UNIVERSITEITSBIBLIOTHEEK UTRECHT

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MEMOIRS

or THE

GEOLOGICAL SURYEY OF INDIA.

BEING

FirURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OE THE ORGANIC REMAINS PROCURED DURING ^nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' THE PROGRESS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.

PUBLISHED BY OKDEK OF HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA IN COUNCIL.

(Ser. XIL)

THE FOSSIL FLORA OF THE GONDW^ANA SYSTEM

Voi. HI.

(LOWER (ÏONDWAKAS.)

By OTTOKAR EEISTMANTEL, M.D.,

Palseontologist, Geological Survey of India.

quot;3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. r Acn®-.-^

M187a)^Hl_I340RAJiILia:E-4ALCHI^^^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BEDS i 40. ™ ,

XXVII. -* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;’

1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(SuppL 1881) ¦ THE FLORA OF THE TALCHIE-EARHAHBAEI BEDS dd 40

Pj£^XXVin-XXXI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;pp. 49-64;

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(1880) : THE FLORA OF THE DAMUDA-PANCHET DlYISIOHS

1-77; Pis. IJ~XVIJIÜ. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Oirst half); pp.

3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(1881) : THE FLORA OF THE DAMUDA-PANCHET DIVISIONS (Conchsgt;oni. •

78 149; Pis. XVIIJ-XLVIIJ. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^''‘'acius.on), pp.

CALCUTTA :

SOID AT THE

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFFICE, AND BY ALL BOOKSELLERS;nbsp;LONDON: TEÜBNBR amp; CO.

MDCCCLXXXI.

y*IKXED AT THB OÏFICB OB SUPBBINrBNDBNT OV amp;OrXByUBNI PHllTTJNS, MAëlIJfeaOfFSJtST, OAIOVTTA»

THE FOSSIL FLORA OF THE GONDWANA SYSTEM LY INDIA.

VoL. Ill

PREFACE.

The present volume, the third of the Possil Flora of the Gondwdna System in T da fa made up of four fasciculi, composing two parts. It contains the descrip.

^^and illustrations of the fossil plants of the Lower Division of the Gondwana sy^tem^so far as represented in the survey collections, up to the beginning of the

year 1880.

Others subsequently received will he described in a succeeding volume. The ames of all the animal remains found in the various groups together with thenbsp;flora have been recorded.

The first part of the present volume (composed of two fasciculi, No. 1 and gu 1 published in 1879 and 1881) contains the descriptions and illustrations ofnbsp;the lowest o-roups of the Gondwana system, viz., the Talchir shales and Karharbarinbsp;beds The^former are present in almost every coal-field, at the base; while thenbsp;'Karharbari beds are typically developed in the Karharbari coal-field, and are alsonbsp;kimwn from the Mohpani coal-field, and have recently been identified in the Southnbsp;Rewah basin by Mr. Hughes. The Talchir shales have not, however, been foundnbsp;fosiliferous in all the coalfields; at present we know of distinct fossils from the

following districts only, viz.. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

--The Deoghur (Kuraun) coal-field, in the Santal Parganas, close to Khur-

^ matar and Muddapur Stations, E. I. Railway (Chord line); from here Talchir fossils were first discovered by the Survey.

S —The Kdranpfira coal-field, in Hazaribagh district, where Mr. T. Hughes first ' ascertained their occurrence, and where I have myself recently collectednbsp;them Mr Hughes’ fossils are included in this volume, while those col-IPcted by me will be illustrated in a following volume.

Tvi iDp bpcinning of this year I also collected Talchir fossils in the Aurunga coal field, on the northern face of the Latiahar hill. These will also be

included in the next volume,

iv nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PEEFACE.

d.—Quite recently Mr. Hughes has sent Talchir fossils from the South Eewah basin, Sobagpur. This discovery is of importance in connexion with thenbsp;presence of the Karharhari beds (mentioned above), and of a typical Eani-ganj group, showing that similar relations existed here as during thenbsp;formation of the Bengal coal-fields.

The Karharhari beds are highly fossiliferous where known to exist. The first impulse to our knowledge of this interesting flora was given by Mr. I. J. Whitty,nbsp;C.E., late Superintendent of the Karharhari Collieries, E. I. E., who in 1876nbsp;sent to our Museum a magnificent slab of shale, containing, as it were, the nucleusnbsp;of the entire flora, as afterwards made known. I have subsequently visited thenbsp;coal-field several times, and with the kind assistance of the ofiicers in chargenbsp;I have made the collection of Karharhari plants which now fills five table-cases innbsp;our Museum comprising the specimens described and figured in this part.

In the Mohpani coal-field one bed is also highly fossiliferous from which I collected in 1878. There were also some specimens from earlier times in ournbsp;collections, probably collected by Mr. J. G. Medlicott.

This first part contains 31 Plates (six of which are double Plates), illustrative of the flora of the Talchir shales and Karharhari beds ; on the whole tolerably wellnbsp;executed.

The second part (composed of two fasciculi. Nos. 2 and 3, published in 1880 and 1881) treats of the fossils of the Damuda and Panchet Divisions. They arenbsp;more numerous than those of the Talchir-Karharhari beds, especially in the Damudanbsp;Division, which is the coal-bearing portion of the Gondwana system.

In bringing together the specimens of these rocks, many ofiicers of the Survey, past and present, have contributed.

The descriptions and illustrations refer to all the fossils hitherto known from these rocks excepting those recently collected by Mr. Hughes in South Eewah andnbsp;by myself in the Karanpura and Aurunga coal-fields, which have, however, beennbsp;mentioned in their respective places. They will be described and illustrated in thenbsp;next (fourth) volume of the Gondwana Flora.

This second part is paged separately from the first one, and has, like it, a separate index.

It is illustrated by 47 Plates, also numbered separately, their numbers being distinguished by the addition of an A after the Plate number.

Although this volume concludes a description of the whole Gondwana flora as at present known, this can only be regarded as a basis for further researches; fornbsp;large areas remain unsurveyed and additions to our collections are made continually.nbsp;These will in due time be made known by descriptions and illustrations, alwaysnbsp;with reference to the volumes already published.

OTÏOKAE FEISTMANTEL, M.D.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

{To Yol. Ill of the Gondwdna Fiord),

Peeface to the Volume ......

1. THE FOSSIL FLORA OF THE TALCHIE-KAEHARBARI BEDSnbsp;Talchir group .......

Plants of the Talchir group Karharbari beds in the Karharbari coal-field .

Enumeration of the plants of the Karharbari beds Probable existence of the Karharbari beds in the Central Provini

Systematical desceipiion of the Fossils Tabular list .

I. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;EquisEtacej!

Genus: Schizoneura, Schimp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;meriani. Schimp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(?) sp.

Genus: Vertebraria (Boyle)

II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Filices ....

Order: Neuro^teridew

Genus: Nenropteris, Bgt.

Sub-genus: Neuropteridium, Schimp.

Nenropteris valida, Feistm.

Order: Dictyopteridea .....

Genus: Qangamopteris, Mc’Coy ....

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;cylopteraides, Fdisim.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;subanricnlata

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var. areolata

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var. attemata

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;huriadica, Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;major,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;angustifolia. Me'Coy-

Genus : Glossopteris, Bgt.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;communis, Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(dumudica)

„ decipiens, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;sp.

Sagenopteris stoliezkana, Feistm.

III. CTCADEACEa: ....

Genus: Glossozamites, Schimp. .

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;stoliezkanus, Feistm.

a. Noggerathiopsidece

Genus: Nóggerathiopsis, Feistm. .

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;hislopi, Bunb. sp. (Feistm.)

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„ var. subrhomhoidalis

IV. Conifer(?) .

Genus : Euryphyllum, Feistm. .

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;whittianum, Feistm. .

CONTENTS.

V. CoNIEEEa;

Genus: Voltzia, Bgt.

„ Mterophylla, Bgt.

Genus : Alhertia, Schimp.

„ comp, speeiosa, Schimp.

Fossil seeds Geneeal eesults

List I. Speoifical identities „ II. General identitiesnbsp;„ III. Analogous forms

Eemaeks 03sr the disteibution of the fossil plants in the

I. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Localities in the Southern portion, near Serampur

1. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shaft No. 11 A near Buriadi

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mines near Chunka

a, Shaft No. 16 I, „ No. 16 G.nbsp;c, „ No. 16 A.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Locality Domahni

II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Localities in the northern portion of the field, east of Karharhari

1. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Localities in the bottom seam district near Passerabhia, east of Karharhari

a, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shaft No. 5 D.

b, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„ No. 5 G.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Localities near Passerabhia, 3rd seam district

«, Shaft No. 17 C. h, „ No. 17B.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Locality Mathadi, south-west of Passerabhia, shaft No. 1

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Locality Jogitand, Shaft No. 2 .

III. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The seams on the Buddhua and Komaljore hill, 4th seam

Horizons and Floras in the Karharhari coal-field List showing the distribution of fossils in the Karharhari coal-fieldnbsp;fossils) according to the horizons and localitiesnbsp;Disteibution of the fossil plants in the MohpAni coal-fieldnbsp;The Shapue coal-field (near Baitul) ....

Appendix (not paged).

1 (Suppl.): THE FLOEA OF THE TALCHIE-KAEHARBARI BEDS Mohpani coal-field—additional fossils .

Karharhari coal-field—additional fossils From the 1st seamnbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„ 2nd seam

General list of fossils to be described .

Equisetace^! ....

Genus: ScTiizoneura, Schimp, and Moug,

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;comp, gondwanensis, Feistm.

Equisetaceous stalks Genus: Vertebraria, Eoyle

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;indiea, Eoyle

Filices .... a. Eeuropterideoe .

Genus; Neuropteris, Bgt.

Sub-genus: Neuropteridium, Schimp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;validum, Feistm.

b, Eictyotceniopteridem . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

CONTENTS.

Genus: Grlossojiteris, Bgt.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;communis, Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;longicaulis, Feistm.

Development of Qlossopteris . c. Dictyopteridece .

Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;huriadica, Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;angustifolia, Mo’Coy

Gtcadeacejs ..... a. Zamiece

Genus: Ifoggerathiopsis, Feistm.

Distribution of this genus in Australia Systematical position of NaggeratMopsisnbsp;Classification of the family Noggerathiopsidecenbsp;Noggerathiopsis, Feistm., and Mhiptozamites, Schmalh.

Distribution of the Zamiece—Table illustrating the_

Noggerathiopsis liislopi, Feistm.

Incerice sedis—Seeds . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

Samaropsis, sp. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Carpolithes milleri, Feistm. ....

Carpolitlies ......

Seeds .......

Index to the first portion (I and I Suppl.) of Vol. Ill, Gondwana Flora Plates I—XXXI to illustrate the Flora of the Talchir-Karharbari beds (Part I and Suppl)

2 AND 3. THE FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS Inteodectokt Remaeks ......

A. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Efijmahal region—(Rajmahal hills)

B. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Birbhum, Deogarh, and Kai'hai’bari region

Sahajori coal-field Jainti coal-field .

Karharbari coal-field

C. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Damuda valley region

I. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Damuda valley coal-fields

Raniganj coal-field Jharia coal-fieldnbsp;Bokafo coal-fieldnbsp;Karanpura coal-field

II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Coal-fields of Palamaun (Palamow)

Auranga coal-field

D. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Son, Mahanadi and Brahmani region

Rfimkola and Tatapani coal-fields South Rewah and Sohagpur .

Bisrampur coal-field .

Raigar-Hingir coal-field Talchir coal-field

E. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Satpura region

Satpura basin

F. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Godavari region .

I. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Neighbourhood of Nagpur

II, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Warda-Pranhita-Godavari basin

Chanda coal-field South-eastern extension

CONTENTS.

G. Sikkim Damudas ....

List of groups of Lower Gondwanas .

Alphabetical list of the coal-fields and areas from localities at which they were foundnbsp;Alphabetical list of localities, at which Lower Gondwana fossils havenbsp;fossils identified at each locality .

The various localities from which Lower Gondwana fossils are known, alphabetically arranged groups .....

General list of fossils of the Lower Gondwanas Conclusions drawn from this listnbsp;Description of the fossils .nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;•

Crypt ogamse or Acotyledones .

Pteridophyta—Equisetaceoe .

Genus : Schizonenra, Schimper Known species and range of the genus out of Indianbsp;Eelations and differencesnbsp;Schizoneura gondwanensis, Feistm.

Description . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Damuda and Panchet form identical .

Eelations .....

Stems .'.....

Eange and localities of Sch. gondwanensis, Feistm.

ScJiizoneura comp, meriani. Schimp. .

Schizoneura, sp. . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Genus: FJiyllotJieca, Bgt.

Known species and distribution of Fhyllofheca, Bgt.

Fhyllotheca indica, Bunh.

Eelations and differences Stems ......

Eange and distribution of Fhyll. indica, Bunh.

Fhyllotlieca rohusia, Feistm.

Analogies and differenoies Locality and horizon ....

Genus: Trizygia, Eoyle.

Trizygia speciosa, Eoyle

Group: Sphenophylloideie Eaniganj and Barakar formnbsp;Eange and distribution of Triz. speciosa, Eoylenbsp;Genus: Veriebraria, Eoylenbsp;Analogiesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.....

Veriebraria indica, Eoyle Eange and distribution of V. indica, Eoyle .

Eesumé of the Eqnisetacece in India Filicesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.....

a. Cyatheacem

Genus: Cyathea ....

Cyathea comp. TcMhatch^, Schmalh.

Locality nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.....

Genus: Sphenopteris, Bgt.

Sphenopierispolymorpba, Feistm.

Eange and distribution of Sph. polymorpha, Feistm.

Genus: FicTesonia, L’Hérit FicTcsonia hughesi, Feistm.

CONTENTS.

Olossopterü communis, Feistm.

Distribution cf the species Eelations

Gloss opt. communis, var. Stenoneura.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;intermittens, n. sp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;stricta, Bunh.

^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;muscefolia, Bunh.

„¦ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;indica. Schimp.

Section b. Intermediate forms .

Glossopt. browniana, Bgt. lts fructification—of two kindsnbsp;Section c : Broad-netted forms .

Glossopt. retifera, Feistm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;conspicua, n. sp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;sp. (ingens)

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;divergens, n. sp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;damudica, Feistm.

Section d : Narrow-leaved forms .

Glossopt. angustifolia, Bgt.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;leptoneura, Bunh.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;formosa, n. sp.

Section e .• Eound-leaved forms

Glossopt. orbicularis, n. sp.

Incertffi ....

Glossopt. decipiens, Feistm.

Order: Dictyopteridece Genns'. Gangamopteris, Mc’Coynbsp;Gangamopt. anthropJiyoides, n. sp.

„ whittiana, Feislm.

„ hughesi, Feistm. .

Eelations and differences Gangamopteris, sp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;cyclopteroides, Feistm.

lts distribution .

Its varieties .

Other species of the genus Its range in India and Australianbsp;Genus: JBelemnopteris, Feistm.

Belemmpt. wood-masoniana, Feistm.

Its relations Incerte sedis

Sagenopteris (P) longifolia, n. sp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(?) polyphylla, Feistm.

„ comp, rhoifolia, Presl.

,, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(?) stoliczJcana, Feistm.

Genus: Actinopteris, Schenk

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;bengalensis, Feistm.

Genus : AnthropJiyopsis, Nath .

PHANEEOGAMa:—Gymnospermcc nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Class: Cycadeaceoe Genus : Pteropbyllum, Bgt.

Pteroph. burdwanense Feistm. (Mo’Clell. sp.) A species of Anomzamites, Schimp.

COI? TENTS.

Vterophyllnm, (?) sp. .

Genus: Glossozamites, Schimp. . Glossozam. stoliczTcanus, Feistm.nbsp;Suh-Family: Noggerathiopsidec^

Genus: Nöggerathiopsis, Feistm.

Nöggerathiopsis kislopi, Feistm. Squamm .....nbsp;Class: Conifermnbsp;Order: Taxacemnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;y

Family: Salishurece nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Genus : Em-yphyllnm, Feistm. .

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;whittianum, Feistm.

Genus: RMpidopsis, Schmalh. .

Shipidopsis densinervis, n. sp. lts affinities and differences

Mhipidopsis gingkoides, Schmalh. Genus; Cyclopitys, Schmalh.

Order: Abietaceee Genus : Voltzia, Bgt.

„ heterophylla, Bgt.

Genus: Alhertia, Schimp.

Seeds (Samaropsis, etc.)

Sterns of coniferous plants

Animalia .....

Crustacea . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Genus: Estheria, Strauss.

„ mangaliensis, Jon. .

Fisces (Scales) .

Fatrachia Lahyrinthodontianbsp;Gonioglyptus longirostris, Huxl.

Fachygmia incurvata, Huxl. .

Brachyops laticeps, Owen Archegosaurus (.? ) sp. ?

Beptilia .....

Finosauria

Ankistrodon indicus, Huxl.

Ficynodontia Ficynodon orientalis .

Insect wing

Geneeai, eemabks ....

Appendix .....

1. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;List of fossils according to the horizons with reference to the figures

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Supplementary list of localities at which Lower Gondwana fossils were found

Index to the 2nd Part of Vol. Ill . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Plates \A—XLVIIjI to illustrate the Flora of the Damuda and Panchet divisions

DIEECTIONS EOE THE BINDER.

Eour fasciculi make up the present Tolume—See title-page to the volume.

Remove title pages and prefaces of all four fasciculi, as well as the tables of contents of the first three fasciculi (No. 1, No. 1 Supplement, and No. 2).

Bind text (pages 1—64) and plates (I—XXXI) of the first two fasciculi (No. 1 and No. 1 Supplement) together; as also the text (pages 1—149) and plates (LA—nbsp;XLVII.4) of the two other fasciculi (Nos. 2 and 3), and these two parts then formnbsp;the volume and have to be hound together in the order indicated.

Bind title-page, contents and preface to the volume at the beginning of part 1 (first fasciculus).

Replace plate YLJA, issued originally with fasciculus 1 of this volume, by the same plate (VII^) issued now.

THE FOSSIL FLORA OF THE LOWER GONDWANAS.

II-THB FLORA OF THE DAMÜDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.'

WITH PLATES 14-XVI AMs.

BY

O. FEISTMANTBL, M.D.,

PALiEONTOLOGIST, GEOLOGICAL SUEVET OF INDIA.

The fossil flora of the Damnda division, the chief coal-hearing gronp of the Lower Gondwanas, is mnch more numerous than that of the Talchir-Karharharinbsp;beds, both as regards the number of specimens and species, while, on the othernbsp;hand, the flora of the Panchet group, the uppermost member of the Lower Gondwanas and locally overlying the Damuda division, is a very small one. The determination and comparison of the plants of the Panchet group has shown, that to anbsp;very great extent they are forms which are already represented in the Damudanbsp;sub-division, for which reason I have decided upon describing both floras together.nbsp;Before proceeding to the description, I shall enumerate the fossils of the variousnbsp;coal-fields according to the groups and localities, as far as known at present, fromnbsp;which it will be best seen what fossils are known from the various groups and innbsp;what relation they are to each other.

In the Baniganj coal-field, where the Damuda division appears best developed, it was sub-divided into three groups : the Barakar group (being best developed in thenbsp;west of the field on the Barakar river). Iron shales, and Baniganj group (so namednbsp;from the town of Baniganj); and it is yet overlaid by rocks comprised under thenbsp;heading “ Panchet division.” The other Bengal coal-fields show the same groupsnbsp;more or less developed: while in the fields to the west and south certain groups

' For general understanding, I may mention that the lower portion of the Gondwana system is sub-divided into three divisions, which are in ascending order: (a) the Talchir division, which includes the Talohir group proper and thenbsp;Karharbari beds ; {bj the Damuda division, which contains most of the Indian coal, and is again sub-divided into threenbsp;groups ; (c) the Panchet division, the top of the lower Gondwanas.

For further information see the Memoirs of the Geological Survey, and especially the Manual of the Geology of India, 1879, Vol. I, pp. 107—134.

2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;, FLORA OF THE HAMÜHA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

occur, some of which differ in mineral character from those of Bengal, yet palgeon-tologically can he correlated with the latter. This will he indicated in discussing the fossils of the various coal-fields, taking them in order from east to west andnbsp;south, as observed in the Manual of Indian Geology (Vol. I, p. 162).

A.—The Rajmahal hegion.

Mdjmahdl Hills.—In his memoir on the geology of the B,ajmahal hills,' Mr. V. Ball treats fully of the Damuda series of this area, showing that it mostlynbsp;belongs to the Barakar group. Only very few fossils are known.

Mr. Ball mentions some leaves of Glossopteris (1. c., p. 27) from shales near Ramgarh (south of the Brahmani river), and there are a few specimens in ournbsp;collections from some other localities :—

1. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Musinia, on the Brahmani river (Brahmani coal-field).

Yertebraria indica, Eoyle—one specimen distinctly branching'.

Glossopteris sp.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Burgo, in the Pachwara coal-field, on the Bansloi nadi, west of Amrapara.

Yertebraria indica, fioyle.

Macrotoeniopteris danmoides, Royle (this specimen will be found figured in the next part, Plate XXIA fig. 2).

Glossopteris communis, Pstm.—two or three specimens of the usual form.

At these two localities the plants are preserved in dark-grey 'coal-shale usually met with in

the Barakar group.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are a few fossils from two other localities, differing lithologicallynbsp;from the mode of preservation usual in Barakar fossils. One of the localities, asnbsp;indicated on the labels, is “ Lohundia, upper bed below trap.” The rock in whichnbsp;the fossils (which, according to our present knowledge, must be considered asnbsp;“ Damuda fossils”) are preserved, is a light purplish-grey, fine, soft shale, whichnbsp;resembles more some shales from the Upper Gondwanas, and I think thesenbsp;are the shales to which Mr. Ball refers {1. c., pp. 47 and 48), saying thatnbsp;the white beds of the Duhrajpur group on the Kair Pahar “ were considerednbsp;by Mr. Blanford (MSS.) to have so strong a resemblance to some in the vicinity ofnbsp;Lohundia and Ramzanpfir in the north of the area, that he suggested a possibilitynbsp;that the latter should he referred to the same group; hut he added that the resemblance may only he accidental.” In this latter conjecture Mr. Blanford was probably correct; for the fossils from Lohundia, as far as known, must be classednbsp;with the Lower Gondwanas, although they may represent a higher group than thenbsp;Barakars, for I have determined—

Glossopteris communis, Pstm., with a very narrow net-venation.

Glossopteris indica. Schimp., a narrow-leaved form.

‘ Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. XIII, pt. 2, 1877.

FLOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3

Glussopteris angiistifolia—Bgt. This form is especially represented in the Eaniganj group. Small, scale-lihe leaflets: similar to some in the Raniganj group.

Winged seeds—of which I can form no opinion to what plant they might belong, as no other plants but Glossopteris occur with them. Winged seeds of the same nature are knownnbsp;from the Raniganj (Kamthi) group in the Raniganj field. South Rewah and Satpuranbsp;basin (Bijori horizon).

These fossils show a decided relation to those of the Raniganj group, and it is perhaps not improbable that these beds at Lohundia (in the Hura coal-field) represent that group—a view already suggested by Mr. Ball in 4is G eology of the Rajmahal hills [1. c., p. 26).

4. The other locality lies further to the south of the area. Tw o specimens are preserved in- our collection, both being of identically the same rock. There isnbsp;no other record about them except that one bears the inscription “Dubrajpur.”nbsp;They consist of a purplish-grey shale, the fossils on it being much paler. Theynbsp;most probably come from the Gopikandar beds, close to the east of Dubrajpurnbsp;{1. c., p. 186).

It is very much to be regretted that their exact position is not known, for although there is a Glossopteris preserved in them, yet there is also another fossil, anbsp;hrosid-lenYed Pht/llotheca, very much similar to one from the Siberian Jura, recentlynbsp;described by Prof. SchmalhauseA of Kiew. This association is of a certain importance ; for either are these fossils from the Damuda rocks of Gopikandar, and thennbsp;there is another fossil of genuine Jurassic type in association with Glossopteris,nbsp;or they are from the Dubrajpur group (judging from the PJiyllotheca), when therenbsp;would be another instance of Glossopteris in Upper Gondwanas. In either casenbsp;the discovery of the new Phyllotheca here in India is of interest; it will be figured onnbsp;Plate XIV A bis ^).

The fossils represent two species only ;—

Tliyllotlieca rohusta, n. sp.—the new species mentioned above. (PI. XIVJ bis.)

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.—Both from “ Dubrajpur.-’-’

B.—Biubhum, Deogarh, and KarharbIei region.

From this region very few fossils can be recorded as coming from the Damuda series, and only from two coal-fields :—

1. Sahayori coal-field, in the Deogarh «rea. —In his report on this coal-field;^ Mr. Hughes mentions in the Barakar group (p. 254) “ many fine specimens of Glos-sopteris in the shales accompanying the coal,” but he does not mention anynbsp;species, and I could not identify the specimens in our collections.

‘ Mem. de I’Acad. Imp. d. Sc. de St. Petersbourg, VII Ser., Tome XXVII, No. 4.

^ As I identified it only after the plates -were numbered, I had to intercalate a new plate after Plate XIV A as XIV A bis.

^ Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. VII, 1870.

4 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PLOUA or THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Jainti or Karaun field deserves notice, because that here the first,nbsp;and up to date the most numerous, Talchir fossils were found, which were described in my previous paper, and which wiU also be taken into the comparative listnbsp;of the Lower Gondwana fossils.

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Karharbdri coal-field.—In my Elora of the Talchir-Karharbari beds^ I hadnbsp;an opportunity to point out, that in the Karharbari coal-field, which is mostlynbsp;composed of Talchir and Karharbari beds, at one locality only, on the Lumki billnbsp;(in the southern portion of the field), there were found a few fossils which indicatenbsp;a higher horizon than that of the Karharbari beds, and I thought it best tonbsp;consider the beds on the Lumki (Komaljore) hill as representatives of thenbsp;Damuda division. I also indicated that the seam on the Bhudua hill may be of thenbsp;same horizon.

The Lumki hill fossils are—

ScJdzoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. Fragmentary, but distinct. This fossil is, it is true^ especially frequent in the Eaniganj group, but it also is known in the Barakar group,nbsp;and the genus in the Talchir division also.

Vertebraria indica, Boyle. Known from the whole Damudas.

SphenopterispoLymorplia, Fstm. Known from the Kaniganj group also.

Glossopieris communis, Fstm. A common Damuda fossil.

Gangamopteris,^^. A form resembling somewhat certain long-leaved forms of GangUmopteris cyclopteroides, Fstm., of the Karharbari beds.

Erom the stratigraphical position of these beds on the Lumki hill, I suggested that they should be considered as belonging to the Barakar group.

The fossils of the Karharbari beds, including those which I recently (April 1880,) collected from the second seam at shafts No. 24 and No. 40 (Passerabhia),nbsp;from which seam hitherto no fossils were known, will be taken in consideration atnbsp;end of this chapter, when the general table of the Lower Gondwana fossils will benbsp;given.

C.—Damuda Valley region.

J. Damuda valley coal-fields.—Prom this region the greatest number of fossils have been hitherto made known.

1. Baniganj field.—It was in this coal-field that the Damudas were earliest studied in detail, and where a regular three-fold grouping was first established.nbsp;In this coal-field also the Panchet rocks were first separated. All these groups arenbsp;fossiliferous. A detailed description of this field was given by Mr. WIT. Blanford.^nbsp;Erom this coal-field also plants were first described hy European authors, as I shallnbsp;mention when speaking of the Baniganj group.

’ Pal. Ind,, Ser. XII, 1, pp. 43. 44.

^ Mem. Geol. Suiv., India, Vol. III.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANOHET DIVISIONS.

a. BardJcar group.—In 1877 I visited the western portion of the Raniganj coal-field where the Barakar group is best developed, and collected a number ofnbsp;fossils from these beds at two localities. A short account of my observations wasnbsp;given at that time,^ to which some slight corrections are now reqidred.

The fossils are (I find it necessary to introduce also the new names already here)—

Vertebraria indica, Eoyle—Various forms, amongst them also several branching specimens. (Figured on PI. Xllld, figs. 1, 2, 4-, 8, PI. XIVfigs. 1, 4). From Kumerdhubi andnbsp;Nirscha.

Equisetaceous stems.—These may he either of ScJiizoneura or EJiyllotlieca (PL XIIU, fig. 7). Kumerdhubi.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. (Figured PI. XXXIU, fig. 2). Kumerdhubi and Nirscha.

Gl. communis, var. stenoneura.—A variety with a much narrower net-venation than in the original species (Pis. XXXII^, fig. 3, XXXIIU, fig. 1). Kumerdhubi.

GL indica. Schimp. Kumerdhubi.

Gl. browniana, Bgt. Kumerdhubi.

Gl. damudica, n. sp. (Pis. XXXI^, figs. 1-3 ; XXXIIJ, fig. 1). Kumerdhubi.

Gl. ingens. n. sp. Fragmentary. (PI. XXXI4, figs. 4, 5). Kumerdhubi.

Gl. inter mittens, n. sp. (PI. XXXIII.4, figs. 2-4). Nirscha.

Angiopteridium infarctum n. sp. (Pis. XXX IVJ, figs. 4, 5.) Kumerdhubi.

Squamm gymnospermarum (?) Scales of cycadeous plants (PI. XLVII A, figs. 19-21). Kumerdhubi.

These are all the plants at present known from the Barakar group in the Rani-ganj field.

The next horizon in this field and from which plants are known is that of—

h. The iromhales.—These shales being generally very fine and compact, the fossils are mostly well preserved. They are, however, only very few—

Glossopteris commvmis, Fstm.

Glossopteris damudica, n. sp. A splendid specimen will be figured on PI. XXXA, fig. 1.

An insect-wing-like leaf, figured on PI. XVIA his, figs. 7, 7lt;i.

Coniferous stems. There are several fragments of stems, with little scars, which remind very much of coniferous stems, and which again agree with a Siberian plant. Inbsp;shall refer to it more closely when describing these fossils in the proper place,nbsp;PI. XLVIU, figs. 5-7.

The best of these fossils are from Kulti, on the Barakar extension of the East Indian Railway.

c. Raniganj group.—This group contains in this coal-field the richest coal-seams ; from it also most of the Lower Gondwana plants are known. From this group also the first fossils were known to European authors. Already in hisnbsp;“ Prodrome d’une histoire des végétaux fossiles, 1828,” Adolphe Brongniart mentions

’ Rec. Geol. Surv., Vol. X, p. 73.

PLOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Glossopteris hrowniana from Eaniganj^ and a ZeugopJiyllites calamoides from the same locality.

In his “ Histoire des végétanx,” etc., we find another species of Glossopteris, i. e., Gl. angmtifoUa, also from Eaniganj. Prof. Göppert (1836) and later Schimpernbsp;(1869) gave copies of Brongniart’s drawings. At present the flora is much morenbsp;numerous, for besides that there was in our Museum a large collection of plantsnbsp;from the Eaniganj field, made during the survey of that field, I had an opportunity to collect several fossils myself in the neighbourhood of Assensole,^ andnbsp;I had also a collection of plants from Eaniganj placed at my disposal by Mr.nbsp;•I. Wood-Mason.®

Most of these fossils are ferns, which will be illustrated in the next number, but a list of them all is given now.

UQUISBTACEM

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.. Eaniganj; Assensole, north branch of the Nunia river. Pis. ÏA, llA, III^, figs. 1, 2 ; PI. TV A, figs. 1, 2 ; PI. T A, figs. 1—5; PI. VI^, figs. 1—3 ;nbsp;PI. VIIJ, fig. 2; Pis. \lllA, XTVA, fig. 5.

Stalks of ScJiizoneura. PI. IXA, figs. 1—6. Eaniganj.

Phyllotlieca indica, Bunb., the real form. PI. XII^, fig. 6. Eaniganj.

Fertebraria indica, Eoyle. PL XIIA, figs. 10, 11; PL XllI^, fig. 3 Eaniganj, Assensole, (northern and southern branch of Nunia river'nbsp;Trizygia speciosa, Eoyle. PL XI^, figs. 1, 3,4,5, 7, 8 ; PL XIIAfig. 1-

FILICES.

Sphenopteris polymorpTia, Fstm. Eaniganj. Pis. XVJ, XVU, figs. 5, 6; PL XYIA bis, figs. 1—6. Sitarampur. PL XVI.!, fig. 3.

Alethopteris {Asplenium), comp, whitbyensis, Gopp. Eaniganj. PL XIXA, figs. 2, 2a.

Aleihopt. lindleyana, Eoyle, Eaniganj. PL XVllU, fig. 2; PL XIX^, figs. 3, 4; PL XXIlIyf, fig. 10; PL XXXIX^ fig. 11.

Alethopt. pJiegopteroides,Tsim. Eaniganj. PL XVIIIfig. 1.

Pecopteris affinis, McClell. Eaniganj. PL XXXIX^, fig. 10.

Merianopteris major, n. sp. Eaniganj field. PL XIXA figs. 9—11.

Macrotaniopieris danmides, Eoyle. Eaniganj. PL XXA.

Paiaovittaria kurzi, Fstm. Eaniganj. PL XLIV^.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. (type). Eaniganj field; Assensole, north branch, Nunia river.

PL XXIXA fig. 4; PL XXXVJ, figs. 1, 2; PL XXXYIA, figs. 1—3.

GL communis, var. stenoneura. Eaniganj. PL XXXVIIIA fig- 5.

Gl. indica. Schimp. Eaniganj. PL XXYA, fig. 3; PL XXXVJ, fig. 3.

Gl. hrowniana, Bgt. Eaniganj. PL XXVIIA fig- 4.

Gl. intermedia, n. sp. Eaniganj. PL XXIXA, figs. 3, 6.

' Written Eana-Gnnje in Brongniart’s work (pp. 54 and 169).

^ I gave a short account of them in Rec. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. X, p. 75.

^ These were already described by me in the Jour. As. Soo. Bengal, 1876, (Vol. XLV.)

FLORA OF THE DAMTJDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;7

Gl. retifera, Pstm. Kaniofanj ; Sitarampur. PI. XXVIII.i, figs. 2, 7, 10; PI. XLI^, fig. 9. Gl. nonsjiicua, Tx. s-^. Raniganj ; Assensole^ north branch of the Nunia river; Dadka; Sitarampur. PI. XXVIII^, figs. 5j amp;, 8, 9.

Gl. divergens, n. sp. Raniganj. PI. XXVIIIvIj figs. 3, 4.

Gl. augustifolia, Bgt. Raniganj; Assensole, south branch of the Nunia. PI. XXVII/^, figs. 6, 8, 9, 11—13; PI. XXXIVJ, fig. 3; PI. XXXIXJ, figs. 1, 2.

Gl. formosa, n. sp. Raniganj. PI. XXXIX, figs. 3—7.

Gl. oriicutaris, n. sp. Raniganj; Assensole, north branch of the Nunia river. PI. XLIiI,figs. 1, 2. Glossopteris, sp. Raniganj. PI. XXXIV^, figs. 1, 2.

Gangamopteris whiitiana, Fstm. Raniganj. PI. XLIII, figs. 1, 2.

Gangamopteris, sp. Raniganj. PI. XXVII^, figs. 7, 10.

Gangamopteris antkrophyoides, n. sp, Assensole, south branch of Nunia river. PI. XXXIX.I, figs. 8, 8«.

Belemnopleris wood-masoniana, Fstm. Raniganj. PL XLIII, figs. 3, 4.

Sagenopieris{l') lorigifolia, n.s-p. Raniganj. PI. LXi, fig. 1.

Sag. (.0 polyphylla, Fstm. Raniganj. PI. XLI^, figs. 3, 4; PI. XLIII^, fig. 5.

Sagenopteris, sp. ? Raniganj. PL XLI, fig. 7 ; PL XLII, figs. 2, 4.

Actinopteris ? lengalensis, Fstm. PL XIX^I, fig. I. Raniganj.

Bictyopteridium sporiferum, n. sp. PL XXIII^, fig. 12.

CTCABEACEM.

Fteropliyllum burdwanense, Fstm. Raniganj. PL XLVII.4, fig. I. Nöggerathiopsis (= Rhiptozamites) Jiislopi, Eunb., sp. PL XLV, figs. 10, 11.nbsp;Squama. Raniganj. PL XLVII/i, figs. 8, 16.

CONIFEBJU.

Voltzia ? scale. Raniganj. PL XLVII..4, fig. 19.

Samaropsis comp, parvula, Heer. Raniganj. PL XLVII.lt;Ij figs. 14, 15.

If we compare the fossils enumerated above, we shall find that all the plants of the Barahar group, except Gl. ingens, n. sp., Glossopteris intermittens, n. sp., andnbsp;Angiopteridium infarctum, n. sp., are found also in the Raniganj group, and thatnbsp;two species of the three from the iron shales are both in the Barakar and Raniganjnbsp;groups. The Raniganj group is the richest in forms, and in this group in this coalfield altogether the most species have hitherto heen distinguished.

d. Panellet group.—This group was established in Mr. Blanford’s report, and at first a lower and upper division was distinguished; hut later, the name Panchet wasnbsp;retained for the lower division only, as belonging to the Lower Gondwanas, while thenbsp;upper Panchet group, although no fossils have been found in it, is considerednbsp;as probably representing the Duhrajpur group. M e have to deal here with thenbsp;lower portion only, or with the Panchet group proper. It is fossiliferous, and is thenbsp;only group of the Lower Gondwunas in which hitherto animal fossils have beennbsp;found numerously.

ELOEA OE THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

ANIMALS.

Dicynodon orientalis, Huxley. Deoli, Damuda river, south-west of Assensole. Anhistrodon indicus, Huxley. Ibid.

Gonioglyptus longirostris, Huxley. Ibid.

Tachygmia inmrvata, Huxley. Ibid.

Estheria (comp, mangaliensis, Jon.) South of Maitur, north-west branch, Nunia river.

PLANTS.

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. The same species as in the Kaniganj group. Maitur, northwest branch of the Nunia river, north-west of Assensole. PI. XA.

Eecopteris concinna, Presl. Pretty frequent. Ibid. PI. XVIU, figs. 1—6.

Cyclopteris pachyrliachis, Göppt. Ibid. PI. XVII^, fig. 7.

Oleandridium comp, stenmeuron, Schimp. Ibid. PI. XIX^, figs. 5—8.

Glossopteris. Two species can be distinguished, although the specimens are only fragmentary, but the net-venation can be well seen, and it can be referred to that of two species in the Damudanbsp;division, i.e.—

Glossopt. indica, Schimp., and 61. communis, Fstm.(Figures see in Eec. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. X, pp. 139, 14-0, figs. 8—8, on plate facing page 140).

Samaropsis comp, parvula, Heer. Several winged seeds, which are of the same type as those already mentioned in the Kaniganj group, only a little smaller. North-west branch of thenbsp;Nunia river. PI. XLVIU, figs. II—13.

A comparison of the fossils in the Panohet division with those in the Eaniganj gronp shows that there is great resemblance of the two floras, four species out ofnbsp;seven being identical.

The Estheria appears to be identical with some forms occurring at other localities, which are also considered as representatives of the Eaniganj group.

Eurther general remarks can be given only at the end, when the floras of the other districts have been named.

2. Jharia coal-field.—The next coal-field from which we have to record fossils of the Damuda series is the Jharia coal-field, to the west of the Eaniganj field.

Several fossils were collected by Mr. Hughes, by whom the coal-field has been described and I published a short note on a DicTesonia from this coal-field.^ Allnbsp;the groups of the Damuda series and also the Panchet rocks are found in this field,nbsp;but fossils were only found in the Barakar and Eaniganj groups; from the latter thenbsp;fossils are in our collections.

a. Erom the Barakar group Mr. Hughes mentions {1. c., p. 311)—

Vertebraria {indica, Koyle).

Glossopteris, sp.

* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. V, pp, 237—336.

* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rec. Geol, Surv., India, Vol. X, p. 198, figs. 10,11.

FLOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;9

6. From the Eaniganj group are kuowu {1. c., p. 313).

ScAizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. PI. ÏYA, fig. 3.

Vertehraria indica, Koyle.

Dicksonia hughesi, n. sp. PI. XXIIIAj figs. Ij 2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

AletJiopteris [Asplenium) comp, whitbgensis, Göpp, PI. I.tKA, figs. 2^ 3.

Maerotaniqpteris danteoides, Royle. PI. 'KY.A, fig. 1.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. PI. XL^, fig. 4.

Also from the Talchirs a Glossopteris is mentioned {1. c., p. 243).

3. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Boharo coal-field.—The next field to the west of the Jharia coal-field is thenbsp;Bokaro field, which was described by Mr. T. H. Hughes in 1869.^ All groups ofnbsp;the Damuda field occur; fossils, however, were very rare, and occurred in thenbsp;Barakars and the Eaniganj group only. I could identify only one specimen innbsp;our collections.

a. jBarakar group.—Mr. Hughes mentions the genus Asterophylhtes on p. 40 of his report from a section near Layeo. This specimen I have identified in ournbsp;collections; it bears a label on which is written: “ AsterophylUtes, Bokaro coal-field.”nbsp;The specimen is, however, not an AsterophylUtes, but Trizygia speciosa, Eoyle.

Ö. Baniganj group.—From this group one fossil only is mentioned by Mr. Hughes {1. 0., pp. 63,161) from near Hurdeeamo, south-west of Sarun. Mr. Hughesnbsp;mentions Schizoneura as being very numerous here ; I think we can with all probability presume that it was the common Eaniganj species Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.

4. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Karanpura field deserves a notice here, only in so far as the Talchirsnbsp;yielded several fossils, which I have already described {1. c.), and they will benbsp;named again in the general comparative table of the Lower Grondwana fossils.nbsp;The Damudas did not yield any fossils.

II. Coal-fields of Palmaun {Palamow).—Of this area, the Auranga coal-field only, described by Mr. Ball, 1878,^ comes into consideration, as having yielded somenbsp;fossils.—Mr. Ball describes the Barakar and Eaniganj groups and also the Banchetnbsp;group. He did not, however, collect any fossils from the Damudas, only a fewnbsp;from a doubtful horizon, to be mentioned presently.

Barakar group.—A few fossils were brought in 1879 by Mr. Griesbach, collected (on his way to the Sirguja coal-fields) in the Auranga coal-field, at a locality west of Murup, in the coal-beds, most likely Barakars : these fossils were :

Trizygia speciosa, Royle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

I have mentioned them already in a short note in the Eecords for 1880, p. 65.

Doubtful horizon.—South-east of Panripara, near Latiahar, Mr. BalH found

' Mem. Geol. Snrv., India, Vol. VI, pp. 39-108.

Mem. Geol. Snrv., India, Vol. XV, Pt. 1.

* Mem. Geol. Snrv., India, Vol. XV, Pt. 1, p. 89.

FLORA OP THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

several fossils in a red shale, like some shales of the Mahadevas, but as they were in immediate proximity of a fault, it was not possible to determine with certaintynbsp;the true horizon; this is much to be regretted, for the fossils, compared withnbsp;others, are of decidedly Damuda forms; yet they might as well come from thenbsp;Panchet rocks, and it would even not be surprising, although very interesting, ifnbsp;they were from the Mahadevas. On the label, which Mr. Ball gave me with thenbsp;fossils, he wrote “ horizon uncertain, but apparently Mahadevas.” In this case theynbsp;would be from the Upper Gondwanas. But at present I name the fossils here,nbsp;treating them as of the Panchet group ; they are : —

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Pecopteris ? or Cyclopteris ?

Glossopteris communis, Pstm.

Gl. indica, Schimp.

Gl. damudica, n. sp.

Squama gymnospermarum. These are also known from the Raniganj group.

Samaropsis small winged seeds.

D.—Son, Mahanadi, and BrIhmani region.

1. Mamhola and Tatapdni coal-fields.—These fields, in the eastern extension of the Son basin, were lately surveyed by Mr. Griesbach^ who also brought a goodnbsp;collection of fossils upon which I gave a short note in the Records.^ Of the Damudanbsp;series Mr. Griesbach distinguished the Bardkar and Raniganj groups, and also thenbsp;Panchet division. All were found fossüiferous. I shall at present give only anbsp;general list of the fossils from all groups collectively:—

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

The observations of interest which can be based on these fossils are —

a.—The establishment o£ the true Raniganj group.

1. —The close relation of the various groups, especially of the Eaniganj-Panchet groups. The

fossils which I have marked as coming from the Panchet group might as well be considered as coming from the Raniganj group, but it appears that stratigraphieally these localities belong to the Panchet group.

2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;South Hewah and Sohdgpur.—Under this title a very large portion of thenbsp;great Gondwana basin of the Son has hitherto been described {see Manual, Geologynbsp;of India, pp. 199-204). The names indicated the two areas where the lower (coalbearing) groups are exposed, on the north-eastern and the southern margins of thenbsp;basin. Since the early explorations the Sohagpur district has been transferred tonbsp;the Rewah State, so that it is now more truly South Rewah than is the area sonbsp;designated; for this latter we may therefore substitute the name Go^at coal-fields.

I’LOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

from the large tributary of the Son which drains that part of the ground. A survey of the whole basin has recently been undertaken by Mr. Hughes; there are severalnbsp;fossils amongst our older collections brought by Mr. J. G. Medlicott and Mr. Hacket;nbsp;lately a good number of fossils were sent by Mr. Hughes. No horizons werenbsp;indicated with the former fossils, but I think they come from a horizon representingnbsp;the Raniganj group, as Mr. Hughes’ fossils do.

a. Gopat coal-fields.—There is a collection of plants labelled “ South Eewah, J. G. Medlicott, 1861,” without any further indication of locality. The fossils arenbsp;in a soft, light greenish-grey or reddish-grey shale, very much like that I shallnbsp;mention hereafter from the Bijori horizon of the Satpura basin, and are—

FeHehraria indica, Royle—the branched form.

Stems (? Sckizoneura).

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Nöggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm.—very numerous (PI. XLV J, figs. 1-5). (Comp. Rhip-tozamites, Sehmalh.).

ToUzia lieterophylla,'amp;gi. (PI. XLVII^, figs. 19, 20).

Small seeds, probably of FoUzia.

Another collection of fossils is labelled, “ Sent by Mr. Medlicott, 1861.” There is little doubt that these also are from South Eewah, hut there is no further indicationnbsp;as to any particular locality. The fossils are preserved in a dark grey sandy shale.nbsp;They are only few—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.—a variety with very narrow and straight veins, PI. XXIX A, figs. 5-9.

Nöggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm,

If we consider these fossils as a whole, and compare them with other floras within the Damuda series, we shall perhaps do best to range them with the representatives of the Raniganj group in the neighbourhood of Bijori, Nagpur, andnbsp;elsewhere.

h. Recent collection from South Rewah.—While this paper was going through the press, Mr. Hughes, who is now engaged upon a regular survey of the Southnbsp;Eewah coal-field, has sent in a good number of fossils. To complete the above list,nbsp;I name those belonging to the Lower Gondwanas ; they are from several localities,nbsp;and to avoid repetition, a collective list may be sufficient here :—

Sckizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.: Bajbai, 2 miles east of Gopat river; Mahan river, near Minarra; between Minarra and Gajar; Chanduidol.

Phyllotheca, sp.; Mahan river, between Minarra and Gajar.

Fertehraria indica, Royle; Bajbai, 2 miles east of Gopat river; Mahan river, near Tansar. Many nice specimens are in this collection.

Alethopteris covcr^. Whitljyensis,G.'ó^^.-. Mahan river near Minarra; between Minarra and Gajar.

Angiopteridium comp. McClellandi, O. M.; Mahan river, between Minarra and Gajar.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Glossopteris commmis, Fstm.: Bajbai, 2 miles east o£ Gopat river; Mahan river near Minarra; between Minarra and Gajar.

Glossopteris indica, Schimp. : Bajbaij 2 miles east of Gopat river; Mahan river near Minarra.

Gl. retifera, Fstm. : Mahan river near Minarra.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.: Bajbaij 2 miles east of Gopat river ; Mahan river near Minarra ; between Minarra and Gajar.

Glossopt. formosa, n. sp. Chanduidol.

Glossopteris, sp. From river running between Parasi and Kunjwar (nearly opposite (west of) Parasi.)

There is no doubt that these fossils belong to the Raniganj group proper, and they support the suggestion made above about the horizon of the fossils of the oldernbsp;collections. Even the shale agrees completely with that of the Raniganj group,nbsp;in the Raniganj field. (See also Rec. G. S. I., Vol. XIII, pt. 3.)

c. SoMgpur coal-fields.—There is a collection of fossils in our Museum, labelled “ Sohagpm’, J. G. Medlicott, 1861,” without other reference; they arenbsp;preserved in a light yellowish-reddish sandy shale, and are—

Vertehraria indica, Royle—the more branched form, as known from Kamthi {pee further), and also a section (PI. XIV A his, fig. 3).

Gl. communis, Fstm.

Gl. hrowniana, Bgt. (PI. XL^, fig, 5).

Gl. damucUca, n. sp. (PI. XL4,fig. 6). Rare.

We have another collection from this field, made by Mr. Hacket (1872), with which the following locality is given: “ Son river, west of Garara.” The fossils arenbsp;preserved in a dark greenish-grey micaceous sandy shale, and are—

f ertehraria indica, Royle.

Macrotmniopteris feddeni, Fstm.—a form known also from Nagpur.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Dictyopteridium, sp ? (PI. XLII^, fig. 5).

5. Bisrampur coal-field.—In Mr. Ball’s survey of this coal-field ^ he distinguishes of the Damuda series the Barakar group only. Fossils were rather rare, and they are only mentioned from one locality. On pp. 35-36 {1. c.) Mr. Ball describesnbsp;a seam in the Galphula river, near Bilaro, in the shales of which there were foundnbsp;Glossopteris sp. and other plant-remains which I could not, however, identify innbsp;our collections.

4. Raigarh-Hingir coal-field.—In this coal-field, Mr. Ball ^ distinguished of the Damuda series the Barakar group, in which no fossils were observed, and thennbsp;another group, above the Barakars, which he at first called “ upper sandstones ”nbsp;or “Hingir group.” In this some fossils were found in highly ferruginousnbsp;shales; I gave a preliminary list of the same (Mr. Ball’s paper 1. c., p. 115).nbsp;Later Mr. Ball brought some more fossils from the same horizon, and the re-

‘ Rec. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. VI, pp. 25-41.

- Eec. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. VIII, pp. 102-121 (a short note was given 1. c., Vol. IV, pp. 101-107).

D

FLOEA OF THE HAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

examination of the whole collection led to the conclusion, that the “ Hingir group ” can well he correlated with some other groups of the Damudas, already known,nbsp;especially with the “ Kamthis.”^ The fossils are —

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. Garjan hill, Hingir.

Tertebraria indica, Koyle, both the branched (Kamfhi) and common (Raniganj) form. Garjaii hill, Hingir j Girundla; Kodaloi, and on the Bilpahari.

Sphenopteris comp, polyrnorpha, Fstm. Garjan hill.

Glossopteris conmwiis, Fstm. Garjan hill.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;indica, Schimp. Ibid.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;hrowniana, Bgt, Ibid.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;damudiea, n. sp. Ibid.

These fossils, considered by themselves, without reference to the rocks in which they are preserved, must be taken in the first place as fossils of the Eaniganj group.nbsp;As regards the rock in which they are preserved, I think it has rather more resemblance to the “ iron shales” than to Mahddeva shales or any rocks of the “ Kam-this,” so that a correlation of the “ Hingir group ” directly with the Eaniganj groupnbsp;would appear more appropriate.

B. Talchir coal-field.—This is the coal-field which was first regularly surveyed and described by the Geological Survey. We find the report on the same in thenbsp;first volume of the Memoirs of the Geological Survey^ In this report the namesnbsp;of the groups, Mahadeva, Damuda, and Talchir, were at first introduced. Thenbsp;Damudas were at that time not further sub-divided. In the Manual of the Geologynbsp;of India (p. 212) the Damuda series is described as consisting of the Barakars andnbsp;Kamthis, and it is in the former that numerous fossils were found. They werenbsp;found at two localities (see the mentioned report, 1. c., pp. 56 and 59); {a) in thenbsp;nala west of Gopalprasad, in ferruginous clay, imbedded in carbonaceous shales,nbsp;and {b) at Talchir, in sandy shale of light colour, overlying the carbonaceous beds.

The fossils are—

Vertebraria indica, Boyle. Talchir and Gopalprasad.

Trizygia speciosa, Boyle. Pis. HIA, figs. 2, 9, XII^, fig. 2. Gopalprasad.

Cyatliea comp. tcJdhatcheffi, Sehmalh. PL AVI.!, figs. 1, 2, 4. Talchir.

Glossopteris indica, Schimp. PI. XXIX^, fig. 7. Gopalprasad.

Gl. communis, Fstm. Gopalprasad and Talchir. PI. XXXVIII.f, fig. 2.

Gl. intermedia, n. sp. PI. XXIX4, figs. 1, 2. Gopalprasad.

Gl. damudiea, n. sp. Gopalprasad. Pis. XXVJ, fig. 4, XXX.4, fig. 2.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt. Gopalprasad.

Bietyoptendium ? sporiferum, n. sp. PI. XXIII.i, figs. 3, 4, 5. Talchir and Gopalprasad.

Of interest amongst these fossils is the rather numerous occurrence of Trizygia ; and the occurrence of a fern which I at first referred to my Sphenopt. polyrnorphanbsp;of the Eaniganj group, but which now has to be referred to what at first was

* Ball; Kec. Geol. Surv., India, Yol. X. p. 171.

quot; On the geological structure and relations of the Talchir coal-field by Messrs. W. T. and H. P. Blanford and W. Theobald, IScO; Mem. Geol. Snrv., India, Yol. 1, pp. 33—88.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

described by Göppert as Sphenopteris anthrisclfolia^, but wbat recently Prof. Schmalbausen. described as Cyafhea tchihatcheffi ^ from tlie Kusnezk basin in tbenbsp;Altai, the flora of which is a jurassic flora, and has many relations to our Damudanbsp;flora, as I shall point out hereafter.

E.—Satpura Region.

I. Satpura basin,—Besides several previous papers on this ground, the most recent report on the Satpura basin is that by Mr. H. B. Medlicott,® in which, besidesnbsp;several groups of the Upper Gondwanas, also several groups in the Lower Gond-wdnas are distinguished. It is true that also in the original report^ on this areanbsp;by Mr. J. G. Medlicott two groups of “Damudas ” were distinguished as “Lower ”nbsp;and “ Upper Damudas.” But this latter was subsequently replaced by the namenbsp;of Jabalpur group, as its flora differed widely from that of the “Upper Damudanbsp;group ” (Raniganj group) distinguished in the Raniganj field.

We shall therefore keep to Mr. H. B. Medlicott’s report, and as the Jabalpur group and Mahadevas (Denwa, Bagra, and Pachmari groups) belong to the Uppernbsp;Gondwanas, we shall have to deal with the lower groups only. I shall proceed innbsp;ascending order.

i. TalcMr division.—The Talchir group of this basin was not found fossilifer-ous, but in the Mohpani coal-field (in the north-east) and in the Shahpur coal-field (in the south-west) fossils were observed which seem to correlate the beds innbsp;which they occur, with the Karharbari beds of the Talchir division. I pointed tonbsp;these relations in my Talchir-Karharbari flora.® About the Mohpani fossils beingnbsp;of the Karharbari type, I think there is no doubt, and I shall enumerate them onlynbsp;in the general table at end of this chapter; but the Shahpur fossils are not sonbsp;numerous, and it will be well to mention them here again with the Barakar fossils.

I have, however, to mention here one Mohpani species, which I omitted to figure in my previous publication, i. e.—

Nöggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm.,

and tbe figures of it given hereafter in the supplemental plates will help to complete the observation on the genus Nöggerathiopsis, Fstm., in its relations to Rliip-tozamites, Schmalh.

5. Damuda division.—In this division three groups are distinguished, and a fourth indicated : the Barakar group, Motur horizon, Bijori horizon, and Aimed beds.nbsp;Two only of these were found fossiliferous, and by fixing their horizon from thenbsp;fossils, the position of the others may approximately be determined.

' Göi)pert, in Tchihatcheff, Voy. dans 1’ Altai orient., 1845, p. 387, Tab. 28, 29.

quot; Beitv. z. Jurafl. Russlands, 1879; Mem. de 1’ Acad. Imper. de St. Petersbourg, VII Ser., Vol. XXVII, No. 4, p- 24, especially PI. II, figs. 1, 2—5.

’ Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. X.

* Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. II.

^ 1879, Pal. Ind„ Ser. XII, 1.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

a. Bardkar group.—Formerly the Mohpani coal-beds also were included in this group, hut as I mentioned above they may better now be classed with thenbsp;Karharbari beds. We have therefore at present to include here only the plantsnbsp;from the Shahpur coal-field and from the Pench valley. I have given a short notenbsp;of the former in 1879 S where I also mentioned that at one or two localities theynbsp;seem to indicate the presence of Karharbari beds. I observed fossils at fournbsp;localities. I enumerate the fossils collectively—

Fertehraria indica, Boyle. Mardanpur outcrops.

Equisetaceom stalks (Schizoneura?). Kotmi section; Dolari outcrops.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. Kotmi section.

Glossopteris sp. Dolamp;i outcrops.

Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Fstm. Kotmi and Dolari outcrops.

From this fossil, which is* so very frequent in the Karharbari beds, both in the Karharbari and Mohpani fields, I supposed that the beds at these localities also may represent the Karharbari beds.

NöggeratJiiopsis hislopi, Fstm. Kotmi section ; Suki outcrops; Dolari outcrops.

For the present these fossils may be correlated with those of the Barakars elsewhere.

In an eastern continuation, the coal-beds are again met with in the Pench valley, in the vicinity of Umrét, near the village Barkoi. There are severalnbsp;specimens from this place and from Bhuwan in our collections ; but we must firstnbsp;mention some that were previously noticed. In his note on the geology of somenbsp;parts of Central India, Lieutenant Sankey ^ mentions the following genera fromnbsp;near Barkoi—

Phyllotheca.

Fertehraria.

SpJienopteris.

Pecopteris.

Glossopteris.

In a subsequent note on the same subject by the Rev. Mr. Hislop® the following genera are mentioned—

Phyllotheca.

Fertehraria.

Glossopteris.

Cyclopteris.*^

No species were named.

* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eeo. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. XII, pp. 79, 80.

“ Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. X (18.54), p. 55.

^ Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 557.

* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This is what we now know as Nöggerathiopsis.

TLOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 17

The specimens in our Museum represent—

Vertebraria indica, Koyle. Barkoi.

Equisetaceous stem. (Probably Mr. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;s Ehyllotheca). Barkoi.

Glossopteris communis, Pstm. Barkoi.

01. indica, Schimp. Barkoi and Bhuwan.

Noggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm. PL XLVI^, figs. 3^ 4. Barkoi.

The fossils are preserved in a black ferruginous shale, resembling that from the Barakars in the Talchir coal-field, and there is no objection to consider thesenbsp;beds as Barakars.

h. Motur horizon.—In this horizon, succeeding the Barakars, no fossils have been found as yet, and the correlation with other horizons is therefore somewhat precarious. But from the intermediate position between the Barakars and the nextnbsp;group, the Bijori horizon, which most likely represents the Kamthi-Eaniganjnbsp;group, we may consider it as probably representing the ironstone-shales in thenbsp;eastern coal-fields.

c. Bijori horizon.—These beds, which overlie the Motur horizon, are fossili-ferous, and take their name from Bijori near the foot of the Pachmari hills on the south, at which locality a portion of a Labyrinthodont reptile was found. Plantsnbsp;are known from two localities, from near Barikondam, and further to the west fromnbsp;near Harapala (between Borighat and this place); at both these localities I havenbsp;collected a good number of specimens, and there were a few from the former localitynbsp;already in our collections. I gave a short note of these fossils in 1879.^

The fossils known at present from this horizon are—

ANIMALS.

Archegosaurus ? sp. Bijori. Skull and a portion of the vertebral column.

PLANTS.

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. From Barikondam, PI. 111^4, fig. 4, and between Rorighat and Harapala.

Vertebraria indica, Royle. The branched form. Between Rorighat and Harapala.

Trizygia speciosa, Royle. Denwa nadi, Pachmari.^

Bichsonia, sp. Barikondam. (PI. XXIII^, figs. 11, 13).

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. Barikondam.

Gl. damudica, Fstm. Barikondam.

Gl. retifera, Fstm. Barikondam.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt. Barikondam, and between Rorighat and Harapala.

Gangamopteris, Small, rounded leaf. Barikondam. (PI. XXXIX J, figs. 9, 9a.) Samaropsis comp, parvula. Heer. Barikondam. (PI. XLVII^, figs. 9, 10.)

^ Eec. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. XII, pp. 76—79.

* This is the locality ¦written on the label on the specimen.

FLORA OF THE DAMHDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

If we compare these fossils with those of other groups mentioned in the foregoing pages, we shall find the greatest relation with the fossils from the Raniganj group, and we may therefore consider this Bijori horizon as local representative innbsp;the Satpura basin of the Raniganj group, with which also another group, thenbsp;Kamthi group, will have to he correlated.

Almod beds.—In his description of the Bijori horizon {l.c., p. 27), Mr. Medlicott indicated the existence also of some higher beds (between the Bijori horizon andnbsp;the Pachmari sandstone) near Almod and Rorighat as Almod beds; I saw thesenbsp;beds at Almod and again further east immediately below the Pachmari sandstone.nbsp;No distinct fossils have been found as yet, but lithologically these beds differ somewhat from the plant-bearing shales of the Bijori horizon, and it is quite probablenbsp;that these beds represent the Panchet rocks of other fields.

F.—Godavaei Region.

I. Neighbourhood of Nagpur.—On this district we have several important papers by the Rev. Mr. Hislop, published in the Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., Londonnbsp;(Vols. XI, pp. 68, 656, XVI, p. 151, XVII, p. 346, etc.,) and in other Journals;nbsp;the most recent paper, however, is by Mr. W. T. Blanford.^ There is also a papernbsp;by Sir Ch. Bunbury on plants from Nagpur.^

Of the Gondwana rocks we find in this district the Talohir group, and a higher group of the Damuda series, which Mr. Blanford {l.c., pp. 11,31, etc.) called Kamthinbsp;group.

As the Talchir group is here unfossiliferous, and the Barakar group is not exposed, I shall at once enumerate the fossils of the—

a. Kamthi group.—The position and correlation of this group is discussed by Mr. Blanford in his paper {l.c., pp. 31—36), and the conclusion at which he arrivednbsp;is (p. 36) that “ it is far from improbable that they (the Kamthi beds) represent,nbsp;in part at least, the Raniganj group of the Damudas, or they may be intermediatenbsp;in age between the Damudas and Panchets.”

In the general table in the Manual, Geology of India (p. 108), the Kamthis in the Godavari district are represented as equivalent of the Iron shales (Motur),nbsp;Raniganj (Bijori horizon), and Panchets (Almod beds) of the other fields. In fact,nbsp;the Kamthi beds contain plant fossils of real Damuda type, and may safely benbsp;taken as representing the Raniganj group (with the equivalents in the Satpuranbsp;basin. South Rewah, and Raigarh-Hingir field).

We have, as mentioned above, a paper on some plants of Nagpur by Sir Ch. Bunbury, others are in our collections. I shall enumerate them together, omitting some of Sir Ch. Bunbury’s doubtful forms.

* Mem. Geol, Surv., India, Vol. IX, p, 295 et seq.

^ Quar. Jour, Geol. Soc., London, Vol. XVII, with plates.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 19 The localities from which we know fossils are—¦

Kamtlii (Bunb. and our coll.), about 8 miles north-east of Nagpur.

Silewada (Bunb. and our coll.), about 10 miles north of Nagpur.

Bbaratwada (Bunb. and our coll.), about 8 miles north-west of Nagpur.

Tondakberi (Bunb.), about 14 miles north-west of Nagpur.

Chicholi (our coll.), about 12 miles north-north-west of Nagpur.

Chorkheri (our coll.), about 36 miles north-west of Nagpur.

In the memoir referred to, Mr. W. T. Blanford also noticed several of these localities as plant-hearing, but besides these also Bokhara, about 6 miles north ofnbsp;Nagpur, where Fhyllotheca was observed.

In enumerating now the plants collectively, I shall quote only the figures of my paper, while Sir Bunbury’s figures will be duly noticed in the text—

Fhyllotheca indica, Bunb. (PI. XITrt, figs. 3—5, 7—9). Bharatwada, Bokhm-a, Chicholi. Vertebraria indica, Boyle. Both the common and the more branched form. Kamthi, Tonda-kheri.

Pecojoteris and Cladophlebis, Bunb. Kamthi.

Glossopteris communis, ¥sim. With fructification. PI. XXVIi, figs. 1, 4; XXVIIi, fig. 1; XXXVII^, fig. 3. Silewada.

Gl. indica. Schimp. Pructif. Pis. XXVI4, fig. 3; XXVIIrt, figs. 3, 5. Silewada, Chicholi hill, Chorkheri.

Gl. browniana, Bgt. FmctiL Pis. XXVIrt, fig. 2; XXVIIA, fig. 2. SilewMa (Bharatwada.) Gl. damudica, Fstm. From Kamthi.

Glossopt. stricta, Bunb. PI. XXXVIIrt, figs. 1, 2. Kamthi, Silewada.

Glossopt. musecfolia, Bunb. Kamthi, Silew'ada. (This species appears to be doubtful).

Glossopt. leptoneura, Bunb. Kamthi.

Gangamopteris Imgliesi, Fstm. PI. XLIIU, figs. 6—8. Kamthi.

Angiopteridium comp. McClellandi, Oldh. PI. XXIrt, figs. 4—7. Kamthi. (To this has, I think, also Sir Bunbury’s Taniopteris dmmoides, McClell., to be referred).

Macrotceniopteris danmoides, Boyle., sp. Kamthi; the typical form.

Macrotmniopt. feddeni,Fstm. Pis. XXIjI, fig. 3; XXII^i. Kamthi.

Nöggerathiopsis hislopi, Fsim. Bunb. sp.; Bharatwada (PI. XLVrt, figs. 6, 8). Silewada (PI.

XLVrt, fig. 7); Kamthi (Pis. XLVrt, fig. 9, XLVII.4, figs. 1—3) ; Chorkheri. NöggeratJiiopsis, sp. Fragments of leaves, with strong veins. Kamthi.

Seeds (of ? Nöggerathiopsis). Bharatwada.

This is the list of fossils from the original Kamthi group in the Nagpur district, and we shall fix now the horizon, so as to be able to refer to it when naming thenbsp;fossils of this group in the other districts. A comparison of this list with thenbsp;previous ones will show that there is the greatest coincidence with the fossils fromnbsp;the Raniganj group. We have the real Fhyllotheca {indica), Gl. communis, andnbsp;Gl. indica numerous, Gl. damudica rarer, the true Macrot. danceoides, Gl. leptoneura, which represents the Gl. angustifolia.

We miss, it is true, Schizoneura and Trizygia. But Trizygia was not found also in several other fields, in the true Raniganj group (for instance, Jharia coal-field

ELORA OE THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

and Bokaro coal-field). As to Schizoneura, the case stands differently. We know that it generally occurs in the Baniganj group, hut we know as well that it was alsonbsp;found in the higher Damuda rocks of the Ptaigarh and Hingir coal-field, which were atnbsp;first distinguished as Hingir group, hut later^ (1877) and recently^ (1879) correlatednbsp;with the Kamthi group, specially from the lithological point of view; hut from anbsp;palaeontological point of view these Hingir beds represent, as already mentioned, thenbsp;Baniganj group, and through these Hingir (Baniganj) beds, the Kamthi group,nbsp;although differing in lithological character, has to be considered as representativenbsp;at least of the Baniganj group (if not also of the Ironstone shales).

II. Wardha—Pranliita—Godavari basin.—Erom this great basin Lower Gond-wana fossils are so far known from the northern portion (Chanda coal-field) and the south-eastern portion, while from the central portion we know fossils from thenbsp;Upper Gondwanas (Kota-Maleri beds) only.

1. Chanda coal-field.—OnVhis ground there is a detailed report by Mr. Hughes, 1877.® Of the Lower Gondwana rocks the Talchir, Barakar, and Kamthi beds arenbsp;distinguished. Erom the first two, no fossils were procured.

Kamthi group.—The fossils are not many. Mr. Hughes has enumerated most of them in his Memoir, p. 69, et seq. The localities are—

Mangli, about 36 miles north-west of Chanda, and about 11 miles north of Warora.

Kawarsa, about 16 miles west of Chanda, and about 12 miles south-east of Wun.

Isapur, about 4 miles south-south-east of Chanda.

Charwat, about 3 miles south of Chanda.

Anur, abont 32 miles south-south-east of Chanda, near Antargaon on the Wardha river.

Porsa, Wardha valley, about 36 miles south-east of Chanda.

I shall diseuss the fossils from the localities separately—

Mangli and Kawarsa.—These are again localities where in the Lower Gondwanas animal remains were found; they are land and fresh-water animals; but at both localities also some plants were met with.

ANIMALS.

Brachyops laticeps, Ow. Prom Mangli.

Ganoid fish-scales. Mangli.

Estheria, two forms; one, the larger, described as Estheria mangaliensis, Jones.^ Prom Mangli.

The other one is smaller, but it is quite possible that it is of the same species. Mangli. Estheria, sp., Kawarsa. I think this is identical with the smaller variety from Mangli, andnbsp;probably the same as the form in the Panchets of Bengal.

‘ Eec. Geol. Suit., India, Vol. X, p. 176.

^ Manual, Geol. India, p. 128.

^ Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. XIII.

See Eupert Jones: Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. XIX, p. 149.

FLORA OF THE HAMUDA AND FANCHET DIVISIONS.

PLANTS.

Vertebraria indica^ Royle. Kawarsa.

Equisetaceons stems. Fragmentaiy {Ehyllotheca or Schizoneura). Kawarsa.

Glossopteris. Very fragmentary^ but three forms can be distinguished as—

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt. Gl. communis, Fstm.^ and Gl. damudica. Kawarsa.

Fernstem or Rhizome. Mangli.

Coniferous stem. Mangli. PI. XLVII^^. That this cannot be a Knorria may easily be recognised from Sir Ch. Bunbury’s drawing. I shall mention it again further on in the text.

From the occurrence of EstJieria, from the condition in which the plants are preserved, and from the lithological character, I thought that it might be possiblenbsp;to correlate the beds at these two localities with the Panchets in Bengal. But asnbsp;Messrs. Th. Hughes and W. T. Blanford include them both in the Kamthis, Inbsp;adopt for the present this classification, as altogether these two groups (Panchet andnbsp;Kamthi-Raniganj group) are in close relation.

The fossils from Mangli are in a thin laminated red shale, with brownish-yellow markings where the fossils are preserved; the Kawarsa fossils are in a soft, lightnbsp;yellowish and greenish-gi’ey, argillaceous shale, and are very fragmentary.

Isdpiir and Anur.—The fossils, from these two localities are preserved in a reddish and white, hard shaly sandstone. They are only plants—

Equisetaceons stem. Anur.

Glossopteris communis, Ystm. Isapur (PI. XXXVIIA, fig. 4, PL XXXVIIIA, figs. 1—3), and Anur.

Glossopt. angustfolia, Bgt. Amir.

Gl. hrowniana, Bgt. Isapur and Anur.

Gl. indica, Scbimp. Isapur (PL XXVA, figs. I, 2).

Eterophjllum, sp., Anfir. There are some fragments of leaflets, which appear to belong to this

Cliarwat.—Some plant fragments were found at this locality in a soft, brownish (ferruginous) sandstone. I at first thought that this rock resembled very muchnbsp;the Gollapili sandstone (Rajmahal beds, near Ellore), and was inclined to considernbsp;these sandstones at Charwat as representatives of the Rajmahal group. But afternbsp;a re-examination of the fossils, it appears to me, that some of the fragments representnbsp;Glossopteris, which would be more in favor of this locality, belonging also to thenbsp;Kamthi group. The fossils are, however, altogether very scanty—

Glossopteris, sp.

Some radiately striated forms, which I thought may belong to Actinopteris.

Seeds, similar to some, observed at Bharatwada, in the N agpur district. They are rather numerous, and it is impossible to determine them, as there is no plant to which they might be referred.

Eorsa.—From here some fragmentary fossils were sent in (1879) by Mr. King, preserved in a reddish-white tough shale. These are—

Equisetaceons stems (Eliylloiheca or Schizoneura).

Glossopteris comm,unis, Fstm.

Gl. indica. Schimp,

r

PLOIIA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

2. South-eastern extension.—Erom this region there are fossils from two localities in onr collections, which were collected partly by Mr. King and partlynbsp;hy Mr. W. T. Blanford, by both of whom we also have papers on this ground.nbsp;Only the Kamthi group was found fossiliferous.

The two localities are—

Sadgudiam, 16 miles north of Ellore.

Kunlaeheru, north of Ellore.

The fossils are—

Vertehraria indica, Royle. Kunlaeheru (PI. XlII^, figs. 5, 6) ; Sadgudiam.

Aletkopteris, sp. Kunlaeheru.

Olossopferis communis, Fstm. Kunlaeheru.

Glossopt, indica, Schimp. Kunlaeheru.

Sagenojiteris, sp. (PI. XLId, fig. 8, PI. XLII..4, figs. 1, 3). Kunlaeheru.

Anthrophyopsis, sp. (PI. XLU, fig. 5.) Kunlaeheru.

Rhipidopsis, sp. (PI. XLVI4, figs. 1, 2, p. ). Kunlaeheru. This last is a genus occurring in the Jura of Russia, to which our species appears closely related.

A third locality, where fossils were met with, is mentioned hy Mr. W. T. Blanford in Bee. Geol. Surv., India, vol. V, p. 26; it is—

Somavaram, about 20 miles north-west of Ellore—and the fossils found were Glossoptens sp.

G.—Sikkim Damudas.

All the basins and localities of Lower Gondwanas, mentioned in the fores'oino-pages, lie within the peninsular area of India: the only spot where Lower Gondwanas are found in the extra peninsular area is in Sikkim. But the fossils are only very few. We have a report on these beds by Mr, Mallet^ where alsonbsp;the fossils are mentioned; the first notice of these fossils was by Dr. Hooker innbsp;his Himalayan Journals^; he mentions—

Fern-leaves, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Trizygia.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Vertehraria.

The Trizygia has, however, not been met udth again; hut accepting the observation as correct, and including the fossils in our museum, we have the following fossils:—

Fquisetaceous stems, FhyllotJieca ? ScMzoneura ? Museum.

Vertehraria indica, Royle. Museum and Dr. HookeEs observation.

Trizygia {speciosa, Royle). Dr. Hooker's observation.

Glossopteris ? indica, Schimp. Museum.

Ï Eec. Geol. Surv., India, Vols. IV, pp. 49,69, 82, 107; V, pp. 23, 112; VI, p. 57; VU. p. 159; X, p, 55. and also Manual, Geology of India.

^ Mem. Geol. Surv., India, Vol. XI.

3 Vol. I, p. 402.

PLOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

It is ratlièr difficult to decide from these fossils to which group of the Damudas they belong, for the Trizygia speciosa is not a fossil of the Eaniganj group only;nbsp;on the contrary, it has been also found equally numerous in the Barakars; it cannotnbsp;therefore be adduced as the evidence of these beds belonging to the Baniganj group.nbsp;The fossils indicate the Barakar group as well as the Baniganj group. Mr. Malletnbsp;places them with the Baniganj group, in which I do not see any objection to follownbsp;him.

This is the state of our knowledge of fossils in the Lower Gondwanas at present; it is, however, hoped that further researches will increase this our knowledge, asnbsp;always some of the officers of the Geological Survey are employed in exploringnbsp;the Gondwana deposits. At present Mr. Hughes is employed in South Bewah, andnbsp;his researches will certainly prove most valuable, not only for the geology, hut alsonbsp;for the palseontology of that district, as already shown by his collection of fossilsnbsp;mentioned above. (See also Bee. G. S. I., Vol. XIII, Pt. 3.)

With regard to the several groups mentioned in the foregoing pages and also in my previous paper on the Talchir-Karharbari flora, we can adopt the following list ofnbsp;equivalent groups (as identified by their fossils) with reference to the Bengalnbsp;standard list: (order ascending)—

I. Talchie Division

-r, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;T,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;) Iron sbales=Probably Motur horizon, Satpnra.

II. Damuda Division ... -s . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

I Baniganj group = Hingir-Kamthis; Bijori horizon, Satpura basin ; Kamthis of

V. IS'agpur and S. Godavari.

Panchet group = Probably the Almod beds of the Satpura basin.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE COAL-EIELDS AND ABEAS EBGM WHICH LOWEB GONDWANA FOSSILS ABE KNOWN, WITH THEnbsp;LOCALITIES AT WHICH THEY WEBE FOUND.'

Aubanga coal-field, in the Palamow area.

1878. Ball; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. I.

1880. Peistmantel: Bee. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pt. 1, p. 65.

Localities.—Murup, west of—Barakar group; fossils collected by Mr. Griesbach.

Panripura, south-east of—near Latiahar, horizon doubtful; fossils collected by Mr. Ball.

’ The fossils of each locality will be found in the alphabetical list of the localities. (See further on). At most of the localities plants only were found, and they are here therefore not specially marked. The occurrence of animals, however, is noticed at the respective locality.

24 FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS, Biseamptjr coal-field, Son region.

1873. V. Ball: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VI, pp. 25-41.

Locality.—^Galpliula river, near Belaro; BaraLar group.

Bokako coal-field, Damuda valley region.

1867. T. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VI, pp. 39-108. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'¦gt;

Localities.—Hurdeeamo, south-west of Sarun ; Raniganj group.

Layeo, section near ;—Barakar group.

Bbahmani coal-field.—Eee Rajmahal hills.

Gopicandar area, Hera coal-field.—Bee Rajmahal hills.

Jharia coal-field, Damuda valley region.

1866. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. V.

1877. Feistinantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol, X, p. 198.

Raniganj and Barakar group; the localities are not specified : fossils mentioned on pages 313 and 311 respectively.

Talchir group fossils occurred in the Boosjooreea river {see 1. c., p. 243). Karanpura coal-field, Damuda valley region.

1871. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII, pt. 3, p. 269.

1879. Feistmantel: Talchir-Karharhari flora. Pal. Ind., Series XII—1, p. 2.

Locality.—Below the junction of the Lurunga and Tordag streams. Talchir fossils.

Karaun field (Jainti coal-field), Deoghur district.

1863. Blanlord: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. Ill, p. 38.

1870. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII, pt. 2.

1879. Feistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 1, 2.

Locality.—KumaF, Parganah Saruth-Deoghur (on the original labels of the sjiecimens).

Talchir fossils plants and insect wing.

Karharbari coal-field, Karharhari region.

1870. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII, pt. 2.

1877. Feistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 196.

1879. Feistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1.

' I am not certain about the position of this locality. On Mr. Hughes’ map, (1. e.), there is a Khumar marked about 7 miles north-east of Karaun, hut out of the field altogether; there is, however, Khumarhad, about 9 miles,nbsp;north-west of Karaun, within the Talchirs; this would correspond better, I think.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

1870. Medlioott (H. B.): Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. Ill, pt. 3 (and subsequent papers).

1879. Feistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XII, p. 74.

1879. Id. Pal. Ind., Ser. XII, pt. 1, p. 4, 47.

Locality.—That of the field, Karharbari beds.

NIgpuk aeea, Goddvari region.

1855. Hislop and Hunter: Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo., Vol. XI, pp. 58, 565.

1863. Hislop: Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo., Vol. XVII, p. 3415 et seq.

1862. Bunbury (Sir Ch.): Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo., Vol. XVI—Plants.

1872. Blanford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IX, pt. 3.

Localities.—Bharatwada, Bokhara, Chicholi, Chorkheri, Kamthi, Silewada, Tondakheri.—Kamthi (Raniganj) group.

Bench valley.—See Satpura basin.

Raigaeh and Hingie coal-field.—Brahmani region,

1871. Ball: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VI, pp. 101—107; id. 1875 : Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, pp. 102—121; ic{. 1877 : Eec. Geol. Surv, India, Vol. X, p. 171.

Localities.—On the Bilpahari; Garjan hills; Girundla; Kodaloi. Kdmthi (Rani-ganj) group.

Rajmahal hills, Rajmahal area.

1877. Ball (V.): Geology of the Eajmahal hills; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pt.2.

Localities.—

SBurgo (Pachwara coal-field), Barakar group.

Mussiiiia (Brahmani coal-field), „ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„

Ramgarh „ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„

IDubrajpur (Gopicandar area), Raniganj group (?)

^¦^Louundia (Hura coal-field), ,, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(?)

Ramkola coal-fields. Son region.

1880. Griesbach (C. L.) ; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV.

1880. Feistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII.

26 ELORA OE THE DAMtiDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. Localities.—

Chumraj west of— nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;... Barakar group.

Dhonda, west of—

Ledho nala, near Karamdiha Mahan river and Majurdakinbsp;Mitgain^ west of—Sendur rivernbsp;Reontij west of—

Sendur river (Mitgain) ...

Suidud nalaj 1^ mile north of Bheria Suknai nala, north of Sarseranbsp;Tamor hill—See Majurdakinbsp;I'Banki nala, between Chumra and Gidhi ...

Budatand, nala at—

Chumra and Gidhi, between—See Banki nala Ghui, south of—

Gidhi and Chumra, between—See Banki nala Gouri and Ghui, nala between—

Karamdiha, near—

Lan jit, near—

Ledho nala, near Karamdiha ...

Mahan nala and Tamor hill, between—

Meguli, • north of—

Nowadih, south of— r Ledho nala, near Karamdiha ...

t.Narola, nala west of— nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„

Raniganj coal-pield.

1863. W. T. Blanford ; Report on the Raniganj coal-field : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. III. 1877. Reistmantel: Reo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, pp. 73-75.

Localities.—

ƒ Kumerdhuhi, near Barakar (. Nirsa, west of Barakar

Kulti, between Sitarampur and Barakar. Iron shales.

'Assensole, in the north-west and south-east branch of Nunia river Beldanga, south-east branch of Nunianbsp;Dadka, north-west branch of Nunianbsp;c. Khumm’pur, south-west branch of Nunianbsp;Mangalpurnbsp;Raniganjnbsp;Sitarampur

r Deoli, near—bank of Damuda river, south-west of Assensole. Panchet group. Animals ^ (.Maitur, south of—north-west branch of Nunia. Panchet group. Animals and plants.

Sahajori coal-eield.—Deogarh area, south-east of Karaun.

1870, Th. Hughes ; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII, p. 2.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Locality.—Not specified. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Barakar group.

Satpuka basin, Satpura region.

1854, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sankey (Lieut.); Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo., London, Vol. X, p. 55.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kev. Hislop : Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 357.

1860. J. G. Medlicott; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. II, pt. 2.

1870. H. B. Medlicott: Kec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IV, pt. 3. (Molipani.)

1873. H. B. Medlicott: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, pt. 1. (Satpura basin.) 1875. H. B. Medlicott: Bee. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII. (Shalipur coal-field.)nbsp;1879. Feistmantel: Bee. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XII. Fossils.

Localities.—

Mohpani (Molipani coal-field). Talchir division (Karliarbari beds).

Sbahpur coal-field, Barakar group.

b. -

^ Penck valley,

...1

•J

Shahpue, coal-field. See Satpura basin.

Sikkim Damudas.—Sikkim.

1854. Hooker : Himalayan Journals, Vol. I, p. 402.

1875. Mallet: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XI, pp. 2, 30.

Locality.—Pankabari. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(? Raniganj.)

South Godavabi district (Wardha—Pranhita—Godavari basin; south-east extension).

1871. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Blanford (W. T.): Bee. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IV.

1872. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Idem : Ibid., Vol. V.

1874. King (W.) ; Bee. Geol. Surv. India, Vol, VII, p. 158.

1877. Idem ; ibid., Vol. X.

Locality.— Sadgudiam, 16 miles north of Ell ore; Kunlacheru, north of Ellore; Somavaram, 20 miles north-west of EUore. Kamthi (Raniganj) group,

Sf)UTH Rewah (Gopat and Sohagpur coal-fields). Son region.—

1869, J. G. Medlicott : Mem. Geol. Surv, India, Vol. II, pt. 2.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Manual Geology of India, pp. 199-204.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mr. Hughes’ recent collection.

Localities.—

Sokagpur (Coll. J. G. Medlicott.)

Sone river, west of Garara (Mr. Hacket’s fossils) Soutk Rewak (generally) (Coll. J. G. Medlicott)

Talchir coal-ribld.—Mahanadi region.

1859. Mem. Geoi. Surv. India, Vol. I, pt. 1.

Localities.—

Talchir, sandy, light-coloured shales Gopalprasad, west of Talchir, ferruginous clay

Wardha valley coAL-riELD.—Chanda coal-field (Wardha—Pranhita—Godavari basin.)

1877. Th. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII.

Localities.—

Anfir, about 32 miles south-south-west of Chanda, nearquot;)

Antargaon nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;... 1

. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I

Charwat, about 8 miles south of Chanda ... nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;... ^ Kamthi (Raniganj) group.

Isapur, about 4 miles south-south-west of Chanda

Porsa, about 36 miles south-east of Chanda, Wardha valley^

Kawarsa, about 16 miles west nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ofnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Chandanbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;andnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;12nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;miles')

south-east of Wun nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;___ jnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kamthis (PPanehets). Plants and

Mangli, about 36 miles north-west of Chanda and about j”

11 miles north of Warora nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;...J

ALPHABETICAL LIST OP LOCALITIES AT WHICH LOWER GONDWANA POSSILS HAVE BEEN HITHERTO POUND,^ TOGETHER WITH THEnbsp;POSSILS IDENTIPIED AT EACH LOCALITY.

Anue, about 32 miles south-south-east of Chanda, near Antargaon, Wardha river. Central Provinces.

1877. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 70, 80.

Kamthi (Raniganj) group—

Hquisetaceous stems (?)

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gl. hrowniana, Bgt.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.

Pterophyllum, sp.

' I include also the localities and plants of the Talchir-Karharhavi beds. Those specimens which were figured are marked by the numbers of plates and figures placed opposite the names. The Roman numbers with an A appendednbsp;indicate the plates of the present Memoir, those without an A indicate the plates in the Talchir-Karharbari floranbsp;(Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, Pis. I—XXVII).

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Assensole, north.—(near Khumarpur) and south branch (near Beldanga) of. the Nunia river.

1877. Eeistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 75.

Raniganj group

ScMzoneura gondwanensis, Fstm., north branch.

Vertebraria indica, Royle, north and south branch.

Glosiopteris communis, Fstm., north branch.

Glossopteris conspicua, n. sp., north branch.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt., south branch.

Gl. orbicularis, n. sp., north branch.

Gangamopieris anthrophyaides, n. sp., south branch. PI. XXXIX^, fig. 8.

Assensole, Panchet group. See Deoli and Maitur.

Bajbai, 2 miles east of Gopat river, South Rewah coal-field.

1880. Fossils sent by Mr. Hughes.

Raniganj group—

ScMzoneura gondwanensis, 1'stm.

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gloss, indica. Schimp.

Gloss, angustifolia, Bgt.

Banki nala, between Chumra and Gidhi, Ramkola coal-fields; Sirgujah.

1880. Grieshach: Mem. Geol. Sur\r. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 34.

1880. Feistmantel; Reo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 67, 68.

Raniganj group—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gl. indica. Schimp.

Gl. retifera, n. sp.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.

Barikondam, upper Denwa valley, south of Pachmari, Satpura basin.

1879. Feistmantel: Reo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XII, p. 77.

Bijori horizon (Raniganj group)—

ScMzoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. (PI. III^, fig. 4).

Trizygia speeiosa, Royle.

Bkksonia, sp. PI. XXIII^, figs. 11, 12.

Gl. communis, Fstm.

Gl. retifera, Fstm.

Gl, damudica, Fstm.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.

Gangamopteris, sp. PI. XXXIX.4, fig. 9.

Samaropsis comp, parvula. Heer. PI. XLVII^, figs. 9 10.

30 FLORA OF THE HAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Barkoi, near Umrét, Damudas in the Pench valley, Satpura basin, Central Provinces.

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sankey (Lieut.): Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, Vol. X, p. 55.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eev. Hislop : Ihid., Vol. XI, p. 557.

Bardkars—

Vertebraria indiea, Royle.

Equketaceous stalks (Ehyllotheca ?)

Gl. communis, Fstm.

Gl. indiea, Schimp.

Nöggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm. (Bunb. sp.) PI. XLVU, figs. 3, 4.

Beldaxga, south-east portion of the Nunia river, south-east of Assensole.

1877. Feistmantel: Reo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 75.

Baniganj group. See Assensole.

Bharat WAD A, about 8 miles north-west of Nagpur, Central Provinces.

1855. Hislop and Hunter : Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo., London, Vol. XI, p. 370 et seq.

1861. Bunbury (Sir. Ch.) : Ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 325 et seq.

1872. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Blauford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Sury. India, Vol. IX, p. 307.

Kdmthi (Raniganj) group—

PhyllotJieca indiea, Bunb. PI. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;figs. 3—5, 7—9.

NoggeratMopsis hislopi, Bunb. sp. (Fstm.) PI. XltVA, figs. 6, 8.

Seeds.

Bhuwan, near Umret, Pench valley, Satpura basiuj Central Provinces.

Specimen in the Survey collections.

Bardkars—

Glossopteris indiea. Schimp.

Bijori, Satpura basin, south of Pachmari.

1864. Major Gowan: Jour. As. Soc., Bengal, XXXIII, pp. 336, 442.

1873. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Medlicott (H. B.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 159.

Bijori horizon—

Archegosavjms (?) sp. (?)

Bilpahari, in the Raigarh and Hingir coal-field.

1875. Ball (V.): Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 115.

Kdmthi (Raniganj) group—

Vertebraria indiea, Royle.

Bokhara, about 6 miles north of Nagpur, Central Provinces,

1855. Hislop and Hunter: Qnar. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, XI, p. 370.

1872. Blanford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IX, p. 308.

Kdmthi (Raniganj) group—

, Phyllotheca indiea, (Bunb,)

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 31

Boosjookeba mveb. See Jliaria coal-field, Talchirs.

Budatand, nala at—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujali.

1880. Griesbach; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 65.

1880. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 68.

Maniganj group—

Bcliizonema gondwanensis, Fstm.

Glossopteris angustif(jlia, Bgt.

Burgo, in the Pacliwara coal-field, Rajmahal hills.

1877. Ball (V.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 33.

Bardkar group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Macrotaniopteris danmoides, Royle. PI. XXI^, fig. 2.

Glossopteris communis^ Fstm.

Buriadi, shaft No. IIA (or No. 2, new). Karharharicoal-field.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peistmantel: Talchir-Karharbari flora. Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 36—45.

Karharbdri beds—

Neuropteris valida, Fstm. Pis. II—VI.

Glossopteris deeipiens, Fstm. PI. XVIII, figs. 3—5; PI. XXIV, fig. 6.

Gangamopteris cgclopteroides, Fstm. PI. XII, figs. 2, 3; PL XXVI, figs. 1—3.

„ var. subauriculata. PI. XIII, fig. 2; PI. XV, figs. I—3 ; PI. XV, fig. 3.

„ var. areolata, PL XVI, fig. 4.

„ var. atlenuata. PI. XII, fig. I; PI. XIV, figs. 1,2; PL XVI, fig. 5.

„ luriadica, Fstm. PL XVIII, figs. 1, 2.

„ major, Fstm. PL XIV, fig. 3; PL XVI, figs. I, 2.

Noggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm. PL XIX, figs. 2, 6 ; PL XX, fig. 1.

Ewryphgllum whittianum, Fstm. PL XXI, fig. 1.

Voltzia heterophylla, Bgt. Pis. XXII, XXIII, XXV.

Alhertia, sp. PI. XXVI, fig. 2; PL XXIV, fig. 3.

Samropsis, ep. PL XXIV, fig. 5.

Chanda. See Isdpur.

1877. Hughes, Wardha valley coal-field: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII.

Chandtjidol, South Rev^ah coal-field.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fossils sent by Mr. Hughes.

Raniganj group—

Schizonenra gondwanensis, Fstm.

Glossopteris formosa, n. sp.

Charwat, about 8 miles south of Chanda.

1877. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 69, 73.

32 FLORA OF THE HAMUDA ANH PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Kdmthi group (?)

Glossojjteris ? sp. ? (Fragments).

Seeds.

Peculiar radiated forms (which I at first determined as Actinopteris).

CfliCHOLi, hill about 12 miles north-north-west of Nagpur.

1872. Blanford (W, T.): Mem. Gfeol. Surv. India, Vol. IX, p. 309.

Kamthi (Raniganj) group—

Phyllotheea indica, Bunb.

Glossopieris indica, Schimp. (Our coll.)

Chorkhebi, about 36 miles north-west of Nagpur.

1855. Hislop and Hunter; Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, Vol. XI, p. 340.

1872. Blanford (W. T.); Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IX, p. 313.

Kamthi (Raniganj) group—

Glossopieris indica, Schimp.

NöggeratMopsis Jiislopi, Bunb. sp. (Fstm.)

Chumrx, west of— Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

1880. GriesbacE; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 37.

1880. Feistmantel: Kec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 66.

Barakdrs—

Glossopieris communis, Fstm.

Chbmra and Gidhi, between—Raniganj group, Ramkola coal-field. See Banki nala. Chunka, No. 16 (4) and No. 16 G. (6) shafts, lowest seam, Karharhari coal-field.

1879. Feistmantel: Fal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 37, 45.

Karharhari beds—

Gangamopieris cydopieroides, Fstm., No. 16 (4).

Gang, major, Fstm., No. 16 (4) and 16 G 1,6).

Dadka, near Assensole, Raniganj field.

1877. Feistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. V, p. 75.

Baniganj group—

Glossopieris conspicua, n. sp.

Deogabh coal-field (Jainti coal-field)—See Karaun field.

Deoli, banks of the Hamuda river, south-west of Assensole, Raniganj field.

1862. Blanford, W. T.: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. Ill, p. 129.

1864. Huxley: Pal. Ind., Ser. IV—1, witb 6 Plates.

1879. Lydekker: Pal. Ind., Ser. IV, pt. 3, with 6 Plates.

33

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. Panchet rocks—

Dicynodon orientalis, Huxl.

Ankistrodon indicus, Huxl.

Gonioglypttis longirostris, Huxl.

Packygonia incurvata, Huxl.

Dhonda, west of—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbaoh; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 62.

1880. Feistmantel: Kec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 67.

Bardkars (1)—

Glosiopteris communis, Fstm.

Gl. indica, Schimp.

Dolaui (outcrops), Slialipur coal-field, Sdtpura basin.

1875. Medlicott (H. B.): Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 77.

1879. Feistmantel: Jour. Geol. Soc., London, Vol. XII, p. 81.

Bardkars (Karharbari beds ?)—

Equisetaceous stalks.

Glossopteris, sp.

Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Pstm.

Noggerathiopsis hislopi, Pstm.

Domahni (Gbat), Karbarbari coal-field, 1st seam (from below).

1879. Feistmantel: Talchir-Karharbari flora. Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 38, 39, and 45, 46.

Karharhdri beds—

Eeuropteris valida, Pstm.

Gmigamoptens major, Pstm.

Gang, angmtifolia, McCoy.

Sagenopteris ? stoliczkana, Pstm. PI. XIII, fig. 4.

Glossozamites stoliczkanus, Pstm. PI. XX, figs. 4, 5.

Eöggerathiopsis hislopi, Pstm. PI XIX, figs. 3—5.

Voltzia heterophylla, Bgt. PI. XXIV, fig. 4.

Dubbajpur, Gopikandar area, north of Brabmani coal-field, Rajmahél bills.

1877. Ball (V.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 186.

Baniganj group (?)—

Eliyllotheca rohusta, n. sp. PI. XIV A bis.

Glossopteris communis, Pstm.

Galphiila river, near Bilaro, in tbe Bisrampur coal-field.

1873. Ball; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VI, p. 36.

Bardkar group—

Glossopteris, sp. (and other plant remains, not named further 1. c., and which I also could ^ not identify).

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Garjan Hill, Raigarh and Hingir coal-field.

1875. Ball: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 115.

Kamthi (Raniganj) group—

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.

Vertehraria indica, Royle,

Splienopteris ?polymorpha (.^) Fstm.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gl. indica, Schimp.

Gl. irowniana, Bgt.

Gl. damudica, n. sp.

Ghui, east of—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 62 (Noudiha)

1880. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 68.

Maniganj group—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Girundla, Raigarh and Hingir coal-fields.

1875. Ball (V): Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 115.

Kamthi (Raniganj) group—

Verlebraria indica, Royle.

Gopalpeasad, Talchir coal-field; about 12 miles west of Talchir. ferruginous, carbonaceous stale).

1859. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. I, p. 59.

BardJcar group—

Vertehraria indica, Royle.

Trizygia speciosa Royle. PI. XI A, figs. 2, 9 j PI. XII A, fig. 2. Glossopteris communis, Fstm. PI. XXXVIII A, fig. 2.

Gl. indica. Schimp. PI. XXIX A, fig. 7.

Gl. intermedia, n. sp. PI. XXIX A, figs. 1, 2.

Gl. damudica, n. sp. PL XXV A, fig. 4; PI. XXX A, fig. 2.

Gl. angustifolia {!') Bgt.

Bictyopteridium sporiferum, n. sp. PI. XXIII A, figs. 3-5.

Gouei and Ghui, nala between—Ramkola field, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 62 (Nondiba).

1880. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 67-

'Raniganj group—

Vertehraria indica, Royle.

Haeapala (between this place and Rorighat), Satpura basin.

1879. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XII, pp, 78, 79.

PLORA OP THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 35

Bijori horizon (Raniganj group)—

Schizoneura gondwanemis, Fstm.

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Glossopteris angustifoUa, Bgt.

Hurdeeamo, south-west of Sarun, Bokaro coal-field.

1866. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VI, pp. 63 (101).

Banigmij group—¦

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Pstm.

IsAPtJR, about 4 miles south-south-east of Chanda, Wardha valley coal-field.

1877. Hughes: Mem. Geol, Surv. ludia, Vol. XIII, pp. 69, 74.

Kamthi (Raniganj) group—

Glossopteris communis, Pstm. Pis. XXXVIIJ!, fig. i; XXXVIIU, figs. 1, 3 ( ? miism/ulia, Bunb.)

Gl. indica, Schimp. Pis. XXVH, figs. 1, 2.

Gl. browniana, Bfft.

Jaihti coal-field. See Karaun field.

JHARiA COAL-FIELD, in the Damuda valley, west of the Raniganj field.

1865. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. V, pp. 227-336.

1877. Peistmantel; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 198.

Talchirs {1. c., 243); Bardkar group {1. c., p. 311); Baniganj group (our collection)—

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Pstm. PI. TV A, fig. 3. Raniganj group.

Vertebraria indica, Royle. Barakar and Raniganj group.

Bicksonia Imghesi, Fstm. PI. XXIIId, figs. 1, 2. Raniganj group.

Alethopteris comp, Whitbyensis, Göpp. PI. XL^, figs. 2, 3. Raniganj group. Macrotceniopteris danmoides, Royle. PI. XXI^, fig. 1. Raniganj group.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. PI. XL^, fig. 4. Raniganj group.

Glossopteris, sp. Barakar group.

Glossopteris, sp. Talchirs (in the Boosjooreea).

JoGiTAND, No. 2 and No, 5 shafts, 1st seam, Karharbari coal-field.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eeistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII, p. 42 (45, 46).

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fossils collected by myself.

Karharbari beds—

Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Fstm. No. 2 shaft.

Glossopteris decipiens, Fstm. No. 2.

ISdggerathiopsis hislopi, Bunb. sp. (Fstm.) No. 2 and No. 5, var. subrhomboidalis. (PI. XX, fig. 2.) No. 2.

ELOEA OE THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Kamïhi, about 8 miles north-east of Nagpur, Central Provinces.

1855. Hislop and Hunter: Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. XI, p. 369.

1862. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bunbury : Ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 385 et seq.

1872, Blanford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India., Vol IX, p. 313,

Kamtlii (Eaniganj) group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Pecopteris and CladopJilebis, Bunb. [1. c).

Angiopteridium comp. MeClellandi, O. M. PI. XXI^, figs. 4-7.

Macrotaniopteris dancsoides, Eoyle (the true form).

Macrot.feddenijPstm.. Pis. XXI^, fig. 3; XXIIH.

Glossopteris damudica, Fstm.

Gl. stricta, Bunb. PI. XXXVIIH, figs. 1, 2.

Gl. mumfoLia, Bunb,

Gl. leptoneura, Bunb.

Gangamopteris hughesi, Fstm. PL XLIIU, figs. 6-8.

Noggerathiopsis kislopi, Fstm. Pis. XLV.J, fig. 9; XLVII/I, figs. 3-5.

Nöggerathiopsis, sp.

Karamdiha, near—Eamkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 45.

1880. Peistmantel: Eeo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII.

FancJiets (?)—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm,

Thinnfeldia comp, odontopteroides, Morr,, sp. PI. XXIIU, figs. 6-8.

Karanpura coal-field (below the junction of the Tordag and Lurunga streams), Damiida valley, Western Bengal.

1867. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII, p. 296.

1879. Peistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 1, 2.

TalcTiirs—

Gangamopteris cyclopier aides, Fstm. PI. XI, figs. 2-4.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var. subaiiricnlata. PI. X, fig.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var. areolata. PI, XI, fig. 2.

,, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var. attenuata, PI. XI, fig. 1.

„ angustifolia, McCoy. PI. IX, fig. 5.

Glossopteris, sp.

Karaun pield (Jainti coal-field, Deogarh coal-field), Deoghur district; (Kumar, Pargana Saruth-Deogbur, Birbhum).

1863. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Blanford, W. T.: Mem. Geol. Snrv. India, Vol. Ill, p. 38.

1870. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII, pt. 2.

1879. Peistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 1, 2.

Talchirs—

Schizoneura, sp. PI. I, fig. 1.

Gangamopteris eyclopteroides, Fstm. Pis. VII, VIII, IX, figs. 1-6 ; X, fig. 3.

Noggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm. PI. XIX, fig. 1.

37

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. Kawarsa, about 16 miles west of Chanda, and 12 miles south-east of Wun.

1877. Hughes: Mem. Geol, Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 70 and 77.

Kdmthi (Raniganj) group ? (Panchets ?)

Esiheria (?Mangaliensis, Jones) : small form. f ertebraria indica, Koyle.

Equisetaceous stalks.

Glossopteris commurds, Fstm.

Gl. damudica, n. sp.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.

Khumar (Kumar, Khumarhad ?). See Karaun field.

Khumarpur, north-west branch of the Nunia river, near Assensole.

1877. Peistmantel: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 75.

Raniganj group. See Assensole.

Kodaxoi, Raigarh and Hingir coal-field.

1875. Ball: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 115.

Raniganj group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Komaljore hill. See Lumki hill.

Bardkars in the Karharbari coal-field.

Kotmi (section at)—Shdhpur coal-field (Bétul district), Satpura basin.

1875. H. B. Medlicott: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 80.

1879. Feistmantel: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XII, p. 79.

Bardkars ? (Karharbari beds ?)

Equisetaceous stalks, [ScMzoneurd].

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Fstm.

Eöggerathiopsis hislopi, Bunb. sp. (Fstm.)

Kulti, Raniganj field.

Iron shales—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Glossopteris damudica, Fstm. PI. XXX^i, fig. 1.

Insectwing-like leaf. PI. XVI^ bis, figs. 7, la.

Coniferous (?) stem. PL XLVII^, figs. 5-7.

Kumerdhubi (near Bardkar, on the Barakar river), Raniganj coal-field.

1877. Feistmantel: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, pp. 73, 74.

Bardkars (type)—

Vertebraria indica, Boyle, Pis. XIII^, figs. 1, 2, 4, 8; X.1YA, figs. 1, 4. FAgllotheca or Sckizoneura ? (stalks). PL XIII^, fig. 7.

38 FLOEA OF THE DAMÜDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Glossopieris communis, Fstm. PI, XXXII A, fig.

Gloss, communis var. stenoneura. Pis. XXXII.4j fig. 3; XXXIII A, fig. 1.

Gl. indica, Schimp.

Gl. browniam, Bgt.

Gl. damudica, Fstm. Pis. XXXI A, figs. 1-3; XXXIIyl, fig. 1.

GL ingens, n. sp. PI. XXXI A, figs. 4, 5.

Angiopteridium infarctum, n. sp. PI. XXXIV A, figs. A, 5.

Squama gymnospermanm. Pi. XLPII/i, figs. 19-31.

Kunlacheru, South Goddvari, near Ellore.

1872. Blanford, W. T.: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. V, p. 27.

1874. King (W): lUd., Vol. VII, p. 159.

Kdmthi (Baniganj) group—

Vertebraria indica, Hoyle. PI. XIIIJ, figs, b, 6.

AletJwpteris, sp.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Glossopteris indica, Schimp.

Sagenopteris, sp. Pis. XLI^, fig. 6; XLIIA figs. 1, 3.

Amthrophyopsis, sp. PI. XLI4, fig. 5.

Rhipidopsis, sp. PL XLVU, figs. 1, 3.

Lanjit, near—Eamkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. Gïiesbach; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 64.

1880. Feistmantel; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 67, 68.

baniganj group—

ScUzoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.

Latiahar, Auranga coal-field. See Panripura, Panchets ? (?)

Laveo, close to—in the Bokaro coal-field.

1866. Hughes: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VI, p, 40 (78).

Bardkars—

Trizygia speciosa, Hoyle.

Ledho nala, near Karamdiha, Eamkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 44.

1880. Feistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 66—69.

Bardkar group—

Vertebraria indica, ^oyle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

1

'Raniganj group—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Glossopteris ar^gnstifolia, Bgt.

FLORA OP THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 39

Panchet division—

Glonopteris communis, Fstm.

Gl. indica, Schimp.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.

Thinnfeldia comp, odontopteraides, Morr,, sp, PI. XKIII^i, figs. 6—8.

Lohundia, Hura coal-field, RajmaMl.

1877. Ball: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII (map facing pages 40 and 48)-

? Umiigcmj group—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. Very narrow.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;indica. Schimp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;angustifolia, Bgt.

5ca^e-like leaves, like those from Raniganj and the Bijori horizon.

Winged seeds.

Lumfi hill (Komaljore liiU), Karharbari coal-field.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Feistmantel: Taloliii-Karharbari flora. Pal. lud., Ser. XII—1, pp. 43, 44.

Bardkar group—

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. PI. I, figs. 2, 3.

Vertebraria indica, Boyle.

SpJienopterispolgmorpha, Fstm.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gangamopteris, sp.

Lurunga and Tobdag streams, below the junction of the—Talchirs. See Ka-ranpura coal-field.

Mahan river and Tamor hill, between—Ramkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Griesbach: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 63.

1880. Feistmantel: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 67,68.

Raniganj group—

Vertebraria indica, Boyle.

Glossopteris angustifolia, Bgt.

Bardkars. See Majurdaki.

Mahan river. South Rewah coal-field. See Minarra and Tansar.

Maitur, south of—in the north-west branch of the Nunia nadi, north-'west of Assen-sole.

1862. Blanford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. Ill, p. 130.

Panchet rocks—

Est/ieria (comp. Mangaliensis, Jones).

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. PI. X^.

Fecopteris concinna,Vvea\. PI. XVII.1, figs. 1—6.

40 PLOEA OP THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Cycloptamp;rüpachyrhachis, Göpp. PI. XVIIA^ fig. 7.

Oleandridium [stenoneuron, Schimp.) PI. XIX^j figs. 5—8.)

Glossopteris indica,^(i\öxa.'^., axiH communis, Fstm. (Ree. Geol. Surv. o£ India^ Vol. X, pp. 139—140j figs. 3—8.)

Samaropsis coita^. parvula, Heer. PI. XLVII^, figs. 11-13.

Majurdaki, near—between Mahan river and Tamer hill, Eamkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 63.

1880. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 66, 67.

Bardkar group —

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Qlossopteris damudica, Fstm.

GL indica. Schimp.

Nöffffcrathiopsis Jmlopi, Fstm. (Bunh.)

Mangalpur, Eaniganj field,

Baniganj growp—

Trizygia speciosa, Royle. PI. XIA, fig. 8.

Mangli, about 60 miles south of Nagpur (about 36 miles north-west of Chanda, and about 11 miles north of Warora).

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Owen : Quar. Jour. Geol. Soo., Vol. X, p. 473.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Owen; Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 37.

1861. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bunbury ; Ibid., Vol. XVII.

1862. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jones: Estheria, Palmontographical Society, p. 78.

1877. Hughes : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 69, 71.

KdmtM (Eaniganj) group (Panchets?)—

Brachyops laticeps, Ow.

Ganoid fish scales.

Estheria mangaliensis, Jones (two forms.)

Bhizom of fern (Bunhury’s figure).

Coniferous stem (resembling a form in the Ironstone shales).

Mardanpur outcrops, Shahpur coal-field, Satpura basin,

1875. Medlicott (H. B.): Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p. 79.

1879. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XII, p. 79.

Bardkar group—

Vertehraria indica, Boyle,

Mathadi, Karharbari coal-field. No. 1 shaft (39), 1st seam.

1879. Feistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 42, 45, 46.

41

FLORA OF THE DAMUHA AND PANOHET DIVISIONS. Karharbari beds—

Gawjamopteru cyclopteroides, Fstm. PI. XIII, fig. I.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;„nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;var. attemiata. PI. XIII, fig. 3.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. PI. XVII, figs. 1, 2.

JMeguli, north of—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach: Mem. Geol. Sarv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 38.

1880. Feistmantcl: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 68.

Raniganj group—

Olossopteris communis, var, stenoneura.

Minarra, near—on Malian river, South Rewah coal-field.

1880. Fossils collected by Mr. T, Hughes.

Raniganj group—

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.

Jlethopteris comp. Whitbyensis, Gopp.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gloss, indica, Scliimp.

Gloss, retifera, Fstm.

Gloss, angustifolia, Bgt.

Minarra and Gajar, between—Mahan river. South Rewah coal-field.

1880. Fossils collected by Mr. T. Hughes.

Raniganj group—

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm.

Phyllotheca, n. sp.

Alethopteris comp. Whitbyensis, Gopp.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gloss, angustifolia, Bgt.

Angiopteridium comp. Mc’Clellandi, O.M.

Mitgain, west of—Sendur river; Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbach : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 33.

1880. Feistmantel: Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 66, 67.

Bardkar group—

Vertehraria indica, Hoyle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gl. browniana, Bgt.

Gl. damudica, ii. sp.

Mohpani coal-field, on the Sitariva river, north-east corner of Satpura basin.

1870. Medlicott (H. B.) : Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. Ill, pt. 3.

1879. Feistmantel: Pal. Ind., Ser. XII—1, pp. 4, 47.

42 FLOEA OE THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Karharbdri beds—

Equisetaceotis stalks.

Gangarnopteris cyclopteroides, Fstm. PI. XXVII, figs. 2, 3.

,, var. attenuata. PI. XXVII, fig. I.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Nëggerathiopsis hislopi, Fstm. (Bunb.) Suppl.

Mueup, west of—Auranga coal-field, Palamaun district.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ball: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, p. 60.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Peistmantel; Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 65.

Barakar group—

Trizygia speciosa, Royle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Mobne RIVER, north of Parasdiha, Eamkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Griesbach : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 68.

1880. Peistmantel: Eeo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pp. 67, 68.

Baniganj group—

Tertebraria indica, Boyle.

Glossopteris damudica, n. sp.

Gl. angustifolia, Bgt.

Mijsinia, on the Brahmani river, Brahmani coal-field, Edjmahal liills. Barakar group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Glossopteris, sp.

Naeoba, nala west of—Eamkola fields, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbaoh : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 62.

1880. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 68.

Banchets {?) —

Glossopteris, sp.

Niescha (near Barakar) Eaniganj coal-field.

1877. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 74.

Barakar group—

Tertebraria indica, Boyle.

Glossopteris intermittens, n. sp. PI. XXXIII.^, figs. 2—4.

Nowadih, south of—Eamkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. Griesbaoh : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 42.

1880. Peistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 68.

Baniganj group—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

„ formosa, n. sp.

FLOEA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Panchet (fossils). See Deoli and Maitur.

Pankabaki, Damuda Series. See Sikkim.

Panriptjra, hill south of—near Latiahar, in the Auranga coal-field, Palamaun area.

1878. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ball: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, p. 89.

Horizon uncertain, but according to Mr. Ball, “ apparently MahMevas; as it may, however, be as well Panchet group, I mention the fossils here—

Vertebraria inclica, Royle.

Pecopteris ?

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

„ indica, Schimp.

„ damndica, n. sp.

Squama gpnnospermarum.

Samnropsis parvula (?) Heer.

Parasi and Kunjwae, from river running between—South Eewah coal-field.

1880. Fossils collected by Mr. Th. Hughes.

Haniganj group—

Glossopteris, sp.

Passbrabhia, Karharhari coal-field, shafts 5D (9); 5G (12); 24 (29); 40 (33); 17B (23); 170 (24).

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pal. Ind., Ser. XII-1, pp. 39—42, 4-5, 46.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fossils collected by myself from the 2nd seam.

Karharhari beds, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd seams.^

* There were hitherto no fossils known from the second seam (counting from below) in the Karharbari coal-field ; quite recently (April 1880) I collected a good number of fossils from this seam, at shafts No. 24 and No. 40nbsp;(Passerabhia) ; I include their names already here, in order to complete the list; but a more complete note, togethernbsp;with the sections of the shafts, will be found in Rec. Geol. Surv. of India, Vol. XIII, pt. 3 (1880). Some of the fossils,nbsp;together with others from the first and second seams (also recently acquired), will be illustrated in a supplementalnbsp;fasciculus to my Talchir-Karharbari Flora.

FLOEA OF TtlE DAMUDA AND FANCHET DIVISIONS.

Forsa, on the Wardha river, about 36 miles south-east of Chanda.

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fossils sent by Mr. W. King.

Kdmtlii group (reddish-white, tough shales).

Equecetaceons sterns.

Glossopteris conmiutiis, Fstm. I p „ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; .

,, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;indica, Schimp. )nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;”nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^

FiAiGARH and Hingir coal-field.

1875. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ball: Rec. Geol. Surv.India, Vol. VIII, p. 115.

1877. Ball: Ihid., Vol. X, p. 171.

Baniganj group—

Schizoneura gondwanensis, Fstm. Garjan hills.

Fertehraria indica, Royle. Gai-jan hills, Girundla, Kodaloi.

SpJienopterispolgmorpJia, Fstm. Garjan hills.

Glossopieris communis, Fstm.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;indica. Schimp.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;hrowniana, Bgt.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;damudica, n. sp.

Eamgarh, Brahmani coal-field, south bank of Brahmani river, Eajmahal hills.

1877. Ball: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, pt. 2, p. 27.

Bardkar grouf—

Glossopteris, sp.

Baniganj, Baniganj field.

1862. Blanford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. III.

1876. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Feistmantel : Jour. As. Soc., Bengal, Vol. XLV, p. 329.

lianiganj group.

The list of fossils from the locality Baniganj is, excepting Gangamopteris anthrophyoides, the same as that given before for the Baniganj group of the Ftani-ganj coal-field, so I need not repeat it here again and refer to the first list.

Beonti, north-west of— Bamkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Griesbaoh: Mem. Geol. Svirv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, pp. 61-62.

1880. Feistmantel; Eeo. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 67.

Bardkar group—

Glossopteris indica. Schimp,

Borighat and Harapala, between—Bijori horizon. See Harapala.

Sadgudiam, 16 miles north of Ellore, South Godavari (our collection).

Kdmthis—

Vertebraria indica, Eoyle (branched and common form).

Sahajori (coal-field).

1867. Hughes; Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VII ,pp.253, 254.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 45 Bardkar group—

Glossopteris, sp,

Satpuka. basin. See Molipani, SEapur, Umrét, Baricondam, Bijori, Harapala. Skndur river. See Mitgain, {Bardkar group, Ramkola coal-fields).

Shapur coal-field, Satpura basin. See Dolari, Kotmi, Mnrdanpur, Suki.

Sikkim (Darjeeling, Pankabari).

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hooker’s Hiraalaj'an Journals, Vol. I, p. 402.

1876. Mallet: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XI, pp. 2-30.

Bamudas (? Raniganj group).

Phyllotheca, sp. (?). Equisetaceous stalks.

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Trizygia speciosa, Royle. (Dr. Hooker^s quotation).

Glossopteris indica, Schimp.

SiLEWADA, about 10 miles nortb of Nagpur.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hislop and Hunter : Quar. Jour. Geol. Soe., Vol. XI, p. 370.

1861. Bunbnry: Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. XVII, p. 325.

1872. Blanford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IX, p. 304.

Kdmtlm (Raniganj group)—

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. (Fructificating). PI. XXVIfigs. 1,4; PI. XXVII.4, fig. 1; PI. XXXVII4, fig. 3.

„ indica. Schimp. (Fructificating). PI. XXVU, fig. 3; PI. XXVIL4, figs. 3, 5. „ browniana, Bgt. (Fructificating). PI. XXVU, fig. 2 ; PI. XXVII^, fig. 2.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;stricta, Bunb.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;musmfolia, Bunb.

Noggerathiopsis hislopi, Bunb. (Fstm.) PI. XLV^, fig. 7.

Sii'ARAMPUR, Raniganj field (our collections).

Baniganj group—

Sphenopteris polymorplia. PI. XVI^, fig. 3.

Glossopteris retifera, Fstm. PI. XXVIII^, fig. 2.

„ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;conspicua, n. sp.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PI. XXVIIU, figs. 5, 6, 8.

SiTARiVA RIVER, Satpura basin. See Mobpani coal-field, Karbarbari beds. SoHAGPHR, in Soutb Rewab (Mr. J. G. Medlicott’s collection).

I860. J. G. Medlicott: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. II.

1879. Manual Geology of India, pp. 199—204.

Raniganj (Kamtbi) group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Gi. browniana, Bgt., PI. XL A, fig. 5.

Gl. damudica, n. sp., PI. XL A, fig. 6.

46 FLORA OF THE DAMIJDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Son river, west of Garara (Mr. Hacket’s collection).

Maniganj group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Macrotmniopteris feddeni, Fstm.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Pietyopicfidium, sp. PI. XLII A, fig. 5.

South Rewah (Gopat coal-fields), coll, by Mr. J. G. Medlicott.

Haniganj group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle (light shale).

Eguisetaceous stems (light shale).

Glossopteris communis, Fstm. (light and dark shale).

NoggeratJiiopsis hislopi, Bunb. ^Fstm.) (light and dark shale). PI. XLV A, figs. 1-5.

VoUda lieterophjUa, Bgt. (light shale). PL XLVII A, figs. 19-20.

amp;maU seeds (light shale).

South Rewah (Gopat coal-fields), coll, by Mr. Th. Hughes, 1880.

See Bajbai, Obanduidol, Minarra, Parasi and Kunjwar, Tansar.^

SuiDUD nala, mile north of Bheria, Ramkola coal-fields, Sirgujah.

1880. Giiesbach.: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, pp. 59—63.

1880. Eeistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 67.

Bardkars—

Nöggeratliiopsis Jdslopi, Fstm.

SuKi (outcrop), Shapur coal-field, Satpura basin.

1876. H. B. Medlicott: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. VIII, p, 81,

1879. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eeistmantel: Ihid., Vol. XII, p. 80.

Bardkars—

NoggeratJiiopsis Jiislopi, Fstm.

SuKNAi NALA, north of Sarsera, Ramkola field, Sirgujah,

1880. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Griesback: Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XV, pt. 2, p. 52.

1880. Eeistmantel: Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XIII, p. 67.

Bardkars—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Glossopteris communis, Fstm.

Talchie, Talchir coal-field : fossils in sandy shales,

1859, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. I, p. 59.

Bardkars—

Vertebraria indica, Royle,

Cyathea comp. tcJiihatcJieffi,, Schm. PI. XVI A, figs. 1, 2, 4.

' Besides the fossils named above, there is another collection lately sent by Mr. Hughes, but they cannot be included here: they will be described and figured (as far as necessary) together with others subsequently. {See alsonbsp;E. G. S. I., Vol. XIII, pt. 3).

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS. 47

Gl. communis, Fstm.

Bictyopteridium sporifemm, n. sp. PI. XXIII A, figs. 3—5.

Tamor hill; Bardkars. See Majurdaki.

Tansar, near—on Mahan river, S. Rewah coal-field.

1880. Fossils collected by Mr. Th. Hughes.

llaniganj grotip—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

T’oNnAKHEBi, about 14 miles north-west of Nagpur.

1855. Hislop and Hunter: Quar. Jour. 6eol. Soc., Vol. XI, p. 370.

1861. Bunbury: Ibid., XVII, p- 338.

1872. Blauford (W. T.): Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. IX, p. 307.

Kamthi group—

Vertebraria indica, Royle.

Glossopteris—fragments.

Tordag and Lbbijnga streams (below the junction of the)—

Talchir fossils. See Karanpura field.

Umkét coal-field, in the Pench valley, Satpura Basin, Central Provinces. Bardkars.

1854. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sankey (Lieut.): Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. X, p. 55.

1855. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rev. Hislop: lUd., PL XI, p. 557.

See Barkoi.

THE VARIOUS LOCALITIES FROM WHICH LOWER GONDIVANA FOSSILS ARE KNOWN, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY WITHINnbsp;THE GROUPS.

Talchie-Kaeharbari beds.—(The localities in the Shapur coal-field are included within the Barakar group.) Talchirs marked = T., Karharbari beds=K.B.nbsp;Buriadi, Karharbari coal-field, shaft No. IIA (2)=K.B.

Chwnlca, Karharbari coal-field, shaft Nos. 16 (4) and 16G (6) ; 1st seara=K.B.

(ghat), Karharbari coal-field; 1st seam=K.B.

Jharia coal-field=T.

Jogitand, Karharbari coal-field, No. 2 and No. 5 shafts, 1st seam=K.B.

Karanpura field—

Karaun field (Kumar, Purgannah Saruth-Deoghur, Birbhum)=T.

Biirunga and Torddg streams, Karanpura field=T.

Mathndi, Karharbari field, No. 1 shaft (39); 1st seam=K.B.

Mohpdni eoal-field=K.B.

Passerabkia, Karharbari coal-field, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd seams; shaft No, 5D (9); 5(i (12);

24 (29); 40 (33) ; 17B (23); 17C (24)=K.B.

Sitariva river.—See Mohpani=K.B.

Torddg and Lurxinga streams, Karanpura fieid::=;T.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Barakar group (one or two localities in the Shapur coal-field, which are here also included, may perhaps represent the Karharbari beds).

Barkoi, near Umret, Pench valley, Satpura basin, C.P.

Bhuwan, Pench valley, Satpura basin, G. P.

Burgo, Pachwara coal-field (on the Bansloi river), Rajmahal hills.

Chumra, west of—Ramhola coal-field, Sirgujah.

BliAmda, west of—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

Bolari (outcrops), Shapur coal-field, Satpura basin.

Galphula river, near Bilaro, Bisrampur coal-field.

Gopdlprasdd, Talchir coal-field (fossils in dark ferruginous shale).

Jharia coal-field.

Komaljore hill, Karharbari coal-field.

Kotmi (section), Shapur coal-field, Satpura basin.

K'lmerdkubi, near Barakar, Raniganj coal-field.

Layeo, close to—in the Bokaro coal-field.

Ledho nala, near Karamdiha, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

Lumki hill, Karharbari coal-field (the same as Komaljore hill).

Mahan river. See Majurdaki.

MajurdaJci, near—between Mahan river and Tamor hill, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah. Mardanpur outcrops, Shapur coal-field, Satpura basin.

Mitgain, west of—Sendur river, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

M4rup, west of—Auranga coal-field, Palamow district.

Mussinia, on the Brahmani river (Brahmani coal-field), Rajmahal hills.

Nirsha, near Barakar, Raniganj coal-field.

Ramgurh, Rajmahal hills, south of Brahmani coal-field.

Beonti, north-west of—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

Sahajori coal-field.

Sendur xiYQV. /See Mitgain. (Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah).

Suidud nala, mile north of Bheria, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

Sulci (outcrop), Shapur coal-field, Satpura basin.

Suknai nala, north of Sarsera, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

Talchir, Talchir coal-field. (Fossils in sandy shale.)

Tamor hill. See Majurdaki. Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

Umret coal-field, Pench valley, Satpura basin, C. P.

Ironstone shales—

Kulti, Raniganj field, between Sitarampur and Barakar.

Raniganj group.—(la this is included the Bijori horizon, marked =B, and the Kamthi group, marked =K; the Raniganj group is marked —R.)—

Anér, about 32 miles east-south-east of Chanda, Wardha valley coal-field=K.

A ssensole, north-west and south-east of—^in the Nunia river=R.

Bajhai, 2 miles east of Gopat river. South Rewah coal-field=R.

Banki nala, between Chumra and Gidhi; Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah= R.

Barikondam, Upper Denwa valley, Satpura basin, south of Pachmari=B.

Beldanga, south-east branch of the Nunia river—R. See Assensole.

Bhdratwdda, about 8 miles north-west of Nagpur, C. Prov.=K,

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Bijori, Satpura basin, south of Pachmari=B. Reptiles.

Bilpahari, Eaigarh and Hingir eoal-field=K.

Bokhara, about 6 miles north of Nagpur=K.

Bttdatand, nala at—Ramkola coai-field, Sirgujah==R,

Chanda, Wavdha valley coal-field. SeeIsapur=K.

Chanduidol, South llewah eoal-field=R.

Charwat, about 8 miles south of Chanda—K.

Chicholi Hill, about 12 miles north-north-west of N8gpur=K.

Chorkheri, about ö6 miles north-west of Nagpur=K.

Chumra and Gidhi, between=R. See Banki nala.

Badka, north of Assensole, Raniganj coal-field=R.

Bubrajpur, north of Brahmani field, Rajmahal Hills=R. (?).

Garjan Hills, Raigarh and Hiugir eoal-field=K.

Ghui, east of—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah=R.

Gidhi and Chumra, between==R. See Banki nala.

Girundla, Raigarh and Hingir coal-field=R.

Gouri and Ghui, nala between—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah=R. llarapala (between this and Rorighat), Satpura basin=B.

Hurdeeamo, south-west of Sarun, Bokaro coal-field=R.

Isdpur, about 4 miles south-south-east of Chanda, Wardha valley coal-field=K.

Jharia coal-Jield=B.

Kamthi, about 8 miles north-east of Nagpur=K.

Karamdiha, near—Ramkola coal-field, Sirguiah=R.

Kawdrsa, about 16 miles west of Chanda, and 12 miles south-east of M’^un=K. ; animals and plants.

Khimarpur, in the north-west branch of the Nunia river, Raniganj coal-field=R.

Kodaloi, Raigarh and Hingir coal-field=K.

Kunldcheru, south Godavari, Ellore district=K.

Lanjit, near—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah=R.

Ledho nala, near Karamdiha, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah=R.

Lohundia, in the Hura coal-field, Rajmahal Hills=R. (?)

Mahan river and Tamor Hill, between—Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah^R.

Mahan river. South Rewah, between Minarra and Gajar; near Minarra; near Tansar—R. Mangal'pur, Raniganj field—R.

Mangli, about 60 miles south of Nagpur, and 36 miles north-west of Chauda=K.; animals and plants.

Meguli, north of—Ramkola field, Sirgujah=R.

Minarra, near—on Mahan river, South Rewah=R.

Minarra and Gajar, between—on Mahan river, South Rewah=R.

Morne river, north of Parasdiha, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah=R.

Nowadih, south of, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah—R.

Banripura, Hills south-east of—near Latiahar, Auranga coal-field, Palmaun area=R. Farasi and Kunjwar, from river running between—South Rewah=R.

Porsa, on the Wardha river, about 36 miles south-east of Chanda=aK.

Raigarh and Hingir coal-field=K.

Raniganj, Raniganj coal-field R.

Sadgudiam, 16 milos north of Ellore, south Godavari=!K.

50 PLORA OP THE DAMTJDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Sikkim (Darjeeling, Pankab^ri) =R. (?).

Silewada, about 10 miles north of Nagpur=K.

Sitarampur, Eaniganj field=E,.

Sohdgpur, in South Rewah=R.

Son river, west of Garara—R. (Mr. Ch. Hacket, 1872, Th. Hughes, 1880.)

South Rewah (Coll, of Messrs. J. G. Medlicott, Ch. Hacket, and Mr. Th. Hughes)=R. Tansar, near—on Mahan river. South Rewah=R.

Tondakheri, about 14 miles north-west of Nagpur=K.

Panchet group. (Includes tlie Almod beds also).

Beoli, near hanks of the Damuda river, Raniganj field, south-west of Assensole; animals. Ledho nala, near Karamdiha, Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

MaiMr, south of—in the north-west branch of the Nunia river, north-west of Assensole ; animals and plants.

Narola nala, west of—•Ramkola coal-field, Sirgujah.

GENERAL LIST OP POSSTLS OP THE LOWER GONDWANAS.

I give now the systematical list of all fossils hitherto known from the Lower Gondwanas ; the chief divisions are indicated in six columns, i. e.:—

Talchir division = Talchir group, Karharbari beds, first and second column.

Bamuda division:

Bardkar group =third column.

Iron shales (Motur horizon) = fourth column.

Raniganj group (=Hingir group, Bijori horizon, Kamthi group) = fifth column. Panchet division, Panchet group (Almod beds) = sixth column.

I have, for general understanding and comparison, taken in also the fossils of the Talchir-Karharbari beds, which were already described in a previous fasciculusnbsp;of the Palseontologia Indica.

To avoid repetition of the loealities, I indicate wdthin the columns the coal-field only where the fossils were found; and to save room, I use abbreviations, of whichnbsp;an alphabetical list follows^:—

Anr. — Auranga coal-field (Mr. V. Ball, Mr. Griesbach).

Bisr. — Bisrampur coal-field (Mr. V. Ball).

Bok. = Bokaro coal-field (Mr. Hughes).

Jhar. = Jharia coal-field (Mr. Hughes).

Karanp. — Karanpura coal-field (Mr. Hughes).

Karaun. = Karaun (Jainti) coal-field (Mr. Hughes).

Karh. = Karharbari coal-field (Messrs. Hughes, Whitty, Miller, and Feistmantel).

Mohp. = Mohpani coal-field (Messrs. H. B. Medlicott and Feistmantel).

Ndgp. — Nfigpur area (Rev. Hislop, Mr. W. T. Blanford, and F. Fedden).

Rdjm. = Rajmahal Hills (Messrs. Oldham, V. Ball, Feistmantel).

Ramk. — Ramkola coal-field (Messrs. C. L. Griesbach and Feistmantel).

' The names in brackets indicate those gentlemen, either officers of the Survey or others, who have either surveyed the respective coal-fields, or have collected fossils and published notes.

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.

Ranig. = Raniganj coal-field (Messrs. W. T. Blanford, Th. Oldham, Feistmantel).

R. 11. = Raigarh and Hingir coal-field (Mr. V. Ball).

Sahaj. = Sahajori coal-field (Mr. Th. Hughes).

Satp. — Bijori horizon (Raniganj group) in Satpura basin (Capt. Gowan, Messrs. J. G.

and H. B. Medlicott, V. Ball and Feistmantel).

Shap. — Shapur coal-field (Messrs. H. B. Medlicott and Feistmantel).

Sikk. = Sikkim (Dr. Hooker, Mr. Mallet).

8. G. ~ South Godavari (Messrs. W. T. Blanford and W. King).

R- — S. Rewah (Messrs. J. G. Medlicott, C. Hacket, and Th. Hughes), including Sohagpur (Mr. J. G. Medlicott).

Talch. = Talchir coal-field (Messrs. W. T. and H. B. Blanford, and W. Theobald).

Vmr. = Umrét coal-field in the Bench valley, with Barkoi and Bhuwan (Lieutenant Sankey, Rev. Hislop).

Ward. — Wardha valley coal-field (Mr. T. Hughes).

FLORA OF THE DAMUDA AND PANCHET DIVISIONS.