found in the Coal Measures proper. Withnbsp;the exceptions of a very obsciire fragment, doubtfully referable to Splienopterisnbsp;Hoeninghmisii Prongn., and a solitary specimen^ representing a new speciesnbsp;of small Mariopteris usually confined to the Sewanee group (Upper Potts-ville), there does not appear to be a species in the collections before me thatnbsp;is not at least varietally different from any I have y�t seen in the rich florasnbsp;gathered from the Pottsville series in the Appalachian province. Even thenbsp;exceptions just noted are represented by not more than three fragments in all.

A large proportion of the species in our flora appear to range through a considerable thickness of the Mesocarboniferous in America, and offernbsp;us, accordingly, but little correlative aid, except, in some cases, by refer-.ence to their first ascertained appearance. Cthers, like Spiropteris, Hysteritesnbsp;Cordaitis, ConosticJms, Caulopderisf acantopliora, and ExcipnUtes Callipterulisnbsp;are presumably little adapted for stratigraphic use on account of their naturenbsp;and mode of occurrence, though the last named has not, I believe, been foundnbsp;on any.other host than Pseudopecopteris squamosa {Splienopteris neuropterOkies').nbsp;As representing the former category, or as sjaecies insufficiently defined innbsp;general, or species whose distribution has not yet been properly studied in thenbsp;American collections, we may exclude from further consideration Splienopterisnbsp;pinnatifida, Pecopteris dentata, the Aplilebim, Callipteridium SidlivantU, Neurop-teris rarinervis., 'N. Sclieuclizeri., the Calamites, Asteropliyllites equisetiformis,nbsp;the Annutarice, Splienopliylhmi cuneifoliuni, S. mafus, Sigiltaria tessellata, Stig-maria verrucosa, Cordaites diversifolius, and Bliabdocarpos multistriatus.

Before dismissing these, however, I should add that a close inspection of many of the species of wide vertical range shows some very interestingnbsp;chronologic modifications or phases, which, though they may be local, appear

Callipteridium Oinenii enumerated by Lesquereux in the list of species from Henry County, Missouri, should perhaps also be included, although I have not seen the specimens or specimen onnbsp;which the record is based.

to be vertically limited and to promise in many cases as great aid, within cei'-tain conditions, as distinct species. Thus, among the plants just mentioned, the Pecopteris dentata from Henry County, Missouri, represents the robustnbsp;type, larger than the typical P.plumosa of the lowest of the Coal Measures,nbsp;yet not so flat and broad as the one found above the Waynesburg coal innbsp;the Upper Barren or �Dunkard Creek series� (XVI) of Pennsylvania andnbsp;West Virginia. The form in hand is like that seen in the higher coalsnbsp;of the Lower Productive Coal Measures. On the other hand, the small,nbsp;narrow form of Neuropteris Scheuchzeri and the more delicate Asteropliyllitesnbsp;equisetiformis found in the Missouri material are as yet unknown in any ofnbsp;the coals above the Kittanning group of the bituminous series of Pennsylvania or the E coal of the anthracite region.

So, too, the species which have not hitherto been found outside of the Missouri terranes under consideration have but a subordinate correlativenbsp;value, based chiefly on analogies and inferences drawn from their relationsnbsp;to other species. The species which, so far as I am aware, are, with reference to their American distribution, peculiar to the flora under discussion.

� This species is also found in the Coal Measures of Arkansas, though the report in which it is described by Prof. H. L. Fairchild and myself for the .State geological survey is not yet publislied.

llie remaining species of our flora may, on account of either their specific solidarity or their somewhat limited vei�tical range, be regarded asnbsp;compositely possessing a more direct and accurate chronologic significance.nbsp;In the following table is shown the summarized distribution of thesenbsp;species in the bituminous fields of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Pennsylvania, and in the Northern Anthracite field, based on a personal examination of the collections that have formed the subjects of the principal printednbsp;rejmrts. Several of the species here tabulated are recorded in some of thenbsp;American literature relating to these collections as having a vertical rangenbsp;greater than that shown in the table; but an examination of the specimensnbsp;serving as bases for the greater number of those extended records showsnbsp;that materials from vertically widely separated horizons have often beennbsp;assigned to the same species, although when closely inspected it is seen thatnbsp;they represent entirely distinct species, and frequently also no transitionalnbsp;or intermediate forms, varieties, or species have been found. Numerousnbsp;examples are seen among the specimens from the Pottsville series (�subconglomerate� and �conglomerate�), which have been recorded under thenbsp;names of distinctly Coal Measures species. Those who may wish to consult the extended distribution as recorded in the literature will find a nearlynbsp;complete coinpilation in the publications ot the Second Geological Surveynbsp;of Pennsylvania.^

In the following� table no account is taken of the variations or modifications which some of the species have undqi�gone within the time of their ascertained duration.

The distribution of the species in Rhode Island is omitted on account of lack of information relating to both the geographic and the stratigraphicnbsp;sources of much of the material. It would seem, however, from the largenbsp;number of species in the Rhode Island collections that are identical withnbsp;those in Missouri and the affinities of others, that a considerable portion ofnbsp;the specimens from the former State may have come from a fossiliferousnbsp;horizon of perhaps not much later date than the fossils from Missouri.

gt; See Reports of Progress, P, vol. iii, 1884; PP, 1880; and P 4, vols. i-iii, 1889-90.

Eremopieris missoiiriensis Lx............

Fseudopecopteris ohtusiloba (Stb.) Lx.....

Ps. squamosa (Lx.).......................

Mariopieris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill...

Sphenopterispinnatifida (Lx.)............

Sphenopteris mixta Sell hup...............

S. iacoet White.........................

S. ckurophyUoides Brougn...............

S. cristaia Bi'ongn ......................

S. Brittsii Lx...........................

S. illinoiseiisis u. sp.....................

iS. canneltoneusis n. sp.............�......

S. siibcreniilata Lx......................

Oligocarpia of. Gutbieri Goepp...........

Aloiopteris trins/oiHi u. sp...............

A. erosa Giith...........................

Pecopteris arhoresoens Brougn.?..........

P. liemitelioides Brongii..................

P. squamosa Lx.........................

P. Candolliana Brongn..................

P. clintoni Lx..........................

P. vestita Lx............................

Caulopteris ovalis Lx. Ms.s...............

ApMebia hamulusa (Lx).................

A. spinosa (Lx).........................

Alethopteris ambigua Lx.................

A. Serin Brongn........................

Callipteridium Mansfieldi Lx............

C. ineequale Lx..........................

C. Sullivantii (Lx.) Weiss...............

Efeuropteris fasciculata Lx...............

N. dilatata (L. amp; H.) Schimp............

Megapliyton Goldenbergii Weiss..........

Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn .

Calamostachys ovalis Lx. ?...............

Sphenopliylliim emarginatum Brongn.....

S. majus Broun.........................

Volkmaniiia prmlonga Lx................

Lepidodendron rimosum Stb..............

L. clypeatum Lx........................

Lepidostrobus priiiceps Lx...............

Sigillaria camptotienia Wood............

Stiginaria Evenii Lx.....................

Twniophyllum laiifoUum White..........

Cordaiauthtis ovatus Lx.................

C. dichotomus hx........................

Bhabdocarpos Mansfieldi Lx............

Falwoxyris appendiculaia Lx...........

Total (48)........................

Illinois; Morris coal,nbsp;or Mazounbsp;Creek.

Kittaijiuiig coals, Indiana or Ohio.	Darlington coal, Can-nelton, l*a.	Anthracite coals, Northern held.	Higher coals.


X		E amp; D	Kans
		E amp; D	Kans
		E t	Kans
?		E ?	Kans
?	X	E ?
	X	D amp; E
	X	D amp; E

A review of the preceding table shows (1) that nearly all the species from Missouri whicli have a relatively restricted vertical range have alsonbsp;been collected from near the horizon of coal B near Morris or Mazon Creek,nbsp;Illinois, or in the Kittaiming coals of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and that thenbsp;plants from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, es]iecially in Henrynbsp;County, appear to be most nearly related to those floras; (2) that the greaternbsp;portion, or nearly two-thirds, of these species are present in the floras ofnbsp;Mazon Creek and Morris; (3) that over one-half of them have been gatherednbsp;from the Kittanuing (chiefly the Darlington and Middle Kittanning) of Ohionbsp;and Pennsylvania, and (4) that nearly one-half are also present in thenbsp;collections from coals D and E (the �Marcy� and �Pittston� coals) innbsp;the Northern Anthracite field.

If we take into account the stratigrajihic occurrence of the species most nearly related to those that are peculiar to the Missouri flora the proportionsnbsp;will not be materially changed. Thus Oligocarpia alahamensis Lx., thenbsp;nearest American ally of 0. Missouriensis, is found in the upper beds of thenbsp;Pottsville series. The fern figured by LesquereuxHis Fecopteris abhreviatafnbsp;Broiign., the Lepidodendron Wortheni Lx., and Lepidophyllum ovafifolium,nbsp;which are correspondingly related to Sphenopiteris opliioglossoides, Lepidodendron Brittsii, and Lepidophgllum Jenneyi, res})ectively, are found at Mazonnbsp;Creek; Tceniophyllum dejiexum Lx., Lepidopliyllum Mansfieldi, and Lepido-phloios dilatatus Lx., the relatives of T. latifolnmi, LepidopliyUimi Missouriense,nbsp;and Lepidopliloios Van Ingeni, are typically trom the Darlington coal atnbsp;Caunelton, while Fecopteris oreopiteridia, F. pennaformis (as seen in somenbsp;American collections), related to F. Jenneyi and F. p)seudovestita in thenbsp;Missouri flora, are abundant in the E and D coals, respectively, of the Lackawanna anthracite field. On the other hand, little information of immediatenbsp;use in correlation is to be derived from the distribution of the speciesnbsp;excluded from the table, on account of their great stratigraphic range, exceptnbsp;the very important fact that most of them have not yet been discoverednbsp;below coal B of the northern bituminous fields.

If we assume, then, that the table furnishes a fair representation of the average or mean vertical distribution of our flora, it becomes (j^uite apparent

that the flora from Missouri is not, as a whole, older than the Morris coal, while a large proportion, more than one-half, of the species are to be foundnbsp;in the Middle or Upper Kittanning coal of western Pennsylvania. For,nbsp;with the exception of the obscure fragment which may possibly belong tonbsp;Splienopteris Hoeninghausii, the two specimens of a new species of Pseiic{o-2)ecopteris, and the solitary fragmental impression somewhat doubtfullynbsp;referred to Lepidodendron clypeatum, there is not, I believe, in all thenbsp;material before me a specimen in any degree characteristic of or usuallynbsp;limited to the Pottsville series. Extensive collections of the plants fromnbsp;the latter series in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, the Virginias, Kentucky,nbsp;and Tennessee, are now under examination. The flora of the uppermostnbsp;beds of this series in the anthracite regions in eastern Pennsylvania, is,nbsp;however, largely nnknown. It is certain that the exceedingly slight Pottsville element, winch is astonishingly small when we consider the local stratigraphic position of the coals, is no greater than that fonnd in the coal atnbsp;Morris, Illinois, although the stratigraphic interval between the latter andnbsp;the Millstone grit or Pottsville is much greater and more uniform. Thenbsp;coals with the fine clays and shales in Henry County, Missouri, are seldomnbsp;over 100 feet above the Lower Carboniferous terranes, while in somenbsp;instances the lower coal appears to rest on the eroded surface of the latter.

On the other hand, a great part of the flora under consideration lies on the other side of the Morris coal, in the direction of the Kittanning horizonsnbsp;of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Thus, in evidence of a later age for our floranbsp;we find a number of types of a generally higher range than the flora ofnbsp;Morris and Mazon Creek, apparently liigher than the plants from the Brook-ville and Clarion coals in the western Pennsylvania region, and far highernbsp;than the A and B coals of the Northern Anthracite field. The presence ofnbsp;some of the younger types, especially the representatives of some of thenbsp;later species of Pecojderis, in our flora is of far greater importance thannbsp;mere numerical ratios. And, if we take the testimony of these elementsnbsp;into consideration, we can only conclude that, while the preponderantnbsp;identity of the vegetation under examination is found near the horizon ofnbsp;the Morris coal in Illinois, it can not, as a wliole, be of quite so early anbsp;date. The intimate relations of the Missouri plants, especially of the laternbsp;types unknown in the stage of the Morris coal, with those of the Darlingtonnbsp;coal point strongly to a stratigraphic position for the synchronous beds in

the interval between the Morris, or supposed Clarion coal, and the Upper Kittanning. In other words, if we take Henry County, from which mostnbsp;of our evidence, both stratigraphic and paleontologie, is drawn, as thenbsp;stratigraphic type of the base of the Coal Measures of the State, andnbsp;assume that the conditions are constant along the margin of the coal fieldnbsp;in other counties, the evidence of the fossil plants, so far as they are nownbsp;obtainable, appears to indicate the deposition of the lowest coals in thenbsp;State at a time subsequent to the formation of the lower coals of the Lowernbsp;Coal Measures of the eastern regions, including the Morris coal of Illinois,nbsp;the Brookville and probably the Clarion coal of Ohio and Pennsylvania,nbsp;yet perhaps earlier than the formation of the Darlington or Upper Kittanning coals of the two States last named.

The difficulties attending correlation by fossil plants in the bituminous fields will presently be pointed out. In the Northern Anthracite field, however, in which, thanks to the systematic and scientific methods of collection pursued by Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, plants havenbsp;been assembled from nearly every fossiliferous horizon, the paleobotanicnbsp;section is, as coinpared with all other areas in this country, relatively complete. The study of the distribution of the Henry County flora in this fieldnbsp;shows its closest relations in coals D and E, locally known as the �Marcy�nbsp;and the �Big,� or Pittston, coals. But in view of the fact that the E coalnbsp;of the Pittston and Wilkesbarre regions seems to carry many types of anbsp;more modern cast, it is not likely that the Missouri stage is so high in thenbsp;series as that coal. In the plants of the D coal, not only are a large partnbsp;of the species identical with those from Missouri, but the flora as a whole isnbsp;of a similar type. Compared, however, with the somewhat equivocal combined flora reported from the C coal,^ the material from the Mississippinbsp;Valley appears on the whole fully as recent, while lacking many of thenbsp;older types found at several of the mines correlated by stratigraphy withnbsp;that coal. Hence I am inclined to regard the plants from Henry County,nbsp;Missouri, as more nearly contemporaneous with those in the roof of the Dnbsp;or �Marcy� coal in the Northern Anthracite field, though they are possiblynbsp;as old as the C coal. Even in the latter case it is clear that several hundrednbsp;feet of the sandstones, conglomerates, shales, and coals, comprising thenbsp;lower part of the Coal Measures and the Pottsville, which lie between the

contemporaneous beds and the top of the Lower Carboniferous in the Wj'o-ming Valley, are represented by an unconforinability in portions of Missouri.

But very little is known of the plants of the Lower Coal Measures south of the Kentucky-West Virginia boundary. But extensive material,nbsp;showing a rich and highly varied flora, has been collected from the Kanawha series, about 1,200 feet in thickness, along the Great Kanawha River,nbsp;in the latter State. Although these collections will properly form the subject of a special report, it may be remarked in this place that few of the species tabulated above are met with below the middle of the Kanawha series,nbsp;while many common species, such as Annularia spJienophylloides or Neiirop-teris ScJieuchzeri, are found only in the upper third of that series. In fact, thenbsp;paleontologie features of the Kanawha series are more nearl}^ like those ofnbsp;the Lower Coal Measures of Europe, as will in due time be shown.

Ear more serious than all the natural limitations of fossil plants as a means for geologic correlation in our American Carboniferous terranes isnbsp;the difficulty resulting from the lack of standard paleobotanic sections fornbsp;comparison. By paleobotanic section is here meant a knowledge of tlienbsp;plants that may be found in all the various pliytiferous beds that comprisenbsp;or may with assured accuracy be referred to a single section. Such sectionsnbsp;would become, according to their completeness, witli reference to the number or nearness of the fossiliferous beds and the degree of exploitation ofnbsp;the floras, their extent, or their geographic and geologic positions, standardsnbsp;not only for tlie comparison and reference of isolated beds or plant-bearingnbsp;horizons in the same vicinity or region, but for the determination of timenbsp;equivalents in different fields or basins.

The surprising and painful inadequacy of the materials relating to stratigraphic paleobotany, which has been referred to in the above discussion of the distribution of the Missouri plants, and which constituted sonbsp;serious an obstacle in the attempt to ascertain the age of the outlying smallnbsp;basins in southwestern Missouri, has already been set forth in another place.^

�Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey,No. 98, 1893, pp. 118-120. The conclusion that in these basius coals Tvere probably formed near the close of the time of No. Xlll, or during the deposition of the Lowernbsp;Barren Measures, No. XIV, reached in the report on these basins, has, so far, been supported by subsequent studies of the plants in other fields. Several of the peculiar forms then described have sincenbsp;been met in the McAlester coal field of Indian Territory.

Since the report on these basins was written, comprehensive collections have been made from the lowest coals (including the Brookville andnbsp;Clarion) of the Bernice semi-anthracite basin, the bituminous fields ofnbsp;northwestern Pennsylvania, and the lowest coals above the Pottsvillenbsp;series in the anthracite regions. But our knowledge of the floras of thenbsp;different stages above these or the Morris coal of Illinois, and below thenbsp;Upper Barren Measures (XVI) in the bituminous fields north of the Ohionbsp;and Potomac rivers is, with the exception of several small floras in Illinois,nbsp;practically still limited to the rich collections from the Darlington coal atnbsp;Camielton, Pennsylvania; small collections from three or four points in thenbsp;�Kittanning� in Ohio, and a small number of species from near the Pittsburg coal at Wheeling, West Virginia, and a few points in Ohio. But fromnbsp;all the bituminous fields of Pennsylvania no systematic collecting of fossilnbsp;plants has, so far as I am aware, been done from any horizon between thenbsp;Clarion coal in the lower part of the Lower Productive Coal Measures andnbsp;the Waynesburg coal, except at Camielton, near the Upjier Kittanning.nbsp;Not only are we ignorant of the floras of the various coals in the ujipernbsp;part of the Lower Productive Coal Measures (XIII), or Alleghany series,nbsp;in that State, but also of the plants of the entire Lower Barren Measuresnbsp;(XIV) and of the Upper Productive Measures, or Monongahela series (XV).nbsp;With these facts in mind, not only will it be easy to understand the greatnbsp;difficulty in correlating the various stages in the bituminous fields withnbsp;either definiteness or confidence by means of the fossil plants, but it willnbsp;also be clear why, in studying the range or correlative affinities of thenbsp;species in these fields, the smaller or isolated floras are drawn as by magnets toward the stages of Camielton or Morris. It is paradoxical that thesenbsp;two stages at Mazon Creek and Caimelton should have been paleobotani-cally exploited nearly to exhaustion, while east of Illinois the plant fossilsnbsp;of the succeeding measures have remained essentially untouched. So longnbsp;as paleontologists and museum curators remain content with filling theirnbsp;collections from the two famous localities, Camielton and Mazon Creek,nbsp;without an effort to ascertain the floral characters of any other stages,nbsp;we shall continue without knowledge of the paleobotanic characterizations necessary for the definite or satisfactory recognition in the northernnbsp;bituminous fields of any stage between the Kittanning and Waynesburgnbsp;coals.

Notwithstanding� the difficulties which attend any attempt to ascertain the contemporaneity of terranes in the upper half of the Mesocarboniferousnbsp;in the United States, the study of the elements in the floras in hand andnbsp;their distribution in the lower two-thirds of the Lower Productive Coalnbsp;Measui�es, which are better known paleobotanically, shows that the Lowernbsp;Coal Measures of Missouri, as represented by the coals of Henry County,nbsp;were laid down soon after the Morris coaP in Illinois, though probably earliernbsp;than the UpjDer Kittanning of western Pennsylvania, or very likely aboutnbsp;the time of the formation of the D coal in the Northern Anthracite fleld.^nbsp;Thus the chronology of the plants shows that the process of the depositionnbsp;of the Mesocarboniferous terranes was well advanced, so that in the bituminous fields of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois not only the Pottsvillenbsp;series (XII), ranging from 60 to 1,200 feet or more in thickness north of thenbsp;Potomac River, but also the lower portion of the Lower Productive Coalnbsp;Measures, or �Alleghany series� (XIII), extending as far upward at leastnbsp;as the Clarion coal, had been laid down on the Lower Carboniferous (Eocar-boiiiferous) group by the time the lower coals of Henry County were sedimented in fringing ponds or marshes along the coast of eroded Eocarbon-iferous rocks in Missouri.

It will be remembered that in some places the lower of the two coals (the interval between them being reported as 40 to 60 feet) rests directly onnbsp;the uneven Eocarboniferous surface, while at other points a variable arenaceous formation intervenes. The latter, which is very irregular, sometimesnbsp;conglomeratic, and nowhere of great thickness, appears to represent a washnbsp;derived from the decomposed underlying rock, whose hollows it tends to fill,nbsp;and is generally regarded by the local geologists as belonging to the �Millstone grit� (Pottsville). So far as the writer is aware, however, no primarynbsp;fossils have been procured from it to show its true age, and it would seemnbsp;that it may represent simply the subaerial surface material of decompositionnbsp;accumulated subsequent to the Eocarboniferous uplift and but imperfectlynbsp;distributed and sorted when the subsidence of the coast brought about the

' Supposed by many, for stratigraphic reasons, to be the equivalent of the Clarion coal of the eastern bituminous field, and therefore commonly designated by the same letter (B).

The letters in use to desiguate the coals in the anthracite fields are not to be construed as indicating their equivalency with the coals similarly designated in the bituminous regions.

coal-forming conditions at or below water level. This superficial wash may be developed, supplemented, or replaced by other formations in other counties of the State, but in portions of Henry County, at least, it seems tonbsp;have been eroded and sometimes entirely cut through to the subjacent rocknbsp;before the fire clays or lower coal were deposited on the uneven surface.

The transgression of the water level during the early Mesocarbonifer-ous time has already been discussed by Broadhead,^ Winslow,^ and Keyes,� the State geologists. The evidence of the fossil plants not only corroboratesnbsp;their views in general, but it also fixes the time of the encroacliment of thenbsp;sea on the old coast in the region of Clinton. The paleobotanic criterianbsp;indicate that the minimum time represented by the unconformity betweennbsp;the Jordan or Owen coal and the subjacent Eocarboniferous terraue isnbsp;measured by the period required for the deposition of the Pottsville andnbsp;the Clarion group of the Lower Productive Coal Measures, a series of rocksnbsp;reaching a thickness of over 1,200 feet in portions of the anthracite regions,nbsp;and exceeding 2,400 feet in sonthern West Virginia.

In the preceding pages it has been shown that the coals, resting in places directly on the Lower Carboniferous terranes in Henry County, Missouri, are probably of a rather later date than the jilants of Mazon Creeknbsp;and the Moi�ris coal in Illinois, and that they are very likely older than thenbsp;Upper Kittanning coal of Pennsylvania.

It is customary to consider the flora of Mazon Creek, the plants from which are preponderantly identical with those from Missouri, as typicallynbsp;rejiresentative of the flora existing immediately at the beginning of Lowernbsp;Coal Measures time, there being but little difference between the plantsnbsp;from Illinois and those of the bituminous Brookville and Clarion coals innbsp;northwestern Pennsylvania, which are probably fully as old as those of thenbsp;Buck Mountain coal, long since made the boundary between the Pottsvillenbsp;series and the Productive Coal Measures of the typical section in the South-

2Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. iii, 1892, pp. 109-121; Amer. Geol., vol. xv, pp. 81-89; Prelim. Rept. on Coal, Geol. Surv. Missouri, 1891, p. 19.

em Anthracite field. It will be interesting, therefore, in a brief comiDarison of the Missouri flora with the floras of the European basins, to note thenbsp;positions of our species in several of the paleobotanically better knownnbsp;Old World Carboniferous sections.

This task, so far as it relates to Great Britain, is made easy through reference to a late publication in which Mr. Robert Kidston, the highestnbsp;British authority on the Paleozoic floras, has combined and tabulated thenbsp;results of his most valuable and interesting studies of the fossil floras of thenbsp;British Carboniferous rocks.^

In the following table is given (1) the vertical distribution by groups of the species found both in our Missouri flora and in Great Britain, andnbsp;(2) the distribution of a number of Old World species (parenthesized)nbsp;whose relations to our species are sufficiently intimate to lend an inferentialnbsp;significance to their stratigraphic occurrence. But in drawing conclusionsnbsp;of a chronologic nature, relatively little weight should be given to the distribution of the related species, whose evidence is subject to other and perhaps more important elements of uncertainty than those of mere personalnbsp;opinion and interpretation of figures and descriptions.

Table shotcing distribution in the Coal Measures of Great Britain of the plants of the Lower Goal Measures of Missouri or of certain closely related species.^

M. sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill. {M. aoxita (Brongn.) Zeill.). Mariopterls u. sp. (SpJienopteris Jacquoii (Zeill.) Kidst.)...

'On the Various Divisions of British Carhoniferous Kooks as determined hy their Fossil Flora. Address of the retiring vice-president. Proc. Eoy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. xii, 1894, pp. 183-257.

^ Names of foreign related species, -whoso distribution is given, are in parentheses immediately folio-wing the names of the American species to -which they bear relation.

Aloiopteris WinslovUD.'W. (A. Sternbergii (Ett.) Pot.)......

A. erosa Gutb.............................................

Pecopteris dentata Brongn.................................

P. cf. arboresoens (P. arborescens (Scbloth.) Brongn.)____...

P. hemitelioides Brongn. ? (P. arborescens var. cyathea

(Brongn.) Kidst.).......................................

P. Jenneyi D. W. (P. oreopteridia (Scliloth.) Brongn.)......

P. Candolliana Brongn....................................

P. squamosa Lx. (P. lamuriana Heer)......................

P. vestita Lx. (P. villosa Brongn.).........................

ApliJebia spinosa (Lx.)....................................

A. crispa (Gntb.) Presl....................................

A. filiciformis (Gutb.) Sterz...............................

A. siibgoldenbergii D. W. (A. Goldenbergii Weiss)...........

Alethopteris ambiguaJ-iX. (A, aquilina (Scbloth.) Goepp.)____

A. Serin (Brongn.) Goepp.................................

Callipteridium Mansfieldi Lx. (Alethopteris Grandini

(Brongn.) Goepp.)......................................

C. inaquale Lx. (yj. Darreuxii (Brongn.) Goepp.?)..........

Odontopteris Bradleyi Lx. (Od. Lindleyana Stb.)............

Keuropteris rarinervis Bnnb...............................

N. missoiiriensis Lx. (N. flexuosa Stb.).....................

N. fasciculata Lx. (N. macrophylla Brongn.?)..............

N, Scheuohzeri Hoflin......................................

W. dilatata (L. amp; H.) Lx..................................

Linopteris gilkersonensis D. W. (L. M�nsteri (Licbw.)

Brongn.)...............................................

Calaniiies raniosus Artis............................-......

C. Siickoicii Brongn.......................................

C. Cistii Brongn..............................-...........

AsteroqihylUtes equisetiforniis (Scliloth.) Brongn.............

A. longifolius (Stb.) Brongn...............................

Calamostachys oralis Lx. ? (Palceostackyapedunculata Will.),

Aiinularia stellata (Scbloth.) Wood........................

A. sjihenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb.........................

A. ramosa Weiss (A. radiata (Brongn.) Stb.)...............

Cyclocladia Brittsii H. W. (Macrostacliya infundibuliformis

(Bronn) Schimp.)......................................

liddicites capillacea (L. amp; H.) Pot.........................

Sphenophyllum cuneifoUum (Stb.) Zeill.....................

S. marginatum Brongn...................................

5. majus Broun..........................................

A glance at the accompanying table shows that the greater poi�tion of our species are found in the Upper Coal Measures and the Middle Coalnbsp;Measures of Great Britain. Whether in this table of distribution thenbsp;related species are excluded or taken into consideration, we find nearlynbsp;equal proportions of the floras occurring in either of these two groups.nbsp;The number of species found in the Lower Coal Measures is but aboutnbsp;one-half that in either of the above-mentioned groups, and is, moreover,nbsp;composed largely of plants of wide vertical range, found in one or all ofnbsp;the above groups. It is important to note that the percentage of species innbsp;the Millstone grit of Great Britain, as well as in the Pottsville series of thenbsp;United States, is very small, being practically insignificant.

On the face of the numerical proportions it would seem that the Henry County flora is so evenl}^ divided between the floras of both the Uppernbsp;and the Middle Coal Measures as to deserve consideration as intermediatenbsp;between them. The Sphenopteroid species, both identical and related, appear

to bind our flora to the Middle Coal Measures. But the diaracteristic floras of these Bidtish groups are more conspicuously marked by the importantnbsp;additions which enrich the variety of plant life as we pass upward than bynbsp;the disappearance of the older forms, though the latter feature is clearlynbsp;indicated and of great service. The development of the Pecopteroid floranbsp;appears to be confined in Great Britain almost exclusively to the Uppernbsp;Coal Measures. And it is largely to the proportion of identical or relatednbsp;species of Pecopteris and the intimately connected Aphlehm that the approximate equality of the percentages in this table is due. It must, however, benbsp;borne in mind that the Middle Coal Measures of England contain a numbernbsp;of more recent species, such as Pecopteris polymorplia Brongn., P. Miltoiiinbsp;Artis, and P. pteroides Brongn., which are of generally younger rank thannbsp;the flora from Missouri. Among the extensive material from the Radstocknbsp;coal field in the Lacoe collection the higher forms are in abundance, notwithstanding the presence of very many species in common with thosenbsp;from the trans-Mississippian region. On the other hand, the younger types,nbsp;such as Pecopteris Jenneyi^ P. CandoUiana, P. liemitelioides% and P. cf. arho-rescens, are very rare in our flora.

In view of the foregoing considerations it appears very evident that the flora of Henry County is not older than that of the Middle Coal Measures of Great Britain. The presence in our flora, not only of an equalnbsp;number of species, but also of a considerable number of younger typesnbsp;identical with or closely related to those of the Upper Coal Measures justifies the belief that our flora is not much younger than the Upper Coalnbsp;Measures, and that, considering its almost equally close relation to that ofnbsp;the Middle Coal Measures, it may safely be considered as intermediatenbsp;between the two, or as occupying approximately the position of the �transition beds,�^ with a very intimate connection with the flora of the Uppernbsp;Coal Measures. The plants of these beds are very imperfectly known, butnbsp;from the common facies of their flora as yet revealed I am at present disposed to regard these terranes as not younger than the lower coals ofnbsp;Henry County. The flora of the latter may even correspond in part tonbsp;that of the basal portion of the Upper Coal Measures in the British coalnbsp;fields.

�The �New Kock� and the �Vobster Series� of the Bristol and Somerset coal field .and the �Lower Pennant� of the South Wales coal field.

A comparison of tlie fossil plants from Henry County, Mazon Creek, or Cannelton with the floras of the different stages of the Carboniferous innbsp;the Old World coal fields reveals a series of paleontologie and chronologicnbsp;relations that are full of significance and interest to American students.

One need but glance at the monographs of the floras of the various stratigraphic groups in the Carboniferous basins of western Europe tonbsp;recognize the strong similarity between the forms familiar in our Americannbsp;Lower Coal Measures of the Northern States and those from the Valenciennes or Franco-Belgian Basin, the Westphalian coal field in Germany,nbsp;or the Schatzlar group in Bohemia.

The broadest, most general, and most valuable results of a comparative study of these forms would be reached by a view of the identities, affinities, and distribution, as well as the vertical range and sequence, ofnbsp;the plants of those European basins in which the Middle Carboniferousnbsp;is present combined with those of the American Lower Coal Measures.nbsp;But since such a study would be laborious on account of its extent, andnbsp;would encounter numerous difficulties in local stratigraphic correlations andnbsp;nomenclature, it would be much simpler to consider each basin separately,nbsp;regarding the succession of floras from the various levels as constitutingnbsp;a single paleobotanic section of that basin.

Since, however, the series in the Valenciennes Basin is more limited in vertical extent, and since its flora, exhaustively elaborated with specialnbsp;reference to the stratigraphic problems, is more readily adapted to an epitomized comparison, it may be chosen as typically illustrating the generalnbsp;continental position of the flora under consideration.

In his admirable monograph of the fossil flora of the Valenciennes Basin,^ M. Zeiller divides the terranes on the basis of the floral charactersnbsp;into three well-marked zones, viz: 1. The lower zone, or zone of Vicoigne,nbsp;represented at numerous jjoints in the horizons of Annoeulin and Vicoigne,nbsp;Departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais, and populated with Sphenopteris

��tudes des gites min�raux de la France. Publi�es sous les auspices de M. le Ministre des travaux publics par lo Service de topographies souterraines. Bassin houiller de Vallenciennes.nbsp;Bescription de la llore fossile, par R. Zeiller, Ing�nieur en chef des mines. Text, Paris, 1888,nbsp;pp. 1-731, 4�. Atlas, 1886, pp. i-vi, pi. i-xciv, 4�.

Hoeninghausii, Mariopterls nmricata, Pecopteris aspera, P. dentata, Aletliopteris loncMtica, Neuropteris ScUehani, Lepklodendron Veitheimii, Bothrodendronnbsp;pimctatum, and Sigillaria elegans} This zone is presumably next above thenbsp;Millstone grit. 2. The middle zone, or zone of Anzin-Menrchin, is divisiblenbsp;on paleobotanic lines into three horizons, of which the lower is characterized by the great abundance of Splienopteris {Pseiidopecopteris) trifoliolala,nbsp;Diplothmema {Splienopteris) furcatum, Aletliopteris Bavreuxii, SplienoiAiyllumnbsp;myriopligllum, and Sigillaria rugosa, as well as rarer specimens of Splienopteris {Pseudopecopteris) ohtusiloba, Pecopteris abbreviata, Asteropliyllites equi-setiformis, Sigillaria laevigata, and Gordaites borassifolms; the middle horizonnbsp;by the continuation of Splienopteris Hoeninghausii, Aletliopteris lonchitica,nbsp;Bothrodendron pimctatum, and the rare appearance of Alethoqderis valida,nbsp;A. Serin, and Sigillaria camptotaenia, while the third horizon is marked bynbsp;the excessive rarity of the species typical of the lower zone, the absencenbsp;of the Stephanian species found in the upper zone, and the abundance ofnbsp;Pecopteris abbreviata. 3. The third or upper zone, that of Bully-Grenay,nbsp;in the Frauco-Belgian Basin, includes among its typical species the Spihe-nopteris {Pseudopecopteris) obtusiloba, S. neuropteroides, Pecopteris abbreviata,nbsp;Aletliopteris Serlii, Neuropteris rarinervis, N. tenuifolia, Linopteris Suh-Brongniartii (near to L. obliqua Bunb.), Asteropliyllites equisetiformis, Sphe-nophyllum emarginatum^ Sigillaria tessellata, S. camptotaenia, and Gordaitesnbsp;borassifolius in abundance, and the first examples of the Stephanian types,nbsp;Aletliopteris Orandini, Annularia sphenopliylloides, A. stellata, Pecoqiteris crenu-lata, and Linopteris M�nsteri, while the characteristic species of the lowernbsp;zone are entirely wanting.

The reader will already have recognized the names of the common American species in this upper zone, which belongs to the upper portion ofnbsp;the �Westphalian� group.^ The Westphalian {Houiller Aloyen) is succeedednbsp;in the stratigraphic column of Europe by the Stephanian, on which rest thenbsp;Autunian and other Permian subdivisions.

The relation of our flora to the European series is, however, somewhat concisely represented by the accompanying condensed tabulation of the

' In this discussion no attention will be paid to the horizons or minor geologic subdivisions of which the various species are characteristic or at which their distribution begins or ends. Thesenbsp;features, which have been worked out with brilliant results by M. Zeiller, are too detailed to warrantnbsp;consideration in an intercontinental comparison.

It seems possible that the Valencienne.s series may hardly extend to the top of the Westphalian.

Eremopteris missouriensis Lx. {Diplotlimenia furcation (Brongn.) Stur)......

Pseudopecopteris obtusiloha (Brongn.) Lx..................................

Ps. squamosa (Lx.)......................................................

Mariopteris cf. nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill. {M. muricata (Schlott.) Zeill.).....

M. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;spkenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill.............................................

Mariopteris n. sp. {Diplothmema Jacquoti Zeill.)...........................

Sphenopteris mixta Schimp................................................

S. pinnatifida (Lx.) {S. quadridactylUes Guth.)............................

S. chterophylloides (Brongn.) Presl........................................

S. crisiata (Brongn.) Presl (S. Douviliei Zeill.)............................

5. canneltonensis D. W. (Diplothmema Zeilleri Stur).......................

S. capitaia D. W. (S. Potieri Zeill.).......................................

S. ophioglossoides (Lx.) (S. Crepini Zeill.)................................

S. subcrenulata (Lx.) (Pecopteris crenulata Brongn.).......................

OUgooarpia missouriensis I). W. (0. Brongniartii Stur).....................

Aloiopteris Winslovii D. W. (A. Stei-nbergi (Ett.) Pot.).....................

Pecopteris dentata Brongn................................................

P. pseudovestita D. W. (P. abbreviata Brongn. ?)...........................

P. vestita Lx. (P. Volkmanni Sauv.)......................................

P. clintoniTuK. (P. Integra (Andrii) Schimp.)..............................

Aphlebia crispa (Guth.) Presl.............................................

Alethoptcris Serin (Brongn.) Goepp.......................................

GalUpieridium cf. Mansjieldi Lx. (Alethopteris Grandini (Brongn.) Goepp.).

Eeiiropteris rarinervis Bunb...............................................

JSf. missouriensis Lx.- (N. flexuosa Stb.)....................................

N. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Scheuchzeri Hoffm.....................................................

Linopteris gilkersonensis D. AV. (L. MUnsteri (Eichw.) Brongn.)............

Catamites ramosus Artis..................................................

O. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Suckoivii Brongn......................................................

C. Cistii Brongn.........................................................

AsterophylUtes equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn...........................

A. longifoUus (Stb.) Brongn..............................................

Calamostackys ovalis Lx.? (PalceostacbyapedunculataWili.)................

Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Guth..................................

A. stellata (Schloth.) Wood..............................................

Badicites capillacea (L. amp; H.) Pot. (Pinnnlaria eolumnaris (Artis) Zeill) ...

OOMPAEISOlSr WITH FLORA OF VALENCIENNES BASIN. 301 Table slioicing dintribution in the Valenciennes Basin (Westjghalian), etc.�Continued.

Cordaitea communis Lx. (C. borassifoUus (Stb.) Ung.). Cordaianthus ovatus Lx. (C. Volkmanni (Ett.) Zeill.).

The comparative distrihiition of identical or closely related species exhibited in the foregoing table is at once striking and instructive. Anbsp;glance at the columns shows that many among both identical and relatednbsp;species are found in the middle zone. But the conspicuous and significantnbsp;fact is the occurrence of 24 or 25 of the 26 of the identical Missouri speciesnbsp;in the upper zone of the Franco-Belgian basin. If we take account of thenbsp;distribution of the related species, we find 21 of the 27 in the same zone.nbsp;Tims our flora has a very marked and preponderant affinity with the floranbsp;of the zone of Bully-Grenay.

The evidence afforded by the distribution of the species needs only to be supplemented by a review of the profuse and admirably executed figuresnbsp;of the species from the upper zone given in Professor Zeiller�s great memoirnbsp;to insure a conviction that in that upper zone of the Valenciennes coal fieldnbsp;we find terranes of the age of the lower coals in Henry County, Missouri.nbsp;In fact, assuming a uniform distribution for the plants, there can be littlenbsp;doubt that the floras are nearly synchronous.

But although the identical species coincide so nearly exactly in their occurrence in the upper zone, we may profitably inquire as to the relationsnbsp;of the Missouri flora to that of higher beds not represented in this field, andnbsp;therefore not tabulated, or whether, while the main body of our florfi isnbsp;most closely allied to the zone of Bully-Grenay, the flora as a whole is notnbsp;more closely bound to the succeeding floras or those of the lower zone.

The testimony of the related species recorded in the table, so far as it concerns this inquiry, would seem to indicate less strongly the similarity ofnbsp;our flora to that of the upper zone, although nearly the same ratio prevailsnbsp;in the distribution in the middle zone. As tending, however, to explain this,nbsp;it should be stated that in a few cases the species from the Valenciennes Basin,nbsp;tabulated for the comparison, are not really so intimately bound in theirnbsp;specific details to the corresponding Missouri plants as are other Stephaniannbsp;species not occurring in the Valenciennes series. Thus SpJienopteris Vannbsp;Ingeni is probably most closely related to Sphenopteris Matheti from the Com-mentry Basin (Stephanian), Pecopteris Jenneyi to P. densifolia or P. oreopteridianbsp;of the same group, while Lepidostrobus princeps is much nearer L. Goldenhergiinbsp;than to L. Geinitsii, used for comparison with the Valenciennes flora.

But besides the evidence of related species, which is after all of very subordinate weight, we have in the material from Henry County a numbernbsp;of species of Stephanian identity or affinity. Among the former are Spihe-nopteris cristata, 8. suhcrenulata, Pecopteris hemitelioides f, and P. CandolUananbsp;and P. cf arhorescens, while Sphenopteris chceropliylloides is regarded as essentially a Stephanian species. Still other types are more modern in theirnbsp;characters or generic occurrence. Examples of these are possibly presentnbsp;in Brittsia, which is perhaps related to the Stephanian genus Zygopteris, andnbsp;in the plants provisionally referred to Titanophyllum and Dicranophyllum, bothnbsp;genera of the Stephanian, or in Callipteridmm SuUivantii, perhaps most nearlynbsp;related to Odontopteris oMusa, Sphenophyllum Lescuriamm, which seems tonbsp;belong to the later group represented by S. angustifolium, etc.; the Bhabdo-carpus Mansfieldi, which is undoubtedly very closely allied to Pachytestanbsp;insignis of the higher Measures, and perhaps the Tcsniopteris missouriensis.

� Of the 26 species represented in both the Missouri and Valenciennes floras, oniy 1, Lepiclodendron rimosum, is lacking in the upper (Bully-Grenay) zone. This species was found oniy in the lowernbsp;horizon of the middle zoue of the Franco-Belgian Basin.

well as the comparative absence of species characteristic of the middle zone of the Valenciennes Basin, indicates for our flora a greater and morenbsp;significant affinity with that of the beds succeeding the zone of Bully-Grenay than with those below it; and, if the Old World deposits which arenbsp;contemporaneous with the Henry County Coal Measures transgress eithernbsp;boundary of the upper zone of the Valenciennes series, the transgressionnbsp;or overlap is undoubtedly on the side of the beds succeeding the Valenciennes series and perhaps infringing on the Stephanian. For my ownnbsp;part, I am inclined to consider our flora as perhaps in a measure transitional; and that, while it is probably contemporaneous with a portion atnbsp;least of the upper zone of the Valenciennes Basin, its marked affinitiesnbsp;with many of the types of the Stephanian, as ju�esented in the basins ofnbsp;Commeutry or the Saar, make it far from impossible that it may represent a slight paleontologie transgression on the Stephanian (�Houillernbsp;sup�rieur�).

The above conclusions as to the contemporaneity of the Henry County flora Avith the plants of the upper zone of the Westphalian (�Houillernbsp;moyen�) in the Franco-Belgian Basin are in striking harmony with thenbsp;conclusions drawn from our comparisons with the British Coal Measures-For the study of the respective floras by Kidston^ and Zeiller^ has shoAvnnbsp;that the Amriations of the flora in the different stages of the British seriesnbsp;are ver}quot; nearly parallel Avith those in the Valenciennes Basin, so that thenbsp;Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain are regarded as essentially contemporaneous with the lower (Vicoigne) zone of the Valenciennes Basin.nbsp;The Middle Coal Measures are correlated Avith the middle zone,^ while thenbsp;transition beds of the British series, the plants of which are less completelynbsp;knoAvn, are referred with little doubt to the zone of Bully-GrenaA^. Thus wenbsp;find that those portions of the Old World terranes in (1) the British Coalnbsp;Measures and (2) the Franco-Belgian Basin, which as the'result of entirelynbsp;independent and distinct paleontologie comparisons I have been led tonbsp;regard as contemporaneous with our Missouri flora, have, in the course ofnbsp;the paleobotanic studies of the Old World series, been correlated by the

�Iu the case of the Potteries coal field in North Staffordshire, the uppermost beds are regarded by Zeiller, from their paleophytologic characters, as extending a little above the middle zone.

European paleobotanists. In the uniformity, consistency, and definition of the correlative evidence the fossil plants here offer an example seldomnbsp;equaled in any other class of paleontolog�ic evidence.

If we compare the Missouri plants with the floras of the other European basins, we shall find the synchronologic evidence essentially the same. Thus, in brief, just as our floi�a, while it is largely identical and probablynbsp;contemporaneous, in part at least, with the �Transition series� of Greatnbsp;Britain and the zone of Bully-Grenay, in the Valenciennes Basin, seems tonbsp;transgress slightly on the Upper Coal Measures and the Stephanian, so wenbsp;find it in the basin of Saarbriick near the top of the Westphalian {Saar-hrucker Schichten), where in the Geislautern beds, which probably extendnbsp;higher than the top of the Valenciennes series, being in partial coiTespond-ence with the British Upper Coal Measures, a number of Stephaniannbsp;{Othveiler Schichten) types make their appearance.

In the basin of Zwickau, in Saxony, the treatise on the plants of which by Geinitz is among the classics in paleobotanic litei�ature, the closelynbsp;related and probably synchronous beds are toward the base of a continuousnbsp;series marked in passing upward by a mingling of Westphalian and Ste-phaniau forms, ^ which give way to the predominance of the ordinary speciesnbsp;of the latter division.

In the basins of lower Silesia and Bohemia we shall find large representations of our species in the Schatzlar and Radnitz groups. With the flora of the ^^Schadarer Schichten,� the monographic elaboration of whichnbsp;was unhappily interrupted by the death of Director Stur, there is a closenbsp;relation, especially between plants from the upper beds of that group andnbsp;those which form the subject of this report. Of the groups in centralnbsp;Bohemia, the �Eaclnitzer Schichten,� whose plants have received treatmentnbsp;by Sternberg, Corda, Ettiugshausen, and 0. Feistmantel, are of the greatestnbsp;jM�esent interest to us. The presence in this series, especially in the Swinanbsp;and Mostitz beds, of a large number of species either identical or closelynbsp;related to those from Missouri is at once apparent from an inspection ofnbsp;Ettingshausen�s plates or the memoirs of O. Feistmantel,^ though the nomenclature in the former is largely different.

' See Sterzel: Paliiont. Char. d. Oberen Stelnk. n. Rothl., p. 70. ^ Verst, d. biSbm, Kohlen-Ahlag., i-iii, 1874.

General corajiarisoiis, such as those summarized in the preceding pages, of the flora in hand from Missouri with the floras of the Mesocai�boniferousnbsp;series in the principal basins of Europe show (1) so large a number ofnbsp;identical species, (2) so great a proportion of related species, (3) so important a predominance of the same floral elements, and (4) so close a generalnbsp;parallelism in the appearance and disappearance of the types as shown innbsp;their vertical distribution and occurrence in the upper beds of the Westphalian {Komller Moyen, Saarbr�cker Schichten), that the conclusion thatnbsp;the lower coals of Henry County, Missouri, were deposited near the closenbsp;of that period is not on any demonstrable grounds avoidable. The evidence of uniformity in the climate prevailing over Europe, within thenbsp;Arctic Circle,^ in North America, Asia, and, to some extent at least, in thenbsp;southern hemisphere, during early Carboniferous time, is too generallynbsp;recognized to require discussion as to the fact. The astonishingly largenbsp;proportion, not only of genera, but of species as well, found to be identicalnbsp;in the Culm and Mesocarboniferous in all the basins of Europe, Northnbsp;America, and China, and the comparative regularity in the sequence of thenbsp;floras in these basins, are so strongly marked as to leave little room for donbtnbsp;as to the extremely intimate connection of the floras living about the respective basins, or the existence of continental conditions necessary to theirnbsp;rapid, almost simultaneous and uniform, distribution. The extremely closenbsp;relationship, so well known to paleobotanists, between the respective florasnbsp;of the Culm, Millstone grit (Pottsville series), and basal portions of thenbsp;Lower Coal Measures in the fields of Europe and America necessitates thenbsp;assumption of v/onderful facilities for plant distribution during Culm andnbsp;early Mesocarboniferous time, facilities which, with the aid of an even climatenbsp;and presumably relatively low topography, made possible the comparativelynbsp;regular distribution and sequential order of probably nineteen-twentiethsnbsp;ol the genera and an unknown proportion (perhaps over one-half betweennbsp;North America and Pjurope) of the identical species. The degree of identity in the types is not less remarkable than the geographic range of

' The plants ot Bear Island and Spitzbergen are shown by Nathorst not only to have included the common genera, but largelj� identical species, while the individuals are as fully developed andnbsp;robust as those found in the contemporaneous beds of southern Etirope or the United States. (Seenbsp;Zur Paliiozoisohen Flora d. Arkt. Zone, Stockholm, 1S93.)

indivicltial species, and this in turn is much less impressive than the uniformity of the sequence and the parallelism of their appearance and extinction during this epoch, or the similarity of the elements which composed each flox�a. The writer is disposed to believe that the conditionsnbsp;favorable for plant distribution and the consequent comparatively homogeneous dispersion of the successive floras of the northern hemispherenbsp;during the period extending from the later Culm to near the middle of thenbsp;Mesocarboniferous have never been equaled since. That there was plantnbsp;migration can not for a moment be questioned. Yet the evidence of distribution, of vertical range, of characteristic associations, and of the succession of the floras bespeaks for the terrestrial plant species of that periodnbsp;such geographic uniformity of climate and such facility of iutermigration,nbsp;probably over a minimum distance, as to justify us in regarding the astonishingly similar associations of identical or closely related genera andnbsp;species which characterize each stage, zone, or group of the Culm andnbsp;Mesocarboniferous as essentially contemporaneous in all the basins of thenbsp;northern hemisphere.

Whether the Carboniferous flora xvas developed within the arctic zone or some other region of the earth is hardly more than a subject for speculation. Personally I am inclined to believe that many of the species ornbsp;genei�a of the Mesocarboniferous were, under similar local conditions,nbsp;evolved in different portions of the land surface, whence they spread, withnbsp;a rapidity difficult to conceive in the present day, over the greater part ofnbsp;the northern continents. Such a mode of generation, at different points,nbsp;of the various elements comprising a given flora might be described asnbsp;polychthanous.

The suggestion offered at different times by several European paleo-botanists^ that the flora of Mazon Creek, which is generally cited in America as the familiar illustration of the plant life of the lower part of our Lowernbsp;Productive Coal Measures, really represents a stage much higher than thenbsp;lowest series above the Millstone gxdt of Europe seems to be fully corroborated by a comparative examination of the floras. Such an examinationnbsp;will show, if we accept the synchronology of the respective floras, that thenbsp;plants of the Middle Kittanning, or of the E coal, fall within and arenbsp;apparently neai�1}' contemporaneous with the Geistlautern beds or the upper-

most beds of the Westphalian, while the Pittsburg coal of the bituminous basins^ and the Gr coal of the Northern Anthracite field are clearly referablenbsp;to the Stephanian {Ottweiler Schichten).

There is a strongly marked contrast between the known flora of the lowest coals of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and western Pennsylvanianbsp;and that of the Pottsville series, or Millstone grit, which lies in most casesnbsp;close beneath them, there being in fact relatively few species in common.nbsp;The latter flora agrees in its later phases with the flora of the Millstonenbsp;grit of Europe.

The Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain and the zone of Vicoigne in the Franco-Belgian Basin, with their intermingling of Millstone grit ornbsp;Culm species with the earliest of the Coal Measures types, appear, so farnbsp;as we know at present, to be uiii�epresented by any interval in the Lowernbsp;Productive Coal Measures in the bituminous regions mentioned above. Itnbsp;is not improbable, however, that this interval is concentrated in some casesnbsp;in the deposition of the highly variable upper benches of the Pottsville seriesnbsp;in the Northern States, rather than that it is represented by a time break ornbsp;that there is homotaxis without contemporaneity in the floras. For in thenbsp;greatly expanded sections of the Lower Coal Measures in the Kanawhanbsp;region in West Virginia, which is in the same Appalachian trough and wasnbsp;throughout Mesocarbouiferous time united with the northern areas by continuous shore lines, the characteristic forms of the lowest coals of the Lowernbsp;Productive Coal Measures of the States north of the Ohio and Potomacnbsp;rivers are not met until we arrive at a point several hundred feet above thenbsp;Pottsville series as hitheiTo limited. The floras of the Kanawha series,nbsp;extensive collections from which are now in my hands for examination,nbsp;will be found to show a lower zone of mingled types, corresponding verynbsp;closely to the Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain or the lower zone ofnbsp;the Franco-Belgian Basin.

' The flora of the Freeport coals is so nearly unknown that its relations to the floras of any other stage outside of the anthracite series is still quite uncertain.

PLATE I.

Strip coal pit at Hobbs�s bauk, 8 miles south of Clinton, Missouri, sbowin^f basin-shaped bedding of coal and overlying plant-bearing shales. (From a photograph by I)r. W. P. Jeuney.)

PLATE II

Fig. 1. Basal (?) view of the type of the species, Coal Flora, Plate B, figures 1 and 2. The trira-diate character is not very distinctly shown in the photograph. No. 250, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lateral view of the same type. The side exposed is not that illustrated in the original figure.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lateral view of No. 251, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. Identified by Professor Lesquereux

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Basal (?) view of the same example, showing profile of top and small concave point of sup

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apical ( ?) view of the same specimen, showing concave surface.

Fig. 6. Side view of characteristic discoid extensions, concave above, convex below. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 6035.

CONOSTICHUS. A SUPPOSED FOSSIL ALGA,

platp: III,

Fig. 1. Portion of a rock slab bearing fragments of several leaves of Cordaites communis Lx., between the nerves of which are seen the small oblong pits, with raised borders, produced by thenbsp;fungus, Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. �Ey.

la. Photographic enlargement of portion of Cordaites leaf, showing jjits produced by the fungus. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5418.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;X2.

V.. Li.'j ,f,- . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;i-,,v -fi

.1.'! f, *quot;.A� gt;� -

PLATE IV.

The large liexuose axis of the feru frond, with faintly ribbed central zone and broad border zones, traverses vertically the center of the slab. Two pinna? are given off on the left and three on the rightnbsp;of the axis or rhachis.

'.. '' -�. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'¹'¹. .'!quot;.i-gt;- ¹.-'H�x, quot;�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� �'- J��¹�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;''Cv¹ ' ' ' -j'4

v,f ¹V?gt; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� - -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;;#,.-��'T¹'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

.-V,:�' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹ �-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�� , .!. �nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.;�� - V/^ , ,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;P'-', lt;¹,�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- �-'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.gt;-� '��

�\!j�''quot;� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- ,�¹'-''quot;'.3quot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' .�� 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;''' .nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹.-�3'. '�'�^�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- f. Cquot;� --nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;²'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;r-t¹nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹' 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;/ '�'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹�' .'��inbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� 'Tfnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot; i % �quot;^�avnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Vnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,V¹nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' ¹- ''�t''¹ % ,.'.Cnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;gt;knbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� � �w�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¹nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;, A

V�?4.. -. .j j�¹ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�fV^'t.TV wvQ�v , '�gt;i-irt _ tnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� 1 ,?¹ v�-7�j'- , ^ , '�nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;cv 'A ' i/'v.j-' ² V-gt;4.-^s¹'¹?Mnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.��lt;¹� ^�. ¹^�lt;�.vi �¹ �i�¹'-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'?�² a.�^ -^y? �� 'j Si¹inbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-¹nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;x '�%

PLATE V.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Segment showing small pinnie and pinunles. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5681.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragment of segment with very largo pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5659.

3a. Enlarged pinnule of the same to show characteristic surface :iud dentition. x2.

PLATE VI.

Fllt;;. 1. Secfioiis of parallel pinuiv, .sbowing tlie forio auil proportions of the ultimate j)iima' ami ])iiuiules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 56.57.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail of pinnules from same slab. X2. .

P I. A T E VII.

Fig. 1. Fragment -witli very small, deeply lobed X)iimules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5635.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Segment showing the j)olymorphoas character of the inferior ijinnai and pinnules in the lower

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apical portions of the primary pinna:, showing flexuous rachis and rather lax pinna;. U. S.

Fig. 4. Fragment showing conijjactly jjlaced, thick, leathery iiinnules, or piuuagt;, terminating in spinous prolongation of the rachis. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5667.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail. X2.

5. Apical portion of a oomjiound i)iuna showing long, naked extension of the rachis. U. S.Nat. Mus., 5618.

Fig. 6. Fragment showing short triangular jgt;inu:e with broad i)innules or lobes, the lamina convex between the nerves. U. S. Nat. Mus , 5666.

FERNS: PSEUDOPECOPTERIS AND MARIOPTERIS.

PLATE VTIl.

Contiguous apical portions of two l)i- or quadripartite pimnc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 5627. 326

PLATE IX.

r'lG. 1. Portions of two sections of a primaiy pinna. The lower specimen illustrates the heteroiiiorphy of the inferior piimoe .and pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5709.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail of pinna showing lieteromorphj^ and dentition. The teeth are generallynbsp;longer than is shown in the iigiire, and the lamina of the pinnule is strongly convexnbsp;between the nerves. x2.

2. Fragment from near the apex of one of the quadri-sections of the primary pinna. II. S. Nat. Mus., 5710.

Fig. 3. Fragment very closely related to M. injlata, an unpublished MSS. species of Dr. Newberry, from Ohio. Dacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 4138.

Fig. 4. Fragments of the Pseudopeeopterix squamosa, the pinnules of which are dotted by the fungus, Exci}gt;uHtes CalHpleridis. No. 325 of the collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.nbsp;4a. Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same fern showing the fungus between the nerves. X2.

FERNS: MARIOPTERIS AND PSEUDOPECOPTERIS,

PLAT E X.

Fin. 1. Portions of nuailriseetions of primnry pinu�, showing characteristic apices. U. S. Nat. Mus. 5708.

2. Terminal portions of primary pinn�. The convex lamina between the nerves is partially abraded so as to reveal the more deeply impressed nervation in the photograph. U. S.,nbsp;Nat. Mus., 5707.

PLATE XI.

2. Segment from one side of middle portion of a secondary (?) pinna. U. S. Nat, Mus., 5615.

2a. Enlarged detail from the same showing three ultimate pinn� with form of pinnules and nervation. x2.

Fig. 3. Upper part of a primary pinna, showing compact pinnules near the top, and pinnatifid pinnules, developiug as tertiary pinna;, in the lower portion. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5712. *

PLATE XII.

i�iG. 1. Fragiueiit of .^eeoudary piuna shon'iug form with compact pinaiile.s and slemler racLi.s. The apex of Olie of the tertiary piuuiu of this species is seen ou the far right, a small fragmentnbsp;of CaUipieriilium SuUivantii (Lx.) Weiss lying between. C. S. Nat, Mns., 5714.

1�. Detail of pinnule of the same specimen, showing characteristic slightly creniilate margin.

X2.

2. Portion of a primary (?) pinna of the species. The specimen, tlnnigli somewhat dim, is interesting as showing the delicacy of the slender graceful piiime and the smaller ordinbsp;nary iiiunules. U. S. Nat. Mns., 5687.

Fig. 3. Pinnie showing small ultimate piiime or lobes. Original described in Bull. U. 8. Geol. purvey. No. 98, ]). 56. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5802.

PLATE XI IT.

la. Enlarged detail of portion of the same to show the fruit dots (.sori) on the ends of the lobes;

the sori, which are not well lepresented, appear to be referable to Symenotheca. x2.

2. Larger segment lower in the frond of thesame species; also fertile. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5619.

2a. One of the lateral piniue enlarged to show the lobation and the position of the fruit. X2.

Fig. 3. Penultimate and ultimate pinme. The very delicate, membranaceous quality of the lamina is imperfectly indicated. Fragments of Aloiopteris Winslooii D. W. are seen at the top.nbsp;U.S. Nat. Mus., 5616.

Fig. 4. Portions of several gracetul, curving, secondary (?) piuu�. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5713.

5. Fragment of lateral pinme with pinnules or lobes connate to an unusual degree. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5692.

PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Segment showing lateral pinnae in lower part of a primary (f) pinna. The broad rachis indicates a large pinna of considerable length. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5663.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail of ultimate pinna of the same, to illustrate obtuse and imperfect lobatiou.nbsp;X2.

2. Apical portious of lateral pinnae of the same species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5664.

PLATE XV.

Fig. 1. Fragment showing the long, slender, secondary (?) pinn�, in which the teeth of the pinnules are less buried in the matrix than usual. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5626.nbsp;la. Enlarged pinnule from upper part of the same segment, showing punctations caused bynbsp;minute glands or the bases of hairs. x2.

Fig. 2. Fragment showing the forin of the pinnules and lobes, drawn natural size. U. g. Kat. Mus., 5567.

Fig. 3. Section showing the rather lax aspect of the pinn� and pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5662. 3a. Enlarged detail of ultimate pinna showing very obtuse erect lobation of broad pinnulesnbsp;marked by appressed short hairs, which are really much more numerous than the drawingnbsp;indicates. x2.

PLATE XVI.

PLXTE XVI

The large leaf of the Cordaites, on the left, is slightly above the average in size; the base is wanting. A basal fragment is shown in PI. XLVI, while another small medial portion is seen in PI.nbsp;XXVII. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5702.

The specimen of Sphenopteris Brittsn, on the right, represents the ordinary aspect of the fragments of that fern, though the photograph is obscure. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5706.

........

■H- i '%■: r.-::--.t-

* r nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'/* 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;i*-' quot;Jnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;7 tnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ïnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- t^v* ►nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;jjj

'-'• *’vl'. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'sAjAt'•nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;—••nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■■nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;* . -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. V - ’J

PLATE XYII.

The photograph shows the ordinary aspect of portions of the fronds of this species, in which the margins are usually curved backward, burying the teeth more or less completely in the matrix.nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mus., 5668.

PLATE XVTII.

2. Upper portion of young pinna on which the pinnules are the smallest found. This form is perhaps identical with that listed from the same beds by Professor Lesquereux as Sphen-opteris Gravenliorstii Brongn. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6669.

Fig. 3. A fragment with large pinnules of this species occupies the central and lower portions of the rock. Small fragments of CalUpteridium memhranacenm Lx. occur on the left center, whilenbsp;pinn� of Pecopteris reptita Lx. lie near the lateral borders. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5807.

4. Apical portion of pinna of Sphenopterin pinnatifida with smaller pinnules. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5803.

PLAT E XIX.

Fig. 1. Photograph of the original specimen, a portion of which was illustrated in fig. 9, pi. Iv, of the Coal Flora as Splienopteris iridactylites. The greater portion of the rock, to the left, isnbsp;covered hy a fertile segment; a sterile fragment is on the right. Lacoe collection, U. S.nbsp;Nat. Mus., 4304.

In. Enlarged detail from the sterile pinnae on the right in the same specimen. X4.

Fig. 3. Pinnae showing rather strong, rugose, ventrally depressed rachises. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5703. SPHENOPTERIS ILLINOISENSIS D. W.

4a. Enlarged detail of pinnule of the same showing simple, very oblique lohation. X2.

PLATE XX.

Fig. 1. Portion of primary pinna showing slender flexuose raohis and graceful lateral pinnae. The pinn� in the upper portion are fertile, the sori being expressed as small rounded elevations on the ventral surface of the pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5694.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail showing sterile pinnules on same slab. X2.

3ft. Pinnule of No. 5698 still further enlarged to show the nervation. The convex margin and slightly depressed nervation are imperfectly indicated in Fig. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;X6.

4. Portion of the same frond as that seen in the left of Fig. 3. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5698.

Fig. 5. Pinn� showing pinnules of ordinary type. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. 350

PLATE XXI.

Fig. 1. Fragment with slender fertile lateral pinn� supposed to be referable to this species. The sori are impressed iu the lamina and show on the upper surface of the pinnules as minute,nbsp;dome-shaped elevations. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 4467.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Terminal portion of pinna of same character as that shown in Fig. 1. Lacoe collection, U. S.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragment of secondary pinna of 0. missouriensis, representing the form shown in PI. XX,

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another specimen similar to that iu Fig. 3, but smaller, the sori showing as dark spots on the

PLATE XXII.

PLATE XX IT.

Fig. 1. Portions of three of the very long secondary pinnae hearing ultimate pinnae of the normal form and size. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5609.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sterile pinnae of same species on right. Fragments of several fertile pinnae on the left.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragments showing very large pinnules of the same species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5613.

PLATE XXIII.

Fig. 1. Small ultimate pinnae, in which the pinnules are but partially separated, the nerves forking once at a wide angle, more than halfway from the rachis to the margin. U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;5721.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macerated pinnae, revealing skeletonized nervation of the same species. It will be noted

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Enlarged detail, showing pinnules and nervation of another specimen of the same specie.s

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragments of fertile pinme of A. WinslovU. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5690.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Portions of fertile secondary (?) piimiB of the same species. The reduced fertile pinnules

are obscure, the margin obliterated by the projecting elongated sporangia. A fragment of sterile pinna, with large pinnatifid pinnules is seen in the upper part. U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;� 5689.

6a. Enlarged detail from same, showing character of margin, and nerves forking below the middle at a not very wide angle. x2.

PLATE XXIV.

Fi(i. 1. PiniisB witli pinnules of ordinary form and size, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5643. la. Photographic enlargement of portion of the same. x2.

16. Similar enlargement of same, showing lamina convex between the nerves. The photograph is inverted in the plate. X2.

2. Fertile pinnse of the species, seen from the upper surface. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 5739.

Fig. 3A. Portion of secondary pinna with large pinnules. The specimen was identified as Pecopteris erosa Gutb. by Professor Lesquereux. Lacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 2386.

3Aa. Enlarged detail from the same fragment, showing dentition and nerves forking below the middle. x2.

Fig. 3B. Verticils with rather short leaves, on the left of Fig. 3. Lacoe collection, IT. 8. Nat. Mus., 2386.

Fig. 30. Obscure specimen; shows frequent branching. Lacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mns., 2386.

FERNS: PECOPTERIS AND ALOIOPTERIS. EQUISETALES: ANNULARIA,nbsp;SPHENOPHYLLALES: SPH EN 0 PH Y LLU M.

P L A T E X X V .

Pecopteris dentata Brongn.

Parallel secondary (?) pinnae, the upper portions of which are sterile. U. S. Nat. Mns., 5655. 360

PLATE XXVI.

Fig. 2. Small pinn� in which the lobes and young pinnules are unusually connate and obtuse. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5641.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Characteristic aspect of large pinn� with young pinn� and pinnatifid pinnules of this spe

3o. Enlarged detail of apex of one of the lateral pinn� of the same specimen. The aspect of the lamina and border are not well shown. X2.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Enlarged detail of small pinna of U. S. Nat. Mus., 5621, shown in PI. XXVII. x2.

PLATE XXVII.

Upper portion of a primary pinna, showing very large pinnules in the uppermost secondary pinnae, and ordinary and typical pinnules in tertiary pinnae a little above the middle of the specimen.nbsp;The lower portion of the segment is fertile, the margins of the pinnules being rolled backward a littlenbsp;and buried in the matrix. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5621.

An enlarged detail of sterile pinnules of this specimen is given in PI. XXVI, Fig. 4.

: .gt;

PLATE XXVIII.

Fig. 1. Typical lateral, secondary (f) pinnae, with characteristic slightly ohtuse ultimate pinme of this species. This specimen, formerly a part of Professor Lesquereux�s private collection,

. was named hy him as Pecopteris Clintoni Lx. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3174. la. Enlarged detail of pinnule of the same. x4.

2. Fragment with pinna; similar to those in Fig. 1. This also was determined hy Professor Lesquereux as P. Clintoni. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3179.

PLATE XXTX.

Portion of a slab 36 cm. in height covered by jiarallel sections from the interior of large pinnse. The large size of the rachises of the two segments shown in this plate indicate a great length,nbsp;perhaps more than 5 meters for the large pinnae, which evidently belonged to the same individualnbsp;tree fern. It is not, however, certain whether these large fragments of rachis proceeded directlynbsp;from the trunk or axis of the fern or whether, as their close parallelism suggests, they belong only tonbsp;lateral pinnae of giant fronds of the fern. A detailed enlargement of one of the ultimate pinnae ofnbsp;this specimen is shown in PI. XXVIII, Fig. 3. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5648.

In the lower right-hand corner of the plate are seen several rather dim fragments of Pecupteris clintoni Lx.

PLATE XXX.

Fig. 1. Segment allowing pinnatifid pinnules and young pinnie of tliis species. Small Aphlebm are present at the bases of the second lateral pinna from below on the left, and of the fourthnbsp;on the right. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 5725.

le. Enlarged detail of young pinna in lower right of the slab. The nervation is too close and too much divided in the upper lobes. X2.

ti-ï ’ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Inbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;v'.'t ,,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-■nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;V 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' •nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;•\*.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■'.•nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- ■'gt;'■1

f ' . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' r •nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;/ ‘''t '*.''• ï 'lt;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;c* V- 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;, ,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;/i- •* A ■!

■'• ' ;■ -v;i' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■■'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■ •■:'^•:... „:.■

, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;iJ~ f-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Vquot; »nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' 'i'' 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;f'quot;''nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;V‘'j'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■’ ’.

. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;‘.‘-4 •nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„•nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;‘nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;‘'v'S': \fnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;':nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-.1 -'i

PLATE XXXI.

Fig. 1. Portion of lateral pinna similar to those in Pi. XXIX. This specimen is one of the originals illustrated in pi.xxxi, fig. 2, of the Coal Flora as Alethopteris anibigua Lx. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 3093.nbsp;la. Pinnule from same specimen enlarged. X2.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pinnm of the same species, in which the sori are in the process of development on the under

surface of the pinnules and the lamina is slightly reduced. This example also was labeled as Alethopteris amhigua by Professor Lesquerenx. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus,,nbsp;3097.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fertile pinn� supposed to he referable to the same species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5809.

3a. Photographic enlargement of a portion of the same species. The oblong sporangia of Astero-theca are dimly indicated. x2.

PLATE XXXII.

� nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PeCOPTERIS PSETJDOVES�ITA D. W.

Fig. 1. Portion of secondary (?) pinna, showing robust young pinnae of this species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5644.

2. Fragment showing form of lateral pinnae, and portion o' large rachis similar to those in PI. XXIX. U. S. Nat. Mult;., 5645.

PLATE XXXIII.

Peoop�ekis vesti�a Lx.

PiG. 1. Pinna of ordinary form, tapering gradually toward the apex. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5685.

la. Pinnules of same enlarged. The villosity of the surface is not shown in this or Figs. 2a and 5a. X2.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Common form of pinnatifid pinna of this species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5647.

2a. Enlarged detail from the same to show nervation. The villosity of the pinnules is not represented. x2.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apical jjortion of secondary (?) pinna. Characteristic slender tapering apex. U. S. Nat

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Portion of secondary ( f) pinna, showing lateral pinnse with pinnules a little larger than those

6. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pinna of same species, showing tapering form. FT. S. Nat. Mus., 5688.

Pecopteris cf. ARBORESCENS Broiign.?

Fig. 7. Specimen with mostly simple nerves, doubtfully referred to the above species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5686.

' v,- -quot; ■■

PLATE XXXIV.

PLATE XXXY.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Portions of .secondary (?) pinna3 with more compact pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6652.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Enlarged detail of small pinnules of another specimen, No. 5649, U. S. Nat. Mus., doubtfully

Fig. 4. Part of secondary (?) pinna showing lax habit of pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5605.

Fig. 5. Fertile pinnie provisionally referred to this species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5594.

5a. Enlarged detail of portion of one pinnule to show the two rows of sori of the type of Asterotheca, each consisting of four or five slender acute sporangia, inclined, in the compressed specimen, toward the midrib of the pinnule. X4.

Fig. 6. Fragment showing lax pinnules, slightly stalked, with undulate margins. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5654.

FERNS; PECOPTERIS AND SPH EN 0 PIER IS.

FLATE X X X YI.

Fig. 1. Portions of two Literal pinna3 from a part of whicli the organic residue has been removed. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5598.

16. Photographic enlargement of pinna of same specimen, showing very coarse nervation. x2.

2. Another example of the same species, in which the pinnules are proportionally longer. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5599.

Fig. 3. Pinnse on the lower portion of which the sporangia are in the process of development. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5596.

PLATE XXXVII.

Fig. 1. Young pinna with small pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3594. la. Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same. X2.

4. Finn� and pinnules showing the normal form and size. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3590. A pinnule of the angustifoUa form of the Neuropieris Seheuclizeri Hofiamp;n. is seen on the left.

FERNS'. ALETHOPTERIS AND NEUROPTERIS,

PLATE XXXVIII.

PI. ATE XXXVIII.

Eig. 1. Fragment from whieh tlie carbonaceous matter is largely removed. Its reference to tills species is tentative. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5810.nbsp;lo. Enlarged detail of pinnule of same. X2.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Slender pinna showing slightly variable pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5625.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragment with largo pinnules separate to the rachis. IJ. S. Nat. Mns., 5691.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the types of the species. Original of fig. 5, pi. xxvii, p. 177, of the Coal Flora.

4ffl. Pinnule from the upper portion of the same enlarged to show the nervation. The marginal gutter, slightly exaggerated in the drawing, is also present in the other specimens. x2.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apical segment determined as this species hy Professor Lesipierenx. l.acoe collection, �. S.

6. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apical fragment with young pinuie doubtfully referable to this species. It appears to

represent a peculiar form with very broad rachises and thin midribs. The example photographed is the only one yet found. Collection of Pr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.nbsp;6a. Enlarged pinnules from tlio same. X2.

P r. A K XXXI X .

Fig. 1. Portion of secondary (?) pinna with robust lateral pinme, the lovv'er pinnules of which are constricted in Neuropteroid form at the base. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5660.nbsp;la. lletail showing one of the basally constricted lower pinnules. x2.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ordinary aspect of a i)inna of the species. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3589.

P L A T E XL.

Fig. 1. Fragment in which the pinnules are attached hy the entire width of the base. �. S. Nat. Mus., 5557.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Upper portion of pinna with connate Alethopteroid pinnules. U. S. Nat. Jins., 5556.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alethopteroid phase from still higher iir the pinna. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5560.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apex of the pinna, Alethopteroid, with strongly decurrent pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5558.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragment low in pinna, showing basally constricted pinnules attached to central zone of a

7. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Portion of a very large pinnule. Specimen in the collection of Dr. J. H, Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

P T. A E X 1 .1.

Young pinn� developing in Odontopteroid form, constricted at base. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5479. Apex of compound pinna, showing Neuropteroid constriction of large ])innules, before passingnbsp;into the iiinnatifid stage. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5481.

Pinn� showing characteristic forms of lateral and terminal pinnules. II. S. Nat. Mus., 5631. Example with smaller pinnules of the same species. II. S. Nat. Mus., ,5472.

Portion of No. 5672 (shown in PI. XLII, Fig. 1), showing the nervation; natural size. Enlarged detail of small area to show vascular strands in the lamina between the largernbsp;nerve bundies. The number and distribution of the strands is greater than is represented.nbsp;Thej' are somewhat irregular. X2.

Large pinnule showing linear form and peculiar meshing of the nerves. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5485.

Fig. 9. Fragment showing young pinna, with irregular pinnules. The specimen was identified by Professor Lesquereux. I.acoe collection. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3590.

Fig. 10. FTagment from the macerated specimen photographed in IT. LXXIII, Fig. 1. It should per-ha])S be regarded as an Alga. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6076.

PLATE XL II.

Detail of portion of surface showing vascular bundles. Another detail of an area nearer the base is shown as PI. XLI, Fig. 6a.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;X2.

Apical portion of pinna, on right of which are seen pinnules representing 0. Bradleiji, while on the left the lamina is for some distance entire as in 0. Wortheni Lx. The specimen isnbsp;perhaps only a heteromorphous pinna of the Neuropteris Sclieiichzeri HofFm. U. S. Nat.nbsp;JIus., .5623.

Enlarged detail of portion of the same showing nervation and short fine hairs appressed on the surface of the pinnules. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5623.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;X2.

Single pinnule, representing a small narrow form of the species, with relatively slender apex, known as Aquot;. angmtifoUa. U. S. Nat. Mus., .5633.

Portion of the same enlarged to show the asymmetrical auriculate and pedicellate base, the nervation, and the short slender hairs appressed on the surface. X2.

PLATE XL II I.

Incomplete, large, Cyclopterid pinnule. Original of the description by Professor Lesquereux under the above name in Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 78. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 6038.

PLATE XLIV.

Fig. 1. Apex of compound pinna. U. S. Nat. Mns., 5661. la. Detail of pinnule showing simple dentition. x2.

Fig. 2. Portion of a pinniile of more elongated form. The margin is seen on the left only. U. S. Nat. Mas., 5658.

Fig. 4. The figure shows the finely punctate surface of the impression on which no clear traces of vascular bundles are seen. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5726.

PLATE XLV.

Fig. 1. Large axis, 2.5 cm. in diauieter, clothed by large, oblong, chaffy or foliar scales. On the right is seen an expandednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;comparable to A. Lactuca. U. S. Nat. llns., 5727.

Fragment showing lax habit of deeurrent iiinine and lobes. U. S. Nat. Mns., 5815. Enlarged detail showing nervation of the same.^ x2.

Fig. 3. Pinna showing very large pinnules of the species. U. S. Nat. Mils., 5630.

Fig. 1. Cortex of compressed branch showing leaf cushions and leaf scars. U. S. Nat. Mns., 6044.

Other examples of this species are illustrated in PI. LIV, Fig. 5, and PI. LV, Figs. 1, 2.

FERNS: SPH ENOPTER IS. NEUROPTERIS, AND APHLEBIA. LYCOPODIALES: LEPI DODEN DRON.

PLATE XLVI.

platp: XLVI.

The photograph .shows the greater portion of a large frond of Aphlebia Germari Zeill. spread out on the slab. The spinous, villose aspect of the surface, especially near the base, is imperfectly indicated. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5546.

On the right lies a small leaf of Corelaites commiiiiis �^x. For further illustration of the latter see PI. I.

PLATE X L VII.

Beit�sia problematic a L). W.

Fig. 1. View of frond in which the pinnae are rolled hack on all sides, showing the broad central rachis. Portions of the thalloid expansions are seen on the upper right. The photographnbsp;is inverted. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5683.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Expanded frond, from which the pinnules have been removed, showing the broad lobular

expansions of the fleshy or thalloid wing of the rachis. The light spots in the sinuses of tiie lobes correspond to the attachment of the imbricated iiinnules. The margins of thenbsp;lobes, though thinning, .are hardly so uneven as the retouching indicates. U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;5724.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Enlarged detail of one of the lobes or fleshy expansions of the rachis of a lateral pinna. The

vascular bundles are seen to diverge from the axis and pass to the sinus at the ujjper angle of the lobe, where a distinct carbonaceous residue of the base of the pinnule usuallynbsp;remains. The character of the surface of the lobe, which is destitute of vascular trace,nbsp;is also shown in the enlfirgement. x5.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Portions of two of the � pinnules�' which are attached at the sinuses of the lobes. The detail

enlargement shows the nervation and a very small portion of the margin, including one of the teeth. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5723.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;X5.

Aphlbbia SUBGOLDENBERGII B. W.

Fig. 7. Fragment showing lateral divisions or pinnse, with thin lobes or pinnules traversed by broad, flat vascular bands. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 9599.

FERNS; PECOPTERIS, APHLEBIA, AND BRITTSIA,

PLATE XLVIII.

Fig. 1. Frond showing fleshy expansions of the central axis (rachis) and pinna}. The thick, apparently veinless, thalloid lobes of the latter are seen on the left. In the lower left fragments of the pinnules overlying the fleshy bordered rachises are seen. U. S. Nat. ilns., 5723.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail of the lower left of the same specimen, showing portion of main axis and fournbsp;pinme with their fleshy expansions or thalloid lobes. The vascular system is also indicated. Toward the margin portions of several of the pinnules expanding in a planenbsp;above the rachis are seen, with their dentate margins. The individuality of the pinnulesnbsp;is not clear in the figure. X2.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Photograph of portion of frond from which the rachial plane has been broken away, leaving

2a. Enlarged photograph of the same. The remains of the double (parallel) rows of pinnules of three pinme are seen, especially the two rows of one pinna on the right. x2.

2i. Detail of the same showing the broken remains of the two imbricated rows of pinnules or scales of the pinna on the right of Fig, 2�. The basal portions of the pinnules whichnbsp;narrow to the sinuses between the lobes of the rachis are broken away. The pinnulesnbsp;are not so striated as the drawings la and 2ft indicate. X2.

2c. Detail showing pinnules in left of Fig. 2. The thick nerves and several of the teeth of the pinnules are seen, while the trend of the nerves toward the sinuses, and the vascular bandsnbsp;of the rachis are indicated. The impressions on the underlying fleshy rachis indicate anbsp;considerable length for the basal portions of the pinnules. X2.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Small frond showing axis, piuiue which are somewhat radiately disposed, and fleshy lobes of

the rachis, the Itorders of the lobes being overlain in places by fragments of the over-lying compressed pinnules. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5722.

PLATE XLIX.

Fig. 1, Fragment of stem sliowing large excentric branch cicatrices, and transversely elongated leaf scars. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragment with more nearly erect leaves. U. S. Nat. Mns., 5676.

4a. Enlarged details showing cortex of stem and lineate, minutely carinate leaves from same specimen. X2.

EQU ISETALES; CYCLOCLADIA AND ASTEROPHYlLiTES.

^�gt;�kClt;-9i^.^- 1quot; '^7�*-^lf.h-^�^-^'^^^�lt;lt;\H.'�:-amp;^�-�^'^^� ^�- '''T'sfeJ �lt;amp;��;'ivV*-^#?gt; :

� ;, gt;;;gt;� � . . gt;��.- � ;yc;.�� .4 � nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;�'- -,:- �� , - V ^v

��$:�:�� -. ..�'5- nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.'4 ,-r.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4'..f

PLATE L.

Fig. 1. One of the specimens determined bj' Professor Lesquereux as Jsiei-'bphylliies fasciculafus Lx. Lacoe collection, TJ. S. Nat. Miis., 8296.

Irt, Photographic enlargement of the upper portion of the same, showing bifurcate leares. X2. Ic. Detail of a portion of the same to show the nervation. x2.

2. Another specimen labeled as Asterophyllites fasciculalus by Professor I.esquereux. The bifurcate form of the leaves appears in the upper part, though it does not show well in the photograph. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mns., 8295.

3; Branches of the same species. Most of the leaves are seen in profile, but several in the front of the verticils in the upper part of the specimen show the forked form. U. S. Nat. Mns.,nbsp;5639.

6A. Leaves on the upper part of the rock, showing margin. Lacoe oollection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 8711.

Fig. 6B. Branches, showing verticils of peculiarly bidentate leaves. This example was labeled and recorded by Professor Lesquereux as Sphenophyllum oblonyifolium Germ. Lacoe cidlection,nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mub., 8711.

PLATE LI.

Fig. b. Photographic enlargement of No. 8711, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., shown natural size in Fig. 6, PI, L. The enlargement shows well the form and dentition of the leaves. x2.

PLATE LU.

FiO. 1. Slab covered rvith braucblets and leafy twigs. The bifurcation of the branches is seen at several points. U. S. Kat Mus., 5610.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Enlarged detail from lower right of the same slab, showing lower portions of leaves attached

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Portions of the cortex of old trunks, showing the form of the bolsters or leaf cushions; the

crescentic leaf scars, convex upward, and the corrugation above and below the leaf scar. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6039.

3a. Enlarged detail of holster of the same. The limits of the leaf scar are hardly so clearly defined in the specimen, nor are the appendages so distinct, thongh they appear to benbsp;faintly visible. X2.

PLATE LIT I.

Fig. 1. Branch with many narrow, tapering leaves. The latter are slightly reflexed. The outlines of the slender, fusiform bolsters are faintly seen, the corrugation being visible. U. S. Nat.nbsp;llus., 6040.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

la. Enlarged detail, showing form and ornamentation of a bolster of the same. The appendages are delineated too distinctly. x2.

Fig. 2. Forking branch, showing diamond-shaped bolsters. The latter are a little distant. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

2a. Enlarged detail of two bolsters of the same, showing the very slight altitude of the leaf scars, which are distinctly directed upward, and the ligular trace just above the leaf scar.nbsp;X2.

LYCOPODIALES; LEPIDODENDRON,

PLATE LIV.

Lepidodendron British Lx.

2. Fragment from larger branch at the point of hifnrcation. The leaf scar.s are faintly shown. The specimen was determined by Professor Lesqnereux. Lacoe collection, U. S. Xat. Mns.,nbsp;5488.

Fig. 3. Fragment of cortical impression in which the outer cortex appears to have been longitudinally ruptured in elongated diamond-shaped breaks by the expanding inner cortex, separating still further the already distant, linear, fusiform bolsters. U. S. Nat. Mns., 6043.

??. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Enlarged detail showing linear, elongated bolsters and the transversely rhomboidal leaf

??. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Single bolster of the same still further enlarged to show the cortical ornamentation and the

4. Fragmentary impression of cortex of old trunk in sandstone. The specimen, which was labeled as this species by Professor Lesquereux, shows the distant, greatly elongatednbsp;bolsters and the complex wrinkling of the bark between the bolsters. Lacoe collection,nbsp;U. S. Nat. Mns., 5280.

4a. Detail, natural size, from the same, to show the features of the leaf scars. It is hardly probable that the features of the actual outer surface of the scar are here presented.

Lepidodendron scutatum Lx.

Fig. 5. Enlarged detail of No. 6044 photographed in PI. XLV, Fig. 4. It shows the character of the leaf scars and the appendages. x2.

LYCOPODIALES; LEP I DO D EN D RO N.

PLATE LV.

Fig. 1. Slab strewn with dichotomous branches of this species, shown on the right. U. S. Nat. Mas., 6045.

LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDODENDRON.

PLATE LVI.

Fig. 1. Portion of stem from which the epidermis has been removed. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6047.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the specimens described and figured by Professor Lesquereux (Coal Flora, vol. iii, p.

781, pi. cv, fig. 4'' as Lepidophloios dilatatus Lx. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5944.

2a. Photographic enlargement of the same, in different light, to show the aspect of the leaf scars. x2.

2b. Enlarged detail of exposed portion of bolster of No. 5944. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;x2.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Isolated and partially decorticated bolster showing portion of leaf scar and the pit above it

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Similar isolated bolster showing vertical wrinkles, due perhaps to flattening of the bolster.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bolster from which nearly all carbonaceous residue has been removed, showing the approxi

mate profile of leaf scar and distinct � ligular pit.� U. S. Nat. Mus., 6049.

7. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Very large bolster, partially decorticated. U. S.Nat. Mus., 6052.

8. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Very large and strongly convex bolster in shale. It shows rounded lateral angles and base.

LYCOPODIALES; LEPI DOPHLOlOS.

PLATE LVII.

Lbptdophloios Van Ingbni D. w.

Pig. 1. Portion of large slab described and partially figured by Professor Lesquerens in Coal Flora, Yol. iii, pi. cv., fig. 2, as Lepidox)hloios dilatatiis Lx. The rhomboidal profiles of the completely flattened bolsters are visible over the corticated portion, while in most cases thenbsp;leaf soar is seen. The Knorrla stage of the trunk is indicated in the lower left. Lacoenbsp;collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5947.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail of bolster of same. X2.

LYCOPODIALES ; LEPI DOPH LO lOS,

PLATE LVIII.

Fig. 1. The large leaf fragments on the left half of the slab are probably referable to this species.

Small branchlets of Lepidodendron BrittsU Lx. appear on the right. IT. S. Nat. Mns., 6061.

Fig. 2. Lower part of bract, dilated at the point of union with the large sporangiophore. U. S. Nat.

Mus., 6062. A portion of an isolated bolster of Lepidophloios Van Ingeni lies to the left.

platp: lix.

Big. la. Upper part of cone, showing bracts along the profile, the interior mass being composed of the long sporangiophores crushed with the spore cases (SporocysUs). U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;6054.

16. Detached fully grown bract of the same species, illustrating the relatively long sporangiophore. 2. Another bract {Lepidophyllum Jenneyi) showing dilation at base of blade. The membraneousnbsp;expansion of the sporangiophore is wanting. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6056.

Fig. 3. Isolated and partially compressed spore case of Lepidostrobiis Jenneyi. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6055.

Fig. Ic. Branch with unusually slender leaves, to the left of the Lepidostrobiis on the slab.

Fig. Id. Fragments, vfith very small leaves, near the top and in the lower right of slab.

PLATE LX.

Pig. 1. Slab, on the left of wbiob is a fragment of a large cone of this species, while scattered bracts lie on the right. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bract (Lepidophylliim missottrienae) of the same species, showing dilation of blade at junction

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bract of same species showing acuminate apex and large sporangiophore. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

PLATE LXI.

Ferruginous sandstone from Gilkerson's Ford, Grand Eiver, Missouri. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5065. Lepidophyllitm MISSOURIBNSB D. W.

Fig. \a. Fragments scattered over slab. The sporangiophore and midrib are well shown in a specimen in the upper middle of the plate.

Fig. 1ft. Spore cases of Lepidophyllum {Lepidostroius) missourimse. Most of them are longitudinally ruptured and are spread out, the spores having been discharged.

Fig. le. The normal form of the seed with its wing is shown in the example on the right.

Fig. If. Pinnule of ordinary size and form. It lies just below the specimen to which reference was last made.

Fig. 1;/. Sigillarioid leaves, probably preferable to S. camptotwma Wood, which is found associated in the same stratum.

LYCOPODIALES: LEPI OOP H LO lOS, LE PI OOP H YLLU M, AND LEPI DOCYSTIS. CORDAITALES: CARD IOCAR PON.

PLATE LXII.

PLATELXII.

Ferruginous sandstone from Gilkerson�s Ford, Grand EiTer, Missouri. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5065.

Lepidophyllum missoueiense D. W.

Fig. a. Several hracts scattered over slab. The upper one on the right is the most slender example yet seen. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6065.

Lepidooystis missoueiensis D. W.

Fig. b. Collapsed spore cases. The specimen to the right of the center of the slab, and especially that in the upper extreme left, are typical of the size and form of the ruptured and spreadnbsp;spore cases of Zepidostrohiis missouriensis.nbsp;c. Spore cases compressed, but not ruptured.

Fig. d. Macrospores of the above species. On the left are seen the agglomerated spores as contained in two of the spore cases. The masses retain the size and form of the flattened sporenbsp;cases, though the latter have been removed.

e. Scattered and isolated macrospores of the same. The triradiate surface sculpture of these is shown in the enlarged details from this specimen given in I*!. LXIII, Figs. 3, 3a.

Lbpidophloios Yan Ingeni D. W.

Lbpidosteobus peinceps Lx.

Fig. It. Portion of rather small cone showing long sporangiophores at the base and fragments of bracts. The sporangiophores are very oblique in this example.

Fig. i. Fragments of Sigillarioid leaves, presumably referable to the associated species, Sigillaria camptotamia. They may, however, represent a Lepidodendron.

LYCOPODIALES: LEPI DOSTRO BUS, LEPI DO P H YLLU M, LEPI DOCYSTIS, TRILETES. LEP I DO PH LO lOS. AND SIGILLARIOID LEAVES,

P L A T E L XIII.

Fig. 1. Fragment of Broken cone showing the very broad axis and the crowded sporaugiophores on either side. The blades of the bracts are broken away. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6066.

PLATE LXIV.

Fig. a. Segment of cone from wliicli a large portion of tte blades have been broken away. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6057,

Fig. e. Very long Sigillarioid or Lepidodendroid leaves, probably referable to Sigillaria eamptotcenia Wood.

PLATE L X V .

Fragment of impression of compressed trunk showing rhomboidal holsters within which are crushed or folded, rounded, prominences or bosses. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 6024.

, -•gt; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;--.‘.■25;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■''-

PLATE LXYl.

Fig. 1. Impression of old stem in Tvhich the bosses are crashed, with infolded cortex upon the holster surface. 'This is one of the originals described by Professor Lesquereux as Lepidodendronnbsp;cijclostigma. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5502.nbsp;la. Enlarged detail of bolster of the same. X 2.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cortex from which the epidermis has partly been removed. The bosses, resembling Lepido-

dendroid leaf soars, are not so compressed as in the other cases. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6025. 2a. Detail of bolsters from No. 6025.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;x2.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Impression of young trunk, to whioli the epidermis has adhered. The form of the bolsters is

obscured by the prominent large bosses, in which may be seen the small raised oval bosses. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Young stem, or branch, with rounded cortical depressions in the lower portion. The aspect

of the jiartially decorticated stem is also seen. The photograph is inverted on the plate. U. S. Nat. Mns., 6027.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fragment of young branch from which the epidermis has been removed. 11. S. Nat. Mus., 6028.

LYCOPODIALES: OM P H ALO PH LO lOS,

PLATE LX VII.

Fig. 1. Portion of flattened and apparently forked trunk. The mold of the compressed branch has been removed from the upper left, leaving the impression of the back side of the branch.nbsp;The back side of the cast, or branch itself, is shown in Fig. 2. On the right and in thenbsp;lower part of Fig. 1 the outlines of the bolsters are discerned, while the more or less flattened and deformed bosses are seen throughout. In the left center the inner small ovalnbsp;bosses, including the shallow oval pits, are visible. The prominent, transverse, brokennbsp;surface, tangent or slightly conuivent with the lower end of the oval boss, is construed asnbsp;representative of the leaf cicatrix. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5636.nbsp;la. Enlarged details of bolsters on ibe left of the same specimen, showing the oval boss withnbsp;central oval depression containing small mammilla. The transverse line of fracture,nbsp;supiiosed to represent the leaf scar, is not so well shown. x2.

2. Back side of portion of branch removed from the left of the trunk shown in Fig. 1. The opposite side of this fragment is shown in PI. LXVIII, Fig. 1. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6029.

PLATE LXVIII,

Pig. 1. Pilotographic enlargement of face of the portion of flattened branch removed from the upper left of the large trunk shown in Fig. 1, PI. LXVII. The bolster outlines are more oi- lessnbsp;distinctly seen, as well as the oval bosses and central depressions. As usual the pronii-nent, shallowly transversely triangular area, just beneath the oval boss, sujiposed tonbsp;represent the leaf scar, is more or less abraded. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6029.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;X2.

PLATE LXIX.

Part of a slab, in the lower part of which is a portion of a flattened trunk. The impression of the back side of the trunk is continued to the top of the slab. Between the subepidermal casts ofnbsp;the leaf scars are seen the diagonal systems of cross-striation of the cortex characteristic of thenbsp;Saisiffillariw. IT. S. Nat. Mus., 6057.

PLATE LXX.

Pig. 1. Fragment from young stem, partially deprived of the epidermis. U. S. Xat. Mus., 6063.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another stem in which both the leaf scars and the diagonal cross-striatiou, usually less clearly

3a. Enlarged detail showing leaf scars, supra- and subjacent shields, and cortical aspect; from the same siiecimen. xS.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Surface of fragment of old trunk, from which the epidermis is partly removed. It shows the

Fig. 5. Impression, apparently Stigmariau in nature, with deep diagonal cross wrinkling, perhaps referable to Siglltaria camptotamia Wood. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6067.

Fig. 2. Portion of tlattened vstem. The fragment photographed is the ^�reverse�� of the original typGj described and ilhistrated (Coal Flora, p. 425, pi. Ixviii, figs. 8, 8a) as Lcjndophlowsnbsp;shjillarioides Lx. Lacoe collection, IT. S. Nat. Mus., 6659.

PLATE LXXI.

Fig. 1. Slab coveted by broad parallel leaves. The thin carbonaceous scale is removed from portions of the surface, showing faintly the position of the loose flesuose vascular band traversingnbsp;each leaf. Small leaves are emitted, distantly, from the large ones, the point of unionnbsp;giving a somewhat Stigmarioid impression. Such an impression is seen about 2.5 cm.nbsp;below the upper end of the broad leaf in the upper center of the rock. U. S. Nat. Mus.,nbsp;6068.

Ic. Detail of the attachment of a small leaf near the top of and on the back side of the large leaf in the upper center as expressed through the leaf. It also shows the lineation of thenbsp;leaf. x4.

PLATE LXXII.

Fig. 1. Fragment ivith very small gemmuies. U. S. Nat. Miis., 6073. la. Detail of gemmnles and spine from same. x2.

2. Portion of spike with large gemmnles. This specimen was identified under the above name by Professor Lcsqnerenx. With it are fragments of a Cordaites, probably C. communis Lx.,nbsp;and of a macerated Pecopferis pseudoveslita. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mns., 9202.

2n. Enlarged detail of gemmnle on upper left of the fragment of Cordaianthus ovaUis. X2.

Fig. 3. Specimen showing nucleus and wing. The basal dilation is exceptionally narrow in this example. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6065.

Fig. 4. Branchlets showing characteristic a titude of the leaves. XT. S. Nat. Mns., 6074.

PLATE LXXIII.

Fig. 1, Pliotograph showing aspect of a specimen doubtfully referred to the above genus, but which may be Algoid in its nature. The fossil is somewhat macerated. A detail from the samenbsp;is given in PI. XLI, Fig. 10. �. S. Nat. Mua., 6076.

LYCOPODIALES; LEP I DOCYSTIS. SPHENOPHYLLALES: SPHENOPHYLLUM.nbsp;GYMNOSPERM: DICRANOPH YLLU M ?

INDEX.

[Names in italic are synonyms; figures in blacisfacc type are numbers of pages on which detailed descriptions appear.]

INDEX.

li^DEX.

^DVERTISEMEISTT.

The statute approved March 3, 1879, establishing the United States Geological Survey, contains the following provisions;

� � The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geological and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geologicalnbsp;Survey shall accompany the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs andnbsp;reports of said Survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director, butnbsp;otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published for scientific exchangesnbsp;and for sale at the price of publication; and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchangenbsp;shall be the property of the United States and form a part of the libraz�y of the organization: And thenbsp;money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into the Treasury of the Unitednbsp;States.�

Except in those cases in which an extra number of any special memoir or report has been supplied to the Survey by special resolution of Congress or has been ordered by the Secretary of the Interior, this office has no copies for gratzzitous distribution.

I. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Clarence King. 1880. 8�. 79nbsp;pp. 1 map.�A preliminary report describing plan of organization and publications.

II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1880-�81, by J. W. Powell.

III. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Third Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1881-�82, by J. W. Powell.

IV. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fourth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1882- 83, by J. W. Powell.

V. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-�84, by J. W. Powell.

VI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-85, by J. W. Powell.nbsp;1885. 8�. xxix, 570 pp. 65 pi. and maps.

VII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1885-86, by J. W. Powell.

VIII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eighth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1886-87, by J. W. Powell.

1889. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�. 2 pt. xix, 474, xii pp., 53 pi. and maps; 1 prel. leaf, 475-1063 pp., 54-76 pi. and maps.

IX. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ninth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1887-�88, by J. W. Powell.

X. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, by J. W. Powell.

XI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eleventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1889-�90, by J. W. Powell.

1891. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8'^.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;2 pt. XV, 757 pp., 66 pi. and maps; ix, 351 pp., 30 pi. and maps.

XII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-�91, by J. W. Powell.nbsp;1891. 8�. 2 pt., xiii, 675 pp., 53 pi. and maps; xviii, 576 pp., 146 pi. and maps.

XIII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-�92, by J. W.nbsp;Powell. 1893. 8�. 3 pt. vii, 240 pp., 2 maps; x, 372 pp., 105 pi. and maps; xi, 486 pp., 77 pi. andnbsp;maps.

XIV. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-�93, by J. W.nbsp;Powell. 1893. 8�. 2 pt. vi, 321 pp., 1 pi.; xx, 597 pp., 74 pi. and maps.

XV. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fifteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1893-�94, by J. IV. Powell.nbsp;1895. 8�. xiv, 755 pp., 48 pi. and maps.

XVI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-�95, Charles D.nbsp;Walcott, Director. 1895. (Part I, 1896.) 8�. 4 pt. xxii, 910 pp., 117 pi. and maps; xix, 598 pp., 43nbsp;pi. and maps; xv, 646 pp., 23 pi.; xix, 735 pp., 6 pi.

XVII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895- 96, Charlesnbsp;D. Walcott, Director. 1896. 8�. 3 pt. in 4 vol. xxii, 1076 pp., 67 pi. and maps; xxv, 864 pp., 113 pi.nbsp;and maps; xxiii, 542 pp., 8 pi. and maps; iii, 543-1058 pp., 9-13 pi.

XVIII. Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-�97, Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1897. (Parts II and III, 1898.) 8�. 5 pt. in 6vol. 1-440 pp.,4 pi. and maps; i-v.

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XIX. Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-�98, Charles D.nbsp;Walcott, Director. 1898. 8�. 6 pt. in 7 vol.

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XVI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Paleozoic Fishes of North America, by John Strong Newberry. 1889. 4�. 340 ppnbsp;53 pi. Price $1.00.

XVII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Flora of the Dakota Group, a Posthumous Work, by Leo Lesquereux. Edited bynbsp;F. H. Knowlton. 1891. 4�. 400 pp. 66 pi. Price $1.10.

XVIII. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, by Robert P. Whitfield. 1891. 4�. 402 pp. 50 pi. Price $1.00.

XIX. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Penokee Iron-Bearing Series of Northern Wisconsin and Michigan, by Roland D.nbsp;Irving and C. R. Van Hise. 1892. 4�. xix, 534 pp. Price $1.70.

XX. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Geology of the Eureka District, Nev.ada, with an Atlas, by Arnold Hague. 1892. 4�. xvii,nbsp;419 pp. 8 pi. Price $5.25.

XXI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of the United States, by Samuel Hubbard Scud-der. 1893. 4�. xi, 206 pp. 12 pi. Price 90 cents.

XXII. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Manual of Topograiihic Methods, by Henry Gannett, Chief Topographer. 1893. 4�.nbsp;xiv, 300 pp. 18 pi. Price $1.00.

XXIII. Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts, by Raphael Pumpelly, T. Nelson Dale, and J. E. Wolff. 1894. 4�. xiv, 206 pp. 23 pi. Price $1.30.

XXIV. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mollusca and Crustacea of the Miocene Formations of New Jersey, by Robert Parr Whitfield. 1894. 4�. 193 pp. 24 pi. Price 90 cents.

XXV. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheGlacialLake Agassiz, by WarrenUpham. 1895. 4�. xxiv,658 pp. 38 pi. Price$1.70.

XXVI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Flora of the Amboy Clays, by John Strong Newberry; a P.isthumous Work, edited bynbsp;Arthur Hollick. 1895. 4�. 260 pp. 58 pi. Price $1.00.

XXVII. Geology of the Denver Basin in Colorado, by Samuel Franklin Emmons, Whitman Cross, and George Homans Eldridge. 1896. 4�. 556 pp. 31 pi. Price $1.50.

XXVIII. The Marquette Iron-Bearing District of Michigan, with Atlas, by C. E. Van Hise and W. S. Bayley, including a Chapter on the Republic Trough, by H. L. Smyth. 1895.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;608 pp. 35

XXIX. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Geology of Old Hampshire County, Massachusetts, comprising Franklin, Hampshire, andnbsp;Hampden Counties, by Benjamin Kendall Emerson. 1898 . 4�. xxi, 790 pp. 35 pi. Price $1.90.

XXX. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fossil Medusae,by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1898. 4�. ix, 201pp. 47 pi. Price $1.50.

XXXI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Geology of the Aspen Mining District, Colorado, with Atlas, by Josiah Edward Spurr.nbsp;1898. 4�. XXXV, 260 pp. 43 pi. and atlas of 30 sheets folio. Price $3.60.

XXXII. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, Part II, Descriptive Geology, Petrography, and Paleontology, by Arnold Hague, J. P. Iddiugs, W. Harvey Weed, Charles D. Walcott, G. H. Girty,nbsp;T. W. Stanton, and F. H. Knowlton. 1899. 4�. xvii, 893 pp. 121 pi. Price-.

XXXIH. Geology of the Narragansett Basin, by N. S. Shaler, J. B. Woodworth, and August F. Foerste. 1899. 4�. xx, 402 pp. 31 pi. Price-.

XXXIV. The Glacial Gravels of Maine and their Associated Deposits, by George H. Stone. 1899. 4�. xiii, 499 pp. 52 pi. Price-.

XXXV. The Later Extinct Floras of North America, hy John Strong Newberry; edited by Arthur Hollick. 1898. 4�. xviii, 295 pp. 68 pi. Price $1.25.

XXXVI. The Crystal Falls Iron-Bearing District of Michigan, by J. Morgan Clements and Henry Lloyd Smyth; with a Chapter on the Sturgeon River Tongue, by William Shirley Bayley, and an

introduction by Charles Richard Van Hise. 1899. 4�. xxxvi, 512 pp, 53 pi. Price-.

XXXVII. Fossil flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, by David White. 1899. 4�.

1. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On Hypersthene-Audesite and on Triclinic Pyroxene in Augitic Rooks, by Whitman Cross,

with a Geological Sketch of Buffalo Peaks, Colorado, by S. F. Emmons. 1883. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;42 pp. 2 pi.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gold and Silver Conversion Tables, giving the Coining Values of Troy Ounces of Fine Metal,

etc., computed by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8�. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8 pp. Price 5 cents.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian, along the Meridian of 76� 30', from Tomjikinsnbsp;County, N. Y., to Bradford County, Pa., by Henry S. Williams. 1884. 8�. 36 pp. Price 5 cents.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On Mesozoic Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1884. 8�. 36 pp. 9 pi. Price 5 cents.

5. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States, compiled by Henry Gannett. 1884.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;325

6. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Elevations in the Dominion of Canada, by J. W. Spencer. 1884. 8�. 43 pp. Price 5 cents.

7. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mapoteca Geologica Americana. A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America (North andnbsp;South), 1752-1881, in Geographic and Chronologic Order, by Jules Marcou and John Belknap Marcou.

8. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks, by R. D. Irving and

9. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Report of Work done in the Washington Laboratory during the Fiscal Y'ear 1883-84. F. W.

Clarke, Chief Chemist; T. M. Chatard, Assistant Chemist. 1884. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;40 pp. Price 5 cents.

10. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Cambrian Faunas of North America. Preliminary Studies, by Charles Doolittlenbsp;Walcott. 1884. 8�. 74 pp. 10 pi. Price 5 cents.

11. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin; with Description of New

Forms, by R. Ellsworth Call. Introduced by a Sketch of the Quaternary Lakes of the Great Basin, by G. K. Gilbert. 1884.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;66 pp. 6 pi. Price 5 cents.

12. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Crystallographic Study of the Thiuolite of Lake Lahontan, by Edward S. Dana. 1884. 8�.nbsp;34 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

13. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Boundaries of the United States and of the Several States and Territories, with a Historicalnbsp;Sketch of the Territorial Changes, by Henry Gannett. 1885. 8�. 135 pp. Price 10 cents.

14. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Electrical and Magnetic Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barns and Vincentnbsp;Strouhal. 1885. 8�. 238 iip. Price 15 cents.

15. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology of California, by Charles A. White. 1885.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.

16. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Higher Devonian Faunas of Ontario County, New York, by John M. Clarke. 1885.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.

17. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks of Washoe, Nevada, with Notesnbsp;on the Geology of the District, by Arnold Hague and Joseph P. Iddiugs. 1885. 8�. 44 pp. Price 5nbsp;cents.

18. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On Marine Eocene, Fresh-Water Miocene, and other Fossil Mollusca of Western Northnbsp;America, by Charles A. White. 1885. 8�. 26 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

19. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Notes on the Stratigraphy of Califoniia, by George F. Becker. 1885. 8�. 28pp. Price5 cents.

20. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Rocky Mountains, by Whitman Cross and W. F. Hille-brand. 1885. 8�. 114 pp. 1 pi. Price 10 cents.

21. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Lignites of the Great Sioux Reservation; a Report on the Region between the Grandnbsp;and Moreau Rivers, Dakota, by Bailey Willis. 1885. 8�. 16 pp. 5 pi. Price 5 cents.

22. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On New Cretaceous Fossils from California, by Charles A. White. 1885. 8�. 25 pp. 5 pi.nbsp;Price 5 cents.

23. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Observations on the Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series on

Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior, by R. D. Irving and T. C. Chamberlin. 1885. 8�. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;124 pp. 17 j)!.

24. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;List of Marine Mollusca, comprising the Quaternary Fossils and Recent Forms from Americannbsp;Localities between Cape Hatteras and Cape Roque, including the Bermudas, by William Healey Dali.

25. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Present Technical Condition of the Steel Industry of the United States, by Phiueasnbsp;Barnes. 1885. 8�. 85 pji. Price 10 cents.

26. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Copper Smelting, by Henry M. Howe. 1885. 8�. 107 pp. Price 10 cents.

27. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the Fiscal Yearnbsp;1884-�85. 1886. 8�. 80 pp. Price 10 cents.

28. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Gabbros and Associated Hornblende Rocks occurring in the Neighborhood of Baltimore,nbsp;Maryland, by George Huntington Williams. 1886. 8�. 78 pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

ADVERTISEMENT.

29. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the North American Jurassic, by Charles A. White. 1886.

30. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Second Contribution to the Studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America, by Charlesnbsp;Doolittle Walcott. 1886. 8^. 369 pp. 33 pi. Price 25 cents.

31. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Systematic Review of our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects, including Myriapods andnbsp;Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1886. 8�. 128 pp. Price 15 cents.

32. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the. United States; a Preliminary Study, bynbsp;Albert C. Peale. 1886. 8�. 235 pp. Price 20 cents.

33. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Notes on the Geology of Northern California, by J. S. Diller. 1886. 8�. 23 pp. Price 5 cents.

34. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Relation of the Laramie Molluscan Fauna to that of the Succeeding Fresh-W ater Eocenenbsp;and Other Groups, by Charles A. White. 1886. 8�. 54 pp. 5 pi. Price 10 cents.

35. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physical Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Earns and Vincent Strouhal. 1886. 8' .nbsp;62 pp. Price 10 cents.

36. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;SubsidenceofFineSolidParticlesinLiquids,byCarlBarus. 1886. 8�. 58pp. PricelOceuts.

37. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Types of the Laramie Flora, by Lester F. Ward. 1887. 8�. 354 pp. 57 pi. Price 25 cents.

38. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PeridotiteofElliottCounty,Kentucky,byJ. S. Diller. 1887. 8quot;^. 31pp. Ipl. PriceScents.

39. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1887. 8�.nbsp;84 pp. 1 pi. Price 10 cents.

40. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Changes in River Courses in Washington Territory due to Glaciation, by Bailey Willis. 1887.

41. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian�the Genesee Section, New York, by Henry S.nbsp;Williams. 1887. 8�. 121 pp. 4 pi. Price 15 cents.

42. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the Fiscal Yearnbsp;1885-�86. F. W. Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1887. S^. 152 pp. 1 pi. Price 15 cents.

43. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tertiary and Cretaceous Strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama Rivers, by Eugenenbsp;A. Smith and Lawrence C. Johnson. 1887. 8�. 189 pp. 21 pi. Price 15 cents.

44. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bibliography of North American Geology for 1886, by Nelson H. Darton. 1887. 8�. 35 pp.nbsp;^Pnc0 5 cciits

45. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas, by Robert T. Hill. 1887.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.

46. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nature and Origin of Deposits of Phosphate of Lime, by R. A. P. Penrose, jr., with an Introduction by N. S. Shaler. 1888. 8�. 143 pp. Price 15 cents.

47. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Analyses of Waters of the Yellowstone National Park, with an Account of the Methods of

Analysis employed, by Frank Austin Gooch and James Edward Whitfield. 1888. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�. 84 pp. Price

48. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Form and Position of the Sea Level, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1888. 8�. 88nbsp;pp. Price 10 cents.

49. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri, Kansas, and New Mexico, by Robertnbsp;Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8�. 133 pp. Price 15 cents.

50. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Formulas and Tables to Facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Robert Simpson

51. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. 1889. 8�. 102nbsp;pp. 14 pi. Price 15 cents.

52. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Subaerial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israelnbsp;Cook Russell. 1889. 8�. 65 pp. 5 pi. Price 10 cents.

53. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Geology of Nantucket, by Nathaniel Southgate Shaler. 1889. 8�. 55 pp. 10 pi. Pricenbsp;10 cents.

54. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the Thermo-Electric Measurement of High Temperatures, by Carl Barns. 1889. 8�.nbsp;313 pp., inch 1 pi. 11 pi. Price 25 cents.

55. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the Fiscalnbsp;Year 1886-�87. Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1889. 8�. 96 pp. Price 10 cents.

56. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potomac Formation, by Frank Hall Kuowlton. 1889. 8*^.nbsp;72 pp. 7 pi. Price 10 cents.

57. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geological Reconuoissance in Southwestern Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1890.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;49 pp.

58. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Glacial Boundary in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, bynbsp;George Frederick Wright, with an Introduction by Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. 1890. 8�. 112nbsp;pp., inch 1 pi. 8 pi. Price 15 cents.

59. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Gabbros and Associated Rooks in Delaware, by Frederick D. Cheater. 1890. 8�. 45nbsp;pp. 1 ph Price 10 cents.

60. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physios, mainly during the Fiscalnbsp;Year 1887-�88. F. W. Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1890. 8�. 174 pp. Price 15 cents.

61. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Pacific Coast, by William Harlow Melville and Wal-demar Lindgren. 1890. 8�. 40 pp. 3 ph PriceScents.-

62. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Greenstone Schist Areas of the Menominee and Marquette Regions of Michigan, a Contribution to the Subject of Dynamic Metamorphism in Eruptive Rocks, by George Huntington Williams,nbsp;with an Introduction by Roland Duer Irving. 1890. 8�. 241 pp. 16 ph Price 30 cents.

63. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Bibliography of Paleozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889, including a List of North American Species and a Systematic Arrangement of Genera, by Anthony W. Vogdes. 1890. 8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;177 pp.

64. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the Fiscalnbsp;Year 1888-89. F. W. Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1890. 8�. 60 pp. Price 10 cents.

65. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Field of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, bynbsp;Israel C. White. 1891. 8�. 212 pp. 11 pi. Price 20 cents.

66. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On a Group of Volcanic Rocks from the Tewan Mountains, New Mexico, and on the Occurrence of Primary Quartz in Certain Basalts, by Joseph Paxson Iddings. 1890. 8�. 34 pp. Price 5nbsp;cents.

67. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Relations of the Traps of the Newark System in the New Jersey Region, by Nelsonnbsp;Horatio Darton. 1890. 8�. 82 pp. Price 10 cents.

68. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes in California in 1889, by James Edward Keeler. 1890. 8^. 25 pp. Price 5

69. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Classed and Annotated Biography of Fossil Insects, by Samuel Howard Scudder. 1890.nbsp;8�. 101 pp. Price 15 cents.

70. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Report on Astronomical Work of 1889 and 1890, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1890. 8�.nbsp;79 pp. Price 10 cents.

71. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Index to the Known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids, bynbsp;Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1891. 8�. 744 pp. Price 50 cents.

72. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Upham. 1891. 8�.nbsp;229 pp. Price 20 cents.

73. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Viscosity of Solids, by Carl Barns. 1891. 8�. xii, 139 pp. 6 pi. Price 15 cents.

74. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Minerals of North Carolina, by Frederick Augustus Genth. 1891. 8�. 119 pp. Pricenbsp;15 cents.

75. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Record of North American Geology for 1887 to 1889, inclusive, by Nelson Horatio Darton.nbsp;1891. 8�. 173 pj). Price 15 cents.

76. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (Second Edition), compiled by Henry Gannett,nbsp;Chief Topographer. 1891. 8�. 393 pp. Price 25 cents.

77. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic Types of Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8�. 51nbsp;pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

78. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the Fiscalnbsp;Year 1889-�90. F. W. Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1891. 8�. 131 pp. Price 15 cents.

79. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Late Volcanic Eruption in Northern California and its Peculiar Lava, by J. S. Diller.

80. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Correlation Papers�Devonian and Carboniferous, by Henry Shaler Williams. 1891. 8�.nbsp;279 pp. Price 20 cents

81. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Correlation Papers�Cambrian, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1891. 8�. 547 pp. 3 pi.nbsp;Price 25 cents.

82. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Coi�relation Papers�Cretaceous, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8�. 273 pp. 3 pi. Price 20

83. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Correlation Papers�Eocene, by William Birllock Clark. 1891. 8�. 173 pp. 2 pi. Pricenbsp;15 cents.

84. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Correlation Papers�Neocene, by W. H. Dali and G. D. Harris., 1892. 8�. 349 pp. 3 pi.nbsp;Price 25 cents.

85. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Correlation Papers�The Newark System, by Israel Cook Russell. 1892. 8�. 344 pp. 13 pi.nbsp;Price 25 cents.

86. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Correlation Papers�Archean and Algonkian, by C. R. Van Hise. 1892. 8�. 549 pp. 12 pi.nbsp;Price 25 cents.

87. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Synopsis of American Fossil. Brachiopoda, including Bibliography and Synonymy, bynbsp;Charles Schuchert. 1897. 8�. 464 pp. Price 30 cents.

88. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Cretaceous Foraminifera of New Jersey, by Rufus Mather Bagg, Jr. 1898. 8�. 89 pp.nbsp;6 pi. Price 10 cents.

89. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some Lava Plows of the Western Slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, by F. Leslienbsp;Ransome. 1898. 8�. 74 pp. 11 pi. Price 15 cents.

90. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Report of Work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the Fiscalnbsp;Year 1890-91. F. W. Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1892. 8�. 77 pp. Price 10 cents.

91. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Record of North American Geology for 1890, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8�. 88 pp.nbsp;Price 10 cents.

92. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Barns. 1892. 8�. 96 pp. 29 pi. Price 10 cents.

93. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some Insects of Special Interest from Florissant, Colorado, and Other Points in the Tertiariesnbsp;of Colorado and Utah, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1892. 8�. 35 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

94. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barns. 1892. 8�. 138 pp. Price 15 cents.

95. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes in California in 1890 and 1891, by Edward Singleton Holden. 1892. 8�. 31pp.nbsp;Price 5 cents.

96. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Volume Thermodynamics of Liquids, by Carl Barns. 1892. 8^^. 100pp. Price 10 cents.

97. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mesozoic Echinodermata of the United States, by W. B. Clark. 1893. 8�. 207 pp. 50pl.nbsp;Price 20 cents.

98. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Flora of the Outlying Carboniferous Basins of Southwestern Missouri, by David White.nbsp;1893. 8^^. 139 pp. 5 pi. Price 15 cents.

99. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Record of North American Geology for 1891, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1892. 8�. 73 pp.nbsp;Price 10 cents.

100. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bibliography and Index of the Publications of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1879-1892, bynbsp;Philip Creveling Warman. 1893. 8�. 495 pp. Price 25 cents.

101. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Insect Fauna of the Rhode Island Coal Field,,by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1893. 8�.nbsp;27 pp. 2 pi. Price 5 cents.

102. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Catalogue and Bibliography of North American Mesozoic Invertebrata, by Corneliusnbsp;Breckinridge Boyle. 1892. 8�. 315 pp. Price 25 cents.

103. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;High Temperature Work iu Igneous Fusion aud Ebullition, chiefly in Relation to Pressure,nbsp;by Carl Barus. 1893. 8�. 57 pp. 9 pi. Price 10 cents.

104. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Glaciation of the Yellowstone Valley north of the Park, by Walter Harvey Weed. 1893. 8�.nbsp;41 pp. 4 pi. Price 6 cents.

105. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Laramie and the Overlying Livingstone Formation in Montana, by Walter Harveynbsp;Weed, with Report on Flora, by Frank Hall Knowlton. 1893. 8�. 68 pp. 6 pi. Price 10 cents.

106. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Colorado Formation and its Invertebrate Fauna, by T. W. Stanton. 1893. 8�. 288nbsp;pp. 45 pi. Price 20 cents.

107. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Trap Dikes of the Lake Champlain Region, by .James Furman Kemp and Vernonnbsp;Freeman Marsters. 1893. 8�. 62 pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

108. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geological Reconnoissance iu Central Washington, by Israel Cook Russell. 1893.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8^^.

109. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Eruptive and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, aud their Contact Phenomena, by William Shirlej- Bayley. 1893. 8�. 121 pp. 16 pi. Price 15 cents.

110. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Paleozoic Section in the Vicinity of Three Forks, Montana, by Albert Charles Peale.nbsp;893. 8�. 56 pp. 6 pi. Price 10 cents.

111. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Geology of the Big Stone Gap Coal Fields of Virginia aud Kentucky, by Marius R. Cami)-bell. 1893. 8�. 106 pp. 6 pi. Price 15 cents.

112. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes in California in 1892, by Charles D. Perrine. 1893. 8�. 57 pp. Price 10 cents.

113. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Report of Work done iu the Division of Chemistry during the Fiscal Years 1891-''92 audnbsp;1892-�93. F. W. Clarke, Chief Chemist. 1893. 8�. 115 pp. Price 15 cents.

114. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes in California in 1893, by Charles D. Perrine. 1894. 8*^. 23 pp. Price 5 cents.

115. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geographic Dictionary of Rhode Island, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8�^. 31 pp. Pricenbsp;5 cents.

116. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geographic Dictionary of Massachusetts, by Henry Gannett. 1894.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;126 pp. Price

117. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geographic Dictionary of Connecticut, by Henry Gannett. 1894.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;67 pp. Price 10

118. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geographic Dictionary of New Jersey, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;131 jrp. Price 15

119. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Geological Reconnoissance iu Northwest Wyoming, by George Homans Eldridge. 1894.

120. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Devonian System of Eastern Pennyslvania and New York, by Charles S. Prosser. 1894. 'nbsp;8�. 81 pp. 2 pi. Price 10 cents.

121. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Bibliography of North American Paleontology, by Charles Rollin Keyes. 1894. 8�. 251nbsp;pj). Price 20 cents.

122. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Results of Primary Triangulation, by Henry Gannett. 1894.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8^.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;412 pp. 17 pi. Price

123. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Dictionary of Geographic Positions, by Henry Gannett. 1895. 8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;183 pp. 1 pi. Price

124. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Revision of North American Fossil Cockroaches, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1895.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.

125. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Constitution of the Silicates, by Frank Wigglesworth Clarke. 1895.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;109 pp.

126. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Mineralogical Lexicon of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties, Massachusetts,nbsp;by Benjamin Kendall Emerson. 1895. 8�. 180 pp. 1 pi. Price 15 cents.

127. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Catalogue and Index of Contributions to North American Geology, 1732-1891, by Nelsonnbsp;Horatio Darton. 1896. 8*^. 1045 pp. Price 60 cents.

128. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Bear River Formation and its Characteristic Fauna, by Charles A. White. 1895. 8�.nbsp;108 pp. 11 pi. Price 15 cents.

129. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes in California in 1894, by Charles D. Perrine. 1895. 8�. 25 pp. Price 5 cents.

130. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, aud Mineralogy for 1892 and 1893, by Fred Boughtou Weeks. 1896. 8�. 210 pii. Price 20 cents.

131. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Report of Progress of the Division of Hydrography for the Calendar Years 1893 aud 1894,nbsp;by Frederick Haynes Newell, Topographer iu Charge. 1895. 8*^. 126 pp. Price 15 cents.

132. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Disseminated Lead Ores of Southeastern Missouri, by Arthur Winslow. 1896. 8�.nbsp;31 pp. Price 5 cents.

133. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Contributions to the Cretaceous Paleontology of the Pacific Coast; The Fauna of thenbsp;Knoxville Beds, by T. W. Stanton. 1895. 8�. 132 pp. 20 pi. Price 15 cents.

134. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Cambrian Rocks of Pennsylvania, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1896. 8�. 43 pp.nbsp;15 pi. Price 5 cents.

135. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, aud Mineralogy for the Year 1894, by F. B. Weeks. 1896. 8�. 141 pp. Price 15 cents.

136. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Volcanic Rocks of South Mountain, Pennsylvania, by Florence Bascom. 1896. 8^^. 124 pp.nbsp;28 pi. Price 15 cents.

137. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Geology of the Fort Riley Military Reservation aud Vicinity, Kansas, by Robert Hay.nbsp;1896. 8�. 35 pp. 8 pi. Price 5 cents.

138. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Artesian-Well Prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Region, by N. H. Darton. 1896.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�

139. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Geology of the Castle Mountain Mining District, Montana, by W. H. Weed and L. V. Pirs-son. 1896. 8�. 164 pii. 17 pi. Price 15 cents.

140. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Report of Progress of the Division of Hydrography for the Calendar Year 1895, by Frederick

Haynes Newell, Hydrographer in Charge. 1896. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3.56 pi). Price 25 cents.

ADVERTISEMENT.

141. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Eocene Deposits of the Middle Atlantic Slope in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia,nbsp;by William Bullock Clark. 1896. 8�. 167 pp. 40 pi. Price 15 cents.

142. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Brief Contribution to the Geology and Paleontology of Northwestern Louisiana, bynbsp;T. Wayland Vaughan. 1896. 8�. 65 pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

143. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Bibliography of Clays and the Ceramic Arts, by John C. Branner. 1896. 8�. 114 pp.nbsp;Price 15 cents.

144. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Moraines of the Missouri Coteau and their Attendant Deposits, by James Edward Todd.nbsp;1896. 8�. 71 pp. 21 pi. Price 10 cents.

145. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Potomac Formation in Virginia, by W. M. Fontaine. 1896. 8�. 149 pp. 2 pi. Pricenbsp;15 cents.

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148. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Analyses of Rocks, with a Chajiter on Analytical Methods, Laboratory of the United States

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149. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Mineralogy for the Year 1896, by Fred Boughton Weeks. 1897. 8�. 152 pp. Price 15 cents.

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151. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Lower Cretaceous Grypha?as of the Texas Region, by R. T. Hill and T. Wayland

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154. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Gazetteer of Kansas, by Henry Gannett. 1898. 8�. 246 pp. 6 pi. Price 20 cents.

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156. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Mineralogy for the Year 1897, by Fred Boughton Weeks. 1898. 8�. 130 pp. Price 15 cents.

160. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (Third Edition), compiled by Henrynbsp;Gannett. 1899. 8�. 775 pp. Price 40 cents.

161. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Earthquakes iu California in 1898, by Charles D. Perrine, Assistant Astronomer in Charge

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157. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Gneisses, Gabbro-Schists, and Associated Rocks of Southeastern Minnesota, bv C. W.

158. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Moraines of southeastern South Dakota and their Attendant Deposits, by J. E. Todd.

159. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Geology of Eastern Berkshire County, Massachusetts, by B. K. Emerson.

�Provided, That hereafter the reports of the Geological Survey iu relation to the gauging of -streams and to the methods of utilizing the water resources may be prinquot; ed in octavo form, not to exceed one hundred pages in length and five thousand copies iu number; one thousand copies of wliichnbsp;shall be for the official use of the Geological Survey, one thousand five hundred copies shall be delivered to the Senate, and two thousand five hundred copies shall be delivered to the House of Representatives, for distribution.�

1. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pumping Water for Irrigation, by Herbert M. IVilson.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1896.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;57 pp.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;9 pi.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irrigation near Phoenix, Arizona, by Arthur P. Davis.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1897.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;97 pp.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;31 pi.

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8. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Windmills for Irrigation, by Edward Charles Murphy.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1897.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;49 pp.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8 pi.

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12. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Water Resources of Southeastern Nebraska, by Nelson H. Darton. 1898.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�. 55 pp. 21 pi.

13. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irrigation Systems in Texas, by William Ferguson Hutson. 1898.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;67 pp. 10 pi.

14. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;New Tests of Certain Pumps and Water-Lifts used in Irrigation, by Ozni P. Hood. 1889. 8�nbsp;91 pp. 1 pi.

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16. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Operations at River Stations, 1897, Part II. 1898. 8�. 101-200 pp.

17. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irrigation near Bakersfield, California, by C. E. Grunsky. 1898.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8^.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;96 pp. 16 pi.

18. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irrigation near Fresno, California, by C. E. Grunsky. 1898. 8�. 94 pp. 14 pi.

19. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irrigation near Merced, California, by C. E. Grunsky. 1899. 8�. 59 pp. 11 pi.

20. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Experiments with Windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 8�. 97 pp. 12 pi.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

21. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Wells of Northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 8�. 82 pp. 2 pi.

22. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sewage Irrigation, Part II, by George W. Rafter. 1899. 8�. 100 pp. 7 pi.

23. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Water-Right Problems of Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead. 1899. 8�. 62 pp. 7 pi.

24. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Water Resources of the State of New York, Part I, by George W. Rafter. 1899. 8�.nbsp;99 pp. 13 pi.

25. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Water Resources of the State of New York, Part II, by George W. Rafter. 1899.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.

26. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Wells of Southern Indiana (Continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 8^.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;64 pp.

27. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Operations at River Stations, 1898, Part I. 1899. 8�. 100 pp.

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30. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Water Resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by Alfred C. Lane.

When, in 1882, the Geological Survey was directed by law to make a geologic map of the United States there was in existence no Suitable topographic map to serve as a base for the geologic map.nbsp;The i^reparation of such a topographic map was therefore immediately begun. About one-fifth of thenbsp;area of the country, excluding Alaska, has now been thus mapped. The map is published in atlasnbsp;sheets, each sheet representing a small quadrangular district, as explained under the next heading. The separate sheets are sold at 5 cents each when fewer than 100 copies are purchased, but whennbsp;they are ordered in lots of 100 or more copies, whether of the same sheet or of different sheets, thenbsp;price is 2 cents each. The mapped areas are widely scattered, nearly every State being represented.nbsp;About 900 sheets have been engraved and printed; they are tabulated by States in the Survey�snbsp;�List of Publications,� a pamphlet which may be had on application.

The map sheets represent a great variety of topographic features, and with the aid of descriptive text they can be used to illustrate topographic forms. This has led to the projection of an educationalnbsp;series of topographic folios, for use wherever geography is taught in high schools, academies, andnbsp;colleges. Of this series the first folio has been issued, viz:

1. Physiographic types, by Henry Gannett, 1898, folio, consisting of the following sheets and 4 pages of descriptive text: P�argo (N. Dak.-Minn.), a region in youth; Charleston (W.Va.), a region innbsp;maturity; Caldwell (Kans.), aregion in old age; Palmyra (Va.), a rejuvenated region; Mount Shasta,nbsp;(Cal.), a young volcanic mountain; Eagle (Wis.), moraines; Sun Prairie (Wis.), drumlins; Donald-sonville (La.),river flood plains; Boothbay (Me.), a fiord coast; Atlantic City (N. J.), a barrier-beachnbsp;coast.

The Geologic Atlas of the United States is the final form of publication of the topographic and geologic maps. The atlas is issued in parts, progressively as the surveys are extended, and is designednbsp;ultimately to cover the entire country.

Under the plan adopted the entire area of the country is divided into small rectangular districts (designated quadrangles), bounded by certain meridians and parallels. The unit of survey is also thenbsp;unit of publication, and the maps and descriptions of each rectangular district are issued as a folio ofnbsp;the Geologic Atlas.

Each folio contains topographic, geologic, economic, and structural maps, together with textual descriptions and explanations, and is designated by the name of a principal town or of a prominentnbsp;natural feature within the district.

Two forms of issue have been adopted, a �library edition� and a �field edition.� In both the sheets are bound between heavy paper covers, but the library copies are xgt;ermanently bound, whilenbsp;the sheets and covers of the field copies are only temporarily wired together.

Under the law a copy of each folio is sent to certain public libraries and educational institutions. The remainder are sold at 25 cents each, except such as contain an unusual amount of matter, which are priced accordingly. Prejiayment is obligatory. The folios ready for distribution are listednbsp;below.

.Virginia /Virginianbsp;(West Virginia.

California......

/Tennessee.....

\North Carolina

California......

{Alabama.......

Georgia........

Tennessee.....

/Maryland......

\Virgiuia.......

MontJina.......

Tennessee.....

�/Virginia......

XWest Virginia

Tennessee......i

(Virginia........]

lt; Maryland.......!gt;

inia.. j

California......

/�Virginia........

\West Virginia..

Tennessee----: -

West Virginia ..

Alabama........

Colorado........

California.......

Montana........

California.......

Tennessee......

California......

Texas..........

California......

/�Virginia........

/West Virginia..

Idaho...........

Kentucky......

Colorado........

Oregon.........

/Massachusetts . (Connecticut____

Mineral Resources of the United States [1882], by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8�. xvii, 813 pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 8�. xiv, 1016 pp. Price 60 cents.

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1892, hy David T. Day. 1893 . 8�. vii, 850 pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1893, hy David T. Day. 1894. 8�. viii, 810 pp. Price 50 cents.

�Provided, That hereafter the report of the mineral resources of the United States shall be issued as a part of the report of the Director of the Geological Survey.�

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1894, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1895. 8�. xv, 646 pp., 23 pi.; xix, 735 pp., 6 pi. Being Parts III and IV of the Sixteenth Annual Report.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1895, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1896. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;8�.

xxiii, 542 pp., 8 pi. and maps; iii, 543-1058 pp., 9-13 pi. Being Part III (in 2 vols.) of the Seventeenth Annual Report.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1896, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1897. 8�. xii, 642 pp., 1 pi.; 643-1400 pp. Being Part V (in 2 vols.) of the Nineteenth Annual Report.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1897, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1898. 8�. viii, 651 pp., 11 pi.; viii, 706 pp. Being Part VI (in 2 vols.) of the Nineteenth Annual Report.

The money received from the sale of the Survey publications is deposited in the Treasury, and the Secretary of that Department declines to receive bank checks, drafts, or postage stamps; all remittances, therefore, must be by money order, made payable to the Director of the United Statesnbsp;Geological Survey, or in currency�the exact amount. Correspondence relating to the publicationsnbsp;of the Survey should be addressed to

[Take this leaf out and paste the separated titles upon three of your catalogue cards. The first and second titles need no addition; orer the third write that subject under which you would place the book in your library.]

[United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.) Monograph XXXVIT.]

[United States. Department of the interior. {XT. S. geological survey.) Monograph XXXVII.]

Our specimens differ from that figured in the quot;Versteinerungenquot; by the narrower divisions, the nerves originating at a much wider angle, straightnbsp;or nearly so instead of curving, not forking below the middle, and forkingnbsp;once or twice at a very wide angle into short, straight divisions.

In the comparatively very few specimens from Missouri in which the pinnules have elongated to a length of 1 cm or more the lamina is still but little dissected, and the pinnules which may be considered as pinnatifid,nbsp;are constricted but slightly at the base. Were this pinnatifid stagenbsp;common in the development of the species, we should see many such fragmentsnbsp;in the collections mingled with the attending segments of various degreesnbsp;of maturity, including portions of rachises, 1 cm or more in width, provided on both sides with alternating pinnae of the usual form. The relationnbsp;of the small fragments of a young compo-und pinna to this species is shownnbsp;by both the mervation and the peculiar angular dentition.

The fertile pinnae, which seem to have been borne directly on the primary pinnae, do not differ in general form and arrangement from the sterilenbsp;pinnae. The sporangia, which are oblong or oval, .75 to 1.25 long,

.4 to .6 mm wide, rounded at one end and rather obtuse at the other, are borne, in groups apparently, on the lower surface of the slightly reducednbsp;pinnules, which are so crushed in the shale as to make them seem entirelynbsp;covered by the flattened sporangia. In a few cases it may be seen that thenbsp;sporangia are attached by the ends in round groups, perhaps of 5 lo 7 sporangia each, the members of which are sometimes spread apart at the top.

White, D., 1899� Fossil Flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, �nited States Geological Survey, Washington, 467 PP-

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Frond very large, long, tri- or quedripinnate; priinary(?) pinnae very long, linear-lanceolate, contracted toward the base, the sides nearlynbsp;parallel in the middle, acute or acuminate at the apex; rachis broad,nbsp;rigid, straight, dull, finely but irregularly lineate; pinnae of thenbsp;next order alternate, at a right angle to the rachis below, becomingnbsp;somewhat oblique above, the higher ones often curving somewhat upward,nbsp;close, generally slightly overlapping, especially in the lower partnbsp;of the frond, oblong-linear or linear-lanceolate, contracted a littlenbsp;at the base, the sides slightly convex in the middly portion, and somewhat abruptly converging near the point to form am acute or acuminatenbsp;apex, the rachis being broad and rigid; ultimate pinnae altermate, verynbsp;open, the middle and lower ones at a right angle to the rachis or slightlynbsp;reflexed, the upper ones frequently nearly at a right angle or butnbsp;slightly oblique, somewhat irregular, seldom parallel, with a tendencynbsp;to curve slightly upward, often a little distant, but usually close, andnbsp;sometimes touching or slightly overlapping, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel below and in the middle, rapidlynbsp;converging near the top to. an obtuse apex, which consists of an ovatenbsp;terminal pinnule; ultimate pinnae succeeded mear the apex of the superiornbsp;pinnae by diminishing pinnatifid and simple pinnules; pinnules alternate,nbsp;open, generally at or nearly at a right angle to the rachis, hardly decurrent except near the apex or in the youngest pinnae, irregular, slightlynbsp;unequal, seldom parallel, sometimes slightly upward curved, a littlenbsp;distant, elode, or sometimes touching, oval or ovate, and cut to nearnbsp;the rachis by a slightle decurrent sinus when small, becoming oblong,nbsp;or linear, the sides parallel, usually uneven, the apex round, separatednbsp;to the rachis or even slightly constricted at the base by the decurrentnbsp;sinus before becoming pinnatifid; lowest pinnules of the pinna slightlynbsp;reduced, the uppermost pinnules partially united with the ovate terminalnbsp;pinnule; lamina dull, generally opaque or minutely rugose, often rathernbsp;broadly canaliculate over the midrib, arching upward between the midribnbsp;and the margin, where it is often flattened to form a narrow shallownbsp;gutter; nervation not very distinct; midrib rather strong, sometimesnbsp;slightly decurrent at the base, faintly lineate, depressed to near thenbsp;apex in the well-preserved fragments; lateral nerves originating at anbsp;moderate angle, forking at a wide angle near the midrib, the lower branchnbsp;curving to the margin, the upper branch arching strongly near the midribnbsp;and forking again, the nervils passing out nearly at a right angle to the

border, the middle nervil forking again as the pinnule approaches the crenulate stage, those in the lobes of the pinnatifid pinnules being rathernbsp;close, curving strongly outward, and forking again as the lobes become morenbsp;deeply dissected; fertile pinnae of the same form as the sterile pinnae,nbsp;a little more distant or slightly reduced; sori in a row, situated withinnbsp;the border of the pinnule or lobe, often appearing as rather large, noncontiguous, roundish, pustular elevations of the lamina on the upper surface of the pinnule, or, when mature and crushed, seeming to cover thenbsp;lower surface; sporangia oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or rounded an thenbsp;base, tapering above to an acute point, opening by a ventral cleft, andnbsp;attached apparently by or near the base in groups of four or more.

White, D., 1899- Fossil Flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. United States Geologtcal Survey, Washington, 467 PP*

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.oaxi .tie: o nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;� vd '^nlae'-'o jurthofr �trjns na ct svoda anxaeai-r ,s8r;d

.'.�a.ru ao a;a;'i 'bc r-crtroia* n'. eaad �'�1 quot;xae quot; rv; yI nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;r.r fi .r'oncrja

Fronds tripinnate, quadripinnatifid or quadripinnare near the base, very long, spreading; main racMs reaching a width of 45 ov more,nbsp;both it and its divisions rather coarsely striate, and thinly set,nbsp;especially on the dorsal surface, with very distinct short spines ornbsp;spinous scales; primary pinnae very long, open, linear-lanceolate,nbsp;somewhat contracted at the base; secondary pinnae open, alternate,nbsp;subopposite or opposite, oblique above, somewhat reflexed below,nbsp;simple except near the base of the largest primary pinnae, straightnbsp;or slightly flexuous, sometimes slightly decurrent, 5-6 cm distant onnbsp;the same side, more or less overlapping, linear-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, averaging about 2 cm in length and 4.5�9 cmnbsp;in width where simply pinnate, sometimes slightly contracted at thenbsp;base and tapering to a rather oblong-lanceolate obtusely acute terminalnbsp;pinnole; secondary rachis, like the midribs of the pinnules, distinctlynbsp;finely striate; pinnules normally open, nearly at right angles to thenbsp;rachis, more or less distant, rarely touching, linear-lanceolate,nbsp;generally broadest in the middle, obtusely acute at the apex, decurrentnbsp;along the rachis with an acute sinus, and always distinctly united by anbsp;decurrent lamina of considerable width, the surface of the pinnule somewhatnbsp;convex, the borders frequently folded beneath; midrib large, usuallynbsp;slightly decurrent, often straight, deeply depressed, finely striate, andnbsp;passin mearly to the extreme apex; nervils quite coarse, salient, sometimesnbsp;distinctly striate under the lens, springing at a generally wide anglenbsp;from a line in the cinter of the groove on the dorsal surface of thenbsp;pinnule andcurving rapidly, often passing nearly straight from the midribnbsp;and extending, almost derectly parallel and rather close, to the border,nbsp;which they meet at a right angle, forking again, though often remainingnbsp;simple, and numbering 28 to 42 per centimeter at the margin.

White,D., 1899. Fossil Flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. United States Geological Survey, Washington, 46? pp.

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Name of sheet.	State.	Limiting meridians.	Limiting parallels.	.Area, in squarenbsp;miles.	Price, in cents.
		1100-111�	45�-46�	3,354	25
	/Georgia.........	j nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;85�-850 30'	34� 30'-35�	980	25
		120� 30'-121�	38� 30'-39o	932	25
		84� 30'-85�	35� 30'-36o	969	25
		1210-121� 30'	38� 30'-39�	932	25
		85�-85� 30'	35�-35� 30'	975	25
		105�-105� 30'	38� 30'-39�	932	25
		85� 30'-86�	35�-35� 30'	975	25
Anthracite-Crested Butte ...t.	Colorado........ [Virginia........	106� 45'-107� 15' )	38� 45'-39�	465	50
Harpers Ferry.................	lt;\Vest Virginia.. [Maryland.......	1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;77� 30'-78o	39�-39� 30'	925	25

01�6:OIgt;Z SI0.6

MONOGRAPHS or THE

United States Geological Survey

VOLUME XXXVII

?-lt;

cO^