Bibl. Hendrik Kraemer Inst.

PkH3fc

MISSIONARY VOYAGE

TO THE

SOUTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN,

PERFORMED

IN THE YEARS 1796, I797, I798,

t

IN THE

SHIP DUFF,

COMMANDED BY

CAPTAIN JAMES WILSON.

COMPILED FROM

JOURNALS OF THE OFFICERS AND THE MISSIONARIES;

AND ILLUSTRATED WITH

AVlctpö, eijartö, attö ateWö,

Drawn by Mr. William Wilson, and engraved by the moft eminent Artifts.

J

WITH A

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE

ON THE

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDS';

AND AN

APPENDIX,

INCLUDING DETAILS NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED, OF THE

NATURAL AND CIVIL STATE OF OTAHEITE;

BY A COMMITTEE APPOINTED FOR THE PURPOSE BY THE DIRECTORS OF THE

MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

PUBLISHED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE SOCIETY.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY S. GOSNELL,

FOR T. CHAPMAN, N’ 151, FLEET STREET. 1799.

TO THE

K I N G.

SIRE,

To whom can the Miffionary Society fo properly dedicate thefe firft-fruits of their labours asnbsp;to Your Majesty, *by whofe order the voyages ofnbsp;difcovery were firft undertaken, which have broughtnbsp;into view the numerous iflands difperfed over the Pacificnbsp;Ocean ? The reports made concerning them attraétednbsp;the general attention of European nations ; and Yournbsp;Majesty’s fubjeâis felt themfelves peculiarly interefted,nbsp;whether their views led them to confider thefe difcoveriesnbsp;as tending to enlarge the bounds of fcience, or as openingnbsp;a field of commercial fpeculation. A nobler objeft,nbsp;Sire, has engaged the attention of the Miffionary Society,nbsp;who, believing CHRISTIANITY to be the greateftnbsp;blefiing ever Imparted to mankind, defired to communicate that ineftimable gift, with all its happy effets, tonbsp;thefe unenlightened regions.

as nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;¦

DEDICATION.

On landing among thefe iflanders, our compaffions were more powerfully excited to find their populationnbsp;greatly diminhhedj and, through the prevalence of vice,nbsp;tending to utter extinâion. On this account we conceive it to be our duty to make the moft vigorous efforts,nbsp;in dependence on the bleffing of Almighty God, for thenbsp;amelioration of their wretched eftate.

»

Perfuaded of Your Majesty’s gracious approbation of our labours, and encouraged by the moft aufpiciousnbsp;commencements, we have determined on renewed exertions. Whatever beneficial confequences may refultnbsp;from the attempt, we fliall be happy to afcribe them,nbsp;under GOD, to Your Majesty’s government as theirnbsp;origin ; and we embrace this public occafion of ofi'eringnbsp;the dutiful homage of

Your Majesty’s

Moft refpectful and loyal fubjeds,

THE DIRECTORS OF THE MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

ADVERTISEMENT.

IHE impatience of our brethren to gratify the curiofity of the public, muft plead our excufe that the following papers are arrangednbsp;in a lefs lucid order than we could have ,wiHied. In collecting fromnbsp;the public and private journals, we have defired to preferve the language of the relator, which,.if not the moll polilhcd, may not-withftanding be the mofi: affecting. The body of the journal isnbsp;the compofition of Mr. William Wilfon, from the Captain’s papers,nbsp;his own, and the Miffionaries’ reports. As there was a neceffity ofnbsp;filling up fome chapters from the journals of the Miffionaries them-felves, there will fometimes be obferved a change of perfons, according as individuals, or the body, are introduced fpeaking. It is hopednbsp;that our readers will pardon this defeCl, and that whatever perplexitynbsp;it may occafion w ill be removed by referring to the lift of Errata.nbsp;It was deemed improper to alter cuflomary maritime phrafes for thenbsp;fake of grammatical accuracy. We fliall be truly happy, if the information here detailed ffiall produce fome powerful impreffion onnbsp;the minds of our countrymen ; intcreft them more tenderly innbsp;ffiehalf of the wretched heathen; and excite fuitable efforts to repairnbsp;the miferies which Europeans have in part occafioned, as well as tonbsp;refeue from deftruClion of body and foul a gentle race of fellow-men,nbsp;who have, toward our own nation efpecially, expreffed the mollnbsp;affeâionate attachment.

PRINTS.

General Map

Harbour of Rio Janeiro

Miffionary Settlement at Mataval View of Taloo Harbour . ,nbsp;Ifland of Tongataboonbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Gambier’s Hands

Marquetas Hands

Hand of Otaheite . nbsp;nbsp;-,

Great Moral of Oberea

Moral and Ark of the Eatooa at Attaliooroo

Fiatookas of Futtafaihe

Feejee Hands

Duff’s Group

I

CONTENTS.

PRELIMINARr DISCOURSE- Page i

Hißorical Account of Otaheite - nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;----- vii

Ißands connected ‘with Otaheite -

’Tongataboo^ and the Ißands connebied ’with it - - - - xlvi Ohittahoo, and'the other Ißands called the Marquefas ~ Ixxiiinbsp;Instructions to Captain Wilfonnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ixxxix

I

FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE.

CHAPTER I.

Introdullion—’Appointment of Mifionaries and Shipps Cre’w

- CHAPTER IL '

embarkation. Departure from the River—Stay at Portfmouth 8

CHAPTER III.

Voyage from Portfnouth to St. Jago—Occurrences there - i8

CHAPTER IV. .

Run to Rio Janeiro—Reception,.and Obfervations^ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-

a

nbsp;

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V.

Departure from Rio quot;Janeiro—Arrival at Otaheite nbsp;nbsp;- - Page 39

CHAPTER 'VL

Occurrences on landing at Otaheite, and during the firf Vi/it to that Ifand - -~nbsp;

- — nbsp;nbsp;- CHAPTER VIL

Short Voyage to Eimeo., and Return to Otaheite - - nbsp;nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- 83

CHAPTER VIIL

Divifon of the Mifionaries—Voyage to Eongataboo • nbsp;nbsp;• • gz

CHAPTER IX.

Occurrences during the firf Vifit to Eongataboo • nbsp;nbsp;*-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;• ~

CHAPTER X.

Voyage to the Marquefas—Difcoveries made - nbsp;nbsp;- - - - 113

CHAPTER XI.

Occurrences at the Marquefas - nbsp;.-------128

CHAPTER XIL

Return from the Marquefas to Otaheite—TlranfaSlions during our

Abfence - - nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;^49

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER Xin.

Tranfaciions during our Stay at Otaheite-—Survey to afcertain the

Population of the Ifand - nbsp;- -- -- -- Page 179

CHAPTER XIV.

TranfaSlions at Otaheite to our final Departure - - - 216

CHAPTER XV.

Return toTongataboo—Occurrences during ourAbfence nbsp;nbsp;- -

CHAPTER XVI.

Defcription of Tongataboo - nbsp;-nbsp;nbsp;- -- -- -- -

CHAPTER XVII.

Tranfadiions at Tlongataboo during the Ship's Stay - nbsp;nbsp;•nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;382

CHAPTER XVIIL

from Tdongataboo to China - - -- -- -- 386

CHAPTER XIX.

Occurrences at China, and Voyage home - nbsp;nbsp;- - - - -

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE;

CONTAINING A

GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNT

OF TH!

ISLANDS WHERE MISSIONARIES HAVE SETTLED,

AND OP OTHERS WITH WHICH THEY ARE CONNECTED.

exertion is as obvious as it is important. If finccrc and enlightened Chriftians had been attentive to the magnitude, the population, andnbsp;the moral and religious ftate of the countries which are ftill deftitutcnbsp;of the gofpel, it feems impoffible that they Ihould ever have remittednbsp;their labours for the converfion of the heathen. A deficiency ofnbsp;information upon thefe interefting fubjects is not merely to be lamented as an occafion of fatal negligence ; it is alfo to be guardednbsp;againft as a caufe of error, and of failure, in the conduct of miffionarynbsp;efforts. If thefe are excited only by cafual difcoveries of the wretchednbsp;condition in which fome detached parts of the heathen world exift,nbsp;other nations are liable to be difregarded, which, in a variety ofnbsp;refpeds, might be preferable objeéls of evangelical miffions.

For the reafons which determined the Miffionary Society at London to commence its operations with a voyage to the Pacific Ocean, we refer the reader to a well-known Memoir, which was publiclynbsp;delivered when the Society was formed in September 1795, and isnbsp;annexed to an impreffion of the Sermons that were preached onnbsp;the occafion. That decifion having been made, the utmoft diligencenbsp;was ufed to eolleft into a diftindt and comprehenfive view, the information that was fcgttered through numerous printed volumes, or

¦ -f

ii nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

was attainable by means of manufcript and verbal communications, refpedling thofc iHands which it appeared praticable to vifit in thenbsp;projeted voyage. An ex ten five compilation of this nature was putnbsp;into the hands of the midionarics ; and feveral maps were conftruted,nbsp;to illuflrate the geographical details, as well as to aflift the intendednbsp;navigation ; the materials from which thefe were formed having tillnbsp;then remained unconneted, or been exhibited only upon a minutenbsp;general fcale.

By an abridgment of the accounts thus compiled, it is attempted, in this preliminary difeourfe, to gratify perfons who may with for anbsp;compendium of the principal information to be derived from formernbsp;voyages refpeóling the three iflands to which our'miflionaries havenbsp;happily gained accefs. Thefe places are defcribed in the fame ordernbsp;in which they were vifited by Captain Wilfon ; and to the accountnbsp;of each is fubjoined a brief defcription of other iflands with whichnbsp;a habitual intercourfe is maintained from thence ; and to which wenbsp;may therefore hope the ufefulnefs of our brethren will gradually benbsp;extended *. A few general remarks upon the Pacific Ocean, andnbsp;the countries fituated within its limits, appear neceflary both to introduce and to conclude the whole.

This ocean,’which covers almoft half the globe, was unknown to Europeans at the commencement of the fixteen th century, havingnbsp;been firfl: feen from the iflhmus that conneóls the continentsnbsp;called North and South America, on the 25th of September 1513,nbsp;by a Spaniard named Bafco Nunez de Balboa. Its weftern boundarynbsp;had been approached by the Portuguefe only two years earlier,nbsp;Francifeo Serrano having difeovered the Molucca iflands immediatelynbsp;after the conquefl: of Malacca by the celebrated Albuquerque. To

* The general chart of Captain Wilfon’s track is neceflarily upon too finall a fcale to afford a fuitable reprefentation of thefe iflands ; but they are all delineated, ari inch to a degree, in onenbsp;of the above-mentioned maps, which has been puhliflied for the benefit of the Milfionary Society, and is fold by Mr. Faden, Charing Crofs, and Mr. Chapman, Fleet Street, price los- 6dLnbsp;plain, or 15s. coloured.

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;iii

ftimulate exertion, and to preclude contention in the rival difcoverers' from Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander the Sixth configned to thenbsp;dominion of thefe two nations all heathen countries that fhould benbsp;difcovered by them ; and allotted to each one half of the globe, commencing from the weftern limits of Brazil in South America, ofnbsp;which province the Portuguefe had previoufly obtained pofleflion.nbsp;The imperfedtion of geographical fcience at that time left it doubtfulnbsp;to ’which of thefe hemifpheres the Moluccas belonged ; and the precious fpices peculiar to thofe fmall illands rendered the decifion important. To afcertain this was the purpofe of the firft voyagenbsp;acrofs the Pacific Ocean. It was planned and executed by Hernandonbsp;de Magalhanes, who had ferved under Albuquerque at Malacca^nbsp;but having been ill rewarded by the court of Portugal, he withdrewnbsp;to Spain, from whence he failed with five fhips under his commandnbsp;on the 21 ft of September 1519. He wintered in South America,nbsp;and, in the Odlober following, difcovered the ftrait which has-fince borne his name. He entered the great South Sea on the 28thnbsp;of November 1520; and having advanced northward to the tropicnbsp;of Capricorn, proceeded in a north-weft courfe with fuch eafe andnbsp;rapidity, that he judged the vaft ocean he was traverfing worthy tonbsp;be called the Pacific. It is well known, that the prevailing windsnbsp;between the tropics follow the path of the fun, where they are notnbsp;diverted from it by heights of land ; and the incomparable breadthnbsp;of this ocean affords an uninterrupted paflage to thofe eafterly currentsnbsp;of air, which, on account of the advantages that navigators derivenbsp;from their regularity, are called the trade winds. Magalhanesnbsp;having crofted the equator too foon to meet with the fertile iflandsnbsp;of the fouthern tropic, found no place of refrefhment till the 6th ofnbsp;March 1521, when he difcovered a range of fmall iflands in thenbsp;longitude of 146 degrees eaft from Greenwich, and extending fromnbsp;13 to 2Oi degrees of north latitude. He named them Ladrones, onnbsp;account of the thicvifh difpofition of the natives, which has fincenbsp;been found univerfal in the Pacific Ocean. Proceeding weft wardnbsp;banbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-

iv

he difcovered, on the loth of the fame month, one of the iHands which have fince been called the Philippines. They form the northernmoil part of the grand archipelago which'borders the coaft of Afia,nbsp;extending from 19 degrees north latitude and 122 degrees eaft longitude, fouth-weftward to Malacca, and fouth-eaftward to Newnbsp;Guinea. At a fmall illand of this group Magalhanes finilhed hisnbsp;courfe, being killed in ?in encounter with the natives on the 27th ofnbsp;April. Some of his Ihips afterward reached the Moluccas, the ob-jedls of their purfuit ; which are fituated amidfl more extenfivenbsp;iflands, in the ift degree of north latitude, and in 1%']^ degrees eaftnbsp;longitude. One fhip only of the fquadron, named the Vidlory, withnbsp;a. crew of no more than thirty perfons, under the command of Se-baftian Cano, returned by the Eaft Indies and the Cape of Goodnbsp;Hope to Europe, having accompliftied the firft circumnavigation ofnbsp;the world within a period of three years.

Having, by a Iketch of this voyage, paid a tribute to the memory of Magalhanes, who condudled an unequalled enterprife with thenbsp;utmoft fortitude and Ikill, we can only notice fucceeding navigatorsnbsp;in connexion with the iflands to be defcribed. In pointing out thenbsp;fituations of thefe, their latitude muft be underftood to be fouthwardnbsp;from the equator, if not otherwife exprelTedj and their longitudenbsp;is reckonedL eaftward and weftward from the obfervatory at Greenwich toward its anti-meridian.

The want of a proper guide for the pronunciation of names ufed by the South-Sea iflanders, and the diverfity of modes in which theynbsp;have been fpelled by writers and compilers of voyages, have longnbsp;been fubjeóls of complaint. The remedy has become difficult innbsp;proportion to the extent of the evil. The variety of journals fromnbsp;which extradls are given in the narrative of Captain Wilfon’s voyage,nbsp;has fruftrated, in a great meafure, the endeavours that were ufed tonbsp;adopt an uniform and diftindl orthography throughout the volume.nbsp;Whether the attempt made for that purpofe, in compiling the prefent introduólory difcourfe, is more fuccefsful, muft be left to thenbsp;amp;

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

decifion of the reader. His attention is requefted to thé following • rules of pronunciation, in which the genius of the language that isnbsp;common to the places defcribed, and the eftablifhed orthography ofnbsp;thofe names which hatt become moll familiar, have been reciprocallynbsp;confulted.

I ft. When a fingle vowel forms or clofes a fyliable,

a is founded as in father j

e nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;as in equal j

0 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;as in open -,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

u nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;as in duty.

adly. When two vowels come together,

ae has the fame found with the adverb ay,

ai is founded as in fail ; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;f

as in autumn -,

ei has the found of i long j for which this improper diphthong has, from the firft, been fubftituted in names that are nownbsp;become too familiar to be altered, as in Otaheite, Etmeo,nbsp;Huaheine, amp;c.

00 is founded as in the adverb too, for a fimilar reafon ;

OU nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;as in our -, and

0^ has the fame found with oy in Englifti words, as joy, amp;c.

All other combinations of vowels are to be pronounced, according to the preceding rules, in diftindt fyHables.

3dly. When quot;any fingle vowel is'followed, in the fame fy Hable, by a confonant, it has its Ihorteft found ; as in matter, gift,nbsp;otter, upward. ¦

^.thly. Every confonant, fingle vowel, or diphthong, uniformly retains a diftintft and appropriate found, fubjedt to the preceding rules. The letters w and y are therefore ufed only as confonants -, g is always hard j and th is always founded as innbsp;think. The e is never mute. Thus Otaheite is to be pronounced fo as to rhyme with the adjedtive mighty.

5thly. That fyllable on which the ftrongeft emphafis is to be placed is marked as a long fyllable (fo Toongat a boo, Oh~it taboo )nbsp;when the words firft occur ; ,but this diftindlion, agreeably tonbsp;Rule 4th, indicates no other change in the found of the vowelsnbsp;over which it is placed.

It appears neceffary farther to remark, that, as the dilfertations which form the Appendix of this volume, contain a copious defcrip-tion of the natural and civil Rate of Otaheite, nothing relative to thatnbsp;ifiand is requifite here, but a hi Rory of tranfadlions that occurrednbsp;previous to the voyage of the Duff. A prior perufal of the differta-tions will therefore be ufeful to thofe of our readers who defire tonbsp;have in view the circumftances and eftablifhed cuftoms of thenbsp;natives, while they purfue the hiftory. It may alfo affift to under-ftand the brief defcriptions here given of the other iflands, in which,nbsp;to avoid‘tautology, the points whefein they vary from Otaheite arenbsp;principally infifted on. 1 The coricifenefs that was indifpenfable, precluded obfervations which naturally refult from the various faóls thatnbsp;are mentioned in the following account -, but we hope that thisnbsp;deficiency will be fupplied by, the reflections of our ferions readers.nbsp;From a comparifon between the feveral parts of this volume, it willnbsp;probably be acknowledged, in general, that additional demonftrationnbsp;is afforded to fome very important truths ; fuch are—the infufliciencynbsp;of every natural enjoyment to eftablilh. the real welfare of mankind jnbsp;the tendency of an unreftrained gratification of appetites and pallionsnbsp;to produce horrid and deftruCtive crimes ; the advantages for whichnbsp;the moft civilized nations are in reality indebted to the gofpel; andnbsp;-the far greater bleffings that are derived from the fame fource bynbsp;them who enter into the fpirit and power of chriftianity.

Hißorical Account of Qtahêite,

*

FREQUENT as the intercourfe of Europeans with the natives of this ifland has been for the lafh thirty years, it is uncertain whethernbsp;any interview between them had occurred at an earlier period. Whilenbsp;the identity of various iflands vifited by modern navigators, with thenbsp;early difcoveries of the Spaniards, has been indubitably proved, it isnbsp;barely probable that Otaheite was feen by Pedro Fernandez de Quirosnbsp;in 1606. He had failed with two Ihips from Lima in Peru, to fearchnbsp;for a continent, which he fuppofed to exift in the neighbourhood ofnbsp;feveral iflands that had been difcovered by him in a voyage performednbsp;eleven years before. For this purpofe he proceeded fouthward to thenbsp;27th degree of latitude j but meeting only with a few low iflands, henbsp;returned into the latitude of his former difcoveries, and on his waynbsp;•fell in with an ifland, iith February, which, on account of thenbsp;curve defcribed by its Ihores, he named Sagittaria. His fmallernbsp;vefTel anchored in a bay on the fouth coaft ; but the boats were prevented landing by the furf which beat upon the reefs. A youngnbsp;man, named Francifeo Ponce, fwam with much hazard to a rock,nbsp;where the iflanders met and carelfed him ; others of the Spaniards,nbsp;imitating the fpirited example of Ponce, were equally well received.nbsp;When they fwam back to the boats, they were accompanied by feveralnbsp;of the natives, who, after having fome prefents made to them, returned,nbsp;well pleafed, to their comrades on fliore. The next day the Spaniards,nbsp;having hauled their boats over the reef, landed, without feeing any ofnbsp;the inhabitants; they proceeded through a thick wood (in whichnbsp;they found a morae, and ereCfed a crucifix) toward a bay upon thenbsp;oppofite fide of the ifland. They could obtain no frefh water in anbsp;plain which they fearched for it; but refrefhed themfelves with thenbsp;milk of cocoa-nuts, which grew there abundantly. Loaded withnbsp;this fruit, they returned to the landing-place, in wafer up to their

viii

knees, along the meadow, over which the tide had flowed; they re-embarked however without difficulty, a paflage through the reefnbsp;having been found for the boats ; and a very aged woman, whomnbsp;they had met in the woods, willingly accompanied them to the fliips,nbsp;where fhe was clothed and fed. When fhe w'as fent back to fhore,nbsp;fhe diredled the Spaniards to fome of her countrymen, who were occupied with their canoes. The iflanders behaved amicably ; and fomenbsp;of them, with their chief, ventured to go off with feveral Spaniards innbsp;the boat; but being fuddenly alarmed, they leaped into the fea, exceptnbsp;the chief, who was detained by force till they reached Quitos’s fhipi,nbsp;They could not perfuade him to go on board ; and therefore, havingnbsp;made him fome prefents, fent back the boat with him. The fewnbsp;Spaniards who remained on fhore had been furrounded, andnbsp;threatened, by more than a hundred of the natives, armed withnbsp;fpears and clubs. Upon the fafe return of the chief, a perfeót reconciliation took place ; and they parted very amicably, the natives proceeding toward a fmall iflet. They are defcribed as of a mulattonbsp;colour, well made, and deftitute of clothing, except the women,nbsp;who were covered from the waift downward with cloth made of bark.

Quiros coafled this ifland to the north-weft the following day, and at noon obferved the latitude to be 17° 40'. This coincides with thenbsp;weftern fide of Otaheite ; but the filence of Quiros refpeóling thenbsp;ifland of Eimëo, which would have been in fight from thence,nbsp;is perfeélly unaccountable, and involves the identity of Otaheite withnbsp;the Sagittaria of Quiros in much doubt. On the other hand, thenbsp;place where the Spaniards landed, agrees very well with the ifthmusnbsp;by which the two peninfulas of Otaheite are connedled. The precedingnbsp;account will enable our readers to form their own fentiments upon anbsp;fubjedl of which different judgments have been adopted by refpeéfablenbsp;geographers.

Captain Wallis, in his Majefty’s fhip Dolphin, difcovered Otaheite on the 19th of June 1767. The veffel being clofe to the fouth-eafl:nbsp;end of the ifland, was furrounded by a great number of canoes, with

more than eight hundred people on board: they, in general, behaved amicably, excepting that they Role every thing they could feize.nbsp;Thefe pradrices brought on a flight ikirmifh, but peace was foon apparently eftablifhed. Captain Wallis fucceeded in getting to windward of the ifland during the night, and the next day failed along thenbsp;eaftern coaft. On the following he anchored near the north-eafternnbsp;fliore ; and his boats being employed in founding, were attacked bynbsp;the iflanders, one of whom was killed, and another wounded in thenbsp;conteft. Traffic was not with handing fpccdily rcflorcd. The nativenbsp;women ufed the moft ffiamelefs enticements to induce the failorsnbsp;to land, but they had the precaution not to quit their boats; and fomenbsp;fmall calks, which they entrufted to the iflanders to procure freffinbsp;water, were ftolen by them.

Captain Wallis having weighed anchor on the 23d, difcovered the bay which is formed by the coaft of Mattavae, the northernmoft diftritShnbsp;of the ifland. Having doubled its north-eaftern cape, fince callednbsp;Point Venus, the Dolphin ftruck upon a coral rock which is detachednbsp;from the reef that borders the coaft. The Ihip remained immoveablenbsp;almoft an hour, and was then unexpeéledly relieved by a breeze whichnbsp;fprung up from the Ihore. The natives, in many hundred canoes,nbsp;waited around to fee the event, which was likely to have beennbsp;attended with the entire deftruftion of the crew. They anchored,nbsp;however, foon afterward in the bay, and the velfel was foundnbsp;to have received little damage. The following day, while warpingnbsp;nearer to the Ihore, they were attacked by a multitude of largenbsp;canoes, and fliowers of heavy ftones were poured in every directionnbsp;upon the fliip. The iflanders renewed the aflault, even when theynbsp;had been repulfed by the great guns ; but after repeated experience ofnbsp;their deftrudlive effects, they difperfed, and fled to the mountains.

The fhip having been moored abreaft of the river of Mattavae, Lieutenant Furneaux landed, and without oppofition ereóted anbsp;Britilh pendant on the fliore, and formally took pofleflion of the iflandnbsp;in the name of his own fovereign. This is a ceremony which has

G

'x nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

been'continued from,the period when it was fuppofed that tire pope had a right to difpofe of all countries inhabited by heathens. Whatever idea the iflanders formed of this tranfaótion, they did not fuffernbsp;the flag to remain till the following day. Oämmo, who at that timenbsp;governed the larger penihfula of Otaheite in behalf of his fonnbsp;Temärre, caufed it to be taken away during the night; and it wasnbsp;ufed long after as a kind of drefs which conflritutes the badge ofnbsp;royalty. The next morning a party of failors were compelled by thenbsp;natives to retire from the river, to which they had been fent for frefltnbsp;water; but the crowd being difperfed by the fliip’s guns, and many ofnbsp;their canoes being demolilhed by way of punilhment, they gave upnbsp;their attempts at refiflance, and from that time became peaceable andnbsp;docile. Oämmo retired from the fcene, probably left the Englifhnbsp;•ftiould revenge upon his perfon the alTaults they had fuftained. Hisnbsp;confort Oberëa (or Poorëa) had been feparated from him after the birthnbsp;of Temärre, apparently on account of her reluctance to deftroy thenbsp;child. Her authority was not diminilhed by their feparation, andnbsp;fhe exercifed it in affording the moft hofpitable reception to Captainnbsp;Wallis and his people, many of whom were much reduced by illnefs.nbsp;Thefe were ftationed on fhore, and a regular traffic was eftablifhed fornbsp;frefh provifions. It was, however, foon interrupted, and great inconvenience produced, by the licentious intercourfe of the crew withnbsp;the female iflanders. This was unlikely to be checked by Oberëa,nbsp;whofe character for fenfuality exceeded even the ufual ftandardnbsp;at Otaheite. At this time the cohabited with Toopäea, who hadnbsp;fled from his native place, Ulietëa, and had been appointed chiefnbsp;prieft at this ifland. He excelled all the South-Sea iflanders that havenbsp;been known, for information and fagacity; and diftinguifhed himfelfnbsp;very early by his inquifitive difpofition, and his aptnefs to imitate thenbsp;manners of the Englifh. An elderly man, of inferior rank, namednbsp;Owhau, likewife rendered himfelf remarkable and ufeful, by hisnbsp;friendly attention to the navigators, and the prudence with which henbsp;negotiated between them and his countrymen. Under his guidance

Mr. Gore made fome progrefs into the interior of the ifland; and' when provifions became fcarce at Mattavae, Owhau procured themnbsp;from other diftridls. Ample fupplies having been obtained, _and thenbsp;health of the Ihip’s company being re-eftablifhed, Captain Wallisnbsp;failed on the ayth of July. He requited the hofpitality of Obereanbsp;with a variety of prefents ; among which were turkies, a gander andnbsp;goofe, and a cat; with many iron utenfils, which the natives werenbsp;eager to obtain, having learned the ufe of them from a neighbouringnbsp;low ifland, named Tap poo hoe, where a Dutch fhip, belonging tonbsp;Roggewein’s fquadron, had been wrecked forty-five years before.

Early in April 1768, Otaheite was again vifited by Europeans. M. de Bougainville, in the Boudeufe frigate, accompanied by a ftore-Ihip, coafted this ifland to the eaftward, as Wallis had done; butnbsp;was deterred from doubling Point Venus, by the appearance of the reefnbsp;which enclofes it. A timid caution, which mofl of the French navigators have betrayed when at fea, expofed M. de Bougainville to the inconvenience of anchoring within a reef on the windward fide of thenbsp;ifland. He was amicably received by Orëtte, chief of Hedëa, thenbsp;diftriól where the fhips were moored. This perfon’s brother, Outooroo,nbsp;attached himfelf to the commander immediately upon his arrival, andnbsp;afterward accompanied him to France. The father of thefe youngnbsp;men, Owahou, and fome other principal people of the diftriól,nbsp;objeóled, however, to the fick perfons being landed from the fhips,nbsp;till an afllirance was given that they would not remain many days.

M. de Bougainville was foon vifited by Tootahä, youngeft brother of Oämmo, who prefided over the wefternmoft diftrióts of the ifland.nbsp;He was accompanied by feveral others of the royal family, whofcnbsp;fuperior ftature diftinguifhed them from the reft of the company. Itnbsp;does not appear that Oammo, or Oberea, whofe ufual refidence wasnbsp;at the fouthernmoft part of the larger peninfula, vifited Hedëa duringnbsp;the ftay of the French, which lafted only eight days. It was apparently rendered the more pacific, in confequence of the experience thenbsp;iflanders had derived from Captain Wallis’s vifit, whom they fup-

c a

xü nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

pofed to have come from the fame country as M. de Bougainville. They fupplied abundance of provifions, and willingly aflifted thenbsp;working parties from the fliips, but availed themfelves of every opportunity to pilfer. Senfuality feems to have been practifcd with ftillnbsp;greater indecency than before, and feveral murders were privatelynbsp;committed by the French failors, notwithftanding the hofpitalitynbsp;with which they were entertained. A woman who had failed fromnbsp;France with the crew, difguifed in man’s apparel, was deteéled bynbsp;the natives upon her landing. Accuflomed to fee the fexes clothednbsp;alike, they, immediately perceived the difference of, her fhape ; butnbsp;they conceived mean ideas of European beauty from her countenance.

• The French velfels failed 14th April, after the lofs of feveral anchors, their cables having been cut afunder by the coral rock. Within a few weeks afterwards M. de Bougainville found that feveral peoplenbsp;on board, and Outöoroo himfelf, were infeéled with the venerealnbsp;difeafe. Captain Wallis feems to have been peculiarly attentive tonbsp;the Rate of his Blip’s company, and pofitively alferts that theynbsp;were entirely free from every fymptom of this diforder fix monthsnbsp;before, and ftill longer after their vifit at Otaheite. The accountsnbsp;of the iflanders refpeóling their previous knowledge of the complaintnbsp;are confufed and contradidlory. The prefent exiftence, and the generalnbsp;prevalence of the evil, is but too obvious ; and it concurs with othernbsp;dreadful efièâs of fenfuality, to threaten the entire depopulation ofnbsp;this beautiful ifland, if it be not feafonably averted by the happynbsp;influence of the gofpel.

Subfequent toM.de Bougainville’s departure, a revolution occurred in the government of Otaheite, the effedls of which proved to be permanent and important. The whole ifland at that time acknowledged thenbsp;fovereignty of Temärre. The fmaller peninfula, called Teiarraböo,nbsp;was governed by an elderly man named Waheadöoa, diftantly relatednbsp;to the king. The larger peninfula has ufually been diftributed intonbsp;three principal governments, each of which included -feveral fubor-^inate diftrids ; they were then fubjed to three brothers, Oammo,

Tootahâ, and Häppae ; the latter prefiding over the northern and . eaftcrn diftrióts, which are collectively named Tepirreonöo. Tootahâ, ’nbsp;who pofleffed confiderable talents, and was actuated by a reftlefs ambition, confpired with Waheadôoa to wreft the government of thenbsp;ifland from Oammo and Oberea ; and to transfer the royal dignitynbsp;from their fon to Otöo, the fon of Häppae, during whofe minoritynbsp;the conduól of public affairs was to be committed to Tootahâ. Thisnbsp;plot could not elude the penetration of Toopäea ; and he ufed all hisnbsp;interefl with Oberea to fruftrate it in time, by putting Tootaha tonbsp;death. He did not, however, prevail with her to confent to fo violentnbsp;a meafure ; and when he found the cxplofion ready to burft, he flednbsp;to the interior mountains for his perfonal fafety. Waheadooa, ftimu-lated by the defire of becoming wholly independent of the largernbsp;peninfula, palTed the ifthmus with his army, and defeated that whichnbsp;Oammo had colleéled to oppofe him. Tootaha, at the fame time,nbsp;with the forces of Attahooroo and Tettahâ, attacked from the weftward the diftriót of Papparâ, Oammo’s refidence ; and carried off,nbsp;from the great morae at that place to another in Attahooroo, thenbsp;peculiar enfigns of the regal and facerdotal offices. The grand ceremonies which are attended with human facrifices, were therefore performed at the morae of Attahooroo for thirteen years after that event.nbsp;This diftriót being one of the largeft and molt fertile in the ifland, andnbsp;conftantly gaining ftrength by affording protedion to fugitives fromnbsp;other quarters, was too powerful to be fpeedily difpoffefled of itsnbsp;acquifitions. Tootaha had eftablifhed himfelf in the regency, andnbsp;refided at Opârre, the hereditary diftrid of the new fovereign Otoo,nbsp;when Lieutenant Cook, in the Endeavour, anchored in the adjacentnbsp;bay of Mattavae, 12th April 1769. His objeds were to obferve thenbsp;approaching tranfit of the planet Venus over the diflc of the fun, andnbsp;to renew’ the fearch which Quiros had fet on foot in the laft century, fornbsp;a continent fuppofed to exift in the fouthern part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Endeavour was immediately vifited by crowds of the natives, among whom Owhau was recognifed by Mr. Gore and others who had

failed with Wallis. His aßiftance was again found ufeful in the traffic which commenced, under proper regulations, with his countrymen ;nbsp;and in appeafing their refentment, when it was excited by the deathnbsp;of one of them, too haftily inflicted in confequence of their thefts. Anbsp;fmall fort was eredled near the northcrnmoft point of the ifland,nbsp;which now received the name of Point Venus, on account of thenbsp;obfervations that were made upon that planet the 3d of June. At thenbsp;fame time a party was fent to the neighbouring ifland of Eimëo, tonbsp;obferve the tranfit from thence. Lieutenant Cook afterwards made anbsp;furvey of Otaheite, in which he was accompanied by Mr. (now Sirnbsp;Jofeph) Banks, who had failed in the Endeavour with a view tonbsp;the advancement of natural hiftory. They met with Waheadooa andnbsp;his fon, then about thirteen years of age, at Teiarraboo, and foundnbsp;that peninfula in a flourilbing condition. Its inhabitants boafted ofnbsp;their military prowefs and fuccefs ; of which they poffefled manynbsp;trophies, and among others, the turkey-cock and the goofe whichnbsp;Captain Wallis had given to Oberea. The Englifh were everynbsp;where hofpitably treated, excepting the depredations which theynbsp;fuAcred from the thievifh genius of the natives. The fame lewdnefsnbsp;was perpetrated as on former occafions j and, to avoid loathfomenbsp;repetitions, we fhall generally omit to mention it in future. Thefenbsp;praólices at times interrupted the harmony which ufually fubfiftednbsp;between the navigators and the iflanders j but it was almoft whollynbsp;deftroyed previous to their feparation. Two marines having defertednbsp;from the fliip. Cook ventured to confine Tootaha and feveral othernbsp;principal perfons till the deferters fhould be brought back. The nativesnbsp;by way of retaliation feized upon fome Englifhmen j but being orderednbsp;by Tootaha to furrender them and the deferters to the commander, henbsp;in return releafed his royal captives, and their friendfliip was apparently renewed. Among the principal acquaintance formed by thenbsp;Englifh in this voyage, befide thofe already mentioned, were Potätto,nbsp;a chief of Attahooroo, and Tooboorae Tamäede of Mattavae j both ofnbsp;whom were deteóled in thefts, although among the moft refpeftable

¦ PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;xv

perfons in the ifland. Toopäea, having loft his influence by the . revolution, and being deferted by Oberea for a younger gallant, leftnbsp;Otaheite in the Endeavour, 12th July, and died at Batavia, on thenbsp;paflage of the fliip to Europe.

Tootaha had obtained a great quantity of curious and ufeful articles from his European guefts, and he availed himfelf of thefe acqui lit ionsnbsp;to increafe his influence over the chiefs of the larger peninfula. Henbsp;fucceeded in perfuading them to unite their forces againft Teiarraboo,nbsp;which he wifhed to reduce to its former ftate of fubjeâion. Waheadooa,nbsp;who fought only to enjoy peaceably the independence he had eftablifhed,nbsp;pleaded the fervices he had rendered to Tootaha, as an argument to divertnbsp;him from his hoftile defigns, which Waheadooa had learned, and wasnbsp;prepared to refift. The military pride and ambition of the regentnbsp;urged him to perfift in his attempt ; and, having equipped a fleet ofnbsp;war canoes, he failed toward the fmaller peninfula, and engaged thenbsp;naval force of Waheadooa, with nearly equal lofs on each fide.nbsp;Tootaha retired, with a determination to try his fuccefs by land. Hisnbsp;brother Häppae difapproved of this meafure, and remained at Oparre jnbsp;but Tootaha obliged Otoo, who always difliked fighting, to accompany the army. It engaged that of Waheadooa at the ifthmus, andnbsp;was totally routed : Tootaha and Tooboorae Tamaede were killed onnbsp;the fpot J Orette and many others feverely wounded ; and Otoonbsp;efcaped, with a few of his friends, to the fumrnits of the mountains,nbsp;where his father and family had taken refuge upon being informed ofnbsp;the defeat. Waheadooa marched direëlly to Mattavae and Oparre,nbsp;laying wafte all the country, as is ufual in their wars ; but he fent rea-fonable propofals of peace to Happae and Otoo, who readily acceptednbsp;them. The latter, having then arrived at maturity, afliimed the ad-miniftration of the government, with the afliftance of his father’snbsp;advice. He had two fifters, one of whom remained unmarried, andnbsp;being older than he, might have put in a prior claim to the fove-reignty, but fhe waved her right in his favour. Of three brothers,nbsp;the eldeft was ten years younger than Otoo j he was then a very

xvi

acftive and intelligent boy, and has fmcc become well known under the name of Orapëia : the next brother, Weidöoa, was fix yearsnbsp;younger than he : the youngeft, Teppahöo, then an infant, has evernbsp;fince remained in obfcurity, on account of his deficiency of intellect.

Waheadooa did not long furvive his triumphs; and his name and government devolved without oppofition upon his fon. A Spaniilinbsp;vefîèl, faid to have been commanded by Don Juan de Langara, vifitednbsp;Teiarraboo about March 1773. She remained ten days at anchor in anbsp;harbour formed by reefs, at the fouth-eafl: end of the ifiand, andnbsp;called by the natives Owhae-oorôoa. Four of the fhip’s companynbsp;were publicly executed there ; and a fifth efcaped the fame fate bynbsp;flight. He was the firft European who became a refident at Otaheite,nbsp;and was kindly treated by the natives, to whofe manners he entirelynbsp;conformed. Young Waheadooa made him one of his principal companions and counfellors.

Captain Cook vifited this ifiand the following Augufl, in the Refolution, accompanied by Captain Furneaux in the Adventure.nbsp;Thefe velTels were in much danger near the place where the Spaniardsnbsp;had anchored, the Refolution ftriking repeatedly on the adjacent reef.nbsp;On the 17th of Augufl: they anchored in a bay on the northern coaft ofnbsp;Teiarraboo, called Oweitapëha. The Englilh were difappointed of obtaining provifions, as was faid, by the influence of the young chief'snbsp;Spanifh advifer, who carefully avoided intercourfe with them. Theynbsp;gained intelligence from an iflander named Tooahou, who had attendednbsp;Cook in part of his furvey during the former vifit. The map ofnbsp;Otaheite, which had then been engraved, being Ihewn to this man,nbsp;he readily comprehended it, and pointed out by name the diftriétsnbsp;that were marked upon it. It may be proper here to obferve, thatnbsp;the number and the names of thefe divifions vary at different periods ;nbsp;a diftriâ being fometimes fubdivided into feveral by the chiefs, innbsp;order to diftribute the land among their friends.

Waheadooa did not vifit his acquaintance. Captain Cook, till the 23d, and the latter failed the following day from Oweitapehaj but

left behind Lieutenant Pickerfgill to purchafe hogs, which the natives were permitted to bring when almoft too late. The young chiefnbsp;difcovered fome ingenuity mingled with boyifli weaknefs, and prefidednbsp;at the market with great propriety. Mr, Pickerfgill proceeded fromnbsp;thence in a boat to Hedëa, where he was kindly entertained by Orette,nbsp;and his brother Taröore. Neither of them made any inquiry afternbsp;Outöoroo, although they fuppofed him to have gone with M. denbsp;Bougainville to the fame country from whence Cook came. Toopâeanbsp;alfo feemed to be nearly forgotten ; but Sir Jofeph Banks, and othersnbsp;of the Englifh, who had been moft converfant with the iflanders,nbsp;were every where inquired after. The boat rejoined the Ihips atnbsp;Hedea, and they proceeded to Mattavae, where they anchored 25thnbsp;Auguft.

Otoo, who was on the fhore furrounded by a multitude gazing at the fliips, did not wait to receive the Englifh, but hurried in terrornbsp;over the hill which divides Mattavae from Opärre, where he redded.nbsp;Cook vifited him there the next day, and with difficulty prevailednbsp;upon him to venture on board the fhips on the following. Thefcnbsp;diftridls had not recovered from the efiecds of the war with Teiarraboo,nbsp;and provifions were fcarce. Potatto in fome meafure fupplied thenbsp;deficiency from Attahooroo. Otoo expreffed much regret at thenbsp;departure of the veflels, which occurred ift September.

Captain Cook revifited Mattavae 22d April 1774, having in the mean time repeatedly entered the antardtic circle in the fruitlefs fearchnbsp;after a fouthern continent, which was the principal objedt of thisnbsp;voyage. On his laft departure from Otaheite, he had been accompanied from the Society Iflands, by a young man of rank and fomenbsp;abilities, named Hëte-hëte. By his advice, red feathers had beennbsp;procured at the Friendly Iflands j and they were found to be the moftnbsp;valuable article of trade at Otaheite. The northern diftridls hadnbsp;alfo recovered their ufual profperity fince the former vifit of thenbsp;Refolution, and at this time fupplied abundantly the wants of thenbsp;navigators. They found much relief from bilious complaints by thenbsp;d

life of the eve fruit, which, from its external appearance, has been always called an apple, although it has a ftone refembling that of anbsp;peach. During the ftay of Captain Cook, which was prolonged innbsp;order to repair his fhip, a fleet of large war canoes aflembled in thenbsp;bay, for the purpofe of attacking the neighbouring ifland of Eimco.nbsp;The chief of that country, Motooäro, had married a After of Otoo,nbsp;and being expelled by his uncle Mahëine, he had taken refuge withnbsp;his brother-in-law. The weftern diftricfts having united with thofe ofnbsp;Tepirreonoo to maintain the caufe of Motooaro, Towha, who wasnbsp;then chief of Tettahä, was appointed to the command of the combined fleet. He poffeffed great courage and talents, was advanced innbsp;years, and was highly rcfpected. His diftridt furnifhed forty-four largenbsp;canoes toward the fleet ; that of Attahooroo one hundred and fixty jnbsp;and Mattavac, probably in confequence of its late devaftation, onlynbsp;ten. Teiarraboo alfo was cxpedtcd to fend a quota for this expedition ;nbsp;yet both Otoo and Towha, although jealous of each other, entreatednbsp;Cook to aflift them in attacking that peninfula. The number ofnbsp;fmall canoes employed to tranfport provifions, and defigned to bringnbsp;back the bodies of thofe who might be killed, equalled that of thenbsp;larger canoes employed in fighting. From the multitude of peoplenbsp;embarked in this fleet. Captain Cook computed that the whole iflandnbsp;might contain more than two hundred thoufand inhabitants. Sub-fequent navigators have even exceeded this calculation i but it appears that at prefent there is not a tenth part of that number of peoplenbsp;in Otaheite. Unlimited fenfuality, with the general contamination,nbsp;and infant murders, attendant upon it, have, without doubt, dreadfullynbsp;diminifhed the population.

Amidft the confufion occafioned by fo great a concourfe of the natives, fome daring thefts were committed; and the feverity whichnbsp;was confequently exercifed, alarmed the timidity of Otoo. One ofnbsp;his elder relations, named Te, became ufeful as a meflenger andnbsp;mediator between the young king and his formidable guefts. Oammonbsp;and Oberea vifited them from Papparä ; and the latter, though greatly

declined in dignity, and advancing in years, difcovered no abate- • ment of lewdnefs. The iflanders exhibited a mock fea-fight, andnbsp;the Englifli fome fireworks, for their mutual entertainment ; andnbsp;they parted very amicably on the 14th of May, Hëte-hëte, whonbsp;had connected himfelf with a family at Mattavae, took a paffage innbsp;the fhip to fee his friends at Ulietêa. Of various animals whichnbsp;had been left at Otaheite by the Refolution nine months before, thenbsp;only fpecies likely to multiply were goats and cats. The expeditionnbsp;to Eimëo proved fuccefsful in reftoring Motooaro to a temporarynbsp;pofleffion of the fovereignty of that ifiand.

Teiarraboo was Ihortly after revifited by the Spaniards, in two fllips from Lima, which anchored in Oweitapëha bay. The commander died there, and was buried on fliore, near a crofs which theynbsp;had ereäed, and inferibed with, “ Chrißus ‘vincitß and “ Carolus 3.nbsp;“ imperat.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They alfo conftruéled, of materials which they

had brought for the purpofe from Peru, a wooden houfe, confifting of two apartments, with loop-holes in the walls, which admitted air,nbsp;and might be ufed for defence with mufquetry. Two priefts, withnbsp;an attendant upon each, remained at this habitation when the fliipsnbsp;departed, and were peacefully and refpedlfully treated by the natives ;nbsp;but it does not appear that they had much converfation with them.nbsp;One of their attendants, however, frequently travelled in the ifland,nbsp;and became familiar with the language of the inhabitants. He toldnbsp;them many flanderous ftories of the Englifli, and aifured them thatnbsp;his countrymen had fallen in with Cook’s veflel and deftroyed it,nbsp;with the whole crew.

Four of the iflanders had failed in the Spanifli fliips to Lima, and two of them died there. The furvivors were brought back by thenbsp;fame veffels ten months afterward, and the priefls and their attendantsnbsp;were taken away. A bull and a ram, with fome goats, dogs, andnbsp;Spanifli fwine, were landed ; and the houfe and crofs were left ftand-ing, and carefully preferved by the natives. Thofe who had vifitednbsp;Peru, returned wholly to their former courfe of life : one of them

retained fome common Spanifh phrafes ; the other had the appearance of being deranged in mind.

Captain Cook once more revifited Otaheite in the Refolution, accompanied by Captain Clerke in the Difeovery, on their way to the north-weft coaft of America, in 1777. They anchored at Owei-tapeha on the 13th of Augufh, and found Teiarraboo at that timenbsp;fubjeét to a boy twelve years old, brother to the former Waheadooa,nbsp;who had died almoft two years before.

When the Refolution and Adventure left Otaheite in 1773, a native of the neighbouring ifland Huaheine, named Omae, had accompanied Captain Furneaux from the latter place, and proceeded tonbsp;England in the Adventure, after parting with the Refolution. Henbsp;returned from thence with Captain Cook on his third voyage. 1'hisnbsp;young man was not of the higher rank among his countrymen, nornbsp;were his talents of a fuperior caff. In England great attention wasnbsp;paid to him by fome of the nobility, but it was chiefly diredled to hisnbsp;amufement, and tended rather to augment than to diminifh his habitual profligacy. One friend of human kind, Mr. Granville Sharp,nbsp;took great pains to inftruót him in reading and writing, and to im-prefs his mind with ideas of morality and religion. Omae wasnbsp;fufceptible of convidlion by familiar arguments on the latter fubjeóhs,nbsp;and had made fuch progrefs by application to the former, thatnbsp;he wrote from the Cape of Good Hope a letter to Dr. Solander (whonbsp;had accompanied Sir Jofeph Banks in 1769) in Otaheitean wordsnbsp;exprclfed by Englifh characters. Having vifited the Friendly Iflandsnbsp;previoufly to his arrival at Otaheite, he had procured a garment richlynbsp;adorned with red and yellow feathers, which he defigned to prefent tonbsp;Otoo. This he delivered to young Waheadooa, requefting him tonbsp;tranfmit it to Otoo, in the hope of ingratiating himfelf at once withnbsp;both of the fovereigns in the ifland where he intended to fettle. Thenbsp;prize was, however, too valuable to pafs through the hands of thenbsp;young chief, who deemed a very fmall part of the feathers fufficientnbsp;to be fent to the monarch of the larger peninfula.

xxi

The fhips proceeded to Mattavae, and anchored there on the 24th of Auguft ; a friendly interview immediately took place with Otoonbsp;and his family, which remained in the fame Rate as formerly.nbsp;Captain Cook delivered into his charge an Englifh bull, three cows,nbsp;a horfe, a mare, and fome llicep, which had been conveyed fromnbsp;England with very great trouble, in the hope of rendering elTentialnbsp;fervice to thefe hofpitable iflanders. The Spanifh bull had beennbsp;tranfported from Teiarraboo to Mattavae on the way to Bolabola ; thenbsp;fovereign of that ifland having fent an emiflary, who pretended tonbsp;infpiration, to procure the bull from Waheadooa. Captain Cooknbsp;arriving in time to flop its progrefs, committed this animal alfo, whichnbsp;was of a capital breed, to the cuftody ot Otoo. Various domefticnbsp;fowls were likewife left with him, and garden-feeds planted in fomenbsp;ground cleared for the purpofe. Otoo had befides in his polfeffionnbsp;the gander that had been given ten years before by Captain Wallis tonbsp;Oberea. This lady had died fince the former vifits of the Refolution.nbsp;The body of Te, the king’s uncle, and minifter of Rate, who hadnbsp;then been dead four months, was ftill preferved from putrefaótion.nbsp;Hëte-hëte had arrived at Mattavae but a Ihort time before his Engliflinbsp;friends, to whom he fhewed an unabated attachment ; but he declinednbsp;the ufe of fome clothing which they had brought out as a prefent tonbsp;him. Omae having aóled as imprudently in the difpofal of hisnbsp;property at this place as at Teiarraboo, the defign of eftablilliing himnbsp;at Otaheite was relinquifhed.

Intelligence being received from' Eirrieo, that Mahëine had again revolted from Motooaro, and had obliged him to take refuge in thenbsp;mountains, Otoo earneftly entreated Captain Cook to take an adivenbsp;part in the quarrel, but he prudently declined to interfere. Humannbsp;facrifices were offered at Attahooroo to infure fuccefs to the expedition,nbsp;and Towha and Potatto again conduced the fleet belonging to theirnbsp;diftrids to attack Maheine. They found him, however, fo wellnbsp;prepared to receive them, that, after repeatedly applying to Otoo fornbsp;reinforcements, without procuring any, they concluded a peace on

J

terms which were advantageous to the revolters. There had been a great diverfity of fentiments among the chiefs on the fubject of thisnbsp;expedition, and the blame of its unfavourable iflue was imputed bynbsp;fome to the haftinefs of Towha, and by others to Otoo’s delay innbsp;augmenting the fleet. The jealoufy which had always fubfiftednbsp;between thefe great men was excited to fuch a degree, that Towhanbsp;vowed revenge againft Otoo, and was only prevented from executingnbsp;it by the menaces of Captain Cook. The latter quitted Mattavae onnbsp;the 29th of September 1777, and for the firfl: time vifited Eimeo.nbsp;Some thefts which the natives of that ifland committed, were punifhednbsp;by him with unprecedented feverity. He returned no more, beingnbsp;killed at the Sandwich Iflands on the i6th of February 1779.

Previous to that event Otoo efpoufed Iddëa, the elder After of Motooaro, with whom he thus became doubly connected by marriage. The firft child flic bore to him was immediately fuflbeated, .nbsp;that they might preferve their rank in the arreoe fociety ; but anbsp;fécond being born was preferved, and in confequence the title andnbsp;fovereign dignity of Otoo immediately devolved upon his infantnbsp;fon. The father retained his former power as regent, and in thenbsp;conduél of it he was greatly aflifted by his intelligent and adlivenbsp;confort. He has fince been called by various names fucceflively j but,nbsp;to avoid confufion, we fhall only ufe that of Pomärre, by which henbsp;has been known during the laft fix years.

Towha feems to have fuppreflèd his refentment till the ufual length of time between Captain Cook’s vifits at Otaheite had elapfed ; henbsp;then united the forces of Tettaha and Attahooroo with Maheinenbsp;againft thofe of Oparre and the eaftern diftrids. The conteft wasnbsp;frequently renewed, and ufually terminated to the advantage of Towha.nbsp;Pomarre’s war canoes being nearly deftroyed, his adverfaries purfuednbsp;their fuccefs by land, and laid wafte Oparre and Mattavae. Theynbsp;at length fuffered a fevere check by the death of Maheine, who wasnbsp;killed in battle by the hand of Wcidöoa, Pomarre’s younger brother.nbsp;This cataftrophe appears to have prevented the renewal of hoftilities

at Otaheite ; but the party of Motooaro was not powerful enough to eftablifh him as the fucceflbr of Maheine, whofe adopted fon,nbsp;Tareamoodöa, obtained at his dearth the fovereignty of Eimeo. Duringnbsp;thefe incurfions moft of the cattle that had been left at Oparre, andnbsp;had increafed there, were deftroyed ; the reft, confifting of feveralnbsp;cows and a difabled bull, were carried in triumph to Eimeo, and pre-ferved there.

Eleven years had nearly paffed without any intercourfe between Europe and Otaheite ; every inftrument of iron had been expended ;nbsp;and theloathfome difeafe, which, if not derived from Europeans, hadnbsp;certainly been increafed by their licentious conduél, had made dreadful havock among the iflanders of both fexes. At that late periodnbsp;an Englifh veflel arrived at Otaheite, feemingly with as little ofnbsp;defign on the one part, as of expectation on the other. A fhipnbsp;called the Lady Penrhyn, on board of which was Lieutenant Watts,nbsp;who had failed with Cook, was employed in tranfporting convidtsnbsp;to Port Jackfon, at the firft formation of the fettlement in Newnbsp;South Wales. Being bound from thence to China for a cargo homeward, fire took a courfe far to the eaftward ; and as the crew wasnbsp;extremely reduced by fcurvy, it was determined to flop at Otaheitenbsp;for refrefhments. Upon anchoring at Mattavae on the lOth of Julynbsp;1788, Lieutenant Watts was immediately recognifed by Moânna,nbsp;an elderly chief of that diftriót. Pomärre, who no longer relidednbsp;in that neighbourhood, arrived four days afterward, probably fromnbsp;Teiarraboo, bringing with him a portrait of Captain Cook, whichnbsp;Mr. Webber had painted at his requeft during the laft voyage.nbsp;Veracity having been thought needlefs by Europeans in their tranf-atftions with the iflanders, it was judged proper at that time tonbsp;conceal the death of Captain Cook, and to make prefents in hisnbsp;name to Pomärre. This idle deception proved afterward highlynbsp;detrimental.

Iron utenfils were fought by the iflanders with the utmoft avidity; while fome red feathers, which had been brought from Port Jackfon,

bore no price with them. The ring of an anchor, which M. de Bougainville had loll ten years before at Hedëa, was produced bynbsp;Pomarre, who requefted to have it forged into fmall adzes. The ut-moft abundance of animal and vegetable food was fupplied in exchange for European articles • and betides the original produdlions ofnbsp;the ifland, pumpkins and capficums, cats and goats, were offerednbsp;for fale. It was obferved, that the women of the higher clafs werenbsp;more cautious than formerly of promifeuous intercourfe, probablynbsp;in confequence of what they had fuffered from difeafe. -Pomarrenbsp;was importunate with Mr. Watts to affift him in punifhing andnbsp;fubduing the people of Eimeo. He complained greatly of the longnbsp;abfence of the Englifh, and of the fhortnefs of their prefent flay,nbsp;which was only for a fortnight. Hëte-hëte, who was at Mattavae,nbsp;begged to be taken to UIietëa ; but Pomarre being unwilling to partnbsp;with him, he was obliged to remain.

An event approached which iffued in an important change of the condition of Otaheite. The information which had been receivednbsp;by the former voyages of the great utility of the bread-fruit, induced the merchants and planters of the Britifli Weft Indian iflandsnbsp;to requeft that means might be ufed to tranfplant it thither. For thisnbsp;benevolent purpofe a fhip was commiffioned by his Majefty, whichnbsp;was named the Bounty j and Lieutenant Bligh, who had failed asnbsp;mafter with Captain Cook, was appointed to conduét her to Otaheite,nbsp;where the plants might be moft eafily and abundantly procured.nbsp;He arrived at Mattavae on the 26th of Odlober 1788, hardly morenbsp;than three months after Lieutenant Watts’s departure. Happae andnbsp;Orapeia were found there, and the latter was peculiarly anxious tonbsp;prevent his countrymen from pradlifing their ufual thefts. Thenbsp;frame of Captain Cook’s pidlure, which had fuffered fome damagenbsp;by its removals, was brought to^be mended ; and on the 28th Pomarre arrived with Iddea from a diftridt of Teiarraboo, where he hadnbsp;taken up his refidence. Weidooa, who had gained great credit bynbsp;his prowefs in battle, but was exceffively addidled to the intoxicating

liquor of the ava root, and a chief of Mattavae, named Poeno, . were generally of the vifiting parties. A garden was planted nearnbsp;the houfes belonging to the latter and to Moanna. Potatto andnbsp;Orette, and his kinfmen, renewed their friendlhip with the Englilh.nbsp;The young fovereign, who was about fix years old, was only to benbsp;accofted from the oppofite fide of a river at Oparre. The Englifhnbsp;were required to make their fhoulders bare when in his prefence ;nbsp;but they compromifed this ceremony by uncovering their heads. Henbsp;was accompanied by a younger brother and a lifter, befide whomnbsp;Iddea had alfo a female infant by Pomarre j yet lhe cohabitednbsp;openly at that time with one of his fervants, and has done fo evernbsp;fince. Teppahöo, an uncle of Pomarre, had deftroyed eight children, in order to preferve his rank as an arreoe. He refided at Tet-taha as chief of that diftridl. Tow ha being dead. The wife of thenbsp;latter, Wanno-ôora furvived him, and was much refpeéfed.

Lieutenant Bligh having made very handfome prefents from the king of Great-Britain to Pomarre, informed him that the moft acceptable return would be a large quantity of the young bread-fruitnbsp;plants, and that he would oblige him by carrying them in hisnbsp;¦cabin for King George ; which was immediately confented to. Pomarre exprelfed little concern about the lofs of the cattle, but muchnbsp;defire to be revenged upon the people of Eimeo ; and he was gratified with two mufkets, a pair of piftols, and a confiderable ftocknbsp;of ammunition. He had not fufficient fortitude to ufe thefe articlesnbsp;himfelf ; but Hete-hete, who remained with him, was a goodnbsp;markfman; and although it is not cuftomary for the females ofnbsp;Otaheite to go to battle, Iddea, whofe perfonal ftrength and couragenbsp;were unufually great, had learned to ufe a mufket with fome dexterity.

Oberreróa, the mother of Pomarre, came from the fmall iflands of Tethuröa, and vifited the Bounty with difficulty, being old andnbsp;corpulent. She feems to have been a native of Ulietea, from whencenbsp;ibme of her relations, who were chiefs in that ifland, came to Mattavae at this time. One of them brought an ewe, which Captainnbsp;c

xxvi

Cook had left at Ulietea, and which was then almoft dcftroyed by the mange. Another, who was at that time called Tootahä, feemsnbsp;to be the fame perfon fince known by the name of Manne-männe,nbsp;the brother of Oberreroa, and heir apparent to the fovereignty ofnbsp;Ulietea and Otahâ, but by office a pried. Be fide the ffieep, whichnbsp;fhortly died, a bull was procured from Hcdca, and a cow from Tet-taha; and both were committed to the charge of Pomarre, from whomnbsp;the former had been obtained by a perfon pretending to be infpired.

On Chriftmas-day the Bounty was removed to a reef harbour on the coaft of Oparre, the bay of Mattavae having become dangerous throughnbsp;the variable and violent winds which are common at that feafon.nbsp;Nearly eight hundred pots of bread-fruit plants were then taken onnbsp;board, and upwards of one thoufand plants were afterward added,nbsp;together with fome of the eve, ehëya, rätta, oräya, tou, and matte trees;nbsp;and the te, yappe, and pea roots. The length of time employed innbsp;collelt;fling thefe, was attended with the defertion of feveral among thenbsp;feamen, who were purfued toTethuroaby Orapeia, and at length werenbsp;feized at Tettaha. The fliip’s cable was cut nearly through, evidentlynbsp;with the defign of letting the Ihip drive on Ihore in tempeftuous weather.nbsp;This is faid to have been done by Weidooa, on account of an officernbsp;to whom he was attached, and who had been put in confinement onnbsp;board. The thefts of the inhabitants likewife increafed with the delay,nbsp;but the chiefs exerted themfelves to bring them to punifliment. Somenbsp;maize had been planted fince the arrival of the Bounty, whichnbsp;ripened before Ihe failed. Captain Cook’s piélure, which-had, bynbsp;Pomarre’s requeft, been kept on board the fhip, was then deliverednbsp;again to him, with the date of the fhip’s arrival and departure recorded upon the back of the piólure, which has ever fince beennbsp;praólifed by commanders of Englifh men of war. The Bountynbsp;was unmoored the 4th of April 1789, having remained at Otaheitenbsp;more than five months.

The fituation of Pomarre was evidently at that time neither comfortable nor fecure. He earneftly defired Captain Bligh to take himfel-f

and Iddea to Britain. Hete-hete equally wiflied to go in the fllip. A coolnefs then fubfifted between Pomarre and Orapeia,nbsp;which was fuppofed to have arifen from a difagreement of theirnbsp;wives. Shortly after the departure of the fhip a revolution tooknbsp;place at Eimeo, by which Motooaro’s authority was eftablifhed.nbsp;Tareamoodoa took refuge in Attahooroo, and was afterward entertained by Temarre at Papparä, where he remained in a private flation.

The Bounty returned to Mattavae on the 6th of June, having in the mean time been feized by twenty-five of the crew, who hadnbsp;mutinied, and turned adrift Lieutenant Bligh, and eighteen officers andnbsp;feamen, in the launch belonging to the flrip. Fletcher Chriftian, thenbsp;mafter’s mate, a young man of refpeäiable connexions and goodnbsp;talents, was chofen to command the mutineers. He had perfuadednbsp;them to go to Tooböuae, a fmall ifland .ninety leagues to thenbsp;fouthward of Otaheitej preferring it to the latter, as being lefsnbsp;expofed to vifits from Europeans. Having found Toobouae defli-tute of animal provifions, he brought the ffiip again to Otaheite,nbsp;to procure fome flock for the fettlement which he intended to make.nbsp;He availed himfelf, for this purpofe, of the fiólion which hadnbsp;been hitherto fupported refpeóling Captain Cook j aflèrting that theynbsp;had met with him, and that he had fent the fhip back for all thenbsp;live flock that could be fpared, in order to form a fettlementnbsp;at a place which Captain Bligh had difeovered in his courfe toward the Friendly Iflands.’ The inhabitants gave credit to hisnbsp;flory, and vied with each other fhould furnifli mofl for thenbsp;fervice of Captain Cook; fo that by the i6th of June, four hundrednbsp;and fixty hogs, fifty goats, and great quantities of fowls, dogs, andnbsp;cats were colleóled. The bull and cow, which had been committednbsp;to the charge of Pomarre by Captain Bligh, were alfo taken awayjnbsp;but the former died on the paflage, from the falls he received. Elevennbsp;female Otaheiteans failed with the mutineers j and it was foon foundnbsp;that thirteen male natives, among whom was Hete-hete, had concealed themfelves in the fhip. When informed of the real deflination

e 3

of the veflel, and of the great improbability there was that they would ever return to their own country, they difcovered no diflatisfaótion ;nbsp;but adhered cheerfully and faithfully to the mutineers during theirnbsp;fruitlefs attempts to eftablifh themfelves at Toobouae.

Subfequent to the fécond departure of the Bounty from Otaheite, a Swedifh armed velTel, commanded by J. H. Cox, arrived there.nbsp;Captain Cox was received by Pomarre and Iddea with their ufualnbsp;hofpitalityj and in return made them prefents, among which werenbsp;fome more fire-arms and ammunition, a hand-faw, and an unionnbsp;jack. The latter became a fubftitute for Captain Wallis’s pendant,nbsp;as the enfign of royalty. A fhrewd and adtive fellow, named Brown,nbsp;a native of England or North America, was left by Captain Coxnbsp;upon the ifland, in confequence of a quarrel between him and hisnbsp;fllipmates, in which he had maimed one of them. This man attached himfelf to Pomarre, with whom he went to refide at a diftridlnbsp;of Teiarraboo, where the latter had fome private property. He hadnbsp;taken up his abode there, apparently with a view to increafe his political influence, in hope that the fmaller peninfula might at lengthnbsp;, be brought under the dominion of his fon.

A majority of the mutineers having determined, contrary to Fletcher Chriftian’s inclination, upon returning from Toobouae tonbsp;Otaheite, the Bounty was anchored a third time at Mattavae, on thenbsp;22d of September 1789. Sixteen of the fliip’s company then landed,nbsp;with their proportion of the property and arms that were on board.nbsp;The reft failed fuddenly in the night with Chriftian, and havenbsp;never fince been heard of. Thirty-five of the iflanders, including men,nbsp;women, and children, accompanied them. His profefled defign wasnbsp;to fettle in fome uninhabited ifland, out of the ufual tracks of Europeannbsp;fllips. Among the people who remained at Otaheite, were feveralnbsp;who had not been aólive in the mutiny ; and fome who had wiflied tonbsp;accompany Captain Bligh in the boat, but were detained by the reft,nbsp;as they could not conveniently be fpared. They were hofpitablynbsp;received by their old friends at Mattavae and Oparre, and lands werenbsp;4

I

afligned for their ufe in thefe diftrids, which they preferred to others where they were lefs acquaintèd.

The more ingenious, and induftrious among them employed themfelves in the conftruólion of a fchooner, about the fize ofnbsp;the paflage-boats between London and Gravefend. It was difficultnbsp;to find, and to convey from the mountains, timber fuited to theirnbsp;purpofe J and Hill more fo, to fubftitute fuch articles as were to benbsp;obtained in the country, for the necelfary iron-work, pitch, andnbsp;rigging. The natives, although they pilfered other things, nevernbsp;fiole their tools, but afiified them occafionally in the laborious partsnbsp;of their work ; and were lefs furprifed at their Ikill, than at theirnbsp;perfeverance in fuch an undertaking. It was hardly to be expedted,nbsp;that the whole of the party who had engaged in it, would adherenbsp;to each other till it was completed. One of them, namednbsp;Churchill, who had been mafier at arms in the fiiip, and wasnbsp;very adlive in the mutiny, accepted an invitation to live withnbsp;Waheadooa, who was fovereign of Teiarraboo at the time that Cooknbsp;lafi vifited that peninfula. Another, named Thompfon, one of thenbsp;mofi ignorant and brutal of the crew, accompanied him ; but they verynbsp;fliortly difagreed. Waheadooa died foon afterward, without children;nbsp;and Churchill, having been his tayo, fucceeded to his property andnbsp;dignity, according to the eftablifhed cuftom of the country. Thomp-.nbsp;fon was excited by envy of Churchill’s preferment, and by revengenbsp;for fome tricks he had played him, to take an opportunity of flioot.,nbsp;ing him. The natives rofe to puniffi the murder of their new fove--reign, and fioned Thompfon to death. A boy of four years old,nbsp;who was nephew of the late Waheadooa, and fon of the chief ofnbsp;Weiooröo, was acknowledged as the fucceflbr of his uncle, whofcnbsp;name devolved upon him, as it had before done upon Churchill.

Pomarre was anxious that the reft of the Englilh fhould remain unconnedted with Teiarraboo; but confented that fome of themfliouldnbsp;take up their refidence at Pappara with Temarre, who continued tonbsp;be on terms of friendlhip with him. They had all been conftantly

and plentifully fupplied with provifions by Pomarre’s orders, and he at length requefted in return their affiflance to attack Eiineo, wherenbsp;another infurreólion was formed againft Motooaro. They declined tonbsp;go thither, but cleaned for him the arms which Captain Bligh andnbsp;Captain Cox had given him, Hete-hete, who remained at Otaheitenbsp;when the Bounty failed, and a few other natives who had learnednbsp;to ufe them, eafily turned the fcale of vidlory againft the infurgents, and confirmed Motooaro in the peaceable pofleflion of hisnbsp;rights.

A few months afterwards the weftern diftridls of Attahooroo and Tettaha (where Teppahoo had died, and his fucceflbr Tetöwha wasnbsp;inimical to Otoo) invaded both Oparre and Pappara, through jea-loufy of the growing power of the royal family. On this occafionnbsp;the mutineers thought it neceflary, for their own fafety, to arm on thenbsp;fide of their friends. Their fchooner having at length been launched,nbsp;rigged, and provided with every thing neceffary, they failed withnbsp;a fleet of war canoes from the north-eaftern diftridts againft Attahooroo } which was likewife attacked from the quarter of Papparanbsp;by Temarre and the Englifli people refiding with him. Potatto,nbsp;Tetowha, and their adherents, took refuge in the mountains, and in anbsp;fhort time obtained peace by fubmitting toOtoo’s authority. They alfonbsp;furrendered to him the royal maro, which was carried in triumph to thenbsp;morae at Oparre, after having remained at Attahooroo twenty-onenbsp;years. Tetowha, who was a young man of remarkable comelinefs,nbsp;died foon afterwards, and an uncle of Pomarre’s was appointed in hisnbsp;ftead. Potatto, through the interceflion of the Englifli, was allowednbsp;to retain his authority in Attahooroo. After paying a vifit to Motooaro, with whom fome of them refided from that time, they laid upnbsp;the fchooner at Mattavae during the tempeftuous feafon, which ufuallynbsp;prevails between November and March.

Early in 1791 the ceremony took place of invefting Otoo with the royal'garment, on which occafion Captain Cox’s flag was fent entirelynbsp;round the ifland in token of the young chief’s fupremacy. It was

admitted to pafs through Teiarraboo, from fear of Pomarre’s Englifh allies, rather than from willingnefs to fubmit to him. He thereforenbsp;propofed to them to affift his own and Temarre’s people, in compelling the inhabitants of that peninfula to abfolute fubmiflion. Thenbsp;chief part of the mutineers having agreed to the propofal, theynbsp;again launched and provided their fchooner, failed from, Mattavaenbsp;21 ft March, leaving only four of their number there, and reachednbsp;Pappara on the 24th. In the mean time the Pandora frigate, commanded by Captain Edwards, which had been fent from Englandnbsp;on hearing of the mutiny in the Bounty, arrived at Otaheite, andnbsp;anchored at Mattavae on the 23d. The Englilhmen who had remained there, went on board the fame day, and were immediatelynbsp;put into confinement. Lieutenants Corner and Hayward, the latternbsp;of whom had failed in the Bounty, and accompanied Captain Blighnbsp;in the launch, were difpatched with two of the Pandora’s boats, tonbsp;purfue the fchooner. The mutineers had hardly anchored at Pappara, when a melfenger, whom Hete-hete had fent by land, informed them of what had befallen their comrades ; upon whichnbsp;they immediately failed again, with three others who lived at Pappara, leaving behind only one of their party, and Brown wlroranbsp;they had met there. The former walked all night toward Mattavae,nbsp;and furrendered himfelf on board the fhip the next day j when alfonbsp;the boats returned thither, not having been able to overtake thenbsp;fchooner, which had fleered for the fouth-eaflernmoft point of thenbsp;ifland. She, however, returned to Pappara on the 27th, and fix ofnbsp;the mutineers went up to the hills within the country ; the othernbsp;three were kept in confinement that night and the next day by thenbsp;orders of Temarre, who likewife feized the fchooner. In the nightnbsp;of the 28th they efcaped, by Brown’s affiftance, to the weftern coafl,nbsp;and reached, by daybreak, a boat with which Lieutenant Cornernbsp;had come from the fhip the preceding day in purfuit of them. Henbsp;left them, with the boat, in the charge of a petty officer, andnbsp;afeended the heights, guided by Orapeia, to difeover the retreat of

xxxii nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

the reft. Lieutenant Hayward having proceeded by water to Pappara, and fearched for them in vain, was informed the next forenoon, thatnbsp;they were coming down to furrender themfelves, which they did,nbsp;laying down their arms as they approached his party ; and Mr.nbsp;Hayward fent information to Lieutenant Corner, who was defcendingnbsp;after them into the valley.

During the whole time of the mutineers’ continuance at Otaheite, Pomarre had remained at Teiarraboo, but upon the arrival of the Pandoranbsp;he repaired with his family to Oparre. He had then, in addition to Iddea,nbsp;taken to wife her younger fifter, Weirëde ; but was ftill equallynbsp;influenced by the advice of the former. He readily co-operated withnbsp;the Britifh offlcers in their meafures for fecuring the mutineers, andnbsp;Was anxious to prevent bad confequences from the refentment ofnbsp;families with which they had formed connexions. Few of thefenbsp;¦appear to have been highly refpedlable ; but one inftance occurred of anbsp;Very affeding nature; A midfhipman, who had been adive in thenbsp;mutiny, had lived with the daughter of a perfon of property atnbsp;Mattavae, and fhe had borne a child to him. His imprifonment andnbsp;removal afflided her to fuch a degree as to bring on a decline thatnbsp;terminated in her death. Her infant was left to the care of a fifter,nbsp;who cheri filed it with the utmoft tendernefs. Three daughters and anbsp;fon were left by others of the mutineers.

Notwithftanding the mournful interviews that- daily took place on board, between the Engliflrmen, who were kept in irons, andnbsp;the native women with^ whom they had lived, the ufual courfenbsp;of feftivity, amufements, and debaucheries, was uninterruptednbsp;during the continuance of the fhip at Otaheite. She failednbsp;on the 8th of May, accompanied by the fchooner which the mutineers had built, under the command of a petty officer from thenbsp;Pandora. Brown, who had never been on friendly terms with thenbsp;mutineers, came away in the fhip ; and Hete-hete went in her tonbsp;Bolabola, his native ifland. Pomarre and his wives were alfo ftillnbsp;flefirous of quitting the ifland, but their departure was ftrongly

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;xxxiü

oppofed by Orapeia and other chiefs, whole perfuafions pre-' vailed.

Of the fourteen people who were feized at Otaheite, and taken away in the Pandora, four were drowned when the fhip was callnbsp;away on her return; the reft were preferved in boats, and broughtnbsp;to trial in England. Four of them were acquitted, as having had nonbsp;concern in the mutiny ; and were moftly provided for in Greenwichnbsp;Hofpital. Another was difcharged, his con vidlion not having beennbsp;legally condudled. Two were pardoned, and have fince been employed in the navy. The remaining three were executed at Spithead.

At the clofe of the fame year Captain Vancouver, in a fliip named the Difcovery, and Lieutenant Broughton in the Chatham brig,nbsp;arrived at Otaheite. The veffels having been feparated on their padage, the Chatham firfl reached that ifland, which was appointed fornbsp;their rendezvous. She anchored at Mattavae on the 27th of December 1791, and the Difcovery joined her three days later, Po-marre was then at Eimeo, but returned the following week withnbsp;Motooaro, who was much reduced in health, and died a fortnightnbsp;afterward. Another chief of the fame name, who was fovereign ofnbsp;Huaheine, but acknowledged the fupremacy of Otoo, was at Mattavae when the fhips arrived, and remained there while they flaid.nbsp;Mannemanne, then named Moure, although he had fucceedednbsp;Opöone in ' the fovereignty of Ulietea and Otaha, refided chiefly atnbsp;Otaheite. The expedition which had been meditated againfl Teiar-raboo had been carried into effeól, and the younger brother of Otoonbsp;had been appointed chief of that peninfula. Orapeia refided therenbsp;as regent for his nephew, and Weidpoa at Oparre. Pomarre hadnbsp;fixed his abode at Eimeo, and the inhabitants of that iflandnbsp;became reconciled and attached to his government, as regent for thenbsp;daughter of the deceafed Motooaro. Potatto remained likewife innbsp;amity and fubjeélion. Happae was flill capable of adlivity, andnbsp;was then treated with reverence by his three fons, who were alfonbsp;cordially attached to each other. They all behaved with their ufualnbsp;f

hofpitality toward the Englilh j but they could not difluade Pomarre from the moft immoderate ufe of fpirituous liquors, till his fuf-ferings convinced him of the ncccffity of temperance. Some thefts,nbsp;which were evidently encouraged by the chiefs, interrupted thenbsp;friendfhip that had prevailed ; and prevented the repetition of anbsp;difplay of fireworks, with which they had been greatly delighted.nbsp;The veflels failed on the 24th of January 1792.

Shortly afterward a private Ihip, named the Matilda, Captain Weatherhead, touched at Otaheite for refreihments, having failednbsp;from Port Jackfon upon the fouthern whale filhery. After a fortnight’s ftay they departed, and on the 25th of February, the fhipnbsp;was wrecked upon an extenfive reef in 22° fouth latitude,. ijS’i weftnbsp;longitude. The captain and crew efcaped in their boats to Otaheite gt;nbsp;but upon landing again at that ifland, the inhabitants plundered themnbsp;of the articles they had faved from the wreck. This event became annbsp;occafion of contention among the iflanders, and a part of the countrynbsp;was in confequence laid wafte by Pomarre. The fhip’s company were,nbsp;in other refpeóts, well treated. A fmall vefleL, called the Princenbsp;William Henry, touching at Otaheite on the 26th of March, flayednbsp;only three days. Some of the Matilda’s people embarked in her, andnbsp;proceeded to the north-weft coaft of America.

Captain Bligh having been again fent out, to accomplifh the purpofes of his former voyage which had been fruftrated by the mutiny,nbsp;arrived at Otaheite on the 7th of April 1792, in a fhip named thenbsp;Providence, attended by a fmall veffel called the Afliftance, commanded by Lieutenant Portlock. Pomarre refided at Oparre whilftnbsp;the veflels remained. Peace was reftored between the contendingnbsp;diftriéls by Captain Bligh’s interference, and human facrifices werenbsp;offered on the occafion. A fécond colleólion of bread-fruit plants, amp;c.nbsp;was made, with which he failed after a ftay of three months.nbsp;Hetehete, and one of Pomarre’s domeftics, accompanied him to thenbsp;Weft Indies, where the former remained to take care of the plants inbsp;the other came to England, but did not long furvive his arrival.

Several of the Matilda’s people who chofe to continue upon the . ifland, attached themfelves to different families, and lived in indolence and plenty.

The Dædalus ftorefliip, Captain New, had followed Captain Vancouver from England to Nootka Sound, and was difpatched fromnbsp;thence, with Lieutenant Hanfon on board, to Port Jackfon. In hernbsp;way thither fhe flopped a fortnight at Otaheite, in February 1793.nbsp;The fhip’s company were treated with the utmoft friendfhip j and twonbsp;of the crew deferted, in order to fettle among the natives. One ofnbsp;them was recovered by the contrivance of Orapeia, who advifed thenbsp;captain to detain him on board till the man fhould be fent back ; andnbsp;having aâed his part fo well as to accomplifh the purpofe, he thennbsp;diverted himfelf at the expenfe of his friends. The other deferter,nbsp;who was a Swede, was fuffered to remain at Otaheite, where he wasnbsp;found by Captain Wilfon. Only one of the Matilda’s crew chofe tonbsp;depart with the Dædalus.

No information refpedting this ifland having tranfpired between the voyages of the Dædalus and the Duff, we refer to the narrative ofnbsp;the latter for the intervening occurrences. Two private fhips, namednbsp;the Jenny and the Britannia, were at different periods at Otaheite, butnbsp;neither the events nor the dates of their vifits are accurately known.nbsp;It is reported that feveral of the Matilda’s crew left the ifland in onenbsp;of thefe veffels ; and that fome of them ventured acrofs the Pacificnbsp;Ocean in their boats, one of which is underflood to have reachednbsp;Timor.

The numerous detached accounts, from which the preceding narrative has been with difficulty compiled, cannot but excite painful fenfations in a ferions mind. While, in fome refpeóls, the prudencenbsp;and humanity of our navigators are confpicuous, how much is itnbsp;to be lamented, that, in various important views, they appear tonbsp;have derived from the knowledge of chriflianity no advantage overnbsp;the heathen world ! More damage than benefit certainly has refultednbsp;from their intercourfe. The manners of the natives had become morenbsp;f 3

depraved by means of the frequent vifi ts which occurred during the firfl ten years : and they had, in fome degree, evidently ameliorated duringnbsp;an equal fpace of time, in which the illand was wholly deferted bynbsp;Europeans. For ten years pafl, nominal Chriftians have almoft con-flantly refided there ; and the refult appears from the Hate in whichnbsp;the inhabitants were found by Captain Wilfon. It is confolatory tonbsp;clofe this hiftorical view of Otaheite with the arrival and fettlement ofnbsp;feveral real Chriftians in that ifland, who have devoted their lives tonbsp;the purpofes of inftrudting the natives by their doctrine and examplenbsp;in the purity of the gofpel ; and of imparting to them the moftnbsp;eflential benefits of civilization, without the vices too often attendantnbsp;upon it..nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

f

Ißands connccïed with Otaheite.

MOST of the iflands which maintain an intercourfe with Otaheite,. have been repeatedly mentioned in the preceding narrative. That whichnbsp;more immediately depends upon it; is

Tethuröa, confifting of feveral fmall low iftets, enclofed in a reef about ten leagues in circuit ; and fituated a little to the weftwardnbsp;of north from Point Venus, at the diftance of eight leagues. It is thenbsp;property of the fovereign of Otaheite, who allows no bread-fruit tonbsp;be planted upon thefe fpots ; that the people who. inhabit them, maynbsp;be obliged to bririg the filh which abound there, to Oparre, to be exchanged for bread-fruit. The reef is inaceefiible to large canoes, andnbsp;Pomarre has therefore made ufe of this place as a magazine for hisnbsp;moft valuable articles of property, not being expofed to the depredationsnbsp;of a hoftile fleet. The iflets alfo abound with cocoa-nuts, whichnbsp;flourilh moft upon the loweft places.. They are reforted to by the wandering fociety of the arreoes, efpecially the women, and by the effeminate clafs, with the purpofe of increafing the delicacy of theirnbsp;appearance. The paffage is often difficult and dangerous. The ftatednbsp;inhabitants have been reprefented as few ; but the occafional concourfe

of people is fuch, that in the moft variable and tempeftuous feafon of the year, one hundred canoes have been feen together upon this fpot.

The only illand, be fide Tethuroa, that is in abfolute iubjection to Otaheite is M aitb a, which belongs to the chief of Teiarrabpo. It isnbsp;lituated to the eaft of that peninfula, at the didance of more thannbsp;twenty leagues j and being, though fmall, very lofty., is alwaysnbsp;obferved by perfons who approach Otaheite from the eaftward. It isnbsp;not above three miles in circuit, and the north fide is too deep fornbsp;habitations ; but the fouthern fide defcends more* gradually, and has anbsp;border of low land next the fea. This little ifland is very populous,nbsp;but lefs civilized than Otaheite, from whence it is vifited by a largenbsp;war canoe during the variable winds, and pearls are procured in exchange for the iron work that can be fpared. To the eaftward it isnbsp;encloled by a coral reef. It is in latitude 17“ 53^, weft longitudenbsp;,148“ 12d It is the only high ifland adjacent to the eaftward ofnbsp;Otaheite, and - maintains intercourfe wifhjfome of the low iflandsnbsp;toward the north-eaft.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;‘

The ifland neareft to Otaheite is that called, by Captain Cook, E1MË0,. but more ufually named Morëa by the natives. Its diftancenbsp;from the weftern coaft of Otaheite is about four leagues. Its extentnbsp;has been vafioufly reprefented, but is probably about ten miles fromnbsp;north to fouth, and half as much in breadth. It differs fromnbsp;Otaheite in having land-locked harbours in feveral parts of its coaft,nbsp;.and in being interfeóted .by fpacious valleys; It has a very narrownbsp;border of low land next the fea, from whence the hills rife in fuddennbsp;acclivities j but from the harbours on the northern fhore they afcendnbsp;gradually, and the lower hills appear to be the moft fertile parts. Itsnbsp;hiftory has been interwoven with that of Otaheite, with which itnbsp;appears to be at prefent amicably and firmly conneóled. The nativesnbsp;are ftrongly addicted to theft j, and the females have been thought inferior in beauty to thofe of any neighbouring ifland. The harbour ofnbsp;Taloo, on the north, coaft, which is thought moft eligible for veffels,nbsp;is fituated in 17° 30' latitude, 150'^ weft longitude. Enneo was

unavoidably feen by every navigator who has vifited Otaheitc. Captain Wallis named it the Duke of York’s ifland.

The ifland nearefl: to the weftward from Eimeo is Tapoqa-MÂNOO, which was difcovered on the 28th of July 1767 by Captain Wallis, and called by him, Sir Charles Saunders’s ifland. It is fituatednbsp;in latitude 17° 28^ weft longitude 150° 40''. Its greateft extent isnbsp;from eaft to weft, about fix miles. Its centre rifes in a mountainnbsp;with a double peak ; but the greater part had a fertile appearance, andnbsp;the lower grounds abounded with cocoa-nut trees. The habitationsnbsp;feemed to be fmall, and not very numerous. Its government hasnbsp;ufually depended upon that of Huaheine, from whence it is diftantnbsp;about fourteen leagues, fouth by eaft. It is not known that Europeansnbsp;ever landed upon it.

Huaheine (or Ahêine, which fignifies woman) is the eaftern-moft ifland of the group called the Society Iflands by Captain Cook, who difcovered them in July 1769 -, and it is twenty-eight leagues tonbsp;the north-weft of Otaheite, being fituated in latitude 16® 43', 151° ƒnbsp;weft longitude. It has about feven leagues of circuit, and is divided intonbsp;two peninfulas by an ifthmus overflowed at high water : in othernbsp;parts of the ifland there are alfo fait lakes near the fea. It has a verynbsp;narrow ftripe of fertile low land next the fliorc; and the hills, whichnbsp;are not nearly fo high as thofe of Otaheite, but more ftronglynbsp;marked by volcanic fire, are in fome parts entirely cultivated. Thenbsp;produdlions are fimilar to thofe of Otaheite, but earlier in their feafon.nbsp;The men are generally larger and more robuft : both fexes are lefsnbsp;timid and lefs curious. They were more daring in their thefts fromnbsp;the Englifli, having never felt the force of their weapons of de-ftrudlion in the manner that the Otaheiteans had done.

Huaheine was always vifited by Captain Cook on departing from Otaheite. During his firft two voyages, the fovereign powernbsp;over Huaheine was vefted in a friendly old man named Ore, who adtednbsp;as regent for a boy named Tairetarëa. He was not more than ten yearsnbsp;old in 1777, but Ore had then been obliged to refign the government,

and no one feeming to fucceed him as regent, there was confcquently very little authority maintained. It has fince that time been vifitednbsp;by Lieutenant Watts, Captain Bligh, and Captain Edwards; butnbsp;no farther information is afforded by their voyages refpeding the government of the country. In the clofe of 1791, it appears that thenbsp;chiefs of Huaheine, and of Tapooamanoo, acknowledged thenbsp;fupremacy of Otoo. The wars of Huaheine have always had anbsp;relation to the ifland next to be mentioned.

Ulietëa, or, more properly, Reiadëa, is fituated feven leagues W.S.W. from Huaheine. It is wholly furrounded by reefs, inter-fperfed with fmall iflands, and forming feveral harbours. One ofnbsp;thefe, upon the north-weftern coaft, is in latitude 16quot; 45'i, weftnbsp;longitude 151° 34''!. It is lefs populous and fertile than Huaheine,nbsp;although above twice its extent, and more refembling Otaheite in itsnbsp;appearance ; but, like the former, it has feveral fait marlhes ornbsp;lagoons. The inhabitants are in general fmaller and darker thannbsp;thofe of the preceding iflands. Its importance in the clufter to whichnbsp;it belongs, is not now proportionate to its relative magnitude. A fewnbsp;years before Captain Wallis’s vifit to Otaheite, it was the moftnbsp;eminent of the group, and in ftriót alliance with the adjacent iflandnbsp;of Otaha, as well as with Huaheine. Its decline appears to havenbsp;originated in the feceffion of Otaha from this league. The fleets ofnbsp;Huaheine and Ulietea were attacked by the Angle force of Bolabola.nbsp;The combat was likely to iffue in favour of the united fleets, whennbsp;that of Otaha came up to aflift Bolabola, and decided the victorynbsp;by a great flaughter of their opponents, who were already ex-haufted. They purfued their advantage with fuch alacrity andnbsp;fuccefs, that they conquered Huaheine, in an attack upon thatnbsp;ifland two days after their former engagement. Many inhabitantsnbsp;of both the fubjugated iflands took refuge at Otaheite; andnbsp;having obtained from thence a reinforcement of ten war canoes,nbsp;they landed at Huaheine in the night, and furprifed their conquerors; whom they partly deftroyed, and completely drove fromnbsp;3

that ifland. They could not, however, regain the ground that had nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

been loft at Ulietea. Its former fovereign, Ooröo, was permitted nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

to return to his hereditary diftridl, Oopoa, at the fouth-eaftern point of the ifland ; but Toopaea and Omae, with many others, were gt;.

deprived of their pofleflions, and compelled to feek fupport in other iflands, their property being feized by the-vidlorious chiefs. Thenbsp;latter foon quarrelled among themfelves. The people of Otahanbsp;claiming an equal lhare of the fpoil, were attacked, and fubdued,nbsp;by their formidable allies of Bolabola; and a chief from that ifland,nbsp;named Oreo, was appointed governor of Ulietea by the new fovereign,nbsp;Opoone. Both thefe perfons were at Ulietea when Captain Cooknbsp;vifited the ifland in 1769 j and Oreo kept the fame power during hisnbsp;latter voyages alfo; butin that of 1777, Ooroo, the former fovereign,nbsp;had removed to Huaheinej and Ore, who had been regent of thatnbsp;ifland, then refided at Ulietea.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;;

At the death of Opoone his dominions were divided, and both Ulietea and Otaha fell to the poflelTion of a brother of Iddea, nownbsp;known at Otaheite by the name of Mannemanne, who defigned thatnbsp;at his own deceafe the fovereignty of thefe iflands fliould revert to hisnbsp;nephew Otoo. His authority does not, however, appear to havenbsp;been fufticient to fecure the reverfion, nor even the polfelfion of thisnbsp;dignity; of which ne has fince been deprived ; either by his temporarynbsp;fubjeóls, or by their neighbours of Bolabola.

The people of Ulietea behaved very fubmiftively to Cook upon his firft vifit, apparently in the hope excited by Toopaea, that he wouldnbsp;refcue them from the yoke of Bolabola. He was alfo treated withnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;;

much friendfhip by Oreo; but the thefts which are cuftomary at thefe iflands could not be prevented by the authority of the latter.nbsp;The mythology adopted by thefe poor heathens feems to be betternbsp;underftood here than in the other iflands, and even to be regularlynbsp;taught in its feveral diftriéls. Both Toopaea and Mannemanne,nbsp;after being expelled from Ulietea, aóled as chief priefts at Otaheite,

Otaha is not more than two miles diftant from,the northernmoft

point of the preceding i fl and • and no paflage for fliipping has been found through the reef which connedls them. It is about half thenbsp;/ize of Ulietea, which it refembles in its afpedl, but is ftill lefs fertile ornbsp;populous. Captain Cook vifited it in 1769 with his boats, in company with Opoone, who then principally refided here. In 1773,nbsp;Lieutenant Pickerfgill went likewife in a boat entirely round thenbsp;ifland to procure provifions j but he was obliged to make reprifals,nbsp;in order to recover his Rock in trade which had been Rolen. Thenbsp;EngliRi were treated here with the fame tokens of refpedl that thenbsp;natives fliew to their own principal chiefs, in confequence of thenbsp;account which the latter had received from Toopaea. The clofenbsp;vicinity of Ulietea has rendered it unneceflary for any flyip to anchornbsp;at Otaha. Captain Edwards examined both thefe iflands on the lothnbsp;of May 1791, in his fearch after Fletcher Chriflian and his companions.

Bolabola (more ufually pronounced Borabora) is fituated four leagues N. W. of Otaha, to which it is inferior in extent j butnbsp;the reef with which it is furrounded is nearly full of iflets, muchnbsp;larger than thofe which are fcattered among the rocks that enclofenbsp;Otaha and Ulietea. It differs from thofe iflands, and from Huaheine,nbsp;in having but'one harbour on its coaR; whereas the fliores of thenbsp;others being Rrongly indented, form like the coaRs of Eimeo,nbsp;numerous places of fhelter for fliipping. It is alfo diflinguifhed bynbsp;a very lofty double-peaked mountain in its centre, and is more rudenbsp;and craggy than the reR of the Society ifles. Its eaRern fide has anbsp;barren appearance ; the weflern is more fertile ; a low border whichnbsp;furrounds the whole, together with the iflands on the reef, are productive and populous. Its earlieR inhabitants are faid to have beennbsp;malefactors baniflied from the neighbouring iflands. Their numbersnbsp;rapidly increafing, and their military prowefs rifing to great credit,nbsp;they eflablifhed their authority in both the iflands laR mentioned,nbsp;as well a? in the two which are next to be defcribed. Their conqueRsnbsp;acquired them fo much refpeCt, that the fuppofed tutelary divinity of

Bolabola, named Oorä, or Oraa, had been adopted 'by the people of Teiarraboo, in preference to two imaginary deities whom they formerly worlhipped. The Bolabolan warriors are pundured in a different manner from thofe of the more eaftern iflands.

Captain Cook did not land at Bolabola upon his firft or fécondquot; voyage. In 1777 he was prevented by contrary winds from anchoringnbsp;in the harbour, which is very fpacious ; and he landed in his boat,nbsp;to purchafe an anchor which had been loft by M. de Bougainville atnbsp;Hedea, and had been conveyed from thence to Bolabola for the gratification of Opoone. That chief, although then very old and feeble,nbsp;was ftill univerfally efteemed and feared. The ram which thenbsp;Spaniards had left at Oweitapeha, had alfo been fent to this diftantnbsp;place ; Captain Cook therefore prefented Opoone with an ewe tonbsp;accompany it. That chief having died, probably during the longnbsp;interval which elapfed between the voyages of Cook and thofe ofnbsp;later navigators, was fucceeded in his government of this and thenbsp;following iflands by his daughter. She was about twelve years oldnbsp;in 1774, and had then been betrothed to a chief named Boba, whonbsp;governed Otaha, under Opoone, and was defigned to fucceed him innbsp;the fovereignty. In 1791, when Captain Edwards vifited Bolabolanbsp;to inquire after the mutineers, a man, faid to be named Tatahoo,nbsp;had the chief authority. The identity of this perfon with Bobanbsp;is not rendered unlikely by the difference of names, one title beingnbsp;feldom borne fo long a time by the fame perfon. Thefe four iflandsnbsp;were named by Captain Cook the Society Iflands, on account ofnbsp;the (hort diftances by which they are feparated from each other. Thenbsp;licentious fociety called Arreoe, extends both to this group and tonbsp;Otaheite. The members of it wander perpetually in great numbersnbsp;“from one ifland to another, performing dances and plays, and indulging in every kind of profligacy.

The fmall ifland of Mauröoa lies about four leagues weft of the northern part of Bolabola, to which it is fubjedl. It is wholly fur-rounded by a reef, and its centre rifes in a high round hill. Its

produdlions and inhabitants are fimilar to thofe of the neighbouring countries ; but it has not any harbour for Ihipping. It is faid thatnbsp;pearls are procured from this ifland by the people of Otaheite.

Toobac, confining of fome very fmall low diets, connected by a reef, lies four or five leagues north of Bolabola ; to which it isnbsp;fubfervient, in a fimilar manner as Tethuroa, which it refembles, isnbsp;to Otaheite. The Rated inhabitants are only a few families ; but asnbsp;the coaft abounds with turtle, it is much reforted to, not only by thenbsp;Society iflanders, but by the natives of a low ifland to the eaftward,nbsp;called Papaa, which has not yet been feen by Europeans. It isnbsp;alTerted that their language is unintelligible to the natives of thenbsp;Society ifles j which leads to the fuppofition that fome colony hasnbsp;been formed there of a different race from all the neighbouringnbsp;iflanders. Two other fimilar alTemblages of iflets and reefs, whichnbsp;lie from thirty to forty leagues more weftward, are known to thenbsp;Society iflanders by the names Mopeha and Whennooa-oora. Theynbsp;were difeovered by Captain Wallis in 1’767, who called them Lordnbsp;Howe’s and Scilly iflands. The latter are inhabited, the former arcnbsp;only occafionally frequented. Both of them abound with cocoa-nutnbsp;trees, turtle, the pearl-oyfter, and all kinds of fifh common to thenbsp;climate.

To the eaftward of Otaheite are fcattered numerous other iflands, chiefly of the defcription of thofe laft mentioned, and commonly fullnbsp;of people. Many of them were difeovered by Quiros, Schouten andnbsp;Le Maire, Roggewein, Byron, Wallis, Carteret, Bougainville,nbsp;Cook, Edwards, Bligh, Vancouver and Broughton: and fome arenbsp;now added by Captain Wilfon. The intricacy and difficulty of thenbsp;navigation has procured thern the titles of the Labyrinth, and thenbsp;Dangerous Archipelago. They have been found difperfed from 14’nbsp;to 27° of latitude, and as far as 25° eaftward from Otaheite. AHnbsp;the inhabitants appear to be of the fame race with the Society iflanders,nbsp;but are fomewhat darker in their complexions, and more ferociousnbsp;in their manners. Many other iflands, befide thofe difeovered by

xliv

Europeans, have been defcribed by the natives of the Society ifles, as lying to the eaftward, fouthward, and weffward of their group ;nbsp;and feveral of them are reprefented as lofty, fertile, and extendve.nbsp;An ifland, called Oheteroa, fituated in latitude 22° 27', 150° 47' weftnbsp;longitude, was difcovered by Captain Cook 13th Augiift 1769, andnbsp;recognifed by Toopaea, who was then on board the Endeavour. Thenbsp;fame perfon laid down the pofitions of feventy-feven iHands, whichnbsp;were known to him either by obfervation or report. Not far fromnbsp;Oheteroa is T^oobouai, already mentioned as the ifland where Fletchernbsp;Chriftian attempted to form a fettlement. It lies in latitude 23° 25'*,nbsp;and 149“ 23'' weft longitude. Both theft iflands are populous, although neither of them is twenty miles in circuit. The formernbsp;differs from the Society Iflands only in having no furrounding reefnbsp;of eoral. The latter entirely refembles them in appearance ; but thenbsp;natives are more ftdate and lefs hofpitable. It was firft inhabitednbsp;within a few paft generations, by fome people who had attempted tonbsp;go with a canoe from an ifland far to the weftward, toward anothernbsp;with which they had cuftomary intercourfe, but were driven by tem-peftuous weather upon Toobouai. Another canoe, in which was anbsp;chief of Ulietea, an anceftor of Iddea, pa flin g from thence to Ota-heite, was likewift driven upon this ifland fome years later. Henbsp;was admitted by thoft who had preceded him, to the chief authoritynbsp;at Toobouai ; and he divided the country into three diftridls, whichnbsp;retain the names of Reiadea, Waheine, and Taha, three of the Societynbsp;ifles. A third canoe alfo drifted hither, with the Ikeleton of a mannbsp;in it, which was recognifed by one of the Otaheiteans who accompanied the mutineers of the Bounty to Toobouai. He had killed thisnbsp;man in one of the fta-fights between Pomarre and Maheine, and wasnbsp;afterward obliged to cfcape by fwimming, leaving his canoe, withnbsp;the corpfe in it, to the direction of the winds and waves. Accidentsnbsp;fimilar to theft are known to have occurred in feveral other parts ofnbsp;this ocean. An inftance is given by Captain Cook, of a canoe which,nbsp;likewift in attempting the paffage between Otaheite and Ulietea, was

driven to an ifland called Watêoo, two hundred leagues di fiant. Of, twenty perfons, only four furvived the famine and fatigue which theynbsp;endured before they reached that place, where they were kindly received. Three of them were found there, and recognifed by Omae,nbsp;in 1777, when Captain Cook difcovered the ifland, at leaft twelvenbsp;years after their arrival. It is fituated in latitude 20° i\ 158’ 15^nbsp;weft longitude. It is fmall, high, and populous. There arenbsp;feveral iflands in its neighbourhood, fome of which are fubjedt tonbsp;Wateoo. All the inhabitants are of the fame race and language withnbsp;thofe already defcribed.

We may hope that the gofpel will be fpread from Otaheite, by means of its ufual intercourfe with other iflands, to thofe of Maitea,nbsp;Tethuroa, and Eimeo, the four Society ifles, and the fmaller iflandsnbsp;dependent upon them. All thefe have fometimes been called thenbsp;Society ifles ; but the reafon for which fome of them were fo namednbsp;by Cook does not apply to the reft. There is at the fame time fonbsp;ftrong a common refemblance, and fo intimate a connexion amongnbsp;the whole of this group, that it requires to be diftinguifhed by fomenbsp;colleólive title. The name of his prefent Majefty was given tonbsp;Otaheite by Captain Wallis j but it has been fuperfeded, as all foreignnbsp;denominations fhould be, by that which the natives themfelves givenbsp;to their country. They are not however known to give col/eclivenbsp;titles to the groups of iflands inhabited by them. All thofe whichnbsp;have been defcribed were brought to notice, revifited, enriched withnbsp;European articles of food and commerce, and at length have receivednbsp;inftruftion in chriftianity, during the reign of his prefent Majefty;nbsp;whom may God preferve ! Other aflemblages of iflands in the Pacificnbsp;Ocean have, for much lefs important caufes, been named after Spanifhnbsp;monarchs ; as the Philippine and Caroline iflands. We fhall, therefore, ufe the liberty, when fpeaking of the whole group, to denominatenbsp;them the Georgian iflands. The direólion wherein they lie renders the paflage to windward difficult and precarious j and the diftindlnbsp;governments by which they are mutually divided and oppofed, muft

be expected to retard, in forne meafure, the progrefs of the gofpci through this clufter j but we truft, through the divine bleffing, thatnbsp;thefe obftacles will be furmounted by the peculiar advantages attendingnbsp;our numerous miffion at the principal ifland, the influence of whichnbsp;over the others has been already greatly increafed by its frequentnbsp;intercourfe with the Engliffi,

Geographical and hiflorical Account of Tongataboo, and the Ifands^ which are conneSied with it.

TONGATABOO prefents an afpeét very different from that of Otaheite j to the weft ward of which it is fituated, at a diftance of fournbsp;hundred and eighty leagues, and of more than three hundred leaguesnbsp;from Watëoo, the wefternmoft of the iflands before mentioned. It isnbsp;about twenty leagues in circuit, and nearly triangular in its form. Itsnbsp;northern fide is indented by a bay, which communicates with annbsp;extenfive lagoon within the ifland. The weftern point of this inletnbsp;was afeertained by Captain Cook to be in latitude 21° 8' 19^'', andnbsp;175° f tif' weft longitude. On this fide alfo an extenfive harbour isnbsp;formed by reefs and iflands which cover its whole length. The ffiorenbsp;is in this part low and fandy ; but afeends on the other fides of the ifland,nbsp;in a perpendicular coral rock, from feven to ten feet above the fea atnbsp;flood-tide, which rifes from three feet and a half to four feet and threenbsp;quarters. A reef that lies two miles N. W. by W. from the northernmoftnbsp;point of the ifland forms a road for ffiippingj but it is far from beingnbsp;fecure, the coral bank, which is the only anchoring-ground, beingnbsp;very fteep, and extending only three cables’ length from the ffiore.nbsp;The greater part of the coaft round the ifland is guarded by flat rocksnbsp;about two hundred yards wide, and of greater extent toward thenbsp;fouth-eaftern point, near which is the moft elevated part of thenbsp;ifland, about one hundred feet high above the fea. The interior isnbsp;diverfified by’ many gently rifing grounds. The foil is loofe and

PRÈLIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;xlvn

black to a confiderable depth, but intermixed with ftrata of reddifli clay ; it is chiefly very fertile, and in many parts highly cultivated ;nbsp;the plantations, in the rnidfl; of which the principal houfes are placed,nbsp;being alfo very neatly enclofed. The vegetable productions are moftlynbsp;flmilar to thofe of the places already defcribed, the cocoa-nut beingnbsp;in greater perfedlion, the bread-fruit in lefs, than they are at thenbsp;more lofty iflands. There are feveral plants at Tongataboo that werenbsp;not known at Otaheite; efpecially (haddocks, and a new fpecies ofnbsp;the Jefuits’ bark, likely to equal that of Peru in medicinal virtue.nbsp;It is well furniflied with trees, which grow very luxuriantly. Waternbsp;is fomewhat fcarce, and moftly brackilh. There were no dogs beforenbsp;they were fupplied by Europeans. Of other animals there are thenbsp;fame kinds as at Otaheite, and feveral fpecies of birds not commonnbsp;to that ifland, particularly green parroquets with red feathers on theirnbsp;heads. Some kinds of birds are ufually tamed and fed by the inhabitants. There are alfo bats in great numbers, and fome of fuchnbsp;magnitude, that the tips of their wings, when extended, are fromnbsp;three to four feet apart.

•This ifland-was difcovered a'yth January 1643, by Abel Janfan Tafman, a Dutch navigator. The inhabitants came unarmed onnbsp;board his fhips, without the leaft apparent defign or apprehenfion ofnbsp;mifchief. They exchanged hogs, fowls, and fruits, for Europeannbsp;articles, which they alfo pilfered as they found opportunity; but innbsp;other refpedts they behaved in the moft courteous and friendly manner.nbsp;Tafman anchored in the roadftead ; and fent his boats, to fearch fornbsp;frefli water, into the bay already defcribed. To the former he gavenbsp;the name of Van Diemen, and to the latter that of Maria, in honournbsp;of the perfon then governor of the Dutch Eaft Indies and his lady..nbsp;An elderly chief, who feems at that time to have had the fovereignnbsp;authority, came repeatedly on board, Ihewed the moft profound refpedtnbsp;to his vifitors, and was highly gratified by the prefents which theynbsp;made to him. Among thefe was a wooden bowl, probably the famenbsp;that long afterwards was ufed by the fovereigns of Tongataboo as a. di-

vining-cup, to conviót perfons accufed of crimes j and the fame homage which is rendered to the fovereign when prefent, was paidnbsp;during his ah fence to the bowl, as his reprefentative.

No weapons were feen by Tafman at Tongataboo; which circum-ftance, as well as their unfufpicious conduct toward flrangers fo formidably equipped, indicates that they had been accuftomed to a Rate of general peace and fecurity. No quarrel occurred during this interview ; and the Dutch, after having obtained abundance of provifions,nbsp;but very little water, proceeded to the adjacent iflands to the northward.

Captain Cook, accompanied by Captain Furneaux, vifited this place in 1773, having previoufly fpent fome days at the neighbouring iflandnbsp;of Eöoa. They anchored in Van Diemen road, October 3d ; and thenbsp;inhabitants, who had met them half way between the iflands, behavednbsp;with the fame confidence and kindnefs, that they had fhewn, one hundrednbsp;and thirty years before, to Tafman. They fell alfo to the fame praólicesnbsp;of pilfering ; for which fome of them who were peculiarly daringnbsp;were puniflied, without betraying appearances of refentment, Hëte-hëte and Omae, who were on board the fhips, were at firfl: perplexednbsp;by a difference of dialed! ; as thefe iflanders make ufeof the confonantsnbsp;f, k, and hard g, which are unknown at the Georgian iflands : butnbsp;they foon perceived the identity .of the radical language, and becamenbsp;able to converfe fluently with the natives.

A man, named Attago, who had fomequot; authority among his countrymen, attached himfelf to Captain Cook,_and rendered him effential fervices. He introduced the Englifh to an elderly chief of fuperiornbsp;rank, named Tooböu, who like wife acted in a friendly manner,nbsp;although with a degree of referve. A perfon of much higher dignitynbsp;was alfo met with, named Latöo Liböoloo, to whom homage wasnbsp;paid by all ranks, although he appeared very defedlive of intclledt.nbsp;He bore the title of Arëekee, which was applied to no other perfonnbsp;except Pöulaho, then the fovereign chief, and fifth in defeent fromnbsp;the perfon who reigned at the period of Tafman’s vifit. The mothernbsp;of Libooloo, who lived at a diftant ifland of the fame group, was

xlix elder filler of Poulaho’s father ; and had this fon, and two daughters,nbsp;by a man who came from the extenfive neighbouring iflands namednbsp;Fejê. The members of this family were called Tamm aha, and rankednbsp;above Poulaho himfelf, notwithfianding his poffeffion of the fupremenbsp;power, either on account of their mother’s feniority, or of fomenbsp;pre-eminent dignity of their foreign parent. One of the daughters,nbsp;refided with their mother, the other at Tongataboo. Libooloo hadnbsp;alfo an infant fon at Eooa, to whom extreme attention was paid.nbsp;Poulaho was then abfent from Tongataboo.

It became neceflary to prohibit the purchafe of curiofities from the ifianders, in order to obtain adequate fupplies of food : thefe werenbsp;afterwards abundantly furnilhed. Weapons of a very formidable nature were then found among then, although they ufually went unarmed. Their fpears were barbed in a very dangerous manner, andnbsp;their clubs very curioully carved. Some of their canoes were executed in a flyle far fuperior to thofe of Otaheite, the planks beingnbsp;feather-edged, and lapped over, which prevented the water entering,nbsp;as it continually does into the others. They had lefs cloth, but morenbsp;matting than the Georgian ifianders : it was more neatly and beautifully made, and was ufed to cover their floors, as well as for drefs.nbsp;Their balket-work alfo difcovered much ingenuity, and their cloth wasnbsp;gt; glazed fo as to refill wet. The women were far lefs immodeft j butnbsp;the men were more generally addidled to the pepper-root draught,nbsp;here called kava. The fubmiflion paid to the chiefs, and the diflinc-tion of private property, were much greater here than at Otaheite. Annbsp;old drunken man, then thought to be a prieft, was refpccted as a perfonnbsp;of rank ; but fome images, found in the houfe where their dead werenbsp;interred, were evidently objedls of contempt rather than of worfhip jnbsp;and no article of food v/as depofited in thofe places. Many of thenbsp;people were obferved to have loft their little fingers. Their mode ofnbsp;falutation is by touching their nofes together ; and, unlike the Ota-heiteans, they ufe an expreflron of thankfulnefs for whatever theynbsp;receive, always lifting it over their heads, They were then littlenbsp;h

4:

acquainted with the value of iron, of which the only article found among them was an awl, made from a nail. This had been broughtnbsp;from a diftant ifland, where Captain Wallis had left it ; the articlesnbsp;which Tafman gave them having been expended, and forgotten fincenbsp;his voyage : the tradition of his vifit had neverthelefs been preferved,nbsp;and even its period was afcertained by them.

Captain Cook revifited Tongataboo in company with Captain Clerke in 1777 j and anchored on the lOth of June in Maria bay, thenbsp;accefs to which through the reef was found difficult. They had fpent anbsp;confiderable time among the more northern 1 Hands that are fubjeót tonbsp;Tongataboo ; and were accompanied from thence by Poulaho, wholenbsp;family name was found to be Futtafäihe, by which title his brother, andnbsp;his fon then under twelve years old, were ufually called. Poulaho wasnbsp;fhort, and extremely corpulent, about forty years old, and in hisnbsp;behaviour fenfible and fedate. His confort was daughter of an elderlynbsp;chief named Marewage. Her brother Fenöu, who was then thirtynbsp;years of age, filled the office of commander in chief j the moft frequent duties of which appeared to confift in the punilhment of criminals. His authority, it was faid, extended to the conduól of the fove-reign himfelf. Both the father and fon were thin and tall. Marewagenbsp;had alfo another fon, named Tooboueitöa; and a brother namednbsp;Toobou, much older than the chief of that name before mentioned.nbsp;All thefe perfons were highly reverenced by their countrymen; andnbsp;they vied with’ each other in the profufion of entertainments whichnbsp;they provided for their Englifh guefts, to whom a houfe was affignednbsp;at the weftern point of the creek leading into the lagoon. In thenbsp;neighbourhood was obferved a curious caufeway, built of coral ftone.nbsp;acrofs a morafs, with a kind of circus in its centre, apparently ofnbsp;very ancient conftrud;ion. The country immediately around wasnbsp;uncultivated; and the vaft concourfe of people who came either tonbsp;perform in the entertainments exhibited to the Engliffi, or to benbsp;fpedlators of them, was produdive of various inconveniences.nbsp;Several thefts were committed ; but no aót of violence, except on a

4

I

goat that Captain Cook had intended to leave there. He prefented a bull and cow, a horfe and mare, a ram and two ewes, with fomenbsp;goats, to Poulaho and Fenou, who were the perfons moft likely tonbsp;take care of them. A couple of rabbits, which had been given to thenbsp;latter, had already bred ; and fome Otaheitean dogs, which had beennbsp;left in 1773 with Attago, had multiplied. Some of the animalsnbsp;having previoufly been holen from Captain Cook, he had ventured tonbsp;put the king and feveral chiefs into confinement, till reflitution wasnbsp;made. The natives aflembled in arms to releafe them, but bynbsp;Poulaho’s order they defiftcdj and the animals being brought back,nbsp;he and his nobles were fet at liberty, without any diminution of theirnbsp;friendfhip, or even interruption of their entertainments. At the clofenbsp;of thefc, fome officers, wandering over the ifland, were plundered,nbsp;both of the articles they had taken for trade, and of their arms.nbsp;On receiving this intelligence, Poulaho and the other chiefs prudentlynbsp;removed from the neighbourhood, to avoid a fécond captivity ; butnbsp;they returned upon being affured that no violence would be ufed, andnbsp;they caufed the things which had been fiolen to be refiored. Captainnbsp;Cook then vifited Möoa, a village fituated a league from the bay,nbsp;upon the banks of the inlet, where the chiefs have places of abodenbsp;and elegant plantations. The boat and its contents were left unguardednbsp;on the bank, by the diredlion of Poulaho, who engaged that nothingnbsp;would be fiolen. The fliips were found, upon their return, to havenbsp;been likewife exempt from depredation, through the vigilance andnbsp;authority of Fenou : but a quarrel took place the following daynbsp;between a working party and fome of the natives, three of whomnbsp;were confined and flogged, and a fourth fliot through the neck withnbsp;a ball by the centry. The poor man narrowly efcaped death, and nonbsp;meafures were taken for revenge, either by the chiefs or the commonnbsp;people. The king dining on board feemed highly pleafed with thenbsp;pewter plates ; and being prefented with one, faid that he wouldnbsp;ubfiitute it for the bowl which had before fufiained the officesnbsp;of chief jufiice and viceroy. At another dinner, which wasnbsp;h 2

lii nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

given on flrore by Captain Cook,' he invited, at Poulaho’s defire, Mongöula Käipa, the filler of Latoo Libooloo. The king hadnbsp;been accufiomed to abfiain from eating in her brother’s prefence,nbsp;¦without Ihewing him any other mark of reverence : but to her henbsp;paid the fame homage that he received from his own fubjeds, embracing her feet with his hands.

Captain Cook prolonged his ftay till July 5, to obferve an eclipfe of the fun -, and he was delayed feveral days later for want of anbsp;favourable wind to carry the fliips out of the harbour by a channelnbsp;that he had difeovered to the eaftward, which was fafer than thenbsp;northern paflage whereby they had entered the bay. During thisnbsp;time he revifited Mooa, and was prefent at a curious cerernony callednbsp;the natche. On the nth of July they, with fome difficulty, cleared,nbsp;the reefs by which the harbour is formed, and proceeded to Eöoa.

It is not known that any other navigator vifited Tongataboo before the laft day of 1787, when M. de la Péroufe paffed it to thenbsp;weftward without anchoring. He laid to, off* the fouthern ftiore ; andnbsp;feven or eight canoes having approached within twenty yards of thenbsp;French fhips, the natives leaped out of them, and fwam alongfidenbsp;with cocoa-nuts in each hand, which they exchanged very honeftlynbsp;for bits of iron, nails, and fmall hatchets. They foon after went-on board with confidence and cheerfulnefs -, and a young man, whonbsp;afterted that he was the fon of Fenou, received feveral prefents with criesnbsp;of joy. He prefled them to land, and promifed abundance of provifions,nbsp;which their canoes were not capable of brfnging off. The iflandersnbsp;were noify, but had no appearance of ferocity, although they broughtnbsp;fome clubs in their boats. They had all loft two joints of theirnbsp;little fingers. La Peroufe bore away, the evening of the following day,nbsp;feeing no profpeél of obtaining provifions without coming to annbsp;anchor.

Captain Edwards, in the Pandora, paid a vifit almoft equally tranfient to this ifland in the latter end of July 1791, in fearch afternbsp;the mutineers of the Bounty. He obtained provifions, but couldnbsp;2

get no water that was not brackifli. It was underftood tliat Fenou had then lately died.

Meffrs. D’Entrecafteaux and Huon, in the French Hoops La Recherche and L’Efperance, anchored at Tongataboo on the 3d ofnbsp;March 1793, and were very hofpitably entertained.. They ftaid anbsp;week, but the detail of their vifit has not tranfpircd..

No other European vefTel is known to have touched at this ifland;-for the account given by the Europeans who were found here by the Duff, cannot be depended upon. It is not improbable, that Tongataboo might be vifited by the Spanifli navigators Malefpini andnbsp;BaHemente, who are faid to have difcovered in this neighbourhoodnbsp;a group of iflands, called the Babacos, about the fame time that thenbsp;French Hoops paffcd by.

The intercourfe of Europeans at Tongataboo having been fo much lefs frequent than at Otaheite, it was with fomewhat lefs confidencenbsp;that a miflion was attempted at the former than at the latter place.nbsp;The refult will appear from the relation of the voyage, whichnbsp;alfo throws light upon feveral circumHances, for which precedingnbsp;navigators could not account. The nature of the government ofnbsp;this ifland is not yet wholly developed. Captain Cook was muchnbsp;at a lofs refpedting it, and had fuppofed Fenou to be the fovereign,nbsp;till he became acquainted with Poulaho. When thefe two perfonagesnbsp;met, the mi Hake was immediately corredted : but the dignity andnbsp;power of the commander in chief, which feem, like the fovereignty,nbsp;to be hereditary, are fo great, that the apparent fuperiority of onenbsp;above the other mull depend in a confiderable degree upon the per-fonal qualities of thofe who fill thefe Hations. Poulaho being dead,nbsp;his fon Futtafaihe fuccecded him in the fovereignty ; but he being a'nbsp;voluptuous man, the government is chiefly condudted by Fenounbsp;Toogahoue, the prefent commander in chief, who is faid to benbsp;nephew of the former. His fuperiority as a warrior and as a man ofnbsp;bufinefs, gives a preponderance to his authority. The influence ofnbsp;the royal family feems alfo to have been diminiflied by a civil war.

which Toogahoue had waged with fuccefs. The government here, as at Otaheite, is evidently in a great meafure ariftocratical ; but thenbsp;power of the chiefs is more defpotic at Tongataboo, although ex-ercifed with lefs outrage to private property. The officers of Ratenbsp;here like wife maintain a kind of general jurifdiótion ; while at Otaheite every thing feems to be decided either by fuperior force, or bynbsp;arbitration in the feparate diftricts ; and criminal puniffiment is therenbsp;unknown, except in the feleólion of obnoxious charaólers for occa-fional facrifices. The latter feem to be offered at Tongataboo muchnbsp;lefs frequently, and only upon funereal occafions. Infant murdersnbsp;are here unknown ; as well as infant fucceflion, and the fociety ofnbsp;arreoes, which appear to be principal caufes of that horrid cuftomnbsp;in the Georgian iflands. The lafcivious practices which are al mo ftnbsp;univerfal there, feem to be ufually reftriéted here to common profti-tutes of the loweft clafs. Polygamy is cftablilhed, but adultery isnbsp;puniffied with death. The neceffity of cultivation, and the regardnbsp;paid to private property, have rendered the people of Tongataboonbsp;more ingenious and induftrious : and being feldom at war, theynbsp;appear to be remarkably free, in general, from habits of fufpicion ornbsp;revenge. Their mufcular ffrength and adtivity are great ; althoughnbsp;in fize they are much exceeded by the chiefs of Otaheite, and ofnbsp;fome other iflands. Intrepidity and dexterity are ftriking features ofnbsp;their general character; and thefe qualities naturally render thofenbsp;individuals who are the moll depraved, peculiarly mifehievous.

Tongataboo, confidered in itfelf, is evidently defirable as the feat of a miffion ; but its principal importance arifes from the ex ten fivenbsp;and intimate connexion that it has with other iflands. While moft ofnbsp;thofe which are difperfed over the Pacific Ocean are independent ofnbsp;each other. Tongataboo is the centre of government to a furprifingnbsp;number. The natives named more than one hundred and fifty ofnbsp;thefe when Captain Cook was laft there ; but feveral are uninhabited, many of them very fmall, and fome were at that time independent of their government, and even hoftile to it. Only fifteen

of thefe are lofty, and few are fo' large as Tongataboo. Captain Cook explored more than fixty of the whole number, and other navigators have difcovered many of the remaining iflands of this group.nbsp;The direélion in which it chiefly extends being north and fouth.nbsp;Tenders the communication each way praólicable during the tradenbsp;wind ; and moft, if not all the iflands, are regularly vifited by thenbsp;fovereign or the commander in chief.

It remains to give fome account of other remarkable iflands, which have been difcovered in this neighbourhood j and firfl: of fuch as arenbsp;immediately fubjedf to Tongataboo.

The ifland of Eöo A lies fouth-eaft of Tongataboo, from whence it is diftant nearly four leagues. Its form approaches to an oval, withnbsp;its longeft diameter from north to fouth. Its eaftern fide is placednbsp;by Captain Cook in i '74° 40'' weft longitude, and its fouthern extremity in latitude 21° 29^. It is about ten leagues in circuit, andnbsp;almoft as high as the Ifle of .Wight, being perceptible from a diftancenbsp;of twelve leagues at fea. The fouth-eaftern coaft rifes immediatelynbsp;from the fea with great inequalities j but on the north-weft part arenbsp;valleys, meadows, and plains, of confiderable extent. From thatnbsp;quarter the ground afcends gradually to the higheft part, which thennbsp;continues nearly level. The foil on the heights is chiefly compofednbsp;of a foft fandy ftone, but in other parts is ufually a reddiflinbsp;clay, of a great depth. A deep valley, which is two hundrednbsp;feet above the level of the fea, confifts almoft wholly of coralnbsp;rock, but is covered with trees. The cultivated plantations chieflynbsp;border upon the coafts. There are fprings of fine water in variousnbsp;parts of the ifland, but none of them are conveniently acceflable tonbsp;- fllipping. The beft anchorage was found upon the north-weft fide,nbsp;in latitude 21° 20' 30^', on a gravelly bank extending two miles fromnbsp;the land, with depths from twenty to thirty fathom. Abreaft of itnbsp;is a creek, which affords convenient landing for boats at all times ofnbsp;the tide. In its produce and inhabitants this ifland refembles.Ton-

gataboo, except that it is not the ufual refidence of any of the fupc-rior chiefs, although feveral of them have property at Eooa. It has, notwithftanding, greatly the advantage of Tongataboo, for pleafant-nefs of fituation, as well as for goodnefs of frefh water j and apparently muft exceed it in falubrity.

The ifland was difcovered by Tafman, who did not land there; nor does it appear certain that any navigator befide Cook has beennbsp;upon it. He vifited Eooa in 1773, before he came to Tongataboo;nbsp;and in 1777, after he left that place. At both times he met withnbsp;the moft cordial reception, although he could not obtain the famenbsp;profufion of fupplies that was lavifhed upon the Englifh by thenbsp;court of Tongataboo. A perfon named Taöofa, who exercifed thenbsp;principal authority, entertained them with a public fpeäacle ofnbsp;dancing, boxing, wreftling, amp;c. which, though upon a fmallernbsp;fcale than at the feat of government, colledled together a concourfe ofnbsp;people, and was produdtive, as ufual, .of fome diforderly condudl.nbsp;The peaceable and affedlionate behaviour of the people, in general,nbsp;was fuch as to induce him to name thefe iflands, and the othersnbsp;which he vifited in the fame group. The Friendly Iflands. Tonbsp;the anchorage at Eooa he gave the name of Englifli road. He leftnbsp;a ram and two ewes upon this ifland.

The third ifland of this group which requires our notice is Ana-MÖOKA. It is fituated in latitude 20° 15', 174’ 31' weft longitude, about eighteen leagues diftant from Tongataboo, which it refemblesnbsp;in its afpedl. Its form is triangular, and none of its fides exceeds the length of four miles. Its extent Is alfo diminifhed bynbsp;a large fait lagoon, which almoft cuts off its fouth-eaftern anglenbsp;from the reft. Its coafts are furrounded by fmall iflets, fand-banks,nbsp;and reefs. A harbour is formed by thefe on the fouth-weftern fidenbsp;of the ifland, with anchorage in ten and twelve fathom, the bottomnbsp;coral fand. It is well fheltered, but no frefli water is to be obtainednbsp;pear the fhore. On the north-weft fide are two coves, to which

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. - nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ivit

there arc narrow paflages for boats through the reef. Juft to the fouthward of thefe is a bank, free from rocks, with twenty andnbsp;twenty-five fathom depth, one or two miles from ftiore. The coaftnbsp;rifcs nearly perpendicular fifteen or twenty feet from the fea, and thenbsp;•interior appears level, excepting fome fmall hillocks, and a morenbsp;confiderable one toward the centre of the iiland. It is fimilar tonbsp;Tongataboo in foil and produólions, but is lefs cultivated, even innbsp;proportion to its fize. It is however better furnifhed with water,nbsp;there being a pond about three quarters of a mile from the landingplace on the north-weft fide, of half a mile in circuit. The water isnbsp;a little brackifli, but having in part anfwered the purpofes of navigators, their vifits to this ifland have been more frequent than to thofenbsp;already mentioned 3 although the diftance from their fliips has rendered watering hazardous as well as difficult.

Tafman anchored here on the 25th of January 1643,

-treated very kindly by the natives in general, and by a chief, whofe prefence and authority probably rendered this vifit the morenbsp;tranquil. He gave to the ifland the name of Rotterdam, havingnbsp;called the former txvo Amfterdam and Middleburg. Captain Cooknbsp;firft arrived at Anamooka on the 20th of June 1774 in the Refolution,nbsp;having loft the company of Captain Furneaux in the Adventure,nbsp;fubfequent to their vifit to Tongataboo the preceding year. He approached Anamooka from the fouth-eaftward, after having doublednbsp;the low iflands and fhoals lying in that diredlion, to the latitudenbsp;of 20° 25'. Thefts were more frequently committed here thannbsp;at the fouthernmoft iflands of the group ; the charaéler of the w’o-men appeared alfo to be much more licentious, and that of the mennbsp;more daring. No farther mifehief than plunder was attempted, andnbsp;this .was feverely punifhed by their European guefts. None of thenbsp;principal people were prefent to reftrain the unruly ¦; but fome of thenbsp;natives diftinguiflied themfelves by the goodnefs of their conduct,nbsp;and moft of them behaved well, except when peculiar temptationnbsp;inflamed their cupidity for the novelties of which their vifitors werenbsp;i

Iviii nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

poflèfîed. The chaftifement inflicted upon the offenders effectually improved their behaviour before the departure of the fliip, whichnbsp;took place on the 29th of June.

Captain Cook returned to this ifland in 1777, in company with Captain Clerke ; and anchored in the road on the iff of May.nbsp;A perfon called Toobou then refided as chief, and another, namednbsp;Tâipa, who alfo acted as principal officer in Poulaho’s family,nbsp;became very ferviceable. He introduced to them Fenou, who re-forted hither from Tongataboo on being informed of their arrival.nbsp;This great man prevailed upon Captain Cook to fail to the iflandsnbsp;called Hapae, in preference to the former, which he meant to havenbsp;immediately revifited. They accordingly proceeded to Hapae on thenbsp;14th of the fame month, by which time the two fhips’companiesnbsp;- feemed nearly to have drained Anamooka of provifions ; but on returning early in June,' the flock was found furprifingly recruited.nbsp;Thefts had been praélifed during their former flay, in a private manner, even by fome of the chiefs, till they were compelled to makenbsp;reftitution; and on the return of the veflcls, when all the people ofnbsp;rank were abfent, very little order was obferved. Poulaho andnbsp;Fenou arrived foon afterward, and within three days accompaniednbsp;the navigators toward Tongataboo.

Lieutenant Bligh, in the Bounty, anchored at Anamooka on the 23d of April 1789. The natives, who immediately came along-ffde with yams and cocoa-nuts in their canoes, did not offer to comenbsp;on board till they had alked permiffion. The next day he wasnbsp;vifited by Taipa, who was then old and lame, but retained the im-preffion of his intercourfe with the Englifli twelve years before, innbsp;fuch a degree that he perfeélly underflood their pronunciation ofnbsp;South-Sea words, which no other perfon there was able to do. Henbsp;informed them that their old principal friends were then living atnbsp;Tongataboo, and he offered a large houfe for the ufe of the Englifli,nbsp;fuppofing they would, as formerly, have had a party on fliore.nbsp;Several things that were flolen were reflored by his influence. Some

more daring robberies being committed, and the natives crowding in large canoes from the neighbouring iHands, Mr. Bligh thoughtnbsp;it neceffary, on the 26th, when the fliip was under fail,, to confinenbsp;feveral of the chiefs, in order to recover what had been loft. Thisnbsp;meafure producing no other effect than extreme diftrefs in his pri-foners, he difmifl'ed them with prefents, and departed. Pine-apples,nbsp;which had been planted in the iflands vifited by Captain Cook,nbsp;were found here at that time in a flour idling ftate.

Captain Edwards twice vifited Anamooka in J 791, having appointed this ifland for a place of rendezvous with the fchooner that had attended him from Otaheite, but afterward loft company of thenbsp;Pandora. He firft anchored here on the 29th of June, and immediatelynbsp;difpatched Lieutenant Hayward to inquire at the iflands of Hapae andnbsp;Fejë after Fletcher Chriftian and his party, but without fuccefs, excepting in their traffic for provifions. The licentioufnefs of the womennbsp;at Anamooka feems to have been greatly promoted hy European profligacy during this vifit ; and inftances of ferocity .were manifeftednbsp;by the native men, which, had till then been unknown ; efpeciallynbsp;in one cafe, where Lieutenant Corner narrowly efcaped being murdered. They were, notwithftanding, very attentive to the inftruclionsnbsp;•which the officers gave them on the cultivation of the exotic plants,nbsp;and tranfplanted the pine-apples immediately on receiving.direétions.nbsp;Toulaho and one of the Toobous, who had gt;met Captain Edwardsnbsp;at Anamooka, failed with him early in July to the ; neighbouringnbsp;ifland of Toofoa, whither they were going to collect tribute. Onnbsp;the 29th of that month he again anchored here, and being ftillnbsp;difappointed of intelligence about the fchooner, departed the 3d ofnbsp;Auguft.

No fubfequent vifit to this ifland has been made known. The detail already given is more than proportionate to the importance ofnbsp;•the place. It is ranked by the natives among the fmaller iflands ofnbsp;their archipelago, which contains thirty-five larger than this. Anbsp;difcafe of the leprous kind, which feems to be common to all thenbsp;i a

lx nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

iflands of this ocean, is faid to prevail more at Anamooka than in any other part of this group. The venereal difeafe, which wasnbsp;certainly introduced here by the Englifh, has alfo probably made anbsp;dreadful progrefs, in confequence of the unreftrained debaucherynbsp;praótifed by its laft vifitors, who are acknowledged to have beennbsp;greatly infected when they arrived at this place from Otaheite. Woodnbsp;being an article procured here by all the fliips, it is necefl'ary tonbsp;mention the damage that has been incurred in cutting a treé, callednbsp;fäitanoo by the natives, which is a fpecies of pepper, and yields anbsp;milky juice that injures the eyes and Ikin of the workmen.

The ifland mentioned above, named Tooföa, is fituated N,N.W. from Anamooka, at a diftance of ten leagues r it is obfervable fromnbsp;thence by means of its height, and of a volcano at its fummit,nbsp;which almoft conrtantly emitted fmoke, and fometimes threw upnbsp;ftones. Its fhores are fteep, and covered with black fand. The rocksnbsp;are hollow, and in fome places of a columnar form. The mountain,nbsp;except in fpots that appear to have been recently burned, is coverednbsp;with verdure, flirubs, and trees. The eoaft is about five leagues innbsp;circuit. To the north-eafi; end of this ifland, and only two milesnbsp;diflant, is another of much lefs extent, but of thrice its height,nbsp;which is called Kao : it is a mountainous rock, of a conical form.nbsp;Both thefe were difeovered by Tafman, and have been feen by everynbsp;fubfequent navigator of this group. Captain Cook pafled betweennbsp;them, and had no foundings in the channel by which they are fe-parated. Each ifland was underflood to be inhabited, but no European had landed upon either, at the time when the mutiny fuddenlynbsp;occurred in the Bounty, two days after the departure of that veffel fromnbsp;Anamooka. Lieutenant Bligh was forced into a boat, with eighteennbsp;of his people, when ten leagues fouth-wefl from Toofoa. He attempted, therefore, to get an immediate fupply of bread-fruit andnbsp;water at that ifland, which, as he underflood, afforded thofe articles.nbsp;The next morning, 28th April 1789, they landed in a cove on thenbsp;north-weft coaft, in latitude 19° 4T. They,climbed the heightj,nbsp;4

lui

but obtained only fome cocoa-nuts and plantains, and a few gallons ' of water from holes in the rocks. The weather being too boifterousnbsp;to proceed, they flieltered themfelves by night in an adjacent cave.nbsp;On the I ft of May lèverai of the inhabitants brought them a fmallnbsp;fupply, and retired peaceably in the evening. The next day their number greatly increafed. Some principal perfons alfo came round the northnbsp;ftde of the ifland in canoes, and among them one of the chiefs whomnbsp;Lieutenant Bligh had threatened to carry from Anamooka,- upon annbsp;occafion which has already been mentioned. They offered to accompany him to Tongataboo when the weather fliould moderate; butnbsp;fome fymptoms appearing of a defign to obtain by force the articlesnbsp;that he could not afford to barter .with them, he determined to departnbsp;that evening, as they were not inclined to retire. They had pre-vioufly fold him fome of their weapons, and they now allowed hisnbsp;people to carry their property into the boat ; but they would notnbsp;fuffer him to embark, and a conteft enfued, in which molt of thenbsp;Englifh were wounded by ftones, and one of them was killed. Thenbsp;reft efcaped, and bore away toward^ New Holland ; from whencenbsp;they reached the Eaft Indies in their boat, enduring extreme hard-lliip, but no farther lofs of lives.-

This unhappy event furnifhes the only inftance of an European being killed at any ifland of this group, notwithftanding the feverity,nbsp;and even the cruelty, which has frequently been exercifed toward thenbsp;natives,' on account of the thefts committed by them.. That, theirnbsp;eagernefs to obtain our property is fuch as to endanger a fmall partynbsp;landing at any of the lefs civilized illands, is evident, not only fromnbsp;Captain Bligh’s experience, but alfo from that of a few peoplenbsp;on board the fchooner which had accompanied the Pandora fromnbsp;Otaheite. After parting company, as before mentioned, fhe unfortunately came to ftbofoa inftead of Anamooka, where Captain Edwardsnbsp;probably was at the very time, l'hey obtained fome water andnbsp;provifions from the natives ; but the latter attempted to. feize thenbsp;veffel, in whkh there were only nine people. Thefe, however, being

Ixü nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

amply provided with fire-arms, fuccefsfully refifted the aflault of numbers vaftly fuperior. Few days could apparently have clapfednbsp;after this occurrence, when the Pandora arrived at Toofoa withnbsp;Poulaho on board. Lieutenant Hayward, who had been there withnbsp;Bligh, recolle died fome of their former aflailants. They fhunned hisnbsp;notice, and had perhaps more reafon for doing fo than he knew, asnbsp;at that time he received no intelligence of the fchooner.

Hapâe (fometimes pronounced Habëi) has been mentioned as 'the place to which Captain Cook accompanied Fenou and Taipa atnbsp;the defire of the former, from Anamooka in May 1777. It isnbsp;reckoned by the natives as one of the more extenfive iflands of theirnbsp;group, but it confifts of four or more low iflets, fix or feven milesnbsp;quot;each in length, which are joined together by a reef. They are notnbsp;more than two or three miles broad. That iflet which is moft cultivated is called Lefôoga, or Lefooka j and this alone exceeds Anamookanbsp;in the number and extent of its plantations. At its fouth-weftern endnbsp;is ¦quot;an artificial mount fifty feet in diameter at the fummit, which isnbsp;raifcd to the height of forty feet above the reft of the ground. Thenbsp;Refolufion and Difcovery anchored abreaft of the reef that conneftsnbsp;this ifland with another to the north-eaft which is called Fôa, innbsp;twenty-four fathom, with a, bottom of coral fand. A creek in thenbsp;fhore of Lefooga, three quarters of a mileTrom the fhips, affordednbsp;convenient landing at all times. Proper meafures having been takennbsp;by quot;Fenou and Taipa, an abundant fupply of provifions was obtained,nbsp;and public diverfions were fplendidly exhibited ; but thefe chiefs werenbsp;lefs careful to prevent the theft of European articles. They left Captainnbsp;Cook on the 22d of the fame 'month, requefting him to wait tillnbsp;they returned from Vavöu, which they reprefented to be two daysnbsp;¦fail in their canoes to the northward of Hapae. Finding it difficultnbsp;to obtain fupplies in'their abfence, he removed on the 26th, fouth-ward of Lefooga', and fearched in vain for a channel between thenbsp;low iflands. That which lies next to Lefooga, in this direótion, isnbsp;called Hooläeva, and is dcftitute of cultivation, being ufed only for

fifliing and catching turtle; but an artificial mount, fimilar to that in Lefooga, was obferved upon it. Poulaho met the Ihips before theirnbsp;departure, and accompanied them on the 29th, in their palTage amongnbsp;the fmall iflands; and reefs, which obfirud the navigation betweennbsp;Hapae and Anamooka.

Fran. Ant. Maurelle, a Spanifh difcoverer, was entangled in the fame navigation in March 1781, after having been very hofpitably entertained at fome iflands immediately to the northward of Hapae. He foundnbsp;apafiTage with a depth of five fathom, between the latter and the iflandsnbsp;to the weftward of it, which had been miffed by Captain Cook.nbsp;Meeting with frelh obftacles among thofe iflands which lie direétlynbsp;north of Anamooka, he bore away toward Kao and Toofoa. Whilenbsp;amidft the iflands, he trafficked with the natives, who came off tonbsp;the fhip in their canoes» A perfon who was faid to be the chief overnbsp;forty-eight iflands, alfo came on board after fending prefents. Henbsp;promifed the fame public diverfions and contributions with whichnbsp;the Englifh had been entertained, to induce Maurelle to land. Thenbsp;moft fouthern point of the ifland, where this man is faid to havenbsp;refided, is placed in the latitude of 19° 39^. The longitudes affignednbsp;by Maurelle are feveral degrees too far to the weftward. He didnbsp;not fufpeót the iflands which he named Galvez, Gran Montana,nbsp;and San Chriftoval, to be thofe called by the natives Hapae, Kao,nbsp;and Toofoa ; and he left Anamooka and Tongataboo out of fight tonbsp;the eaftward, but faw the two fmall rocky iflands, Höonga Tonganbsp;and Höonga Hapae, in latitude 20° 32', and named them Lasnbsp;,Culebras. He difcovered a dangerous reef, extending two leagues,nbsp;and leaving to the fouthward a channel, three leagues wide, between the reef and thofe iflands. He alfo faw the high uninhabitednbsp;fpot, difcovered and named 'Pylftaarts ifland by Tafman, in latitudenbsp;22quot; 22', 175° 39'weft longitude. This he called La Sola.

An ifland, lying in the latitude of 17° 57'', 175° 16'' 54''^ weft longitude, was the fiift that Maurelle difcovered in approaching the Friendly Iflands. He fell in with it 26th February 1781, and named

-Ixiv nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

it Amargura (Bittcrncfs), on account’of his fevere difappoint-' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ment of obtaining rcfrcfliments from it; no landing-place being found

even for boats, and the ifland itfelf having a lingular appearance of barrennefs. Upon a coiifiderable mountain within it, not a tree wasnbsp;to be feen. In July 1791 Captain Edwards coafted the north-weftnbsp;fide of this ifland, and dbferved the appearance of a tolerable landing-»nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;place in that quarter. That part of the coaft was flat table land,

without eminence or indentation, and from the edge of the fur-'• face fmóke iffiied along its whole extent. He called it Gardner’s ifland.

* An ifland called by the natives Lattai, in latitude 18° 47'20'', 174° 48^ weft longitude', was difcovered by Maurelle the day after henbsp;had paflTed the former. It confifts chiefly of a vaft conical mountain, the fummit of which appeared to be burnt, but the fides werenbsp;covered with trees ; and it is furrounded with a lower border, whichnbsp;is very fertile, and affords frelh water. Many canoes came offquot;, andnbsp;the people in them, among whom was the chief of the ifland, behavednbsp;with much confidence and kindnefs, and fold cocoa-nuts and bananasnbsp;to the Spaniards. Captain Edwards gave this place the name ofnbsp;Bickerton’s ifland.

Maurelle proceeded toward fome iflands, fifteen leagues diftant, and lying eaft-north-eaft from the preceding ; the appearance ofnbsp;which promifed better anchorage, as well as more abundant re-frefliments. He was prevented by the wind from reaching them tillnbsp;the 4th of March, when, after paffing between fome fmaller elevatednbsp;iflands on the north-weft of the principal land, he anchored in anbsp;creek bordered with houfes and plantations. In approaching thisnbsp;ftation, the fliip had every day been furrounded by numerous canoes,nbsp;' laden with all kinds of provifions, in exchange for which the iflandersnbsp;wanted to have tools, but obtained only clothing, Maurelle havingnbsp;ftrangely prohibited the fale of iron. The natives were in generalnbsp;tall and robuft. The chief, named Toobou, to whom they paid thenbsp;moft profound refpeól, was advanced in age, and very corpulent.

Ixv

He treated Maurelle with the fame profufe hofpitality that Cook had experienced at the more fouthern iflands. Water was not, however, tonbsp;be obtained fufhciently nigh at hand, and that which oozed into a pitnbsp;dug by the Spaniards proved too brackifh to be ufed. Maurelle therefore removed to a bay two leagues from the former, and in doing fdnbsp;loft two anchors. Here the Ihip was perfedlly flieltered, and goodnbsp;water was obtained clofe- to the fhore. The Spaniards were entertained with the ufuaf public di ver (ions, and being always on theirnbsp;guard, the intercourfe on fliore was not interrupted by any conteft ;nbsp;but the iflanders who came on board Role everything they couldnbsp;feize. They tore away the chain of the rudder j and after another hadnbsp;been fubftituted, one of the natives was fhot dead in attempting tonbsp;take that alfo. Maurelle failed 19th March, through a channel to thenbsp;fouth-weft, which, as well as that by which he entered, was foundnbsp;to be perfeóUy commodious. He places his anchorage in latitudenbsp;18° 36', and he called it El Refugio, or the Refuge.

The largeft of thefe iflands is nearly equal in extent to Tongataboo, and confiderably higher, although not mountainous. It is highlynbsp;fertile, and well cultivated, producing the fame fruits and roots as elfe-where in thefe latitudes, and abounding more with the cloth-plant thannbsp;any of the Friendly Iflands. Maurelle named this group after Donnbsp;Martin de Mayorga, then viceroy of Mexicoj and gives no intimation of the names ufed by the inhabitants.

Péroufe, who, in 1787, approached all the iflands lafl: defcribed, but had no intercourfe with the natives, takes it for granted thatnbsp;they conftitute the country called by Cook Vavaoo, but pronouncednbsp;Vavöu by the Friendly iflanders, and already fpoken of as lying atnbsp;the diftance of two 'days fail from Hapae. But this fpace, accordingnbsp;to Captain Cook’s calculation, muft exceed two hundred miles, whichnbsp;is more than double the dijfance between Hapae and the iflands ofnbsp;Mayorga. Captain Edwards alfo explored this clufter in July 1791,nbsp;naming it Howe’s iflands, and the anchorage Curtis’s found. Thenbsp;Ihip was vifited by two perfons, called Futtafaihe and Toobou.'nbsp;k

Ixvi

Captain Bligh, in the Providence, accompanied by Captain Portlock in the Affiftance, when returning with the bread-fruit from Otaheite,nbsp;laid to during the night, jd Auguft 1792, off thefe iflands, andnbsp;obtained provifions, but did not land. Two Ihips, which Mau relicnbsp;underftood to have been here prior to his voyage, might be thofe ofnbsp;Cook and Clerke, which the natives had probably feen at Hapae. Bynbsp;whatever name thefe iflands ought to be diflinguilhed, they prefent anbsp;favourable and a confiderable objedl for the attention of our miffionaries.nbsp;The longitude afligned to them by Captain Edwards is 173“ 53' weft.

Neootaböotaboo and Kootahê are feparated by a channel only three miles broad, in which is a fmall ifland ; and are fituated innbsp;latitude 15° 55', 173° 48' weft longitude. The former is the more ex-tenfive, and is reckoned among the larger of the Friendly Iflands. Itnbsp;is chiefly low, but has a confiderable hill in its centre. It is dividednbsp;into two unequal parts by a channel, which, at the mouth, is threenbsp;hundred yards wide. Kootahe is very lofty, of a conical form,nbsp;between two and three miles in diameter, and lies north-eaft from thenbsp;former. Both are populous, fertile, and poITelTed of the fame animalsnbsp;and vegetables as the iflands before defcribed. They were difeovered’nbsp;by Schouten and Lemaire, loth May 1616. Their Ihip anchored onnbsp;the north-weft fide of Kootahe, half a mile from the Ihore, in fandynbsp;ground, with twenty-five fathom; but they fent a boat to the largernbsp;ifland to fearch for a better ftation. The natives fwam around the ftiip,nbsp;and bartered cocoa-nuts in abundance for nails and beads ; but theynbsp;endeavoured to feize the boat, and one of them was Ihot beforenbsp;they defifted from the attempt. The chief of Neootabootaboo, whonbsp;had the title of Latoo, came on board ;; and having invited the Dutchnbsp;to that ifland, they were proceeding thither, when a thoufand ofnbsp;the natives fuddenly attacked the Ihip from their canoes, but werenbsp;repulfed with much havoc by the cannon loaded with muiket-balls.nbsp;Schouten departed on the 13th of the fame month. He gave the namesnbsp;of Traitors’ and Cocoa iflands to thefe difeoveries, in confequeneenbsp;of the reception he met with. Captain Wallis fell in with them

13th Augufl 1767, and called them Keppel’s and Bofcawen’s illands. His boat’s crew examined Neootabootaboo, and found a place fornbsp;anchoring and landing, with frefli water, but inconveniently fituated.nbsp;Captain Wallis exchanged fome nails for fowls, fruits, and one ofnbsp;their clubs, and proceeded the next day to the weft ward. The nailsnbsp;were in Poulaho’s pofleffion at Tongataboo, when Cook was there withnbsp;him. Peroufe faw Kootahe 20th December 1787, and having thenbsp;next day examined both the iHands, laid to on the following, in a fandynbsp;bay upon the weft coaft of the larger divifion of Neootabootaboo,nbsp;The natives brought off the fineft cocoa-nuts he had ever feen, withnbsp;other vegetables, as well as fome fowls and a hog; they difcoverednbsp;no apprehenfion, and traded very freely. They refembled the morenbsp;fouthern iflanders in every thing, except that their looks indicated anbsp;ferocity, like that which charadlerizes their northern neighbours.nbsp;The French did not fuffer them to come on board, but punifhed thenbsp;moft trifling thefts with feverity ; having been recently exafperated bynbsp;the murder of Captain de L’Angle and eleven more perfons, at onenbsp;of the Navigators’ iflands, which lie to the northward of thefe. Anbsp;rocky bank, two or three leagues north of Kootahe, was found innbsp;1616, with fourteen fathom water upon it.

An ifland was difcovered by Schouten and Lemaire the day after they left the preceding, which they reckoned to be thirty Dutchnbsp;leagues more to the weft ward. They judged it to be nearly ofnbsp;circular form, and about two leagues from north to fouth; but theynbsp;exprefs fome uncertainty as to its extent. It is hilly, and coverednbsp;with verdure, abounding with cocoa-nut trees, and populous. Anbsp;large village laid clofe to the fhore. They called it Hope ifland,nbsp;from the profpedt it afforded them of obtaining refrefhments. Ofnbsp;thefe they were neverthelefs difappointed, not being able to land fornbsp;the furf, which every where broke upon the coaft. Sending a boatnbsp;to found, they found from, twenty to forty fathoms, two or threenbsp;hundred, yards from fliore, with rocky bottom j but there were nonbsp;foundings a little further out. The natives aóled as at Kootahe, and

feveral of them were killed for attempting to feize the boat. They brought off vegetables only. The Dutch proceeded the fame day tonbsp;the weftward.

Captain Edwards fell in with this ifland 5th Auguft 1791, when he apparently meant to have vilited the former two, but was carried toonbsp;much to leeward. He places it in latitude 15° 53', 175° 51' weftnbsp;longitude. In the account of his voyage, it is fpoken of as'havingnbsp;eonfiderable extent, and the houfes as being of much larger conftructionnbsp;than at other iflands of this archipelago. He named it Proby’s ifland,nbsp;but underftood that the natives called it Onoo-aföu.

This name, and the diftance of this ifland from Hapae, accord with the defcription given to Cook, of the Vavöu of the Friendlynbsp;iflanders ; to which their term for an inhabited country, Wanoo, maynbsp;have been prefixed by the natives, as it is to the names of feveralnbsp;iflands in this ocean. Computing the extent of the ifland by itsnbsp;proportionate diftance from Kootahe, it muft be nine or ten Englifhnbsp;miles in diameter, according to Lemaire’s ftatement. Poulaho affertednbsp;that it affords as good anchorage as Tongataboo, and that it isnbsp;larger, and has, feveral ftreams of frefh water. Vavou is in highnbsp;eftimation among the Friendly iflanders ; and was, in 1777, thenbsp;refidence of Latoo-Iibooloo’s mother and After. A folemn mourningnbsp;was alfo then celebrated at Tongataboo for a chief who had lately diednbsp;at Vavou.

Two more iflands were difcovered by Schouten and Lemaire, the fifth day after leaving that laft defcribed. They deftroyed fome ofnbsp;the natives at their firft interview, but were afterward hofpitablynbsp;entertained by them, and procured every kind of refrefhment innbsp;great abundance. They were vifited by a perfon bearing the titlenbsp;of Latoo, and by another ftyled Areekee, who was therefore probablynbsp;the fovereign of all the Friendly Iflands. He was treated by thenbsp;other natives with the utmoft deference. They are reprefented likenbsp;thofe of the more fouthern iflands in moft circumftances, exceptnbsp;in being deftitute of clothing, and the females being deformed, and

Ixix peculiarly immodefl:. The iflands are hilly, fertile, and populous. The extent of them is not defcribed. The fhip anchored innbsp;a narrow roadftead, on the fouthern fide of the principal ifland, twonbsp;or three hundred yards from a fircam of frelh water, in a depth ofnbsp;ten fathoms, with fandy bottom. Clofe on. the outfide of the fiiipnbsp;was a bank, dry at low water. They place this anchorage in thenbsp;latitude of i4°56^fouth. The iflands were named Hoorn, after thonbsp;Dutch port, where the veffel had been equipped j and the road wasnbsp;called Concord, after the flaip’s name.

If the Hope ifland of Schouten be Vavou, there feems little room to doubt that Hoorn iflands are the country called Hamôa by thenbsp;Friendly iflanders, who defcribe it as being two days fail from Vavou, to the northward of weft, and agreeing in other refpedts withnbsp;Schouten’s Hoorn iflands. They do not appear to have been vifitednbsp;by any other navigator, except we may conceive them to be the twonbsp;iflands where Maurelle obtained refrefhments the 2ift and 22d ofnbsp;April 1781 ; which, therefore, he named Confolation Iflands. Thenbsp;figure and afpedt of thofe defcribed by him, and by Schouten andnbsp;Lemaire, perfeólly accord. Maurelle does not give the latitude in hisnbsp;narrative. That upon his chart differs from Schouten’s by more thannbsp;half a degree j but an error of that amount is not unlikely to havenbsp;occurred in Maurelle’s reckoning. No other difeovery correfpondsnbsp;with his, any more than with Schouten’s iflands.

Hamoa is reprefented by the natives of Tongataboo as the largeflr ifland of their archipelago ; and Poulaho, who had frequentlynbsp;refided upon it, faid that it furnifhed good water and abundant re-,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;frefhments, and affordedTiarbour for fhips.

The preceding account includes all the iflands hitherto difeovered' which have ufually been united under the fame government. Therenbsp;are two more groups, containing countries of greater extent than anynbsp;'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;yet defcribed, with which the Friendly iflanders are known to have

communication. To thefe, alfo, our miffionaries may therefore be

Ixx nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

able, through the Lord’s bleffing, to extend their labours from Tongataboo.

The very confiderable duller, of which either the whole, or fome part, is called by the natives, Feje, lies within three days fail in anbsp;canoe from that illand. The more northern part of this numerousnbsp;group was difcovered by Tafman 6th February 1643. Thefe iflandsnbsp;and reefs are evidently the fame that were explored by the Duff, andnbsp;amidll which Ihe met with the greateft danger that attended hernbsp;voyage. They were named by Tafman Prince William’s Illes, andnbsp;Heemlkirk’s Ihoals. They reach northward to the latitude of 15° 33'.nbsp;Captain Bligh fell in with the eafternmoft of thefe iflands, in 178’nbsp;weft longitude, the third day after his efcape from Toofoa in thenbsp;Bounty’s launch j and he pafled through the midft of them in a north-weftern courfe, which he could not have made in a Ihip, there being-only four feet depth of water on one of the reefs which he crofted.nbsp;In this diredion, he found the group to extend four degrees weftwardnbsp;from the firft iflands ; and he faw feveral that had from thirty to fortynbsp;leagues of coaft, and appeared fertile, being pleafingly variegated withnbsp;hills and valleys. His defencelefs fituation obliged him to avoidnbsp;intercourfe with the inhabitants. On his return from Otaheite in thenbsp;Providence, 5th Auguft 1792, he pafled to the north of the, firft iflandsnbsp;he had difcovered in 1789, and coafted, upon the fouth fide, fome ofnbsp;thofe which had been difcovered by Tafman. - After having croftednbsp;his former track, he doubled the fouthernmoft illand of the group,nbsp;in latitude 19“ 13', 178° eaß longitude, and proceeded, nth Auguft,.nbsp;on his voyage, in a courfe to the northward of weft. He landed nonbsp;where, and the iflanders in vain attempted to overtake the Ihip withnbsp;their canoes, apparently with hoftile defigns.

The moft weftern part of this group was difcovered by Captain Barber, in the fnow Arthur, 26th April 1794, on his paflage fromnbsp;Port Jackfon to the north-weft coaft of America. He faw fix of thenbsp;iflands^ the largeft of which he places in latitude 17“ 30'', 175° 5^

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ixxi

eaft longitude. He anchored in a bay on its weftern fide, and fome natives who came off in a canoe were reluélant to come on board, andnbsp;feemed to be iinaccuftomed to trade. The next day a number of canoesnbsp;attacked the Ihip, and two of the crew were wounded by them withnbsp;arrows. ' The favages attempted to board, but were repulfed with thenbsp;Ihip’s fwivels and fmall arms. The navigation on this, as on everynbsp;other fide of the group, was found to be intricate and dangerous.

It is uncertain whether thefe numerous and extenfive iHands are connected together under a difLindL gcrvcrnmerit, or whether they arenbsp;independent of each other, or moftly fubjedl to Tongataboo. It is certainnbsp;that at leaft fome of the principal iflands have been independent of itsnbsp;government, and occafionally hoftile to it. They are alfo of a diftinótnbsp;race, fpeak a different language, and, befide fpears and clubs, makenbsp;ufe of bows and arrows in battle. In this they refemble moft ofnbsp;the iflanders who inhabit the larger countries to the weftward ; andnbsp;differ from all who have yet been difeovered to the eaftward of thisnbsp;group. Many of the latter have bows and arrows, but they ufenbsp;them, as we do, only in fport j their miffile weapons in war being nonbsp;other than fpears and ftones. The intercourfe of Feje with Tongataboo does not feem to have lafted many generations, but during thenbsp;prefent century it has been frequent. The Friendly iflanders regardednbsp;the people of Feje as fuperior to themfelves, both in military prowefs,nbsp;and in mechanical ingenuity ; their weapons and clothing beingnbsp;wrought in a more mafterly ftyle, and fome manufactures, efpeciallynbsp;that of earthen veffels, being carried on at Feje, which are not attempted at Tongataboo. There alfo were dogs at Feje when therenbsp;were none at the Friendly Iflands, but they have been imported fromnbsp;thence fince the latter group became known to the Englifli. The fta-tùre of the Fejeans is fuperior, their complexions are darker, and theirnbsp;hair approaches to wool. They, moreover, retain the practice of eating .nbsp;the bodies of enemies whom they have killed, which is now abhorrednbsp;by all of the lighter race, except the inhabitants of New Zealand^

It is probable that the Fejeans are of the fame race that occupies the mod ex ten five iflands in this ocean. Their prevailing ferocity renders the more weftern countries very dangerous of accefs ;nbsp;but it may be hoped, that the fuperior civilization of Feje, and itsnbsp;intercourfe with Tongataboo, to which it appears that at, lead; fomenbsp;part of this group has lately been fubjeóled, may afford a favourablenbsp;introdudion of our miffionaries among a nation of great extent, andnbsp;in the utmoft need of evangelical inftrudion. The only Europeans who are known to have landed at Feje, are Lieutenantnbsp;Hayward, and a man who attended him thither, in a large canoenbsp;hired at Anamooka, for the purpofe of fearching after Fletchernbsp;Chriftian. Their inquiry was fruitlefs, but feems to have been con-duded without danger.

The other group which has intercourfe with the Friendly Iflands, is that which was named by M. de Bougainville the Navigators’ Iflands. Thefe are only ten in number, but fomcnbsp;of them are remarkable for their extent, fertility, and population. They are fituated between 169° and 172° 30' weft longitude,nbsp;and from latitude 13° 35'*, to an uncertain extent fouthward.nbsp;They are all lofty, like the Society Iflands, but are neither fur-rounded with a low border, nor enclofed by reefs. The eafternmoftnbsp;iflands of the clufter feem to have been fir ft difcovered by Roggeweinnbsp;and Bauman in 1732. Another, of fuperior magnitude, was added bynbsp;Bougainville in 1768; and the two wefternmoft iflands, which arenbsp;the moft confiderable, were difcovered by Peroufe in 1787. Each ofnbsp;the latter is more than forty miles in length. All thefe were vifitednbsp;by Captain Edwards in 1791. Péroufe was informed of three morenbsp;to the fouthward, named Shëka, Oflamo, and Ooera, which he couldnbsp;not fall in with. The native names afligned to the principal iflandsnbsp;by the two navigators, Péroufe and Edwards, totally differ in everynbsp;inftance. Pô la and Otewhei are thofe which they refpeólivelynbsp;give to the moft weftern ifland of the group; Oyo lava and Oh a-

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ixxui

TÖOA to the next confiderable ifland; Ma-oona and Otutuëla, to that which Bougainville difcovered; Opöon ahdTooMANUA,nbsp;to the eafternmoft ifland. The name of Tootooëla, which is affignednbsp;by the people of Tongataboo to one of the larger illands known tonbsp;them, agrees with the information received by Captain Edwards. Itnbsp;is notwithftanding difficult to conceive, how Peroufe miftook thenbsp;name of the very ifland, where the alfaffination of the French navigators, already mentioned, was perpetrated in December 1787.nbsp;Some remains of their clothing were feen there by the Pandora’snbsp;people in July 1791. At Otewhei the latter met with a perfonnbsp;related to Fenou, commander in chief of the Friendly Iflands.nbsp;He had lately had a finger cut off on account of the illnefs whichnbsp;iffued in the death of that chief. This circumftance demonftratesnbsp;that fome intercourfe fubfills between thefe, two groups. Thenbsp;inhabitants of both have the fame language, and the fame general cuftoms, that are common to all the eaftern iflands of thisnbsp;ocean. The natives of the Navigators* Iflands greatly exceed thenbsp;Friendly iflanders in ftature and ftrength, and are marked by anbsp;ferocity of afpedl and manners unknown at Tongataboo. In fomenbsp;particular cuftoms they appear alfo to differ confiderably. It is improbable that they fliould be fubjeél to Tongataboo ; but the acquaintance they have with its inhabitants may tender this importantnbsp;group acceffible with fafety to our brethren, in company with fome ofnbsp;the Friendly Ifland chiefs, by whom they are already highly efteemed.

Ghjttaboo^ ani other Ißanis of the Group called the Marquefas,

I

THIS group is known to extend from 85“ to loj® of latitude, and from 13810 to i40jo of weft: longitude. The inhabited iflands, whichnbsp;have been difcovered in it, are eight in number. They refemble thenbsp;Navigators* Iflands in their afpeél and their coafts. In moft, if notnbsp;in all of them, there are bays or coves which afford harbour fornbsp;ffiipping; -but accefs to them is often made difficult by fudden fqualls

Z

Ixxiv nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

of wind which breakover the mountains and precipices. The natives exceed, in general beauty, thofe of the groups already defcribed;nbsp;efpecially the females, who are not disfigured by punctures, althoughnbsp;the men are almoft entirely covered with thofe marks. The womennbsp;appear to be in greater and more general fubjedion at the Marquefasnbsp;than elfewhere. Both fexes are inferior in perfonal cleanlinefs tonbsp;the natives of Otaheite and Tongataboo, having lefs convenience fornbsp;bathing. They ufe lefs clothing; and the chiefs are lefs diftin-guilhed from their fubjeds, except by the profufion of ornamentsnbsp;with which they are fometimes covered. The foil of thefe iflands,nbsp;for the greater part, is not fo fertile as in any of the precedingnbsp;groups ; but the inhabitants are, probably in confequence of thisnbsp;deficiency, more adive and vigorous than thofe of Otaheite. Thenbsp;bread-fruit attains here to the higheft perfedion j but when it is outnbsp;of feafon the want of it is feverely felt, at leaf! at Ohittahoo, wherenbsp;articles of food to be fubftituted for it are fcarce. The Marquefansnbsp;refemble the Friendly iflanders in paying a greater deference to agenbsp;than the Otaheiteans, and in being exempt from the pradice of infantnbsp;murders, and other evils produced by the arreoe fociety.

Ohittahoo, which was feleded out of the group to be a mif-fionary ftation becaufe it was beft known to Europeans, is much inferior in extent to fome of the neighbouring iflands, being onlynbsp;nine miles long,from north to fouth, and about feven leagues in circuit. A narrow ridge of lofty hills runs through its whole length, andnbsp;is joined by other ridges, which gradually rife from the cliffs uponnbsp;the coafts. They are divided by deep, narrow, and fertile valleys,nbsp;adorned with trees, and watered by brooks and cafcades. On thenbsp;weftern fide are feveral coves. That in which Europeans haveufuallynbsp;anchored, is fituated under the higheft land in the country, in latitudenbsp;9® 55'' 30''^, 139° 8' 40'' weft longitude. It bears fouth 15® eaft fromnbsp;the weft end of a larger adjacent ifland, called Oheyahoa. Thenbsp;points that form the harbour (of which that to the fouthward is thenbsp;higheft) are about a mile afunder, and their diftance from the headnbsp;of the harbour not much lefs. The depth of water is from thirty-

four to twelve fathoms, and the bottom clean fand. Two fandy coves within the bay are feparated by a rocky point ; and each has anbsp;rivulet and habitations in it. That on the northern beach bears thenbsp;fame name with the ifland; the other, which is nearly concealednbsp;among the trees, is called Innamei.

Alvaro Mendana de Neyra difcovered this ifland and the three which lie neareft to it, in July 1595.quot; He named them LasMAR-Qjj E s A s de Mendoça, in honour of Mendoça, Marquis of Canete,nbsp;then viceroy of Peru, who had difpatched Mendana from thence, withnbsp;four fhips, for the purpofe of occupying the iflands of Solomon, whichnbsp;had been‘difcovered by the fame navigator twenty-eight years before.nbsp;Being very uncertain of the diftance of thofe iflands from Peru, he wasnbsp;proceeding in their latitude to fearch for them, when he difcovered thenbsp;fouthernmoft ifland of the Marquefas. On the 25th July he fent anbsp;boat to examine Ohittahoo, which he called Santa Chriftina, andnbsp;having found the harbour already defcribed, he named it Port Madrenbsp;de Dios. Manriquez, who commanded the boat, landed, and marchednbsp;with twenty foldiers, by beat of drum, round the northern village jnbsp;but the inhabitants did not flir from their houfes till the party halted,nbsp;and called to them; when about three hundred men and womennbsp;peaceably advanced. At the requeft of the Spaniards they broughtnbsp;feveral kinds of fruit, and fome water contained in cocoa-nut fhells.nbsp;The women, upon invitation, fat down among the foldiers ; but thenbsp;men were ordered to keep at a diftance, and to fetch more water innbsp;fome jars which had been brought in the boat. They feemed dif-pofed to keep the jars ; upon which Manriquez brutally fired amongftnbsp;them, and broke off their communication for that time. On the aSth,nbsp;Mendana brought his fquadron to anchor in the harbour; and mafsnbsp;being performed on Ihore, the natives filently attended to the ceremony. After taking formal pofleftion of the country in the namenbsp;of the King of Spain, he endeavoured to eftablifh a friendly inter-courfe with the people, and fowed Indian corn in their prefence.nbsp;When he returned on board, he left the command of the party onnbsp;1 z

(höre to Manriquez, and a quarrel again foon took place ; one of the foldiers was wounded by a fpear, and many of the natives werenbsp;killed by the fire-arms, with which they were purfued while retreating with their women and children to the woods. From thence they*nbsp;vainly attempted to annoy the invaders with lances and ftones, and afternbsp;fome days they made overtures of fubmiffion, and brought prefents ofnbsp;fruit to the guards which had been placed at the principal avenues.nbsp;A familiar intercourfe being renewed, fome of the iHanders andnbsp;Spaniards formed particular friendfliips ; and a man who becamenbsp;intimate with Mendana^s chaplain, went on board with him, dif-covered great docility, and feemed diftrefled when they departed.nbsp;Having refitted one of his veflels, and crcdtcd fome croffes on thenbsp;Ihore, Mendana failed 5th July j but terminated his voyage withoutnbsp;accompli filing its objedl, and died at an ifland which he difcoverednbsp;55° to the weftward of Ohittahoo.

It does not appear that the Marquefas were again vifited by Europeans till 1774» when Captain Cook went in fearch of thefe 1 Hands, in order to afcertain their longitude. After meeting with fome danger,nbsp;in attempting to turn into the harbour of Madre de Dios, he anchored there 6th April. Several canoes had followed the fliip as fiienbsp;paHTed the fmall harbours on the fame coaft to the northward, andnbsp;others came off from fhore as foon as Hie was anchored. A heap ofnbsp;ftones was provided in each canoe ; but the ifiandcrs finding theirnbsp;vifitors peaceable, bartered with them in an amicable manner. Thianbsp;intercourfe was renewed more abundantly the following day, butnbsp;they betrayed the fame propenfity to theft which every where prevails in the Pacific Ocean j and one of them having feized and gotnbsp;off with an iron ftanchion, was haftily Ihot through the head by annbsp;officer on board the Refolution. Hete-hete, who was then in thenbsp;Ihip, filed tears at feeing this adt of barbarity ; and Captain Cooknbsp;took much pains to reftore the familiarity which had been interruptednbsp;by it. The iflandets affembled on fiiore, armed with fpears and clubs,nbsp;and drew up under fome rocks on the north fide of the harbour.

4

Cook went to meet them with a party under arms j and Hete-hete having explained to them the wifhes of the Englifh, the nativesnbsp;appeared fatisfied, and conduced them to a brook, where water wasnbsp;obtained for the fhip^ A briik trade for vegetables was carried on,nbsp;and fome hogs were purchafed. The prefence of Cook was, however, found neccflary to preferve the confidence of the natives, whonbsp;afted precifely as if the conduct of the Spaniards, alm oil two centuries before, had been frefh in their remembrance. The womennbsp;had been removed from this harbour, but feveral were met with atnbsp;one to the fouthward of it, who difeovered no reluctance to the licentious familiarities of the failors. Hete-hete was foon able to con-verfe fluently with the natives, whofe dialed differs from that ofnbsp;Otaheite chiefly in not admitting the found of r, and in having, likenbsp;the Friendly iflanders, the hard confonants unknown at the othernbsp;group. They paid great attention to the information which he gavenbsp;them of cuftoms in which his countrymen differed from them, andnbsp;efpecially of the mode of producing fire by the friction of dry wood.

A chief, named Hônoo, and diftinguifhed by the title of Heka-ae, came with many attendants to the landing-place, and exchanged pre-fents with Captain Cook ; but could not be perfuaded to accompanynbsp;him on board. He was decorated with a great variety of ornaments, and wore a cloak, while the reft of the men had only thenbsp;märo round their loins. His looks and manner indicated muchnbsp;good-nature and intelligence. The fupplies of provifions feemed tonbsp;increafe in confequence of his vifit, and no farther conteft occurred jnbsp;fome thefts, which were committed, being fuffered by Captain Cooknbsp;to pafs unnoticed, as his ftay was defigned to be fliort. He failed onnbsp;the 11 th April.

A French navigator, named Le Marchand, vifited the Marquefas about the year 1789. Several veffels, chiefly American, engagedinnbsp;the fur trade, have alfo fince touched here for provifions ; and thenbsp;commander of one of them, named Roberts, built a fmall veflel atnbsp;Port Madre de Dios, with which he proceeded to the north-weft

coaft of America. It is reported that the people of Ohittahoo had perfevered in the prudent meafure of keeping their women at a diftancenbsp;from European vifitors ; and that, at this feafon, a conteft was excitednbsp;on the account, in which the refpedtable chief, Hönoo, was killednbsp;by his brutal guefls. This circumftance, which there is but toonbsp;much reafon to believe, may account for the very different conductnbsp;obferved relative to the females of Ohittahoo, in fubfequent vifits atnbsp;this place.

The Dædalus fforefliip touched at this ifland on her way from England to join Captain Vancouver, and anchored in Port Madre denbsp;Dios, 22d March 1792, in twenty-four fathom. Not being fuffi-ciently ffieltered from the land wind, her cable parted early the nextnbsp;morning j and while driving out of the bay, the fliip was found tonbsp;be on fire. In extinguifliing it, many pieces of rotten bedding werenbsp;thrown overboard, and the natives crowded round the fliip to picknbsp;them up. When the Dædalus regained her ftation, and had beennbsp;anchored clofer in fliore, it was obferved that the buoy of the anchornbsp;from which they had been driven, had been purloined; but a piece ofnbsp;wood having been left by the natives in its ftead, tied to the buoyrope, direded them to recover the anchor. Lieutenant Hergeft, whonbsp;failed as agent in the Dædalus, went in the afternoon to the placenbsp;for obtaining frefli water, which was at the diftance of a mile fromnbsp;the fliip i and finding the furf violent, he landed with only fournbsp;men, in order to fill two water-calks. The buckets ufed for thisnbsp;purpofe were foon ftolen by the iflanders, who crowded round,nbsp;without any perfon of authority to reftrain them. They even fnatchednbsp;Mr. Hergeft’s fowling-piece out of his hand ; and there being butnbsp;one mufket left among the party, it was judged better to make goodnbsp;their retreat with this, than to employ it vindidively. On retiringnbsp;to the long-boat, they found that fome of the natives had, by diving,nbsp;cut away the grapnel, with which it had been fecured. When theynbsp;regained the boat, they rowed clofe to the fliore, and fired a volleynbsp;pf mulketoons and fmall arms over the heads of the crowd. AU

immediately fled to the woods, except one man, who flood his ground, and threw flones at the boat’s crew. This bravado was fuf-fered to pafs unpunifhed, but four cannon fliot were fired from thenbsp;Ihip over the- fouthern village, which was not above a quarter of anbsp;mile diflant. This happily produced no worfe efièóh than to terrifynbsp;the natives, who fled in every direction to the mountains ; and aboutnbsp;fun-fet one of them fwam off with a green bough wrapped in whitenbsp;cloth, which he threw into the flaip. Having thus difcharged hisnbsp;embafly of-peace, he immediately returned on fhore.

The next day, Mr. Hergeft repairing to the watering-place' withan armed party,, was cheerfully aflifted by the iflanders to fill’and roll the calks, .with which they alfo fwam to the boats, and werenbsp;fuitably rewarded for their labour.- They could not flill be reftrainednbsp;from pilfering^on board, and a theodolite belonging to Mr. Gooch,-an aflronomer, was carried off, but feafonably recovered.

A chief named Too-öu, who had vifited the fhip when fhe firfl anchored, returned on the 24th with a prefent of provifions ; andnbsp;two others, fome'days afterward, brought the grapnel which hadnbsp;been cut from the boat. They promifed alfo to procure the fowling-piece, but came on board, when the fhip was ready to fail, withoutnbsp;fulfilling their engagement. Mr. Hergefl having well rewardednbsp;them for their former, trouble, and being confident that they couldnbsp;have recovered his gun, informed one of them that he fhould carrynbsp;him away if it was not fpeedily reflored ; and accordingly placed anbsp;eentinel over him in the cabin. The refl of the natives fled in alari'n ;nbsp;but the fowling-piece was obtained in half an hour. The prifonernbsp;was then liberated, ' greatly to his joy ; and prefenfs 'were made tonbsp;him, .and to another principal perfon who had brought the gun onnbsp;board.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;;

The crowd of iflanders having incommoded the fhip’s company in their bufinefs, the colours were hoifled, to fignify that they muftnbsp;not come on board... The men fubmitted to this prohibition j butnbsp;many of the women perfifled in fwimming to the fhip, till mufkets

were repeatedly fired over their heads, to deter them. Thefts were frequent and daring, and the chiefs feemed to want either authority or inclination to reprefs them. , One man, who had made off from the Ihip with a bucket, was Ihot unintentionally through the calf of his leg,nbsp;but no other damage was occafioned.

A good fupply of vegetables was obtained ; but few hogs could be purchafed, and thofe at a rate unufually dear in the South-Sea iflands. The harbour was accurately furveyed before the fliipnbsp;failed, but the fketch given by Captain Cook was found to be fiiffi-ciently correct.

The Prince William Henry left Otaheite on the 39th March, the fame day that the Dædalus failed from Ohittahoo. She made anbsp;direól north-eaft palTage to this ifland, which is therefore demon-ftrated to be praticable, although not known to have been performednbsp;by any other velfel. Her flay was very tranfient, and her voyagenbsp;from Britain to the Sandwich iflands was fo rapid as to be accom-pliflied in four months.

Captain Brown, in the Butterworth, accompanied by two fmaller , private veflels, anchored in Port Madre de Dios ift June 1793, andnbsp;ftaid only two days, to take in frefh'water.

The degree in which the manners of the people at Ohittahoo had been corrupted, fubfequent to Cook’s voyage, was not known whennbsp;the Duff left England ; and the difappointment, occafioned by thisnbsp;change, appears to have produced the only inftance that occurrednbsp;among our miflionaries, of fhrinking from the work in which theynbsp;were engaged. If the folitary condition of a very promifing youngnbsp;man, who had the fortitude to remain fingly on his poft, fhould tendnbsp;to delay the progrefs of the gofpel at the Marquefas, it is hopednbsp;that this deficiency will foon be amply fupplied. Obftacles, thatnbsp;are to be apprehended from long-eftablifhed cuftoms in the othernbsp;groups, are here apparently not liable to oppofe the truth; andnbsp;we truft that a foundation has already been laid, on which othersnbsp;•may build with great advantage.

preliminary DISCOURSE.' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ixxxi

To the northward of this ifland, and feparated by a diannel hardly above a league in breadth, is Ohevahoa, which extends fix leaguesnbsp;north-eaftward, and has a circuit of fifteen or fixteen leagues. It isnbsp;more fieep and craggy, efpecially toward the eaftern point, thannbsp;Ohittahoo J but its deep valleys, and the fides of the hills, are, likenbsp;thofe of the former ifland, clothed with trees and verdure. Mendana,nbsp;who difcovered it on the Lord’s day^ named it on that accountnbsp;La Dominica. He lailed along the fouthern coaft, as Cook did afterward, without difcovering any harbour. This deficiency has prevented any farther knowledge of the interior country. It appeared innbsp;a much more advantageous light to the former navigator than it didnbsp;to the latter. The natives have always attended at Port Madre denbsp;Dios,, when European veflels have lain there; and they refemblcnbsp;the inhabitants of that place, with whom they maintain friendlynbsp;intercourfe.

Onateya, which was named San Pedro by Mendana, lies about' five leagues eaftward of Ohittahoo, and as much to the fouth ofnbsp;Ohevahoa. It is about three leagues in circuit, moderately high, andnbsp;pretty level; with extenfive woods, and pleafant plains.

The moft fouthern ifland of the group, ten leagues diftant from Onateya, was the firfl that Mendana difcovered ; and he named it Linbsp;Magdelana, in allufion to the Romifh feftival on which he fell innbsp;with it, July 21, 1595. He coafted the fouthern fhore the followingnbsp;day, and four hundred of the natives came off, fome in canoes, fomenbsp;floating and fwimming, to the fhips. They offered cocoa-nuts, andnbsp;other fruits, to the Spaniards, and invited them to land. Forty ofnbsp;the iflanders, with little perfuafion, went on board Mendana’s veffel,nbsp;and were prefented with clothing ; but they atternpted to fteal almoflnbsp;every thing they faw, which foon produced a contefl. One of thenbsp;Spaniards was wounded by them with a ftone, and they fuffered fe-verely from the fire-arms. The fquadron continuing under fail, theynbsp;fent after it a canoe, with fymbols of peace and friendfhip. Thisnbsp;ifland was judged to be fix leagues in circuit, and appeared populous

m

and fertile. Captain Cook, who faw it after leaving Ohittahoo, reckoned it to be nearly in latitude lO“ 25', 138° 50^ weft longitude.nbsp;Captain Brown, in the Butterworth, 27th May 1792, difcovered anbsp;rock refembling a fliip, north-caftward from the fouth-eaft point ofnbsp;this ifland, at the diftance of five leagues. He did not anchor, butnbsp;laid to off the fouthern coaft till the 31ft, and procured cocoa-nuts,nbsp;plantains, and bread-fruit, for nails, from the canoes which camenbsp;alongfide, and by his boats from the inhabitants on ftiore. One of hisnbsp;people fpent a night upon the ifland, and fwam off the next morning.nbsp;The natives arc underftood to call this ifland Ohittatoa.

The only addition to the difcoveries of Mendana, which was made by Captain Cook’s vifit to the Marquefas, is an ifland called by thenbsp;inhabitants Teböoa, and by Cook, Hood’s ifland. It is fituated innbsp;the latitude of 9’ 26', arid at the diftance of five leagues from thenbsp;eafternmoft point of Ohevahoa, nearly in the direólion of N.N.W.nbsp;It has a bluff appearance, and is of inferior extent to moft others ofnbsp;the group.

The fhips, which, at a later period, have proceeded to the northward, after taking refrefhments at Ohittahoo, have made much more important difcoveries in this clufter. It is faid that Captain Lenbsp;Marchand, in 1789, was the firft who faw feveral iflands at no greatnbsp;diftance to the north-weft of thofe which had fo long before beennbsp;difcovered. An American named Ingraham next obferved them, andnbsp;fuppofed them to have been till then unknown, but did not land uponnbsp;them. The only information refpeóling thefe iflands, that hasnbsp;hitherto been publiflied, was obtained during the voyage of thenbsp;Dædalus ftorelhip, in which they were particularly explored. Thenbsp;pofitions of thç newly-difcovered iflands having been very incorrectly laid down by our countrymen who preceded Captain Wilfon,nbsp;we refer to his account and chart for their fituations, forms, andnbsp;extent j limiting our prefent notice to the circumftances which appearnbsp;in the vifits that were previoufly made to thefe iflands.

The fouthernmoft of the new Marquefas, Rüoapöa, was called

Trevennen’s ifland by Lieutenant H erge ft, who examined it 31ft March 1792. In its centre are two rocky eminences of vaft height,nbsp;and of Angular figure, with feveral fmaller peaks adjacent. Near thenbsp;fouth-eaftern point of the coaft is a rock refembling a church with anbsp;fpire. Several fmall bays are formed in the fouthern fide, the beft ofnbsp;which is terminated by the fouth-weftern point of the ifland. Itnbsp;was named Friendly bay, from the conduól of the inhabitants, ofnbsp;wfiom more than a hundred peaceably furrounded the Ihip with theirnbsp;canoes, and bartered fruits for beads and other trifles. They feemednbsp;to be very numerous on fhore, and the eaftern and fouthern fidcs ofnbsp;the ifland to be very fertile. Thé natives exaólly refembled in appearance thofe of the preceding ifles.

Due north from thence, and eight leagues diftant, is Nooaheva, called by Mr. Hergeft, Sir Henry Martin’s ifland, which is the moftnbsp;confiderable of the whole group, both for extent and fertility. Thenbsp;fouth-eaftern cape, which he named Point Martin, forms, with thenbsp;coaft to the weftward of it, a deep bay, well flieltered, and borderednbsp;by fandy beaches. At the head of the bay was obferved, either anbsp;deep cove, or the mouth of a confiderable ftream. Two leaguesnbsp;farther weftward is à fine harbour, with a fandy bottom, ftioalingnbsp;from twenty-four fathoms to feven, within a quarter of a mile of thenbsp;fliore. A ftream of excellent water runs into it, and it is wellnbsp;flieltered from all winds. A beautiful plain, extends for a mile andnbsp;a half from the beach. The country is populous, and well cultivated.nbsp;The people appeared to be lighter than thofe of Ohittahoo, and variednbsp;confiderably from them in other refpedls. More than one thoufandnbsp;five hundred were alfembled on the fliores of this harbour, whichnbsp;was named Port Anna Maria. They received fome people whonbsp;landed from the Dædalus very hofpitably, and fent off all kinds ofnbsp;provifions to the fhip. The wefterji fide of the ifland was lefs populous.

Captain Brown, in the Butterworth, landed at Nooaheva 3d June 1792, about two months after the Dædalus had beea there;

and exaiAinéd the north-weftern part of the ifland, upon which fide likewife very good harbours were found. The natives alfo behavednbsp;friendly and refpeótfully, but being grangers to white people, theynbsp;were earneft to fee whether their (kin was of the fame colour undernbsp;their clothing as in their faces. Some peculiar ceremonies feem tonbsp;prevail here ; a woman, who, at the requeft of one of the Englilh,nbsp;brought him fome frefli water to drink, would not deliver it to himnbsp;till flie had pronounced a long oration.

Early in February 1793, the Dædalus revifited this ifland on her way from the north-weft coaft of America to New South Wales, andnbsp;anchored in Port Anna Maria. A friendly intercourfe was renewed,nbsp;but it was fuddenly broken off by a quarrel between one of the failorsnbsp;and an iflander who had come on board. The latter having ftruck thenbsp;Englifhman, was ftiot by him after having leaped overboard. Uponnbsp;this, a great number of war canoes were alfembled, and the fhipnbsp;was attacked with ftones. Lieutenant Hanfon, who had fucceedednbsp;Mr. Hergeft in the Dædalus, was obliged to quit the harbour,nbsp;after remaining there two nights, and proceeded to obtain needfulnbsp;refreihments at Otaheite.

Eaftward from Nooaheva, at the diftance of fix or feven leagues, is R00AHÖOGA, which was called by Lieutenant Hergeft Riou’snbsp;ifland. It is high and craggy, efpecially at the weft end, but appearsnbsp;more fertile than the fouthern iflands of the group. At this end is anbsp;fhelf of rocks, extending about a quarter of a mile from the fhore,nbsp;which was named after Captain New of the Dædalus. This partnbsp;of the ifland is deftitute of any harbour for fliipping, but on thenbsp;fouthern. coaft there are appearances of convenient anchorage in twonbsp;bays. Above one hundred natives alfembled in canoes round thenbsp;Dædalus upon her firft approach to the coaft, and bartered their pro-.nbsp;vifions in a very friendly manner.

It is probable that this group extends farther, both to the northweft and fouth-eaft, than has yet been explored. Four uninhabited iflands are all that have been difeovered befide thofe already defcribed.

Of thefe, two, which are very fmall, are fituated weft by north from Nooaheva, ten or twelve leagues diftant, the other two farther offnbsp;to the north-weft, in 7° fouth latitude. The largeft of thefenbsp;latter is eight miles long and two broad. Upon its north-weftern fidenbsp;is a bay, affording good anchorage, frefti water, and cocoa-nuts.nbsp;That fide of the ifland has in general a fertile appearance, but thenbsp;caftern coaft is barren. The fmaller ifland lies near the other toward thenbsp;north-eaft, and fome rocky iflets are between them. Both the iflandsnbsp;are high, and, though not inhabited, are occafionally vifited. Theynbsp;were called Robertr’s ifles, and the two fmall ones before mentionednbsp;were named after Lieutenant Hergeß.

Mendana underftood from the natives of Ohittahoo, that they fometimes vifited, in a hoftile manner, a country toward the fouth,nbsp;the inhabitants of which were black, and ufed bows and arrows innbsp;battle. From Captain Wilfon’s particular inquiry on this fubjedt, itnbsp;appears, that if they had at that time any knowledge of fuch anbsp;people, it has fince been wholly loft. It is more probable that thenbsp;Spaniards mifapprehended what was faid -, as that nation of thenbsp;South-Sea iflanders which correfponds to this defcription, is notnbsp;known to extend farther eaftward than Feje, which is two thoufandnbsp;four hundred miles from the Marquefas.

THE account that has been given of the numerous iflands con-neóted with thofe already occupied as miflionary ftations, fuffices to illuftrate the extent to which, under the bleffing of our Lord, thenbsp;gofpel may probably be diffufed, from the three central places to whichnbsp;it has been introduced. Were it poffible here to infert fimilar accountsnbsp;of all the countries which are fituated between thefe groups and thenbsp;coafts of Afia and New South Wales, the apparent importance of ournbsp;efforts would be enhanced beyond what can be conceived from thenbsp;fpecimen that is now furniflred. It mult not, ho wever, be omitted.

Ixxxvi ' PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE;

that people of the fame race with the natives of the groups we have ' defcribed, are difperfed over the Ladrone and Caroline iflands, whichnbsp;lie north of the equator, and extend from'the 130th to the 175thnbsp;degree of eaft longitude ; and they have reached from the latternbsp;group, or from fome intermediate places not yet difeovered, to thenbsp;Sandwich iflands, which are fituated between 155“ and 160° weftnbsp;longitude, and 19’ and 22” north latitude. Crofling the equator,nbsp;probably from the more eaftem of the Caroline iflands, they havenbsp;fpread over the clufters of which we have given an account, and fromnbsp;the Friendly Iflands have reached the large country of New Zealand^nbsp;between 34° and 48° fouthlatitude, and 166°and 180° eaft longitude;nbsp;while from Otaheite, or fome of the iflands fouth-eaft of it, theynbsp;’have made a furprifing ftretch to the folitary fpot called Eafler I/land,nbsp;in 27° fouth latitude, and 110° weft longitude. The language andnbsp;cuftoms of this widely fcattered nation have been traced to the coaftsnbsp;of the great Afiatic iflands, Luzon and Borneo, and from thence to thenbsp;peninfula of Malacca, the Aurea Cherfonefus, beyond which the geographical knowledge of the ancients can hardly be faid to have extended. The aftonifhing migrations of this race feem to have originated, like thofe of the northern Europeans, from defigns of conqueft.nbsp;Thefe they carried into effèól; on the coafts of the grand Afiatic archipelago, driving the black natives of thofe very extenfive iflands to thenbsp;interior mountains, which they ftill occupy as a diftindl and independent people. But the migrations of the fairer race from thenbsp;Philippine iflands to the Carolines, and farther eaftward, havenbsp;almoft to a certainty been occafioned by ftrefs of weather, whichnbsp;drove their canoes from ifland to ifland, and from one group tonbsp;another, that had not before been peopled. Frequent incidents of thisnbsp;nature have been afeertained, and fome of them have been'fpecified innbsp;our account of the iflands conneded with Otaheite. The populationnbsp;of iflands fo widely fcattered, cannot, for the greater part, be other-wife explained, either upon the ground of eftablilhed falt;ft, or uponnbsp;that of probable conjedure.

The original inhabitants of the great Afiatic iflands feem, likewifc, before they were driven back from their coafts, to have made verynbsp;confiderable emigrations, although not to diftances fo remote as thofenbsp;to which their fupplanters have been difperfed. * The darker racenbsp;has fpread over the vaft countries of New Holland and New Guinea^nbsp;with 'the adjacent iflands of New Britain, New Ireland, andnbsp;JLouißade, as well as thofe of Solomon, Santa Cruz *, New Caledonia, the chief part of the New Hebrides, and the group called Fejê.nbsp;Like the natives of Africa, whom in perfon they generally refemble,nbsp;they are divided into numerous tribes, and are diftinguiflied bynbsp;various languages J yet there is a ftriking famenefs in the cuftomsnbsp;even of thofe moft remotely feparatedj and they all differ effentiallynbsp;from the nation that occupies the numerous fmaller iflands of thisnbsp;ocean. The former are ufually more favage, and of inferior ftature;nbsp;but fome of their tribes may, in thefe refpects, be compared, or evennbsp;preferred, to the leafl: civilized colonies of their rivals. A Newnbsp;Zealander can boafl: little or no advantage over his neighbour of Newnbsp;Caledonia j and a Sandwich iflander mull apparently yield the palmnbsp;to an inhabitant of Fejê. The fuperior hofpitality of the Otaheiteans,nbsp;the Friendly iflanders, and the Marquefans, invited our endeavours tonbsp;promote their beft interefts j and our eleólion of that nation, and ofnbsp;thofe groups, has, through the bleffing of God, been juftified by thenbsp;trial which we have been enabled to make.

All the iflands of this ocean prefented frefh ground for miflionary labour, excepting the Philippines, the Ladrones, and a few of thenbsp;Carolines, to which the Spaniards had gained prior accefs ; Japan,nbsp;once filled with converts to popery, but now without the fliadownbsp;of chriftianity ; and the northern Kurile iflands, which are ftatedly

* The groups named by Mendana the Ifles of Solomon and Santa Cruz, are the fame that, in pages 297, 298, of the following narrative, are called Egmont Illand, amp;c.nbsp;and New Georgia ; thofe names having been given to them by Captain Carteret andnbsp;Lieutenant Shortland, who imagined that they were new difeoveries.

4

vifited by a Ruffian clergyman from KamtfcJjatka, That peninfula contains the only glimmering ray of chriftianity that enlightensnbsp;the Afiatic co aß of the Pacific Ocean, with the foie exception of thenbsp;Roman Catholics fecreted in the Chinefe empire. The coaft ofnbsp;North America^ from Behring’s flraits to California^ is involved innbsp;more than Egyptian darknefs. Upon the laft-mentioned peninfulanbsp;Spain has feveral miffionary fiat ions, where benevolent and laboriousnbsp;efforts are made, at leaft to civilize the miferable inhabitants. Fromnbsp;thence to the i fl and of Chiloe, in South America, it is to be fearednbsp;that the Spaniffi conquefts have led the natives rather to detefi thenbsp;name of chriftianity than to comprehend its nature. Crofting thisnbsp;immenfe ocean to New South Wales, at a diftance of 13^ degrees ofnbsp;longitude, we find the gofpel preached with purity and zeal to a herdnbsp;of our own countrymen, whofe vices reduce them below the moftnbsp;abjed: clafs of the heathen world around. May the dodrine of thenbsp;crofs triumph there over the unparalleled obftacles it has to furmount jnbsp;and may it advance from fhore to fiiore, till it covers the hemifpherenbsp;¦that is wafhed by the Pacific Ocean ! Let him who reads fay,nbsp;“ Amen, Lord Jefus ! Thy kingdom come 1 Thy will be donenbsp;quot; in earth, as it is in heaven 1”

P. S. On the general chart that defcribes Captain Wilfon’s track, thofe countries of the Pacific Ocean, which lie within, or fouthward of the tropics, are comprehendednbsp;under'the general name of Australia, after the example of foreign geographers.nbsp;As they appear to be divided between two diftinlt;ft races of inhabitants, one of whichnbsp;almofl wholly poflefles the more cxtenfive countries fituated in the fouth-weftern partnbsp;of the ocean, thefe are diftinguifhed from the reft by the title of the Greater Auftralia :nbsp;the numerous fmall iflands inhabited by the fairer race being included under that ofnbsp;LiJJer Auftralia. To the whole group, of which a part was difeovered by Cook,nbsp;and called by him the Friendly Illes, the title of United Archipelago is afligned upon thenbsp;chart. The propriety of thefe innovations is fubmitted to the judgment of fuch amongnbsp;our readers as are accuftomed to geographical refearches.

LETTER OF INSTRUCTIONS

TO

CAPT^ IN WIL S 0 N,

FROM

THE DIRECTORS.

confiant protection with which it has pleafed the Divine Being to favour the concerns of the Miflionary Society, renders itnbsp;incumbent on us, before we enter on the immediate fubjeCl of ournbsp;addrefs to you, to make a humble and undiflembled acknowledgment of the gratitude which is due to Him, and to recognife withnbsp;thankfulnefs the frequent and manifeft interpofitions of his hand innbsp;favour of this inftitution.

Among many other occurrences which have appeared to us of a nature peculiarly providential, and which we have confidered as thenbsp;proofs of the condefeending care with which it has pleafed the greatnbsp;Head of the church to regard this undertaking, there has been nonenbsp;that excited more thankfulnefs to his name, or occafioned morenbsp;univerfal fatisfaClion among ourfelves, than the circumftance of yournbsp;having been inclined to confecrate yourfelf to the fervice of God on thisnbsp;interefting occafion. We trull that the fame Being, from whom thenbsp;difpofition has proceeded, will impart the grace which is requifitenbsp;to accompli/li the arduous fervice, and infpire the wifdom which isnbsp;needful for the execution of its important duties.

Connected with us in the direction of the affairs of the Society, you are fully apprifed of the nature and delign of the expedition younbsp;have undertaken to conduCt.

n

xc INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

You areaware, that it is not only in its nature Angular» and almoft without a precedent, but that it is alfo one of the mod honourablenbsp;and moft important fervices which can be confided to a humannbsp;being. The attention of the Chriftian world is very generally excitednbsp;to the objedt, and devout intcrccfl'ions are continually afcending likenbsp;incenfe to heaven for its fuccefs. Should it be favoured with thenbsp;blefiing of God, it may be the diredf means of imparting divinenbsp;light and eternal life to great multitudes of immortal beings, andnbsp;may form an æra of difiinguilhcd importance in the hifiory of humannbsp;redemption. In this view of the interefting nature of the bufi-nefs we are engaged in, it is with peculiar fatisfaétion and fin-cere afïèélion, that we, the Uircdtors of the inftitution, not onlynbsp;inveft you with the command of the Ihip, and with full and completenbsp;authority for the management of its concerns in relation to the voyage ;nbsp;but alfo commit to your care and fuperintendence, during the famenbsp;period, the more important charge of the million itfelf, and efpeciallynbsp;of thofe faithful brethren who accompany you therein. Pear to ournbsp;Saviour, in whofe name they go forth, thefe apoftolic men will havenbsp;a firong intcreft in your aftcéfions alfo. Having forfaken their friendsnbsp;and their country for the love of Chrift, and with the defire ofnbsp;fpreading the honours of his name among the heathen, they will fecknbsp;in your kind attention an equivalent for the endearing connexionsnbsp;they have relinquilhed ; and you will be defirous of extending towardsnbsp;them the wife fuperintendence of a parent, and the affedionatenbsp;fympathy of a brother. You will cheer the fpirit that is liable to-droop under the preflure of its anxieties, or adminifter the word ofnbsp;admonition to the difciple that is in danger of erring. You will benbsp;among them the centre of union, to reconcile their divifions, andnbsp;confirm their love j the univerfal friend, in whofe bofom they willnbsp;depofit their diverfified cares.

As dt is needful that you Ihould be furnilhed with inftrudions, both with refpect to the voyage itfelf, and alfo with relation to thenbsp;eftablilhment of the miflion, it is our duty to defire, that after having

f

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON. xci received your cargo on board an invoice whereof you will be fur-nilhed with, and alfo the miffionaries who are to accompany younbsp;whofe names and occupations you will have an account of, you willnbsp;pleafe to proceed with all poflible difpatch to Portfmouth, in ordernbsp;to join the Eaft India convoy now lying there, to which you are tonbsp;attach yourfelf, and to ufe every exertion in your power to keep company with it, as far as its courfe and yours are defigned to coincide.

In cafe the convoy Ihould Hop at Teneriffe, you will procure four pipes of the beft wine in hogfheads, for which you will apply to thenbsp;houfe of Meir. Paifley and Little, and reimburfe them for the amountnbsp;by your draft on the treafurer to the inftitutiom You will endeavour to procure from thence two or three bunches of dried grapes ofnbsp;the beft kind, in order that the feeds may be planted when you arrive at the place of your deftinationj alfo a few pecks, or evennbsp;quarts, of the beft feed wheat, together with the feeds of fuch tropical fruits as you may think it would be advantageous to take withnbsp;you. You will alfo endeavour to procure one ram lheep and twonbsp;ewes, to be preferved for the purpofe of breeding; alfo a male andnbsp;female afs, for the fame purpofe. You will alfo at this place probably have an opportunity of giving your fliip’s company and thenbsp;paflengers feveral meals of frefli meat and vegetables j which, as itnbsp;will promote their health and comfort, we are well perfuaded willnbsp;not efcape your attention. On taking your departure from Tenerifiè,nbsp;we wifti you to confider the port of Rio de Janeiro on the coaft ofnbsp;Brazil as your next objedl. At that place you will be able to laynbsp;in a ftock of fugar very cheap, for the ufe of the Ihip’s companynbsp;and miffionaries on the voyage, as well as for the latter after they ,nbsp;are put on Ihore; as alfo tobacco, chocolate, cochineal-plant, andnbsp;many other vegetable produdtions ufeful for confumption and cultivation at the fettlement. Here you will alfo embrace the opportunity to procure a fupply of frefti meat, and other defirable articles, for the refrefhment of the ftiip’s company, at a reafonablenbsp;rate.

n 2

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

From this port we wifh you to proceed by the way of Cape Horn to the ifland of Otaheite, there to put in execution the directionsnbsp;which will be hereafter fuggefted, fo far as they may appear to younbsp;eligible on your arrival. In the mean time, we think it material tonbsp;provide againft the probability of your meeting with a foul wind innbsp;your attempt to double Cape Horn; in which cafe, after having madenbsp;the firft attempt as clofe in with the land as you think confident withnbsp;the fafety of the Ihip, we recommend you to Hand to the fouthwardnbsp;to the diftance of at lead four or five degrees ; when, if you ffillnbsp;find the wind blowing ftcadily againft you, rather than lofe muchnbsp;time in attempting to beat againft it, we advife you to bear up andnbsp;run for the Cape of Good Hope, where you will find thofe refrefh-ments which by that time you will ftand in need of.

On your arrival in the South Seas, the deftined feene of your benevolent exertions, the immediate profpedl of the important fervicenbsp;before you will imprefs your mind with peculiar weight, and younbsp;will be anxious to fulfil, to the utmoft of your power, the engagement you have undertaken. You will then recoiled:, that the fpherenbsp;of your adivity is widely extended, and includes a confiderablenbsp;number of different iHands remotely fituated from each other ; yo'Unbsp;will be reminded of the refolution of the general meeting, which wasnbsp;thus expreffed :

“ That a miflion be undertaken to Otaheite, the Friendly Iflands, “ the Marquefas, the Sandwich, and the Pelew Iflands, in a fhipnbsp;“ belonging to the Society, to be commanded by Captain Wilfon,nbsp;“ as far as may be pradicable and expedient.”

This refolution embraces a plan of great extent and importance, and proceeds from the laudable and benevolent defire of introducingnbsp;the knowledge of Chrift into as many different iflands as poffible ;nbsp;you will therefore confider this refolution as the rule of your con-dud, and keep it in your remembrance in all your proceedings. Itnbsp;is not to be departed from, without folid and important reafons j for,nbsp;as the gofpel of Chrift is a bleffing beyond the power of calculation

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

to eftimate, the defirablenefs of fending it to as many iflands as poflible is in proportion to its incftiinable value. We do not mean,nbsp;however, to encourage you to adopt a fyftem of miffionary enterprifenbsp;beyond the boundaries of difcretion j we do not urge you to departnbsp;from the principles of prudence and caution, which fo importantnbsp;an occafion requires ; nor by attempting to introduce the advantagesnbsp;of Chriftianity in many places, fo to divide your numbers as to weaken 'nbsp;your efforts, too much in each, and endanger your fuccefs in all.nbsp;The refolution is not intended to prevent a wife and difcrcet circum-fpeélion. It is indeed defirable to introduce the gofpel into feveralnbsp;iflands; but it is neceffary, if pofflble, to eflablifh it in one ; for ifnbsp;you concentrate your exertions, and gain a folid eftablifhment in onenbsp;place, it may become the germ of other miffionary efforts, and be anbsp;facred leaven which may gradually fpread its beneficial influencenbsp;through numerous and diftant iflands of the South Seas. Thus younbsp;will perceive, that although the refolution by which you are to endeavour to regulate your operations is of great extent, and highly de-flrable to be accomplifhed, yet that it is limited by the confiderationsnbsp;of prafticability and expedience ; and of thefe you will of neceffitynbsp;be the beft qualified to judge.

The queftion refpedling the pradlicability of vifiting fo many diftant iflands muft be decided by circumftances which it is impoffible for us to anticipate; and even to you, when in the South Seas, a miffionnbsp;may appear to be praélicable, which you may neverthelefs not think itnbsp;expedient to attempt. For inftance, the Pelew iflands are the laft which,nbsp;in the order of your voyage, you will have occafion to vifit. The cha.-rader of the natives furnifhes a ftrong inducement to eftablifh a miffionnbsp;among them, and the attempt may alfo appear to be practicable ; butnbsp;would you think it expedient to take a few miffionaries from thenbsp;iflands at a great diftance to windward, at an uncertainty of the reception which a miffionary plan might meet with in the former ? Sup-pofe that, by a new chief having arifen with lefs favourable difpofitions.

xcîv INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

than the father of Lee Boo, or through any other caufe, you fhould be prevented from leaving our brethren there, with perfect fatisfaâiionnbsp;to yourfelf and them, what would be the effect ? You could notnbsp;admit of the wafte of time and expenditure of money which it wouldnbsp;require to convey them to the iflands where your other miffions maynbsp;have been eftabliffied, even if your return thither againft the tradenbsp;wind was pradlicable j and you would probably have no alternativenbsp;but that of bringing them with you to their native land. The famenbsp;reafoning may apply with refpedt to the Sandwich iflands. It isnbsp;extremely defirable that the bleffings of the Chriftian religionnbsp;fhould be extended to thofe populous regions ; but the indubitablenbsp;accounts which we have lately received of the aólual ftate of thofenbsp;iflands, do not permit us to recommend the eftabliffiment of a miffionnbsp;among them at prefent. A variety of other confiderations will occurnbsp;to your mind when you are to decide on what is praticable andnbsp;expedient. If you look over the inventory of the different articlesnbsp;which make up your cargo, fupplied by the liberality of our friends,nbsp;or furniflied from the funds of the inftitution, you will probably conclude that they are much more adapted for the co-operation of a number of individuals in one or two focieties, than for anbsp;diftribution among more. When you confider the qualifications ofnbsp;the miffionaries, you will perhaps be inclined to think, that remaining in one or two bodies, they may form models of civilized fo-ciety, fmall indeed, but tolerably complete. There are fome amongnbsp;them who are adapted to be ufeful by the improved flate of theirnbsp;minds, and their fitnefs for taking the lead in religious fervices; therenbsp;are others who are neceflary on account of the fkilfulnefs of theirnbsp;hands, and their knowledge of the ufeful arts : thus there would benbsp;among them that mutual dependence and ufefulnefs which is thenbsp;cement of the focial order. If you ffiould feparate them into feveralnbsp;parties for various miffions, it would occur to you that this order andnbsp;connexion would be very much broken j and as every miffion ffiould

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

contain within itfelf a competent fund both of divine and human knowledge, you might perhaps find it impraélicable-to arrange ournbsp;miffionaries into feveral parties, and yet preferve among them thefenbsp;indifpenfable requifites. Among our brethren who accompany you,nbsp;we trufl: you will find fome who poflefs a confiderable acquaintancenbsp;with the doófrines of Chriftianity in their foundation and mutualnbsp;dependence, and are qualified for the defence and confirmation of thenbsp;gofpel ; but others of them have not perhaps a view of the fubjectnbsp;fufficiently accurate and enlarged to fit them for the office of teachers.nbsp;They underftand indeed the dodlrines of grace in the moft preciousnbsp;fenfe, by experimental conviólion j and having a general idea ofnbsp;them, may be very ufeful to the heathen by means of their con-verfation as well as their exemplary lives. But in every miffion^nbsp;however fmall, it is effential that there ffiould be fome whofenbsp;minds have acquired a maturity in divine things, and who arenbsp;fcribes well inftruéled in the kingdom of heaven. This it might benbsp;difficult for you to accomplilh, on the plan of eftablifiling a numbernbsp;of different fettlements.

If from thefe reafons, or others which may arife in your mind when you are amidft the fcene of adtion, you judge that thenbsp;caufe of Chrift among the heathen will be beft promoted by thenbsp;e ft abl fill ment of fewer miffions, we fhall receive great fat is fact ionnbsp;in finding that you are able to vifit more iHands, with a view tonbsp;the introdudlion of the gofpel among them at a future period. Bynbsp;means of fome of the Europeans now probably refiding at Otahcitc,nbsp;who may be difpofed to accompany you, your accfcfs to the un-derftandings of the iflanders will be facilitated; you will eafilynbsp;communicate to them the beneficial plan you are projecfting innbsp;their favour ; and you may afcertain how far a miffion to any ofnbsp;them may be advifable. This mode of procedure is highly défi rable, as it may throw a confiderable light upon our futurenbsp;path, and affift our judgment rcfpcóiing the defigns of Providence

xcvi INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

toTX’ard thefe iflands. It is the more to be recommended, on account of the great degree of probability there is of our revifiting them, foon after the fafe return of our veffcl from her prefent expedition ; as it is evident, that, with the affiftance of a freight homeward, the navigation to thofe feas may be hereafter undertaken atnbsp;little comparative expenfe, and thus opportunities be afforded of frequent intercourfe with them. Submitting thefe confiderations tonbsp;your attention, we now think it neceffary to offer you a few morenbsp;obfervations, derived from the beft information we can obtain, andnbsp;the beft judgment we can at prefent form on the fubjed : you willnbsp;adhere to them or not, as you may find it expedient when you arrive.

It is well known that Otaheite is the ifland on which the general expedlation has been fixed, as the place where our firft miffion is tonbsp;be attempted ; and we have no reafon to alter the opinion we at firftnbsp;entertained of the eligibility of this fpot : but as our objeót is to introduce the gofpel of Chrift among the heathen, all partialities ornbsp;predileófions to particular places muft be made fubfervient to that end.nbsp;We conceive you will vifit that ifland before any other, and younbsp;will doubtlefs have an early interview with the chiefs. It muft benbsp;left to your own difcretion how far you will then unfold to themnbsp;the occafion of your voyage. You will alfo probably foon be vi-fited by fome Europeans, and will moft likely find means to conciliate their confidence, without committing yourfelf to them anynbsp;further than you may deem prudent. All your difcriminationnbsp;may be requifite to fix on thofe among them who are beft fuitednbsp;to become your inftruments j from them you will learn the prefent ftate of this ifland, and perhaps of thofe adjacent, as to produce, population, difpofition of the natives, and political relations.nbsp;You will however be on your guard againft mifreprefentation,nbsp;and by comparing different reports find out the truth. You willnbsp;alfo guard againft treachery and furprife. You will be cautiousnbsp;whom you admit on board ; efpecially you will not allow the

3

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

females, except the wives of the chiefs, and only a few at a time. Neither would it be prudent to permit too many of the Englifh, ifnbsp;remainino- at Otaheite, to be on board at once. You will take annbsp;early opportunity of vifiting the fmaller peninfula, as it has beennbsp;reprefented by fome voyagers to be'the moft fertile, well cultivated,nbsp;and abounding with cotton and fugar-cane. Let the fliip run downnbsp;to the adjacent ifland of Eimeo, examine the harbours of Taloo andnbsp;Avoitai, converfe with the chiefs, learn the prefent ftate of that ifland,nbsp;and the difpofition of the inhabitants toward a fettlement of fomenbsp;of our brethren among them.

After you have afeertained to your fatisfaólion the kind of treatment which the. miffionaries are likely to experience at Otaheite,nbsp;you will be more capable of judging how to improve the remaindernbsp;of your voyage, than, we are at prefent. To affift you in the direction of your farther attempts, we recommend to your attentivenbsp;perufal the papers which have been committed to you, containing a defcription and hiftorical account of the iflands that are connectednbsp;with Otaheite, or included in the groups called the Friendly Iflandsnbsp;and the Marquefas. You will compare them on the grounds ofnbsp;immediate advantage and future profpeCts. To this fubjeCt belongs the confideration of the fafety of our women, probability ofnbsp;introducing our improvements, fupply of provifions, the produCts ofnbsp;the iflands in fugar, cotton, fandal-wood, amp;c. We are thus particular in fuggefting thefe obfervations to you, becaufe you are muchnbsp;better qualified than we can expeCl any of the miffionaries to be, tonbsp;decide on the moll eligible fpots for our fettlement j and it is a circum-ftance of fo much importance as to claim your utmoft attention. Younbsp;will doubtlefs on this fubjeCl hold very frequent communicationsnbsp;with the miffionaries, and efpecially with the committee, flating tonbsp;them the grounds on which you may prefer one fpot to another :•nbsp;as it would be peculiarly defirable to obtain, if poffible, a perfeClnbsp;unanimity of the whole body as to the place of fettlement ; and thenbsp;objections of thofe who may happen to think differently from your-

o

xcviü INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

felfjOr from the majority of their brethren, fhould be attentively heard and maturely confidered. It is, however, very difficult for fo manynbsp;perfons perfeólly to coincide on any fubjedt; and we therefore placenbsp;the power of decifion in a majority of the committee, provided thatnbsp;you, the prefident, form one of that majority. As we conclude that younbsp;poffefs a fuperior judgment on this fubjedt to any of them, it appearsnbsp;to us to be a regulation highly conducive to their good, that nonbsp;fettlement Ihould be made without your approbation. For the fakenbsp;lt;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;of relieving you from fome part of the refponfibility, we lodge in

the fame committee, and fubjedl to the fame rule, the power of deciding whether there ffiall be more miffions than one eftabliflred, and where the fubfequent ones fhall be attempted. To this committeenbsp;belongs alfo, under the fame reftridtion, the control over the articles,nbsp;implements, and utenfils, which make up the cargo of the Ihip ;nbsp;and they, with your concurrence, are to decide,‘when, where, andnbsp;in what proportions, thofe articles are to be landed. In cafe, however, of feveral miffions being attempted, for the fake of firidl andnbsp;impartial juftice we appoint, that two of the committee fhall be takennbsp;from thofe who remain at the firft fettlement, and two others fromnbsp;thofe who are intended to be detached to any other : yourfelf, beingnbsp;the prefidenf, and perfedtly difinterefted, will have the power ofnbsp;adminiftering juftice toward both. It is however intended, that anbsp;quantity of articles, fuitable for prefents to the chiefs of iflands whichnbsp;you may vifit in your way to Canton, fliould remain on board, andnbsp;you muft have the power of deciding what articles, and what quantitynbsp;of each, fhall be referved for that purpofe.

To a number of ferions Chriftians, who are, on all occafions, feeking divine direction, it will no doubt occur, that the determinationnbsp;of any queftion refpeóling attempts to extend the gofpel is of fuchnbsp;tranfeendant importance, as to require the moft folemn invocation ofnbsp;Him who heareth prayer, for the interpofition of his wifdom to guidenbsp;you in judgment. An unanimity, or nearly fo, of the whole body,nbsp;on queftions fo interefting, and which are to be decided after a

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.’ xdx folemn feafon of devotion appointed for that fpecial occafion, wouldnbsp;afford confiderable fatisfaélion to our minds, as a favourable intimation of the divine fuperintendence. 'nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

In negotiating with the chiefs, you will explain to them the advantages which will arife to them from our refidence among them j that it may be the happy effeót of. their earheft. defire, and not ofnbsp;our folicitation. As an inducement to us to prefer their ifland, theynbsp;muft give us a full title to the land we may have occafion for, guarantee to us the fafety of our property from plunder, the enjoymentnbsp;of our laws and cuftoms, and the undifturbed exercife of our religion.nbsp;Inftead of exciting the jealoufy of the chiefs by any importunity onnbsp;our parts to continue with them, it would be more prudent to fhewnbsp;a readinefs to leave the ifland, and fix upon fome other, that it maynbsp;be underftood by them, that our inducements to vifit them have notnbsp;been to receive advantages, but to confer them. On this principle,nbsp;as well as for other reafons, we recommend that the land fhould notnbsp;be purchafed, but required, as the condition of our remaining withnbsp;them ; and that the prefents we make fhould not be confidered asnbsp;payments, but as gratuities, the expreffions and pledges of our goodnbsp;will. If you fhould determine to make a fettlement at feveral iflands,nbsp;you and the committee will decide what' number, and which individuals, fhould rcfide at each. If this fliould be the. occafion of dif-putes which you cannot amicably terminate, we recommend yournbsp;appealing to the decifion of Divine Providence By a folemn andnbsp;religious ufe of the ancient inftitution of drawing lots.

We have now finiflaed the inftrutlions which appeared to us needful to communicate with refpeél to the miflion. The changesnbsp;which may have taken place in the ftate of the iflands fince the laftnbsp;accounts, may make it neceffary for you to depart from the advicenbsp;which we have now offered, and refort to expedients more congruousnbsp;to the circumftances before you, and better fitted to fecure the greatnbsp;objedl.

On your arrival at Canton, you will addrefs yourfclf to the fadory

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON.

of the India Company, and in all rcfpcdhs conform to the conditions of the charter, a copy of which you will take with you. You willnbsp;in particular obferve the neceflity of your being there by the monthnbsp;of December, or at lateft in the month of January 1798, that younbsp;may receive your cargo on board, and fail for Europe in the earlynbsp;part of the fpring. Thus wequot; fhall cherifli the hope of your fafenbsp;return foon after the fucceeding midfummer. In the mean time younbsp;will doubtlefs embrace whatever opportunities occur of writingnbsp;to us either from Rio de Janeiro, or by the firft Ihip which failsnbsp;from Canton; and let your difpatches be addreflcd to Mr. Jofephnbsp;Hardcaftle, of London.

We have now only to commend you to the all-fufficient care and protection of Him who holds the winds in his fift, and the watersnbsp;in the hollow of his hand. The throne of mercy will be addrelTednbsp;with unceafing fupplications in behalf of your fafety, and the fuc-cefs of your embafly. You are accompanied by the affeClionate efteemnbsp;of the excellent of the earth ; and miniftring fpirits, we truft, willnbsp;receive the welcome charge to convoy you in fafety to the place ofnbsp;your deftination. May they be glad fpeClators of the formationnbsp;of a Chriftian temple in thefe heathen lands, and thus be furnifhednbsp;with the fubjeCl of a new fong to Him that fitteth upon the throne,nbsp;and to the Lamb !nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Signed by order of the DireCIors,

John Love, Secretary,

FIRST

MISSIONARY VOYAGE,

amp;c.

CHAPTER I.

Introduction.—Appointment of MiJJionaries and Ship's Crew.

The difcoverles made in the great fouthern fea by the voyages undertaken at the command of his prefent majefty, George the Third, excited wonderful attention, and brought, as it were, into light anbsp;world till then almoft unknown. I Hands, it may be faid, innumerable, were found to cover the bofom of the Pacific Ocean in differentnbsp;groups ; fome of them extenfive, and many full of inhabitants,nbsp;who difcovered, by the fimilarity of their language and religion,nbsp;the fame original race ; though how they became difperfed overnbsp;three or four thoufand fquare miles, with no other vcfl'cl than anbsp;canoe, is truly marvellous. The preliminary account affords a clearnbsp;and concife view of former voyages. This intercourfe with Europeansnbsp;communicated fome advantages, but withal entailed upon them miferynbsp;and difeafes, to which before they had been utter ftrangers. Thenbsp;perufal of the accounts of thefe repeated voyages could not butnbsp;awaken, in fuchz countries as our own, various fpeculations, according as men were differently affected. The merchant confidered

B

s nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE

if they would afford any objeél of commerce ; the natural i ft eagerly explored the peculiar fubjeël of his refearches j and the aftronomernbsp;fought a ftation, from whence he might obferve the tranfit of Venusnbsp;over the fun, and deduce from thence ufeful improvement in thatnbsp;celeftial fcience. But when, as Mr. King obferves, thefe iflandsnbsp;were found to produce little which would excite the cupidity of ambition, or anfwer the fpeculations of the interefted, they were readynbsp;to be abandoned to their primitive oblivion, unlefs occafionally vifitednbsp;by a ftraggling fhip ; and after proving the fuperior advantages ofnbsp;our iron tools, and led to the total negleél of their own, their fitua-tion would have become ftill more deplorable than their original ftate.nbsp;The iron we bartered with them could not be replenifhed, nor repaired by them, and muft foon become ufelefs j they would havenbsp;loft the habit of uftng and making their former tools of bone andnbsp;ftone ; whilft the ravages of the difeafes which Europeans had probably communicated, threatened to fweep them from the earth withnbsp;the befom of deftrudtion. Refledlions on their unhappy fituationnbsp;had dropped from the pen of the humane, and pity had often fwellednbsp;the bofom of the compaffionate : a few felt for them, not only asnbsp;men, but as Chriftians, and wifhed fome mode could be devifed ofnbsp;communicating to them the knowledge of that ineftimable book,nbsp;compared with which all belide is pompous ignorance, and all thenbsp;treafures of the earth lighter on the balance than vanity itfelf. Thenbsp;objedl had lain on many a heart, and prayer had gone up on theirnbsp;behalf; a feeble effort was difappointed by the unfaithfulnefs ofnbsp;thofe defigned for the work.

Yet the idea was not wholly abandoned, though the profpedt of its accomplifhment was almoft defpaired of: a few of the faithful minifters of Chrift, affociated on another occafion, feemed, atnbsp;the fame time, to exprefs a faint wifh that fomething could benbsp;done for the heathen. On communicating their thoughts to othersnbsp;of their brethren, they found a cordial difpofition to co-operate ; andnbsp;the attempt at Sierra Leone, though inftituted with a particular view.

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

brought forth fome letters on miffions, fuggefting their praólicahility, and calling to the attempt. This coincidence of a rifing fpirit ofnbsp;miffionary purfuits, though in its lowed; embryo form, led to con-verfe on the fubjedl, and to confider how the work might be begun :nbsp;two or three individuals offered to open a fubfcription for the pur-pofe J and the active minifters who directed the Evangelical Magazine refolved to hazard an advertifement of their defign, and to invite the concurrence of their brethren. From thefe fmall beginningsnbsp;arofe the great increafe ; and the cloud, at firft no bigger than a man’snbsp;hand, diffufed itfelf over this land, and poured down its copiousnbsp;Ihowers of bleffings on the ifles of the fouthern ocean. A miffionarynbsp;fociety was in confequence formed in England, and zealoufly fecondednbsp;by our brethren in North Britain.

Their objeól was fimple and noble; “ to deliver mankind from thé “ greateft poffible portion of mifery which befets them, and to confernbsp;“ upon them the moft abundant meafure of felicity which our naturenbsp;“ is capable of enjoying.” They were confcious this could only benbsp;effelt;fted by the gofpel of the grace of God preached among all nations,nbsp;as far as their opportunities or abilities might extend. For this endnbsp;their meetings became frequent, and their plans matured for execution.

After a long and ferions confideration of the fubjed, they determined to commence with the iflands of the fouthern ocean, as thefe, ' for a long time paft, had excited peculiar attention. Their fituationnbsp;of mental ignorance and moral depravity ftrongly impreffed on ournbsp;minds the obligation we lay under to endeavour to call them fromnbsp;darknefs into marvellous light. The miferies and difeafes which theirnbsp;intercourfe with Europeans had occafioned, feemed to upbraid ournbsp;negleél of repairing, if poffible, thefe injuries ; but above all, wenbsp;longed to fend to them the everlafting gofpel, the firft and moft dif-tinguilhed of bleffings which Jehovah has beftowed on the childrennbsp;of men.

FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE

We were fenfible fome could not underRand our motives, and others would fufpeél or mifinterpret them j but confcious of thenbsp;fimplicity and godly fincerity which prompted us to the undertaking,nbsp;we perfevered undifmayed with difficulties, and, through the goodnbsp;hand of our God over us for good, have fucceeded beyond our moftnbsp;fanguine expeélations.

The various Reps in which we have proceeded are now before the public, and fubmitted to the attention of thofe who would meditatenbsp;on the wondrous maze of Providence, and contemplate the greatnbsp;events that fpring from means apparently the moR inconfiderable.

On notifying our intentions to the public, we met a fpirit of zeal and liberality highly encouraging j applications manifold werenbsp;poured in of candidates for the miffion, with fubfcriptions adequatenbsp;to the undertaking. None but men the moR feleél for piety were tonbsp;be admitted. We were defirous to obtain fome pofleffed of literarynbsp;attainments, but efpecially to procure adepts in Rich ufeful arts andnbsp;occupations as would make us moR acceptable to the heathen in thatnbsp;Rate of inferior civilization to which they were advanced. A feledlnbsp;committee of miniRers, approved for evangelical principles andnbsp;ability, was appointed to examine the candidates, as to their views,nbsp;capacity, and knowledge in the myReries* of godlinefs. Many werenbsp;rejeéled, and only thofe receiv'ed, who, after repeated and careful attention to the fubjedt, by inquiries into their conduót and character,nbsp;had the RrongeR recommendations from the miniRers and congregations with whom they had been joined in communion, and of whofenbsp;intelligence and dcvotcdnefs to the work we had the fulleR evidence.nbsp;Thirty men, fix women, and three children, were approved, and.nbsp;prefented to the direótors for the commencement of the miffion.

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

We wi-flied our fclcction of mariners fliould be equally choice, and laboured to procure fuch, and were not a little fuccefsful in thisnbsp;behalf. Captain Wilfon and the firft mate, his nephew, were per-fons in every view equal to the undertaking, and as hearty in the ,nbsp;work as the miffionaries themfelves. Many of the failors were mennbsp;of a like mind ,• about half were communicants ; and every man wasnbsp;eager to beg admittance with us, under the profeffion of wifhing tonbsp;be inftrumental in'foblefled a fervice, and the hope that he ihouldnbsp;gain benefit and edification to his own foul.

During the firfl: fix weeks that they were detained in harbour, one of our body, who continued with them daily, and often minifterednbsp;unto them, declares he never heard the name of God blafphemed, a

4

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

paffionate word fpoken, or faw an unbecoming aólion in any one of the mariners, many of whom joined in the exercifes of prayer and praifenbsp;with the moft cordial devotion, and none who were not on duty evernbsp;abfented themfelves from the Hated hours of worfhip. Surrounded asnbsp;we were by king’s Ihips in the harbour, and often increafed on thenbsp;quarter-deck by numerous vifitants, this excited no fmall meafure ofnbsp;furprife and wonder at its novelty. The fongs of Zion were daily heardnbsp;over the deep.—The real Chriftian in every fituation of life pofl'cffcs peculiar excellence ; his religion will never interrupt the difcharge of hisnbsp;duties in fociety ; none will be found fo confcientioufly diligent; diyinenbsp;principle will do more than the moft rigid difcipline. We appeal tonbsp;fads that muft carry conviction to every candid and unprejudicednbsp;mind.

The preparations being completed, and all the ftores on board, a fo-lemn defignation of the miftionaries to their office was made, and the evening preceding the embarkation the diredors met the miftionaries,nbsp;and celebrated their laft happy communion together, in the fulleftnbsp;confidence of ftiortly meeting again in the prefence of God and of thenbsp;Lamb, and enjoying eternal fellowfhip with Jefus the mediator,nbsp;and the fpirits of all juft men made perfed.

The profecution of our voyage for the accomplifhment of the benevolent and evangelical purpofes of our fociety will be found to contain a variety of events, interefting to the navigator, the naturalift, and the politician; but above all, will engage the peculiar attentionnbsp;of thofe who glory in the name of Chriftian, and long to fee, whatnbsp;they fully exped, the coming of the kingdom of the Lord, and ofnbsp;his Chrift, when “ the mountain of the Lord’s houfe fliall be efta-“ blilhed in the top of the mountains, and the nations ftiall ftownbsp;“ unto it.”—The cry of the univerfal church is, that “ the Lordnbsp;“ would haften it in his time !”

8 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1796.

CHAPTER II.

'Embarkation.—Departure from the River.—Stay at Portfmouth.

The preparations being completed, and the miflionaries ready for embarkation, the diredors of the fociety were very anxious for thenbsp;Duff’s failing with the Eaft India convoy, which, at this time, laynbsp;at Spithead, waiting for a fair wind. They embarked in fight ofnbsp;many fpeâators, and accompanied by relations, acquaintances, andnbsp;feveral of the diredtors, to whom, as refiding in London, had beennbsp;committed the care of the outfit of the miffion. xAuguft the loth,nbsp;1796, at fix in the morning, we weighed anchor, and hoiftcd ournbsp;miflionary flag at the mizen top-gallant-mafl: head : three doves argent, on a purple field, bearing olive-branches in their bills. Thenbsp;morning was ferene, and a gentle breeze blew from the W. N. W. ;nbsp;few veflels were ftirring on the river ; all was ff ill and quiet j andnbsp;it feemed a favourable feafon for pleafing contemplation to thofenbsp;whofe hearts, warmed with benevolence to their fellow men, and ardour for the extenfion of the Redeemer’s kingdom, had long earneftlynbsp;defired to fee a profpeél' fo promifing as this their firfl; attempt nownbsp;afforded. With fatisfadlion they beheld thofe, who at a future period were to adt alone in the caufe, not difpirited at leaving theirnbsp;native country and friends, nor with the thought of what lay beforenbsp;them, but, on the contrary, refigning themfelves into the handsnbsp;of Him whom they firmly believed able to carry all his purpofes intonbsp;effedf. The hymn, “ Jefus, at thy command—we launch into thenbsp;“ deep,” amp;c. was fung by upwards of an hundred voices, producingnbsp;a pleafing and folemn fenfation. The failors in the fhips we palfednbsp;heard with filent aftonifhment, and our friends, who lined the banksnbsp;of the river, waved their hands, and bid us a lafl: adieu.

2

August.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

The fpirit which animated the brethren for this undertaking will be beft felt by a fhort extraft or two from their journals, all whichnbsp;•fpeak the fame language.

One fays, “ When taking a profpeftive view of the great work “ before us, my fold was conftrained to cry out. Who is fufficientnbsp;“ for thefe things? But I was enabled to derive comfort and en-“ couragement from the confidence, that He who holdeth the windsnbsp;“ in his fift, and the waters in the hollow of his hand, can pre-“ ferve from every evil. To his providential care I was enabled tonbsp;“ furrender myfelf ; determined, through his Divine aftiftance, tonbsp;“ be devoted to the work of preaching the gofpel of Chrift to thenbsp;“ poor benighted inhabitants of the iftands of our deftination.”

Another writes, “ I felt deeply when leaving my native country “ and dear friends, whom I loved as my life; but loving the Givernbsp;“ of life, I truft, more than all, I went with tears of joy.’*

At Woolwich a vaft concourfe of people had colledted on the fhore to falute us as we paffed. The breeze freftiening, we arrived atnbsp;Gravefend before noon, and employed the remainder of the day innbsp;clearing the decks, which were in a very lumbered condition, fromnbsp;the eagernefs of a multitude of kind individuals from the neighbouring towns, who, wiftiing to contribute to the comfort of thenbsp;miftionaries, came on board, bringing various articlés of refrefhment,nbsp;and entreating they might be received, till every part of the ftiip wasnbsp;crowded to a very great degree. The miftionaries’ chefts and hammocks were alfo to be arranged and flung, to prepare for pafting thenbsp;firft night of their novel fituation between the decks with as littlenbsp;inconvenience as pofTible. The Rev. Dr. Haweis, the Rev. Mr. Wilks,nbsp;and the Rev. Mr, Brookfbank, direâors of the fociety, had come onnbsp;board at Blackwall ; the two latter defigning to go down the Channel with their brethren to Portfmouth, and the former to remainnbsp;with them till they fhould leave England. Captain Wilfon, Mr.nbsp;Hardcaftle, and Mr. Fenn, came on board from London, and fettled with the crew for their river pay and their bounty. The articlesnbsp;c

[1796. were agreed to and figned, and the Ihip cleared at the cuftom-hoiife.

11 th. A freîh gale fpringing up from the S.E. we juftly apprehended the Eaft-India fleet would fail ; but as they are often by various caufes detained, we ftill refolved to pufli on with all pofliblenbsp;expedition, and after a day of great aftivity in fettling all matters, asnbsp;conveniently as the time would afford, for our proceeding to fea, atnbsp;feven in the evening we weighed anchor, and turned down into the

Avgust.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;n

lower Hope. Mr. Henry Cox now took an afFecTionate leave, and left us to purfue our voyage. To this gentleman’s ability and unwearied diligence we muft ever acknowledge ourfelves indebted, bothnbsp;in forwarding our departure, by removing many great difficulties,nbsp;and by his care to provide all things comfortable for thofe who hadnbsp;to perform fo long a voyage.

12,th., At eight A.M. we weighed from the Hope Point with a freffi gale at E.S.E, In plying down we were met by fome kindnbsp;friends from Sheernefs, bringing with them three ffieep, one hog,nbsp;and fome fowls for fea flock. At two P. M. anchored on Leigh flat ;nbsp;at nine got under weigh, and at midnight came to a little below,thenbsp;Nore. This day the diredors on board, the Rev. Dr. Haweis,nbsp;Mr. Wilks, and Mr. Brookfbank, afl’embled the miffionaries, andnbsp;direóled them to eleól by ballot four perfons, to conftitute a committee,nbsp;agreeably to the printed inftruélions of the body of direélors. Theynbsp;returned, as the refult of their proceedings, the following names,nbsp;viz. Rev. James Cover, John Eyre, John Jefferfon, and Thomasnbsp;Lewis, who were confequently admitted to that office by thenbsp;direélors.

Mr. Wilfon, as chief mate, being confidered as prefldent in the abfence of Captain Wilfon, who was to join us at Portfmouth, thenbsp;committee proceeded to eftablilh the following regulations, viz.

Refolved, That the Rev. John Jefferfon fhould be confldered as the miffionaries’ fecretary, and William Smith his affiftant.

Refolved, That the Rev. Thomas Lewis fliould take upon him the office of'librarian, and William Smith be his affiiftant.

Refolved, That John A. Gillham, furgeon, ffiould be refponfible for the medical books and inftruments ; but every miffionary may equallynbsp;claim to read them under the library regulations.

Refolved, That John Harris fliould take upon him the office of miffionaries’ Reward, and diftribute the provifions, as delivered to himnbsp;by the fliip’s Reward, to the different mefles.

C 3

12 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1796.

Refolved, That each mcfs Ihall receive the articles and quantities as under :

Tea, one pound per month each mefs for the men, one pound and a quarter for the women.

Sugar, two pounds per week each mefs.

Butter, one pound and a half per week each mefs.

Cheefe, four pounds per week each mefs.

13th. Wind N.E. a light breeze. At four A.M. weighed, and ran through the Five Fathom channel. Faffing through the Downsnbsp;we received the unpleafant information that the fleet had failed fromnbsp;St. Helen’s. At one P.M. we rounded the South Foreland, andnbsp;during the reft of the day had little wind.

14th. Calms and breezes from the weflward alternately, fo that we made but little ivay. It being fabbath-day, the Rev. Dr. Haweisnbsp;preached in the morning, the Rev. Mr. Brookfbank in the afternoon,nbsp;and the Rev. Mr. Wilks in the evening, on the quarter-deck.

15th. Calm until fix in the evening, when a breeze fprung up at N.E. Beachy Head bearing N.W.by W. About nine P.M.nbsp;one of his Majefty’s floops of war hailed and informed us that anbsp;French lugger was cruifing fomewhere near j bid us keep a good lookout, and hoifi; a light if we difeovered her, whilft they ran in nearernbsp;the ffiore. Happily we efcaped all attack of the enemy.

16th. At eight A.M. anchored at Spithead. The Eaft-India fleet had failed five days before our arrival. In paffing St. Helen’snbsp;a fquadron under the command of Admiral Gardner was juft puttingnbsp;to fea, and in company with them we probably might have gonenbsp;fafe from the enemy} but in a matter fo important we could not haftilynbsp;form the refolution : for, uncertain how far they would go in ournbsp;track, if obliged to feparate from them too foon we ffiould run thenbsp;rilk of being captured j and not to hazard fo favourable a beginning,nbsp;was thought a fufficient reafon for us to wait a better opportunity ofnbsp;convoy.

August.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;13

At Spithead we were vifited immediately by the Rev. Mr.. Griffin, of Portfea, and other friends of the miffion, who ffitwed us all thenbsp;moll fraternal affedtion, and furnifhed us during our flay with thenbsp;moft generous fupplies. The Rev. Mr. Eyre, of Homerton, andnbsp;others from town, came alfo on board. Captain Wilfon arrived andnbsp;took the command.

17th. Mrs. Hudden being affedled by the fea, as mofl of us had been at firll, fell into fuch a dejedlion of mind as engaged us ta fendnbsp;her on fhore at her requefl ; her hufband went with her, thoughnbsp;reludtantly ; a man of a meek and quiet fpirit,. and might have beennbsp;a ufeful member of our community gt; but the diredfors thought it bynbsp;no means right to feparate man and wife.

Our anxious inquiries after the next convoy led us to the portadmiral ; and Dr. Haweis, with Mr. William Wilfon, by his direction, went on board the Adamant, Captain Warre, who received us with politenefs, and informed us he ffiould fhortly fail with a convoynbsp;for Lilbon and Gibraltar, and would readily take us under his pro-tedlion. With this the diredtors were acquainted, and ordered us tonbsp;wait the opportunity.

But the delay began to weary our patience : we all longed for the day of our departure ; and though entertained with the moft cordialnbsp;welcome by the brethren at Portfmouth and Gofport, we waited thenbsp;ftgnal from the Adamant with eager defire.

Yet the ftay was not unprofitable j the fame gracious Hand which condudled us thither gave us caufe to acknowledge his loving-kindnefs ; fome good, we hope, refulted from the preaching ofnbsp;many of the diredlors and other brethren who vifited the fhip, andnbsp;from the miffionaries at Portfea, Gofport, and its vicinity. Afpacenbsp;was given to thofe who, if they had felt any change of mind, mightnbsp;have departed from the work j but all became more confirmed andnbsp;united.

An ingenious clergyman of Portfmouth kindly furniffied Dr. Haweis and Mr. Greatheed with a manufeript vocabulary of the

[1796.

Otaheitean language, and an account of the country, which providentially he had preferved from the mutineers who were feized hy the Pandora, and brought to Portfmouth for their trial, which wasnbsp;of unfpeakable fervice to the miffionaries, both for the help whichnbsp;it afforded them to learn before their arrival much of this unknownnbsp;tongue, and alfo as giving the moft inviting and encouraging de-. fcription of the natives, and the cordial reception which they, mightnbsp;expcdl.

Here alfo were depofited in peace the remains of Mr. Cover’s little boy, who, in the laft ftage of a confumption, earncftly wifhed tonbsp;accompany his parents, though it was evident to every intelligentnbsp;medical man that he could have but a few days to live, and wasnbsp;' ' happily releafe’d before their departure.

A multitude of friends alfo had this opportunity of teftifying their regard for the miflion, and furniflied us with many things that, innbsp;our hafte to depart, had been forgotten, or, during our ftay here,nbsp;been thought of, for the comfort of the voyage.

The miffionaries, during this delay, had, according to the regulations eftabliflied, conftantly exercifed themfelves on board in rotation, in preaching, prayer, and praife, which many attended j they employed themfelves in reading and writing, efpecially refpedingnbsp;the objeéts of their miffion ; and in one of their affemblies agreednbsp;to tranfmit to the body of the diredlors the following addrefs :

“ Brethren,

“ We, the miffionaries, whom you, under the influences of our “ common Saviour, Lord, and Mafter, Jefus Chrift, the only be-“ gotten Son of the eternal Jehovah, have been inftrumental innbsp;“ bringing together, uniting in one body, and every way fur-“ nifhing with all temporal neceflaries for the arduous undertakingnbsp;“ we have in hand, cannot bid adieu to our native country, andnbsp;“ dear brethren in Chrift, without laying before the directorsnbsp;“ of the fociety (with the defire the fame may be communicated to

Avgust.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

“ all whom it may concern) our views and feelings upon our pro “ fent fituation and future profpeóts.

“ Having, through grace, overcome the difagreeablenefs which “ we at firft experienced on our embarkation, arifing from our littlenbsp;“ acquaintance with each other, change in our habitation, and mannernbsp;“ of living, we find our minds compofed and refigned, and ournbsp;“ hearts more clofely united to each other in the bonds of love.

“ On looking forward to the length of our voyage, and delibe-“ rating on all the dangers and difficulties which thofe who traverfe “ the bofom of the mighty deep are expofed to, and frequently meetnbsp;“ with, we are by no means difcouraged; but can cheerfully givenbsp;“ ourfelves up unto Him, who holdeth the winds in his fift, andnbsp;“ the waters in the hollow of his hand.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;i

“ When we extend our view acrofs the great Atlantic ocean, and “ contemplate the more extenfive Southern fea; when, in our ima-“ gination, we conceive ourfelves landed on our deftined iHands,-“ furrounded by multitudes of the inhabitants, earneftly inquiring,nbsp;“ ‘ From whence do you come.? and what is your errand?’ wenbsp;“ anfwer, ‘ From a difiant fhore : the friends of God and humannbsp;“ kind; touched with compaffion at your unhappy fiate, as re-“ prefented by our countrymen who formerly have vifited you jnbsp;“ moved by the Spirit of our God, we have forfaken relatives andnbsp;“ friends, braved fiorms and tempefts, to teach you the know-“ ledge of Jefus, whom to know is eternal life.’ Though Satannbsp;“ and all the hofi; of hell fliould be flung with indignation and rc-“ fentment at our boldnefs in ths Lord, and fire the hearts of theirnbsp;“ deluded votaries with all the fury and madnefs which brutal igno-“ rance and favage cruelty are capable of; though our God, innbsp;“ whofe name we go—our Saviour, by whofe rich grace we arenbsp;“ redeemed, fhould deliver us up to their rage, and permit our bodiesnbsp;“ to be afflióted, yea, perfecuted unto death; yet, trufling in thenbsp;“ faithfulnefs of the Mofl High, the goodnefs of our caufe, thenbsp;“ uprightnefs of our intentions, the; fervency of our affeélion for

[1796.

“ Chrift our head, and the clcd of God, our hearts remain un-“ daunted; and being, by Divine mercy, enlifted under the banner “ of the great Captain of falvation, we are délirons to be ‘ ac-“ counted worthy to fulfer for his fake,’ and to endure hardfliipnbsp;“ as becometh good foldiers of Chrift.

“ Such, honoured brethren, and fathers in Chrift, are our prefent “ feelings ; which we hope, through your united prayers, and thenbsp;“ fupply of the Spirit of Jefus Chrift, our Lord and your Lord, ournbsp;“ God and your God, we ftiall never, never lofe.

” To you, and all who have contributed towards our going forth, “ we render unfeigned thanks ; and our prayers are, that the Moftnbsp;“ High God may grant you occafion to rejoice in Jefus Chrift onnbsp;“ our behalf; to whofe grace we humbly and heartily commendnbsp;“ you, moft refpedlfully and aftcdlionately bidding you—Farewell!

“ By order of the miftionaries,

” John Jefferson, Secretary.

“ On board the Duff, at Spithead,

“ the 29th of Auguft 1796.”

After waiting with fome impatience for our departure, the convoy having been detained by delays unknown to us, and,nbsp;when affembled, by contrary winds, at laft the welcome lignainbsp;was made September loth : at nine A. M. the commodore andnbsp;fleet began to weigh, and by ten were all under fail ; we alone werenbsp;ftill at anchor, detained by one of our miftionaries. Early in thenbsp;morning a boat had been difpatched on ftiore for the time-keeper, andnbsp;to bring off Mr. John Harris, the abfent perfon ; but after waitingnbsp;a conliderable time in vain, the officer was obliged to return withoutnbsp;him. We then immediately proceeded after the fleet, which wasnbsp;fleering for the Needles ; but by the time we had reached Cowesnbsp;the fine S. E. gale failed us, and veering to the weft ward, the lignainbsp;was made to return ; when we came to in our former fituation.nbsp;Monkton fort bearing N. by E. Mr. Harris now came on board ;nbsp;he had been on a vifit to Southampton, and having heard the fleet

Sept.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;S’]

were failing, hired a boat and followed us ; but it is probable, had the breeze continued, that he .would have been left behind.

We had now anchored, as it proved, for thirteen days more ; in which time, and during the whole of our detention, we receivednbsp;the moft obliging and unrenîitting kindneffes from the inhabitantsnbsp;of Portfea, Gofport, Southampton, and other places ; nor werenbsp;we negledled by our friends in London, many of whom camenbsp;purpofely to vifit us, and thought themfelves amply repaid by wit-nefling the univerfal harmony which prevailed in the fhip : for,nbsp;though the miflionaries were moftly ftrangers to each other, theirnbsp;behaviour was fuch as gave reafon to hope they would enjoy thatnbsp;peace and cordial good-will among themfelves, fo elTentially neceffarynbsp;to promote fuccefs in the great work in which they were jointlynbsp;engaged. At laft the wiflied-for hour of departure arrived j thenbsp;lignai was made by the Adamant to drop down to St. Helen’s. Nothing could exceed the beauty of the feene j the day was remarkably fine ; the convoy moving on different tacks with their canvafsnbsp;fpread, and pafling the various fhips of war at anchor in the harbour. This being a ftate holiday, the forts and men of war begannbsp;their ufual falutes whilfl: the convoy was under fail, which tendednbsp;greatly to heighten the grandeur of the feene. On the turn of thenbsp;tide they all caft anchor, and waited for their final departure in thenbsp;morning.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

The Rev. Dr. Haweis had been daily on board, had often preached to us, and lately celebrated a fweet and bleffed communion with thenbsp;mifiionaries and mariners ; he now took his forrowful, though joyfulnbsp;leave of us, with an addrefs from Hebrews, iii. i.: his heart appeared to be full, yea overflowing with love ; while we parted withnbsp;many tears, probably to meet no more till we fliould be re-aflemblednbsp;around the throne of God and of the Lamb,

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CHAPTER in.

Voyage from Portfmouth to St.Jago, and Occurrences there.

We now took our final departure from Portfmouth, and launched forth on the great deep. The fignal for failing being given, thenbsp;mifiionaries came on deck, and every countenance feemed elated withnbsp;joy at the thought of foon being employed in the great work.

At five A. M. the commodore and the fleet, confiding of fifty-feven fail of tranfports and Portugal traders, were under way, the Fly floop of war bringing up the rear. At noon we were all in anbsp;fair way without the Ifle of Wight j wind easterly, thermometer 57,nbsp;the air cold.

25th. Proceeding with a fine gale, by eight o’clock on Sunday morning we were off Falmouth, when the commodore made thenbsp;fignal for the fleet to lie by. A boat from St. Maw’s coming along-fide, we difpatched letters to our friends of our fafety and health.nbsp;About noon a frigate came out of the harbour and joined us j thenbsp;Fly floop at the fame time hauled her wind to the eaftward ; thenbsp;commodore then made fail, and at fix P. M. the Land’s End borenbsp;north, diffant five leagues. This was the laft fight of Old Englandnbsp;that many onboard were ever to have, and they, no doubt, felt muchnbsp;on the occafion, though fenfible it was not for thofe who had partednbsp;with country and friends, and taken up the crofs, to look behind :nbsp;indeed, every man feemed fully fatisfied with his deftination.

26th. Frefli gales from the N. E. quarter, accompanied with rain, and a large eafterly fwell, which caufing the fliip to roll, moft of thenbsp;brethren experienced the fea-ficknefs feverelyj but remained, not-withftanding, unfliaken in their defire to go on, bearing with Chrif.

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

tian fortitude what they knew to be the general attendant on all new travellers by fea. At noon we fell in with an Englifli frigate and anbsp;two-decker cruifing, one of which fpoke our commodore. In croflingnbsp;the Bay of Bifcay we had favourable winds, and being with thenbsp;fleet, it afforded us an opportunity of feeing, by comparifon withnbsp;the convoy, how fine a fhip we had got to perform our long voyage;nbsp;for while others were crowding all 1’ail, we could go a-head undernbsp;our top fails, the men of war carrying the fame fail. This encouraged a hope alfo, that in cafe of being chafed by an enemy,nbsp;there might be a probability of effecting our efeape by means ofnbsp;failing.

On the 29th our fca-fick miflionaries who were recovering, devoted part of the day to learning the Otaheitean language and other ufefulnbsp;ftudies. A hawk, this day, relied on our rigging, and was caught: anbsp;miflionary remarked, “ So might my poor foul, wandering fromnbsp;“ its true home, be loft, if not gracioufly prevented by Divinenbsp;“ mercy.”

On the 30th, being in latitude 44° 50' N. long. 11° i-y' W. the commodore made the fignal for the headmoft flrips to lie by; thenbsp;wind at the time blowing fair for us, the captain thought we mightnbsp;venture to make the beft of our way, efpecially as the greateft dangernbsp;was now over, and we could go but little farther without deviatingnbsp;widely from our courfe: hoifting our enfign, therefore, to fignifynbsp;our intention, we were anfwered by the commodore, and makingnbsp;all fail, were followed by a South-Sea whaler and two other velTels.

The fleet foon difappeared, and the miflionaries held a particular meeting of prayer and thankfgiving ; praifing God for paft mercies,nbsp;and confidering themfelves now deprived of human prote«ftion, theynbsp;gave themfelves up into the hands of the Lord, and committed them-lelves to his keeping and care, who hath promifed, ‘ ‘ when ye pafsnbsp;“ through the waters I will be with you.”

Odlober ift. The wind continued at N. E. and we failed before it with a pleafant breeze, about fix knots an hour.—How gracious isnbsp;D a

[1796. God in favouring us with fuch wind and weather ! we want nothingnbsp;but noore gratitude and love.

2d. This being the Lord’s day, Mr. Jefferfon preached in the morninor, and with his other brethren adminiftered the communionnbsp;to the captain, miffionaries, and feamen. Surrounded now only withnbsp;fea and Iky, we feemed to have taken our departure from the abodesnbsp;of the living, to be nearer the prefence of our heavenly Father; andnbsp;drinking out of the ever-flowing fprings of his love, fpent the daynbsp;in prayer and praife.

3d. The miffionaries in turn kept up the evening and morning devotions, and through the day employed themfelves in ftudy, ornbsp;thofe occupations they could purfue. The women and children borenbsp;the voyage amazingly well ; except a little fea-ficknefs, all was perfectly pleating, and not a complaint to be heard. We faw a largenbsp;fhip, and took care to pafs to windward of her, left fhe ftiouldnbsp;prove an enemy ; but the difplay of the American flag freed us fromnbsp;that apprehenfion.

On the 6th a beautiful fun-rifing : we faw the ifland of Madeira, which fliows high, and may be feen in clear weather when diftantnbsp;feventeen or eighteen leagues. This ifland, lying in the neighbourhood of Europe, and famous all over the world for its wines, isnbsp;largely defcribed by different authors j therefore, had we even opportunity of making obfervations of our own, to infert them herenbsp;would be unneceffary.

Mr. Cover and Mrs. Eyre were ftill affiCled with fea-ficknefsall the reft were in perfect health. We paffed Madeira, intending tonbsp;touch at St, Jago, the principal of the Cape de Verd iflands, there tonbsp;replenifh our water, and procure what refreihments the place couldnbsp;fpeedily fupply.

The night of the 6th and the following day we had unfettled, fqually weather, the wind veering from N.E. to S.E. and frequentnbsp;heavy Ihowers of rain, with which we filled fome of our watercalks. On the 8th we came in fight of Palma, one of the Canary

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ai

jflands. On the lOth, in lat. 23° N. we faw a flrange fail in the S. E. quarter; fhe fired a gun to leeward, to fignify fhe was a friend;nbsp;we did the fame : but as we drew nearer to her they took the alarm,nbsp;and crowding what'fail they could, fleered from us. Diflance runnbsp;this lafl twenty-four hours one hundred and eighty-five miles.—nbsp;nth, croffed the tropic of Cancer, and had feveral flying-fifh aboutnbsp;us ; thefe were a novel fight to many on board, and excited muchnbsp;furprife and admiration.

12th. This day had been previoufly appointed for folemn humiliation and falling, begging God to prepare us for our Work, and forgive whatever his pure eyes had beheld amifs among us. Mr. Lewis preached in the morning, Mr. Eyre in the evening ; the wholenbsp;day was fpent in devotion by the miffionaries, and proved a feafon ofnbsp;mercy and refrefhing from the prefence of the Lord. Proceeding faftnbsp;to the fouthward, on the 13th, about nine A. M. we faw Sal, whichnbsp;is the northernmofl of the Cape de Verd ifles ; it has a fun-burntnbsp;appearance, infomuch that, as we failed along to the call ward, aboutnbsp;three miles off fhore, there was not a tree or green fpot to be feen.nbsp;At four P. M. Bona Vifla came in fight; it is hilly, and might benbsp;feen feven or eight leagues off, but for a thin white haze which isnbsp;common to all thefe iflands, and has the effedt, that when you thinknbsp;the weather clear, you cannot fee the land till within two or threenbsp;leagues of it. This ifland has a good harbour on its weft fide, where,nbsp;as we failed along, we faw fome veffels at anchor. At eight in thenbsp;evening we took a departure from the S.W. end of Bona Villa, bearing at that time E. S. E. fix miles : then, after running S. S.W. j W.nbsp;thirty-five miles, juft as the day dawned we faw the ifle of Mayo,nbsp;and right a-head, diftant a mile or two, the dangerous rocks whichnbsp;lie off its north end.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. . -

14th. The fea broke upon them with great violence ; had we kept running on, wefhould juft have hit them; but a coinfe S.by W. jW.nbsp;from the weft fide of Bona Villa, will take a Ihip near to the eaftnbsp;fide of Mayo, and lead clear of this laft danger. Two Ihips', one

FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE

brig, and a fchooncr, were lying in Mayo road, probably for cargoes of fait, abundance of which is yearly Iliipped from thefe iflands.

With plcafant weather, all fails fet, and a fine fair wind, by eleven A. M. we lofl fight of Mayo, owing to the before-mentioned hazynbsp;atmofphere, for we were at no great diftance from it ; at the famenbsp;time we could difcern St. Jago off the deck. At one P. M. paifednbsp;the S. E. point, and half an hour after tacked clofe to Green ifland;nbsp;then made two Ihort taçks, and came to with the fmall bower innbsp;eight fathoms, the fouth end of Green ifland bearing W.S.W. i W.nbsp;and the peaked mountain open about two fails breadth to the eafiwardnbsp;of the fiag-ftalf on the fort.

Thus have we fafely reached the firfl; port for refrefhment, after a voyage perfedlly pleafant, and juft three weeks fince we left St. Helen’s. The Lord has ftiewn us great favour indeed j the wind hathnbsp;been fo fair, and the weather fo good, that divine fervice hath beennbsp;regularly and daily,conducted without the leaft interruption.—Hownbsp;great are his mercies ! Such poor frefli-water failors as we were, needednbsp;thefe gracious commencements, to prepare us for the vaft fpace whichnbsp;yet remained.

As foon as the fails were furled the captain fent the firft mate with his refpedls to the governor, to requeft leave of him to water andnbsp;purchafe refreihments, which he very politely and readily granted.nbsp;The chief governor refides at St. Jago town inland, and the gentleman at Port Praya was his deputy. Refpedling live ftock, vegetables, amp;c. he faid that none could be purchafed this evening ; butnbsp;as the news would quickly fpread that a Ihip had arrived in thenbsp;port, to-morrow early the natives would refort within the walls ofnbsp;the fort, where the market is ufually held j and as each brings a partnbsp;of what he poIfelTes, there is generally colledled whatever the iflandnbsp;affords. This being the cafe, we could only go on with our watering, which is here attended with much trouble, having to roll thenbsp;calks a quarter of a mile over a hot foft fand, and take them offnbsp;through a heavy furf : bcfides, the water, after it is got, is brackifh.

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;zj

That for the life of the fort is brought on afles or camels from X. diftance of three or four miles.

The deputy-governor had long laboured under a dangerous complaint, and though for fome time paft in a 'way of recovering, yet for want of advice and medicines was apprehenfive of a relapfe.nbsp;Dr. Gillham being on fhore, the cafe was made known, and his opinion and advice agreeing with what had been told the governor beforenbsp;by a furgeon of an Indiaman, gained confidence, and the do óf or’snbsp;fervices were gladly accepted, who prefcribed for the governor andnbsp;bis lady, who was alfo indifpofed; and hevifited fome poor fick natives. Their difeafes he chiefly found to be intermittents, difeafesnbsp;of the liver, and anafarca. He reports the place as very unhealthy,nbsp;yet was informed of a perfon one hundred and ten years old.

15th. At daylight the pinnace was detached for another turn of wattr, fome of the miflionaries voluntarily lending their afliftance.nbsp;On her return the ftiip’s fteward was fent to trade for live ftock, amp;c. jnbsp;a few of the miflionaries accompanied him to procure what things theynbsp;wanted for their own ufe : old clothes they found to be a ftaple article : however, we were in a meafure difappointed, for the marketnbsp;was not as well furnifhed as we expcótccl, owing, as the fort alleged,nbsp;to but few of the country people being yet apprifed of our arrival ;nbsp;therefore all we got for the cabin was, one turkey, five fowls, fivenbsp;pigs, a quantity of oranges, and a quarter of a cafk of Madeiranbsp;wine for the ufe of the miflionaries, which we procured from thenbsp;captain of an American brig that lay in the port. While we werenbsp;on fhore the governor treated us with the greateft refpeót and kind-nefs, and had Dr. Gillham, myfclf, and two of the brethren, to dinenbsp;with him. In return for his civility. Captain Wilfon fent him a.nbsp;cheefe and fome tea and fugar, articles which he flood in need of, thenbsp;regular fupplies from Lilbon having not arrived, though pafl thenbsp;ufual time. Our water being completed, at five P. M. a gun wasnbsp;fired from the fhip, a fignal for thofe who were on fhore to repairnbsp;on board J hoifled the boats in, got under wayand by feven o’clock

[1796. were clear of the harbour : thermometer 77°, very fultry. St. Jago isnbsp;the moft fruitful and the heft inhabited of all the Cape de Verdnbsp;iflands, notwithstanding it is very mountainous, and has in it a greatnbsp;deal of barren land. The principal town is named after the ill and,nbsp;and is fituated in 15° N, lat, -, it hands againft the fide of twonbsp;mountains, between which there is a deep valley two hundred yardsnbsp;wide, that runs within a fmall fpace of the fea. In that part of thenbsp;valley next the fea is a ft niggling ftreet with houfes on each fide, andnbsp;•a rivulet of water in the bottom, emptying itfelf into a fine cove, ornbsp;fandy bay, where the fea is generally very fmooth, fo that fhips ridenbsp;there with great fafety. A fmall fort is eredted near the landingplace of this bay, where a guard is conftantly kept, and near it is anbsp;battery mounted with a few fiïiall cannon, but incapable of refillingnbsp;an enemy.

Port Praya is a fmall bay, fituated about the middle of the fputh fide of theifland, in lat.i4°53' N.long.23° 30'’ W.j it may be knownnbsp;by the fouthernmoft hill on the ifland lying inland in the directionnbsp;of weft from the port ; the hill is round and peaked at the top. Greennbsp;ifland may alfo be taken as a mark by which to know the harbour jnbsp;it lies on the weft fide of the bay, is not very high, and has fteepnbsp;rocky fides. From this ifland to the weft point of the bay lie funkennbsp;rocks, upon which the fea continually breaks : the two points whichnbsp;form the entrance lie in the direction of W. S.W. and E. N.E. halfnbsp;a league from each other. It is ufual for Eaft-Indiamen, Guineanbsp;traders, and others bound to the fouthward, to touch here for re-frefhments : “ Bullocks,” fays Captain Cook, “ muft be pur-“ chafed with money ; the price is twelve Spanifli dollars a-head,nbsp;‘ ‘ weighing between two hundred and fifty and three hundred pounds.nbsp;“ Other articles may be got from the natives in exchange for oldnbsp;“ clothes, amp;c.} but the fale of bullocks is granted to a company ofnbsp;merchants as their peculiar privilege, and they conftantly keep annbsp;agent refiding on the fpot.” This may in general be true, but wçnbsp;^pnld find neither merchants nor agents, confcquently got no buj.

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;25

locks ; however, had our ftay been longer, it is probable fome of them would have come to the fort.

Though our ftay was very fliort, our brethren on ftiore were not inattentive to their firft object j we (hall juft mention, in the fim-plicity of the language of the reporter, what pafled on one occafion :nbsp;“ I was meditating on the great goodnefs of God to me an un-‘ ‘ worthy creature, and that ‘ whofoever is afraid or aftiamed of hisnbsp;“ word before men, of him will the Son of Man be afhamed,’whennbsp;“ I met a native black man, who invited me to his houfe. Mynbsp;“ mind was greatly imprefled with the ignorance and fuperftition I.nbsp;“ faw i fo I went with him, and found him very friendly : henbsp;fpoke the Englifti language fufficiently to be underftood j I in-quired what religion he was of ; he told me he was a Roman Ca-“ tholic. After fpeaking a little of their mode and manner of wor-“ ftiip, I told him freely I feared he was wrong; that God couldnbsp;“ not be worfhipped through the medium of images, pointing outnbsp;“ the feveral paflages of God’s word which forbad fuch worfhip jnbsp;“ and, blefled be God, he appeared very much to give way to whatnbsp;“ I faid to him J and I hope the Lord will convince him by hisnbsp;“ Spirit. Before parting from him, I defired him to read over allnbsp;“ the paflages I had pointed out to him, for he had an old Bible,nbsp;“ and could read a little: I begged him to compare the word of

God with the fentiments he had been taught, and to pray to God “ without images fet before him, as they are an abomination to thenbsp;“ Lord i and there can be but one true way of worftiipping himnbsp;through Jefus Chrift, and him alone. Thus, after a few morenbsp;“ words, we parted, and I hope the labour will not be in vain innbsp;the Lord/’

E

CHAPTER IV.

Run to Rio Janeiro.—Reception and Qbfervations.

18th. Having completed the purpofe of our landing at Port Praya, and afrelli taken our departure, at a little di fiance off thenbsp;ifland a fine breeze fprang up, and continued from E.S.E. toE.N.E.nbsp;with hazy weather ; then gradually declined to calms and light airsnbsp;alternately. Lat. Q’ßo'N. long. 23’ W. at one P. M: we faw anbsp;fail to the weftward, and by five o’clock in the evening, the variablenbsp;light winds being moft favourable to her, fhe had got within anbsp;..mile of us j then hoifting Englilh. colours, fired a gun to bring usnbsp;to : we likewife fired and Ihewed our colours j and obferving thatnbsp;Ihe had the advantage of failing we bore down to fpeak with her ;nbsp;but there being hardly any wind, it was dark before we came withinnbsp;hail : their gun-ports, fore and aft, were up, the between decks lighted,nbsp;and the crew at their quarters. This formidable appearance dampednbsp;the fpirits of our peaceable paften gers, who were now in fufpenfenbsp;whether they Ihould go to France or Otaheite ; for as Ihe was muchnbsp;our fuperior in force, we muft inevitably have fallen into their handsnbsp;had they been enemies : but on hailing her our apprehenfions va-nilhed ; her name was the Jack Park, of Liverpool, bound to Africa ;nbsp;Ihe was a letter of marque, and out of twenty-two veftels Die hadnbsp;examined we only were Englilli.

The obfervations of the miftionaries, on this occafion, are well worth remarking : ‘ ‘ Many fears began to arife in our minds ; butnbsp;“ thanks be to God, we were enabled to call our care upon Him,nbsp;“ and refign ourfelves to his blelTed will ; knowing that whatevernbsp;“ the Lord in his providence Iliould fend us, we truft Ihall be for hisnbsp;own glory—the Lord is better to us than all our fears,”

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;27

19th. “ This morning at fun-rifing I was upon deck,” fays W. P. “ and ftruck with the fcene prefented to my view. The fea wasnbsp;“ quite calm and ferene, the Iky was moft beautiful, and the funnbsp;“ difcovering his difk out of variegated clouds : I never before fawnbsp;“ any thing fo delightful. At a diftance were fome water-fpoutsnbsp;“ extendino- from the clouds to the fea, which formed a moft won-“ derful objedf : I thought of the beautiful words of the Pfalmift,nbsp;“ They who go down to the fea in fhips, amp;c. they fee the worksnbsp;of the Lord,, and his wonders in the deep’.”

21 ft. A heavy fquall came on when the miftionaries were en-* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;g^ged between decks in evening prayer ; and the fliip heeling on

a fudden, the lee fcuttle being open, the water ruflied in like a torrent, and rather alarmed them. “ I caught up,” fays W. H. “ anbsp;“ gown of my wife’s, the firft thing in the way, and held it in thenbsp;“ fcuttle-hole till the carpenter w’ent over the (hip’s ftde and clofednbsp;it tight. The fquall did not continue long, and we were enablednbsp;“ to fing the praifes of our Lord with enlarged hearts.”

22d. A number of fliarks were playing round the fhip ; wc caught two, each about five feet long ; after being cut into pieces,nbsp;and the entrails taken out, the heads jumped about the deck for a con-fiderable time.

27th. The weather became now very unfettled, the winds variable and fqually, attended with much thunder and lightning -, here we alfo felt the power of a vertical fun, and, apprehenfive of itsnbsp;fickening effedls, put in pradtice thofe methods which eminentnbsp;inbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;voyagers have ufed fo fuccefsfully : we firft waflied between decks

’ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; quite clean, and when dry fumigated with tobacco and fulphur : at

fix every morning the hammocks were brought upon deck ; and thus !nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the berths, kept as clean as polfible, received the benefit of the frefli

air. From the i8th to the 22d of the month we failed through a part of the fea which in the night exhibits a brilliant appearance ;nbsp;all round the fhip, in her wake, and where the fqualls ruffle the furface, being grandly illuminated. Some aflèrt this to be occafioned

£ 2

by animalcules which thus glow in the dark, their fliining parts being turned upwards by the turbulence of the waters. On the 27th,nbsp;in lat. 3° N. and long. 28° W. we got the frefh S.E. trade wind*nbsp;the falutary effedls of which were gratefully received ; for, fenfiblenbsp;whence our bleffing comes, we had reafon to be thankful, that, afternbsp;the late weather, fo pernicious to European conftitutions, we werenbsp;all prelerved in good health.

29th. VZe faw a very remarkable fhoal of porpoifes ; they rofe as if difciplined in a itraight line extending about half a mile, makingnbsp;fo fudden a noife and ruffle in the fea, that at firft fight we took themnbsp;to be breakèrs. About midnight we crofled the equator in long.nbsp;30° W. the variation by five fets of azimuths 5° 25' W.

In thefe latitudes we naturally expefted to meet calms and burning funs, inftead of which we have a delightful breeze, which carriesnbsp;us along about nine knots an hour ; and the fun-beams being brokennbsp;by clouds and a haze, the heat hath not exceeded what we have oftennbsp;felt in England.—How great is his mercy!

Sift. At fix A. M. faw the ifland of Fernando de Noronha, bearing W.N.W. nine leagues; then run S.S.W. forty-two miles,nbsp;and obferved in lat. 4° 31' S. long, by account 32° 19^ W. Thisnbsp;ifland, when it bore W. N.W. nine leagues, fliewed in detachednbsp;hills, the largeft of which had the appearance of a church fteeple.

“ This ifland,” fays Antonio de Ulloa, “ hath two harbours, ca-“ pable of receiving Ihips of the greateft burden ; one is on the “ north fide, the other on the north-weft ; the former is, in everynbsp;“ refpeél, the principal, both for flielter, capacity, and the good-nefs of its bottom ; but both are expofed to the north and weft ;nbsp;but thefe winds, particularly the north, are periodical, and of nonbsp;“ long continuance.”

November I ft. After palling this ifland the wind continued at S. E. till in lat. 7® S. it became variable, Ihifting almoft every day fromnbsp;about S.S.E. to E. and back by the eaftward to S.‘ When therenbsp;was northing in the wind, the weather was moft unfettled and

Nov.]

rainy ; when in the fouthern quarter we had generally fair weather, though fometimes the fouth-eafters were accompanied with a littlenbsp;rain.

The porter being exhaufted, the captain propofed to iffue half a pint of Madeira wine to the mifTionaries, which was thankfullynbsp;accepted.

ad. Caught two Portuguefe men of war in a bucket j they arc beautiful pink-coloured bladders in the fhape of a curious Ihell, andnbsp;put out innumerable arms like worms about a foot long, which, onnbsp;being touched, fting like nettles. They rife to the furface, and feudnbsp;before the wind like little fhips.

4th. We have to acknowledge the unfpeakable goodnefs f God towards us ; it is fix weeks this day fince we left St. Helen’s, andnbsp;we are all in health, ftrength, and activity j and have enjoyed annbsp;uninterrupted favourable wind ever fince we quitted our native fhore.

6th. Celebrated the communion on the quarter-deck, covered with an awning to keep us from the fun—a very comfortable timenbsp;—enabled to rejoice in the Lord our ftrength and righteoufnefs : Oh,nbsp;may his kingdom fpread far and wide !

7th. Met this evening to fend up our united prayers with our brethren in England, for a blefling on this and all mi flion ar y laboursnbsp;throughout the world ; we began at half paft four, to correfpondnbsp;with our brethren at feven o’clock, fuch being the difference of time.

9th. In lat. 18° JQ'' S. long. 37’ 46^ W. we founded on the outer part of the Abrolhos banks in eighteen fathoms ; and while we werenbsp;running fixteen leagues on a S.W. courfè had irregular foundings,nbsp;viz. 18, 20, 22, 27, 38, 19, 17, 30, 25, coarfe fand with reddifhnbsp;ftones. At noon we obferved in lat. 19quot; 15''S. ; our longitude bynbsp;lunar obfervation of fun and moon 38° 3o\ by account 38° 21' W.nbsp;From noon, with irregular foundings of nearly the fame depth, we rannbsp;S.S.W. fourteen leagues farther, and could then find no bottom withnbsp;.fifty fathom of line. Here we reckoned ourfelves to be in lat. 19^54' S.

[1796. long. 38° 40'’ W. and clear to the. fouthward of the Abrolhos banksnbsp;faw Efpirito Santo. We then ran S. by W. i W. fifty-one miles,nbsp;and obferved in 20° 41'' S, long. 39° W. j afterwards running fourteen hours upon a courfe, made good S.W. i W. one hundred andnbsp;four miles, we founded in fifteen fathoms, upon a bank (as we fup-pofe) which lies off Cape Thome.

nth. At eight A.M. we faw the fcattered iflands which lie to the northward of Cape Frio. The weather being hazy we had nonbsp;obfervation. At half paft two Cape Frio bore N. j W. five miles.nbsp;It now fet in to rain very hard, with brifk gales from the N. E. ; innbsp;confequence of which we put the fhip under a fnug fail, intendingnbsp;to fpend the night betwixt the Cape and the entrance of Rio de Janeiro; ftanding in fhore to thirty fathoms, and off to forty-eight ;nbsp;a fandy bottom. 12th. At daylight we made fail and ran for thenbsp;harbour; but the breeze failing, and the tide againft us, it was onenbsp;o’clock in the afternoon before we reached the entrance. Whennbsp;nearly there, a pilot-boat came alongfide, in which was the head har-bour-mafter, who took charge of the fliip. Jn running in we gavenbsp;the fort of Santa Cruz a berth of half a cable’s length ; keepingnbsp;fhe Ifte de Cobras, which is ftrongly fortified, about two pointsnbsp;upon the larboard bow, till the Benedictine monaftery, which isnbsp;large and white, appeared clear of its north fide ; then hauling upnbsp;towards the fliipping, we came to with our fmall bower in feven fa-]thoms water, and moored with a kedge to the northward, the monaftery bearing S.W. by S. and Ifte de Enchados N. by W. Asnbsp;foon as we had anchored, a guard-boat, with the proper officers,nbsp;.came alongfide, in order to prevent fmuggling, and watch that nonbsp;perfon went from the fhip unaccompanied by a foldier. It is remarked, that the government in this colony aCls towards ftrangersnbsp;with the moft jealous caution ; the captain, obliged to land whennbsp;we firft entered the port, was attended with a military officer fromnbsp;Jort Santa Cruz. This evening fetting in with heavy rain, thunde^,,

Nov.]

and lightning, we ran our cledlric conductors to the maft-lieads, a precaution necelTary when within the tropics.

13th. Being now fafely moored, after a paflage of five thoufand miles, through the moft malignant climates, 'it is proper to paufe,nbsp;while we with grateful hearts adore the goodnefs of God, whofenbsp;watchful providence has been confpicuoufly difplayed in our favour ;nbsp;preferving us in health, and guiding us in fafety to a port, wherenbsp;we can procure whatever refrefiiments we want for the comfort ofnbsp;the reft of our paflage. Befides thefe motives, an additional caufenbsp;for thankfulnefs is, that the hearts of the miflionaries feem as muchnbsp;as ever devoted to the Redeemer’s fervice, and their minds as ardentlynbsp;intent as ever to promote his glory.

This day being the fabbath, the incumbent duties were obferved in the fame manner as at fea; the officer of the guard-boat attended,nbsp;conduóling himfelf with much propriety, and attheclofeof thewor-ffiip exprefled his approbation. His curiofity, however, was much excited, and he feemed quite at a lofs to know what kind of people wenbsp;were J but either through modefty,or a fear of offending,declined makingnbsp;any inquiries : afterwards, when more familiar, he faid that he nevernbsp;before faw people behave fo peaceably and foberly on the fir ft daynbsp;after their arrival ; the reverfe, fwearirig, noife, and drunkennefs,nbsp;being generally the p radlice.

14th. Since the captain was on ffiore on our firfl: arrival, no individual was allowed to go from the ffiip till a further examination by the fuperior officers, whofe vifit we were obliged patiently tonbsp;wait ; and as the time of their coming was uncertain, we employednbsp;the day on the necelTary duty of the ffiip till about four in the afternoon, when there came, in the mafter-attendant’s boat, fome military officers, the chief juftice, a phyfician, the captain of a fliip,nbsp;and an interpreter. Their bufinefs feemed to be trifling, repeatingnbsp;only the queftions which had been put to the captain at the firftnbsp;however, though their fcrivener was prefent, what they had now-done was not fufficient ; the captain, myfelf, and the fécond officer.

33 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE . [1796.

were ordered to attend at the viceroy’s palace, there to anfwer to the fame firing of interrogations, viz. Whence we came ? whithernbsp;bound ? the nature of our voyage ? and what political news we hadnbsp;to communicate? When the whole was noted, duplicates written,nbsp;and figned by us, we were informed that the papers would be fentnbsp;to Lifbon, and that fuch fcrutinies were the common practice of thenbsp;colony, '

This ceremony being over, we had leave to go on fhore when we pleafed, themfelves taking care always to put a foldier in the boatnbsp;before fhe put from alongfide ; and as foon as we landed, anothernbsp;picked us up and followed us through the town, abiding clofe by usnbsp;till we returned again to the boat. From Monday till Saturday wenbsp;were employed refitting our rigging, watering our fhip, and procuring live flock, wine, amp;c. for fea flore ; feveral forts of feeds andnbsp;plants were alfo got on board, fuch as it was fuppofed might flourifhnbsp;and be ufeful at Otaheite.

On Saturday the 19th, at four in the morning, we unmoored, and with the mafler-attendant on board took the fhip nearer to thenbsp;harbour’s mouth, that we might be in readinefs to embrace the firflnbsp;leading breeze to fail.

About noon the fea wind fet in with a thick fog ; in the afternoon both boats were employed to bring from the fhore a variety of things which were flill unavoidably there.

aoth. At feven in the morning we weighed with a light breeze in our favour; but by the time we got abreafl of fort Santa Cruz itnbsp;changed againfl us : however, we kept plying to windward, andnbsp;after we had made a few tacks, the mafler-attendant took his leave.nbsp;At three P.M. we paffed between Razor ifland and Round ifland,whennbsp;a frefh breeze fpringing up, we were very foon out of fight of land.

The city of Rio de Janeiro is at prefent the capital of Brazil, and, fince the difeovery of the diamond mines in its vicinity, has beennbsp;thè refidence of the viceroy. It has for its defence cannon plantednbsp;upon the tops of the eminences, which command its entrance ;

4

Nov.]

befides three or four regular forts ; but none of thefe, taken fmgly, can be efteemed very ilrong, except Santa Cruz and Lozia, as they lienbsp;confiderably diftant from each other : therefore, though guns may benbsp;feen whatever way you turn your eyes, yet the place is not in realitynbsp;fo well fortified as it appears to be.

The inhabitants are a mixture of Portuguefe, mulattoes, and negroes, and their number in the city and fuburbs cannot exceed two hundrednbsp;thoufand. The churches, monafteries, convents, the viceroy’s palace, thenbsp;hofpital, and a few private houfes, have a good appearance. The fireetsnbsp;are narrow, but ftraight and regular. Their windows and the uppernbsp;part of their doors being latticed with rods laid acrofs each other, andnbsp;clofe iliut all day, a firauger walking along, and feeing their womennbsp;and children peep through thefe gratings, might fuppofe their dwellings fo many prifons.

The government is fo ftridlly cautious, that the inhabitants can have no intercourfe whatever with ftrangers without leave firft obtainednbsp;from the viceroy : a letter of credit which Captain Wilfon had, ad’nbsp;drelfed to a refpedable merchant, afforded one infiance. On receiptnbsp;of the letter he expreffed his readinefs to advance what fums the captain might have occafion for, and to afiifi him in any other way ; butnbsp;before he could oblige him, he faid, he mufi wait on the viceroynbsp;with the letter.

This capital appears to exceed all popifli places in the parade of religion. At the corner of every fireet is a figure of our Saviour andnbsp;the Virgin Mary placed in a niche, or kind of cupboard, with a curtain and glafs window before it ; in the night, candles are lighted j andnbsp;here the people fiop to addrefs their devotions, and the whole nightnbsp;long the voice of their chanting to thefe images may be heard. Evennbsp;the common beggai- makes a trade of religion, by carrying a littlenbsp;crucifix at his breafi, which I fuppofe he may buy for a penny ; atnbsp;this the poorer fort crofs themfelves, and the beggar blefling them,nbsp;mufi be paid for his benedidlion as well as the pope.

The efiabliflied port charges paid by all merchant-fhips are, on

F

[1796. entering 3/. lar., and ^s.6d. a day while at anchor ; befides this,nbsp;foreign velTels muft pay an interpreter commißion for his bufinefsnbsp;with government, and on what he puxchafes ; however, provifionsnbsp;are very cheap. Rum, which they make in the colony, is of a tolerable quality and their port wine, meliorated by palling through thenbsp;tropical climates, is allowed to excel in goodnefs.

On entering this port, after a long paflage acrofs the Atlantic ocean, the vaftnefs of the prolpeCt fills the mind with the moft plcafing fenfations. Faffing the narrow entrance between two lofty hills, the harbour fuddenly widening ffiews like an extenfive lake, where on different parts lie many fcattered iflands. On the left, the city, with thenbsp;fortifications and whitewafhed walls, prefents itfelf in a ftrikingnbsp;manner, with fhipping at anchor, and boats bringing fupplies fromnbsp;every quarter. Beyond all, to the north-weft, as far as the eye cannbsp;reach, a range of lofty mountains eredt their rugged tops : in theirnbsp;bofoms, perhaps, thoufands of human beings are doomed, in fearchnbsp;of gold and diamonds, to fpend their days in mifery.

Tie Obfervationr of the Mijfonaries at their Entrance and Stay at Rio Janeiro.

ON approaching the harbour the tops of the mountains were hid in clouds, but the hills near the ffiore covered with fruit-trees to theirnbsp;very tops. Several fortified iflands were around us j and on the mainnbsp;we faw a magnificent aquedudt of about fifty arches, extending fromnbsp;one mountain to another. Here we began to obferve marks of theirnbsp;fuperftition, for the crofs was eredled on the tops of the hills, and onnbsp;their forts. On the Lord’s day, the Portuguefe and Indians, whonbsp;were our attendants on board, looked on very attentively, and behaved very ferioufly, during our worfliip, though unacquainted with

4

the language ; whilft thofe who remained in the boat, though it was Sunday, amufed themfelves with cards.

A large party of us going on lliore, we had leave to fee the town, accompanied by two officers, who treated us with much civility-On landing we were fhocked with the fight of a poor Have worn outnbsp;with difeafe and labour, advancing with feeble crawl to the water’snbsp;edge } and fhortly after beheld a fcene difgufting to humanity, anbsp;cargo of human beings expofed for fale, naked, in the market-place jnbsp;whilft others, in companies of fix or feven chained together, werenbsp;traverfing the ftreets with burdens : we have feen their mafters flognbsp;them like horfes or dogs, fo that our eyes have been filled with tearsnbsp;at the fight. When fhall this barbarous traffic come to an end ?

The ftreets were full of ffipps of every kind ; the druggifts’ and filverfmiths’ made the nobleft appearance. We obferved a large refer-voir of water, with three fountains difcharging into it, very fweet,nbsp;and convenient for the fliipping. Peruvian bark was it. 5^/. pernbsp;pound, cochineal iot. We wiffied to procure fome of the cochineal plants, but did not fucceed ; but we got various tropical feedsnbsp;and plants at a hofpitable cottager’s, a little diftancefrom the city.

The viceroy’s garden was beautifully interfperfed with oranges, lemons, limes, and a number of other trees. There we faw a crocodile fpouting water, furrounded with curious fhell-work ; and innbsp;another part, a boy holding a tortoife, from whofe mouth iffiued a copious ftream. The view of the harbour from one of the terraces isnbsp;magnificent. The fummer-houfes were adorned with beautifulnbsp;paintings reprefenting the working the diamond mines, and thenbsp;making fugar, rum, and other produce of the country.

We next vifited the palace. The colonel commandant and his lady ffiewed us the greateft politenefs, and his lady was peculiarly attentive to our wives ; and forry we were that we could make no acknowledgments in return ; efpecially when we law their rooted fuperfti-tions, beads and crucifixes hung about their necks ; and the crofsnbsp;and their faints were at the corner of every fljeet, and before their

F Z

36 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1796.

houfes : to thefe they bow and crofs thcmfclvcs as they pafs. Indeed they feem funk in idolatry. The number of their priefts is irn-menfe. The town feemed not bigger than Briftol, and can hardlynbsp;contain more than two hundred thoufand inhabitants.

Our attention was arrefted by a grand proceflion of priefts, nuns, mourners, amp;c. entering one of their cathedrals, which was hungnbsp;with black, and blazing with lamps. The prayers were chanted,nbsp;and chorulfes fung, accompanied by a band of mufic. The fightnbsp;affliéted us j to behold fuch external pomp of worfhip, and to dif-cover no trace of the pure undefiled religion of Jefus.

They are very jealous of ftrangers on account of their diamond mines, where fo many miferable Africans are yearly facrificed. Wenbsp;palTed the military hofpital, on a healthy fpot about a mile from thenbsp;city ; but I did not vifit it, fays the furgeon, left I might carry fomenbsp;infection on board. Not far diftant, in a beautiful valley, is thenbsp;viceroy’s magnificent chapel j and they are now ereóling a large cathedral near it, where a multitude of Haves were employed ; and to fharenbsp;in the merit of the work, they informed us feveral youths of opulentnbsp;families aflifted, raifing a vaft fuperftrudture on a fandy foundation.nbsp;I retired to my cabin in the evening, praying that the Lord wouldnbsp;fend hither his precious gofpel with demonftration o-f his fpirit andnbsp;power.

Upon the whole, we had every reafon to be fatisfied with our reception, and embraced the opportunity of a fhip failing for Europe to convey intelligence to our friends.

Though the following- letter addrefled by the miflionaries to the direéfors has been publifhed, it properly and defervedly claims a partnbsp;in this narrative j and with it we Ihall clofe the tranfadions at Rionbsp;Janeiro.

ov.j

“ On board the Duff, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, “ coafl; of Brazil, South America, Nov. i j, 1796.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

“ Dear and honoured Brethren,

“ We think it our duty to inform you, we arrived at this place ‘ on Saturday, lathinftant, after a paflage of feven weeks and onenbsp;‘ day. We cannot fufficiently acknowledge the great goodnefs ofnbsp;‘ Almighty God, in the fignal bleffings we have been favoured with,nbsp;‘ fince our departure from our country and dear connexions therein.nbsp;‘ We have not experienced one day of real bad weather fince we werenbsp;‘ launched upon the bofom of the great deep : winds and waves, innbsp;‘ the hands of our God, have been propitious. The fiery heat of thenbsp;‘ fun, in pafling beneath its directeft rays, hath been kindly checkednbsp;‘ by intervening clouds or cooling gales j fo that we have croffednbsp;‘ thus far through the burning zone, without feeling thofe inconve-‘ niences that we were naturally led to expect. Our vifitations ofnbsp;‘ ficknefs have been partial and tranfient j few having been afflict cd,nbsp;‘ and thofe, through divine goodnefs, fpeedily recovered : Mrs.nbsp;‘ Eyre excepted, who, through weaknefs and infirmity incident onnbsp;‘ age, has enjoyed but little health fince our departure from England ;nbsp;‘ however, from the time of our arrival in this harbour, fhe appearsnbsp;‘ greatly revived. The abundant fupply of every neceffary, fur-“ nifflcd by our liberal friends, hath not fuffered us to feel the final leftnbsp;‘ ‘ want. Our attention has been chiefly direóled to the reading of thenbsp;“ accounts of the iflands of the South Sea, and acquiring fome know-‘ * ledge of the Otaheitean language, from the providential means putnbsp;“ into our hands ; other ftudies of a fcientific nature we have notnbsp;“ been able to pay general application to. The worfliip of the Mollnbsp;“ High has been duly and conftantly attended, without any omiffionnbsp;“ but when ncccfflty or prudence made it warrantable. Whatevernbsp;“ fpiritual trials we individually have fuffered, moments of rcfrefh-“ ment from God and our Saviour Jefus Chrifl: have more thannbsp;“ compenfated. Harmony and concord continue among us as a body

[1796. ‘ ‘ engaged in one common caufe. We look forward to what remainsnbsp;“ of our voyage and future operations with that concern our peculiarnbsp;“ lituation demands. Our infufficiency wc feel, and where ournbsp;“ Rrength lieth we know. We humbly hope and truft that the handnbsp;“ of God will continue with us, by his Spirit to direél us, and bynbsp;“ his power to guard us. We give ourfelves up to God, throughnbsp;“ Jefus Chrift our Lord, and delire to lie placid in his arms.

“ Dear brethren, the whole body of mifhonaries, as the heart of “ one man, prefent their Chriftian love to the body of directors, thenbsp;“ fociety, and all true lovers of Chrift and his gofpel. We pray thenbsp;“ continuance of an interefl in your fervent prayers for us, and fornbsp;“ our undertaking ; that we may acquit ourfelves as men, faithfulnbsp;“ to the caufe in which we are engaged, and be rendered mightynbsp;“ inftruments in the hands of God for the converfion of the heathensnbsp;“ of the South Sea; fo Ihall iniquity flop its mouth, the wife and

prudent in their own eyes be afliamed, and the mighty power of “ God be difplayed in the eyes of the world, by his chooling the fool-“ ifh things of the world to confound the wife, the weak things ofnbsp;“ the world to confound the things which are mighty; the bafcnbsp;“ things of the world, and things which are defpifed, and thingsnbsp;“ which are not, to bring to nought things that are,

“ We remain, dear and honoured brethren,

“ Your brethren in the gofpel of Jefus Chrift,

“ The whole body of miflionaries,

“ John Jefferson, Secretary.”

CHAPTER V.

Departure from Rio Janeiro, till our Arrival at Otaheite.

We now proceeded on our voyage, in hopes of efît éling it by the way of Cape Horn, which was our original intention. Thenbsp;captain had laid in a frelh flore of fuch provifions as this place afforded, with fugar, wine, and whatever might be nectffary in thenbsp;long run before us.

20th. Lord’s day. Brothers Eyre and Jefferfon preached. We had but little wind, and drifted out with the tide. In leaving thisnbsp;harbour, and again launching into the deep, we thought on all thenbsp;mercies of our God, who had dealt fo wonderfully with us, andnbsp;protected us hitherto in fafety through the pathlefs ocean : we could,nbsp;with humble dependence, truft him for the future.

34th. We begin to find it colder as we run to the fouth; the at-mofphere, day and night, is free from clouds ; the breeze is moderate ; we move as on a mill-pond, enjoying all the bleflings of life. O may the goodnefs of the Lord lead us to repentance, watchful-nefs, and unfeigned love of the brethren ! Thefe favourable commencements, however, foon changed ; he firall defcribe who feltnbsp;them. “ ‘39th. We had a very pleafant day, and this evening Inbsp;“ was delighted to fee the lliip crowded down with fails, and goingnbsp;“ fwiftly before the wind with the ftarry heavens over us. Aboutnbsp;“ eleven o’clock I was waked out of fleep, and much alarmed withnbsp;“ the noife on deck. I hurried on my clothes and ran up the lad-“ der, and to my great furprife found the fhip under her bare poles.nbsp;“ The Iky, which had been fo ferene and bright, was coverednbsp;with black clouds ; the lightning came in flalhes fo quick and

“ vivid, as took away my eye-fight for a time. Bleffcd be God ! “ it did not lafi: more than two hours, when the ftorm abated.nbsp;“ See what the Lord can do ! ‘ Let all the earth fear the Lord j letnbsp;all the inhabitants thereof Hand in awe of him. He gatherethnbsp;the waters of the fea together as an heap, he layeth up the

“ depths as in his treafure-houfe. Oh, how great is thy goodnefs, which thou haft laid up for them that fear thee !’

Amidft the roaring of the fea

My foul ftill hangs her all on thee ; Thy conftant love, thy faithful care,nbsp;Is all that faves me from defpair.”

After being two months from England, and running fix thoufand miles, this is the firft time we have experienced a contrary wind.

But to return to Mr. Wilfon’s journal.

During the firft eight days nothing remarkable occurred. On the 29th We obferved in lat. 34° 56' S. long. 49” 30'W. j had anbsp;fine breeze wefterly and clear weather : towards the evening it veerednbsp;to the north,, a gentle gale and a fmooth fea : but thefe favourablenbsp;circumftances we forefaw would be of fhort continuance : to thenbsp;fouthward black clouds were rifing faft, and flying with great velocity over our heads in a diredlion quite contrary to the way thenbsp;wind at prefent blew. This jarring of the elements we confiderednbsp;as a fure prognoftic of an approaching ftorm ; therefore the captainnbsp;ordered the fmall fails to be taken in, alfo a Angle reef in the top fails.nbsp;Still a gentle gale continued as before till near midnight, when wenbsp;were attacked by a moft violent fquall, with a deluge of rain andnbsp;fmart thunder and lightning, the combined force of which obligednbsp;us to haul our forefail clofe up, and furl every other fail : happily itnbsp;foon fubfided, but continued not long moderate ; a ftrong gale fet innbsp;at fouth, and the fea running high all the following day, moft ofnbsp;the miftionarics were again vifited with the fea-ficknefs.

Dec.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;to THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

December ifl. The gale moderated, and the fea falling greatly, a few of the fick recovered j betwixt decks were cleared and dried,nbsp;the fllip put in order, and preparations made to encounter fuch ftormsnbsp;as we might now expedt. The cow had fuffered much in the latenbsp;gale from repeated falls ; and as no hay had been got at Rio Janeiro,nbsp;on account of the rainy feafon, the* little we brought from homenbsp;was now expended, therefore no alternative remained but to kill thenbsp;poor lean animal : this was done accordingly, but with reluélance,nbsp;as her milk had been very ferviceable to the women and children ; wenbsp;found her big with calf, which made her more regretted. In thenbsp;courfe of the night we experienced another fmart gale, which, thoughnbsp;not quite fo violent as the laft, was, like it, attended with rain, thunder, and lightning.

2d. At daylight we had better weather, and the fea was remarkably fmooth, but very much difcoloured, the caufe of which phenomenon is generally afcribed to the outfet of the tide from thenbsp;great river of Rio de la Plata ; we founded, but found no bottomnbsp;with one hundred fathom of line. At noon our latitude, by ob-fervation, was 38° 3' S. long. 50° 15' W. Towards the clofe ofnbsp;the day the Iky again put on a gloomy afpedt, and from a moderatenbsp;breeze at S. by W. the wind veered to S.W. by W. the gale in-creafing, and the fea rifing very faft.

3d. In the morning the fea ran exceeding high, and the wind blew a complete florm, which reduced us to a clofe-reefed main-topfail and forefail. Several of our live flock died, either by the coldnbsp;or the fpray of the fea, fo that we were in danger of lofing thenbsp;whole of this invaluable prefervative of health. Not only the greaternbsp;part of the miflionaries were fea-fick, but fome of our feamen alfo.nbsp;Mrs. Eyre, already exhaufled by continued ill nefs, feemed unablenbsp;long to fuflain thefe greater trials ; and refpedling thofe who werenbsp;not fick, they, and likewife the crew, felt the uncomfortable efledtsnbsp;of fuch bad weather. Being thus fituated, the captain was appro-

43

[179^' henfive that in perfevering in our endeavours to double Cape Horn,nbsp;our raw, unfeafoned company of landmen, women, and children,nbsp;might fall vidlims to the repeated ftorms and colder weather, whichnbsp;we might expedt to meet with in the attempt : alfo, after doing ournbsp;heft, the certainty of getting round, in our circumdances, wasnbsp;doubtful, as in the cafe of Bligh and others, whofe efforts, afternbsp;long druggies, proved in vain.

Therefore the captain, after deliberately weighing thefe and the connedted circumdances, relinquidied a plan, which to executenbsp;required a fhip’s crew of hardy failors, unaccompanied by tendernbsp;women and children, and adopted the refolution of going the eadernnbsp;padage; that is, to pafs a few degrees fouth of the Cape of Goodnbsp;Hope, to fail to the foulhward of the fouth cape of New Hollandnbsp;and New Zealand, keeping in the track of the wederly winds tillnbsp;near the meridian of Otaheite, and then to deer to the northwardnbsp;for that idand.

At noon we obferved in lat. 39“ 2'' S. long. 50° W. Immediately afterwards we bore away, fetting what fail the fhip could bear ;nbsp;and this we certainly had good reafon to do, confidering that beforenbsp;ive could reach Otaheite by the draighted courfe, we mud run notnbsp;lefs than fourteen thoufand miles; whereas, from our prefent dation,nbsp;to go by way of Cape Horn, the didance did not exceed feven thoufand miles ; and I am perfuaded, that to fome on board the defirenbsp;to fail round the world was more than a counterpoife to the difficulties which might attend our padage round that cape. But fincenbsp;it is proper, that in all cafes felf-gratification ought to give place tonbsp;the bed-devifed means of obtaining the principal ends of our employment, fo now all were fully fatisfied that the late adopted mea-fures were for the bed.

The fea running tremendoudy high, we were apprehenfive of being pooped by it, or otherwife receiving damage, therefore ffiapednbsp;our courfe right before it, deering N.E. by E. and E.N.E. till it

Dec.]

gradually became fmoother. In the courfe of the firft four days wc ran fix hundred and forty miles by our log, and were then detainednbsp;for a while by eafterly winds.

But to particularize the various occurrences of fo long a paflage, where the objects which prefent themfelves have already been largelynbsp;treated of by men of ability and (kill in natural hillory, wouldnbsp;afford but little entertainment, and tedious repetitions of winds andnbsp;weather only tire the patience ; therefore fhall deem it fufficient tonbsp;notice briefly the progrefs we made from time to time. Our miflSonarynbsp;journals will fill the chafm.

December 5th. Our religious exercifes have hitherto not been interrupted; we have maintained the regulated daily fervices betweennbsp;decks when we could not aflemble on the quarter. This day wenbsp;met our dear friends in England at their hour of prayer, and fentnbsp;up our petitions in union with theirs to the throne of grace for thenbsp;fuccefs of all miflionary labours.

6th. Frelh breezes ; ran eight or nine knots an hour.. How great are his mercies !

8 th. A great head fea; faw feveral whales playing around ; fome-times they approached very near, clofe under the ftern, when we could obferve them diftindly, as they came to the furface to breathe,nbsp;throwing up the water to a vaft height with a tremendous noife.nbsp;We were ftruck with awe and folemnity—How wonderful and manifold are thy works, O God ! Heaven, earth, and fea, declare thynbsp;glory : “ Let every thing which hath breath praife the Lord.”

The climate here, though advancing to the midft of fummer, ap--peared to us cold as in England in the midft of winter.

The gale ftill blew from the weft with unabated violence : an awful fea running mountains high ; the clouds hanging low, thick, and gloomy ;nbsp;the (hip fcudding before the wind with furprifing eafe and fwiftnefs,nbsp;and (hipping very little water, confidering the greatnefs of the fea.nbsp;At thofe times we truly beheld the wonders of the Lord in the greatnbsp;deep. The (hip fometimes feemed hid between two lofty mountains of

G 2

[1796. water, and then elevated to the immenfe fummit. Thefe fights ofnbsp;die marvellous works of our God exalted our ideas of his greatnefsnbsp;and glory, and increafed our joy and praife; affured that this awfulnbsp;God is our God, and all his divine perfections engaged in our behalf. We have fometimes fat on the deck with facred pleafure andnbsp;compofure, viewing the towering billows on every fide, fome following us with their foaming tops, and feeming to threaten our de-ftruClion ; but inftead of doing us any harm, only pufhing us on 'nbsp;the fafter to the haven where we w’ould be. We were unable tonbsp;celebrate the Lord’s fupper through the agitation of the velfel, andnbsp;turned our ufual fervice into a meeting of prayer between decks jnbsp;there confined from the fight of the fun, and the fea making oftennbsp;a way over the fliip, the Lord made up every want by vouchfafingnbsp;his gracious prefence—we could adopt the language of the poet :

Thy fhining grace can cheer The dungeon where we dwell ;

’Tis paradife if thou art there. If thou depart ’tis hell.

Though by changing our courfe we Ihall lengthen our voyage feven thoufand miles, and have two hundred and eleven degrees ofnbsp;longitude to run, yet the fpeed with which we advance is amazing;nbsp;in the laft two days, fince Friday at midnight, we have run by thenbsp;log near five hundred miles. The Lord is fending us about as henbsp;did his Ifrael of old, and no doubt for wife ends. Could we havenbsp;gone round Cape Horn, we might probably have reached the placenbsp;of our deftination much fooner : but we are Ihort-fighted creatures,nbsp;and in the beft hands ; let his will be done, who knows how moftnbsp;fafely to lead us through the deep as through a wildernefs.

The immenfe fhoals of fifties around us have often amufed and aftonilhed us ; fome larger marching in great pomp, followed by anbsp;train of fmaller, arid approaching clofe to the ftiip’s fides; the

Dec.]

flying-fifli rifirig like a flock of birds out of the water, and often falling on board; one fifteen inches long flew direólly again ft our bell,nbsp;and was taken ; they were very good eating. Thoufands of birdsnbsp;alfo, about the fize of pigeons, flew around us.

20th. We re-crofièd the meridian of London, and began counting our longitude eaftward ; and on the 24th that of the Cape of Goodnbsp;Hope, in the latitude or track of 40° 20'' S. with a fine gale wcfterJynbsp;driving us along at the rate of eight or nine miles an hour.

24th. Chriftmas eve: fpcnt, fays W. P. a comfortable evening with mymcftinatcs, brother Shelly, brother Hodges and his wife; had anbsp;good cake of our own making, and a very nice dilh of chocolate. Mynbsp;mind was deeply imprefîèd with the remembrance of deareft abfentnbsp;friends, whom I reprefented fitting round their fire-fide, and faying.nbsp;Ah, poor fouls, where are they now !

25th. After a fermon from Ifaiah, ix. 6. the Lord’s fupper was adminiftered : bleftcd be God, I found it a very comfortable feafon.

26th. Fine weather and brilk gales ; we failed two hundred and forty miles the laft twenty-four hours.

29th. Obferved an eclipfe of the fun of about three hours continuance ; three parts being obfcured, it produced a perceptible darknefs.

The miflionaries were now applying themfelves to the Otaheitean language, the moft diligent giving pleafing proofs of their defirenbsp;and aptnefs to acquire it. A part of each day was alfo appropriatednbsp;to reading the Rev. Mr. Greatheed’s account of the South-Seanbsp;iflands: this they ftyled Miflionary Geography; from thence derivingnbsp;confiderable knowledge: their minds alfo became more exercifed, andnbsp;a difference of opinion gradually increafed concerning the proprietynbsp;of their feparating, and which group apipeared the moft eligible andnbsp;fafe to fettle in: fome preferred the Friendly Ifles, others Otaheite.nbsp;John Harris alone was for the Marquefas ; he had long ago madenbsp;that choice, and ftill remained unlhaken in his refolution, defiringnbsp;only to have one or two to accompany him ; and for that purpofe

was now ufing his intereft with the young men, few of whom as yet feemed inclined to fettle at the Marquefas. In confequence ofnbsp;the probability of fuch a feparation taking place, a meeting of thenbsp;whole body of miflionaries was held, when, after a long converfation,nbsp;it was moved, “ That eight perfons and the chairman (the captain)nbsp;“ be chofen to draw up a code of church government for the futurenbsp;“ conduól of their little fociety, together with certain religiousnbsp;“ principles, to be figned by every individual.”—Agreed. Thenbsp;fame day the following perfons were chofen by ballot to compofe thénbsp;committee : viz. Bowell, Buchanan, Cover, Henry, Jefferfon, Lewis,nbsp;Main, and Shelly.

At another meeting it was moved, “ That two days in the week, “ Tuefdays and Thurfdays, an hour and half each, be appointed fornbsp;“ the difcuflion of fome doélrinal part of God’s word. The textnbsp;“ of fcripture to be appointed by a moderator, chofen out of thenbsp;“ body, who fhall publicly declare the text at leaf! two days be-“ fore the time of difcuflion j the members to fpeak in rotation, andnbsp;“ not to exceed a quarter of an hour each, and to divide the text undernbsp;“ proper heads, which fhall be committed unto paper, and a copynbsp;“ of the fame to be delivered to the moderator.”—Agreed. Mr.nbsp;Lewis chofen firft moderator. The defign of this plan was to improve the young men in the method of arranging their thoughts,nbsp;and to excite them to a more diligent fearch into the fcriptures. Itnbsp;was moved alfo, at the fame meeting, “ That Meflfs. Henry andnbsp;“ Kelfo do, in conjunélion with the ordained minifters, join in thenbsp;“ regular difpenfation of the word of God.”—This was likewifenbsp;agreed to.

Refpedling the health of both miflionaries and crew, we may all (tw’o or three excepted) fay that we have enjoyed that blefling abundantly. Mr. Clode was lately attacked with a fevere fever, and fornbsp;fome time delirious, but now in a way of recovery ; and Mr.nbsp;Buchanan, having fùffèred continually by fea-ficknefs, was at prefent brought very low, and for fome days confined to his bed, by a

4

Jan.]

painful colli ve complaint, which long refilled the power of medicine ; while his getting worfe every day increafed the concern all on boardnbsp;felt, through fear of lofing this humble and devoted miflionary.nbsp;But to our great joy, December 29th, at the time when we thoughtnbsp;him expiring, he obtained relief, and afterwards gradually recovered.nbsp;His happy experience of God’s love, and joy of hope through all hisnbsp;illnefs, was a fingular comfort and encouragement to all the brethren.

January ift, 1797. Little did we apprehend on this day laft year what was the decree of the Lord concerning us. We have now failednbsp;twelve thoufand miles..

Come, my foul, a year is gone. And thyfelf may’ll truly moan jnbsp;Small the fruit to God is found.nbsp;Too much like the barren ground.

This new year may be my lall, Former years are gone and pall}nbsp;Come, my foul, arife and pray.nbsp;Trim thy lamp this new-year’s day.

2d. We were now making rapid advances towards the defired illand r but little remarkable occurred.—The aquatic birds, whichnbsp;had daily vifited us in great numbers fince we came into this fea,nbsp;feemed now to have left us, fo that for fome days we hardly faw onenbsp;of any kind. Whales were playing round the fhip, and it is probable that, had they been objedls of our voyage, we might have caughtnbsp;fome of the many we faw. There were feveral of the brethren whonbsp;took great delight in flanding with harpoons in their hands, watchingnbsp;opportunities to llrike the porpoifes that were ufually fporting undernbsp;the bows, and one day Mr. Smith had the fuccefs to llrike one, thenbsp;blubber of which produced four gallons of good oil.

By the middle of January the committee of eight had nearly finilhed

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the articles of faith and rules of church government. As yet no ferions difference of fentiment had arifen among the miffionaries : one nownbsp;commenced regarding thofe points of doctrine which have too often,nbsp;and with too great afperity, divided the church of the living God.nbsp;It had been the great objeél with the dirccfors to prevent as much asnbsp;poffible diverfity of opinion among the brethren, being confcious onnbsp;whichever fide the truth might be found in the abffrufer points ofnbsp;theological tenets, that all difputes among the teachers themfelvesnbsp;fhould be guarded with the greateft precaution.

As the diredfors held the dodlrinal articles of the. church of England in the fenfe ufually termed Calviniftic, and in correfpondence with the opinion of their brethren in Scotland, contained in the Af-fembly’s catechifm j it was an original decifion, that none fhould benbsp;fent out as miflionaries, who did not make a clear and explicit con-feflion of their faith, agreeable to this rule. We had every reafonnbsp;to believe that all the miflionaries were of one mind j but it now appeared, on the difcuffion, that two of the thirty had entertainednbsp;principles different from the reff, which occafioned fome debate.nbsp;The general fenfe of the body was, that it would be injurious to thenbsp;work to continue thofe as fellow-helpers whofe difference of fentimentnbsp;from their brethren might produce unhappy effedls among the heathen. However, after a variety of conferences on the fubjedt, con-dudfed with the greateft calmnefs, the two who had diflfered fromnbsp;the reft acknowledged that they had received convidlion from thenbsp;arguments of their brethren, admitted the impropriety of their con-dudl, and were accordingly reftored to fellowfhip, and as muchnbsp;honoured and refpedfed as ever. We remark this as a moft happynbsp;trait of Chriftian confidence; and none have fhewn themfelves morenbsp;faithful to the caufe, nor has the fmalleft difference fince arifen between them on the fubjedt.

29th. We pafled the meridian of the fouth cape of New Holland; and on the 14th of February were thirty-two leagues to the fouth-ward of the fouth cape of New Zealand. On the 15th we were nearly

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Fib.]

antipodes to our friends in London. The day following a fea broke againft our hern, dalhed one of the windows to pieces, and fpoilednbsp;feveral books in the cabin.

17th. We met with as heavy a ftorm from the eaftward as any we had before experienced j the fea around us ran mountainoufly, and thenbsp;rain poured heavily upon us for about eight hours. However, as wenbsp;were all in good health, the effeóls of it were but little felt. Thisnbsp;was in lat. 31° 30' S. and long. 209° 30'' E.

The fenfations of the miflionaries on this occafion their own journals will beft tell. This was the moft fevere and awful ftorm we had yetnbsp;experienced. The fea ran mountains high, but our little and incomparable bark, with which our God hath bleffed us, lay to undernbsp;her main-ftayfail, and mounted over the waves like a duck withnbsp;feathers. We were blefled with a calm and ferene ftate of mind, andnbsp;enabled to caft our care upon God, which we did in a fweet prayermeeting between decks. In the evening the wind died away, andnbsp;the lovely ftars fhewed their faces. Appointed Tuefday next to fignnbsp;the articles, and obferve a day of public thankfgiving for the fignalnbsp;and wonderful mercies we had received.

It is remarkable, that through the voyage the Lord has ufually lent us moderate weather on the fabbath days, fo that our folemnities havenbsp;been feldom interrupted.

21 ft. The articles of faith and rules of church government being completed and approved by the whole of the brethren, they, at anbsp;meeting this day, figned the fame, and held a day of thankfgiving.nbsp;A feparation becoming now more and more probable, they begannbsp;teaching each other the little handicraft arts they were mafters of,nbsp;fuppofing fuch might be ferviceable when they parted. Dr. Gillhamnbsp;gave likewife leftures upon a prepared Ikeleton of the human body,nbsp;and inftrudtcd them in the ufe of the medicines.

This afternoon we experienced a remarkable interference of Divine Providence in our favour. The pitch-kettle being placed on the firenbsp;by 'the carpenter whilft calking the decks, the man who was leftnbsp;H

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in care of it fuffered it to boil over : immediately it blazed up with furprifing fury ; he had, however, the prefence of mind to lift itnbsp;off the fire, and prevent the dreaded conflagration. Though thenbsp;caboufe was fo dry, and the forefail hanging down over it, whichnbsp;muft have inftantly communicated the flames to the rigging, throughnbsp;the goodnefs of God no harm was done, and the fire put out in annbsp;inftant. O, the wonders of his care, who hath faid, “ he thatnbsp;“ toucheth you, toucheth the apple of my eye.”

Ninety-feven days had now paffed fince we left Rio Janeiro, and except one veffel which we met with a week after our departure, we hadnbsp;not in all this time feen either fhip or fhore, and had failed, by ournbsp;log, thirteen thoufand eight hundred and twenty miles, a greaternbsp;diftance probably than was ever before run without touching at anynbsp;place for refrefliment, or feeing land. But at length, tired withnbsp;beholding only a vacant horizon, and the familiar objects the fcanbsp;daily prefented to our view, all began to look with eager expectationnbsp;of defcrying a South-Sea ifland -, which, even in the minds of thofenbsp;whofe reafon and intelligence informed them better, fancy had figurednbsp;as differing from all the lands or iflands on which they had ever fixednbsp;their eyes before. However, the time was now arrived when thisnbsp;curiofity was' to be in part gratified. About feven in the morningnbsp;Toobouai was difcovered from the fore-yard by one of the feamen,nbsp;bearing S. E. by E. eight or nine leagues off, fliewing at this diftancenbsp;like two feparate iflands, but on our near approach the low landnbsp;which connects the hills appeared. The wind at N. E. being unfavourable, we flood towards the ifland, but the fun fet before we gotnbsp;fufficiently near to difcern the natives ; neither did we fee any canoes.nbsp;The wind at this time fhifting to E. by S. we laid our courfe uponnbsp;the ftarboard tack, and failing along the weitem fide pretty near thenbsp;fliore, though in the dufk of the evening, faw that a border of Ipwnbsp;land ran from the Ikirts of the hills, and upon it abundance of cocoa-nut and other trees. The fea was breaking violently on the reefs,nbsp;efpecially to the N. E. where they extend a long way off.

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

It is now fourteen weeks fince we laft faw the land, which was Rio Janeiro, and it muft be confefled, it is very delightful to behold ;nbsp;though we were not in any want of it, neither has our voyage beennbsp;attended with any inconvenience. The Lord, in providence, hasnbsp;fupplied our neceffities in a moft wonderful manner. Blefled be God,nbsp;we have not found the want of a drop of good water to quench ournbsp;thirft, nor bread, amp;c. to fatisfy our hunger, and here we are all thenbsp;living monuments of his mercy to praife him.

The wind blew frefti from Toobouai, and the intention of our captain was not to go near this ifland; but, for the fake of fome whonbsp;were defirous of feeing it, we tacked to windward, and towardsnbsp;evening got within a few miles of it : he thought it not prudent tonbsp;land on account of the natives being prejudiced againft the Englifhnbsp;through the mutineers of the fhip Bounty, who had deftroyed nearnbsp;a hundred of them. But we truft to vifit them at fome future time,nbsp;to remove their prejudice with the glad tidings of the gofpel of peace.

A fine breeze continuing all the night, we faw no more of Toobouai.

This ifland was difcovered by Captain Cook in the year 1777; and upon it the unhappy Fletcher Chriftian, with his companions,nbsp;the mutineers of the Bounty, attempted a fettlement in 1789. Theynbsp;had with them fome of the natives of Otaheite, and live flock ofnbsp;diffèrent forts. Notwithflanding the oppofition they met with from,nbsp;the natives on their firfl arrival, they warped the fhip through thenbsp;only opening in the reef j then landing, chofe a fpot of ground,nbsp;built a fort thereon, and taking their live flock on fhore, they intended, had the natives proved friendly to their flay, to have de-flroyed the Bounty and fixed themfelves there : but their own unrulyquot;nbsp;condud; alienated the natives from them, who withheld their women, which they were ready to feize by violence : they excited thenbsp;jealoufy of the chiefs by a friendfhip formed with one of them innbsp;preference to the reft j they were difunited among themfelves, andnbsp;many longed for Otaheite : they refolved to leave Toobouai, and carrynbsp;with them all the live ftock which they had brought, the benefit of

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[’797-which the Toobouaians began to underftand, and were unwilling to fee them again all colledled and removed. This caufed the fil'dnbsp;brawl between the Otaheitean fervants, who were driving in thenbsp;hogs, and the natives. Infolence and want of gentlenefs and conciliation, led to all the bloody confequences which enfued. Thenbsp;natives were numerous, and fought with great courage, forcing thenbsp;mutineers to avail themfelves of a rifing ground, where, with theirnbsp;fuperior /kill, the advantage of fire-arms, and the aid of the Ota-heiteans, who fought bravely on this occafion, they at lad came offnbsp;vidtorious, with only one or two of themfelves wounded, whilft thenbsp;dead bodies of the Toobouaians covered the fpot, and were afterwardsnbsp;thrown up in three or four heaps. Thus finding that no peaceablenbsp;fettlement was now to be obtained in this place, they re-fhipped thenbsp;live dock, abandoned their fort, and taking their friendly chief onnbsp;board with them, weighed anchor and fleered towards Ohaitapëhanbsp;bay in the ifland of Otaheite. On their padage thither, it is faid,nbsp;Chridian became very melancholy, confining himfelf to the cabin,nbsp;and would hardly fpeak a word to any perfon ; lamenting, mod probably, that the refolutions he had formed without deliberation, andnbsp;executed with rafh hade, had now involved his own life and thofenbsp;of his adherents in mifery. As foon as they anchored in Ohaitapëhanbsp;bay at Otaheite, thofe who wifhed to day there went on fhore j butnbsp;nine of the mutineers, and alfo fome of the native men and women,nbsp;remained on board. With thefe, Chridian cutting the cable in thenbsp;night, put to fea, and deering to the N.W. has never been heard ofnbsp;fince.

Here it may be proper, before we approach the dedined idand, to notice the deps which the brethren were taking, and what newnbsp;regulations were made previous to their arrival. Near feven monthsnbsp;were elapfed fince they embarked at Bl’ackwall, during which time itnbsp;is reafonable to fuppofe, that, being clofely penned together in a diip,nbsp;they were now become well acquainted with each other’s tempersnbsp;and difpofitions, and that a fimilarity in thefe would naturally attradl

Feb.]

peculiar regard and fricndlhip. Several of the brethren having hinted to the captain which group of iflands they preferred, the feniors,nbsp;who had always declared for Otaheite, requefted that each one fhouldnbsp;be obliged, on a day appointed, to lignify in writing the place tonbsp;which he wifhed to go, and fign the fame with his name. To thisnbsp;the captain replied, that they might do fo if they pleafed j but thatnbsp;he himfelf would aél as clofely agreeable to the difcretionary inftruc-tions given by the direélors as future circumftances would allow.

By our progrefs to the eaft, the monthly prayer-meeting had been held on Tuefday morning, a quarter before feyen, to correfpond withnbsp;our brethren at home, who met on Monday evening. A fpirit ofnbsp;prayer and fupplication feemed evidently poured out upon us in behalfnbsp;of the poor heathen j every heart expanded with love, and glowednbsp;with ardent defires to proclaim falvation to them through the bloodnbsp;of the Lamb.

Having frequently difculfed the fubject of the feparation of the brethren among the three groups of iflands, the Marquefas, the Society, and Friendly Iflands ; February 27th, being the day appointed, thenbsp;fociety met, and the bufinefs of the day was opened in the ufual manner,. when there appeared for each group as in the following lift :

The above bufinefs being fettled, the captain intimated to thofe intended for Otaheite, that, as we were drawing near that ifland, itnbsp;would be proper for them to choofe their committee and prefident.nbsp;This they accordingly proceeded to do ; Mr. Jeffcrfon was electednbsp;prefident by a great majority, and Melf. Cover, Lewis, Henry, andnbsp;Broomhall, to compofe the committee. Mr. Cover was appointednbsp;fecretary and ftore-keeper, and Lewis librarian. It was then agreed,nbsp;that the prefident, fecretary, amp;c. fhould hold their office for fixnbsp;months, and that the committee ffiould go out by rotation, one everynbsp;three months. Matters being thus fettled, they began to encouragenbsp;each other to enter without fear upon their work, and by a zealousnbsp;and Ready perfeverance therein to manifefi: themfelves worthy of thenbsp;high charadlers of miffionaries.

Our paffage from Toobouai was much longer than we ex pc died, owing to variable winds from the N.W quarter and very unfettlednbsp;weather.

March iff. From two o’clock in the afternoon till four it rained exceffively hard ; more than a tun of water was caught, which gavenbsp;the miffionaries afterwards an opportunity of wafliing their linen,

March.]

and putting it in order previous to their landing. From four until feven was an interval of fair weather ; but now the clouds gatheringnbsp;thick, and wearing a gloomy afped, a moft alarming night commenced : orders were given to furl every fail except the forefail, and,nbsp;hauling it clofe, we lay to. The rain began heavier than before, accompanied, from nine till midnight, with fharp vivid lightning andnbsp;awful claps of thunder, which, on account of its nearnefs, fhooknbsp;the Duff at every clap. The rain, attended with fqualls, continuednbsp;till three in the morning; then abated. The fea was not high,nbsp;neither was the wind very violent ; neverthelefs the darknefs and con-fl i él of the elements formed a night fo truly di final, that all on board,nbsp;confcflcd they had never witnefled the like before. We therefore,nbsp;fay the milfionaries, took to the wings of faith, and fled to the Godnbsp;of our mercies ; and when we had fling an hymn, committing our-felves to the protedion of the Moft High, we retired to reft. Thenbsp;next morning we returned our folemn and grateful thanks for thenbsp;protedion of that night.

After the ftorm nothing material occurred till Saturday morning, March 4th, when we beheld the long-wiftied-for iftand of Otaheite,nbsp;but at a great diftance. At noon the extremity of the leflcr peninfulanbsp;bore from N. by W. to N. i W. twelve or fourteen leagues off: withnbsp;the wind at N.E. we ftood towards it until ten at night, thennbsp;tacked three or four miles fouth of the reefs off Atahooröo, andnbsp;ftanding off and on till daylight, fteered to go between the weft endnbsp;of the iftand and Eimëo.

The captain has mentioned in converfation what we cannot wifti ftiould be omitted, that the conflids he endured upon this near approach to the place of his deftination are not to be defcribed ; he feltnbsp;fomething of that travailing in birth which St. Paul mentions ; andnbsp;his anxiety refpeding his brethren and their reception was a burdennbsp;almoft too heavy for him to bear—happily a gracious God quicklynbsp;delivered him out of all his fears..

CHAPTER VI.

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Occurrences on landing at Otaheite, and during the firß Vifit to that

Ißand.

[Sunday, March 5, 1797.]

The morning was pleafant, and with a gentle breeze we had by feven o’clock got abreaft of the diftriót of Atahooröo, whence wenbsp;faw feveral canoes putting off and paddling towards us with great .nbsp;fpeed} at the fame time it fell calm, which being in their favour,nbsp;we foon counted feventy-four canoes around us, many of themnbsp;double ones, containing about twenty perfons each. Being fo numerous, we endeavoured to keep them from crowding on board ;nbsp;but in fpite of all our efforts to prevent it, there were foon not lefsnbsp;than one hundred of them dancing and capering like frantic perfonsnbsp;about our decks, crying, “ Tayo ! tayo!” and a few broken fen-tences of Englifh were often repeated. They had no weapons of anynbsp;kind among them •, however, to keep them in awe, fome of thenbsp;great guns were ordered to be hoifted out of the hold, whilft they,nbsp;as free from the apprehenfion as the intention of mifchief, cheerfullynbsp;aflifted to put them on their carriages. When the firft ceremoniesnbsp;were over, we began to view our new friends with an eye of inquiry : their wild diforderly behaviour, ftrong fmell of the cocoa-nut oil, together with the tricks of the arreoies, leffened the favourable opinion we had formed of them j neither could we fee aughtnbsp;of that elegance and beauty in their women for which they have beennbsp;fo greatly celebrated. This at firft feemed to depreciate them in thenbsp;eftimation of our brethren ; but the cheerfulnefs, good-nature, andnbsp;generofity of thefe kind people foon removed the momentary preju-

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dices. One very old man, Manne Manne, who called himfelf a prieft of the Eatooa, was very importunatè to be tayo with the captain ; Others, pretending to be chiefs, fingled out fuch as had the appearance of officers for their tayos ; but as they neither exercifednbsp;authority over the unruly, nor bore the fmalleft mark of diftinélion,nbsp;we thought proper to decline their propofals till we knew them andnbsp;the nature of the engagement better. At this they feemed afto-niffied, but ftill more when they faw our indifference about the hogs,nbsp;fowls, and fruit, which they had brought in abundance. We endeavoured to make them underftand, but I think in vain, that thisnbsp;was the day of the Eatooa, and that in it we durft not trade : butnbsp;their women repulfed, occafioned greater wonder. They continuednbsp;to go about the^ decks till the tranfports of their joy gradually fub-fided, when many of them left us of their own accord, and othersnbsp;were driven away by the old man, and one named Mauröa, whonbsp;now exercifed a little authority. Thofe who remained were chieflynbsp;arreoies from Ulietea, in number about forty ; and being brought tonbsp;order, the brethren propofed having divine fervice upon the quarterdeck. Mr. Cover officiated ; he perhaps was the firft that ever mentioned with reverence the Saviour’s name to thefe poor heathens.nbsp;Such hymns were feleéted as' had thé moft harmonious tunes ; firft,nbsp;“ O’er the gloomy hills of darknefs;” then, “ Blow ye the trum-“ pet, blow j” and at the conclufion, “ Praife God from whom allnbsp;‘‘ bleffings flow.” The text was from the firft epiftle general of John,nbsp;chap. iii. ver. 23. “ God is love.” The whole fervice lafted aboutnbsp;an hour and a quarter. During fermon and prayer the natives werenbsp;quiet and thoughtful ; but when the finging ftruck up, they feemednbsp;charmed and filled-with amazement; fometimes they would talknbsp;and laugh, but a nod of the head brought them to order. Upon thenbsp;whole, their unweariednefs and quietnefs were aftoniftiing j and,nbsp;indeed, all who heard obferved a peculiar folemnity and excellencenbsp;in Mr. Cover’s addrefs on that day.

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We had hitherto received very unfatisfadlory anfwers to our inquiries after the Matilda’s crew ; but at laft faw two of them coming in a canoe : thefe were Swedes, drefled in the teboöta andnbsp;märo as the natives, and tattowed alfo about the legs and arms :nbsp;having got on board they were called into the cabin, and gave thenbsp;following account of themfclves :—The youngch, named Andrewnbsp;Cornelius Lind, about thirty years of age, a native of Stockholm,nbsp;faid, that after the lofs of the Matilda they took to the boats, andnbsp;bearing down towards Otaheite, landed on the 6th of March 1792,nbsp;on the fouth fide of the ifland ; they were immediately plunderednbsp;of all they had, but afterwards treated kindly by the natives. Sincenbsp;that, the captain and moft of the crew had gone homeward by different methods : fix of them decked one of their boats, and fet offnbsp;towards New Holland ; but it was improbable they would evernbsp;reach thither. The other, whofe name is Peter Haggerfiein, agednbsp;forty, a native of Elfinfors in Swedifii Finland, was left here bynbsp;Captain New of the Dædalus. They both fpoke tolerably goodnbsp;Englifli, and being well acquainted with the Otaheitean tongue, wenbsp;entertained a hope that they would prove of great fervice.

From them we learnt, that the old man who was fo felicitous to have the captain for a tayo, had formerly been king of Ulietëa, wasnbsp;a near relation of the royal family, and of confiderable confequencenbsp;in the iflands, being chief priefi over Otaheite and Eimëo. Uponnbsp;this, Männe Manne was invited into the cabin and treated kindly.nbsp;He now redoubled his importunities to gain the captain for hisnbsp;friend, who defired him to wait till to-morrow, when he would con-fider of it. The Swedes further informed us, that the former Otoonbsp;had transferred his name and tile of Eâree rähie (or king) to his fon,nbsp;and had now affumed the name of Pomarre ; that in a conteff about,nbsp;twenty months ago with Temärre, the chief of all the fouth fide ofnbsp;the greater peninfula, Pomarre’s party prevailed, and fubjeëted hisnbsp;adverfary to a ftatc of dependance, and foon after Tiaraböo was con-

March.]

quered j and thus the whole ifland became fubjedl to him, or father to his fon Otoo, and has remained fo ever fince. Motuara, the chiefnbsp;of Eimëo, being dead, Pomarre laid claim to the government of thatnbsp;ifland ; and having only the widow of the deceafed to contend with,nbsp;was, afterafew fkirmifhes, acknowledged as chief, or king. Thusnbsp;was the power of Pomarre and his fon Otoo fo greatly increafed,nbsp;that none dared any longer to difpute their authority.

6th. About thirty of the natives, chiefly arreoies, intending to go to Matavâi, remained on board all the night, and part of the followingnbsp;day, till we anchored in the bay ; as did the two Swedes ; and fleptnbsp;on the deck. The miffionaries watched; all perfectly quiet. Atnbsp;daybreak the old prieft awoke, and being impatient to fecure thenbsp;tayofliip with the captain, awoke him alfo. There was now nonbsp;refufing him any longer, as even good policy was on his fide; therefore they exchanged names, and Männe Manne, wrapping a longnbsp;piece of cloth around the captain, and putting a teböota over hisnbsp;head, requefted for himfelf a mufket, fome fhot and gunpowder :nbsp;but being told that none of thefe were to fpare, and that he fhould benbsp;amply repaid for what friendly offices he might do us, he feemednbsp;fatisfied. AU the forenoon was employed in working up withoutnbsp;the reefs of Oparre ; but gaining little ground, at one P. M. we camenbsp;to anchor in Matavâi bay. Point Venus bearing N. E. by E. andnbsp;One Tree hill S. i W. diffant from the beach about three quarters ofnbsp;a mile. We had not been long at anchor, when all the arreoies, bothnbsp;men and women, fprung into the water and fwam to the fhore»nbsp;their place, however, was foon fupplied by others, who furroundednbsp;the fliip with hogs, fruit, and other articles : of thefe we took anbsp;little for prefent ufe; but the old prieft having promifed to fupplynbsp;all our wants by next morning, confequently little was done in thenbsp;trading way.

Almoft the whole afternoon it rained hard till near four o’clock, 'when we had fome intervals of fair weather; then the captain,nbsp;Männe Manne, the two Swedes, with brother Cover, Henry, and

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a few more of the miffionaries, went on fhore in order to examine a large houfe ftanding on the extremity of Point Venus. They callednbsp;it E Fwhârre no Pntane (the Britilh Houfe), and faid it had beennbsp;built by Pomärre for Captain Bligh, who had faid he fhould comenbsp;back and refide there. It is a large and fpacious building of annbsp;oblong figure, one hundred and eight feet long and forty-eight wide.nbsp;In the middle are four large wooden pillars about eighteen feethigh, on which the ridge-tree is fupported. About three feet withinnbsp;the fides ftand pillars all round, about nine feet long, and fix feetnbsp;diftant from each other. On the top of thefe a plank is let down,nbsp;which runs round the whole houfe j from thence to the ridge largenbsp;poles are fet up, and handfomely bound round with fine mattingnbsp;about eighteen inches afunder : on this the thatch is laid, of palm-tree leaves moft beautifully worked. About one foot from thefe pillars, on the outfide, runs a Ikreen of bamboo all round, exceptnbsp;about twenty feet in the middle on both fides.—Thus hath the Lordnbsp;appeared to fet before us an open door, which we truft none Ihallnbsp;henceforth be able to fhut.

The chief of the diftriót (an old man named Pytëah) welcomed them to the ifland, faid that the houfe was theirs, and fhould benbsp;cleared for their reception the next day. He then fhewed them thenbsp;picture of Captain Cook, upon the back of which were written thenbsp;names of his Majefty’s fhips and their commanders who had vifitednbsp;Matavai fince that great navigator’s time. The natives on fhorenbsp;feemed tranfported with the idea of men coming purpofely from Pre-tane to fettle among them : this fet thofe miffionaries off who werenbsp;to fix here, in very high fpirits.

•jth. Männe Manne was as good as his word, coming early alongfide with three hogs, fome fowls, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, andnbsp;a quantity of their cloth j the whole intended as a prefent for hisnbsp;tayo, the captain. He made a long oration, defcriptive of all the fhipsnbsp;and captains which had touched at Otaheite, with the names of thenbsp;gods of Ulietëa j but faid, that Otaheite had none but from him,.

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acknowledging the Britifh God to be the heft, and that he fhould requeft Otoo to worfhip him, and to order the people to do the fame.

Soon after Peter the Swede arrived from a diftant part of the ifland with more fruit, and a remarkably large hog, the two fides of which,nbsp;exclufive of the head and entrails, weighed three hundred and fortynbsp;pounds } it had on each fide of its mouth two large tufks ; for ufe itnbsp;was far too fat for us, and as many fmall pigs were brought in thenbsp;courfe of the day, but little of it was eaten.

Männe Manne, the aged high-prieft, had brought five of his wives with him on board, not one of which exceeded fifteen yearsnbsp;old, and defired he might fleep in the cabin j and, according to thenbsp;cuftom of the country, very cordially defired Captain Wilfon, hisnbsp;tayo, to take his choice, and could hardly perfuade himfelf he wasnbsp;ferious in declining the offer ; nor failed the next morning to inquirenbsp;of them which he had chofen. This brought on a converfation onnbsp;the nature of their cuftoms j the captain explained to the old prieft,nbsp;how little fuch a ftate of polygamy was fuited to happinefs j thatnbsp;no woman could be either fo attached, faithful, affedlionate, ornbsp;careful to promote domeftic felicity, as where the heart was fixednbsp;on one objedt without a rival. The old prieft did not at all relifh thisnbsp;dodtrine, and faid, fuch was not the cuftom of Otaheitej but thenbsp;ladies highly approved, and faid the Pritane cuftom was my ty,nbsp;my ty, very good.

Männe Manne was now very defirous for us to go to Eimëo with the fhip, and there land the miffionaries under his’protedlion, makingnbsp;ufe of all his rhetoric to perfuade the captain, and bringing thenbsp;two Swedes, whom he feems to have much under his command, tonbsp;prove that Pomärre never adted honourably by the Englifli, or anynbsp;other, after he had done with their fervices ; that themfelves hadnbsp;affifted him in his wars, had been the principal inftruments of hisnbsp;fuccefs J but, fince his turn was ferved, he would hardly give themnbsp;a fmall hog. This, and all they urged, might have gained creditnbsp;with us, as all the late voyagers have related incidents which mark

this chief’s charaéler with fclfilhncfs ; but, on the other fide, it might be inferred, that thefe Swedes, after they had lent their af-fiflance, might be unreafonable, and even infolent in their demands, and by fuch conduél render it neceflary for Pomärre to treatnbsp;them with bare civility only. Therefore, concluding them prejudiced, and the old prieft only arguing from views of intereft, itnbsp;was refolved, that as Otaheite was the moR eligible ill and, the fet-tlement fhould firft be made there ; and the friendfhip and protectionnbsp;of Pomärre and his fon Otoo be courted by kind nefs and attachmentnbsp;to his intereft, to be exprelTed and ftiewn on every occafion ; butnbsp;never to take any part in their wars, except as mediators.—In the interval of fair weather, betwixt daybreak and eight o’clock, we pur-chafed a few things from the canoes along fide, merely to pleafe them ;nbsp;for the liberality of our friends had left us no other plea.

The rain beginning again as violent as before, prevented the mif-fionaries landing till near eleven in the forenoon ; when the captain, Mr. Jefferfon (prefident), with a few more of the miflionaries, wentnbsp;on fliore, accompanied by Männe Manne and Peter. The nativesnbsp;had alTembled upon the beach to the number of four or five hundred, and as the boat approached fome ran into, the water, and laying hold of her hauled her aground ; then took the captain andnbsp;miflionaries on their backs, and carried them dry on fliore. Theynbsp;were received by-the young king (Otoo) and his wife Tëtua, bothnbsp;carried on men’s flioulders ; each took the captain by the hand, andnbsp;in dumb filence furveyed him attentively, looking in his face andnbsp;minutely examining every part of his drefs : they beheld the brethrennbsp;alfo with much the fame curiofity^ The queen opened Mr. Cover’snbsp;fliirt at the breaft and fleeves, and feemed aftonilhed at fo clear anbsp;fight of the blue veins. That this fliould be the cafe now, after fonbsp;many vifits from Europeans, may furprife fome -, but let fuch con-fider, that though the oldeft and the middle-aged have been fully gratified in thefe refpeds, the young ones have as yet feen very little ;nbsp;for there could be but fmall difterence between themfelves and the

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dark complexions of the naked fliipwrecked failors who had lately-taken refuge amongft them.

The captain now informed the king, through Peter as interpreter, that our only inducement for leaving Prëtane to come and vifit them was to do them good, by inflrucling them in the beftnbsp;and moft ufeful things ; and for this end, fome good men ofnbsp;our number intended to fettle among -them j requiring, on theirnbsp;part, the free gift of a piece of land fufficiently flocked with breadfruit and cocoa-nut trees, and fo large as to contain a garden andnbsp;admit of houfes being built upon it ; that this land fhould be theirnbsp;own ; that they would not, on any account, intermeddle in theirnbsp;wars, nor employ their arms but for felf-defence j and at all timesnbsp;Ihould live free and unmolefted among them : to which if he con-fented, they would ftay on the ifland ; if not, they would gonbsp;elfewhere. Much pains were taken to make this plain ; but as Otoonbsp;appears to be a vacant-looking perfon, I doubt whether he under-ftood the half of it, though he lignified the large houfe was oui*nbsp;own, and we might take what land we pleafed.

After this, Männe Manne flood up in the middle of the ring, and made a long fpeech, palling many encomiums on Prëtane. Whennbsp;all was over, the king, ft ill holding the captain by the hand, led himnbsp;to the houfe, thence to the beach, and fo on ; till, tired, he requeftednbsp;to return on board. When arrived at the boat, Otoo delired to hearnbsp;the mulkets fired, and, to gratify him, the four they had were discharged twice ; with which compliment he feemed highly pleafed.

After dinner Otoo and his wife came off”, each in a fmall canoe, with only one man paddling : whilft they went feveral times roundnbsp;the fhip, the queen was frequently baling her canoe with a cocoa-nutnbsp;lhell. This may help to form an idea of what a queen is in Otaheite.nbsp;They would not venture on board, becaufe wherefoever they come isnbsp;deemed facred, none daring to enter there afterwards except theirnbsp;proper domeftics.

[^797-

He appears tall and well made, about feventeen ; his queen handfome and finely proportioned, about the fame age, and always carried about,nbsp;on fiiore, on men’s fhoulders. The king appears thoughtful, fpeaksnbsp;little, but furveys things with attention. The milfionaries fuppofednbsp;fomething majeftic in his appearance, but the captain thought himnbsp;ftupid, and to difcover little capacity. As he paddled round the fliipnbsp;he was offered the compliment of firing the great guns, but he beggednbsp;us not, as he was afraid, and the noife would hurt his ears.

Knowing there were women and children on board, they expreffed a wifli to fee them, and when they walked to the fhip’s fide to fliewnbsp;themfelves, they fet up a cry of admiration and wonder. The fkynbsp;darkening, they made towards fhore. We had loofed our fails tonbsp;dry, and before we could furl them there came on fuddenly a fmartnbsp;fquall from the N. E. attended with heavy rain, lightning, andnbsp;thunder ; while it lafted, the fhip drove about a cable’s length, fromnbsp;thirteen fathoms into ten.

At a meeting of the committee it was refolved, that, as the houfe was now clear, they fhould land this evening, in order to prepare fornbsp;the reception of the women ; but the rain continuing, prevented.

8th. It rained hard all the morning till about nine o’clock, when it cleared up, and the miffionaries went on fliore with their chefts andnbsp;beds, and took poffeffion of their houfe. By the captain’s defire, “ I,”nbsp;fays Mr. Wm. Wilfon, “ followed to affift them in planning theirnbsp;“ feparate apartments. A vaft concourfe of the natives had gatherednbsp;“ on the beach, watching who fiiould land in the pinnace ; amongnbsp;“ them were Otoo and his wife, carried upon men’s fhoulders, as onnbsp;“ the preceding day. This, I underftand, is always the cuftomnbsp;“ when they go beyond the precindls of their dwelling. The queennbsp;“ ufed the fame freedoms with me as fhe had done the day beforenbsp;“ with Mr. Cover, and, when gratified, put my fliirt neck andnbsp;“ fleeves again in order. With one holding each hand, I was lednbsp;“ about for a confiderable time, and might perhaps have been fo

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“ moft of the day, had I not intimated that I had bufinefs to do “ within the houfe. He immediately walked with me to the door,nbsp;‘ ‘ but would not enter, becaufe the houfe would then become facrednbsp;“ to himfelf.

“ However, before he let me go, he introduced a woman named “ Whyerïdde, the filler of Iddeah, and alfo Wife of Pomarre : hernbsp;“ Otoo wilhed me to take as a tayo. A'nd confidering that I wasnbsp;“ but a tranfient vifitor, who knew not how far a refufal mightnbsp;“ difoblige him, I confented to exchange names, and was imme-“ diately wrapped in cloth j befides, in the courfe of the day, feveralnbsp;“ hogs, both alive and ready drelTed, were fent me as prefents.”

The firft thing we fet about with the houfe was to clofe it quite round with the thicker fort of bamboo, fixing a door on each fide, andnbsp;by this means to keep the natives from crowding fo much upon us.nbsp;The fev'eral births or apàrtments were next planned, and partitions ofnbsp;fmaller bamboo begun j but in confequence of the great di ft a nee thenbsp;natives had to gó up the valley for thefe bamboos, the work wentnbsp;but flowly on ; though one man ftripped his own houfe to fupplynbsp;us. In the arrangement, the married people had a part of one fidenbsp;to themfelves, and the fingle men the other fide : all thefe apartmentsnbsp;were at one end, and chofen by lot. Next to them were marked outnbsp;a ft orc-room, library, and a place for the doftor and his medicines.nbsp;To enclofe the whole, a partition went from fide to fide, with twonbsp;lock doors. The remaining fpace was left for a chapel, and into itnbsp;the outer doors opened.

Several of the arreoies of Ulietëa having arrived here about the fame time as we did with the lliip, they with théir hëivas made much thenbsp;fame ftir in Matavai as a company of ftrolling players often do in thenbsp;fmall villages of our own country. Probably the hopes of pleafingnbsp;the Englilli ftrangers was alfo a fpur to their exertion, for either innbsp;our fight or our hearing they were engaged the whole day in fomenbsp;fport or other. In the afternoon they colledled in great numbersnbsp;before the door of our houfe, and began a kind of box-fighting or

wreftling. Firft forming a ring, within it Rood about a dozen of the ftouteft fellows, with their backs to the crowd and faces towards eachnbsp;other. Then the game began with an aâ of defiance or challenge,nbsp;made by beating heavy ftrokes with the flat hand upon the left armnbsp;above the elbow, where this part was quite black with the repeatednbsp;ftrokes it had received. At laft one fteps forward to the centre ofnbsp;the circle j another, who thinks himfelf an equal match, advancesnbsp;to meet him ; fometimes only a fmart blow or two enfues before theynbsp;fall back again into their places. At another time, after advancingnbsp;and gazing at each other for a while, one will fuddenly plump thenbsp;top of his head into the face of his opponent, and this caufing himnbsp;to retire in the dumps, fets all the crowd a-laughing. The worft ofnbsp;the game is, when one gets an advantageous hold of his adverfary :nbsp;a fevere wreftling then takes place, and it is only at the expenfe ofnbsp;-flrength, and blood, and hair, that they will fubmit to be parted.

Männe Manne fent us in three hogs ready drefled for dinner, with baked bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, amp;c. He laid them on a large piecenbsp;of cloth, and invited us to fall to, but not before we had called uponnbsp;God to biefs it. We found it very good, though we had yet neithernbsp;dilh, fpoon, knife, fork, table, nor chair. Innumerable prefentsnbsp;came in from the various chiefs who were courting our friendfliip ;nbsp;and we were all drelTed in Otaheite cloth.

During the day the houfe was crowded with natives, which made it prudent to keep a guard over our property, though there appearednbsp;no defign nor attempt at depredation. At the approach of evening wenbsp;commanded filence ; and, having fung an hymn, Mr. Jelferfonnbsp;offered up prayer to our Lord : during the fervice the natives behavednbsp;very orderly and attentive. At night we requefled them to retire,nbsp;and return in the morning, which they did in the moft peaceablenbsp;manner, and we received not the leaft difturbance from them. Wenbsp;then held' our ufual daily family worfhip ; and, having flipped onnbsp;the plenty of provifions which remained, we retired to reft, admiringnbsp;the wondrous providence of our God. Lord, thou haft been better

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to us than all our fears ; grant us firmer faith in thy care, that we may be able to truft thee more in a future day !

How gracioufly has the Lord difplayed his arm for us fince leaving our native ftiores, in traverfinga tracklefs ocean, and opening a doornbsp;in thefe heathen lands, we truft, to diffufe his everlafting gofpel here.nbsp;May the'Lord make us burning and fliining lights !

The king held all our hands, and ftiook them, as did the queen, examining our clothes very minutely, and took particular notice ofnbsp;Mr. Lewis’s umbrella, which, on his expanding it to fhew its ufe,nbsp;they both made figns not to lift it over their heads, left it fliould,nbsp;according to their cuftoms, become thereby facred to their own ufe.nbsp;Their attention to us is fingularly engaging.

9th. This morning the natives came to our houfe before feven o’clock, made a fire, boiled our water, and prepared the bread-fruitnbsp;and cocoa-nuts. The king and queen vifited us feveral times in thenbsp;courfe of the day.

This morning alfo Inna Madua, the widow of Oreepïah (brother to Pomarre), lately deceafed, paid us a vifit, accompanied by twonbsp;chief women. Oreepïah was much attached to the Englifti\; ,and hisnbsp;widow, fuppofing us forry for his lofs, on entering the cabin burftnbsp;into tears, and continued this expreflion of grief till we all fympa-thized with her. However, this did not laft long j for they foonnbsp;became cheerful, breakfafted, and dined on board, as did Männenbsp;Manne, and towards evening they all went on fliore ; but as no fuit-able prefents were yet got Out of the hold, they were defired to renewnbsp;their vifit the next day, when fome things ftiould be in readinefsnbsp;for them. Thefe, with the tayos of the crew and miflionaries, fillednbsp;all parts of the ftiip with hogs, fruit, and cloth.

Otoo paddled round the ftiip in his canoe, as he had done the day before, and calling out for fomething to eat, the captain fent him,nbsp;in one of our difnes, half of a roaft pig, and fome bifeuit, with whichnbsp;he fet off for the ftiore, feemingly much pleal'ed.

K z

The bufinefs of the houfe did not go on to-day with much alacrity, owing to the natives flackening in their officioufuels, fo that we gotnbsp;but few bamboos ; however, in the afternoon fome were difpatched,nbsp;taking 'quot;my word, as an eäree of the pahie (an officer of the ffiip),nbsp;that they ffiould be rewarded for their trouble j accordingly in thenbsp;evening we had as many brought to the houfe as would keep usnbsp;employed all the following day. As on board, fo at the houfe,nbsp;numberlefs prefents were,brought, confifting of live hogs, cocoa-nuts,nbsp;bread-fruit, and cloth, which are their Raple articles j and befidesnbsp;thefe, more ready-dreffed meat was brought than the brethren andnbsp;the natives employed could confume. But in the midft of this pro-fufion, fome were apprehenfive of its being followed with inconvenience and embarraffments, and therefore wholly difapproved ofnbsp;making tayos fo foon.

Whilft the bufinefs was going on affiore, the crew were employed in weighing the anchor, warping farther up the bay, and mooringnbsp;the fhip with the two bowers. Peter, the Swede, alfo brought hisnbsp;canoe, and fuch things as the miffionaries firfl: wanted wpre difpatchednbsp;on Ihore. Thermometer

10th. The wind eafterly, moderate and pleafant weather. The people employed hoifting out of the hold and fending fundries afhorenbsp;on account of the miffion.

To-day the captain landed for the purpofe of prefenting fome fhewy dreflTes to the young king and his wife. They met him at the beachnbsp;as ufual. Peter informed him of what was intended, and, fhewingnbsp;him the box wjaich contained the treafure, defired Otoo to walk towardsnbsp;his houfe, a temporary fhed they had ereded for the purpofe of beingnbsp;near our people. This was complied with ; and when they camenbsp;near, the captain, flopping under a tree, ordered them to form a ring,nbsp;and placing the box in the midfl:, Otoo was requefted to alight, thatnbsp;the brethren might drefs him; he replied. By and by, and gazed ful-lenly for a confiderable time, till the patience of the captain was pretty

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well exhaufted ; repeating the requeft and receiving no anfwer, they opened the box, and on taking out the drefs for the queen, fhe inftantlynbsp;alighted from the man’s fhoulder, and Otoo followed her example. Thenbsp;fancy cap fitted her exceedingly well, and fhe feemed very proud of it,nbsp;but it was only by unripping that the other articles could be put uponnbsp;her or Otoo. The captain told him that the earees of Prëtane thoughtnbsp;he was not yet fo flout a man. Dreffed complete in this gaudy attire,nbsp;the furrounding crowd gazed upon them with admiration. She, truenbsp;to the foibles of her fex, appeared delighted, but Otoo thought littlenbsp;of them, faying an ax, a mufket, a knife, or pair of feiffars werenbsp;more valuable : which was faying more for himfelf than we ex-peded, or that he had even fenfe to do.

Juft as the ceremony was ended, Männe Manne appeared before the houfe, and calling the captain to him, clothed him in a ’Taheiteannbsp;drefs, putting an elegant breaft-plate over all. They then walkednbsp;towards the Britifh houfe, where they found the work going on verynbsp;well ; and it being paft noon, the old prieft accompanied the captainnbsp;on board to dinner.

11 th. The crew employed in fending fundries on fhore on account of the miftion. At the houfe they were very bufy fitting up thenbsp;apartments for the women, whom it was intended to land in thenbsp;afternoon. The brethren had informed the natives, that next daynbsp;being the day of the Eätooa, no work would be done, nor any thingnbsp;received; therefore, on this account, they brought what provifionsnbsp;might ferve till Monday, but were in reality fufficient to laft a week.

After dinner the pinnace was manned for the women and children, and by the captain’s defire I accompanied them on fhore. Vaft numbers of the natives crowded to the beach to gratify their curiofity, allnbsp;behaving with great refpedt and very peaceable. Otoo and his wifenbsp;kept for a while at a little diftance, feemingly in doubt whether henbsp;fliould approach the women ; but thinking it proper to falute him,nbsp;he was a little encouraged : however, he ftill kept file nee, and all thenbsp;way as we walked to the houfe, gazed ftupidly, like another Cymon.

a

E’797* The houfc was furrounded all the afternoon by the natives, whonbsp;were much delighted with the two children, and fent often for themnbsp;and the women to Iliew themfelves at the door. In the dulk of thenbsp;evening they all retired ; and this, the brethren remark, they havenbsp;uniformly done fince they hr ft landed. Orders being likewife givennbsp;at the fllip for none of their canoes to come near on the Sunday, theynbsp;fupplied us in the fame plentiful manner as they had done the mif-lionaries.

As Männe Manne had already diftinguifhed himfelf as a very ufeful man, befides bringing feveral hogs, fruit, amp;c. the captain,nbsp;to recompenfe him in part, made him a handfome prefent, leavingnbsp;it to himfelf to enumerate the articles which he moft needed ; to donbsp;this he was at no lofs, having great prefence of m«rd on fuch occafions;nbsp;therefore he run off a long lift of things which he wanted for a fmalinbsp;fchooner which he was buildin tr at Eimëo j of thefe fuch as we hadnbsp;to fpare were given to him.

As yet we have had no reafon to complain of any improper behaviour in the Otaheiteans, men or women. Neither have we loft a Anglenbsp;article to our knowledge, though many have unavoidably been muchnbsp;expofed.

The goodnefs and love of God to us fliould be graven on the tables of our hearts. After prayer the brethren retired to reft.

Before the Otaheiteans departed they were informed no work would be done the next day, and they afked if it would be more devoted tonbsp;prayer than the other days, and were told it would.

The Sunday paffed very quietly, not one canoe coming near the fhip ; and on fhore no interruption was attempted, the natives, withnbsp;the king and queen, attending, and conducing themfelves in peacenbsp;and good order. A difcuflion took place among the brethren concerning the propriety of fpeaking to the natives upon the importantnbsp;fubjea of their miflion, when it was agreed that the prefidentnbsp;(Mr. Jefferfon) Ihould addrefs them through the medium of Andrewnbsp;fhe Swede as interpreter. Accordingly, at three o’clock in the af-

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

ternoon, they met for this purpofe, feveral of the natives being pre-fent both within and without the houfe j and as foon as Andrew interpreted the firft fentence, finding the difcourfe directed to them,nbsp;they placed themfelves in attentive poftures. When they underftoodnbsp;a little of what was faid, they put very pertinent qucftions ; amongnbsp;others, doubting whether we would beftow aught that could benbsp;efteemed a benefit equally on all. They alked, whether the mef-fage of the Britifh God was to the toûtous as well as to the king andnbsp;chiefs.? They were anfwered in the affirmative ; and further, Mr.nbsp;Jefïèrfon, pointing to his brethren, told them that they were thenbsp;meflengers of the only true God j and that though all men had offended him, he was, notwithftanding, a merciful God ; conferringnbsp;on thofe who believed his word great bleflings in this life, and afternbsp;death took them t(^a ftate of eternal happinefs. Otoo was prefent,nbsp;but, according to human judgment, his ftubborn, unteachable nature feems to be the laft that any impreffion can be made upon. Wenbsp;retired to reft, thankful for the occurrences of the day, and for thenbsp;promifing profpeóls before us through the providence of our God.

13th. Wind eafterly, and pleafant weather. The crew employed in hoifting up goods, and fending various articles on ftiore on accountnbsp;of the miffion ; two of the brethren from each party dividing a largenbsp;cheft of books.

The natives had perfedly underftood that the prohibition was but for yefterday, for early in the morning feveral canoes were alongfide,nbsp;and in one of them, with our conftant friend Männe Manne, camenbsp;feveral chiefs and their wives ; but the principal perfon to be introduced at this time was the father of Pomärre, Otëw, formerlynbsp;Whäppai, who is a very venerable looking man, aged about feventy,nbsp;his head covered with gray hairs, and his chin with a remarkablenbsp;white beard: his name had once been Otooj but, on the birthnbsp;of his fon, in compliance with the general cuftom, he changednbsp;it to Otëw. As ufual, he prefented the captain with a piece of clothnbsp;and a pig, receiving in return, and on account of his rank, two

axes, four pair of fciffars, and four knives, two looking-glaflcs and two old Iliirts, which was all’he alked for; and it appears thatnbsp;their requefts always include the utmoft bounds of their expectation;nbsp;fo that to add aught more is quite fuperfluous and unnecelfary.nbsp;When breakfaft was ready, molt of our vifitors went upon deck,nbsp;feemingly through a fenfe of good manners and a fear of offending,nbsp;which we may fuppofe them to have learnt from former vifitors,nbsp;who, for their own fakes, might have taught them thus much ; fornbsp;it certainly would be very uncomfortable to have them crowding atnbsp;meals continually : but Männe Manne had no fcruples, and, as ifnbsp;confcious of a right, placed himfelf next his tayo at table, andnbsp;being exceedingly fond of the tea and our bread and butter, playednbsp;rather an epicurean part. In the forenoon Otoo and the queen fentnbsp;off to beg leave of the captain to fend him their prefents ; to whichnbsp;ceremonial an anfwer was made in the affirmative ; and in confe-quence thereof we had them prefently alongfide : the king’s confided of thirteen live hogs, and three ready dreffed ; the queen’s wasnbsp;one dreffed, fix alive, and a bale of cloth; themfelves followed in a largenbsp;double canoe, accompanied by Otoo’s younger brother, now prince ofnbsp;Tiaraboo. They would not come on board, but exprefled a wifli fornbsp;a great gun to be fired ; and, to gratify them, two were caff loofe :nbsp;Männe Manne took the match, and though almoft blind wi h age,nbsp;he boldly fired them off; with which aCt of his own courage henbsp;was highly tranfported. Their flay was fhort ; for after they hadnbsp;paddled twice or thrice round the fhip, they returned to the fhore.

About four in the afternoon Pomärre and his wife Iddeah, having juft arrived from Tiaraböo, paid their firft vifit at the fhip ; befidesnbsp;his ufual attendants a number of others had put themfelves in hisnbsp;train. When alongfide he refufed to come farther till the captainnbsp;fhewed himfelf ; this bein^ done, he immediately afcended the fide,nbsp;and coming on to the quarter-deck, wrapped four pieces of clothnbsp;round the captain as his own prefent ; then taking that off, repeatednbsp;the operation with the like quantity in the name of Iddeah. While

he was doing this, I thought joy evident in his countenance, and Was glad to find in him a pidlure of good-nature very different fromnbsp;the morofe figure which reprefents him in fome editions of Cook’snbsp;voyages ; and could not help thinking that his prefence, which wenbsp;now enjoyed, would afford pleafure to thoufands in refined Europe,nbsp;who have heard fo much of the hofpitality and favour this princenbsp;of favages has always fhewn to his vifitors.

The firft ceremonies over, he told the captain that he would fend provifions and whatever we had occafion for while we ftaid at Ota-heite. When feated in the cabin, he expreffed his regard for thenbsp;Englifh, and called King George his friend. On this the interpreternbsp;was defired to inform him, that King George loved him, and thatnbsp;the eärees of Prêtai^ did the fame; and that out of regard for himnbsp;and his people, they had fent this fhip with fome of the heft men,nbsp;purpofely to do them good j and then defired to know, whether henbsp;was pleafed that part of our number flrould refide on his ifland. Henbsp;immediately anfwered in the affirmative. A piece of land for theirnbsp;ufe was next mentioned to him ; to -which, after a few words withnbsp;his privy counfellor Iddeah, he anfwered, that the whole diftridtnbsp;of Mataväi fhould be given to the Englifh, to do with it whatnbsp;they pleafed; obferving, that Pytëah, the prefent chief of the dif-tridl, was a good old man ; that it would be for the benefit of ournbsp;people to permit him to hold his refidence near to their dwelling-houfe ; and that he, according to orders which fhould be given him,nbsp;would enforce obedience from the natives, and oblige them to bringnbsp;whatever the Englifh wanted of the produce of the diftridl.

Thefe moft important matters to us being fettled, as far as they could be for the prefent, the chief thought it was time to inquirenbsp;after entertainments ; and firft fky-rockets, next the violin and dancing,nbsp;and laftly the bagpipe, which he humoroufly defcribed by putting anbsp;bundle of cloth under his arm, and twifting his body like a Highlandnbsp;piper. When we told them that we had none of thefe, they feemednbsp;rather dejeóled; therefore, to revive them, a few tunes were played

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[1797*

upon the German flute by Mr. Bowell and one of the feamen, though it plainly appeared that more lively mufic would have pleafed them better.

Pomärre intimating a wifli to fleep on board, it was granted i he then allied leave for his wife and fervant, which was alfo compliednbsp;with. It may be proper to remark here, that Iddeah, though ftillnbsp;confidered as the wife of Pomärre, has not for a confiderable timenbsp;cohabited with him, but with one of her toütous (or fervants), bynbsp;v/hom fhe has had one child, and is again pregnant ; her youngernbsp;After, Why’reëde, next cohabited with the chief, but left himnbsp;through diflike for one of far inferior rank j and his prefent wife isnbsp;a very ftout young woman, but of what condition we could notnbsp;learn. However, it is evidently clear,* that they hefltate little aboutnbsp;mixing with the lower orders of the people j but if iffue fhould benbsp;the confequence of thefe connexions, it is rarely the pride of ranknbsp;fuffers the poor infants to live an hour after they are born. At fup-per the chief devoured a whole fowl, with the addition of about twonbsp;pounds of pork, and drank proportionally.

At the houfe all was peace and quietnefs with the natives, and nothing particular is noticed in the miflionary journal, except a fewnbsp;expreflions of difiatisfadlion concerning their brethren leaving them tonbsp;go to the Friendly Iflands.

To-day received as prefents twenty-two live hogs ,and five ready dreflêd» 14th. This morning Männe Manne and feveral others came oi|nbsp;board, all behaving refpedfully to Pomärre. The captain, in ordernbsp;to cultivate his friendfhip, made him a prefent of an excellent fingle-cafed metal watch, with which he was very much pleafed ; obferving,nbsp;that none before ever made him a prefent of the kind. As we knewnbsp;him quite ignorant how to manage a watch, Peter (the Swede)' wasnbsp;directed to wind it up for him every day. Thermometer 76'’. Pomärre,.nbsp;his young wife, Iddeah, and the old prieft, breakfafted and dined withnbsp;us. The tea juft fuited their tafte ; and at dinner the two chiefsnbsp;drank of the wine eagerly. The captain fhewing fome unwillingnefsnbsp;to indulge Manne Manne to a greater degree, he anfwercd to the

March.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;75

following purport ;—that as he was going on fhore to facrifice a man to the Eatooa, he took it to raife his courage. Expreffing our abhorrence of fo cruel a defign, he became filent ; and his friend Peter defired him never to mention any thing of the kind to us.

By a letter from Mr. JeflTerfon (the prefident), it appears that the apprehenfions of thofe on fiiore, both for their perfons and property,nbsp;are much increafed j alfo their fufpicions of the profefled friendfhipnbsp;of the natives, who, they hear, have formed the defign of rufhingnbsp;upon them and taking all away ; in confequence of which they urgenbsp;the neceflity of the whole body fettling at this place. But for fuchnbsp;fufpicions there does not appear the lhadow of fear; nothing can benbsp;more peaceful, kind, and fubmilfive, than the natives, alfifting themnbsp;readily in all their preparations. Pomârre and Iddeah, in the afternoon, vifited the »houfe, and viewed the improvements made withnbsp;wonder and delight. They partook of a difh. of tea with us ; onenbsp;of his attendants poured the tea from the cup to the faucer, and thennbsp;held it to his mouth : this is the way at every meal ; his dignitynbsp;will not permit him to feed himfelf. When he had finiflied, henbsp;requefted the faucer might be kept for his future ufe, and that nonbsp;woman might be permitted to touch it. We were furprifed to fee fonbsp;ftout a man, perhaps the largefi; in the whole ifland, fed like anbsp;cuckoo.

15th. Moderate breezes and pleafant weather ; employed on board hoifting up goods, and landing them on account of the milfion.nbsp;Received ten butts of water by fwimming them off. Thermometer 76’.

On fliore the brethren were bufied making a faw-pit, and fitting up their apartments. Among the remarks of this day they fay,nbsp;“ Several Otaheiteans vifited us as ufual, continuing to bring hogs,nbsp;“ fruit, amp;c. Pomârre and his attendants were with us at familynbsp;“ worfhip, ; after which the prefident informed him of the naturenbsp;“ of our milfion, to teach them our God and Saviour; to learnnbsp;them to read the fpeaking book of wifdom, and to inftrudl them innbsp;“ all ufeful arts ; which he applauded, as he had already done at the

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76 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

“ fiiip, and faid it was my ty, my ty, very good and added, that he would fend his fons for inftriidtion.”

He came not near the fhip to-day, but returned his watch very much damaged, which we fuppofe to be the reafon why he abfentednbsp;himfelf ; no doubt a hatchet would now have been eftee'med a prefentnbsp;of greater worth, though the glitter of a watch pleafed him more atnbsp;firft.

By another letter from the prefident it appears that the brethren are ftill more afraid of the natives than before ; and this in confe-quence of being told by the Swedes that an attack upon them is intended fiaortly to be made : they therefore requeft an addition of armsnbsp;and ammunition, and farther urge the apparent neceffity of thenbsp;whole body remaining at Otaheite. The captain wrote a few linesnbsp;in anfwer, which brought Mr. Jefferfon on board ; when, in a conference with the brethren intended for the Friendly Ifles and Mar-quefas, he laid before them the grounds of their fears, and requeftednbsp;they would join them. To this they faid that they could not givenbsp;a diredl reply, but defired to have till the following day to confidernbsp;the matter. This feems a mere bugbear and artifice of the Swedes.

16th. The brethren on board having debated the fubjeól of yefterday, and concluding the above-mentioned fears groundlefs, andnbsp;by no means caufe fufficient for them to confine the whole effort ofnbsp;the fociety to one ifland, and thereby difappoint the hopes of manynbsp;of its valuable members at home ; they therefore returned their ultimate anfwer in the negative.

This being the day appointed by Pomärre for ceding in form the diftridt of Mataväi to the Englifh, the captain landed upon Pointnbsp;Venus ; was there received by the chief, and condudled near to thenbsp;mifiionary houfe. Moff of the brethren from the fhip, and all onnbsp;Ihore, were prefent at this ceremony. Peter the Swede took, asnbsp;ufual, the office of interpreter. “ The fcene,” fays Mr. Bowell,nbsp;“ was laid before the door of the miffionary houfe, at fome diftancenbsp;“ from which a rope was ftretched to keep off the crowd. Pomärre,

March.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

Iddeah, Otoo, his wife and brothers, went alfo without the “ rope. Männe Manne, who alone adted the part of conveyancer,nbsp;“ remained within with the captain and brethren. He then defirednbsp;“ Peter to tell the captain all that .he fhould fay, and began by pre-“ facing his oration with töwä, töwä, heart in order'to attractnbsp;“ general attention ; then went on enumerating all the Eatooas ofnbsp;“ Otaheite, Eimeo, and the Society Illes ; next the diftriéls and theirnbsp;“ chiefs in regular order; and laftly the Ihips and their commanders,nbsp;“ from Wallis, Bougainville, and Cook, down to the Duff and hernbsp;“ captain : concluding with the formal furrender of the difiridt ofnbsp;“ Mataväi : obferving, that we might take what houfes, trees, fruit,nbsp;“ hogs, amp;c. we thought proper. This ftrange fpeech was deliverednbsp;“ very deliberately by the old prieft, who, while he fpoke, fat in annbsp;“ odd pofture, half bent upon his heels, holding with one hand thenbsp;“ rope, and frequently fcratching his head and rubbing his eyes withnbsp;“ the other. Thefe peculiarities were caught by his mimickingnbsp;“ countrymen, who afterwards turned them into humorous panto-¦** mime.”

A converfation now took place between the captain and Männe Manne, concerning the going to war with his enemies. Männenbsp;Manne importuned the captain to aflifl him againft U lie tea, of whichnbsp;he had been king, but was driven from it feveral years ago. Beingnbsp;told that we had no orders to fight, except in our own defence, andnbsp;that other Ihips might come with different inftruâions, and whonbsp;might have no objedlion to join him in fuch enterprifes, he replied,nbsp;that he might be dead before that might happen. “ Well, then,”nbsp;fays the captain, “ your fon may aCl in your place, and be reinftatednbsp;“ in your kingdom.” To this he anfwered fmartly, “ I wouldnbsp;“ rather fee it done with my own eyes.” The brethren obferving hisnbsp;reluctance to a pofitive denial upon this point, Mr. Cover faid,nbsp;that they would affift to finifh the veffel which he was building ; andnbsp;when they had learnt the language, would go to Ulietëa and talk tonbsp;the people on the fubjeCt. This for the prefent fatisfied him, and

the bufinefs ended; Pomärre, Ötoo, and the other chiefs, fliaking hands with the captain and brethren. Thus a door fcems openingnbsp;for the gofpel at Ulietêa, whither fome of the brethren purpofe to gonbsp;as foon as they have the language.

lyth. Wind eafterly, with moderate and pleafant weather. Set up our rigging, and rafted alongfide fifteen butts of water, whichnbsp;completed our Rock ; and as we propofed to fail in a day or two,nbsp;feveral articles were fent on Ihore to enable the brethren to go on withnbsp;their work, with a quantity of nails, amp;c. for trade during our ab-fence ; alfo tea, cheefe, and what elfe we could fpare of that nature.

None of the chiefs came near us to-day, and but few canoes. The young king and Pomärre paid a vifit at the houfe, when Mr. Jefferfonnbsp;took occafion to fpeak to him concerning the education of his children ; reprefenting it as a matter of the greateft importance both tonbsp;them and the people of Otaheitc; and that he would be highlynbsp;blameable to negleét the opportunity which their coming afforded.nbsp;The chief’s mind feemed impreffed with the truth of what was faid,nbsp;and he immediately fpoke to Otoo, who returned a very unfavourablenbsp;anfwer : “He did not want to learn Englifli.” “ I have a very badnbsp;“ opinion of Otoo,’’ fays Mr. Jefferfon. And certainly appearancesnbsp;are much againft him j however, we majr reafonably hope, that thenbsp;example of our people, and the exhibition of arts which muff appearnbsp;wonderful in their eyes, may in time excite in his mind a thirft afternbsp;knowledge. They expreffed high delight on the garden enginenbsp;playing, and calling water on the thatch of the houfe. Thermometer 761°.

18th. Wind from N. E. toE.S.E. moderate and pleafant weather J employed clearing the Ihip for fea. In the afternoon Pomärre and Iddeah came on board, accompanied by Männe Manne, andnbsp;Peter to interpret. A prefent of cloth was made the captain, andnbsp;by a large cheft which they had brought with them in the canoe, wenbsp;could fee what they expedled ; but feigning not to underffand, asnbsp;they handed it up the fide, the captain inquired of the chief what

he meant to do with it. He feemed greatly perplexed how to anfwer this queftion, till at laft he faid, that he only wanted the lock repaired. He was then direéted to take it oh fhore to the blackfmith;nbsp;but this cmbarrafled him more than before ; 'and feeing no other waynbsp;to free himfelf, he faid with a fmile, that it was intended to holdnbsp;the prefent which the captain might be pleafed to make to him andnbsp;Iddeah ; and requefted that it fhould be put into the cabin, to prevent his people from feeing what he received. When feated below,nbsp;he was afked what he would like to have ; but feeming at a lofs whatnbsp;to name, the old prieft, whofe wits are always ready, helped himnbsp;out ; and firft axes ahowröo, ahowrôo, that is, twice ten, or ten fornbsp;himfelf and ten for Iddeah j then for each five fliirts, eight looking-glafles, fix pair of fcifiars, fix knives, fifty nails, and five combs :nbsp;befides thefe, were added to his part, one caft-iron pot, one razor,nbsp;and a blanket. The whole was put into the chefi;, and fecured bynbsp;the lock, which was very good. He then acknowledged himfelfnbsp;content ; but going afterwards betwixt decks, where the brethrennbsp;had feveral things lying loofe, he craved for fomething of all thatnbsp;he faw ; but as they knew how well he had fared in the cabin,nbsp;they gratified him with very little. I have been thus particular, be-caufe the incidents of this day do, in a meafure, charafterize the chief.

The brethren intended for the Friendly Ifles, confidering that none of the ordained minifters were to accompany them, chofe from theirnbsp;number Mr. Seth Kelfo. to be their paftor, and urged to thofe onnbsp;fhore the propriety of ordaining him and John Harris previous tonbsp;their departure. This they very readily confented to, and the nextnbsp;day, being Sunday, was appointed for that purpofe. Thermometer yô”.

19th. The fame orders being iffued as for laft fabbath, but two or three canoes were off in the bay, and feeing that we took nonbsp;notice of them, they foon returned to the fiiore. To-day, at thenbsp;milfionary houfe, were ordained Seth Kelfo and John Harris, minif-texs to the places of their refpedlive deftination.

The tranfaélions of this day being fingular, a more full report cannot but give fatisfaélion, and tend to encourage greatly our hopesnbsp;as to the ultimate objcdh erf our miffion.

It having been made known that we intended to addrefs the natives this morning, numbers of them affembled early round our dwelling ; among them was Pomârre and his lifter : he had beennbsp;inquiring a day or two before' concerning our fpeaking to them, andnbsp;faid, “ he had been dreaming about the book which fhould be fentnbsp;“ him from the Eatooa.”

At ten o’clock we called the natives together under the cover of fome fliady trees near our houfe ; and a long form being placed, Pomârre was requefted to feat himfelf on it with the brethren, the reftnbsp;of the natives ftanding or fitting in a circle round us. Mr. Covernbsp;then addreffed them from the words of St. John, “ God fo loved thenbsp;“ world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that they who believenbsp;on him fhould not perifti, but have everlafting life;” the Swedenbsp;interpreting fentence by fentence as he fpoke. The Otaheiteans werenbsp;filent and folemnly attentive. After fervice Pomärre took brothernbsp;Cover by the hand, and pronounced the word of approbation, “ My

ty, my ty.” Being alked, “ If he had underftood what was “ faid,?” he replied, “ There were no fuch things before in Ota-‘ ‘ heite ; and they were not to be learned at once, but that he

would wait the coming of (the Eatooa) God.” Defiring to know if he might be permitted to attend again, he was told, yes. Beingnbsp;conduced into the houfe, he and his wife dined with us, andnbsp;departed.

About three o’clock the ordination folemnity of the brethren Kelfo and Harris took place ; they were fet apart for their work bynbsp;the impofition of hands of our ordained brethren. Brother Covernbsp;preached the ordination fermon, and delivered the charge ; brothernbsp;Jefferfon having made the inquiry of the candidates refpedling theirnbsp;call and objeéls, and brothers Lewis and Eyre prayed at the com-

mencement and end of the fervice. The communion clofed the folemnity, which was to us all a moft refrefhing and comfortablenbsp;ordinance j and for the fir ft time the bread-fruit of Otaheite wasnbsp;ufed as the fymbol of the broken body of our Lord, and received innbsp;commemoration of his dying love.

Männe Manne was prefent during the whole fervice, and very attentive, particularly during the adminiftration of the Lord’s fupper.;nbsp;he placed himfelf in the circle with the brethren, and when theynbsp;paffed him he fhifted his fituation farther on, in hopes of partakingnbsp;with them.

20th. Pomarre, Iddeah, and all our Saturday’s guefts, vifited us again to-day, bringing more cloth and fome fowls for fea ftock. Theynbsp;ftaid dinner; the chief, fed by his head man, ate heartily, andnbsp;drank a large ftiarc of a bottle of wine, evincing rather a covetousnbsp;defire for it, as he would hardly allow Männe Manne to have a glafsnbsp;with him. On the appearance of rain they took their leave, wilhingnbsp;us a good voyage, and expreffing a hope of our fpeedy return.

As Peter the Swede had offered to go with us to the Friendly Iflands, the captain confented, thinking that he might be ferviceablenbsp;on fome occafions as interpreter. He purpofed taking with him anbsp;young woman named Tänno Männo, with whom he had for fomenbsp;time lived as his wife, a man the mutineers had named Tom, andnbsp;a boy called Härraway. The two laft Mr. Crook, who had alreadynbsp;made great proficiency in the Otaheitean language, thought mightnbsp;be great helps to him. On this account the captain permittednbsp;them to go with us alfo. The natives underftood we were nownbsp;about to leave them for fome months, but the captain’s intention wasnbsp;to lie a few days at Eimëo,' and, previous to fetting off for the Mar-quefas, to touch again in Mataväi bay, when we might probablynbsp;learn how the natives were likely to behave during our abfence.nbsp;Matters being thus fettled, we took with us Mr. William Puckey,nbsp;by trade a carpenter, to examine Männe Manne’s vcftcl, and feenbsp;whether fhe was worthy their aftiftance to finilli her. After dark

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLAxNDS.

CHAPTER VII.

Short Voyage to Eimco, and Return.

the S. E. which taking us but flowly out of the bay, the natives, perceiving the fails fet, hurried off in their canoes, eager to get a fewnbsp;articles more before we departed. At feven A. M. a frefh gale fpring-ing up from the N. E. attended with thunder and lightning, we leftnbsp;them, and by ten o’clock were off the north-eaft part of Eimëo, when -it again fell little wind. We kept running along the edge of the coralnbsp;reefs towards Taloo harbour, and, at the diftance of half a cable’snbsp;length off, had irregular foundings, viz. fix, eight, twelve, and fourteen fathoms. The reef appeared to block up the harbour till wenbsp;were nearly abreaft of it, when a good entrance thews itfelf. Withnbsp;a light breeze we run clofe up to the fouth-eaft corner of the harbour,nbsp;and let go our anchor in ten fathoms water, and moored with thenbsp;ffream cable to a remarkably large tree which Hands clofe to thenbsp;water’s edge j the Steeple cliff at the head of the harbour bearingnbsp;S. by E.

Taloo harbour is on the north fide of the ifland ; the bottom fo clear, that you diftindlly fee the coral, with its beautiful branches.nbsp;The mouth of the harbour is about a quarter of a mile broad j thenbsp;water of an amazing depth : this led into a moff delightful bay, aboutnbsp;two miles wide and three deep. This bay is beautifully furrounded withnbsp;trees ; not the lead; agitation of the water is perceivable on the beach, letnbsp;the wind blow from what quarter it may, it is fo perfeólly land-locked.nbsp;We lay under a mountain ten times as high as our topgallant-maft,nbsp;and perpendicular. There is a fine frelh-water river running up fome

in the evening a canoe came alongfide from Eimëo ; in her was a 'Swede named John, whom we had not feen before; him his countrymen reported to be in a Rate of infanity, and by his difcourfenbsp;we thought him a little fo. On his part, he complained much of thenbsp;treatment which he had received from his fhipmates fince theynbsp;landed ; and exprelTed a defire to return to Europe. The captain, innbsp;anfwer, told him, that at prefent he could not keep him on board ;nbsp;that he was on the point of failing, and would in a few monthsnbsp;return ; in the mean while he might Ray at the miflionary houfe,nbsp;and if he behaved well he fliould have a palfage with us : he is anbsp;native of Stockholm, about forty years old, and feems much reducednbsp;by ficknefs.

On Mr. Puckey’s coming on board, fome converfation paffed on

• the propriety of the brethren’s arming themfelves on Riore, and keeping watch night and day ; which thofe on board difapproved.nbsp;He replied to them very fatisfadlorily, that their intention in takingnbsp;arms was not to injure the natives, much lefs to plant the gofpel bynbsp;human power ; but merely as a means ordained of God for the pro-tedion of their perfons and property during the abfence of the fliip.

[1797-miles, which a boat can afcend a mile or two, and (hips water with the greateft cafe. It is the fecureft harbour I ever faw. It has a ’nbsp;border of low land, like Otaheite, covered with bread-fruit, cocoa-nut, and other trees -, and many of a different kind in the mountains,nbsp;fome very like lignum vitæ j one fmall ifland is wholly covered withnbsp;this wood. Being in queft of a tree of hard wood, we found one',nbsp;but the axe would not Hand againft it, and we were obliged to ufe thenbsp;hand-faw.

Here I firrt’ faw a tûpapow : the flcfli was quite gone ; the Ikin, like parchment ftretched over the bones, remained : the natives feemednbsp;averfe to our examining it. Two ports about fix feet long are let intonbsp;the ground at each end ; on thefe a broad plank is laid, and the corpfenbsp;is there extended, wrapped in cloth, to dry, and a fmall Ihed, like anbsp;boat inverted, placed over it to keep out the rain.

After dinner, the captain, Mr. Falconer, Wm. Puckey, and Peter, fet off in the pinnace to the place were Manne Manne’s vertel wasnbsp;building, and on their return gave but an unfavourable account ofnbsp;her. In length flic was forty-two feet, but difproportioned in hernbsp;breadth, by being fuller aft than forward, and the timbers were toonbsp;fmall for her fize. In this excurfion the captain fhot a wild duck andnbsp;. two fmall birds, and Mr. Falconer caught with the feine about anbsp;dozen fifh. All the.afternoon the fhip was furrounded by the natives,nbsp;among whom were feveral women, who expreffed, by their loofe'gef-tures, a great defire to be taken on board, but had the mortification tonbsp;meet with no encouragement. Several articles were offered to barter,nbsp;but no hogs, owing to the rahoo (or prohibition) being in force atnbsp;this time. This rahoo is laid on by the chiefs to repair the defolationsnbsp;their inordinate feartings make, and is always religioufly obferved bynbsp;the people. It feems that the whole ifland of Eimëo was at thisnbsp;time under this injunótion, but at Otaheite it is only impofed on anbsp;few dirtridls at one time, during which none of the refidents dare fellnbsp;a pig, or kill one for their own ufe. However, they may take hogsnbsp;from thofe dirtrids that are free, and ufe them as they pleafe. A

rahoo is alfo frequently laid upon the fifli ; at which time poles with a flag at top are ftuck upon the reefs, where they are not fuffcred tobenbsp;taken. It is not improbable that this cuftom might have its originnbsp;coeval with the firfl; peopling of the iflands, or at leaft when theynbsp;poflefled few animals, and have been introduced from motivesnbsp;of economy. However this may have been, it is now becomenbsp;fometimes an aól of injuftice and tyranny in the chiefs, whofenbsp;impolitic proceedings are extremely deftrudlive to the general welfare.nbsp;But of this there will be oceafion to fpeak more particularly, whennbsp;their feveral cuftoms are noticed. At prefent we felt no inconveniencenbsp;from this law, our decks being already crowded with the hogs wenbsp;had brought from Mataväi : however, had we ftood in need, therenbsp;were none to be got, for in the abfence of Iddeah and Männe Mannenbsp;no chief was here of fufficient authority to repeal it.

22d. Light airs of wind and pleafant weather, with a few flying Ihowers of rain. The crew employed painting the fhip, makingnbsp;a new mizen, and putting the rigging in order.

An affair happened this morning, of which the brethren made fome account : eight of them, by permilfion of the captain, took the jollyboat to a frelh-water creek at the head of the harbour, with the intentnbsp;to walh their linen, but returned in a fliort time, under a perfuafionnbsp;that the natives meant to rob them of their bundles, and to do themnbsp;further mifehief. “ We put off,” fays Mr. Bowell, “ from thenbsp;“ fhip, but took no arms with us ; a double canoe, full of men,nbsp;“ alfo two Angle ones, followed usj and when the boat enterednbsp;“ the creek, multitudes of people were feen running along the fhore,nbsp;“ fome with white fticks in their hands: others, with clappers ofnbsp;“ pearl oyfter-fhells, were feemingly convening more of their coun-‘ ‘ try men together ; and when we landed they were crowding fromnbsp;“ all quarters, but ftill behaved peaceably ; and thofe who held fpearsnbsp;“ fhewed us in what manner they ufed them. Their numbers in-“ creafing, we thought it moft prudent to keep our bundles faft.

[1797-“ and return to the fhip ; as the quantity of linen we had brought “ was perhaps a temptation too great for them to rcfift. This refo-“ lution we immediately put in pradlice ; and we were allowed to rc-turn without moleftation.”

Soon after they got on board, a meeting of all the brethren was held in the cabin, to debate on the propriety of taking fire-arms on lliorenbsp;with them at Tongataboo. Brother Kelfo opened the meeting in thenbsp;ufual manner j after which the captain, as prefident, informed themnbsp;of the reafons of being convened ; and, after a long converfation uponnbsp;the fubjedf, there appeared, on a divifion—for taking mulkets tonbsp;defend their perfons and property, brothers Harper, Kelfo, Nobs,nbsp;Shelly, Veefon, and Wilkinfon—againfi; it. Bowel 1, Buchanan, andnbsp;Cooper.

Before the meeting broke up there were fome remonftrances ad-drefied to Meflrs. Harris and Crook, concerning their going to the Marquefas in fo fmall a number j to which they anfwered. Thatnbsp;having long fince made that place their choice, they were fiill in thenbsp;fame mind, nor did they entertain a doubt of meeting with a favourable reception : and on this account they did not think it neceflarynbsp;for the fllip to revifit them, but would rather, if the propofal metnbsp;with the captain’s approbation, that the fhip fhould firfl; go to thenbsp;Friendly Iflands, and then proceeding to the Marquefas, a vaft expenfenbsp;of time would be faved, and the captain be enabled to flay a monthnbsp;or more to fee them fafely fettled.—This propofal was approved andnbsp;adopted as our future plan.

About thirty canoes, filled with men and women, kept paddling around us all the day ; a greater number, who had no canoes, butnbsp;only a log of wood, and fome nothing, diverted themfelves in the waternbsp;feveral hours together, and if a fmall trinket was thrown in, theynbsp;would dive fome fathoms after it, and were in general fure to bringnbsp;it up.

The night was very dark, and about eleven o’clock the watch faw

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a naked native ftanding in the main chains ; and attempting to feize him, he leaped into the water, and made his efcape, taking with himnbsp;four yards of our eleftric chain.

23d. Sent the boat to the creek for a turn of water, but when it came we could not drink it, by reafon of a bitternefs, imbibed probably from the trees and fhrubs on its banks ; however, on thenbsp;weft fide, and not far from the head of the harbour, an excellentnbsp;fpring of water was found. The natives furrounded us as yefterday,nbsp;but with little to barter.

24th. Fine pleafant weather. Many natives from different parts of the ifland were to-day viewing the fhip with apparent admiration ; and perhaps it is no erroneous opinion to fuppofe thatnbsp;there never was a fhip in thofe parts fo ornamented with figures tonbsp;attraól their attention. None appeared with arms, but all roguifhlynbsp;inclined, on which account we would not fuffer one of them to comenbsp;upon our decks ; but, notwithftanding our precautions, they foundnbsp;means to fleal the rudder out of the jolly-boat lying alongfide. Whilenbsp;we were at dinner in the cabin a canoe came clofe under the ftern,nbsp;and a tall fellow, getting up upon the back of the rudder, reachednbsp;his hand up, and fnatched away a book which lay juft within thenbsp;cabin windows; he then immediately fell back, and made a plunge innbsp;the water. This we heard, and ftarting up, infifted upon theirnbsp;putting the canoe alongfide, but this they refufed to do, and begannbsp;to fet off towards the fhore, as did all the reft that were near us.nbsp;Thinking this aólion too daring to be overlooked, and clemency, fonbsp;often extended, only an excitement to greater depredations, a fewnbsp;fmall flrot were fired, which made them take to the water, and fkulknbsp;behind the canoe. Two of the feamen in our jolly-boat tried in vainnbsp;to catch the offender, for he, with the dexterity of a wild duck innbsp;the water, eluded all their attempts to lay hold of him ; and it wasnbsp;only with the help of the pinnace, and frightening him with a muf-ket, that we caught him at laft. When alongfide, he tremblednbsp;through fear of being put to death, and ftruggled hard to get into

the water again, but making a rope faß; round his body, he wagt; hoifted on board, and laflied up to the rigging, in fight of his countrymen, who Rood ranged along the beach in expectation of feeingnbsp;him punifhed. As Peter was on Ihore at this time, the delinquentnbsp;was kept bound till he returned on board ; in the mean while thenbsp;natives, obferving nothing was done to him, came around us asnbsp;before. When Peter arrived, he was defired to tell the man in whatnbsp;light we confidered his offence, and that if he or any other perfoanbsp;was found doin^he like again, they would certainly be feverely punifhed ; and that the reafon why we let him go at this time was merelynbsp;becaufe we had not warned him of the confequence before. To thisnbsp;he faid, he would not do fo again, and took his leave with joy in hisnbsp;countenance.

The bad conduól of the captain’s Reward had been often noted ; though the miffionaries were reluctant to complain'. This had atnbsp;laR exhauRed the patience of the captain, who turned him out of thenbsp;cabin before the maR. This evening, going on fhore with others tonbsp;bathe, he fecreted himfelf, having contrived to get fome of his thingsnbsp;on fhore unknown to any but the Swede. This caufed us muchnbsp;forrow of mind, as he had made, on coming on board, a profeflionnbsp;of godlinefs, though his conduól had very little adorned it. Wenbsp;feared that this man, thus leaving the fhip and indulging in all thenbsp;abominable pradlices of the heathen, would prove a great reproachnbsp;and plague to us ; and fo we afterwards found it to be.

Having now finiflied the painting of the fhip, and put her other-wife in good order, the Rream cable was ordered to be caR off from the tree on Riore, and all things to be in readinefs for proceeding tonbsp;fea with the land breeze in the morning. Orders were given alfonbsp;that a good look-out fhould be kept during this night, as we hadnbsp;fome reafon to apprehend that we fhould be vifited by thieves in thenbsp;dark; therefore two mufkets were placed’ in readinefs. As we expelled, fo it proved ; for about one o’clock in the morning, when itnbsp;was very dark, a man was heard fwimming under the fhip’s bows,

March.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;89

clofe to the cable, and perhaps with an intent to cut it ; a mulket was fired, which fet him off with great precipitancy towards thenbsp;£hore.

25th. At fix A. M. with a light air at S. S. E. we weighed and flood out of Täloo harbour, which as we cleared we found the windnbsp;more to the call ward. Several of the natives in their canoes followednbsp;us quite out to fea, exprefiing a greater defire to trade with us thannbsp;they had done all the time we lay among them.

Concerning the people of this ifland we learnt but little, not caring to truft ourfelves in fmall parties on fiiore, for fear they fhould retaliate on us the vengeance which Captain Cook inflidled upon themnbsp;for Healing his goats. However, we obferved in thofe who camenbsp;alongfide, that they had not attained to that frank affable behaviournbsp;towards flrangers, that the Otaheiteans have in general ; neithernbsp;were they fo fkilful in bartering ; and in every point of civilizationnbsp;feemed far behind that people ; which difference I cannot otherwifenbsp;account for, than by fuppofing them lefs vifited by flrangers fromnbsp;Ulietëa and the other iflands than Otaheite is. For it is certain thatnbsp;the vafl number of arreoies which refort to the latter place do notnbsp;only, by virtue of their privileges, oblige to the exercife of hofp’itality,nbsp;the parent of many focial qualities, but by their addrefs, knowledgenbsp;of the iflands, and various talents to pleafe, they contribute to informnbsp;the minds and foften the manners of thofe they vifit. In their perfonsnbsp;they differ nothing from the Otaheiteans, except it be in a jewiflinbsp;call of countenance, which is here more general : and a greater proportion of their women are of a low ftaturc, but equal in the fym-metry of features.

We faw but few canoes, and thofe were very indifferent ones both in fize and goodnefs, nor were there any figns of their being poffelîèdnbsp;of many.

As for the ifland itfelf, it fccms to have fuffered great convulfions cither from earthquakes or other violent caufes. Molt of the hills

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are high, pointed at their tops, with broken rugged fides, particularly about Täloo harbour, from the entrance of which they have a very ftriking appearance. The low grounds are covered with cocoa-nut, bread-fruit, and other trees, all growing luxuriantly, and withoutnbsp;care or culture. They have alfo all the roots, amp;c. in common withnbsp;the other iflands. And here the cows are that Captain Cook left withnbsp;them, but they are little attended to, as it is faid that they are wild, andnbsp;that none of the natives dare approach them : there is no bull. Wenbsp;did intend to have landed in purfuit of the cows, and to have takennbsp;them to Matavai ; but as all the chiefs were abfent, it was thoughtnbsp;prudent to relinquilh the plan for fear of mifehief from the natives.

Towards evening we faw Tethuröa, low land, about twenty-four miles from Otaheite. It confifts of fix or feven iflets very near eachnbsp;other, not many feet above the level of the fea, covered with cocoa-nuts, but no bread-fruit, which they are not allowed to cultivate.nbsp;It belongs to the king, but Männe Manne claims it. The natives,nbsp;about three thoufand, are employed in filhing for the chiefs at Otaheite, and bring back bread-fruit and other things in exchange.

26th. About four in the afternoon we tacked the Ihip clofe in with One Tree hill, hoified our colours, and fired a gun; upon hearingnbsp;of which, Melfrs. Cover, Lewis, Henry, Gillham, and others camenbsp;off in a double canoe, and reported that all was well, that they hadnbsp;now no reafon to entertain apprehenfion of future mifehief from thenbsp;natives, who, they fay, ufually leave their houfe about fix o’clock in thenbsp;evening, and revifit. them regularly at an early hour in the morning.nbsp;The chiefs alfo were behaving extremely well. Since we left themnbsp;they had made Männe Manne a cheft, which pleafed him. Pomärrenbsp;had juft fet off to another diftriót, after promifing to be with themnbsp;again in a day or two. They were all in good health ; and refpedling' .nbsp;provifions, the natives continued to fupply them plentifully with allnbsp;that the ifland afforded. This pleafing intelligence could not fail tonbsp;latisfy us, and alfo to reconcile them to the departure of their brethren.

March.] ’ TO THE SOUTII-SEV ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;91

Therefore we took leave of our friends, hoifted in the pinnace, and made fail for the Friendly Iflands, after fending on fliore materialsnbsp;for a flat-bottomed boat^^ to be built during our abfence.

Nothing could have exceeded the kindnefs and attention of the natives ; every day they attended our worlhip, and heard fuch addreflesnbsp;as we were able to make to them through an interpreter. This firftnbsp;experiment of the fliip’s abfence had removed all the brethren’s fears ;nbsp;and they faw us quit the harbour only with the tendernefs of partingnbsp;friends, who hoped again fliortly to meet and rejoice together; wifhingnbsp;their miflionary brethren good fpeed in the lèverai places of their defli-nation ; yet not without many tears.

The wind being frefli to eaft, we filled our top fails, and left them far aftern. The brethren, who had come off haftily in the canoe, impro-vidently came away without the paddles ; feveral canoes being near,nbsp;they borrowed two, and fome loofe boards were in the canoe withnbsp;them} with thefe they tried to pull her ahead in vain, the windnbsp;blowing from that point to which they wanted to go. The crofs piecenbsp;of the canoe, it being a double one, gave way, the lafliing beingnbsp;nearly cut through ; fo they paffed a rope round the bottom, and fecurednbsp;it. They were, however, obliged to bear away beyond One Treenbsp;hill, and travel home on foot, leaving the canoe and her cargo to thenbsp;care of the natives, who were very faithful, and brought her back thenbsp;next day .

K 2

CHAPTER VIII.

Div iß on of the Mißionanes.—Voyage to Dongataboo,—Dcctirrence^ there during the firfi Vißt.

We muft now interrupt the account of the tranfadions at Ota-heite, to follow our other brethren through the deep j on the Ill ip ’s return they Ihall be recorded.

The day following our departure from Mataväi we pafled to the fouthward of the Society lilands, in fight of HuahSine, Ulietea, Otaha,nbsp;and Bölabola; then, with a fine fair wind and pleafant weather,nbsp;fliaped our courfe for Palmer ft on’s ill and, which we intended to vifit,nbsp;as it lay diredly in our way. Accordingly, on the firft of April,nbsp;a little before day, we faw it bearing weft, diftant about two leagues ;nbsp;then running nearer, hoifted out the pinnace and jolly-boat, andnbsp;attempted landing on the fouth-eafternmofi: iflet ; but finding itnbsp;impraélicable there, on account of the furf breaking high on everynbsp;part of the furrounding reef, we bore down to the next iflet, whichnbsp;is the fouth-wcftcrnmoft, and found it almoft as bad to land uponnbsp;as that which we had left. A fquall of wind and heavy rain comingnbsp;on, we returned to the fhip, for fear any accident fhould happen tonbsp;the boats. About eight o’clock the weather cleared up, and we madenbsp;a fécond attempt, finding that by reafon of the tide of ebb the furfnbsp;had fallen confiderably ; yet there appeared no place where we couldnbsp;land the boats with fafety. Abundance of cocoa-nut trees coverednbsp;the iflet, and to get at them was our objedt j therefore Otaheiteannbsp;Tom, the third mate, and one of the feamen, taking with them thenbsp;end of a line, leaped into the water and ventured into the furf, where,nbsp;with great difficulty, they effedled a footing on the coral rocks which

compofe the reef, after getting their legs, arms, and different parts of their bodies, much cut with the fliarp points of the coral. They hadnbsp;ftill to walk near a quarter of a mile before they got to the dry beach,nbsp;fo that the fmall quantity of cocoa-nuts which they could have broughtnbsp;' to the boat would not have been a recompence for the trouble of procuring them ; but about half-ebb we obferved a fmall opening ornbsp;gutter in the reef, into which we rowed, and found it deep enoughnbsp;for the boats to pafs clear over to the beach, where we could ftepnbsp;out dry, and lie within fifty yards of the trees. We now appliednbsp;ourfelves to the objedt in view, and foon fent both the boats offloadednbsp;with cocoa-nuts, keeping the two Otaheiteans on fhore to climb thenbsp;trees, a talk which they performed with much more eafe than wenbsp;could. The water had now fallen fo much, that on the return of thenbsp;boats they were obliged to lie at the outer edge of the reef, in a fmallnbsp;creek about ten yards wide and twenty long, and covered from thenbsp;force of the fea by the rocks projecting on each fide. They werenbsp;again loaded with cocoa-nuts, and grafs for the ufe of the goats jnbsp;and it now being late in the evening we returned on board, hoifiednbsp;the boats in, and made fail, having got in the courfe of the day fivenbsp;hundred and thirty cocoa-nuts.

Palmerfion’s ifland was difcovered by Captain Cook on his fécond voyage : it confifls of a group of fmall iflets, eight or nine in number, connected together by a reef of coral rocks, and lying in anbsp;direction nearly circular. The iflet we landed upon is not a mile innbsp;circuit, and at high water is not more than four or five feet above thenbsp;level of the fea. The foil is coral fand, with an upper ftratum ofnbsp;blackifh mould produced from rotten vegetables. All the inner areanbsp;of the iflet is covered with cocoa-nut trees, which decaying and fallingnbsp;fucceffively form a thick underwood : without thefe, near to thenbsp;beach, are the wharra tree, and others of various forts. We fawnbsp;vafl; numbers of men of war birds, tropic birds, and boobies. Amongnbsp;the trees there was plenty of red crabs, dragging after them a fliellnbsp;in form of a periwinkle, but larger, being in diameter about two or

E’797-three inches ; when they run along the ground they only put their claws out, but when we touched them, they drew thernfelves whollynbsp;into their Ihell.

We alfo faw the beautiful fubmarine grotto defcribed in Cook’s third voyage. “ At one part of the reef which bounds the lakenbsp;within, almoft even with the furface, there is a large bed of coral,nbsp;“ which affords a mod enchanting profpeóf. Its bafe, which isnbsp;“ fixed to the fhore, extends fo far that it cannot be feen, fo that itnbsp;“ appears to be fufpended in the water. The fea was then unruffled,nbsp;“ and the refulgence of the fun expofed the various forts of coral innbsp;“ the moft beautiful order; fome parts luxuriantly branching intonbsp;“ the water, others appearing in a vaft variety of figures, and thenbsp;“ whole heightened by fpangles of the richeft colours, glowing fromnbsp;“ a number of large clams interfperfed in every part. Even thisnbsp;“ delightful fcene was greatly improved by the multitude of filliesnbsp;“ that gently glided along, feemingly with the moft perfect fecurity ;nbsp;“ their colours were the moft beautiful that can be imagined, blue,nbsp;“ yellow, black, red, amp;c. far excelling any thing that can be pro-“ duced by art.” This is the defcription which they give of thisnbsp;grotto, and is nothing exaggerated, for it is certainly a great andnbsp;beautiful produdlion of nature. We beheld it with pleafure, andnbsp;with them regretted, that a work fo aftonifliingly elegant fhould benbsp;concealed in a place fo feldom explored by the human eye.

There are no traces of this ifland having ever been inhabited j a piece of a canoe lay upon the beach, probably the fame as was feennbsp;by Cook’s people, and which they conjedlure might have driftednbsp;from another ifland ; but as there are rats upon the ifland, which bothnbsp;they and we faw, hence a query is fuggefted, how or by what meansnbsp;they could come to this place ? They fuppofe it might be in thenbsp;canoe, which is not at all likely, becaufe they afford hardly a placenbsp;of concealment for them j and if there were men in the canoe, it isnbsp;very probable that they fuffered much from hunger, therefore itnbsp;w'ould be abfurd to think they would not fearch their canoe for every

April.]

hidden morfel ; or, finding a rat, to fuppofe they would fpare it. It is doubtlefs more juft to conclude they were drifted here on fomenbsp;hollow tree or root, which being before their place of lhelter, and tornnbsp;up by fome tempefl, might be caft upon this fliore.

On Wednefday the fifth of April we faw Savage i fl and, but did not get near it before dark. In pafiing the north end we perceivednbsp;three lights, and on the weft fide feven more; by their motion wenbsp;fuppofed them to be on the water, and feemingly in canoes a-fifliing.nbsp;The natives of this ifland fhewed a ferocious and hoftile difpofition tonbsp;Captain Cook and his people in 1774, when he difcovered itj on whichnbsp;account he called it Savage ifland. His account of themfhews the danger of landing among any of thofe iflanders who have not previouflynbsp;had intercourfe with Europeans j alfo the abfolute neceflity, whennbsp;obliged to land, of being able to repel them by force when attacked.nbsp;We ought to lay it down as a truth, that neither in places alreadynbsp;known, where the inhabitants have aded conftantly in a hoftilenbsp;manner, nor yet in new iflands which voyagers may difcover, are thenbsp;natives to be trufted with the power of their lives j for in generalnbsp;they are fo tenacious of their territory and of their canoes, fo covetous of all we poflefs, and under a perfuafion that all flrangersnbsp;are enemies, that they will, either by force or cunning, aim atnbsp;the lives of thofe who are fo unhappy as to place any confidence innbsp;them, till fome friendly intercourfe has been eftablifhed.

We now fhaped our courfe for Tongataboo, and on our palfage thither fuch articles were forted out as it was thought the brethrennbsp;might with fome fafety take with them on their firfl; landing. Onnbsp;Sunday the 9th, at ten A. M. we faw the land j and at noon thenbsp;ifland of Eöoa bore S.W. diflant feven or eight leagues. At halfnbsp;pafl four in the evening we tacked to the eaflward, the fmall iflandnbsp;of Eoo-aije bearing S. S.W. J W. diflant three miles, and then hove tonbsp;for the night, during which we had light winds and conflant rain.nbsp;At daylight, it continuing ftill dark and hazy, we could fee no landnbsp;until feven A.M. when it ceafed raining, and the weather gradually

2,

clearing up, Eoo-äije bore W. and Eooa S. by W. ; the wind alfa veered in our favour from W.N.W. to N. by W. and frefhening tonbsp;a brifk gale we flood in for the harbour of Tongataboo. Thenbsp;natives of Eooa had obferved us the preceding day; for a canoe withnbsp;four men, which muft have put off from that ifland before daylight,nbsp;was now paddling after the fhip. This circumftance gave us fomenbsp;pleafure, as it both evinced their defire for our articles, and a confidence in us\

Palfing to the northward of Eoo-âijc, we fleered W. S.W. to the entrance, then W. by S. and W. up the harbour, followed bynbsp;the above canoe and feveral others, which put off from the eafternnbsp;part of the main ifland and the iflets that lie fcattered upon the reef.nbsp;One of the large failing kind, with about fixty perfons upon hernbsp;platform, kept clofe to windward of us, and proved herfelf thenbsp;better failer by running ahead with eafe, then flackening their fheetnbsp;and falling aflern, then running ahead again, and fo on ; the flrip,nbsp;at the fame time, going fix knots and a half by the log, topgallantfails and flayfails fet. It appeared evident, that, had they chofen,nbsp;they could have run at the rate of feven knots and a half or .eightnbsp;knots an hour.

In failing into the harbour we kept the north reef on board, until vze came to the narrow channel which bends to the N.W. whichnbsp;we got through after making two or three fhort tacks with the tidenbsp;firong in our favour ; then running a little way further, pallingnbsp;Makahäa we hauled to the fouthward, and anchored in nine fathoms,nbsp;on a bottom of foft fand, about three quarters of a mile from thenbsp;fmall ifland of -Pangimodoo, and moored with a fire am anchor andnbsp;cable to the S.W. Once more, through a gracious Providence, fafenbsp;anchored in the haven where we would be.

CHAPTER IX.

Occurrences during the ßrß Vißt to Tongataboo.

UUR followers were now all eager to come on board ; but though we were willing to grant them every prudent indulgence, yet theynbsp;were too numerous to have free accefs : therefore about twenty onlynbsp;were admitted ; and by placing fentries along each fide of the deck,nbsp;we fucceeded in keeping the reft off, though very importunate to benbsp;on board. The commodities they offered for barter confiftedof hogs,nbsp;bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, yams, fpears, clubs (which none were without), and various articles ingenioufiy manufaâured ; but their demands were fo high that but little was purchafed. Neither thenbsp;Swedes nor Otaheiteans could underftand what they faid more thannbsp;ourfelves, which not only increafed the difficulty of trading withnbsp;fuch fcrupulous dealers, but embarraffed us in no fmall degree tonbsp;know how to fettle the more important bufinefs of the miffionaries.nbsp;After dinner, a chief named Futtafaihe was introduced to the captain, as a perfon of great power in Tongataboo ; and indeed fuchnbsp;he appeared : he was about forty years of age, flout and well proportioned, of an open, free countenance, noble* demeanour, and anbsp;gait fiately, or rather pompous, for by it alone we fhould havenbsp;taken him for a very great man ; and by the attention with whichnbsp;he furveyed every objedl, he appeared to poffefs an inquifitive mind.nbsp;He talked a good deal in the cabin, but all we could colledl from itnbsp;was, that he was a great chief, and that fome white men were onnbsp;the ifland, and that he would bring them with him on the followingnbsp;day. After the captain had made him a prefent of an ax, a looking-glafs, and fome other articles, he took his leave; and was hardly

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from the fhip when two Europeans made their appearance ; they came alongfide without hefitation, and flipping on board with alacrity,nbsp;gave us the unfpeakable pleafure of hearing our own language fpokennbsp;by them ; a pleafure which proved at once our neccflity of fuchnbsp;inftruments, and our great diflance from home ; for in their countenance, one of them efpecially, .there was fo much of the villainnbsp;marked, that in England a well-difpofed perfon would fliun them asnbsp;he would a fwindler or a pickpocket. However, bad as they appeared to be, as they have to adl a part in future, I Ihali infert theirnbsp;account of themfelves. One of them, named Benjamin Ambler,nbsp;fays, that he was born in the parifli of Shadwell, London ; and thatnbsp;his parents now keep a public-houfe in Cannon Street, He is a bold,nbsp;talkative, prefuming fellow ; feems to fpeak the language fluently,nbsp;and fays that he learnt it with great facility. John Connelly is anbsp;native of Cork in Ireland, by trade a cooper, and is far lefs talkativenbsp;than'his comrade. Ambler fays that they left London in a fliipnbsp;called the Otter, in which they failed to America ; and there, for thenbsp;fake of better wages, left her to go in an American veflel bound to thenbsp;north-weft coaft on the fur trade. On their paflage outwards theynbsp;touched at the iflands of St. Paul and Amfterdam, where they madenbsp;fome ftay, catching feals ; and proceeded thence to the Friendlynbsp;Iflands, in hopes of procuring refrelhments ; but having nothing butnbsp;old iron hoops to barter, the natives would not part with their hogs.nbsp;This induced thefe two, and four more, to leave the fhip j for theirnbsp;fait provifions were fo bad as to be fcarcely eatable, and fo fcanty asnbsp;forced them upon a fhort allowance -, therefore, dreading their cafenbsp;might foon be worfe, they requefted the captain to difcharge them.nbsp;This he accordingly did, and they landed upon Annamôoka, wherenbsp;another American veffel called foon afterwards, and being in wantnbsp;of feamen, engaged three of their number. An Irifhman namednbsp;Morgan remained at Annamôoka, and they two had been about thirteen months at Tongataboo. They are both young men, not exceeding the age of thirty.

April.]

Ambler informed us that Futtafâihe was a great chief, and pre-fided over all the caftern part of the ifland ; but that there was an old man named TIbo Moomöoe, of greater power, and generallynbsp;efleemed as king over the ifland : at prefent, they faid, he was in anbsp;bad ftate of health, for which reafon he could not gratify his defirenbsp;to come on board when the fhip firfl: came to anchor j but that henbsp;intended, if poflible, to pay us a vifit on the morrow, or day fol- .nbsp;lowing. From their high praifes of this old chief, we underlloodnbsp;that humanity to his people, and holpitality to Arrangers, were predominant traits of his charadlcr. This pleafing account of the chiefsnbsp;encouraged the captain to mention to Ambler the purpofe of our vifit,nbsp;the talents and charaéler of the miffionaries, their intentions of fer-vice and good-will towards the natives, and to point out the certainnbsp;benefits which the latter would receive, if our people were fufferednbsp;to live unmoleflred among them j at the fame time he requeftednbsp;their opinion of men fettling at this place with fuch views. Tonbsp;this he replied, that the natives would certainly receive them gladlynbsp;and treat them with kindnefs ; but refpeding property, they couldnbsp;give no afl'urance of its fafety. Connelly, who feemed to fpeak withnbsp;the greateA candour, exp re fled the danger their lives would be in ifnbsp;encumbered with iron tools, they attempted to defend themfelvesnbsp;from private robbers, which charaéfer might apply to every man onnbsp;the ifland when fuch temptations lay in their way.

As for a houfe, they had no doubt but Tibo Moomöoe would give them one, and alfo protect their perfons j but were of opinion,nbsp;that if all the ten lived with one chief they would not be fo wellnbsp;fupplied with provifion as if they were to feparate to different partsnbsp;of the ifland. This was nearly all that paffed at this time, ornbsp;indeed could, until Tibo Moomöoe was acquainted therewith ; fornbsp;which purpofe they now left us, firfl: promifing to return in thenbsp;morning with his anfwer.

While this was paffing, a large double canoe approached, 'in which were feveral chiefs, who, either with a view of obliging us.

E’797-or to fliew their own arbitrary power, began driving the canoes from ' the fhip, forcing them to the lliorc as faft as they could paddle jnbsp;fome had part of their crews on board, and could not get ftgt; quicklynbsp;away, which the chiefs obferving, came at a great rate under thenbsp;Ihip’s ftern where they lay, ran dircd over one canoe, and, as wenbsp;thought, would have hurt the people, but by their dexterity innbsp;» diving and fwimming they efcaped fafe : the others feemed quite indifferent to what they had done, and there being now nothing to ob-ftrudh them, nor any farther fport, they came alongfide : one ofnbsp;them, a remarkably flout man, we were informed was admiral, ornbsp;rather the navigator of their fleets, when they go on expeditions tonbsp;the other iflands j another of note was Fêenou, who we underftoodnbsp;to be brother to him that was fo attached to Captain Cook. Eachnbsp;of them received a prefent, and in a fhort time returned to the fliore,nbsp;when the canoes again furrounded us to trade, demanding for halfnbsp;a dozen cocoa-nuts what would purchafe a hundred at Otaheite. Onnbsp;the approach of night they all left us very quietly.

In the evening the captain and miflionaries held a meeting, where it was agreed, that, if a favourable anfwer was received from Moomöoe,nbsp;fome of the brethren fhould land as foon as poflible, to examine thenbsp;place, view the natives in their habitations, and fee how they werenbsp;likely to behave to them ; after which they could more eafily determine what property it was fafe to take at firft, and alfo the proprietynbsp;of taking arms.

During the night heavy rain and fqualls of wind from the N.W.

Il th. At daylight the large double canoe came alongfide again, and in her feveral of the chiefs who had vifited us on the preceding-evening : thefe brought two hogs and a few yams, I fuppofe, innbsp;return for the prefent which they had received. They introducednbsp;themfelves into the cabin without much ceremony, and fat quietlynbsp;while we breakfafted : tea they refufcd to take, but fome ate bifcuitnbsp;and butter -with a feemingly good relifh. About ten o’clock in thenbsp;forenoon Ambler and Connelly came with -a prefent of three hogs and

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fome yams from Moomöoe, informing us that himfelf intended to follow. Accordingly the venerable chief was very foon alongfide,nbsp;but was long before he durft venture up the ladder, fearing he hadnbsp;not ftrength fufficient for the tafle ; he at laft however made the trial,nbsp;but was fo exhaufted thereby, that hç was obliged to reft himfelf atnbsp;the gangway j thence his attendants led him to the quarter-deck ladder,nbsp;where he again fat down, faying that he would not go before the captain till he was fhaved : and to pleafe him in this, Mr. Harris begannbsp;the operation, and finiflied it much to the fatisfaólion of this decentnbsp;chief, who then faluted the captain, and entered the cabin, followednbsp;by twenty-two attendant chiefs and fervants : thefe fquatted thcmfelvesnbsp;upon the floor, but the chief was placed in a chair, which he muchnbsp;admired, thought he fat eafy in it, and, requefting it as a prefent,nbsp;had it immediately given to him. He attentively furveyed the cabinnbsp;and its furniture, expreffing his admiration of all he faw, and aikingnbsp;a number of very pertinent queftions : as, of what wood were thenbsp;frames of the looking-glaffes, fuppofing apparently the whole to benbsp;of a piece with the gilded outfide : the fame of the different colourednbsp;painted woods. Nor did they feem to admire the beauty of the wholenbsp;more than the neatnefs of every part of the workmanfhip. Theynbsp;examined minutely the jointing of the chairs and of the mahoganynbsp;table, and exprefled no fmall degree of aftonifhment at finding them-felves fo far excelled ; for they cherifli an idea of being fuperior tonbsp;all their neighbours. When told that the men we had brought tonbsp;live among them could teach them thofe arts, and alfo better things,nbsp;they feemed quite tranfported. This favourable opportunity thenbsp;captain improved, by mentioning every circumftance that could raifcnbsp;in their minds an high idea of the miflionaries j interrogating Moo-môoe as to his willingnefs for them to refide there, and alfo whatnbsp;provifion he would make for them : to which he anfwered, that fornbsp;the prefent they fhould have a houfe near his own, until one morenbsp;fuitable could be provided ; they fhould alfo have a piece of landnbsp;for their ufe j and he would take care that neither their property nor

perfons fliould be molefted : adding, that, if they pleafed, they might go on fhore and examine the houfe, when, if they did not like thenbsp;fituation, he would order it to be’removed to any fpot they preferred,nbsp;for this he could have done in a few hours.

For this purpofe I was fent in the pinnace, with Ambler and four of the miffionaries, and landed about four miles to the weft wardnbsp;of where the fhip lay. The natives, as the boat approached, crowdednbsp;the Ihore, apparently to gratify their curiofity only, for they all behaved peaceably, and fuffered us to pafs along unmolefted. Fromnbsp;the beach we had to walk about half a mile, and when arrived at thenbsp;place, we found it furrounded by a fence of reeds fix feet high,nbsp;enclofing three or four acres of ground : on which ftood five houfes,nbsp;two large and three fmall : the largeft, intended for the milfionaries,nbsp;was thirty-fix feet long, twenty broad, roof fifteen feet high in thenbsp;middle, and floping to the fides till only four feet from the ground,nbsp;refting upon wood pillars, and open all round : the floor was raifednbsp;about a foot, and covered with thick clean matting. On the infidenbsp;there hung to the crofs beams an anchor, about fix hundred weight ;nbsp;they had made a Ihift to cut the ring out with hatchets, and fhared itnbsp;among the chiefs. It was of Englilli form, and probably the famenbsp;Cook loft in 1774, though Ambler informed us they had it fromnbsp;Annamöoka, where it was left by an American brig.

From this we palTed to the other large houfe, w'hich, we were told by Ambler, was facred to the God of Prëtane, and in this oldnbsp;Moomöoe Heeps when indifpofed, in hopes to obtain a cure. On thenbsp;floor were four large conch-Ihells, with which they alarm the countrynbsp;in times of danger : and on the rafters were placed fpears, clubs,nbsp;bows and arrows, to receive from their imaginary deity fupernaturalnbsp;virtue, to render them fuccefsful againft their enemies. The wholenbsp;of this enclofure, we underftood, was what the natives call an abêy,nbsp;of which there are feveral j it being their manner of laying out theirnbsp;dwellings, and which is properly the freehold of the chiefs who oc«nbsp;cupy them.

Our bufinefs being done, we returned to the Ihip, where we found the natives taking their departure for the Ihore. And in this intervalnbsp;of reft from noife and tumult the captain and miftionaries met tonbsp;confult on what was now beft to be done. The latter had feen thenbsp;houfe, approved of it, but thought the ground attached thereto toonbsp;fmall for their purpofes of gardening and agriculture, Befides thisnbsp;objeólion, another and greater was, that Moomooe, being an old man,nbsp;might foon die ; in which cafe, efpecially if they were efteemednbsp;iifeful, a difpute might arife among the chiefs about whofe propertynbsp;they ftiould be, or who fliould be their next protestor j and were thisnbsp;to happen before they had attained a knowledge of the language, theynbsp;would not only be in danger of being ftripped of their property, butnbsp;alfo of loftng their lives. A third objection was, that the chiefs moftnbsp;ufually refiding at Aheefo, a place at the weft end of the ifland, andnbsp;drawing after them the greater part of the inhabitants, would innbsp;a great meafure fruftrate their ufefulnefs. Therefore it was onlynbsp;agreed to go to this houfe, if they could do no better ; but firft to fendnbsp;Ambler early in the morning to Fëenou Töogahowe, to propofe theirnbsp;refiding with him ; and, if he willingly embraced the öfter, they wouldnbsp;immediately land with fuch part of their property only as they con-fidered it was abfolutely necelTary to take.

While Moomooe and the crowd of chiefs were in the cabin, they regaled themfelves with a bowl of kava, which, though a deliciousnbsp;treat to them, was fo difgufting to us, that we could not pofiiblynbsp;go to dinner till they had finiflied, when it was near four in the afternoon.

12th. By daybreak in the morning the canoes hurried off to the fllip, endeavouring which ftiould get neareft, to trade. Among ournbsp;vifitors of note the firft was Futtafäihe, who came early, bringingnbsp;Connelly with him, to fpeak to the captain to place five of the mif-fionaries with him. But for the reafons above mentioned, they wouldnbsp;not confent to live on this part of the ifland, nor to feparate, if pofRble,nbsp;till they were better acquainted with the language and people a

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promife to vifit him when they were fettled gave him but little fatif-fadlion.

At nine o’clock Ambler came off with Tôogahowe, who had already agreed with the former to take all the brethren under his protedion,nbsp;alfo to give them a houfe, and the land attached to it, for their ufe.nbsp;Tôogahowe, by Ambler’s account, is the moft powerful chief in thenbsp;ifland j is the greateft warrior, and in confequence thereof is not onlynbsp;a terror to the chiefs of Tongataboo, but likewife to thofe of thenbsp;adjacent iflands, which he vifited not long ago in a hoftile way, andnbsp;quickly brought them under fubjeólion. We were further informednbsp;concerning him, that on the death of a certain chief, the widow of thenbsp;former Poülaho, refiding in Eöoa, fent her fervant to poflefs the landsnbsp;which the deceafed had occupied, and which now belonged by rightnbsp;to her ; but before they arrived, Tôogahowe had feized the property,nbsp;and refufed to deliver it up. The widow, who had many adherents,nbsp;proceeded to drive him off by force ; but the attempt failed on her part,nbsp;and gave Tôogahowe a pretext for feizing all her polfeflions, andnbsp;driving her and her adherents from Tongataboo. Since that he hasnbsp;held his neighbours in a Rate of fear j infomuch that it is thoughtnbsp;when Moomôoe dies he will be formally chofcn into his place ofnbsp;great chief, or king of the ifland. He is a ftout man, and may benbsp;about forty years of age ; is of a füllen, morofe countenance ; Ipeaksnbsp;very little, but, when angry, bellows forth with a voice like thenbsp;roaring of a lion.

As he came near to the fhip the natives readily made way for his canoe, and behaved with fuch great awe in his prefence as tended tonbsp;confirm the account we had heard, and led us to confider him as thenbsp;moft proper perfon under whofe proteétion we might place the brethren.nbsp;Ambler, as above mentioned, had already informed him of our defign;nbsp;but for the fatisfaólion of the milfionaries, the captain, in their prefence,nbsp;with Ambler as interpreter, again recited every particular of our intentions, and what we required of them j obferving, that our foie inducement to come fo far was to do them good, on which account we did

April.] TO THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;105

not think ourfelves under the lead: obligation to them for permitting us to fettle in their country, as was hinted the day before by Moomooe ;nbsp;but, on the contrary, if they were unwilling to receive our people onnbsp;the conditions mentioned, or were not defirous of their ftay, the captain’s determination was, to depart in a friendly manner, withoutnbsp;landing a man. Töogahowe feemed to underftand the greater partnbsp;of what was faid, and made anfwer, that, if they chofe to land, theynbsp;might live there as they pleated, and that nobody tlioiild hurt them ;nbsp;and in the afternoon he would fend a double canoe to take their thingsnbsp;on fliore. However, though the chief comprehended what wenbsp;deemed fufficient for our prefent purpofe, it would be wrong tonbsp;fuppofe, after all our pains to make it plain, that he could have anbsp;conception of the difinterefted views of the miffionaries, nor yetnbsp;divcft himfelf of the idea of conferring a favour, in receiving andnbsp;afterwards maintaining them.

Ambler, with Töogahowe, had not been long on board, when he informed us of a defign, which, if ever put in execution, wouldnbsp;probably have ended the voyage, if not our lives, at this place. Thenbsp;plot, he told us, was to attack the fhip, and at that moment everynbsp;man in eight large double canoes, and in many hundred fingle ones,nbsp;were apprized of the intention, and prepared to join as foon as thenbsp;attack commenced. This was alarming intelligence ; and though wenbsp;fufpedted it a forgery of Ambler’s, yet it behoved us to credit it tillnbsp;we had by fecret and expeditious means prepared to repel them.nbsp;Accordingly, the fmall arms were laid in readinefs, and the greatnbsp;guns caft loofe and loaded with grape fhot, and every man at hisnbsp;quarters. We then turned all the natives out of the fhip, exceptnbsp;Tôogahowç and his attendants, likewife ordered all the canoes fromnbsp;alongfide ; and they, obferving an unufual ftir upon the decks, andnbsp;the guns levelled at them, obeyed rather haftily j drawing up in anbsp;range ahead and aftern of the fliip, where they lay in that manner anbsp;, confiderable time, feemingly in expectation of our firing a falute to divertnbsp;them, as former navigators might perhaps have done. Finding at laft

that this was not what we intended, they wanted to come alongside again -, but only a few finglc ones were fufFered to approach ; nornbsp;would we ever after permit the double canoes alongfide, nor to makenbsp;their rope fall to the fhip.

The truth of Ambler’s information we could never learn. As for the canoes theering off fo readily, and lying ahead and aftern of thenbsp;fhip, as if no mifchief had been intended, it is no proof of theirnbsp;innocence, for cunning and indifference is the favage manner otnbsp;alt;fting till they are openly detedled. What offends them is often ofnbsp;fo trifling a nature, that, pafling without our notice, their revengenbsp;comes unexpedfed. It was faid that Fëenou, who came in the largenbsp;double canoe when we firfl: anchored, was at the head of this plot jnbsp;and his reafon for it, that he received nothing in return for a pignbsp;which he brought us yefterday, which pig the captain had confi-dered as a compenfation for what he received on his firfl: vifit : butnbsp;Fëenou, when we faw him, flatly difowned having ever thought ofnbsp;doing us the leaft mifchief ; however, it gave us no fmall fatisfac-tion to fee the canoes difperfe, for they could not contain lefs thannbsp;three thoufand men, each armed with a formidable club or fpearj fonbsp;that, had they made a rufli upon our decks, where were only thirtynbsp;undifciplined men to oppofe them, they mufl: have fucceeded.

Juft as this affair had fubfided, Moomöoe called alongfide with a prefent of a few yams for the captain, requefting in return a glafs ofnbsp;red wine, faying that what he drank the day before had been fer-viceable to him : a bottle was accordingly put into the canoe, and henbsp;immediately left us. We were all much prejudiced in favour of thisnbsp;old chief, and beheld with concern that he was hafting faft to thatnbsp;bourn from whence no traveller returns.

Futtafäihe and Mytyle, two great chiefs, came down between decks, joined with us in our devotions, and followed all our attitudes in thenbsp;profoundeft filence. They would fain have engaged us to go withnbsp;them ; but at Ambler’s perfuafion, and promife to learn us the language, we agreed to fix at his houfe.

Afril.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;107

In the afternoon the canoe came for the miffionaries’ things, and Was immediately loaded ; Bowell, Buchanan, Gaulton, Harper,nbsp;Shelley, Vecfon, and Wilkinfon, accompanied by B. Ambler, embarked in it, and proceeded weftward to a place called Aheefo. Anbsp;petty chief, named Commabye, was ordered by Töogahowe to gonbsp;with them and fee that nothing was loft. Kelfo, Cooper, and Nobs,nbsp;remained on board to prepare the reft of the things.

13th. This morning, finding the natives crowd about us as much as ever, and likely to be troublefome, the ftream anchor was orderednbsp;on board. A paflage out of this harbour by the north was a defirablenbsp;objed, either in cafe of a ftrong eafterly wind, or an attack from thenbsp;natives, when by cutting the cable an efcape might beeffeóled : therefore the captain intended to go in fcarch of it ; and accordingly wenbsp;were under way by nine o’clock, and, with a fine breeze from thenbsp;caftward and clear weather, ftretched over towards the fmall iflandnbsp;of Faffaa, into fix fathoms, broken ground ; then ftood towardsnbsp;Attatäa, founding as we run along in twelve, thirteen, and fourteennbsp;. fathoms, until within two miles of the latter ifland, where, feeingnbsp;the canoe coming with fome of the brethren in her, we anchored innbsp;twelve fathoms, broken ground.

About three o’clock in the afternoon (he got alongfide j three of the miffionaries were on board of her : they faid that xAhëefo was farthernbsp;from the ffiip than they at firft underftood it to be j and the landingnbsp;with goods was very bad, by reafon of a flat which runs from thenbsp;beach about half a mile, and over which they were obliged to wadenbsp;up to the knees ; and after they got to the beach, had to go furthernbsp;than a mile to reach the houfe ; difficulties which made the landingnbsp;of their things fo tedious, that fix hours were fully employed innbsp;houfing them fafe : this great trouble was in fome degree leftened bynbsp;the natives. Their perfons were not molefted ; and though it wasnbsp;dark, not a Angle article of their property was loft. It was near onenbsp;in the morning before all was fafe, and the houfe left to themfelves.nbsp;quot;rhey then went to reft, refigning their'perfons and property into thenbsp;p 2

io8 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

hands of their God ; and told us, when they came next day, that they never flept founder in their lives. In the morning the nativesnbsp;provided a breakfaft for them after the manner of the country. Atnbsp;nine o’clock they fet off for the Ihip, and, having the wind unfavourable, were juft fix hours on their paflage. Every thing was innbsp;rfeadinefs j therefore the canoe was immediately difpatched, leavingnbsp;on board fufficient for another lading. And that they might havenbsp;whatever-was thought for the prefent neceflary, Buchanan and Nobsnbsp;ftaid on board to fee that fuch things were got in readinefs.

The cargo brought on fhore was furrounded by a hundred perfons, who alarmed brothers Harper and Kelfo ; but Mytyle ordered thenbsp;chefts into a houfe near, and difmifled the people, threatening if anynbsp;man, during the night, approached to fteal, he fhould be put tonbsp;death. So we lay down on mats, in perfedl fecurity, till waked bynbsp;Mytyle, at one o’clock in the morning, to partake of an entertainment, which he had provided, of fifli, hot yams, cocoa-nuts, amp;c.

Before we weighed in the morning a woman of rank paid us a vifit ; fhe was attended by many chiefs, and a vaft number of females,nbsp;who were all officious in their care of the old lady, whofe amazingnbsp;corpulence rendered her coming on board rather difficult. After hernbsp;there came four ftout fellowS'carrying a bundle of cloth, not quite fonbsp;large but that two of them might have carried it with eafe ; this wasnbsp;prefented in form to the captain, who gave her in return fuch thingsnbsp;as fully fatisfied her. The fhip being under fail we could not benbsp;quite fo attentive to this great perfonage, as, according to their ideas ofnbsp;ceremony, they might expedl ; however, any omiffion of ours theynbsp;found means to difpenfe with, by regaling themfelves in the cabinnbsp;over the kava bowl for about two hours, when fiie was told that thenbsp;fllip had got a confiderable diftance from her houfe : on this theynbsp;hafted into the canoe, and made fail for the ffiorc.

The refpedl paid to this old lady, and to many of her fex in Tongataboo, diftinguifhes them from the fervile condition to which females are fubjedled in other favage ftaies or tribes. Here they poflefs the

liigheft degrees of rank, and fupport it with a dignity and firmnefs equal to the men.

Futtafäihe was on board moft of the day, and was ftill very importunate to have fome of the miffionaries with him.

Towards the evening the weather became dark and unfettled, the wind alfo variable from the weftward, which, though not defirablenbsp;to us, was embraced by thofe who long for the night, that they maynbsp;put their dark defigns in execution. About midnight a canoe withnbsp;four men was obferved lying ahead of the Ihip, evidently for nonbsp;good purpofe, but, as we fufpedled, to cut the cable, that the fhipnbsp;might drive upon the coral reef, which at this time was only a fhortnbsp;half mile aftern of us : however, as we had obferved them in time, wenbsp;determined to drive them off without firing fhot, and for that purpofenbsp;the gunner and his watch mates laid a quantity of cocoa-nut hulksnbsp;upon the forecaftle. Prefently, under cover of a fquall, they droppednbsp;under the bow : without making the leaft noife for fear any ofnbsp;them Ihould get into the water unfeen, and hurt the cable, a volleynbsp;of the hulks was poured on their heads, the fudden furprife ofnbsp;which caufed them to leap into the water, fome fwimming one waynbsp;and fome another, whilft the canoe, totally deferred, drifted aftern :nbsp;a mulket was alfo fired over their heads, that they might know thofenbsp;inftruments of terror were in readinefs by night as well as by day.nbsp;As it was very dark, we foon loft fight of the men, but thinking-thenbsp;canoe would prove the circumftance to the chiefs, and lead to a dif-covery of the offenders, we therefore lowered the jolly-boat downnbsp;and picked her up. All the while it rained hard and blew frellr,nbsp;and lometimes we could perceive the white furf breaking on the reefnbsp;aftern ; fo .that, had they fucceeded in their defign, which wasnbsp;doubtlefs to cut the cable, then the lliip at leaft muft have beennbsp;loft in confequence of their infatiable defire for her lading.

14th. This difagreeable night was fucceeded by a morning altogether mild and pleafant ; and with a clear Iky and gentle breeze wefterly, we again got under way in fearch of the northern paffage,

if there was a fafe one : and as Captain Cook, on entering in 1777, firuck on rocks, and defcribes the way they came as dangerous, wenbsp;explored farther to the weft ward. The wind veering to the north,nbsp;we had to ply, founding in ten, twelve, fourteen, and fifteen fathoms,nbsp;broken ground ; an officer at the mail-head looking out for Ihoals ;nbsp;on one fpot which ffiewed white we had only fix fathoms. As wenbsp;drew near to the outer reefs an eligible paflage was obferved, for whichnbsp;we fteered, and went fafe through, leaving only one of all the reefsnbsp;extending from Attatâa on our fiarboard fide : this reef is of a triangular form, and bears from Faffäa N.W. | N. ; and when clofe to itnbsp;on the inner fide, the north end of Attatâa bears W. 35“ S. andnbsp;Mallenooah £.9“ S. by the compafs j and thence through the channelnbsp;the courfe is about W. N.W.

Confidering our diftance from the fhore, we expected to have but few vifitors : on the contrary, feveral canoes followed us quitenbsp;without the reefs ; but, on account of laft night’s adventure, nonenbsp;of them were admitted on board, except our confiant friend Futta-f äihe, who prefented the captain with a fine turtle : he exprefled greatnbsp;dilapprobation of his countrymen’s behaviour ; faid he knew thenbsp;men, but as they did not belong to the part of the ifland over whichnbsp;he prefided, he could not punifli them.

Being now without all the Ihoals, we fleered towards the well end, to be nearer to the brethren, and at three in the afternoon the canoenbsp;came alongfidej Shelley and Cooper were in her. They reportednbsp;all was well ; that themfelves and thofe on Ihore were perfectly content with their fituation, and had abundant reafon to be thankfulnbsp;for the favour which they experienced from the natives. The canoenbsp;was completely loaded with the lafi of the things which they hadnbsp;laid together as fufficient for their purpofes till our return; but theynbsp;afterwards thought a -few boards might be of fervice in building anbsp;houfe more fuitable than that which they occupied j as the canoenbsp;could not take them, the captain agreed to wait till the next day :nbsp;however, as they had faws of every kind, there was no abfolute

April.]

neceflity for the boards; and the weather being uncertain, we took an affedtionate leave of the brethren ; promifing, not with ftanding, tonbsp;wait till the following day if poffible, and for that purpofe madenbsp;fhort tacks without the reefs for moft of the night. The wind N.N. W.nbsp;a frefh gale.

15th. At four in the morning we reefed the topfails, and tacked to the N. E. ; at fix tacked again to the weftward. By this time thenbsp;wind had increafed to a hard gale, which forced us to rclinquifti thenbsp;defign of ftaying longer : our fituation had now become fo critical,nbsp;by the wind blowing diredt upon the reefs, that our concern wasnbsp;how to clear the ifland beft upon either tack : to effedt this, we keptnbsp;our ftretch towards the weftward of the ifland, and expedled tonbsp;go clear of all danger ; but as we approached within three or fournbsp;miles of the point, bearing then about three points of the compafsnbsp;upon our lee bow, we faw heavy breakers ahead. In this cafe, tonbsp;bear up in hopes of a paffage between the reefs and the point, wasnbsp;rifking a difappointment which muft inevitably prove fatal, as wenbsp;ftiould then have no offing to return ; therefore we tacked, to try ifnbsp;we could weather the north-eaft reefs, but foon perceived this to benbsp;impoffible. The gale had increafed fo much, that we could hardlynbsp;carry double-reefed top fails, and we found the fhip was driving fallnbsp;towards the reefs ; fo that by the time we were abreaft of Attatâa, wenbsp;faw plainly that, except we could fetch the paflage we had found outnbsp;the day before, nothing remained but fhipwreck. Providentially wenbsp;juft weathered the reef on the weft fide of the channel by two or threenbsp;fllips lengths, and running through with affurance were foon oncenbsp;again in fafety, thankful for fo fignal a deliverance.

We were now in the harbour, but having no fufficient reafon to anchor in fo hard a gale, which alfo blew fair for us to proceed tonbsp;the fouth-eaft on our voyage, we fteered for the eaftern channel outnbsp;of the harbour, and were once more alarmed with danger ; for innbsp;funning through the narrow paffage betwixt Moonafäi and Mäk-kahah, by not hauling to the eaftward in time, we nearly ran upon

the rocks. This was occafioned by the flying clouds through which the fun broke at intervals, and formed very delufory appearancesnbsp;upon the water. The captain was aloft looking out, and thoughtnbsp;he faw a Ihoal on the larboard bow ; he called to port the helm,nbsp;but the appearance vanifhing, he ordered it a-ftarboard. That inftantnbsp;we found ourfelves clofe to the lee reef, and running direótly for it.nbsp;The fliip was flill under the influence of the port helm, thereforenbsp;we put it hard down that way, and in a few féconds fhe was clofenbsp;to the wind on the ftarboard tack, the reef fcarce twenty yards tonbsp;leeward of her, and about half a cable’s length to run before we muftnbsp;heave her in flays, and upon her not miffing, her fafety depended.nbsp;The crew exerted themfelves, got the mizen fet, and we had thenbsp;joy to fee her come about on the other tack, check the current uponnbsp;the lee bow, and foon afterwards clear of danger and in good fearoom J then fleering betwixt Eoo-aije and Eöoa, we proceeded tonbsp;make the befl of our way to the Marquefas. Thus, after perils thenbsp;mofl imminent, and providential deliverances the mofl evident, wenbsp;were preferved in health for the accompliffiment of the work appointed us to do, and had planted a feed of divine truth which, wenbsp;hope, will take root and flourifh to the latefl generations.

CHAPTER X.

Voyage to the Marquefas. — Difcoveries made. — ‘tranjahîions at Chrtßtna.

Happily extricated from the dangers which furrounded us in Tongataboo harbour, and once more pafled into the open fea, fornbsp;the firft five days we had favourable winds, which fliortened ournbsp;diftance about eight hundred miles ; but afterwards, during moft ofnbsp;the time that we were to the fouthward of the tropic, we experiencednbsp;fucceffive gales from the eaftward, with high feas and raw coldnbsp;weather. The highefl latitude we flood into was 39“ 7''S. where wenbsp;cxpeóled to find the winds prevail more weflerly, but there was notnbsp;the leafl appearance of it j only we had much worfe weather, andnbsp;the fllip was fuffering in her fails and rigging : therefore we tackednbsp;to the northward into a more genial climate, and kept in about thenbsp;latitude 30° S. embracing every opportunity to get to the eâflward.

The cold weather afièóled our Otaheiteans very much j the boy Harraway, however, kept up his fpirits j Tänno Manoo alfo behavednbsp;very well j flic had got clear of her fea-ficknefs, and by conduólingnbsp;herfelf in a modefl, affable, and obliging manner, was kindly treatednbsp;by all on board : fhe was alfo of a good natural underflanding, evidently fufceptible of improvement, and always ready to communiatejnbsp;and was of great fervice to Mr. Crook and others who were learning the language ; for by her means many of the fhibboleths of thenbsp;Swedes’ pronunciation were corrected, and better explanations givennbsp;of the words. The captain gave her a warm week-day drefs, and anbsp;fliewy morning gown and petticoat for the Sundays j and as flienbsp;always kept herfelf clean, when dreffed flie made a- very decent

appearance; taking more pains to cover her breads, and even to keep her feet from being feen, than mod of the ladies of Englandnbsp;have of late done. Tom was under the greated appréhendons, andnbsp;was fully perfuaded that he diould die before he again reached Ota-heite ; in one of the gales he afked the captain if the fliip wouldnbsp;not die : indeed, during mod of the paflage he was very low-fpirited, and differed more than the others from the cold. We couldnbsp;teach him nothing, and could hardly perfuade him to take any ex-ercife ; while Harraway became a very ufeful boy in the fhip, couldnbsp;underdand almod any thing that was faid, and would run to do whatnbsp;he was defired with great readinefs. Crook taught him the alphabet ;nbsp;alfo to read feveral fhort words in the Otaheitean language, of whichnbsp;he printed a few for the purpofe. Thus much I have thought fitnbsp;to mention concerning them, becaufe I think both Härraway andnbsp;Tänno Manoo are proofs that the Otaheiteans taken young, and keptnbsp;from being held up as thews by us like Omai, and from the infatuating diverfions of their own ifland, are capable of receiving in-druétion. However, thefe two were rather too old ; they had heardnbsp;and believed the dories their countrymen are ufed to relate; andnbsp;perhaps all reafoning whatever would be impofl'ible to remove thenbsp;prejudices inculcated by thofe dories, till the Spirit of God givesnbsp;conviction to the confcience.

On the 19th of May the obferved didance of the fun and moon gave the longitude 323° 5'' E. ; the chronometer, at the fame time,nbsp;322° 49^ E. On the 23d we difcovered land; at eight A.M. thenbsp;extremities of a low ifland bore from W. 25° S. to W. 33° S. didantnbsp;about five leagues ; and a high hummock, at à great didance, borenbsp;W. 3° S.; and another higher W. 3° N. This being a new difcovery,nbsp;we tacked a little before noon, on purpofe to take a nearer view.nbsp;Latitude at noon 33° 8^ S. long. 325° 40''E. There being fcarcelynbsp;any wind, we made our approach but flowly, fo that night came onnbsp;before we got near ; therefore we fliortened fail, and lay by till thenbsp;morning.

1

May.]

24th. At daylight we flood towards the land, and as'we drew near found it very low and in form of a crefcent, with a lagoon innbsp;the middle, into which the fea broke in feveral parts of the fouth-weftnbsp;fide, though no opening appeared that would admit a boat. Wenbsp;perceived that it was inhabited ; therefore, when within a mile ofnbsp;the north-eaft fide, we hove the fliip to, and putting two feamen innbsp;the jolly-boat, Mr. Wm. Wilfon and Mr. Falconer, with Peter andnbsp;Otaheitean Tom, who dreffed himfelf for the occafion in a piece ofnbsp;his own new cloth, rowed towards the fhore, intending to landnbsp;if the natives were friendly ; and as a means of ingratiating our-felves into their favour, took beads, looking-glafles, and iron tools ;nbsp;alfo fome Englifh coin, to leave as a teftimony of our vifit. But onnbsp;our approach they colledled themfelves in a body to oppofe our landing. As they walked along the Ihore, the women followed with fpears,nbsp;the only weapons we faw j thefe they fhook in a threatening manner,nbsp;and made figns for us to be gone. Tom flood up, fliewed them hisnbsp;fkin, his cloth, and tattou marks ; and fpoke to them in his language, which they feemed not to underfland. Intent on their fafetynbsp;only, and the defence of the barren fpot they inhabited, they aélednbsp;as if we were known enemies, viewing us with little curiofity ornbsp;aflonifhment. Finding that all our manœuvres to conciliate themnbsp;had no effeót, and that even to approach fufficiently near to givenbsp;them any thing would expofe us to a flone or a fpear, and perhapsnbsp;oblige us to fire upon them, we returned to the fhip, and hoiflingnbsp;the boat up, fleered for the higher ifland, which bears from thisnbsp;W. N.W. about nine or ten leagues.

This was named Crefcent ifland, on account of its form ; it is fix or feven miles in circumference, and lies in lat. 2^° 22'^ S. long.nbsp;^25° 30' E.

There were many of-the wharra trees upon it, and fome others of a ufelefs kind. The fhore is grey coral fand and flones thrown up by thenbsp;violence of the fea, forming a wall at the fouth-eafl point aboutnbsp;twenty or thirty feet above the furface : on this point there were three

piles of coral ftoncs ; two were built round and'fmall, and one fquare^ the fides of which might be about twelve feet and fix in height, withnbsp;a hole at one fide, fccmingly to creep in at.

The natives whom we faw, were twenty-five in number, including three or four women carrying children at their backs j and thefe probably were all that are on the ifland. They are of a light copper colournbsp;and of middling ftature ; there is a fimilarity in the accent of their language to the other iflanders with whom we are acquainted, but thenbsp;dafliing of the fea againft the fliore prevented Tom from hearing fonbsp;diftindlly as to underftand them.

Some were quite naked, except a piece of cloth round their middle ; others had a large piece of cloth thrown over their fiioulders, andnbsp;reaching half way down the leg : one, who perhaps was the chief,nbsp;wore a piece of very white cloth round his head in form of a turban.nbsp;We could not perceive they wore any ornaments.

Upon what they fubfifted it was difficult to imagine, for they neither have bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, or any fruit-trees whatever ; nor couldnbsp;we, with the whole ifland in view, fee one canoe wherewith to filh ;nbsp;fo that they mull either be tranfient vifitors from the high ifland, ornbsp;if permanent fettlers, and in any degree fenfible of their fituation,nbsp;muft be mifcrably wretched indeed.

It was noon when we left Crefeent ifland, and'foon after we had a frefh breeze northerly, attended with fqualls and rain, which laftednbsp;about an hour, then cleared up, and gradually declined to little wind.;nbsp;fo that for a while we made but tittle way. At three P. M. a galenbsp;fprung up at E.S.E. and it again became hazy with rain. V/enbsp;diredled our courfe W. N.W. towards an ifland with two high hillsnbsp;that lie contiguous to each other, and are fo lofty as to be difeoverednbsp;when diftant fourteen or fifteen leagues. Thefe, for diftinélion’snbsp;fake, were named Duff ’s mountains.

When within three leagues, we faw a reef ahead, and the fsa breaking very high upon it : this obliged us to alter our courfe tonbsp;N.N.W. which we expedled would lead us clear of every danger

May.] .

which lay on the eaft fide of the ifland ; but in this we were miß-taken ; for after running thus about an hour we had a better view, and it appeared that Duff’s mountains were part of an ifland aboutnbsp;three leagues in length, with lèverai of con fi der able height andnbsp;extent to the fouth and fouth-eaft of it ; the whole forming a groupnbsp;five or fix leagues long, lying in a direction nearly N.E. by N. andnbsp;S.W. by S. ; and a reef which lies off about three miles from the mainnbsp;ifland, and probably encircles the whole as a defenfive barrier, extended as far each way as we could fee with the eye. Upon this reefnbsp;were feveral dry fpots, upon which clufters of trees grew, and appeared like fo many fmall low iflands without the higher ones. Itnbsp;was now the dulk of the evening, and we had one of thofe halfdrowned fpots ahead, bearing N.W. by N. and others in fight beyondnbsp;it ; and uncertain what dangers more might lie in our way, it wasnbsp;refolved to fpend the night within the fpace we already knew j andnbsp;accordingly we hauled our wind to the N.E. under an eafy fail. Thenbsp;natives on the north end of the ifland had obferved our approach,nbsp;and they, to alarm their countrymen, as foon as it was dark made anbsp;• large fire, which at times prefented a very curious phenomenon, appearing like fix or feven detached lights, then prefently joiningnbsp;fliewed as if the fide of a mountain was wholly in a blaze.nbsp;This light, which they kept burning till near daybreak, proved, anbsp;real benefit to us as a guide; for the night was very dark, withnbsp;variable winds and fqualls, and heavy rain.

At fix in the morning the north part of the iflands bore N.W. diftant two or three leagues ; when, with a frefh gale from the N.E.nbsp;we fleered W, N.W. clofe to the reefs ; and from this flation obfervednbsp;it to trend fouth about five miles, then to the S.W. farther than wenbsp;could fee : thence we hauled towards the northernmofl part of thenbsp;reef, where was a fmall iflet, upon which were aflembled about fiftynbsp;*nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;natives armed with fpears ; and as we pafled the place where they

flood, within a quarter of a mile, we obferved boys taking flones off the beach, and making geflures as if they would tlirow.

I

[1797-

them at us : the men alfo Ihewing marks of a hoftile difpofition, walked along the fhore to keep abreaft of the fhip, but as we leftnbsp;them fall they retired behind the trees. Thefe trees feemed to be ofnbsp;the fame worthlefs kind as thofe at Crefcent ifland ; the natives alfo,nbsp;in colour, ftature, and drefs. exadly the fame as thofe we faw there.nbsp;Weobferved no canoes, though it is moft probable they have fome, asnbsp;thefe people muft have come from the high ifland either in a canoe ornbsp;by wading, which latter feems impraticable. The main ifland, andnbsp;thofe fcattered about it, are, as before noticed, all high, and thenbsp;reef keeping the fea quite füll about them, they prefent a view romantic, wild, and barren: the valleys, however, appear covered withnbsp;trees, but of what kind we could not perceive, though fome faidnbsp;they could diftinguifh cocoa-nut trees ; and it is certainly likely theynbsp;fliould have the fruits and roots common to the other iflands, andnbsp;muft have abundance of fifh.

The tops of the hills, to about half way down, are chiefly covered with fun-burnt grafs ; and in fome places there are fpots of reddifh foil, as on the middle grounds of Otaheite.

The group was named Gambier’s iflands, in compliment to the worthy admiral of that name, who, in his department, countenancednbsp;our equipment. Duff’s mountains, which lie in the centre, 'are innbsp;lat. 23° 12'' S. and in long. 225° E.

We had now got fufticient eafting, and were in the way of the trade-winds, therefore kept on our courfe to the northward ; all onnbsp;board in good health, and in no real want of any thing. But as thenbsp;paflage from the Friendly Illes had already been longer than we ex-pefted, the captain thought it neceflary to pulh on for the Marquefas jnbsp;and on this account, though we had reafon to fuppofe ourfelves in anbsp;dangerous part of the ocean, we run by night as well as day ; onlynbsp;put the Ihip under a proper fail for altering our courfe on any fuddennbsp;emergency.

26th. At half paft five in the morning, juft as the day broke, we thought we faw low land ahead, and feeming to be very clofe.

wore fllip and flood from it about a quarter of an hour, then tacked towards it again, when the day prefented to our view the imminentnbsp;danger we had efcaped. For that part which we were running for,nbsp;and many others, were even with the water’s edge, the fea wafhingnbsp;over them into the lagoon ; and it is very probable, that, had thenbsp;weather been hazy, or the day not fo near, we might have ftrucknbsp;before we either faw the rocks or heard the fea beat upon them, as itnbsp;made but little noifc. The ifland is in length about feventeen milesnbsp;from eaft to weft, and in breadth about eight or nine miles : andnbsp;upon the reef which enclofes the lagoon, there are feveral clumpsnbsp;of trees, but no cocoa-nut or other fruit-trees that we could fee, nornbsp;any fign of inhabitants. This ifland, lying in lat. 21° 36' S. bynbsp;obfervation, and in long. 224° 36' E. by chronometer, is probablynbsp;the fame called Lord Hood’s ifland by Captain Edwards, who dif-covered it in the Pandora, 17th March 1791. We continued ournbsp;courfe, and in two or three hours were out of fight of it. In thenbsp;duik of the evening of the following day we thought that we fawnbsp;high land on our lee beam ; but judging that to run down to put thenbsp;matter out of difpute would be taking us too much to leeward, wenbsp;left it for fome future navigator to determine. However, if it reallynbsp;be an ifland, it muft lie nearly in latitude 20° 30' S. and about thenbsp;longitude of 223° 18^ E.

28th, At noon we obferved in latitude 18° 34^ S. and about three in the afternoon difcovered another low ifland bearing N. E. As itnbsp;is not laid down in any of the charts, and the wind at N.W. beingnbsp;againft us, we kept our ftretch towards it, and as we drew near foundnbsp;it a lagoon ifland, with patches of trees on different parts around it.nbsp;On the north-weft end cocoa-nuts were growing, and near them anbsp;clump of lofty dark-coloured trees. Two clumps alfo of the famenbsp;kind flood at a little diflance from each other on the fouth-eaft part :nbsp;thefe lafl we named Turk’s Cap and Friar’s Hood.

At half paft feven o’clock we tacked within a mile of the north end, then took the topgallant-fails in, hauled the courfes up, and

[1797-during the night made fhort tacks under the topfails. In the morning, the 29th, we found ourfelves farther off than we expedted, owing to the leewardly current; and the wind changing to N. N. E.nbsp;with our larboard tacks aboard we Rood in, and at eight o’clocknbsp;had the fouth point of the ifland bearing E. j N. diftant three miles.nbsp;Shortly after it fell little wind, and we lowered the jolly-boat down,nbsp;rowed clofe to the Ihore, and tried to effcól a landing, but found itnbsp;impradl icable, 'on account of the high furf which beat upon the coralnbsp;rocks. Suppofing we might find a -better place, we rowed alongnbsp;fhore two or three miles, till we came to the fouth-eaft fide, but had thenbsp;mortification to find it every where the fame, therefore we returnednbsp;to the Ihip. Obferved at noon in lat. 18“ 24' S. ; the extremes ofnbsp;the ifland from N. 14° W. to N. 56“ W. We had feen no figns ofnbsp;inhabitants, and having loft hopes of finding a landing-place, thenbsp;captain had determined to leave this ifland and proceed on our voyagenbsp;as faft as the unfavourable winds we then had would permit.

In the courfe of the night we had paffed to windward of the ifland, and at fix in the morning had the north-weft end bearing S.WÆy S.nbsp;and the fea being then fmooth encouraged a hope of procuring anbsp;few cocoa-nuts for our people, and herbage for the goats. Therefore we again fhaped our courfe towards it ; but, before we camenbsp;near it by four miles, it fell almoft calm ; fo that, as the Ihip wentnbsp;but flowly down, we hoifted the pinnace out, and I, with the thirdnbsp;officer and a boat’s crew, with Peter and Tom, fet off in her.nbsp;When we had got about a mile round the point, all in the boatnbsp;(except one man and myfelf, who were but indifferent fwimmers)nbsp;got into the water and effeóled a landing, though the furf wasnbsp;very high. From the edge of the reef they had to walk about anbsp;furlong, up to the knees in water, over a hard coral flat, before theynbsp;came to the trees : and while they were gone, I fhot three or fournbsp;man of war birds, and tried to catch fome of the beautiful fifh whichnbsp;fwam without the furf; but they were too fhy of the bait. Sharksnbsp;of various fipes were very numerous^

May.]

At noon they obfcrved at the fliip in 18’ nf S. the north-weft‘ end bearing S. S. W. i W. a mile and a half ; and an hour after, innbsp;rounding the point not more than a cable’s length off“ fliore, foundednbsp;with ninety fathoms of line, but found no bottom.

We had already hauled off“a few cocoa-nuts ; but this method was fo tedious, that all we could procure by it would not repay the trouble.nbsp;But juft about this time it was low water, and the furf fell remarkably, fo that by putting the boat’s ftern to the rocks I ftepped out,nbsp;without fo much as wetting my feet. This both encouraged thofenbsp;on fliore to go on, and being obferved from the fliip, induced themnbsp;to fend the jolly-boat with more hands to aflift us. And now wenbsp;were in hopes of getting a plentiful fupply without difficulty or danger } ignorant that it was poffible only at low water thus to pafs andnbsp;repafs. This we were to learn afterwards by unpleafant experience.

The land at this end of the ifland is about three furlongs in breadth ; upon it the only cocoa-nut trees grow, and upon that fidenbsp;next the lagoon, confequently the fartheft off“ from us. The waynbsp;to them, by palling through the other trees, is alfo very rough andnbsp;bad ; but by fearching, we found a pleafant road along the fide of anbsp;creek, leading from the fea into the lagoon, and fufficient in depth tonbsp;admit the jolly-boat, when the tide was up. Therefore this wasnbsp;propofed as our plan : to get as many nuts as polTible before four innbsp;the afternoon, and then bring the boat in for them.

Accordingly, by that time we had got about three hundred ; but, contrary to our expectations, as the tide rofe the furf increafed to fonbsp;great a degree as to render it almoft impoflible either to get them ornbsp;ourfelves fafely through it. However, to put it to the trial, the jollyboat was brought abreaft of the creek, and by watching an opportunitynbsp;was rowed through the furf, but not without ftriking on the rocks, bynbsp;which we knew there was no chance for the pinnace to get in. As therenbsp;were thirteen of us on fliore, the fmall boat was infufficient to carry off“nbsp;the whole. To make it ftill worfe, we faw the wind was increafing,nbsp;and the Iky become overcaft with dark clouds. Therefore, being

122 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

thus critically fituated, it was adopted as the moll; prudent plan, for thofe who could fwim but little to make the firft attempt in the jollyboat, and for the others to ftay on Ihore all night, and fo fwim off tonbsp;the boats in the morning. Accordingly, four of our number werenbsp;pitched upon to make the effort, and they probably would have fuc-ceeded, had not two others, who thought themfelves as bad fwimmersnbsp;as any, jumped in, and thereby making the boat too deep, fhenbsp;grounded on the rocks, where the fea broke, and filling her, itnbsp;was with difficulty they got back into fmooth water. This failurenbsp;damped all our fpirits, as we were very anxious to have fome morenbsp;hands on board to work the ffiip, left ffie fhould be blown to leeward,nbsp;and not be able to get up to us again. Thus urged by neceffity, thenbsp;third officer, with two men, made a fécond attempt, and fucceeded,nbsp;but not without being again half filled with water. When clear ofnbsp;the furf, they rowed to the pinnace, and both returned to the Ihip,nbsp;to inform the captain of the difagreeable news of myfelf and ninenbsp;more, including the'two Otaheiteans, being left on the ifland.

Our fituation on ffiore was extremely uncomfortable and alarming j however, to make the beft of it, after feeing the boats fafe off, wenbsp;walked up to the large clump of trees, and being thinly clothed andnbsp;quite wet, we endeavoured to make a fire j but after Otaheitean Tomnbsp;had tried two hours in vain for a light by friction, we were reducednbsp;to the neceffity of paffing the night without a fire. About ten o’clocknbsp;it began to rain very hard, and continued till three in the morning,nbsp;when there was a ffiort interval of fair weather, and then confiantnbsp;rain till near noon the next day. To all this we were expofed, fornbsp;the trees afforded us lhelter only till the branches were completelynbsp;wet, and this was very foon ; fo that I was apprehenfive of fevers atnbsp;leaft being the confequence of this drenching j but, to leffen its effeds,nbsp;requefted the men to walk about, and keep in motion, which theynbsp;did, and cheered each other by faying they fometimes faw the fhip’snbsp;light.

31ft. At daybreak the ftiip ftood clofe in, and the captain, who

May.]

was very anxious for our fafety, fent the pinnace to try and get us off J but with concern we beheld the furf higher than on the precedingnbsp;night, which obliged us to remain and wait the opportunity lownbsp;water might afford, falling out on this day about one o’clock in thenbsp;afternoon. They accordingly put back to the fhip, and prefentlynbsp;after came again to the edge of the furf, when one man leaped in andnbsp;got fafe to us with a bottle of brandy, which was of great fervice'innbsp;railing the drooping fpirits of the people, who had fpent fo bad anbsp;night, and had ftill a difficult talk to perform. This done, the boatnbsp;put off again, and about ten o’clock returned with a ftage made ofnbsp;fir deals, with directions from the captain to bring the boat to anbsp;grapnel as clofe to the furf as they could with fafety, and then,nbsp;after making a rope fall to the ftage, to veer it afhore within ournbsp;reach, when we were to get upon it and be hauled through the furf,nbsp;one or two at a time. Mr. Falconer was in the boat, and did asnbsp;directed ; but the back fweep of the fca prevented the ftage from evennbsp;entering the furf, fo that we were ftill in the fame fituation as before.nbsp;Thus difappointed, we walked along the fhore, to try if any betternbsp;place could be difeovered, the boat following abreafl of usj but wenbsp;found it alike dangerous. At one place two of us tried to fwim offnbsp;to the ftage, but were wafhed about, and nearly dafhed to piecesnbsp;againft the rocks, before the reft could help us out.

Low water was faft approaching, and nothing now remained but a chance of getting off at the place where I ftepped on fhore at the firft.nbsp;We accordingly returned thither, but were greatly difheartened to findnbsp;, it as bad as every other place : we refolved, however, to watch till thenbsp;time of low water was over j certain that if no opportunity offerednbsp;then, we mull: content ourfelves where we were, and that perhapsnbsp;for months, as the fhip was now driving fall: to leeward. Lownbsp;water at laft came, but the fea was ftill fo rough that Otaheiteannbsp;Tom, Mr. Crook, and fome more, walked up in delpair towardsnbsp;the clump of trees, to try if pofhble to procure fome dry wood, withnbsp;'vhich to get a light and a fire, which they flood much in need of,

R 2

[1797* being wet and cold, the wind blowing through their thin clothing.nbsp;But, to our great joy, they were fcarcely gone, when the fea at intervals became fmooth ; one man got oft' to the ftage, and was haulednbsp;to the boat. We inftantly called them to us, and by embracing everynbsp;opportunity, fwimming to the ftage one by one, we at length got allnbsp;fafe off. On trying to haul the grapnel up, we found it had fallennbsp;into the hollows of the coral rocks, which obliged us to cut the ropenbsp;and leave it behind. Thefe hollows add greatly to the danger ofnbsp;fwimming off to the boats, for if the fea forces up or retires fuddenly,nbsp;there is a rifle of falling into them and being hid under great flakesnbsp;of the rock. The dread of this, and of drowning in the furf, ba-nilhed from our thoughts the tharks which fwam thick about thenbsp;place. We now rowed towards the Ihip, which had drifted aboutnbsp;four miles to leeward. The captain was overjoyed to fee us, as werenbsp;all the crew. The boat was hoifted in, and we made fail, fully determined never again to venture a landing upon one of thofe lownbsp;half-drowned iHands, except obliged thereto by want or other abfo-lute neceflity.

This received the name of Serie’s ifland, in compliment to a gentleman of that name now in the Tranfport office, and author of Horæ Solitariæ and other valuable works. The latitude of its centrenbsp;is 18° 18'' S. long. 223° E.} it is in length from S. E. to N.W. fevennbsp;or eight miles, and in breadth four or five ; it has a lagoon in thenbsp;middle, where we obferved feveral fmall rocks above water. Thenbsp;reef without and the lagoon within abound with fifh, feveral ofnbsp;which were of the moft richly varied and beautiful colours that cannbsp;be conceived. As Mr. Robfon walked by the fide of the lagoon innbsp;the night, he obferved thoufands of young fliarks fwimming clofenbsp;to the Ihore. Mullet are very plentiful, and when low water leftnbsp;part of the reef dry, feveral fpotted eels iffued from holes, and on ournbsp;approach reared upon their tails, attempting to defend themfelves withnbsp;open mouth. The birds were the fame as at the other low iflands jnbsp;and befides there was here a bird about the fize and colour of a lark,

À

which we had not feen before ; and during the night we heard one whiftle like and equal to a blackbird : indeed, by their various notes,nbsp;there was reafon to fuppofe this place gave flielter to many differentnbsp;fpecies, with this peculiar feature, that they fung alrnoft all thenbsp;night long, though it rained and was very dark. We faw fome rats,nbsp;plenty of the red ((hell) crab, and a kind of land lobfter, whichnbsp;even the Otaheiteans were ftrangers to.

The trees are various as at Palmerfton’s ifland ; but the cocoa-nuts are fcarce here, and only found on the north-weft end : thofe whichnbsp;form the clumps are peculiar; they grow about fixty feet high, withnbsp;large trunks from four feet to four or five yards in circumference,nbsp;dividing about half way up into large branches, with a broad darknbsp;green leaf. As the foil is very thin, many of thefe trees had fallen,nbsp;their branches had taken root, and were again grown up to five ornbsp;fix trees as large as the old one. The wood appeared to be of nonbsp;ufe but to burn. Under lhelter of this grove there was regularlynbsp;built a moral of ftones, with one ftone at a little diftance placednbsp;upright : we alfo found the remains of two or three huts, and anbsp;plain fpace, with only one circular cut near the end. At one placenbsp;clofe by thefe were ftrewed on the ground vaft quantities of clamnbsp;(hells. All which proved the ifland to have been once inhabited ; butnbsp;whether the perfons had emigrated elfewhere, or become extinóf,nbsp;there was no remaining evidence whereon to form a conjeélure, as thenbsp;latter is as probable as the former j for it is likely they would benbsp;no more than the crew of one canoe, who, by the number of clamnbsp;(hells, muft have fubfifted here a confiderable time, perhaps tillnbsp;their canoe was rendered fit to tranfport them to another ifland. Itnbsp;is likely alfo that the cocoa-nut trees, as they grew fo partially andnbsp;fo near the moral, were of their planting ; and by the few of thefenbsp;which had fallen in the ufual manner, we fuppofe it could not benbsp;more than fifty years (ince they were firft planted.

One circumftance here is very ftriking, which is, that however fmall in number the wretched refugees might have been, a moral.

or place of worfliip, was thought by them indifpenfably neceflary ; it proves, that, however their ideas of fupernatural beings are bewildered, they ftill univerfally hold the fame tradition among them :nbsp;and notwithftanding the inhabitants of,different iflands give theirnbsp;peculiar names to their guardian deity, the manner of worlhip beingnbsp;every where the fame, proves the tradition originally to be from onenbsp;fource.

Concerning the formation of thefe low iflands the opinions of men are various ; but whether fuch a mafs of matter grows like a fhrub,nbsp;or be the work of millions of animalcules, is what I muff leave tonbsp;the learned. It appears, however, that in their perfedl Rate theynbsp;come no nearer to the furface than where the fea breaks upon them.nbsp;The part of this ifland that we were upon I fuppofe to have rifennbsp;about two or three furlongs in breadth, ahd by the force of the feanbsp;againft the outer edge the parts projedling were broken off ; thefe, asnbsp;the fea drove them towards the lagoon, would ftrike other parts andnbsp;force them off» a heavy ftorm coming on would, with irrefiftiblenbsp;violence, drive them up in a ridge at fome diftance from the fea-fide,nbsp;and near to the edge of the lagoon. This is evidently the cafe here.nbsp;The firft ridge lies within one hundred yards of the lagoon, andnbsp;about three furlongs from the edge of the reef next the fea. Thenbsp;fécond ridge runs within ten yards of the firft, and the furrow between is about ten or twelve feet deep. The other ridges, of whichnbsp;there are many, are nearly about the fame diftance, and the furrowsnbsp;the fame, differing only in proportion as we may fuppofe the ftormsnbsp;to have done which threw them up : thefe being compofed entirelynbsp;of large coral ftones, prove this to have been the caufe ; and the ridgesnbsp;lying lengthwife in a diredlion about north and fouth, demonftratenbsp;that no other than gales from the weftward could have producednbsp;this effedl on this fide of the ifland : and it is known, that windsnbsp;from that quarter, though not exceffively ftrong, raife a more hollownbsp;and heavy fwell than any other. At prefent, about a furlong fromnbsp;the outer edge of the reef, the ftones, after running over a flat of

June.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;127

that breadth, form a fteep wall not lefs than eight or ten yards above the furface of the fea ; but even over this height the ftones are driven,nbsp;and fhooting a confiderable way in, cover fome of the former ridges,nbsp;and form a gradual Hope. Indeed it is almoft incredible what large lumpsnbsp;, of folid coral lie thrown half way up the fteep wall above mentioned.

I remarked no other part of the ifland where fuch effedls of ftorms were to be feen ; in fome places more towards the S.E. and wherenbsp;the land was not more than a furlong in width, it was low andnbsp;' covered with fine white coral land, mixed with rotten vegetables andnbsp;leaves of trees that grow upon it : this in general is the kind of foil ;nbsp;even upon the large ftones this rotten matter and the coral fandnbsp;are blown, and there the trees are more flouriftiing and abundantnbsp;than in other places.

From this time nothing material occurred until we made the Mar-quefas. One of the Serie’s ifland party had a fever for three or four days, but foon got the better of it, and was the only one that buffered from that expedition. As we were trufting wholly to our timekeeper, we found ourfelves, after fo long a palfage, contrary to ournbsp;expectation, confiderably to the weftward, when we faw Santanbsp;Chriftina on the 4th of June, a little before funrife in the morning,nbsp;bearing E.N.E. diftant nine leagues. Being thus to leeward of ournbsp;port, we kept plying till the afternoon of the following day, andnbsp;took fcveral compafs bearings, to afeertain the extent and relative fitua-tion of the iflands.

CHAPTER XI.

Occurrences at the Marquefas,

faw two men paddling towards us in a fmall, wretched canoe, which they kept above water by confiant bailing. Not knowing their intention to come on board, nor conceiving them of any ufe if there,nbsp;we kept all fail fet, and paffed clofe by them with great velocity :nbsp;this they obferved, and being more anxious to come aboard than wenbsp;imagined, one of them leaped into the water, caught a rope wenbsp;hove to him, and expertly hauled himfelf hand over hand to thenbsp;quarter-gallery, where we took him in quite naked. At firfl: henbsp;looked round the cabin with furprife, but foon recovered himfelfnbsp;and ran upon deck. He was tattowed from head to foot, infomuchnbsp;as nearly to hide his natural colour ; he talked very fa ft, and wasnbsp;tolerably underflood both by Crook and the Otaheiteans : the earneft-nefs which he expreffed was to induce us to tack and pick up his •nbsp;comrade, who he gave us to underftand was his father j and that ifnbsp;we did not take him in, it would be impoffible for him to reach thenbsp;ifland in fo wretched a canoe, as the wind blew ftrong. However,nbsp;to eafe him of his fears, we took the father on board and the canoenbsp;in tow, but fhe foon went to pieces and drifted away, which feemednbsp;to give them little concern. The wind, as we drew near the land,nbsp;became variable and fqually, and as we were ftretching towardsnbsp;St. Dominica, to avail ourfelves of a favourable flaw, the captainnbsp;gave orders to tack towards the bay. This both the natives oppofed,nbsp;and made figns, that by keeping on the fame tack until we run far-

June.]

ther, we fliould then fetch the bay when we tacked. Their advice was taken, and anfwering accordingly, was a proof of no fmallnbsp;degree of nautical flcill in them.

We found it very difficult to work up the bay, by reafon of the heavy gufts of wind from the mountains ; however, by feven o’clocknbsp;we were clofe up, and let go our fmall bower anchor in fifteen fathoms water j veered out eighty fathom of cable as fail as we could,nbsp;but before it held we had dragged it into thirty-five fathoms. Thoughnbsp;it was now dark two females fwam off, in hopes, no doubt, of anbsp;favourable reception ; but finding they could not be admitted, theynbsp;' kept fwimming about the ffiip for near half an hour, calling out, innbsp;a pitiful tone, Wahëine ! wahëine ! that is, Woman ! or. We are women ! They then returned to the fhore in the fame manner as theynbsp;came ; our two pilots alfo followed them, but not till they had ufednbsp;all their arguments for the captain to allow them to fleep in the ffiip jnbsp;and, but for the fake of precedent, their requeft would have beennbsp;granted, as a reward for the implicit confidence they placed in us.

6th. This morning we began unbending molt of our fails, and ftripping the foremaff, that the rigging might have a thorough overhaul ; one of the ffirouds we knew to be broken in the way of thenbsp;maft-head, and now found another gone on the fame fide j fo thatnbsp;had we not providentially been on the larboard tack when we experienced the fevereft gales, we mult certainly have loft the foremaft,nbsp;- which we could not replace in any of thefe parts.

Our firft vifitors from the fliore came early j they were feven beautiful young women, fwimming quite naked, except a few green leaves tied round their middle : they kept playing round the ffiip for threenbsp;hours, calling Wahëine ! until feveral of the native men had got onnbsp;board j one of vyhom being the chief of the ifland, requefted thatnbsp;his filler might be taken on board, which was complied with : ffienbsp;was of a fair complexion, inclining to' a healthy yellow, with anbsp;tint of red in her cheek, was rather ftout, but poffeffmg luch fym-metry of features, as did all her companipns, that as models for the

ftatuary and painter their equals can feldom be found. OurOtaheitean girl, who was tolerably fair, and had a comely perfon, was notwith-ftanding greatly eclipfed by thefe women, and, I believe, felt hernbsp;inferiority in no fmall degree ; however, fhe was fuperior in thenbsp;amiablenefs of her manners, and poflèflèd more of the foftnefs andnbsp;tender feeling of the fex : fhe was afhamed to fee a woman upon thenbsp;deck quite naked, and fupplied her with a complete drefs of newnbsp;Otaheitean cloth, which fet her off to great advantage, and encouraged thofe in the water, whofe numbers were now greatly increafed,nbsp;to importune for admiffionj and out of pity to them, as we fawnbsp;they would not return, we took them on board : but they were in anbsp;meafure difappointed, for they could not all fucceed fo well as thenbsp;firfl in getting clothed; nor did our mifchievous goats even fuffernbsp;them to keep their green leaves, but as they turned to avoid themnbsp;they were attacked on each fide alternately, and completely flrippednbsp;naked.

The chief above noticed is ijamed Tënae, eldcfl fon of Honoo, the reigning prince in Captain Cook’s time ; he came in a tolerably goodnbsp;canoe, and introduced himfelf by prefenting the captain with anbsp;fmooth flaff about eight feet long, to the head of which a few locksnbsp;of human hair were neatly plaited ; and befides this, he gave a fewnbsp;head and breafl ornaments. Obferving a mufket on the quarterdeck, he took it with care to the captain, and begged him “ to putnbsp;“ it to fleep.’^ He received an axe, a looking-glafs, and neck-chainnbsp;to hang it to, alfo a pair of fciffars ; the latter, an article much prizednbsp;at the Friendly and Society ifles, he was either indifferent about, ornbsp;totally ignorant of their ufe. Two of his brothers, who were prefent, expreffed not the leafl defire for any thing ; they all feemed tonbsp;have a thoughtful call in their countenance, fuch as men acquirenbsp;who are flruggling for fubfiflence and can hardly get it, though theynbsp;would frequently break out into mad fits of laughter, and talk asnbsp;fall as their tongues could go, and this the women did as well as thenbsp;men. It appeared that this was a very fcarce time with them, fornbsp;»

they kept complaining they were hungry and begging for victuals all the while they were on board ; to fome we gave a little, but theynbsp;Were too numerous for us to fupply all : as for the women, they arenbsp;in that ftate of fubjeótion, that, if they got any thing and could notnbsp;conceal it, the men took it from them. Towards evening thofe whonbsp;had no canoes, and who were by far the greateft number, leaped allnbsp;together into the water and fwam on fliore.

Our intention of fettling two men among them being made known to the chief, he feemed highly delighted with the propofal, and faidnbsp;that he would give them a houfe and a fhare in all that himfelf had.nbsp;After this he went on fhore j I followed with Mr. Harris, Mr. Crook,nbsp;Peter, and Otaheitean Tom. Tënae received us upon the beach, andnbsp;conduóting us a little way defired we would Hop, as we thought, tonbsp;gratify the natives, for they formed a ring around us, thofe neareftnbsp;the centre fitting, to let thofe behind look over their heads : Tënae’snbsp;filler not following the example of the reft, he reproved her, whichnbsp;brought tears from her eyes. This fliew continued about a quarternbsp;of an hour. Afterwards we proceeded up the valley, accompanied bynbsp;the chief, his brother, and many of the young natives. The roadnbsp;was very indifferent, by reafon of tree roots that crofs it, and largenbsp;ftones which lie in the way ; and being all up hill, we were pretty wellnbsp;tired by the time we reached* the chief’s houfe, though we reftednbsp;thrice, at which times they brought excellent water in cocoa-nutnbsp;lhells from a rivulet that runs down the valley. The bread-fruit andnbsp;cocoa-nut trees, with a variety of other forts, afforded a comfortablenbsp;Iliade from the heat of the fun. Tënae conclu cl cd us to one of hisnbsp;beft houfes, intimating that it was for the ufe of the brethren, andnbsp;that they might occupy it as foon as they pleafed. To convey annbsp;idea of what this and all their beft-built houfes are like, it is onlynbsp;neceffary to imagine one of our own of one ftory high with a highnbsp;peaked roof ; cut it lengthwife exadlly down the middle, you would'nbsp;then have two of their houfes, only built of different materials.nbsp;That we now occupied was twenty-five feet long and fix wide, ten

s 2

[1797-feet high in the back part, and but four in front j at the corners four Rout Rakes are driven into the earth, on which are laid horizontalnbsp;pieces, and from thefe laR to the ground are bamboos neatly rangednbsp;in perpendicular order, about half an inch diRant from each othernbsp;and without them long blinds made with leaves are hung, whichnbsp;make the infide very clofe and warm : the door is about the middlenbsp;on the low fide. They do not ufe the leaves of the wharra treenbsp;here for roofing, as at Otaheite, but common broad leaves, whichnbsp;they lay fo thick as to keep the water out j but the greater part ofnbsp;their houfes are miferable hovels.

The infide furniture confiRed of a large floor mat from end to end, feveral large calabafhes, fome fifliing-tackle, and a few fpearsj atnbsp;one end the chief kept his ornaments, which he fhewed to us ;nbsp;amongR other things, he took out of two bamboo cafes, two bunchesnbsp;of feathers of the tail of the tropic-bird, not lefs than a hundred innbsp;each bunch, forming a beautiful and elegant ornament : upon thefenbsp;he feemed to place a great value.

They made no offer of any thing to eat, except a few cocoa-nuts } nor did I fee that they had any other thing in ufe but thefe andnbsp;the four mahie. Hogs and fowls were walking about, but in no greatnbsp;plenty ; indeed this appeared to be their fcarce feafon ; for whennbsp;we firR landed one fellow ran to me and Ruffed a piece of mahienbsp;into my mouth, thinking, no doubt, that at this feafon of fcarcitynbsp;he was doing me a great kindnefs. However, in other refpeóts,nbsp;Tënae treated us very well, and the people were evidently glad to feenbsp;us among them.

On our return to the fliip, the captain met the two brethren in the cabin, to know their fentiments of this place, and whether theynbsp;were Rill in the fame mind to fettle upon it. Mr. Crook obferved,nbsp;that he was encouraged by the reception they had met with j thoughtnbsp;the chief had behaved exceedingly well, and approved of the houfenbsp;affigned them, the place, and the people j and concluded by faying,nbsp;that though there was not the fame plenty here as at the other iflands.,

June.]

he had no objections to day, as he never before nor fince his engagement had comforts in view ; therefore the prefent ftate of the ifland was not fo great a difappointment to him. However, appearances gave him reafon to think that they had their plentiful feafonsnbsp;here as well as at the other illands. Mr. Harris delivered hisnbsp;fcntiments with hefitation, as if fear had taken poflefßon of hisnbsp;mind : his opinions were quite contrary to Crook’s; he difapprovednbsp;of every thing, and judged the fcene before him a folemn one; and,nbsp;in fhort, feemed entirely to have loft his firmnefs and ardour. However, as the kind reception by the chief and his people had obviatednbsp;every direCl objection to them, it was agreed to go on fliore the nextnbsp;day, take their beds with them, and make a trial; after which, if theynbsp;thought it unfafe to flay, and affigned their reafons, they mightnbsp;then return on board, as no compulfion was intended.

7th. It is remarked, that honefty is no virtue of a South-Sea iflander, efpecially when our articles lie expofed to tempt him. Thenbsp;natives here had not hitherto appeared folicitous to barter with us ;nbsp;but fome of them laft night had found means to lift the glafs covernbsp;oft' one of our beft- compaffes, ftole away the card and needle, andnbsp;fitted the cover on as before. We fpoke to the chief and feveralnbsp;others about it, but found all our endeavours to recover it by mildnbsp;means ineffectual;; and, rather than ufe any other, the affair was dropped.nbsp;However, they feemed to be confcious of having done fomethingnbsp;amifs by their not coming to the fhip till long after breakfaft, whennbsp;our decks were again crowded with both fexes in the fame nakednbsp;ftate as on the preceding day.

In the afternoon Mr. Crook landed with his bed and a few clothes; I accompanied him, to fee how he was received. Mr. Harris declinednbsp;going, wiffiing to flay on board and pack up their things in fmallnbsp;parcels, for the convenience of carrying them up the valley. Thenbsp;chief’s brother departed from the fhip with us, and Tënae himfelfnbsp;received us at the beach, and treated us with refpeCt and kindnefs,nbsp;as on the day before. We proceeded up the valley, followed by a

[’797-vaft concourfe of people, fomc of whom carried the baggage, and depofited it in the houfe affigned for the brethren j but a Ihort timenbsp;after it was removed, and ourfelves conduéled to another houfe ofnbsp;larger dimenfions, about a hundred yards diflant from the firfl.nbsp;This houfe Rood on a fquare platform raifed with Rones, having anbsp;wall about fix feet high on the loweR fide (for they are all built onnbsp;a declivity) j in the infide was a kind of efcutcheon in memory ofnbsp;Hönoo, the chief’s father j it was very curioufly wrought with fmallnbsp;reeds, laid upright, oblique, and horizontal, and about eight feet innbsp;height, forming a fide of a pyramid. There was a drum at eachnbsp;end, made like thofe the Otaheiteans ufe, but much longer. Nearlynbsp;adjoining, and upon the fame platform, was another houfe, built onnbsp;a fmall eminence, leaving a fpace in front, where were placed twonbsp;rude figures of men carved in wood, nearly the fize of life j behindnbsp;thefe, againR the fide of the houfe, were three other efcutcheons,nbsp;wrought in the fame manner as the one above mentioned j that innbsp;the middle, which was the higheR, had the figure of a bird upon thenbsp;top, and the reeds which compofed the whole being Rained of various colours, produced a beautiful and folemn eftecf. The houfenbsp;had no door or opening of any kind; but as my curiofity wasnbsp;a'good deal excited, I opened a hole in the fide of it, to fee what itnbsp;contained, and beheld a coffin fixed upon two Rakes about a yardnbsp;from the ground. JuR at this time Tënae came up, and feeing henbsp;was not angry, I again opened the hole and pointed to the coffin :nbsp;he inRantly cried Hönoo ! and repeated it feveral times, by which Inbsp;knew it was his father, and thought him pleafed to fee me noticenbsp;the honours he had paid to his memory. The coffin was cylindrical, and bound about with various coloured plaiting made of thenbsp;fibres of the cocoa-nut. This fepulchre. Crook’s houfe, the trees,nbsp;and every thing within the platform, was taboo or facred, and muRnbsp;not be approached by women.

I left Otaheitean Tom to bear Crook company the firR night, and then returned on board. In walking down the valley, I obferveff

June.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;135

that it was well flocked with bread-fruit trees, but none of them were ripe ; cocoa-nuts were not fo plentiful : there were plantains,nbsp;the ahee-nut, and fome other fruits. Thefe are chiefly enclofed bynbsp;fquare fences of ftones about fix feet high, within which the owner’snbsp;houfe hands - but fome of the orchards are fo over-run with weeds,nbsp;that they mark more the divifion of property than induftry or labour.

When the boat came for me, they brought as many of the natives as fhe could contain, they availing themfelves of that opportunitynbsp;to fave the trouble of fwimming. The chief’s brother was with me,nbsp;and wiflied much to go on board ; but I refufed to take him, as it wasnbsp;near dark : this hurt him fo much, that he fhed tears as he walkednbsp;away.

8th. The weather ftill pleafant, but, as before, heavy gufts of wind and rain from the mountains.

The natives crowded on board to-day, infomuch that with difficulty we carried on our work at the rigging : the females were more numerous, and all in the fame naked ftate as before, which inducednbsp;our people to beftow upon each a piece of Otaheitean cloth. It isnbsp;proper to obferve, that thefe women drefs decently on fhore ; butnbsp;Tvhen they have to fwim, as their cloth will not ftand the water,nbsp;they leave it behind, and cover their nakednefs with a few leavesnbsp;only.

In the forenoon the captain received a letter from Crook, wherein he exprefles his perfect fatisfadion with his new lodgings. As nightnbsp;drew on, he fays, he was left to his repofe ; and after commendingnbsp;himfelf to the care of the Almighty, he went to reft, laying hisnbsp;clothes upon the ground near his hammock ; but to his furprife, whennbsp;he awoke in the morning, there were none of them to be feen, andnbsp;he began to think he fliould have a bad report to give after the firftnbsp;night’s trial : but before he had time to launch out into unjuft fur-mifes, the chief came with every article carefully wrapt up in anbsp;bundle. Soon after the letter, Tënae, Crook, and the chief’s brother,nbsp;came on board j they were ftiewn into the cabin, and every endeavour

made to treat them kindly. The captain made Tcnac a prefent of an ornamented crown, which delighted him greatly j he alfo gavenbsp;him a piece of cloth, a hammer, and fome gimlets ; but what moftnbsp;took his fancy was a large conch-fhell ; for thefe they barter eagerly,nbsp;pigs or any other thing ; one of them gave our cook a broad axe for anbsp;conch ; but it may with truth be faid,, that they are in fuch a ftate ofnbsp;nature and ignorance, or rather ftupidity, that notwithftanding manynbsp;iron tools, amp;c. have been left among them, they have never yetnbsp;thought of employing their powers to learn their ufe ; therefore theynbsp;fct but little value upon what we have, except they can Ileal it, whichnbsp;always enhances the worth of the article. Nails and tools theynbsp;think nothing of ; cats and goats they fought after with fome foli-citude, and got fome of the former ; but of the latter we had onlynbsp;females on board. The conch-Ihells they ufe when they go a-vifitingnbsp;from one valley to another, and as they gain the fummit of the hills,nbsp;they blow them with all their might, and take great delight andnbsp;pride in liftening to the long reverberating echoes.

Tênae was now more familiar than at his firft vifit, and furveyed the cabin with a degree of attention, but not with the penetrationnbsp;and difcernment of the Friendly iflanders. Happening to touch thenbsp;wire of the cabin-bell, he was ftruck with aftoniihment and favagenbsp;wonder j he rang the bell again and again, and puzzled himfelf anbsp;quarter of an hour to find whence the found proceeded, Tênae hasnbsp;a thoughtful caft of countenance, and looks much like the chiefnbsp;and father of a village, and to fee him thus employed raifed ournbsp;pity, to behold a man on whom nature, perhaps, had bellowed talentsnbsp;capable of exploring her mylleries, thus confounded with a rattle ;nbsp;but, alas ! in thefe regions, remote from all the paths of fcience, thenbsp;talents and virtues of infulated genius lie hid in darknefs, and, likenbsp;the beauties of the rough marble, want the Ikill of the polifher tonbsp;bring them forth.

It was not a little affedling alfo to fee our own feamen repairing the rigging, attended by a group of the moll beautiful females, who were

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employed to pafs the ball, or carry the tar-bucket, amp;c. j and this they did with the greateft affiduity, often befmearing thçmfelves withnbsp;the tar in the execution of their office. No fhip’s company, withoutnbsp;great reftraints from God’s grace, could ever have refilled fuchnbsp;temptations ; and fome would have probably offended, if they hadnbsp;not been overawed by the jealoufy of the officers and by the goodnbsp;conduél of their meffmates.

In the afternoon Mr. Godfell landed a cheft and feveral parcels for the miffionaries, which were taken fafe up to the houfe. Tom andnbsp;the boy Härraway Raid on ffiore this night, for the purpofe of rendering Crook what fervice they could j and in the evening our vifitorsnbsp;left us in good time, as ufual.

On the 9th the pinnace was fent on ffiore again with more things. Crook ftill refolving to ffay, attached himfelf to the place, took tonbsp;eating the four mahie, and contented himfelf with the food thenbsp;ifland afforded, which is not of a very delicate kind ; for the mahienbsp;being made in fmall quantities here, and cleanlinefs little obfervednbsp;in the operation, it is not fo good as at Otaheite : but he fays thatnbsp;they always ferve him firft of the bell they have ; and as he hopesnbsp;to get pork once or twice a week, and freffi fiffi as oft as he pleafes,nbsp;he thinks he may live contented without calling an eye to the luxuriesnbsp;of Otaheite. Tënae had adopted him as his fon, an ad they evernbsp;after hold as facred, elleeming him in the fame light as his othernbsp;children ; this they explained to Crook, who, from the pains pre-vioufly taken to learn the language, underllood aimoil all they faid.nbsp;The chief being informed that Mr. Harris intended to Ilay, defirednbsp;Crook to invite him on ffiore ; but he could not be perfuaded, whichnbsp;was certainly doing wrong, as he ffiould have embraced every opportunity of learning the real Hate of the ifland, and thence judgenbsp;of the pradicability of fettling upon it, before the day came whennbsp;he mull either go on lliore or leave Crook alone, without being ablenbsp;to affign fuch clear reafons as landing in time might enable him to do.

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138 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

10th. About two o’clock in the morning the moon was totally cclipfcd J but the roughnefs of the weather prevented our obferving itnbsp;with fufficient accuracy to be of any ufe. The wind at this timenbsp;came in very heavy gulls from the mountains, and juft as the eclipfenbsp;ended our cable broke ; the beft bower was immediately let go, andnbsp;brought the Ihip up in forty fathoms water at the entrance of the bay.

nth, Sunday. The natives crowded off as ufualj but on being told that the ftiip was taboo for that day, they all fwam back to thenbsp;Ihore.

12th. The chief and his brothers came on board with Otaheitean Tom, who informed us that the boy Hârraway had left them andnbsp;gone to the other fide of the ifland ; and as he had faid nothing concerning his intention, they thought he meant to remain, for whichnbsp;Tom blamed him very much : but the captain, to try Tom’s ownnbsp;regard for his country, which he had conftantly praifed to the Ikiesnbsp;fince we came here, ordered him to put his things into the canoe andnbsp;go on Ihore alfo, afiigning as the reafon, his being privy to Hârraway’s elopement. The poor fellow declared his innocence, and withnbsp;tears in his eyes colledled his trifles and put them into the canoe, andnbsp;before he went over the fide fliook hands with ail the crew, then putnbsp;off with a heart ready to break with fobbing and crying : when henbsp;was gone a little way, the captain called him back again, but it wasnbsp;fome time before he became reconciled and cheerful. On the othernbsp;hand, feveral of the Marquefans were continually plaguing the captain to take them to Otaheite.

13th. While we were at dinner one of the natives Hole a pumpbolt, and was making off with his prize, when Mr. Godfell detedled him, and with the help of the gunner prevented his efcape. The reftnbsp;all jumped overboard, and made for the Ihore. The thief we lafliednbsp;up by way of punilhment, and Ihewing him a loaded mulket, henbsp;fully expected to be Ihot. A man of fome confequence, who hadnbsp;come in the fame canoe, brought the chief’s fécond brother, with two

JüxNE.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;139

pigs and a plantain-leaf, to intercede for the offender, who was his father j thefe we refufed to accept. It was affecting to fee the fonnbsp;kifs and embrace his father, and take their laft farewell however,nbsp;not to prolong the anguifh, we took up and difcharged the mufket,nbsp;''and then liberated the culprit. He could not at firft believe that henbsp;was not fliot ; but when fet free, and prefented to his fon, both ofnbsp;them appeared fo overwhelmed with joy, that they could hardly truftnbsp;their own eyes : dumb gratitude and confternation had deprived themnbsp;of the power of fpeech. We added a folemn warning to them innbsp;future againft fuch practices, and fent them aftiore with the pigs,nbsp;which we refufed to accept, that they might fee we had no advantage in our view.

14th. This morning the wind blew with fuch violence that we parted from our beft bower ; and as the fhip was ftill unrigged wenbsp;were under the neceffity of either letting go another anchor, or driftingnbsp;to fea ; accordingly a fpare anchor which we had in readinefs wasnbsp;let go in fifty fathoms water, and one hundred and forty fathom ofnbsp;cable veered out before the fhip brought up. We were now aboutnbsp;a mile and a half without the entrance of the bay, and the wind continuing to blow as hard as ever, we became apprehenfive that the fhipnbsp;might be drove off the ifland, therefore manned the pinnace, and fetnbsp;Mr. Harris on fhore with all his things. The afternoon we employednbsp;in putting the rigging in fome order, and bending the fails, as thenbsp;captain intended to work into the bay the next day if the weathernbsp;permitted. The latter part of this day we had very heavy rain : butnbsp;notwithftanding the roughnefs of the weather, and the great diftancenbsp;we lay from the head of the bay, feveral of the natives fwam off” to thenbsp;fhip ; but as we were fo very bufy, they were not admitted on board,nbsp;only to reft in the boats alongfide, and then return : fome took no reftnbsp;at all, but feeing by the others that the fhip was tabooed, they fwamnbsp;back of their own accord ; a great exertion, efpecially to the females,nbsp;as the diftance both ways could not be lefs than five miles.

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140 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

15th. Early this morning we hove up the anchor, and worked clofe in to the head of the bay, having as much wind as our double-reefed top fails would carry, which makes the working in dangerous,nbsp;as the wind is fo variable, that fometimes when the Ihip was clofe tonbsp;the rocks fhe would hardly come about. We anchored at noon in,nbsp;our former Ration, or rather nearer the fhore, but were drove without it again. All the afternoon we were at work fweeping for ournbsp;fmall bower, and juft as it grew dark we fwept the buoy-rope, andnbsp;made a nun-buoy faft till the next day. We alfo unbent the fails,nbsp;that the job at the rigging might be completed.

On the 16th we hoifted the long-boat out and got the anchor on board, but poftponed our fearch for the other till the rigging was putnbsp;in proper order. On Sunday the 18th we again tabooed the ftiip ;nbsp;indeed this was the only fuccefsful mode we had of keeping thenbsp;natives away. On Monday we hauled the feine at the head of thenbsp;bay, and caught about fix dozen fmall fifh.

20th. Mr. Harris and Crook came on board, and held a meeting with the captain refpeding their ftay. Mr. Harris complainednbsp;of the poverty of the place, faid he could not eat the mahie, amp;c.nbsp;Crook declared his determination to ftay, even though Mr. Harrisnbsp;Ihould leave him. The refult was, that they both went on Ihore tonbsp;make further trial before our departure. Several of the natives onnbsp;board as ufual.

On the 22d a native ftole the cook’s axe, and fetting off with his canoe, was near the fhore before it was known ; when he faw thenbsp;pinnace chafing him, he paddled to the rocks, hauled his canoe up,nbsp;ran intohhe bufties, and fo got clear off. They had now become fonbsp;adive in ftealing, that the failors had fcarce a knife left among them.nbsp;To remetly this, as foon as they came in the morning, each mannbsp;chofe a‘young lad as his ftorekeeper, who followed his mafter clofelynbsp;all the day, with his knife, marling-fpike, amp;c. hung to his necknbsp;and this faved them, for they always proved very faithful.

4

23d. The boats were fent to fweep for the heft bower anchor, and caught hold of it ; but trying to heave it up, the rope broke ; andnbsp;night approaching, it was left till next day. This evening we obfervednbsp;the bay to be unufually agitated, for which we could aflign no caufe,nbsp;as the wind was eafterly, with moderate weather.

On the 24th, the filhcrman, whom we hauled in at the quartergallery at our firft coming, fwam off at break of day, and informed us that Mr. Harris had been on the beach all the night with his cheft,nbsp;and had been robbed of moft of his things. This affair at firft gainednbsp;little credit ; for we could not fuppofe him fo imprudent as to bringnbsp;his property down without fending notice, that a boat lyiight be readynbsp;to receive them. But, on difpatching the jolly-boat to know thenbsp;truth, we found it to be really the cafe. He had come down in thenbsp;dufk of the evening ; and as none from the fhip were on fhore, thenbsp;boats being employed at the anchor, and the fhip lying too far fromnbsp;the beach for him to hail, he fpent an uncomfortable night, fittingnbsp;upon his cheft : about four in the morning the natives, in ordernbsp;to fteal his clothes, drove him off the cheft -, and, for fear they fhouldnbsp;hurt his perfon, he fled to the adjacent hills. Mr. Falconer, whonbsp;went to bring him off, found him in a moft pitiable plight, and likenbsp;one out of hiS fenfes. The furf was fo high that they could not land,nbsp;and were therefore obliged to haul the cheft and its owner off bynbsp;means of a rope. The realons he gave for leaving his partner fo abruptly, befides thofe already mentioned, were fuch as he mightnbsp;naturally have expected : Tënae, it feems, wanted to treat them withnbsp;an excurfion to another valley, to which Crook readily agreed, butnbsp;Mr. Harris would not confent. The chief feeing this, and defirousnbsp;of obliging him, not confidering any favour too great, left himnbsp;his wife, to be treated as if flie were his own, till the chiefnbsp;came back again. Mr. Harris told him that he did not want thenbsp;woman ; however, fhe looked up to him as her hufband, and findingnbsp;herfelf treated with total negleft, became doubtful of his fex j andnbsp;acquainted fome of the other females with her fufpicion, who accord-

ingly came in the night, when he flept, and fatisfied thcmfclves concerning that point, but not in fuch a peaceable way but that theynbsp;awoke him. Difcovering fo many Grangers, he was greatly terrified jnbsp;and, perceiving what they had been doing, was determined to leavenbsp;a place where the people were fo abandoned and given up to wicked-nefs : a caufe which fhould have excited a contrary refolution.

To-day we put a new tow-line in the boat, and fwept the befi bower anchor with it ; hove it up with the long-boat, and got it once morenbsp;fafe to the bows ; the rigging was alfo completed, and we began tonbsp;think of taking our departure. This was intimated to Crook, whonbsp;ftill remained ftedfafi; in his refolution to flay in the ifland, defiringnbsp;only fuch implements of hufbandry, and other things, as might facilitate and extend his ufefulnefs among the people j obferving, that hisnbsp;happinefs would have been greatly increafed had his devoted fituationnbsp;been with a friendly and agreeable affifl^uit, whofe converfation andnbsp;fympathy might have comforted him in the time of trouble : but fincenbsp;the Lord had ordered things otherwife, he thought that it better fuitednbsp;with his character and profeftion, to refign himfelf to God’s fatherlynbsp;care, and reft in his promifes, than to quit a ftation where a door ofnbsp;ufefulnefs was fo evidently opened : and ftiould his blefled Saviournbsp;make him the honoured inftrument of preparing the way for fome ofnbsp;his more able ferx^ants, he fhould at laft have the happinefs to refledtnbsp;that his life was not fpent in vain.

Crook is a young man of twenty-two, remarkably ferious and fteady, always employed in the improvement of his mind, and appliednbsp;with great diligence to the attainment of the language. He alfo pof-fefles a very good genius, and I have no doubt will contrive manynbsp;things to benefit the poor creatures he lives with ; and as the valleynbsp;is capable of great improvement, I fhould not be furprifed to hear ofnbsp;this and the iflands adjacent becoming very plentiful places by hisnbsp;means. He has various kinds of garden-feeds, implements, medicines, amp;c. ; an Encyclopedia, and other ufeful books.

26th. To-day the captain went on fhore for the firft time, and

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

took with him Mr. Falconer. Their intention was, to afcend to the fummit of the hills, and view the neighbouring ifles. They landed,nbsp;and were followed by a crowd of the natives, who were exceedinglynbsp;glad to behold the captain in their village. After taking a little re-frefhment with Tënae at his houfc, the chief’s fécond brother accom-panied them up the mountains, which are fo fteep, that in manynbsp;places they were obliged to haul themfelves up by the branches ofnbsp;trees that grow upon them. The captain did not reach the top,nbsp;but Mr. Falconer did : whence he had a view of Trevenen’s iflandnbsp;to the weft, Riou’s and Dominica to the north, to the eaft St. Pedro,nbsp;and Magdalena to the fouth. The ridge at the fummit of the mountain is quite narrow, and every where covered with trees. The chiefnbsp;preßed him much to fire his muflcet again ft Trevenen’s ifland, andnbsp;was highly pleafed with his compliance. On their return, Tënaenbsp;entertained them with a roafted hog, but not being very fat, fome ofnbsp;the by-ftanders obferved that it was not good ; which affected thenbsp;chief fo much, that he walked afide in a pet, and was not reconcilednbsp;till the captain faid it was good ; and refufed to eat, except the captainnbsp;came and fat befide him, which he accordingly did. In the eveningnbsp;they returned on board, followed by Crook and the chief, who camenbsp;to take leave j accordingly, after feveral articles were put in the canoe,nbsp;we bad him an affedionate farewell, and parted. His manly behaviour at this feafon did him great credit ; the tears gliftened in his eyes,nbsp;but none fell ; nor did he betray the leaf! fign of fear to enter uponnbsp;his work alone.

27th. At four in the morning we weighed, and flood out of the bay with a light air eaflerly. At feven, hove to for a canoe whichnbsp;was paddling hard after us ; in her was the chief’s brother and ournbsp;old filherman, who had wept heartily the evening before on partingnbsp;with us, and partly becaufe the captain would not take him tonbsp;Otaheite : at prefent they brought a note from Crook, with a letternbsp;for his After, and requefting fome foap which had been forgot.nbsp;Accordingly, the quantity before packed up for him was put in the

[1797-

¦canoe,* and a prefent of an axe given to each of the meflengers, who preferring to go to Otaheite, left us very reludantly. We now fliapednbsp;our courfe for Trevenen’s and Sir Henry Martin’s iHands, intending tonbsp;obferve their relative fituation to Santa Chriftina, as we had reafonnbsp;to fuppofe them erroneoufly marked in the fleetch we had on board.

Concerning the cuftoms and manners of the people about Refo-lution bay, we learnt but little befides what is already related in our daily tranfadions ; for, except myfelf for a few hours on the firftnbsp;two days after our arrival, and the captain and the third mate on thenbsp;laft day of our Ray, no perfon was on fhore from the fhip. But,nbsp;finding this was likely to be the cafe, I wrote a number of queriesnbsp;to Crook, whofe time being likewife much taken up with his ownnbsp;affairs, he had not leifure to make the neceffary inquiries to anfwernbsp;them all. But, from his knowledge of the language, I think thatnbsp;what he fays of a few may be depended upon, and they are as follow :

“ Their religious ceremonies refemble thofe of the Society Iflands. “ They have a morai in each diftriól, where the dead are buried be-“ neath a pavement of large ftones, but with fuch exceptions as in thenbsp;“ cafe of the chief Hönoo. They have a multitude of deities. Thofenbsp;“ moft frequently mentioned are Opooamanne, Okeeo, Oenamoe,nbsp;“ Opee-peetye, Onooko, Oetanow, Fatee-aitapoo, Onoetye; but nonenbsp;“ who feem fuperior to the reft, though the extent of my inform-“ ation is fmall on this head. They only offer hogs in facrifices,nbsp;“ and never men.

“ The chief Tënae prefides over four diftrifts, Ohitahoo, Taheway, “ and Innamei, all opening into Refolution bay, and Onopoho, thenbsp;• adjoining valley to the fouthward. He has four brothers : Acow-“ taytay, Natooafeedoo, Oheephee, and Moeneenee ; but none ofnbsp;“ them feem invefted with any authority; and Tënae himfelf withnbsp;“ lefs than the Otaheitean chiefs.

“ There is no regular government, eftablilhed law, or puniftiments j “ but cuftom is the general rule.

June.]

“ As to their food and manners, like mod uncivilized nations, they “ have no regular meals, but eat when they are hungry, and herenbsp;“ not in a great quantity at a time, this being their fcarce feafon.nbsp;‘ ‘ When they have a hog, they eat of it five or fix times a-day ; and whennbsp;“ without animal food, they ufe the roafted bread-fruit, fith, mahie,nbsp;“ pudding made of it and other vegetables, ahee-nuts, and a paftenbsp;“ made of a root refembling the yam ; and this they do often throughnbsp;“ the day. The women are not allowed to eat hog, and are proba-“ bly under other prohibitions as at Otaheite, and feem much morenbsp;“ fervile to the men, and harflily treated. They are employed innbsp;“ making cloth and matting, but not in cookery, except for them-“ felves. I have never obferved any of the men, from the chief tonbsp;“ the toutou, at work, except a few old perfons making cords andnbsp;“ nets. The reft idle about, and balk in the fun, telling their ftories,nbsp;“ and beguiling the time.

“ The chief is faid to have three wives j the youngeft is with him “ here, the others in different parts of the ifland. He has feveralnbsp;“ children, fome of which live with him here, and the others withnbsp;“ their mothers. Obferving a pregnant woman, I afked her hownbsp;“ many children flie had; the replied, Three. I wiftied to know ifnbsp;“ they were by the fame man; flie faid. Yes. I afked further, if henbsp;“ had any other wife ; fhe faid. No. Whence I am led to fuppofe,nbsp;“ that, though Tënae has more wives than one, this is not ufual,nbsp;“ and may be the privilege of the chief. They feem to be verynbsp;‘ ‘ fond of their children ; and when I went up the valley I faw thenbsp;“ men often dandling them upon their knees, exadlly as I havenbsp;“ obferved an old grandfather with us in a country village.

“ Their particular cuftoms I am not yet able to defcribe; but 1 learn, the fon muft not touch the clothes of the father, and muftnbsp;“ walk before him on the road ; and titc father muft not touch anynbsp;thing, nor eat vidluals which have paffed over the head of the fon.nbsp;“ Before the age of puberty, the operation of flitting the prepuce isnbsp;“ performed j and all the men are tattoued, even to the very lips and

[1797-“ eyelids. Their difeafes are few j I have indeed hardly obferved “ the appearance of any ; and they are as yet happily free from thatnbsp;“ fatal malady which has made fuch ravages in the Society Iflands.”

Refpeóling the perfons, drefs, canoes, amp;c. of thefe people, we found them exactly as defcribed in Cook’s Second Voyage, where henbsp;fays, that “ for fymmetry of fhape and regular features, they perhapsnbsp;“ furpafs all other nations. Not a fingle deformed or ill-proportionednbsp;“ perfon was feen on the ifland ; all'were ft rong, tall, well-limbed,nbsp;“ and remarkably adlive. The men are from five feet ten inches highnbsp;to fix feet} their teeth are not fo good, nor are their eyes fo full,nbsp;“ as thofe of many other nations : their hair is of many colours,nbsp;“ but none red; fome have it long, but the moft general cuftom isnbsp;“ to wear it Ihort, except a bunch on each fide of the crown, whichnbsp;“ they tie in a knot. Their countenances are pleafing, open, andnbsp;“ difplay much vivacity. They are of a tawny complexion, whichnbsp;“ is rendered almoft black by the punctures of the whole body.nbsp;“ They were entirely naked, except a fmall piece of cloth round theirnbsp;“ waift and loins. Thefe punftures were difpofed with the utmoftnbsp;“ regularity, fo that the marks on each leg, arm, and cheek, werenbsp;“ in general fimilar.”

The women are rather of low ftature, though well-proportioned, and their general colour inclining to brown. We obferved that fomenbsp;who, on our firft arrival, were almoft as fair as Europeans, by comingnbsp;off to the Ihip and expofing themftlves to the fun, became afterwardsnbsp;' quite dark-coloured. But a few of thefe were pundtured or tattoued.nbsp;The chief’s fifter had fome parallel lines on her arms, others flightnbsp;pundlures'on the infide of their lips, and even upon their eyelids.nbsp;They wear a long narrow piece of cloth wrapped two or three timesnbsp;round their waift, and the ends tucked up between their thighs ; abovenbsp;this is a broad piece of cloth, nearly as large as a flieet, tied at thenbsp;upper corners : they lay the knot over one fhoulder, and the garmentnbsp;hanging loofe reaches half way down the leg.

“ Their canoes are made of wood and the bark of a foft tree, which

grows near the fea, and is very proper for the purpofej their length is from fixteen to twenty feet, and about fixteen inchesnbsp;“ broad. The head and ftcrn are formed out of two folid pieces ofnbsp;“ wood; the former is curved, and the latter ends in a point, whichnbsp;“ projects horizontally, and is decorated with a rude carved figure,nbsp;“ having a faint refemblance to a human face. Some of the canoesnbsp;“ have a latteen fail, but they are generally rowed with paddles.”nbsp;However, except the one Tënae had hauled up on the beach, and twonbsp;or three more, the reft were fo indifferent as hardly to fwim whennbsp;there was a breeze of wind.

The only tame fowls are cocks and hens, and their quadrupeds only hogs ; but the woods are inhabited by fmall birds, whofe plumage is exceedingly beautiful, and their notes fweetly varied. Wenbsp;left cats and flic-goats, and were forry we had no he-goat to givenbsp;them, as they were fo fond of thefe animals, that the chief took themnbsp;and Crook wherever he went.

28th. Before daybreak we faw feveral lights upon Trevenen’s ifiand j and as we run along the eaft fide in the morning we obfervednbsp;two or three fandy bays, whence fertile valleys run towards the central hills, which laft are broken and rugged, rifing in feveral placesnbsp;into lofty cones, that give the ifiand a very curious appearance. Fromnbsp;one of the bays there came off a canoe with four men, who after anbsp;length of time came alongfide, and got a few articles from us, fornbsp;which they had nothing to give in return, but, feeming afraid of us,nbsp;put off immediately. Behind the. north-eaft point a large doublenbsp;canoe lay, with about twenty men in her: they kept clofe to the rocks;nbsp;we hove the fbip to for them, but they alfo feemed afraid, and keptnbsp;aloof. At this time we faw a fingle canoe put off from a fine bay onnbsp;the north-weft fide -, this canoe was built exadtly like thofe at Santanbsp;Chriftina, and had the fame kind of latteen fail : they came clofenbsp;to the fiiip and talked boldly, and when they faw Tänno Manoonbsp;upon the deck, one of them ftood up and made fome very laf-civious geftures. We invited them alongfide j where they at laft

u 2

[1797-came, but had loft their courage, for they trembled with fear all the while they ftaid. From them we got the native names of the iflands,nbsp;as marked in the chart. They wiftied us to anchor in the bay, butnbsp;this we had no defire to do -, fo we made them prefents and took ournbsp;leave. They were ftout well-made men, differing nothing from thofenbsp;about Refolution bay, except in being rather lefs tattoued ; theirnbsp;canoes, though built after the fame fafliion, are neater and ftronger jnbsp;their houfes alfo, as feen from the fliip, appeared to be fuperior. Thenbsp;bay on the north-weft part of the ifland feems eligible for Ihipping,nbsp;and may be diftinguiflied by a fmall but high iflet lying off it, andnbsp;a beautiful and regular row of cocoa-nut trees behind a fine whitenbsp;fandy beach.

From the north end of Trevenen’s ifland we run N. by E. twenty-four miles, to within a mile of the fouth-eaft point of Sir Henry Martin’s ifland, which point is high and craggy : dole to the weftward of it is Comptroller’s bay, large, and fecure from the reigningnbsp;W'inds. At the entrance, and near to Craggy point, there lies a fmall rocknbsp;above water, in appearance like a boat. At the head of the bay we fawnbsp;fome houfes in a cove, a vaft number of inhabitants affembled upon thenbsp;beach, and feveral canoes hauled up near them. All the valleys aboutnbsp;this bay appeared fertile, many of the hills were covered with trees,nbsp;and the interior parts feemed more habitable than at any other ofnbsp;the Marquefas. Weftward of Comptroller’s bay lies Port Annanbsp;Maria, where the Dædalus lay ; and befides thefe, I think it highlynbsp;probable that there are other good anchoring-places about this ifland.nbsp;Captain New defcribes the inhabitants of thefe iflands as a handfomenbsp;race of people, and extremely hofpitable, which is certainly greatlynbsp;in favour of thofe who would fettle with miffionary views, efpeciallynbsp;when the fuperior natural advantages of the ifland are taken into thenbsp;account. It being five o’clock in the afternoon when we got offnbsp;Craggy point, we bore up, and, running down the fouth fide, tooknbsp;our departure for Otaheite, anxious to know in what circumftancesnbsp;we might find the brethren whom we had fettled there.

4

CHAPTER XII.

'Return from the Marquefas to Otaheite, 'with the Tranfaclions ‘which

ceeded on our voyage with a favourable gale.

July 3d. We fell in with Tiookea, a lagoon ifland, many of which lie feattered about this part of the ocean, and render the navigationnbsp;in dark weather dangerous. We faw fmoke afcending in variousnbsp;parts, one failing canoe in the lagoon, and two men following usnbsp;along Ihore. They appeared dark-coloured, had a piece of cloth tiednbsp;round their middle, and each carried a fpear in his hand. Cooknbsp;vifited this place on his fécond voyage. A lieutenant and the twonbsp;Mr. Forfters landed ; the iflanders received them by touching nofes,nbsp;a common mode of falutation all over the South Sea. They foundnbsp;here various plants, particularly a vegetable which the natives bruifenbsp;and mix with fhell-fifh : this preparation they throw into the fea,nbsp;where they perceive a Ihoal of fifli, and intoxicating them, they arenbsp;caught on the furface of the water, without any other trouble thannbsp;that of taking them out ; the name, they fay, which this plant bearsnbsp;among the natives is enow ; but here the Mr. Forfters have evidentlynbsp;miftaken the quality of the plant for its name : enow, in the language of the Society Iflands, means bad, and is doubtlefs in thisnbsp;inftance ufed by the natives to intimate that the plant was noxious ornbsp;poifonous. But this miftake only Ihews how eafy it is to fall intonbsp;others of a fimilar nature.

By obfervation at noon we made the centre of Tiookea in latitude 14° 30' S. and its longitude, by the chronometer, reduced from the

Marquefas and afterwards back from Otahcite, to be 146° 22'W. which is 1° 12' W. of what Mr. Wales makes it. But had we notnbsp;made Otaheite very exact by our chronometer, we Ihould rather havenbsp;been filent than fuppofed an error in fo good an authority as Mr.nbsp;Wales. However, to be certain of this point is of confequence, asnbsp;the longitude of feveral others of the fmall ifiands is deduced fromnbsp;it, and this is the ifland a perfon would choofe to make firft in comingnbsp;from the Marquefas.

Latitude obferved at noon 14° 29' j the foutli-wefi end of Tiookea bearing E. N. E. three miles j and the extremes of an ifland to leeward, called Oura, from W. 3® N. to W. 27“ S.

For the other iflands we faw on our palfage, fee the-chart.

6th. At feven in the morning we faw the high land of Otaheite ; and at noon, being clofe in, we ran between the Dolphin bank andnbsp;Point Venus reef, and came to anchor in Matavai bay in thirteennbsp;fathoms water, and immediately moored fliip. The natives crowdednbsp;off, all exceedingly glad to fee us j the brethren followed in a flat-bottomed boat, which they had been defired to build for the purpofenbsp;of pafling the fliallow entrance of the river with the goods. Thenbsp;report they gave was pleafing to us all. They had, in general, enjoyed good health. The natives had conftantly obferved the fame re-fpedlful behaviour towards them as at firft, and had never failed a daynbsp;to fupply them abundantly with all kinds of provifions. Refpeélingnbsp;the purpofes of the miffion, it .was a point of which they could notnbsp;as yet fay any thing more than that appearances were encouraging.nbsp;From the little experience they had gained of the people, theynbsp;fuppofed them teachable s and though rooted in the traditions andnbsp;prejudices of their anceftors, they hoped that a knowledge of thenbsp;language, and perfeverance in their duty, would have a great effectnbsp;upon the rifing generation. Their example had already reftrainednbsp;the natural levity of the natives, and overawed them j fo that theynbsp;feldom attempt to adh a heeva within their hearing ; and when theynbsp;come near on the fabbath, they always behave with decency. Their

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

drefs and manners alfo exhibited 'great improvement on the fide of modefty.

However, in their own department, there had been fome difference of opinion concerning their interior regulations. Confidering theirnbsp;fmall number, their committee and the office of prefident had beennbsp;diflblved ; the office of fiorc-kcepcr, amp;c. had alfo been changed jnbsp;and all public meafures were debated, difapproved, or adopted, bynbsp;the body ; a majority fettling the' matter. But their own journalsnbsp;will give the moft accurate ftatement of their proceedings during ournbsp;abfence.

March 26th. The fhip quitted the bay of Mataväi this day, and was foon out of fight. Our brethren who laft departed from thenbsp;fhip in a canoe had an unpleafant return, by reafon of the wind,nbsp;and were obliged to land at a diftance, but got to their companions in the evening, and received their canoe and its contents fafenbsp;the next day.

27th. Brother Puckey informed'the brethren refpeifting Eimëo, and the veffel he had gone thither to examine. He advifed, thatnbsp;as Männe Manne and his people had been exceedingly friendly, theynbsp;fhould launch the veffel, and bring her to Mataväi bay to be completed. Puckey and Lock were accordingly appointed to go to Eimëonbsp;for this purpofe. A confultation was held refpeding Micklewright ; though all condemned his condud, the majority prevailed,nbsp;that, if he profeffed repentance, he fhould be received. Some ofnbsp;the brethren thought he ought to be wholly feparated from them asnbsp;a hypocrite.

28th. A confiderable prefent came from Pomärre and Iddeah of all forts of provifions, affuring us, when thefe were expended, theynbsp;would fend a confiant fupply.

29th. We are daily viïîted by the king, queen, Iddeah, and many of the natives. Some of the Otaheiteans, whom we have with usnbsp;as helpers, fpeak many Englifh words, and are eager to be taught thenbsp;art of reading ; they have already learnt moft of the characters of thenbsp;alphabet, though our neceflary avocations have prevented us fromnbsp;paying much attention to this point, or from employing ourfelves innbsp;the acquifition of their language. We have provifion in great abundance : a gracious Providence evidently favours our defign.

31ft. Vifited by the king and queen ; complained to them of the deftrudion occafioned by the rats. They fent in immediately fournbsp;cats.

April I ft. Vifited by the king and queen, and Mawroa the hufband of Pomärre’s filler, a man of good fenfe and great authority henbsp;brought a chefi; to be repaired, and requefted Wm. Puckey to be hisnbsp;tayo ; he hefitated at firft, but, on the reprefentation of the Swedenbsp;how much he could ferve us, he confented.

2d. Though multitudes of natives, with the king and queen, attended our worfhip, for want of our interpreter we were unablenbsp;to addrefs them j but they looked on filent whilfi we preached andnbsp;adminiflered the Lord’s fupper.

3d. Took three Otaheiteans to alfifi in our cookery and attend our hogs. The king and queen brought a large prefent of cocoa-nuts tonbsp;brother Cover and his wife, defiring to become their adopted children, and promifing to regard them as their father and mother.nbsp;Pomârre and Iddeah brought a larger in the evening, and begged themnbsp;to receive the king and queen as their own progeny. The womennbsp;croffed the river to vifit the garden and the country around ; the kingnbsp;followed them, and paid them every mark of attention, diredling themnbsp;to the bell roads, and ordering his attendants to provide cocoa-nutsnbsp;for their refreihment. It is incredible to fee the quantity of provifionsnbsp;poured in upon us j we have not lefs than a waggon-load of fruits,nbsp;befides the multitudes of hogs and poultry. Surely the Lord hathnbsp;done this.

I

April.]

4th. At a quarter paft eight o’clock we aflembled for our monthlyprayer meeting ; were revived with the conlideration of the thoufands of God’s people who were remembering us, and at the fame thronenbsp;of grace praying for our fuccefs among the heathen.

5th. Our daily royal vifitors have taken up their abode of late at Matavai, on purpofe to benearus. Pomärre brought a chair to benbsp;repaired, which the captain had given him, with a mulket and fowling-piece ; thefe we excufed ourfelves from repairing, except the chair,nbsp;till the fmith had fet up his forge ; but he left them with us. Theirnbsp;huts very much refemble a travelling camp of gyp lies.

6th. Early this morning Otoo fent ten men to prepare wood for creóling the blackfmith’s fhop. Our brethren from Eimëo returned,nbsp;and made us the pleaftng report, that they had been very kindlynbsp;received by the natives, who never attempted to fteal any of ournbsp;tools, and were ready to give us every affiftance. Brother J. Puckey,nbsp;©n the Lord’s day, had addrefled them by Andrew ; they heardnbsp;attentively, and faid it was very good ; but it could be of no ufe tonbsp;them to change their religion, as the brethren would fo foon leavenbsp;them and carry away the book. Wc afl'urcd them we wouldnbsp;return and teach them again very foon. The natives replied, if anynbsp;of the chiefs embraced our religion they Ihould follow.

The velTel they had planked up, fo that Ihc would be fit to come over in a few days.

Micklewright’s condud was very diftrefting to us ; none of our rcmonftrances could keep him from the natives.

8th. One of the arreoies, the tayo of brother Henry, came to us with his wife big with child ; they were taking their leave of us, innbsp;order, during their ab fence, to deftroy the infant which Ihould be born,nbsp;according to the ordinance of that diabolical fociety. We thoughtnbsp;this a proper opportunity to remonftrate with them againft this horridnbsp;cuftom. The mother felt with tendernefs, and appeared willing tonbsp;fpare the infant ; but the brutal chief continued obftinatcly bent onnbsp;his purpofe, though he acknowledged it a bloody aól, pleading the

x

’ [1797-eftabliflied cuftom, his lofs of all privileges, and the diflblution of the fociety, if this fhould become general. We offered to build themnbsp;a houfe for the pregnant women, and take every child which fhouldnbsp;be born into our immediate care. We threatened him, that fuchnbsp;an unnatural act would exclude him from our friendfhip for ever, andnbsp;more, that the Eatôoa, our God, would certainly punifli him. Henbsp;laid, if he faw the arreoies deftroyed by the Eatôoa for it, he wouldnbsp;defifl; and afked if their forefathers were fuffering for thefe praétices.nbsp;Our brethren failed not to open to him the wrath of God againft allnbsp;iingodlinefs and unrighteoufnefs of men. On this he walked offnbsp;dejedted, but not apparently determined to defift from the evil ornbsp;danger of his ways. A few days afterwards he came, and promifed,nbsp;if the child were born alive, he would bring it to us ; and on anothernbsp;vifit afterwards with his wife, renewed his promife, on forfeiture ofnbsp;our favour.

Männe Manne returned from Opärre with abundance of clothes and provifion for all the brethren. We took the opportunity to inform Pomärre, that next day we Ihould fpeak to them the paröw nonbsp;t’Eatöoa, the word of God j and invited them to come, which theynbsp;promifed.

9th. Brother Lewis preached from Thou fiait not kill^ to the king, queen, Männe Manne, and a number of the natives, who heardnbsp;with ferions attention, and faid, “ My ty te paröw no Pretane, imänbsp;“ tipperähai mydide, imä pöhhe röä té taata : Good is the wordnbsp;“ of Britain, not to kill children, not to facrifice men.” The high-prieft whifpering fomething, we aflced him what he faid j he an-fwered, he told the people to leave off their wicked ways.

Pomärre and Iddeah came at noon, and going into the married brethren’s apartment, found them converfing with the arreoies on thenbsp;evil of deftroying infants. Iddeah was particularly addrefled on thenbsp;fubjeót, as lhe too was pregnant by a toutou who cohabited with her,nbsp;and was alfo of the arreoie fociety. Pomärre and Iddeah had fornbsp;fome time ceafed to cohabit j he had taken another wife, and flie one

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

of her fervants j but they lived in the fame date of friendfliip, and with no lofs of dignity. The brethren endeavoured to convince hernbsp;of the dreadfulnefs of murder, in a mother efpecially. They pro-mifed to receive the child immediately, and it fliould be no trouble tonbsp;her J but fhe was füllen, and made no reply. They then addreflednbsp;Pomärre, and entreated his interference in fupprefling fuch a éts ofnbsp;inhumanity ; and to give orders that no more human facrifices Ihouldnbsp;be offered. He replied, he would; faid, that Captain Cook toldnbsp;him it fhould not be done j but did not flay long enough to inftruétnbsp;them. One of the brethren then faid, that we were come for thatnbsp;exprefs purpofe, and hoped he would hearken to our counfel ; pointing out all the danger and difadvantage to themfelves j and warningnbsp;them, that if they defpifed our inftruólions, and continued in theirnbsp;wicked practices, we fhould leave them and go to another ifland,nbsp;where we could hope for more attention. Pomärre was evidentlynbsp;' affeéled by what was faid, and efpecially could not bear the thoughtnbsp;of our leaving him ; and promifed he would ufe all his authority tonbsp;put an end to thefe praétices. He indeed appears of a teachable dif-pofition and open to conviélion. Männe Manne came in during thisnbsp;converfation ; and we told him freely, that if he offered any morenbsp;human facrifices he would utterly forfeit our friendfliip, and muffnbsp;confider us as his enemies. He replied, he certainly would not.nbsp;On this we informed him, that our Lord knew his heart, whethernbsp;he was fincere in his promifes.

We renewed our attempts with Iddeah, invited her to continue with us, and fuffer our women to take care of her child ; that hernbsp;example would have the happieft effeéls upon the nation j and knowing her eagernefs for European cloth, we promifed her three fhirts,nbsp;and any other articles, when the fliip arrived ; yea more, that wenbsp;would report her condudt to Queen Charlotte and the Britifh eareenbsp;ladies, to whom nothing would more endear her ; and that the nextnbsp;fhip would affuredly bring her very valuable prefents. She faid thenbsp;child was bafe born; had it beenPomärre’s, it would have lived; but

X 2

that now they were arreoies—and marched off with her paramour, who fat by and heard with utter indifference.

In the afternoon we again addreffed the natives through the interpreter. We alked them if they underftood what we faid ; they an-fwered, Yes, and that it was very good. Among our auditors was Mawröa, the hufband of Pomärr»e’s filler, widow of Motuaro, thenbsp;late chief of Eimeo. In converfation with us, he faid he was re-folved to throw away the gods that could neither hear, nor fee, nornbsp;fpeak, and worfhip the Englifh God. He put feveral qucftions tonbsp;us, particularly, whether it was not lawful for a man to have onenbsp;wife} we told him, affuredly ; it was an ordinance of our God :nbsp;to which he replied, “ My ty, my ty, very good.”

10th. A wet day. In the intervals of the Ihowers went in quell of a fituation for creeling new habitations, the prefent not having thenbsp;land fo good around them, and being a very fandy foil. We did notnbsp;fix, but the majority feemed defirous to build on the fpot which thenbsp;mutineers had chofen, as having the advantages of foil, as well asnbsp;the eallerly breezes from the mountain ; feveral waterfalls near formednbsp;a meandering flream through the valley ; the foot of the mountainsnbsp;abounded in bread-fruit and cocoa-nut, and the land appeared fuitednbsp;for cultivation, being cleared of trees which had been burned downnbsp;by the mutineers ; with an opening to the weft, which let in a beautiful view of Mataväi bay, and a diflant profpedl of Eimeo.

12th. This day Iddeah appeared again in public, and Männe Manne communicated to us the afflidlive intelligence that fhe hadnbsp;murdered her new-born babe. It was therefore refolved by thenbsp;brethren, that no more prefents fliould be received from Iddeah ; andnbsp;that our marked difapprobation of her condudl fhould be fhewnnbsp;whenever flie came to our houfe. Commenced a weekly lecture ;nbsp;brother Henry fpoke from “ The Son of Man is come to feek andnbsp;“ .fave that which was loll the king and many Otaheiteans werenbsp;prefent.

13th, Pomärre and Iddeah came with a vaft prefent of hogs and

»57 vegetables, which were feparated into four parcels. We afked Pomarrenbsp;from whom they came ; we thankfully accepted his, but refufed tonbsp;touch thofe which Iddeah offered, and affigned our reafons, whichnbsp;Andrew communicated. She was highly offended ; faid fhe had anbsp;right to do with her children as fhe pleafed, and fhould obferve thenbsp;cuftoms of the country without minding our difpleafure ; and walkednbsp;off with her toutou, leaving the prefent behind: a new cheft whichnbsp;had been made for her, being her own materials, was given her,nbsp;and fhe carried it off with her. Yet her unnatural crime did notnbsp;utterly pafs unpunifhed ; a dreadful milk abfcefs brought her undernbsp;the furgeon’s knife, and repeated fharp rebukes ; yet her heart appeared ffill hardened. She is a bold daring fpirit, and much morenbsp;warlike than her hufband Pomârre. As we would not receive Iddeah’snbsp;prefent, we wifhed Männe Manne to diftribute it to the natives, in-ftead of which he carried it off to his own houfe.

Yet even this is but one among many unnatural crimes which we dare not name, committed daily without the idea of fhame or guilt.nbsp;In various diftrids of the ifland there are men who drefs as women ;nbsp;work with them at the cloth ; are confined to the fame provifionsnbsp;and rule of eating and dreffing ; may not eat with the men, or ofnbsp;their food, but have feparate plantations for their peculiar ufe.nbsp;r It is remarkable, that with all thefe horrid vices fo predominant,nbsp;in our prefence they never fhew an attitude or commit an ad un-feemly ; indeed they profefs hardly to know what we are, and fufpednbsp;we are not Englifhmen, or like any others they have feen who havenbsp;ever vifited their ifland.

It may be worth a remark, that Iddeah had not been abfent from our houfe tw’o days before fhe appeared as if nothing ailed her ; withnbsp;fo little inconvenience do the moft painful operations of nature affednbsp;thofe of that happy climate.

14th. Männe Manne brought us more hogs, and one of our fow’s having farrowed, we had now fifty-nine in the fly fo that wcnbsp;may truly fay the good of the land is before us. Brother Jefferfca

ijS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

addreflèd the natives, with the king and queen ; fome of them looked fo ftedfaftly at the minifter, as if eager to devour every word thatnbsp;was fpoken. “ My heart,” fays W. Puckey, “ was much engagednbsp;' “ in fecret prayer for thefe poor fouls,”

15th. Wanted plank for the blackfmith’s fliop ; told the king. He faid, “ Harry-mie, come along.” I thought he had fome ready ;nbsp;I went with him and fix men j he carried me up the valley, andnbsp;fearching every houfe took what he liked ; many of the people ftoutlynbsp;refilled, but his men would not leave a plank. I told the king, withnbsp;whom we exercife the moll entire familiarity, that he was a thief.nbsp;“ No,” fays he, “ it is the cullom of Otaheite.”

The king was carried on men’s Ihoulders, and through fuch dangerous places, that he ran the greatell rilk of breaking his bones j but he mull not alight, as every place his foot touches becomes facrednbsp;and his own ground. At lall we arrived at a territory of his own ;nbsp;when alighting, he took a majellic ft ride, and llalking on, “ Puckey,”nbsp;fays he, “ is this as King George walks ?” I told him. Yes. Havingnbsp;gone about three miles I defired to return, though the king wouldnbsp;have gone farther, notwithllanding the rain. He then gave me anbsp;hog, and made the people from whom he had taken the plank carrynbsp;it down to our houfe.

I waited two hours, but the rain not abating, I pulhed homewards j in croffing the river I had like to have been carried away by thenbsp;llream, and cried out ; one of our fervants immediately plunged in,nbsp;and brought me fafe to land, though drenched to the Ikin as I hadnbsp;been the whole day.

16th. This day we thrice addrelfed the natives by our interpreter, and with their ufual attention ; but as foon as they retired, they fell, like children, to their own light amufements. The Lordnbsp;grant the feed fown may take firmer root in their hearts !

17th. Having given in the plan of the flat-bottomed boat which was to be built againll the captain’s return, it was approved. Po-mârre, on application, ordered fix men to attend me ; I had liberty

April.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;159

to cut down whatever I chofe, and had not proceeded far before I found an excellent poüröw tree, fufficient to build a veil’d of any burden ;nbsp;it molt refembles a 111, but the wood is harder j it grows crooked,nbsp;and is very capital for timbers and knees. The natives with me defired me not to do any thing, but only to mark where and how tonbsp;cut, and they would do the work.

18th. Not able to work through pain in my back, my tayo and his wife coming, they defired to chamfer me, which gave me greatnbsp;relief. The fhop being fini fired, and brother Hodges with Haflell atnbsp;work, the natives crowded round him, but vaftly frightened withnbsp;the fparks and hiffing of the iron in water. Pomarre came, fu-premely delighted with the bellows and forge, and catching the black-fmith in his arms, all dirty as he was, joined nofes with him, andnbsp;expreffed his high fatis fact ion. After work they were going to bathenbsp;themfelves in the river, when the young king laid hold of an armnbsp;of each, and went down with them to bathe. His queen, Tetua,nbsp;followed, and faid to Haflell, “ Harre no t’avye. Go into the wa-“ ter:” but they fignified they wiflred flie would leave them firft;nbsp;on this fire retired : as for herfelf, fire often bathes at noon-day attended by twenty men, feldom ever having any women to wait onnbsp;her.

20th. A native fl ole a box for the fake of the nails; we feized and confined him for three hours, and then liberated him, informingnbsp;him, that, fliould any be caught in future, they flrould be more feverelynbsp;punifhed. Soon after Pomarre and Männe Manne brought a peaceoffering of a pig and plantain-leaf. The leaf we accepted, but wenbsp;faid we could not receive the pig, having forgiven the offence.

. 21 ft. Two of our brethren went with three natives to procure more wood : we went up the valley ; it is about feven miles long andnbsp;a quarter of a mile broad, with very little defeent, which makes thenbsp;river meander flowly through it. It is covered with trees, except anbsp;few verdant fpots from whence the wood is cleared. The mountains-on both fides are exceedingly high and perpendicular, covered with

i6o nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

fhrubs and trees, where parrots, parroquets, and a kind of grey thrulh which fings delightfully, build their nefts. The natives arenbsp;numerous and flourilhing ; they fee the fun but a few hours in thenbsp;day, his beams being intercepted by the mountains, and a light coolnbsp;breeze blows downward continually. They have fine plantations ofnbsp;yava and cloth trees neatly enclofed ; and they have all the other ediblesnbsp;in vaft profufion, but are fo indolent, that they hardly are at thenbsp;pains to gather them. They eat when they are hungry, and fleepnbsp;when they pleafe. There were feveral infeóled with that horriblenbsp;difeafe Europeans probably have left them, and fome with their limbsnbsp;ready to drop off.

Staying at a houfe till the reft returned, having made my feet fore, the kind inhabitant prefented me his wife ; and though I excufednbsp;myfelf from that favour, he inftantly prepared a hog, which wasnbsp;ready as foon as my companions came from the mountain ; whilftnbsp;our hoft himfelf would wait on his guefts.

At our return brother Henry was preaching to the natives ; and after fervice Männe Manne obferved, that “ we gave them plentynbsp;“ of the word of God, but not of many other things.-”

22d, 23d. Nothing but the ufual fervices ; read the articles of religion we had fubfcribed.

aqth. On a meeting of our fociety we agreed to new regulations, aboli filing the committee of five ; and as each had his vote in ournbsp;deliberations, a fecretary only was thought neceflary, and a prefident,nbsp;to be chofen at each meeting. We drew up rules for every day’s work jnbsp;the bell to ring at fix ; to be aflembed for prayer in half an hour ; tonbsp;labour till ten at our various occupations j to fpend from ten tillnbsp;three in mental improvement j from three till night at our ufualnbsp;employment j bell to ring at feven for prayer, and the journal to benbsp;read. We then proceeded to divide our iron for traffic, and caft lotsnbsp;for the watches.

27th. Purfuing our various employments, and daily attended by the natives. Five of us went to Eimco with Männe Manne to finiflx

his veflel. The brethren at Eimëo were nioft hofpitably entertained; but Micklewright, the fteward, having warped the Swede, andnbsp;difinclined him to us, he made a variety of excufes for not interpreting to the people as ufual. Having an addrefs tranflated, brothernbsp;Cover defired to read it to them, which Männe Manne approving,nbsp;under the fhade of a fpreading tree they fung, “ Salvation, O thenbsp;“ joyful found,” amp;c. and after prayer read the addrefs ; at the clofenbsp;of which Männe Manne exclaimed, “ Very good fellow !” and onnbsp;afking the natives if they underftood what was read, they replied,nbsp;“ Yes, it was very good.” They then crolTed the bay, fully an-fwering Cook’s defcription. The face of this ifland is very romantic :nbsp;the land around it is like the ruins of a ftupendous fortification.nbsp;The diftridt of Watawy is lefs mountainous and better cultivatednbsp;than any at Otaheite ; the foil deep and good. We retired to reft onnbsp;fome Otaheite cloth laid on the boards of the veffel. Brothersnbsp;Bicknell and Cock worked at the veffel, whilft Cover, with Andrew,nbsp;with much difficulty was preparing a tranflated addrefs ; obliged tonbsp;omit many fentences for want of words. Set off for Otaheite ; fleptnbsp;at Popo bay in the canoe, very uncomfortably. The wind in-creafing, we were driven to leeward, and juft made Attahooroo.nbsp;Earneft to reach our houfe for the fabbath, we fet off on foot, andnbsp;left the canoe with the natives.

On the way we vifited the tupapow of Orapiah : he is in a fitting pofture, clothed in red cloth, under a ffied; a native attending daynbsp;and night, and offering provifions to the mouth of the dead corpfe,nbsp;which not being received, he eats them himfelf. We reached homenbsp;after twelve o’clock, very much fatigued, not having put off ournbsp;clothes fince we left Mataväi.

29th, 30th. Our brethren were adlively employed, fawing plank for the boat. The natives are vaftly furprifed to fee us cut fo manynbsp;boards out of one tree, two being the moft they attempt : they arenbsp;amazed to obferv'e the facility with which we work all our tools.nbsp;Going to the blackfmith’s ffiop, I obfcrved a chief peeping in ; Inbsp;Y

[1797-alked him why he .went not within ; he faid he was (mattow) frighted, and angry with the fire for fpitting at him. As foon as thenbsp;iron hifles in the water, or on the anvil, the natives fly.

Three of the brethren accompanied Pomärre in a journey through the ifland, in order to make obfervations.

May I ft. The king came with a mulket and four piftols to be repaired and cleaned. On confultation we demurred to the reqyeft ;nbsp;but as he had lent a hog and other things to the fmith, we orderednbsp;one of the piftols to be done, and put off the reft for a while.

ad. Our monthly prayer meeting. We Ihall tranfcribe a paflage from one of the journals on this occafion, which others will feel withnbsp;fenfations of delight as we do ;

lt;lt;

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• lt;

• lt;

• lt;

who fupply all our wants. Our hogs are increafed to feventyj and we have entreated them to bring no more. One öf our lheep broughtnbsp;a fine young ram lamb, much wanted.

5th. Held a meeting preparatory to the communion. Brother Lewis, as eldeft minifter, after prayer, examined every one with greatnbsp;fidelity and tendernefs, giving .fuch exhortation and reproof as wasnbsp;neceffary. A happy opennefs of mind and melting of heart prevailed ; and fymptoms of genuine contrition for any paft improprieties towards each other. This was the firft meeting of the kindnbsp;we had held, and it was truly profitable : we experienced fomethingnbsp;of the healing and refrelhing prefence of God with us. Refolvednbsp;fuch meeting ftiould be monthly.

7th. Vifited by a chief prieft from Papara, Temärree, who is reputed equal tp Männe Manne, He is called an Eatöoa j fometimes, Tâata no t’Eatooa, the man of the Eatöoa : he was drcffed in a wrapper

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of Otaheitean cloth, and over it an officer’s coat doubled round him. At his firft approach he appeared timid, and was invited in : he wasnbsp;but juft feated when the cuckoo clock ftruck, and filled him withnbsp;aftonifhment and terror. Old Pyetca had brought the bird fomcnbsp;bread-fruit, obferving it muft be ftarved if we never fed it. Atnbsp;breakfaft we invited Temârree to our repaft -, but he firft held out hisnbsp;hand with a bit of plantain, and looked very folemn, which one ofnbsp;the natives faid was an offering to the Eatöoa, and we muft receive ;nbsp;when we had taken it out of his hand, and laid it under the table,nbsp;he fat down and made a hearty breakfaft.

Brother Cover read the tranflated addrefs to all thefe refpeóled guefts, the natives liftening with attention, and particularly the ¦nbsp;prieft, who feemed to drink in every word, but appeared difpleafednbsp;when urged to caft away their falfe gods ; and on hearing the namesnbsp;Jehovah and Jefus, he would turn and whifper. The people werenbsp;examined by the brethren if they underftood what was faid, and repeated a confiderable part of what had been delivered, and feemednbsp;greatly pleafed.

9th. Temârree accompanied the king and queen, and ftaid to dine with us. He is, we find, of the royal race, and fon of thenbsp;famed Obërea. He is the firft chief of the ifland after Pomarre, bynbsp;whom he has been fubdued, and now lives in friendftiip with him,nbsp;and has adopted his fon. He is alfo high in efteem as a prieft. Hisnbsp;name of Eatöoa engaged our converfation. We told him the Eatöoanbsp;could not die, as he muft. A by-ftanding native faid, “ that henbsp;muft be a bad Eatöoa indeed ; for he had himfelf feen one of hisnbsp;kind killed with a mufket ; and that they were no gods who couldnbsp;be killed.” Thefe priefts pretend to great power, as forcerers, tonbsp;kill and make alive ; and the people are in much awe of them : but wenbsp;fet their power at nought.

12th. We received afflidlive intelligence that Micklewright and the Swede had fired upon the inhabitants at Eimëo ; this grieved

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and alarmed us. We difpatched a letter to our brethren then with Pomarre, advifing them of what had happened, and haftening theirnbsp;return. With thefe men we determined to have no more intercourfe.

13th. The birth-day of little Otoo Halfell ; but this name is lb facred here, that every word into which Otoo enters is prohibited,nbsp;and may only be ufed in fpeaking of and to the king.

14th. The tayo of Puckey returned from Oparre, and brought a prefent : it being the Lord’s day, he declined accepting it till the nextnbsp;morning. Fewer natives attended the worlhip to-day than ufual.

15th. Our brethren returned in confequence of our letters, all but brother Main, who Raid one night with Temärree : he joined us thenbsp;next day.

16th. The account they give is, that they made the circuit of the greater peninfula, and entered Tiaraboo, which Pomärree reprefentednbsp;as of very difficult travelling ; fo they returned by the fouth, andnbsp;were every where kindly received, and moft hofpitably entertained bynbsp;Temärree, who prevailed on brother Main to be his tayo, and gavenbsp;him and brother Clode each a double canoe, ffiewing them all hisnbsp;flores and fire-arms which he got from the mutineers ; the guns,nbsp;however, by the policy of the Swedes, are all bent. Pomarre, andnbsp;the king and queen, would fain have detained them, not meaningnbsp;themfelves to return to Matavai till the ffiip comes. Every eveningnbsp;and morning the king, or fome of the people, reminded them of thenbsp;farow, or prayer, and joined with them attentively ; but fometimesnbsp;the natives were noify and interruptive : however, the brethren dailynbsp;maintained their worlhip, and on the fabbath retired, and enjoyednbsp;fweet communion with God.

Their fingularity of manners in this part of the ifland, which had not been vifited by them, their finging, and alking a bleffing onnbsp;their meals, excited furprife and laughter, though probably not thenbsp;laugh of contempt j for every where they were treated fumptuoufly,nbsp;and fometimes on a table, with plates, in the Englifh fafliion. We

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cannot omit an obfervation here made by one of the brethren : “Yet “ all this kindnefs is not the gofpel : were we as gods among them,nbsp;“ we fhould be wretched, if they believed not our meflage.”

“ A prieft, who pretended to great power in witchcraft, pro-

duced a rulh wrapped up in the form of a bird, and hiewed me,’’ fays one of the miffionaries, “ how they worlhipped their god bynbsp;“ this inftrument, and intimated that it gave the divine refponfe asnbsp;“ our bible. To a curious perfon it would have been a feaft tonbsp;“ examine, but my bowels yearned over their ignorance and idolatry.

“ The fame prieft very kindly anointed my legs, which were much “ afteded, with the juice of an herb, which gave me more reliefnbsp;“ before morning than all the applications I had made for threenbsp;“ weeks before ; fo that they are not deftitute of fome medical know-“ ledge, probably the refult of experience.”

Faffing into Tiaraboo, we vifited Pomarre’s youngeft fon at Matowee, his diftrid, the beft cultivated and moft populous wenbsp;have feen. We ftopped at Wyoteea, as Pomarre faid the next diftridnbsp;was not friendly to him ; but we went ourfelves and returned, andnbsp;met the fame civilities every where.

On our return, brother Broomhall, through fatigue, and catching cold, had one day a ffiarp feveriffi attack. One of the priefts toldnbsp;him this ficknefs was inflided upon him by the Otaheite Eatöoa,nbsp;who was angry, and would kill him. Broomhall faid he was not atnbsp;all afraid of their god, who was a bad god, or rather no god j thatnbsp;our Jehovah fent it, and would remove it thé next day. The fayingnbsp;inftantly fpread among the natives ; and brother Broomhall began tonbsp;fear he had fpoken too haftily and unthinkingly of his fpeedynbsp;recovery, and that God might be diflionoured if his illnefs increafed :nbsp;he therefore looked up earneftly to God in prayer to heal him. Thenbsp;prieft came to him again and again, as he turned in his bed, andnbsp;alked if he ftiould be well to-morrow ? He faid, he trufted his Godnbsp;would reftore him. He had a refrelhing night’s fleep, and on thenbsp;morrow found himfelf recovered, and rofe. Many of the natives that

day queftioned him if he was well, and feemed aftonifhed at his recovery. The prieft, among the reft, defired to know if the Pretanee God had fent away the ficknefs j he faid, Yes ; and took this occa-fion to fpeak to him about their fuperftitions, and urged that thenbsp;gods which he and his deluded followers worfliipped were no gods ;nbsp;but the prieft infifted that they had gods, and a great many, andnbsp;that they prayed to the good ones to keep away the bad ones ; and ifnbsp;he did not biefs the food, the bad gods would enter into the men andnbsp;kill them. Brother Broomhall replied, that they were under no ap-prehenfion of the bad god entering their food, let him pray as muchnbsp;as he pleafed, he fhould eat without fear,- but the prieft faid, he didnbsp;not wifti to do him harm, and walked off confounded. This cir-cumftance Ihews we muft expeéf oppofition when we have acquirednbsp;the language, and go forth among them to teftify that their deeds arenbsp;evil. O that we may rejoice in being counted worthy to fuller fornbsp;Chrift’s name fake !

The accounts of former navigators as to the populoufnefs of the country are greatly exaggerated. We think that not a fourth part fonbsp;many will be found as Captain Cook fuppofes, perhaps not a tenth.

In this excurfion we vifited one chief, in whofe houfe were many wooden gods, of different names : the god of the fun, and moon,nbsp;and ftars, of men, and women, and children, amp;c. They had eachnbsp;a fword, axe, or hammer in their hands, which, the prieft faid,nbsp;was to kill thofe who offended them, unlefs they offered a facrifice ornbsp;atonement for their crime. When they offer any thing, whether mennbsp;or hogs, or a canoe, they fay, “ Take this, and be not angry.”—Yet tonbsp;thefe wooden reprefentatives they fecmed to pay little refpedl.

15th. Held a very profitable meeting, to exprefs the feelings of our minds refpeéting the work in which we are engaged. Haffell andnbsp;Hodges went to feek free fand at Opärre, but found none. Every houfenbsp;offered them fowls, if they would ftay the drefling; and at Pomärre’snbsp;a hog was immediately killed and drcfîèd j they got twenty pine-applenbsp;plants : and as they returned they were met every where by the people

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avith apples, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit ; and one man forced upon them a balkct containing a roafted fowl and bread-fruit, which theynbsp;brought home. “ I took occafion,” fays one of them, “ to fpeaknbsp;“ againft their intoxication with yava. They faid it only made themnbsp;“ dance, and tobacco did the fame. I wifh it never had been broughtnbsp;“ here by us.”

19th—23d. Several fucceeding days are only marked with ordinary occurrences. Happily to-day our filter Henry increafed our numbernbsp;with a healthy female child, after a fafe and eafy delivery. Thus,nbsp;inftead of death making inroads among us, and in a climate fo different from our native foil, not one of us is debilitated with difeafe.nbsp;Surely the defire of every heart is to devote all our ftrength to thenbsp;glory of the great Author of it.

ayth. The boat goes on brilkly, and will foon be finifhed. Two of us went to examine the coral reef before the mouth of the river :nbsp;on the infide the depth is very irregular ; in fome places the water isnbsp;two or three fathoms, in others a boat can fcarcely pafs. The bottomnbsp;is beautiful ; branching trees of coral, with fmall fifh of the moldnbsp;beautiful and vivid colours fwimming in the midft of them. Ournbsp;canoe upfet, but no danger enfued.

28th. “ This evening, after divine fervice, I walked,” fays W. Puckey, “ with a native who had been fome time with us ; andnbsp;“ from the beautiful fcene of creation around us, I took occafion tonbsp;“ difcourfe of Him who made all thefe things. He faid, The Godnbsp;“ of Prëtane made all things there, but not at Otaheite ; that one ofnbsp;“ their gods reached up, and ftuck the ftars in -the Iky} and thatnbsp;“ Mawwa, a being of enormous ftrength, holds the fun with ropes,nbsp;fo that he may not go fafter than he pleafes. I endeavoured tonbsp;“ undeceive him refpeóling thefe tales of their priefts ; and, pointingnbsp;“ to the houfe at Oparre, told him they were no gods who werenbsp;“ placed there, but the work of men’s hands ; for there the threenbsp;“ great gods, Ooroo, Tane, and Taroa are, to whom they onlynbsp;facrifice in great extremities, when the priefts fay they are angry.

C’797-“ I aflced the young man, how they knew they were angry. He faid, “ By fpeaking to us. I aflced how this was done; he laughing faid,nbsp;“ on thefe occafions, a pricft wrapped himfelf in a bundle of cloth,nbsp;rolled up like a ball, and fpoke in a fliarp, flirill, fqueaking voice,nbsp;“ ‘ I am angry j fetch me hogs, kill a man, and my anger will be ap-“ peafed.’ I endeavoured to fhew him the folly and knavery of thenbsp;“ impofture, and regretted my want of words and language to makenbsp;“ myfelf better undcrftood. May the Lord haften the happy time,nbsp;“ when .the power of the gofpel ftiall take root in the hearts of thefenbsp;“ benighted people ! ”

29th. Refolved, without delay, to eredl a building for Mr. Lewis to print a vocabulary and grammar ; and that each member have anbsp;copy, and one be fent to the diredlors.

30th. Männe Manne fent his tayo, Mr. Cover, a prefent of a double canoe, three goats, and about twenty fowls ; with thefe camenbsp;a letter from Andrew, the Swede, directed to Mr. Cover, wherein henbsp;exprefles a defire to have fome of the carpenters fent over to Eimëo,nbsp;to alfift in finifliing Männe Manne’s vefiTel. We much fui ped thenbsp;truth of what it contains, it is as follows :

“ Sir,

“ Upon the requeft of your friend Männe Manne, I muft inform “ you, that he defires your brethren would come over to us as foonnbsp;“ as poITible i and if no more than one can be fparcd, that he wouldnbsp;“ bring a faw along with him, by means of which we may be ablenbsp;“ to proceed in finifhing the vcftcl, which, at the prefent time, is innbsp;“ danger of being burnt down to afhes, on account of a fpite thatnbsp;“ Pomärre’s wife has againft the old man and me, and even your-“ felves, for us telling her that fhe was in the wrong in killing ofnbsp;“ her own child. She has ordered the people in almoft every diftridfnbsp;“ of Eimëo to feize upon the old man, and kill him, and us, andnbsp;“ every one that fhould take his part. We were aflaultcd the 8th ofnbsp;“ this month by an infurredion of about three hundred men, be-

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** longing to our own place, that came on purpofe to infult us ; but “ we being forewarned a few days ago of their intentions, they didnbsp;“ not fucceed to their with, as the fteward and I were on our guard ;nbsp;“ and, as foon as they began to infult the old man, by firing a roundnbsp;or two amongft them they difperfed without the lofs of any life,nbsp;“ or hurt, except one man that was wounded by me, at the firftnbsp;onfet, with my cutlafs. They have now atked our pardon, andnbsp;begged peace ; but are ftill very miftruftful of them, as they havenbsp;“ removed what little they have to a diftant part j that we are undernbsp;the neceffity of keeping a good look-out at night, for fear of themnbsp;fetting fire to the houfe, which they have threatened to do. Sonbsp;if you cannot fpare any of the brethren to come over, pleafe tonbsp;fend word by the bearer of this what you think is befi; to be done.nbsp;And, if any one fhould come, I would advife them to bring fome-thing of defence with them, as that would greatly add to the fccu-rity of ourfelves, as well as that of the velfel.

“ bfe has likewife fulfilled his promife to you, by fending you a pair of canoes, three goats, and fome fowls. He has alfo fent bynbsp;the bearer two pieces of red cloth, which he withes you to getnbsp;made into an uniform coat, turned up with black or blue, and tonbsp;“ have it done as foon as poflible, fo that the bearers of .this maynbsp;bring it back with him when he returns, which will be fqme timenbsp;in going round to Tiaraboo.

“ For my own part, I am forry I could not come over to you, on “ account of the old man being afraid to ftayhy himfelf amongftnbsp;thofe troublefome neighbours of ours. We are ftill contented, andnbsp;“ will be more comforted by hearing that you' and your brethrennbsp;enjoy good health, unity ,and concord amongft yourfelves, andnbsp;peace with the natives. I have no more news at prefent, andnbsp;“ therefore remain, with efteem, your friend and well-wiflier,

(Signed) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;“ Andrew Cornelius Lind.“

170 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

At a meeting of the brethren, where this letter was read, it was thought unfafe for any of them to go to Eimêo while there was caufenbsp;of apprehenfion and danger. Neither could they at that time fpare anbsp;faw, as they were employed in much necelfary work of their own.nbsp;But they agreed that the coat for Männe Manne fliould be made withnbsp;all poffible difpatch.

We have ftrong intimations given us that Micklewright and the Swede intend to feize Männe Manne’s vcfl'cl as foon as lhe is fit fornbsp;fea, and make for Port Jackfon.

This afternoon our boat being completed, with the help of the natives, we got her out of the houfe, and launched her into the river.nbsp;It is twenty-two feet long, fix broad, forty-fix inches at each end jnbsp;the bottom feventeen j height two feet fix inches. ^Forty nativesnbsp;and two or three brethren jumped in as flie went off, and' rowednbsp;down to the fea : fhe moves very fwiftly, confidering her flat bottom,nbsp;draws only two inches of water, and is about fix tons burden.

June I ft. Held our preparation meeting for the Lord’s fupperj brother Jefferfon, leader : a precious and profitable feafon j great open-nefs of heart. Where any grievance had fubfifted, each acknowledgednbsp;his fault, and exprefted tender mutual forgivenefs j and much bleflingnbsp;followed.

ad, 3d. Employed in fitting up a printer’s fhop. Vifited by a number of ftrangers, and by Whyöoa, the younger brother ofnbsp;Pomärre, with his wife, a very elegant woman : fitted up a bedfteadnbsp;for him, with which he was highly gratified.

4th. Enjoyed the ordinance of the Lord’s fupper. A large body of natives affembling round us, we embraced the opportunity of reading to them an addrefs, tranflated by the Swede, which they faidnbsp;they underftood, exprefled themfelves pleafed, and fpoke of it to onenbsp;another.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;gt;

5th. About fifty people crofted the river, fent from Pomärre with provifions, confifting of three hogs, bread-fruit, cocoa-nut, and

mountain plantain, which each man carried at the ends of a pole paffed over his fliouldtr.

6th. The monthly prayer-meeting at nine. How many holy hands are lifted up for us !

yth. The natives who live with us pilfer us ; one of them this morning confelfed, and impeached his companions. They chargednbsp;principally two perfons who had left us : thefe were fent for, and onenbsp;of them being taken, owned the ftealing of a large axe, and a checknbsp;fliirt. He was imprifoned, but the ftolen goods being brought backnbsp;by his friends, he was releafed with a reprimand j a cleaver was alfonbsp;found at Attahooroo, and brought back. The other thief being atnbsp;the illand of Eimco, the natives fet off in a canoe to take him. In thenbsp;evening I fpoke to the young man we had difcharged, reminded him gt;nbsp;of the kindnefs we had fhewn him when ill, and his ingratitude j henbsp;faid, with tears in his eyes, he was a taata eno, a very bad man.

9th. Dr. Gillham having his clothes ftolen while he was bathing, three or four of us purfued the thief j he fled. Hearing a drum, wenbsp;hafted to the place, and having intelligence the thief was there, wenbsp;ruflied in, and feized him finely drefled for dancing ; about a hundred fled in a minute j we begged them not to be frightened, asnbsp;we only wanted the thief, whom we brought off, and chained to anbsp;pillar of the houfe ; yet he contrived to go off with the padlock ; butnbsp;being purfued, it was recovered, and he was difmiffed. None evernbsp;think of refifting ; yet, flrange to tell ! though they will run anynbsp;rilk to flea], they fcarcely ever ufe what they get, but lay it up.nbsp;Pomarre and Otoo have each more articles than any among us, yetnbsp;they produce none, wear only a piece of cloth round them, and arenbsp;ever craving for more.

nth. Brother Cover baptized the infant daughter of brother Henry, and preached a very judicious difcourfe on baptifm. Many ofnbsp;the natives were prefent, and looked with wonder, as if inquiring, whatnbsp;can thefe things mean ? They all exprefled great pleafure that a whitenbsp;woman had produced a child among them, and are exceedingly fond of

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the infant. Hearing a heeva the other fide of the river, ive called to them to defift. Old Pyatea’s wife came out, and faid they would donbsp;fo no more, as it was the God of Prëtane’s day, and immediately leftnbsp;off dancing.

We walked up the valley about a mile, where we have thoughts of erecting our new manfions $ fat down under a tree : the natives,nbsp;men, women, and children, flocked around us, and fat down j wenbsp;fung an hymn, and went to prayer for the falvation of the heathen,nbsp;in which themfelves joined in attitude. “ O how I antedate the time,”nbsp;fays Puckey, “ when I fhall be able to fpeak the language of thefenbsp;“ poor heathen I what opportunities fhall I then enjoy ! O for morenbsp;of the primitive 2eal of God’s faints to declare his truth !”

12th. This day the coat was fent tO Eimëo for Männe Manne by a man from Cornelius Lind, who waited for that purpofe. Anbsp;letter accompanied it in anfwer to that we had received.

“Sir, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mat aval, y une izth.

“ Your letter of the i6th ult, I received on the 29th, with a “ canoe, three goats, and feveral fowls, as a prefent from my tayonbsp;“ Männe Manne ; for which you will make him my grateful ac-“ knowledgmenls, and aflure him it will afford me pleafure whennbsp;“ I flaall be able to render him a more fuitable return. Your rcqueftnbsp;“ that two of the miffionaries might be fent to affifi: in fini thing thenbsp;“ veffel, I laid before our body, and it was unanimoufly agreed, thatnbsp;“ in the prefent ftate of the fociety we could not part with any ofnbsp;“ the brethren, becaufe of the work neceflary to be done before thenbsp;“ arrival of the Duff, which we cxpedt in a few days; and all thenbsp;“ time we can fpare will be needed for getting ready our letters fornbsp;“ Europe.

With refpeót to the infurredion you mention, of the 8th ult.

various reports have reached our ears, which give us great un-“ eafinefs, as we were informed you had killed two men. Knowing ’* neither the caufe which led to the perpetration of fuch an ad, nor

.J

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“ the confequences which might refult from it, we were induced to recall five of our brethren who were oii leave of abfence in thenbsp;“ diftridl of Paparra and Tiaraboo.' We hope you gave no caufe tonbsp;“ the natives to commence fuch an aflault. If it really originatednbsp;“ in the bread: of Iddeah from the part you took in reproving hernbsp;“ for her crime, fear not her difpleafure ; the Lord who hatethnbsp;“ iniquity is able to deliver you out of her hand. You afle our ad-vice, what is beft to be done : we really know not how to counfelnbsp;«* you in this refpeét, but hope your perfons by this time are out ofnbsp;danger of Iddeah’s refentment. Should it continue on the caufenbsp;‘‘ you fuggeft, we Ihould afford you protedtion under our roof.

“ By the bearer we fend an uniform coat for Männe Manne, made of the cloth fent us, and hope it will give him fatisfadlion. Thenbsp;“ brethren join with me in grateful acknowledgments for all fer-“ vices J andnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1 remain

“ Your fincere friend,

“ J. F. Cover.”

A fadl was reported to us this day, which, if true, was fhocking. In one of Captain Cook’s vifits he left a great monkey, who wasnbsp;made a chief at Attahooroo j he had a wife and thirty fervants, andnbsp;abundance of every thing : they called him Taata ooree harrai, thenbsp;great man dog. One day the woman feeing him catch the flies andnbsp;eat them, which they abominate, fhe ran away into the mountains jnbsp;the monkey and his toutous purfued, but being met by Temärre, whonbsp;was jealous of his authority, he knocked him down with a club, andnbsp;killed him.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;lt;

One of our brethren this afternoon-fitting in his birth writing, a young girl came in, and exprefled -her furprife that we behaved fonbsp;different to them from what all our countrymen had done. He toldnbsp;her that fuch practices were wicked, and that if we did fuch thingsnbsp;our God would be angry. “ Oh,” faid file, “ but I will come tonbsp;you in the night, and then none can fee us.”—He replied, “ No-

[»797-“ thing can be hid from our God; the night to him is as bright as “ the day, and there is no darknefs or fhadow of death where anynbsp;“ of the workers of wickednefs can hide themfelves. But, if younbsp;“ hrft put away your evil cuhorns, then we fhould love you.”

14th. Vilited by Mawroa, with a vaft fupply of vegetables ; three arreoies accompanied him, amazingly fat, and tattoued all over.nbsp;This fociety is conftantly wandering about from ifland to ifland.nbsp;They are the finch perfons we have feen, are faid to have each twonbsp;or three wives, which they exchange with each other ; and inhumanly murder every infant that is born among them. Wherever theynbsp;go they exercife power to feize what they want from the inhabitants.nbsp;They fmite their hand on their breaft, and fay, “ Harre, give,” whenever they covet any thing, and none dares deny them. They nevernbsp;work ; live by plunder ; yet are highly refpeéted, as none but perfonsnbsp;of rank are admitted among them. This makes women fo fcarce, andnbsp;other horrid vices fo common. May God haften the time of reformation !

16th. The weather has been unfettled for two or three days. In general we have had it delightful and pleafant ; and no hotter thannbsp;we have felt in England. We have been able to work all day withoutnbsp;inconvenience.

18th. Opened the day as ufual, and enjoyed much of God’s prefence ; embraced the opportunity to addrefs the natives in a written difcourfe. They affured us that men, women, and children underftoodnbsp;us, and faid, in Englilh, “ Very nice, and very good;” repeatingnbsp;it often, but defired we would put away the Prëtane paröw, andnbsp;fpeak to them in their own tongue, which we promifed them to donbsp;as foon as we fhould be able. And oh, that He may give us femenbsp;of thefe fouls for our hire, who fent us hither 1 We might have anbsp;hoft of converts if, like many miffionaries, we would admit to bap-tifm thofe who confefs our God and religion to be better than theirnbsp;own. But till we,fee them created, anew in Chrift Jefus, and turnednbsp;truly from darknefs .to light, and from the power of Satan unto God,

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we fliall not admit them to the participation of our facred ordinances.

A brother took occafion to fpeak to Tappeoy, one of our affiliants, and explain what Mr. Cover had preached in the morning, and toldnbsp;him he had himfelf left father, and mother, and filler, and manyfriends, to inform him about our God and Saviour Jefus Chrill, amp;c.nbsp;He lillened with attention, and feemed much alle died, laying. Nevernbsp;Englilhmen there before talked and a died as we did.

19th. Got up the flag-llaff forty feet high, rigged like a mall, but had like to have loll my life in procuring it from the mountains,nbsp;whither we went. The natives climb like fquirrels. I followednbsp;them till the rock became perpendicular, and I dreaded, when Inbsp;looked down, how to defeend again without being dalhed in pieces..nbsp;I committed myfelf to God, and holding by little pits in the rocksnbsp;very ffippery with rain, defeended trembling-; one hold failing, I mullnbsp;have gone headlong down the precipice ; indeed, without the help ofnbsp;the natives, I never could have got down at all. I immediately offered them all the filh-hooks and beads about me. One drangernbsp;only accepted a filh-hook ; the reft refufed to take any thing from me;nbsp;and he who took the hook faid he. would go and get the pole wenbsp;wanted.

A chief had a hog ready dreffed for us, and faid, any poles we wilhed ffiould be fent on Friday. As we came back we found thenbsp;river much fwollen with rain, and were carried over in many placesnbsp;by the natives. The valley was full of apple-trees loaded with fruit,nbsp;and hundreds lying on the ground negleóted.

On the 24th feveral natives came from other diflrióts where the breadfruit began to be fcarce, to gather fome from the trees in Mataväi ; upon which thofe of the dillridl, confidering the brethren as proprietors,nbsp;came and complained to them faying, that, except they prevented it,nbsp;there would be no fruit left. Accordingly two of our body werenbsp;difpatched to talk with them, and claimed their foie right to all thenbsp;produce of the trees. The flrangers promifed to come no more, only

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begged pcrmiffion to take what they had got, which was granted j and alfo a canoe lent them, the better to convey the fruit home.

The old chief, according to promife, brought us the poles, for which a knife was given him, and fomc red feathers, which greatlynbsp;delighted him. Went to Oparre in our boat for wood ; hofpitablynbsp;entertained; vifiteJ the morai, where the great god Ooröo refides,nbsp;reprefented by an ugly piece of wood ; faw there feveral altars andnbsp;Ikulls of men who had been facrificed, One of the altars was forty-five feet long, fupported on pillars of the bread-fruit tree about fevennbsp;feet high; the other about twelve feet fquare, and on the top annbsp;arched fhed like the tilt of a waggon ; here the wooden god wasnbsp;laid. One fkull we obferved fplit acrofs, and in the midft of thenbsp;morai a fait pool wdth a young turtle,—^Oh ! when fliall all thefenbsp;horrid feenes be clofed, and Chrift alone be exalted ?

25th. Service as ufual. The natives are very fond of being drefled j we have lent clothes to feveral, which at night they honeftly returned ;nbsp;but they have committed fome petty thefts, and we hardly knownbsp;what to do with them ; we aredoth to punifh them, yet impunitynbsp;.emboldens them in depredation.

A native coming into our apartments, a brother took occafion to fpeak to him about God. He owned the Otaheitean gods were enow,nbsp;bad, for they ate men, hogs, bread-fruit, amp;c. which the Pretanenbsp;God did not, and was “ a good fellow,” an Englilh term he hadnbsp;picked up. He obferved alfo, that when we fpoke to the Pretanenbsp;god the good rain comes, and when we do not the good rain goesnbsp;away, and the hot fun fliines ; a heavy rain having fallen on twonbsp;fucceffive fabbaths.

26th. A great quantity of bread-fruit was brought to-day to make mahie, as the time approaches when ripe fruit will be fcarce in thenbsp;diftridt for two months. It is truly wonderful to fee how Providencenbsp;has furnilhed this place: as foon as the bread-fruit fails in thisnbsp;diftridl it is ripe in another, fo that we never want. Cocoa-nuts andnbsp;plantain we have all the year round ; as the evee apples get ripe on

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one tree, young ones come on in another. Few trees ever lofe their leaves, and are only deftitute of fruit for about two months.

27th. A prefent came from Pomarre for the two brethren who work at the forge; a pair of good canoes, feven lobflers, a numbernbsp;of fine fhells, feven or eight couple of fowls, two large hogs, withnbsp;a quantity of Otaheitean cloth ; and a meflage to come to him fornbsp;more whenever they wanted.

28th. A looking-glafs was ftolen by a female native from the women’s apartment ; we refolved to expel the man and his wife tillnbsp;it was reftored. Held our monthly meeting before the communionnbsp;in great union of heart.

29th. Had a neft of fix young rabbits ; if they profper, the hills will foon breed them in abundance. Met before the communion ;nbsp;happy unanimity prevailing among us, and unreftrained freedom ofnbsp;communication. Paid a vifit to Oparre ; moft hofpitably entertainednbsp;by Mawröa : he appears a Heady friend. About half the beautifulnbsp;valley in which he lives belongs to him ; went with him a-fifliingnbsp;with a fmall feine ; caught plenty of falmon-trout.

30th. Preparing letters for the return of the veflel, and our ufual employments.

July ift. Otoo fent a meffage, defiring us to difcharge certain per-fons from the houfe, whom he defcribed as great thieves ; at the fame time he nominated others, whom he wifhed to recommend tonbsp;us in the capacity of fervants. Thefe the brethren knew to be thenbsp;creatures of Otoo, or, more properly, a part of his mifehievous gang,nbsp;and faw clearly and without unjuft fufpicion, that he wanted themnbsp;in for no other purpofe than to fteal with the greater facility ; therefore his motion was rejedled. Though it was true many thingsnbsp;had been ftolen, yet we did not think the fervants guilty : but Otoo’snbsp;having his own men conftantly going about the diftrióts ftealing fromnbsp;the poor natives whatever they fee, fufficiently charaóterizes them,nbsp;and would deter our people from keeping any of them about thenbsp;houfe.

5th. A grand aflembly of arreoies vifited Pj^eteah, and began their fports on the other fide of the river ; many came over the river, andnbsp;heard brother Cover, forming, as ufual, a half-circle before him.nbsp;' 6th. A great fhout of the natives this morning, “ Te pähee,nbsp;“ Te pähee,” brought us out of our houfe, and to our great joy thenbsp;white fails flione before us ; went many of us on board, and rejoicednbsp;with the captain in the perfedt health and fafety of all the crew.

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS,

CHAPTER XIII.

PranfaSlions during our Stay at Otaheite, and Survey to afcertain the Population of the If and.

The tranfaólions of this fécond vifit will defcrve a diftinól confi-deration. The joy of meeting was great, but the flay of the fliip being no longer neceffary, a fpeedy departure was announced, andnbsp;every preparation begun : among thefe was the difcharge of the remaining cargo, and thofe treafures of iron and Heel that were to benbsp;now finally divided between the miflionaries at the Friendly andnbsp;Society Iflands. Accordingly, on the 6th of July, Mr. Harris beingnbsp;landed with his property, in the evening the captain went on fliore ;nbsp;when a meeting was held, where the public journal was read, andnbsp;various matters were difcuffed concerning the proceedings of the fo-ciety, and hew they Ihould divide the things in the fhip betweennbsp;them and the party at Tongataboo -, when it was agreed to clioofenbsp;two brethren to ad in their behalf, and two for themfelves, undernbsp;the infpedion of the captain.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*

7th. This morning the four miflionaries appointed to divide the goods began their work ; the captain fuperintended, and Mr. Jef-ferfon aded as fecretary, taking an account of the various articlesnbsp;which each party received. This bu fin cfs, It Was forefeen, wouldnbsp;coft: much time and trouble ; but as no other method could be devifednbsp;of giving all parties fatisfadion, the captain promifed to ftay till thenbsp;firft of Auguft, which would àlfo give the brethren time to finiflinbsp;their letters. The captain obferves with pleafure, that the two brethren appointed to reprefent their brethren at Tongataboo were mollnbsp;attentive to their intcreft, and rather a larger Ihare was allotted themnbsp;than if two of themfelves had been prefent.

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An invitation was fent to the wives of the miflionaries, who,, agreeably thereto, dined and fpent the day on board : they cxprcffcdnbsp;much pleafure on finding us all in good health and fpirits, and leftnbsp;us in the evening highly delighted with their vifit. As for the natives,nbsp;they crowded on board, few coming empty-handed : many of themnbsp;were in the Englifh drefles which had been given them by the brethren ; and feveral of them fpoke many phrafes of broken Englilh,nbsp;fuch as, “ Welcome again; Glad to fee you, Captain Wilfon.”

8th. Iddeah fent a meflenger this morning to know if fhe might come to our houfe. On confultation, we agreed that brother Covernbsp;fhould go and fpeak with her ; and that if Ihe exprelfed any concernnbsp;for her cruelty to her infant, and afiTured us fhe would no more offend us with fuch condudl, we fhould be glad to receive her. In thisnbsp;fhe acquiefeed, though we have no great profpedl of a change : fhenbsp;came, however, under fuch profeffions, and drank tea with Mrs-Cover ; and continuing with us till dark, returned much pleafed withnbsp;her reception.

9th. To-day being Sunday, not one canoe was feen off in the bay, and the whole diftridt appeared remarkably quiet. Mr. Cover andnbsp;Lewis came on board to adl as chaplains for the day : the formernbsp;preached in the forenoon from the fécond epiftle of Peter, chap. iii.nbsp;ver. 18.’; the latter in the afternoon from Philippians, chap. i. ver. 28.

lOth. Andrew the Swede came from Eimëo, and prefented the captain with a fine turtle. Mawröa, a kind friend to us and thenbsp;miffionaries, brought a hog and a great quantity of bread-fruit ; hisnbsp;wife, named Aowh, was with him; fhe was formerly the wife ofnbsp;Motuara, chief of Eimëo, is the real fifter of Pomärre, and mothernbsp;of Tetua the prefent queen, Otoo’s wife ; flie is a very intelligentnbsp;woman, and Mawröa himfelf is better acquainted with the iflandsnbsp;than any man we have converfed with. Aowh informed us, thatnbsp;in the family of which fhe was a branch, the reigning prince hadnbsp;been called Otoo ; which name paffed to their firft-born, whether malenbsp;or female, the inflant it was born ; the cullom obliging the father ever

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after to take fome other name. I mentioned before, that the grandfather of the prefent Otoo changed his to Otëy, his father to that of Teina, and next to that of Pomärre, and fo on ; for having loft theirnbsp;royalty by the birth of their child, they may change their names asnbsp;oft as they pleafe, but cannot before. Otëy was the father of Pomärre, Oreepiah (lately deceafed), Pytouah, chief of Wapiawno,nbsp;and Aowh. Pytouah is an arreoie of the firft rank, has a rough,nbsp;difgufting look, and is much addicted to ava drinking ; he was amongftnbsp;our vifttors of this day, and received a prefent : they were exceedinglynbsp;glad to fee us, and expreffed much attachment.

It has already been noticed, that fome of the brethren had made a tour of the ifland, and fuppofed the number of inhabitants on bothnbsp;peninfulas to be about fifty thoufand : this fum, though lefs than anbsp;quarter of what Captain Cook calculated them at, was ftill thoughtnbsp;by us as greatly exceeding the population. Therefore Captain Wilfonnbsp;agreed with Peter to accompany me in a circuit of the ifland, and tonbsp;try fome method of eftimating the number of people in each diftriCt.nbsp;On Tuefday the i ith we accordingly fet off, having firft engaged anbsp;man to convey us acrofs the numerous rivulets which we muft necef-farily pafs, and two others to carry my linen and what thingsnbsp;Peter wanted. It was about noon when we landed near One Tree hill,nbsp;and began the journey eaftward through the interior of hïatavai,nbsp;where the land is far from being clear of underwood ; for the beftnbsp;roads are unpleafant by reafón of the long grafs, which bears a burnbsp;called by the natives peeree-peeree, and adhering to the flockingsnbsp;becomes painful : the flies were alfo very troublefome. The breadfruit and cocoa-nut trees abounded in perfection, and afforded an excellent fhade from the heat of the fun. In this diftriCt there are alfonbsp;the wild cotton trees, fome of which were in bloom, but being of anbsp;very inferior kind made no luxuriant fhew j fome fpots were plantednbsp;with ava and fugar-cane,, and in fome places the latter was growirjgnbsp;wild.

The river of Matavai receives its fupplies from the lofty moun-

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tains which hereabouts form the interior of the ifland ; then running a winding courfe down the valley, and through the low grounds ofnbsp;the cliflridt, paffes clofe by the miffionary houfe, and difembogues atnbsp;the extremity of Point Venus. At the entrance from the fea it isnbsp;fo fhallow, that no veffcl drawing above two or three feet water cannbsp;enter it ; nor can they proceed farther up than a quarter of a mile.nbsp;When- we came to its banks, Peter lhewed me the fpot where henbsp;difplayed his firft feats in their wars, and which ultimately ended fonbsp;much in favour of Pomärre and his fon Otoo. I defired him tonbsp;give me fome account of them. He immediately complied ; butnbsp;•dwelt fo much upon his own performances, as rendered it difficultnbsp;for me to feparate the efientials of the fiory from his frivolousnbsp;boafiing.

The firfi: war, he faid, happened in 1793, when he had been but five months upon the ifland. It feems, that a chief named Whannonbsp;had fucceeded in wrefting the dillricl of Whapiäwno from Pytouah ;nbsp;and confeious that by this ufurpation he would offend Pomärre,nbsp;he prepared to attack him firff, but did not conduól his, plansnbsp;with fo much fecrecy as to prevent his defigns coming to the knowledge of Pomärre. The latter, though not a warlike chief, preparednbsp;to oppofe Whanno with all his ftrength. Peter and Andrew werenbsp;engaged, with the Jew, who was a good markfman. Whanno hadnbsp;to affift him al mold every chief on the north-eaft fide of the largenbsp;peninfula. When all was ready, the latter chief fent word to Pomärre of what he intended j and a day or two after entered Mataväinbsp;with all his men. Iddeah was at that time on fome bufinefs at thenbsp;eaftern part of the diftriót, and nearly fell into their hands j theynbsp;chafed her to the river, where Pomärre’s party flood ready to receivenbsp;them. Iddeah got fafe over, and placed herfelf in the front of thenbsp;men j when one of the enemy, bolder than the reft, ran acrofs thenbsp;fl^ream, and aimed a ftroke at her j and would, but for Peter, who floodnbsp;clofe by, have effèéled her death : he running to her aid, and feeingnbsp;the inan lift his club, wrefted it out of his hands, chafed him back

through the river ; and more of the party coming up, the man was killed. The body of Whanno’s troops had retired a little back j butnbsp;one flculking behind a tree was fhot. This threw all the reft ofnbsp;Whanno’s men into a panic ; they precipitately fled, and in greatnbsp;confufion : two more were Hain in the chafe,, from which Po-märre returned victor. This fecured to him the diftridls of Matavai,nbsp;Opärre, and Tettaha, all he feems then to have been poflefîèd of.nbsp;Five or, fix days after this he muftered his men, now flu filed withnbsp;fuccefs, and proceeded to Whapiäwno. Whanno and his men werenbsp;afraid ; a running fight took place, one woman was killed, but thenbsp;warriors fled to the mountains. However, in three days they camenbsp;down and renewed the combat, and were now feverely beaten, nonbsp;lefs than twenty-five of their number being flain; which, confidering.nbsp;their fhynefs to clofe in battle fince the introduélion of a few mufkets,nbsp;was certainly a great number. This vidlory entirely cru lb cd Whanno,.nbsp;and by it all the northern fide of the peninfula, from Matavai to thenbsp;ifthmus, became fubjedl to Pomarre and his fon Otoo. Still theynbsp;had powerful enemies who were meditating a grand attack uponnbsp;them J thefe were Wyheatua, king of Tiaraboa, and Temärre, chiefnbsp;over all the diftridts on the fouth fide from the ifthmus down tonbsp;Attahooroo: over the latter diftridl was young Towha, who wilhed tonbsp;remain neuter, but was forced by Pomarre to join his party, though,nbsp;he was more inclined to favour Temärre, and was afterwards chargednbsp;with having fecretly concerted matters fo as to gain him the battle..nbsp;Temärre encouraged his men by telling them that he had mulkets,nbsp;powder, ball, and white men, as well as his adverfary ; and thatnbsp;themfelves were more nurrierous than Otoo’s party. The whites henbsp;had were Connor, an Irifhman, and James Butcher, a Scotchman,,nbsp;both of the Matilda’s crew. Accordingly, about a month after thenbsp;battle of Whapiäwno, thefe powerful adverfaries met in the diftridlnbsp;of Attahooroo ; but being afraid of each other in no fmall degree, thenbsp;firft day was fpent and nothing done. In all their movements theynbsp;furrounded the white men^ trufting more in them than ever an Afiatic:

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did in his elephant. On the fécond day the onfet began j but in a fliort time Tow ha’s men, who were in front, ran away, and allnbsp;Pomärre’s followed their example ; which was afterwards charged onnbsp;Towha, as his preconcerted fcheme : Petef, Andrew, and the Jew,nbsp;however, Rood their ground, and fiiot four men. Butcher andnbsp;Connor were obliged to run for their lives, and Oammo, the fathernbsp;of Temärre, was killed by a mufket fliot. Thefe advantages broughtnbsp;their party back to affift them ; all their adverfaries fled, and a complete vidlory was gained for Pomarre, whom they found at a greatnbsp;diflance from the fight, quite overcome with fear, and lying flat onnbsp;the ground, held faft by the roots of a tree. When they acquaintednbsp;him with their fuccefs he would hardly believe it, but continued tonbsp;lie like one out of his fenfes : fo little courage did this chief of thenbsp;vidtorious army poflefs. The routed party fled to the remoter diftridls ;nbsp;fome took refuge in the hills ; one man in particular got up a verynbsp;dangerous precipice, and threw large- ftones on his enemies below,nbsp;and kept his ftation till he knew their rage had fubfided. The con-fequence of this battle was, that Temärre became fubjedt to thenbsp;vidlors ; was obliged to give to Otoo the great morai at Papparä : alfonbsp;every other privilege of the fupreme chief. A houfe was built bynbsp;Otoo in all his diftridls, where fome of his fervants conftantly refide,nbsp;and he occafionally vifits : they reprefent his fovereignty, and nonenbsp;dare to pafs them without ftripping, the fame as to himfelf. However, notwithftanding thefe things, the power of Temärre was ftillnbsp;very great ; he was left in polTeflion of all his diftridls, and exercifesnbsp;the office of chief priefl of the Eatöoa on that fide of the ifland.

Towha being charged with treachery, was ftripped of his diftridl, and obliged to live as a private man in Papparä. Wyheatua had flednbsp;to Tiaraboo, where in a fhort time after he was defeated, and reduced in a like manner as Towha to a private ftation, and Otoo’snbsp;younger brother made prince of his kingdom.

Pomarre • being now in pofleffion of all Otaheite, thought of re- ’ venging the injury the chief of Eiinëo had formerly done by deftroying

i8S

his canoes and the houfes of Mataväi. With this intent he fent his party againft that ifland, where his After Wyreede Aowh madenbsp;fome refiftance ; but feven of her men being killed, fire was obligednbsp;to acknowledge the conqueror, and take up her refidence in Ota-heite. In her ftead Iddeah and Männe Manne were made chiefs ofnbsp;the ifland.

Thus Pomärre (the Otoo of Captain Cook), on whom the favour of the Englifh had drawn many enemies, and who at diffèrent times was fo chafed and ftraitened by them, that, afraid of hisnbsp;life, he has frequently entreated his vifitors to take him offquot; the ifland,nbsp;had now, at a very good time, extended his power far beyond allnbsp;former example, and that without either courage or talents for warnbsp;comparable to his enemies j fo that I cannot but afcribe it to the providence of the Almighty, who ordereth all things after the counfelnbsp;of- his own will, and for the accompliftiment of his glory and gracious purpofes. In whatever way thefe events are viewed, they certainly are much in favour of the miffion j for it is clear, that thofenbsp;employed in it can proceed in their work with greater fafety thannbsp;when the natives were continually engaged in war.

Leaving Mataväi river we came to the eaftern part of the diftriä of Mataväi, called Teahonoo, over which Wyreede Aowh prefides.nbsp;She and her fécond hulband, Mawröa, were at Opärre, where theynbsp;alfo have a dwelling. Their houfe in this place is exceedingly neatnbsp;and clean -, before it is a platform of gravel ftones carefully levellednbsp;and fmooth, and at the front of this a regular row of cocoa-nutnbsp;trees -, and by the fide of the houfe a fine rivulet of frefli water runsnbsp;from the hills. The low land hereabouts is not more than a hundrednbsp;yards wide. Her fervants were bufy preparing a brown dye fromnbsp;the bark of a tree called mohoo, which they broke fmall into a bowlnbsp;of water, and letting it lie till foftened, they bruifed it till the liquidnbsp;became of the colour they wanted. We next afcended a highnbsp;hill called Tappahey, which runs into the fea, and feparates Ma-

B B

[1797’

tavâi from Whyripoo. The zhill is included in the former diftridl, a great ftone on the eaft fide being fixed on for the boundary of each.

From Tappahey the fmall diftrid of Whyripoo extends near a mile, the Ihore ftraight, and the low ground about two hundrednbsp;yards wide ; it has alfo a valley of final! extent. We walked aboutnbsp;half way along it, and flopped for a while at the houfe of Innanbsp;Madüa, the widow of Oreepiah. She was abfent, but her headnbsp;fervant Ahcinc Eno received me kindly, and would have drefl'cdnbsp;fome fifia if I had proraifed to wait ; but wanting to go further, Inbsp;declined his offer. This man having a flirewd, intelligent countenance, I defired Peter to communicate to him the purpofe of ournbsp;journey, and to alk how many perfons he thought ufually refidednbsp;in Whyripoo j afiigning for our motive the wifh of the earees ofnbsp;Prëtane to render them fervice according to their numbers : when henbsp;inftantly fuggefted a mode, which I afterwards adopted. He faid,nbsp;that in Whyripoo there were four matteynas, and to each matteynanbsp;there were ten tees ; and by thefe he eflimated the number of men,nbsp;women, and children, to be about two hundred and fifty. I defirednbsp;him to explain what a matteyna was, and what was a tee. The former, he faid, was a principal houfe, diftinguilhed either by a degreenbsp;of rank in its ancient or prefent owner, or by a portion of land beingnbsp;attached to it ; and fometimes on account of its central fituation to anbsp;few other houfes : that the matteyna fets up a tee (or image) at thenbsp;morai, which entitles it to the liberty of worfhipping there; andnbsp;the other houfes in the department of the matteyna claim a part innbsp;the fame privilege, and are thence called tees : that in fome matteynasnbsp;there are eight or nine perfons in the family, in others but two ornbsp;three; and that it frequently happens, that a matteyna*or a tee isnbsp;totally deferted. Therefore, from this account, and what I afterwards faw of the thin population, I allow but fix perfons to eachnbsp;matteyna, and the fame to a tee, as the latter is often occupied by anbsp;larger family than the former, and as both terms do fometimes apply

July.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;187

to the fame houfe ; confequently, as often as this occurs, there will be an error of fix in excefs.

According to the above, the number in

Whyripoo is — nbsp;nbsp;— Mat. 4x6= 24

Tees 40 X 6 = 240

264 fouls.

Ahëine Eno, the name this man at prefent went by, means a bad woman j it feems that his miftrefs Inna Madüa was a characternbsp;of this kind, and had got this name from the natives ; but not likingnbsp;it, transferred the name (though not the odium) to her fervant. Thisnbsp;diftrióh did belong to Whapiawno, but was lately prefented by Py-touah to his brother’s widow.

The next projeóling hill which obftrudled our paflage is called Row-row-apare j it divides Whyripoo from Whapiäwno : we paflednbsp;it by the fca up to the ancles in water, and then had to walk roundnbsp;a bay about a quarter of a mile wide, when we came to a fine bordernbsp;of low land, which at this part, being the weft entrance of the dif-tridl, is about a furlong and a half wide, in length coaftwife a milenbsp;and a half, and at the eaft part not quite a furlong wide ; thence to .nbsp;the eaft end of the diftriól the hills run clofe to the fea, and the roadnbsp;lies over rugged ftiarp rocks. There is a fine valley which opensnbsp;about a mile eaft of Row-row-apare, abounds with fruit-trees a con-fiderable way up, and is inhabited. This is the only valley thatnbsp;runs quite acrofs the ifland j on the oppofite fide it opens into Pap-para, a little weft of the great moral.

Pytouah refides at the weft part of the low land ; and as it was too late for me to reach another diftriót, I propofed ftaying here fornbsp;the night. Both himfelf and his wife I knew were at the /hip, butnbsp;his head man, or overfeer, very readily drefled a pig ; and after wenbsp;had dined I took a walk through the diftriót, and Peter with me.nbsp;The houfes here were all neat and well built, and there was breads

B B 2

[1797-fruit in abundance. ’ We flopped at one place where three hoiifcs flood, and inquired of the owner, how many matteynas were in thenbsp;diflridtj to anfwer this he took fome fmall rods, and naming eachnbsp;matteyna as he counted them into Peter’s hand, made the wholenbsp;number thirty-two, including Whyripoo, for which he counted thenbsp;fame as I had got before ; therefore, deduóting four, the number isnbsp;twenty-eight. In fome, he faid, were ten tees, in others nine,nbsp;eight, and feven; and made the fame obfervations on their beingnbsp;peopled as Ahëine Eno had done ; therefore, as I could not get thenbsp;tees exadlly, I counted as under: viz.

thofe of the valley included, men, women, and children.

Before we got back to Pytouah’s houfe it was dark, and they had all gone to refl but one man, who fhewed me to a new houfe, where,nbsp;for want of bed or bed-clothes, I flept on the ground, and fpent thenbsp;night very uncomfortably ; and might* have fpent it worfe, had notnbsp;Peter, towards morning, lent me a blanket, which he had brought asnbsp;a neceflary article in travelling round Otaheite.

rath. At daybreak we proceeded on our journey, and pafling feveral good houfes, came to the river, which is here three feet deep.nbsp;My man Charles took me on his fhoulders, and carried menbsp;through with great eafe. When we had gone a little farther we camenbsp;to a very bad road, having to walk over the flones fallen from thenbsp;rocky cliffs w’hich projcéf here. One place was very dangerous ; itnbsp;is called Oratatahah. We had to afcend the cliff half way, and pafsnbsp;along a narrow path where was hardly room to fix the feet. Thenbsp;rock is quite perpendicular; and, had we fallen, it was near twentynbsp;fathoms above the fea, which beat violently againfl the bafe. Herenbsp;it is faid Pomarre once fell, but the tide being up at the time, whennbsp;he found he was going, he threw himfelf well off, and received but

4

July.]

little harm. When we had fafely palTed this fpot, we fat down on the rocks to breakfaft on the remains of Pytouah’s pig ; for it is thenbsp;cuftom here, that whatever their hofpitality provides for ft rangers,nbsp;the fragments of it are always brought away. About nine o’clocknbsp;we came to a fteep rock which terminates Whapiäwno, and formsnbsp;the weft point of a fmall bay. The eaftern point is called Owhoona.nbsp;Betwixt the two is a fmall diftridt called Wharoo-my, over whichnbsp;Wyreede Aowh prefides ; it has a valley running up a little diftance ;nbsp;it has but one matteyna and nine tees, equal to fixty perfons. Anbsp;little further eaft is another fmall diftridt belonging to Männe Manne,nbsp;called He-wow ; it has two matteynas ; in one there are feven tees, innbsp;the other four, which makes the number of inhabitants feventy-eight.nbsp;Männe Manne, who has feveral of thefe eftates, was at Eimco, andnbsp;the care of the place was in the hands of Teboota, his head man,nbsp;who was at this time carrying on the building of a large houfe fornbsp;the old prieft. Teboota prefuming on his mafter being tayo to thenbsp;captain, infifted on my ftaying to refrefti at his houfe, and immediately began drefling a couple of fowls and a young pig. In thenbsp;interim the people ran from every quarter of the diftridl, in order tonbsp;gratify their curiofity j yet when they had all got together and fatnbsp;down, I could count no more than thirty-five, which is certainly nonbsp;fign of extraordinary population. After receiving a good dinner fromnbsp;Teboota, and much kind treatment, my followers packed up thenbsp;fragments, and I paid our generous hoft with a draft on the captainnbsp;for a pair of fciflars ; and as they have no doubt of the fpecified valuenbsp;of the paper, and have learnt how to negotiate the notes, he feemednbsp;quite rich. What a commencement of civilization !

We next came to the fmall diftridl of Hahbawboonea, and pafting a hill called Oteteawno, reached another almoft equally fmall, namednbsp;Honoowhyah. In the former are one matteyna and eight tees, equalnbsp;to fifty-four perfons. The latter has three matteynas, containing innbsp;all twenty-eight tees, and one hundred and eighty-fix inhabitants.

The ftiore along thefe two diftridls is a fandy beach, and bending a

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«

little inward makes a curve. The low land on which the houfes are built forms in each place a kind of triangle, the interior corner ofnbsp;each being joined to a valley, formed by ftccp hills on each fide,nbsp;which are covered with trees to their fummits, and running in anbsp;winding direétion : they afford a view remarkably wild and romantic.nbsp;Rivulets of excellent water run through both diftridts, which, not-withftanding, hardly deferve to be mentioned for fertility.

Otoo has one of his regal houfes in Honoowhyah, and, in pafling it, my company was obliged to flrip. Nearly oppofite is a fmallnbsp;rock, a little way advanced into the fea, facred to the feet of Otoo jnbsp;for none befides dares to ftand upon it ; and I think he deferves tonbsp;ftand the ftatue of Folly, if eVer he raifes his own living image there.nbsp;In walking along, about forty people came with great eagernefs tonbsp;gaze i had the place been populous, I think more would have come.

Rounding another hill, we came to the diftridl of Nahnu Nahnoo : it belongs to Pomarre, and is much like thofe I had lately palled innbsp;appearance and population ; it has three matteynas and eighteen tees,nbsp;which makes the number of inhabitants one hundred and twenty-fix.

The next dividing hill is called Peepe-pee ; wc walked round it over fharp rocks, which are a kind of bafaltes. A little further callward there is a gentle Hope from the hills towards the beach, andnbsp;upon this Hope are many cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees, but nonbsp;houfe or inhabitant. After palling this we came to the dilfridb ofnbsp;Otyayree ; in the middle of it the low land is about a furlong wide,nbsp;narrowing towards the extremes. The Ihore is aflat rock; the coaftnbsp;bending out and in. I flopped at a chief’s houfe ; his name is Noenbsp;Noe; and had the following account: namely, two matteynas andnbsp;twenty-two tees, equal to one hundred and forty-four inhabitants.nbsp;This chief had a double canoe jufl finilhed ; it was the largefl I hadnbsp;feen, meafuring in length fifty-eight feet, exclu five of a long boardnbsp;which runs over the fore part ; the flern was twelve feet high, thoughnbsp;a-midfhips only three feet and a half. The two were faflened together in the ufual method by rafters, upon which a platform was

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

made, where a houfe was intended to be placed for the principal per-fons to fit or fleep in ; and this I fuppofe is one of the larger war canoes, though not fuited for expert manoeuvres.

. Having done my bufinefs here, I intended to have gone a few miles farther, but had not proceeded many yards when I met Poppo, the tayonbsp;of Dr. Gillham, who entreated me to ïlay all night at his houfe ;nbsp;which offer I accepted, being rather fatigued with travelling overnbsp;bad roads all the day. Poppo was very afliduous to entertain me well.nbsp;A pig was inftantly killed, and a comfortable bed prepared. Herenbsp;about forty people colleéled. The fupper, which was very good,nbsp;was ferved up with fait water. Before I went to reft I made mynbsp;kind hoft and his wife each a fmall prefent, and in return they gavenbsp;me the cloth w’hich compofed my bed, and alfo an upper garment.

13th. At daylight we renewed our journey. Poppo accompanied us to the end of the diftridt, which is at a hill called Annaboo : from hence I firft got a fight of Tiaraboo, but ftill at a confiderablenbsp;diftance from it. The diftridl we were now come to is called Wah-aw-heinah. The low land is here about a quarter of a mile broad,nbsp;and the fame in length ; behind are lofty hills, forming two valleys,nbsp;whence run large rivulets of water, which, after 'interfedling thenbsp;low ground in feveral places, unite near the fea, and form a deep andnbsp;rapid ftream. In fording it my man Charles was up to the middle,nbsp;fo that in rainy weather it muft be impraticable to crofs at all.nbsp;The coaft along the diftrit bends in ; the beach is black coral fand,nbsp;and on it the fea broke violently.

We ftopped at a houfe as large as that of the miftionaries, where were feveral natives, but none poflcfled the intelligence we wanted;nbsp;therefore one was difpatched to bring a proper perfon, who informednbsp;us that in the diftrit were four chiefs, of whom Roorah was principal ; each is over a matteyna ; two of thefe matteynas have elevennbsp;tees each, one fifteen, and one fixteen ; the number of people is accordingly three hundred and forty-two.

192 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

Proceeding thence, the next hill (or cliff) we came to is called Boo-te-awmoo, which divides the latter difiridt from Hedeah, which laft runs quite to the ifthmus. Off this place where we now were, andnbsp;diftant about a mile from the fliore, there lie two fmall iflets ; thenbsp;wefternmoft is called Booroo, the other Wharre-arra-roo. From thefenbsp;Charles informed me that a reef runs quite down to Mataväi : it liesnbsp;about two miles off fhore, and has in fome places only four and fivenbsp;fathoms water upon it.

Turning the point of Boo-te-awmoo, the land bends fouthward towards the ifthmus. When we had got a little way we flopped at Peter’s friend’s houfe ; he was by trade a fiflierman, who fuppliednbsp;his neighbours with fifh, and received from them canoes, hogs,nbsp;fruit, roots, and cloth. He had been on the reefs, and came innbsp;while we ffaid with fome lobffers and mullet, of which he gave us anbsp;part, and I paid him with a pair of fciffars. At this houfe werenbsp;about twenty perfons colledled, including the family. We left thisnbsp;place ; and as I walked along the difiridl, I obferved more weedsnbsp;and underwood than in any part of the road which I had paffed :nbsp;fome places of confiderable length had nothing but long overgrownnbsp;grafs, which obftrudled all paffage but by the fea-fide. The houfesnbsp;were thinly fcattered, and as thinly inhabited ; in mofl of them theynbsp;were building canoes, but none of a large kind. They all had ironnbsp;tools ; the hatchets were taken off the helves, and fixed as adzes.nbsp;I inquired for a ßone hatchet^ which will foon be a curiofity to them-felves i but they had none : alfo how long it took them to build anbsp;canoe with iron tools ; they anfwered, about one moon. I then alkednbsp;them how long they formerly were in doing it with their flonenbsp;hatchets : at this they laughed heartily, and counted ten moons.nbsp;When we had reached nearly oppofite to Bougainville’s harbour, thenbsp;natives diredcd us to a chief’s houfe, where we found Inna Madûa,nbsp;who, fince the death of her hulband, is chief over all Hedeah ;nbsp;though this was not her dwelling-houfe, fhe neverthelefs affumed thenbsp;command, and ordered a dinner inftantly to be drcffed. In the

interim the old chief gave us the name of every matteyna in the diftridl, from Boo-te-awmoo to the ifthmus, as follows;

1002

42 matteynas x by 6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;252

Men, women, and children nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*254

This may be thought but a fmall number for fo large a diftridf, cfpecially when the magnitude of Captain Cook’s and Lieutenantnbsp;Corner’s eftimations is confidered ; but according to the beft of mynbsp;judgment, after palling through it, and paying every attention, Inbsp;think even this fmall number exceeds the truth ; and furely it is nonbsp;argument in favour of great population, that at this houfe where Inbsp;got the account, no more than thirty people Ihould be colleóled atnbsp;any time while I ftaid, including Inna Madûa’s retinue, and thofenbsp;whom eager curiofity brought to fee me.

When w'e had dined, Peter informed me that it was too late to proceed, as he knew of no good lodging-houfe but at too great anbsp;diftance ; therefore we ftaid where we were for the night. My bednbsp;and Peter’s was laid at one end of the houfe. Inna Madûa prefentednbsp;me with more cloth for lheeting, and I gave her in return a pair ofnbsp;fciflars, a looking-glafs, and fome trifles I had purpofely brought to

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anfwer fuch occafions. In this houfe was an epitome of their general employments : at one end women were palling cloth together ; fomenbsp;men were making linnet and lines, while fome Hept, and others werenbsp;drinking ava : this laft they drink in an unfocial manner, by one,nbsp;two, or three at a time, and out of a fmall cocoa-nut flaell •nbsp;whereas at the Friendly Iflânds, one or two hundred form a ring,nbsp;and from a large bowl they fhare nearly all alike ; but it feems to benbsp;fo fcarce here, that none except the earees can be flaviflily addicted tonbsp;it. This evening I learnt that, befides the members of the arreoynbsp;fociety, it is the common praótice among all ranks to ftrangle infantsnbsp;the moment they are born. A perpetrator of this horrid aól wasnbsp;among thofe whom curiofity drew to vifit us : flic was a goodlooking woman, and efteemed by the natives a great beauty, which Inbsp;fuppofe to be the inducement that tempted her to murder her child ;nbsp;for ' here the number of women bearing no proportion to the men,nbsp;thofe efteemed handfome are courted with great gifts, and get fo accu flomed to change their hufbands, to go with them from place tonbsp;place, and run after the diverfions of the ifland, that rather than benbsp;debarred thefe pleafures, they Rifle a parent’s feelings,' and murdernbsp;their tender offspring. As no odium whatever is attached to thisnbsp;unnatural deed, many hundreds born into the world are never fufferednbsp;to Re the light. When either father or mother are difpofed to favenbsp;the child, they fometimes fucceed, but not always ; for if thenbsp;’^vornan fays fhe will not rear the child, the man in general fubmitsnbsp;to her will ; on the other hand, when fhe proves humane, and he isnbsp;Ready to his cruel purpofe, the infant is often faved, for fhe ordersnbsp;matters fo that fome ^neighbours fhall interpofe, and if the child isnbsp;not inftantly put to death, they dare not do it afterwards ; but thenbsp;moll infenfible become as fond of their children as any refined peoplenbsp;can be. I fhall only notice farther, that both parties do oftener make upnbsp;their minds to fave the male than the female, which partiality accountsnbsp;for the difproportion of the fexes, and is none of the leaft caufes of thenbsp;thin population j for the men that are not wealthy in cloth, hogs, or

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

Englifli articles, wherewith to purchafe a wife, muft gô without one J and this leads them to praélife the great crime of onanifm to annbsp;exceffive degree, and renders them unfit to cohabit with women ;nbsp;but all their vices of this nature are too fhocking to be related;nbsp;When the arreoies deftroy their children, they fay it js to retain thenbsp;privileges of their fociety ; but what excufe can thofe make who arenbsp;not of their number? It is faid of Gelon, king of Syracufe, thatnbsp;having conquered Carthage, he made it the chief article in the treatynbsp;of peace, that they fhould abolifh the cuffom of facrificing theirnbsp;children. And while humanity refleóls and fhudders at the be-haviöur of the Otaheiteans, one can hardly help indulging a'whh thatnbsp;either the fword of a Gelon, or rather the fpirit of the Prince ofnbsp;Peace, were applied to oblige them to relinquifli their abominable andnbsp;unnatural practices.

14th. About fix in the morning we arofe, packed up our things, and proceeded on our journey. Inna Madûa accompanied us to hernbsp;proper dwelling, which lies near a mile farther on. Here I thought Inbsp;got a fight of an European garden ; the plats of ava-ground were laidnbsp;out in fuch nice order : each bed formed regular parallelograms inbsp;trenched two feet deep, and difpofed with a great degree of tafte ; thenbsp;whole enclofed with a fence of bamboo. Her houfe, which wasnbsp;full one hundred feet long, flood on the fea fide of the garden. At thisnbsp;place we parted from her, and walked about two miles along an irregular coaft, where the low land in moft places is very narrow, and hardlynbsp;a bread-fruit or cocoa-nut tree to be feen. We then came to anothernbsp;dangerous cliff called Pah-rah-tou-tea. As we paffed along the fidenbsp;next the fea, the footing was extremely narrow, and the fight belownbsp;tremendous. Defcending the oppofite fide, a valley opens, runningnbsp;between lofty hills, with a triangular piece of low land near a fur»nbsp;long in length, and a river of confiderable depth and breadth. Clofenbsp;to the fea the paffage is narrow} there we forded, and afcended anbsp;fteep hill, from the fummit of which we had the choice of two roads jnbsp;the inner one was much out of our way, and by the outer we mufl

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defcend the cliffs ; however, thinking this no worfe than thofe wc had paffed already, we took the latter, but prefently came to a moftnbsp;alarming place, about fix yards wide, where there appeared neithernbsp;place for hands nor feet. Here I was at firft afraid, and had thoughtsnbsp;of going back; but with the help of the Otaheiteans, who are ufednbsp;to this work, I got along fafe. Obferving an old man had followed us from Inna Madüa’s houfe, Peter inquired what he wanted ;nbsp;he anfwered, that Inna’s mother had ordered him to follow, and if Inbsp;gave any thing away in the diftriéf, he was to feize it, and take itnbsp;to her.

When we had got within a fhort mile of the ifthmus, in pafling a lew houfes, an aged woman, mother to the young man who carriednbsp;my linen, met us, and, to exprefs her joy at feeing her fon, ffrucknbsp;herfelf feveral times on the head with a fhark’s tooth, till the bloodnbsp;flowed plentifully down her breaft and fhoulders, whilfl; the fonnbsp;beheld it with entire infenfibility. I was not aware of this aélion tonbsp;prevent it, but as fhe continued it without mercy on herfelf, I fpokenbsp;to them angrily, and obliged her to defift. The fon feeing that I wasnbsp;not pleafed with what was done, obferved coolly, that it was thenbsp;cuflom of Otaheite. When we had gone about a furlong farther wenbsp;put up for the night, at a houfe which lately belonged to a womannbsp;with whom Peter had lived, but fhe was now dead. She had beennbsp;wife to Richard Sinnet, one of the unfortunate mutineers, who wasnbsp;loft in the Pandora, and by him had two fine girls, who are nownbsp;about fix or feven years old ; they are of a fair mulatto complexion,nbsp;and very lively and talkative. Since the mother’s death Peter hasnbsp;taken care of them ; they were glad to fee him, and received each anbsp;fmall looking-glafs, as did alfo the woman of the houfe. When wenbsp;had refted a few minutes, Peter informed them that fince the funnbsp;was at fuch a height we had not eaten any thing : this being known,nbsp;it was impoffible to behold with indifference the joy which thofe kindnbsp;people expreffed on having an opportunity of entertaining me ; theynbsp;jnflantly dreffed a couple of fowls for my dinner, and a pig for the

4

July.],

Otaheiteans and Peter; for he pretended, that, being obliged to comply with fome of their cuftoms, he durft not eat in the houfe where I was. After enjoying a comfortable meal, as the cool of the eveningnbsp;by that time drew on, I got Peter, who, as well as myfelf, wasnbsp;rather tired with the day’s walk, to accompany me to the top of onenbsp;of the adjacent hills, on each fide of which ran a deep valley. Fromnbsp;the centre hills towards the fea, for a little diftance up, the hillsnbsp;abounded with cocoa-nuts and bread-fruit, and the more interiornbsp;parts with mountain plantain, tarro, and a variety of other things,nbsp;which they have recourfe to when the low land cannot fupply allnbsp;their wants. Alking Peter what reafons they gave for not cultivatingnbsp;more of thofe articles on the low ground, as it was evident they wouldnbsp;grow as well, or better, there, he faid it was on account of the havocnbsp;made by the arreoies, and thofe who accompany Otoo in his feaftingsnbsp;round the ifland ; at which times, though they only ftay two ornbsp;three days in a diftridl, they confume and wantonly deftroy all thenbsp;produce, and often the young plants, leaving nothing for the fettlednbsp;inhabitants of the place to fubfift on, but what they derive from thenbsp;mountains : on this account they fubmit to the trouble of climbingnbsp;almoft inacceffible places, rather than expofe much of the produce ofnbsp;their labour to thofe privileged robbers. From this hill we alfo had anbsp;view of the coral reefs which lie interfperfed along this coaft, fome ofnbsp;them a confiderable diftance off Ihore : there are feveral openings, andnbsp;probably anchorage within moft of them; but I apprehend thenbsp;ground mult be rocky, and bad for cables. Refpeóting the diftridlnbsp;itfelf, from Boo-te-awmoo to the place where I now was, clofe to thenbsp;ifthmus, it is little better thair a wildernefs of rank weeds and ufelefsnbsp;trees, and that even in places where the low land might be renderednbsp;moft fertile and valuable, though it no where exceeds two furlongs innbsp;width. In fome places where we were obliged to quit the fea-fide,nbsp;travelling became exceedingly fatiguing, on account of the longnbsp;grafs, weeds, marlhes, and numerous rivulets of water : in others thenbsp;lulls projedl into the fea, and form broken and dangerous precipices.

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fome of which I have noticed before. Bcfidcs this, it merits the name of a defolate diftriél, from the few houfes it contains, and its thin population. However, the place where I now was might be deemednbsp;an exception ; it is about a mile long, and a furlong wide ; and isnbsp;better furnilhed with houfes, inhabitants, and fruit-trees, than anyplace of equal fize in the diftridt.

When we returned to the houfe we found a fervant whom Pomärrc had fent to meet and condudl me to the place in Tiaraboo wherenbsp;himfelf and retinue were preparing for a great feaft ; but as this tooknbsp;me out of the way of my intended route, I fhould not have confentednbsp;to it, had not Peter frequently mentioned the precipices at the callnbsp;end of the ifland as impaflable by any but the natives ; who, thoughnbsp;even accuftomed to it, were frequently dalhed to pieces ; and that,nbsp;without running that rilk, the account I wanted could be equallynbsp;well got from the chiefs of the feveral diftridts, who would be withnbsp;Pomarre on the fouth fide of that peninfula. Therefore I agreed tonbsp;accompany the man acrofs the ifthmus next morning.

15th. At daybreak we rofe. Peter then alked me whether I durfi Heep in a houfe where there was a corpfe ; and Ihewed me the fkull ofnbsp;Richard Sinnet’s wife, wrapped in cloth, hanging to the roof of thenbsp;houfe. It feems that Ihe died at Eimëo, and was there put upon anbsp;tupapow till the body was dried ; the head was then cut off, andnbsp;brought to this place, where Ihe had poffeffed feveral acres of ground.

Departing from hence, we afcended a hill, moderately high on the Otaheite fide, and walked about a mile over a fine piece of land,nbsp;which Hopes gently from the middle clafs of hills to the ifthmus, andnbsp;is all along covered with a ftratum of rich brown mould, fitter fornbsp;the purpofes of agriculture than any fpot on the ifland : a few treesnbsp;are fcattered upon it ; but on large fpaces there is nothing but grafsnbsp;and fern. The ifthmus feemed covered with trees quite acrofs ; andnbsp;beyond it, on thq Tiaraboo fide, the land for three or four miles appeared exactly like that I was now upon, covered with fern, andnbsp;level at top, but broken, or rent as it were, into chafms or deep hoi-

July.]

lows, and rifing with a gradual afcent towards the lofty mountains which occupy the middle and eaftern divifions of Tiaraboo. At thenbsp;fouth fide of the ifthmus, where we defcended to crofs, a cove aboutnbsp;fixty yards wide, and of depth fufficient to admit a fhip, runs clofenbsp;up to the low neck : it would be an excellent place for a fhip to moornbsp;in, if a fafe paflage could be found between the large flakes of coralnbsp;which lie without it ; and I do not think this impoflible, though,nbsp;except commerce were brought thither, it would be unnecelfary.

Befides this cove, we crofl'cd two more fhallow ones, and then entered the firfl; diftridt of Tiaraboo, called Toa-howtow. Here thenbsp;low ground is fo marfhy, that at every ftep we funk almofl: knee-deep.nbsp;It is alfo covered with underwood, but abounding in bread-ffuit andnbsp;cocoa-nuts. Farther eaftward the ground is more dry and hard ; andnbsp;we fell in with a few houfes, where canoes were building, and thenbsp;women beating cloth ; they informed us that the diftridt containednbsp;one matteyna and thirteen tees, which make eighty-four inhabitants.nbsp;The next diftridt is Wyoo-roo ; the chief’s name Vee-vee Roo-rah :nbsp;it has fix matteynas, containing forty tees, which make two hundrednbsp;and feventy-fix inhabitants ; and with refped to the foil, fruits, amp;c.nbsp;is exaólly like Toa-howtow : the low land in both is fcarce a furlongnbsp;wide, and the coaft waving.

It now began raining hard, which obliged us to flop where was a chief who knew Peter. His canoe was hauled upon the beach,nbsp;and the little houfe taken off it for him and his wife to fleep in. Andnbsp;this is their common pradice j fo that wherever they land, if in anbsp;large canoe, they always have a houfe in readinefs. While we fatnbsp;under an adjoining fhed, and the chief and I were exchanging pre-fents, a boy picked my pocket, but, finding himfelf difeovered, henbsp;dropt the booty j however, the chief was fo enraged, that he immediately went in purfuit of the boy, and intended to punifh him feverelynbsp;if he caught him.

The rain fubfiding, we fet off again for Mattahwey, which was the next diftrid, and where Pomarre was with his retinue. On our

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way we were met by the young king, fon of Pomärre, and his betrothed wife, both carried upon men’s fhoulders ; be aflced for annbsp;axe, fciffars, amp;c. but I had none to fpare, therefore defired him tonbsp;go to the pahie (Ihip), and they fhould be given him. He alfo alkednbsp;Peter feveral queftions concerning the places and people he had feennbsp;on his voyage with us. At laft we reached the head-quarters, whichnbsp;were no more than a few canoe-houfes and temporary fheds, the beftnbsp;of which was occupied by Pomärre ; and to it I was conduófed. Asnbsp;for himfelf, they faid he was at a houfe farther on, bufied with hisnbsp;fervants in preparing cloth, but that a melfenger was gone to informnbsp;him of my arrival. Accordingly he came in a fhort time, ex-prefied much joy on feeing me, and faluted nofes ; he alfo inquirednbsp;for the captain, and molt on board. When I alked him his reafonsnbsp;for not going to Mataväi, he anfwered, that at prefent he could notnbsp;poffibly go, it being a very bufy time with him, having to colledlnbsp;canoes, cloth, hogs, amp;c. to give away among the different chiefs andnbsp;arreoies, who would attend him to the great feaft at Pappara, whichnbsp;was to take place in a few days, and for which all the ifiand wasnbsp;looking up to him. This excufe I had reafon to believe, for publicnbsp;care feemed engraven on his countenance. However, as he couldnbsp;not go himfelf, he had fent his prime minifter Iddeah j who, I toldnbsp;him, would not receive fo many things as if he had gone himfelf.nbsp;He faid, he did not mind the things fo much as the captain’s friend-Ihip.

I had defired Peter, that if a mawhoo came in our way, he fhould point him out ; and here there happened to be one in Pomärre’snbsp;train. He was dreffed like a woman, and mimicked the voice andnbsp;every peculiarity of the fex. I alked Pomärre what he was, whonbsp;anfwered, “ Taata, mawhoo,” that is, aman, amawhoo. As I fixednbsp;my eyes upon the fellow, he hid his face : this I at firfi: conflruednbsp;into fhame, but found it afterwards to be a womanifh trick.

Thefe mawhoos chufe this vile way of life when young : putting . on the drefs of a woman, they follow the fame employments, are

July.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

under the fame prohibitions with refpect to food, amp;c. and feek the courtfhip of men the fame as women do, nay, are more jealous ofnbsp;the men who cohabit with them, and .always refufe to fleep withnbsp;women. We are obliged here to draw a veil over other practices toonbsp;horrible to mention. Thefe mawhoos,. being only fix or eight innbsp;number, are kept by the principal chiefs. * So'depraved are,thefenbsp;poor heathens, that even their women do not defpife thofe fellows,nbsp;but form friendfhips with them. This ‘one was tayo to Iddeah.

And here we are furniflied with another impediment to population, and may alk how fuch a people can poflibly have a numerous progeny.

At this place moft of the chiefs of Tiaraboo were affembled ; their canoes were hauled upon the beach, and- before their huts vaft quantities of provifions were hung upon flakes driven into the ground ;nbsp;and more were arriving from the neighbouring diftridls : all whichnbsp;was perhaps no faint image of the ancient Hellcfpont and Greciannbsp;camp.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;....

From the different chiefs I got an account of Tiaraboo, as follows : •

Men, women, and children in Tiaraboo, 4008

All the eaft part of Tiaraboo confifts of high rugged mountains, which run to the fea-fide, and form deep cliffs that are extremelynbsp;dangerous to pafs : on this account the low land is narrow, and diftri-buted partially ; but from Ohaitapeha bay, on the north fide, andnbsp;from oppofite to it on the fouth fide, down towards the iff hmus, it runsnbsp;from half a furlong to a whole one in width, and where valleys are, itnbsp;is in confequence wider. There were not many cotton-trees to be feen,nbsp;and thofe few of no value : indeed, no part of this peninfula is comparable to the diftridls of Matavai, Oparre, and Attahooroo, in thenbsp;larger peninfula.

July.]

At night I fpread my bed in the fame houfe where Peter, Pomàrre, and feveral others lay ; but little reft could be had, as one or othernbsp;W'as talking all the night. Pomàrre aflced Peter many flirewd quef-tions concerning the places and things he had feen on the voyage,nbsp;and more particularly about the natives of Tongataboo, as the rednbsp;feathers, and various manufactures from thence, have given them anbsp;high idea of that people. Nothing grows on Otaheite but what theynbsp;mentioned, to know if they had the fame; and whether they hadnbsp;good land, good canoes, and fine women. They alfo inquired muchnbsp;about the Marquefas, and fpoke of the people there as being as farnbsp;inferior to themfelves in civilization as they really are to Europeans.nbsp;However, they appeared highly delighted with the relation Peter gavenbsp;them of thefe countries : but when he fpoke of the wonderful thingsnbsp;of Europe, they at firft exprefled furprife ; but not being able to formnbsp;conceptions of the things he related, their pleafure quickly flackened :nbsp;whereas the people of the Friendly Iflands and Marquefas are in almoftnbsp;all things fimilar to themfelves ; alike in perfon, manners, and drefs ;nbsp;are tattoued, have canoes, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, asnbsp;Well as they j and without thefe articles they admit of no country tonbsp;be really valuable, though they do not deny our fuperiority in everynbsp;thing elfe. At this time Pomàrre and his retinue particularly regrettednbsp;their want of fhips, and knowledge to conduCl them to foreign countries } and, addrefling himfelf to me, faid, in a tone of concern, thatnbsp;they were able to go no further than Ulietea or Huaheine ; and thatnbsp;at the rilk of being driven they knew not whither, to perifli : ' whereasnbsp;we could fail for many moons, and in the darkeft nights and ftrongeftnbsp;gales, and after all could come exaCMy to Otaheite. Thefe were thenbsp;very ideas he exprefled. In anfwer to which, I told him, that wcnbsp;once were in the fame predicament, and knew nothing ; but that goodnbsp;men brought the fpeaking paper into our country, and taught us tonbsp;underftand it, by means of which we learnt to know the true God,nbsp;to build and conduCl fhips, and to make axes, knives, fciflars, andnbsp;the various things which he faw we poflefled : alfo that lais tayo

D D 2

[1797-Captain Cook had told the earees of Prëtane, that neither the king of Otaheite nor his people underftood the fpeaking paper, nor how tonbsp;do thefe things; Therefore they had, out of real regard for him, fentnbsp;the good men at Matavai, to teach him, his children, and people, asnbsp;we ourfelves were taught ; that, as chief of the ifland and regent fornbsp;his fon, it behoved him to fend his children and the natives to attendnbsp;to their inftruótions ; for, if they negleded the prefent opportunity,nbsp;no more good men would come to them, but they would remain innbsp;ignorance for ever.

I believe he paid as much attention to this as lay in his power, and faid it was my ty (good), and fo went to deep.

16th. In the morning it rained very hard, which confined us to our quarters till nine o’clock, when the chief and all his fervants fetnbsp;off to work at the cloth j and as I intended to reft all this day, I followed foon after, and found them bufied on large pieces of cloth, aboutnbsp;thirty yards long, and four broad ; they had them ftretched along thenbsp;ground, and doubling each, by laying others upon them, cementednbsp;them with a pafte, Pomärre was as bufy as any. Here I faw thenbsp;mawhoo alfo, who wrought with equal dexterity as the women.

At a proper time of day a fine roaft pig was brought for dinner, part of which was given me, the reft went to the chief j but I ob-ferved thofe around him took fo large a ftiare, that himfelf made butnbsp;a fcanty dinner : and this may be the reafon why his head mannbsp;brought victuals in the dark, on the two nights I ftaid there. It feemednbsp;that the hogs were not plentiful here, or they were keeping them tillnbsp;the feaft.

17th. I rofe to take leave of Pomärre, and informed him of my intention to return to the fliip by the fouth fide of Otaheite nooe,nbsp;and would therefore thank him for the ufe of a canoe. He immediately ordered one of the beft fingle ones, which Peter was to keepnbsp;after our arrival at Matavai : he alfo put in it two large hogs, andnbsp;fent a man to Wyëre (the firft diftridf we Ihould land at) to preparenbsp;another. I had given him a pair of fciflars and what I could fpare :

July.]

and now he begged a piece of cloth, which the chief gave me where we flopped on account of the rain ; having got it, he cafl his eyenbsp;on what I ufed as a bed, as if defirous of that alfo ; but obfervingnbsp;his difpofition began to work, I bad him farewell, not without feelingnbsp;on the occalion. He was much aftcótcd, and faid, if poflible henbsp;would come and fee the captain, and defired me to fpeak a good wordnbsp;for Iddeah, that fhe might receive opys (axes), paouties (fciflars), amp;c.

Leaving this place we paddled to the weflward, and having a flrong current in our favour were foon paft the ifthmus, and landednbsp;in the firft diflridt, called Wyêre, over which Maahehanoo (a woman)nbsp;prefides as chief: to her the fon of Towha is betrothed : they arenbsp;both young, perhaps fifteen years old ; he has the mofl lively, piercingnbsp;countenance of any youth I faw.

A perfon named Tootahah, who is alfo defeended from the earces, lived here as guardian to Towha and Maahehanoo ; he feemed wellnbsp;acquainted with many of our cuftoms, and could fpeak feveral Engliihnbsp;words. Previous to bringing a young hog which they had prepared for dinner, Tootahah drove four flakes in the ground, andnbsp;making a table of boards upon them, he fpread a piece of cleannbsp;cloth, placed an Englifli plate before me, and tried to apologizenbsp;for not having a knife and fork, and fuch things as he knew we hadnbsp;on board. Thus, for the firfl time, I dined in fly le among them.nbsp;After dinner they put a pig into the canoe, agreeably to the order ofnbsp;Pomärre, and made fome other prefents, which I repaid as well asnbsp;I could, and left them.

This is a very good diflridf ; the low land is of various breadths, as twenty yards, a furlong, and in fome places half a mile. Nextnbsp;to it are hills moderately high, forming valleys of fmall extent j andnbsp;beyond are the lofty craggy mountains, which are covered withnbsp;trees to the fummit. The diflriól weflward of this is called Wyoo-rëede, and anfwers the fame defcription : the hill which feparatesnbsp;them is called Rooamo, where the land bends in j and a little furthernbsp;a point runs off, and a quarter of a mile without it is the fmall ifland

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O tear ra wal:. Another fmall iflet lies about a mile further along the coaft, called Tahmow.

As it now began to rain hard, we landed to take Ilielter in the houfes, which are here, as in other places, but thinly fcattered: whennbsp;it cleared up, Peter and I walked along the beach, while the toutousnbsp;paddled the canoe. Foot-paths interfedled the low ground, but itnbsp;was bald walking on them, on account of the weeds and long grafsnbsp;being wet with the rain ; and the trees in fome places Handing clofenbsp;to the fea, obftrudled the way by the beach, and forced us again intonbsp;the canoe; and juH as it was dark we reached Attemonoo, a fmallnbsp;diftriét fituate between Wyoorëede and Papparä, and there haulednbsp;up the canoe. We thence walked to Temarre’s houfe at Papparä, andnbsp;found him quite intoxicated with ava. When they had broughtnbsp;lights I laid my bed down, and being tired with the fatigues of thenbsp;day, went immediately to reft.

18th. Temärre had rifen early, and gone to a place conftderably to the weftward, to worftiip at a morai he had there, but left wordnbsp;to drefs a pig for me. In the interim we applied to an intelligentnbsp;elderly chief for the number of matteynas and tees which we hadnbsp;pafted, who counted them as follows, viz,.

The great moral of Oberea ftands on a point a little to the eaft-ward ; thither I went, to have a view of lb great a curiofity. Otoo has one of his reprefentative houfes here; and in pafling it, fome ofnbsp;his fervants, judging whither I was going, followed me, and werenbsp;very alTiduous in explaining every thing to me. This morai is annbsp;enormous pile of ftone-work, in form of a pyramid, on a parallelogram area; it has a flight of ten ftcps quite round it, the firfl: ofnbsp;which, from the ground, is fix feet high, the reft about five feet ;nbsp;it is in length, at the bafe, two hundred and feventy feet, width atnbsp;ditto ninety-four feet ; at the top it is one hundred and eighty feetnbsp;long, and about fix wide ; the fteps are compofed partly of regularnbsp;rows of fquared coral ftones about eighteen inches high, and partlynbsp;with bl'ueifh-coloured pebble ftones nearly quite round, of a hardnbsp;texture, all about fix inches diameter, and in their natural unhewnnbsp;ftate : this is the outfide. The infide, that is to fay, what compofesnbsp;the folid mafs (for it has no hollow fpace), is compofed of ftones ofnbsp;various kinds and ftiapes. It is a wonderful ftrudlure ; and it muftnbsp;have coft them immenfe time and pains to bring fuch a quantity ofnbsp;ftones together, and particularly to fquare the coral of the fteps withnbsp;the tools they had when it was raifed ; for it was before iron camenbsp;among them : and as they were ignorant of mortar, or cement, itnbsp;required all the care they have taken to fit the ftones regularly tonbsp;each other, that it might ftand. When Sir Jofeph Banks faw thisnbsp;place, there was on the centre of the fummit a reprefentation of anbsp;bird carved in wood, and clofe by it the figure of a fifh carved innbsp;ftone ; but both are now gone, and the ftones of the upper ftepsnbsp;are in many places fallen : the walls of the court have alfo gonenbsp;much to ruin, and the flat pavement is only in fome places difcern-ible. The above gentleman, fpeaking of this court, fays, “ the py-“ ramid conftitutes one fide of a court, or fquare, the fides ofnbsp;“ which were nearly equal; and the whole was walled in andnbsp;“ paved with flat ftones : notwithftanding which pavement, feveralnbsp;“ plantains and trees, which the natives call etoa, grew within the

[1797-“ enclofure.” At prefent there is within this fquare a houfe, called the houfe of the Eatöoa, in which a man conftantly refides.. Sirnbsp;Jofeph further fays, “ that at a fmall diftance to the weftward ofnbsp;“ this edifice was another paved fquare, that contained feveral, fmallnbsp;“ ftages, called ewattas by the natives, which appeared to be altarsnbsp;whereon they placed the offerings to their gods j” and that he afterwards faw whole hogs placed upon thefe ftages .or altars. Mynbsp;guide led me to this fpot, which appears alfo to have gone much tonbsp;ruin : he fhewed me the altar, which is a heap of ftones, and hownbsp;they lay their offering upon it ; he then went a few yards back, andnbsp;laying hold of an upright ftone, like a grave-ftone, he knelt withnbsp;one knee, and looking upwards, began to call on the Eatöoa, bynbsp;crying, “ Whöoo, whöoo and by afterwards making a whiffling noife, intimated it to be the way in which the Eatöoa anfwerednbsp;them.

The grand moral formerly belonged to Oammo and Oberea, then to their defcendant Temärre, and now, fince the conqueft, to Otoo.

It was paft noon when I got back to the houfe, and Temärre had not returned from his worfhip ; and, worfe than that, there was nonbsp;profpeéf of any thing to eat : therefore I propofed to fet off, whennbsp;hisquot; wife entreated me to ftay a while longer. This being complied with, they brought the hog fmoking hot, but nearly raw,nbsp;though it muft have been covered up at leaft four hours, whichnbsp;was owing to its fize, being large enough to ferve forty men. Thusnbsp;both I and my companions fuffered by the exceflive kindnefs of ournbsp;hoft.

When we had taken our leave, and walked about a mile along the beach, we met Temärre on his way home,; and when Peter toldnbsp;him that we had waited purpofely for him, he feemed much afraidnbsp;left I fliould be angry, and afked if I was not. On fatisfying himnbsp;that I was not, he then inquired into the caufe of our vifit to Po-märre, in a way that befpokc jealoufy, envy, and fear of that chief.nbsp;After a little converfation we parted. Temärre is fuppofed to be

polfelTed of the Eatöoa, and, in conformity to that fuppofition, fpeaks in fuch a way that fcarcely,any one can underftand him. This at firftnbsp;made me think that he ufed that peculiar language faid to be fpokennbsp;by the priefts j but both the Swedes infill that the priefts know nonbsp;other than the common language, and can always be underllood,nbsp;except when, for the fake of myfterioufnefs, they utter their fpeechesnbsp;in a finging tone ; and that even the young girls can make theirnbsp;fongs equally unintelligible. It is alfo faid of this chief, that henbsp;is now meditating revenge on Pomärre, on account of the death ofnbsp;his father and his own defeat ; and in hope of obtaining fuccefs henbsp;has chofen Mr. Main for his tayo, whom he has heard fpoken of asnbsp;a military man, and to whom he has made feveral great prefents.

Wellopped at Pappara for the night in the houfe of my tayo Wy-reede : as I had not feen her fince my late arrival, fne exprelfed much joy on the occafion, ordered a pig to be inllantly drelfed, and madenbsp;me a prefent of feveral things ; among others, a quantity of humannbsp;hair made into fine linnet. Here were a number of arreoies withnbsp;their feparate wives, who, by the attachment they Ilaewed for theirnbsp;hulbands, feemed to difcountenance the allertion of promifeuous connexion, with which they are charged. Their great numbers madenbsp;the houfe, which xvas one hundred and forty feet long, appear like anbsp;little village, where each claimed the place on which his mat wasnbsp;fpread; and aimoil all were employed in making mats, linnet, amp;c. Asnbsp;foon as it was dark they brought lights, and danced and fung tillnbsp;near midnight, and perhaps would have continued all the night, hadnbsp;I not begged my tayo to caufe them to defill ; for the drums appearnbsp;not to dillurb their Heep; but, when tired with dancing, they lie down,nbsp;and a frelli party rifes to the fport : and in this manner the arreoiesnbsp;ufually fpend their nights, and thus they train the youths to the famenbsp;irregular living.

19th, The morning being fine and clear, we walked to the end of the dillriél, and crolTing a little cove, entered on Ahaheinah. Thenbsp;point which, with the cove, feparates the two dillriéls, is called

LI797-

Abooroo. Papparä is a diftriót of the middling clafs ; for extent of low land and fertility it is better than the north-eaftern diftrióls, ornbsp;thofe of Tiaraboo ; but inferior to thofe I afterwards came to, viz.nbsp;Attahooroo and Opärre ; however, the low land fee ms not to be twonbsp;furlongs in width in any place. Ahaheinah has a ftraight coaft ; innbsp;feveral parts the hills projedl to the fea, leaving a narrow beach ornbsp;foot-path at their bafe, and where there is low land it is no wherenbsp;above a hundred yards wide. A hill called Weypah-toto feparates itnbsp;from Mahraw, a fmall divifion of Attahooroo : here Captain Weatherhead landed in his boats after the lofs of the Matilda, and hadnbsp;his money and clothes taken from him by the natives.

Attahooroo is divided into two or three departments, over which chiefs fubordinate to Temârre prefide. In the account given me theynbsp;divided it only into two parts, of which the fouth-eaft contains fifteennbsp;matteynas and one hundred and fifty tees, and the north part ten mat-teynas and ninety-three tees, including the valleys. Here the fhorenbsp;is waving, and forms a fegment of a circle as it bends round tonbsp;Tettaha. The reef lies a confiderable way off, and within it thenbsp;water is fmooth and fiiallow, and the bottom a fine white fand inter-fperfed with beautiful coral, which makes the rowing over it delightful. Here the ifland puts on its moft beautiful appearance. Anbsp;large border of low ground is covered with cocoa, palms, andnbsp;bread-fruit. Extenfive valleys run confiderably in-land, and the fidesnbsp;of the hills, which form them, are covered with fruit-trees, andnbsp;their tops with grafs. The lofty mountains in the higher region arenbsp;alfo covered with trees, or broken into awful precipices 5 and by theirnbsp;various Ihapes and diftances, and the clouds, which hover over themnbsp;all the day, add a fublime grandeur to the beauty of the feene below.

We landed at a chief’s houfe oppofite the great valley, and before dinner fet off with the chief to fee a moral, where it was faid thenbsp;ark of the Eatöoa was depofited, and which had been conjedlured bynbsp;fome vifitors to bear a fimilitude in form to the ark of the covenant.nbsp;Though it was about noon, in the road we went we felt little of the

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1‘ublt-s h.fti. by T. ('Txa fgt;fn.tzn, Fle^ Sirr^f. t'eb'* i, HâO'

heat of the fun : lofty bread-fruit trees afforded their pleafant fliade ; and, as there was but little underwood, we felt no annoyance, exceptnbsp;from a few flies. Turmeric and ginger abounded, alfo the wildnbsp;cotton tree. The moral flands on the north fide of the valley, aboutnbsp;a mile or more from the beach : it is eredted on level ground, enclofednbsp;with a fquare wooden fence, each fide of which may meafure thirtynbsp;or forty yards. About one half of the platform next the interior fidenbsp;of the fquare is paved, and on this pavement, nearly in the middle,nbsp;there flands an altar upon fixteen wooden pillars, each eight feet high;nbsp;it is forty feet long and feven feet wide : on the top of the pillars thenbsp;platform for the offerings is laid, with thick matting upon it, whichnbsp;overhanging each fide, forms a deep fringe all around it. Upon thisnbsp;matting are offerings of whole hogs, turtle, large fifli, plantains,nbsp;young cocoa-nuts, amp;c. the whole in a flate of putrefadion, whichnbsp;fends an offenfive fmell all round the place. A large fpace on onenbsp;fide of the fence was broken down, and a heap of rough flones laidnbsp;in the gap : upon thefe flones, and in a line with the fence, were placednbsp;what they call tees ; thefe were boards from fix to feven feet high,nbsp;cut into various fliapes. At a corner near this flood a houfe andnbsp;two fheds, where men conflantly attended. We entered the houfe,nbsp;and found at one end the little houfe, or ark of the Eatöoa; it was madenbsp;exadly like thofe they fet on their canoes, but fmaller, beingnbsp;about four feet long, and three in height and breadth. As itnbsp;contained nothing but a few pieces of cloth, I inquired where theynbsp;had hid the Eatöoa : they anfwered, that it had been taken in thenbsp;morning to a fmall moral near the water-fide, but that they wouldnbsp;immediately bring it, which they did in about half an hour. Thoughnbsp;I had not viewed this place without feeling for the poor creatures,nbsp;yet when they laid their Eatöoa on the ground I could hardly reflrainnbsp;a laugh. It was in fliape exadlly like a failor’s hammock laflied up,nbsp;and compofed of two parts, the larger one jufl the fize of the houfe,nbsp;and the leffer, which was lafhed upon it, was about half that fize ;nbsp;at the ends were faflened little bunches of red and yellow feathers.

[1797-the offerings of the wealthy. They feeing me fmile, laughed heartily themfelves, but feemingly only to pleafc me ; for it was from no ideanbsp;of the infignificance of their Eatooa. I told them it was not, couldnbsp;not be a god,,becaufe it was nothing but the cloth and linnet whichnbsp;themfelves had made, and .could no more hear, fpeak, nor do themnbsp;good or harm, than could the cloth they wore. At this they Ibemednbsp;rather perplexed, but ftill affirmed that it was a great Eatooa ; andnbsp;when he was angry their trees bore no bread-fruit, and many illsnbsp;came upon them ; but not a word in reference to a future hate. Inbsp;wanted much to fee what was in the infide ; but they faid, none butnbsp;Männe Manne and a few more durft open it. However, they toldnbsp;Peter that it contained nothing but red feathers, a young plantain,nbsp;and a bunch of young cocoa-nuts before they break the leaf. Severalnbsp;bread-fruit and etoa trees ftand within the fame fquare.

On our way back we called to fee the body of Orepiah, as pre-ferved in a tupapow : he had not been many months dead, and was now in a perfeótly dry ftate. The man to whom the performance ofnbsp;this operation was entrufted lived clofe by, and came near when henbsp;faw us. He feemed quite willing to oblige me; and a iked if Inbsp;would like to fee the body unflirouded ; for, as it lay, nothing could benbsp;feen but. the feet. Anfwering in the affirmative, he drew it outnbsp;upon the uncovered ftage, and took feveral wrappers of cloth offnbsp;it ; and, laughing all the while, placed the corpfe in a fittingnbsp;poft Lire. The body had been opened, but the fkin every where elfenbsp;was unbroken, and, adhering clofe to the bones, it appeared like anbsp;Ikeleton covered with oil-cloth. It had little or no fmell, and would,nbsp;notwithftanding the heat of the climate, remain fo preferved a con-fiderable time. The method they take for this is, to clear the bodynbsp;of the entrails, brain, amp;c. ; then wafhing it well, they rub it dailynbsp;outfide and in with cocoa-nut oil, till the flefti is quite dried up ;nbsp;after which they leave it to the all-deftroying hand of Time. Thisnbsp;tupapow was conftruffed by driving four long ftakes in the ground,nbsp;about fix feet afunder, lengthwife, and four in breadth ; befides thefe,

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two others, not fo long by three feet, are driven on a line, and fix feet from the former four : a ftage is then made at the height of thenbsp;fiiorteft two, and the corpfe being laid at one end, a thatched roofnbsp;is raifed upon the four higheft flakes, to fhciter it from thenbsp;rain ; the vacant part of the fiage is to pull it upon, either fornbsp;rubbing with the oil, or exhibiting it to the friends and relations ofnbsp;the deceafed. On the adjoining trees, plantains and bread-fruit hungnbsp;for the ufc of the dead. I afked them, where they thought his fpirit,nbsp;or thinking part, had gone ? At this they fmiled, and' faid, “ Harrenbsp;“ po,” that is, “ Gone to the night.”

A little before dark we reached the further end of Attahooroo, and put up at a little place which Männe Manne had given to Peter,nbsp;who ordered what he pleafed, and had it immediately; and herenbsp;we left the canoe, as it blew too frefli to row it againft the eafterlynbsp;wind. In the morning we rofe early : a couple of fowls were readynbsp;drefled, on which we breakfafted, and fet off with a hope of reachingnbsp;the Ihip, if nothing occurred to prevent it.

We entered Tettaha by afcençüng a hill called Opeyhowe. The difiridl almofl throughont is hilly, affording but little low land ;nbsp;ncverthelefs it is well inhabited, which may be owing to its fituation,nbsp;lying between the two beft diftrids on the ifland ; though I apprehend even its own produce is fufficient for the people who livenbsp;uponl it. It has twelve matteynas and one hundred and thirty tees,nbsp;Pomarre is the chief. The beft grove'of cocoa-nut trees hereabouts, and a great number of bread-fruit, are laid to have beennbsp;planted by him and Iddeah when they were young. We pafled onenbsp;fpot where Pomärre had lately a houfe, which contained a vaftnbsp;quantity of his ftores, and had been malicioufly fet on fire and burntnbsp;to the ground.. At a place called Weyto-weyte, which terminatesnbsp;the diftridl, there is a houfe three hundred and ninety-feven feet innbsp;length, and forty-eight wide ; twenty wooden pillars, each twenty-one feet high, fupport the middle of the roof ; and one hundred andnbsp;twenty-four, each ten feet high, fupport the fides or eaves of the

[1797-roof: the rafters upon which the roof is laid are about fix inches thick, and placed twenty inches apart : a wooden wall, or fence,nbsp;enclofes the whole. Here, it is faid, they on great occafions holdnbsp;feafts for days together, when they alnnoft deftroy all the hogs on thenbsp;ifland. The next diftriéf is Opärre, which is well ftored with pro-vifions and inhabitants, having fixteen matteynas and one hundrednbsp;and ninety-nine tees, including two valleys. It has alfo a morai, butnbsp;it is faid to be inferior to that in Attahooroo; therefore, as it rained,nbsp;J did not go to fee it. Being forced to take Ihelter in a houfe, I fawnbsp;there a man, one of whofe legs was fwelled to a fize little lefs than anbsp;man’s body, ; the other leg was of its natural fize, and the perfonnbsp;cheerful, and bufied in making a mat. One of Otoo’s boat-houfesnbsp;was adjoining ; it contained a war canoe fixty feet long, which is anbsp;little larger than that at Otyearee ; and thefe two, and, one fromnbsp;Ulietea of a different confirudlion, were the only large ones I faw innbsp;the courfe of my journey, though I faw feveral of a middling fize,nbsp;yet not fo many as I expedted.

The laft difficulty was to get over Taharray, or One Tree hill, as the rain had made the afeent very ffippery. From thence we walkednbsp;along the beach to the miffionary houfe, and got our clofing accountnbsp;from Pyteah. Matavai has twenty-feven matteynas and one hundred and ten tees, which makes eight hundred and twenty-two inhabitants. Therefore the population is as follows :

CHAPTER XIV.

TlranfaSlions at Qtaheite till their Departure.

The intention of writing thefe pages being chiefly to preferve the circumftances of a voyage which from its nature and object is in-terefting to many, I Ihall with ‘this view notice what occurrencesnbsp;palTed at the fliip during my, abfence, alfo in the fubfequent days ofnbsp;our flay ; and then' take leave of Otaheite, without faying more onnbsp;their cuftoms and manners than what lies interfperfed in the journalnbsp;already detailed, as 'all former navigators 'have enlarged on this fub-jelt;ft J and if errors can. now be cofredted, it will, certainly be beftnbsp;done from the letters of the miflaonaries, whofe refidence among thenbsp;natives for five months gave them greatly the advantage over us atnbsp;thé'fllip.

July 12th. It being the Rev. Mr. Lewis’s turn to attend the boat employed in landing the goods, he exprefled a fear that the divifionnbsp;of them, after the departure of the fhip, would occafion fomenbsp;tineafinefs. In the courfe of the day Mr. Cover and Henry waitednbsp;upon the captain, and fpoke to the fame effcdt, giving it as theirnbsp;opinion, that, to prevent any thing difagreeablc happening, the moftnbsp;prudent way would be for them to make a divifion immediately ; butnbsp;this being only a propofal, the adoption of which the captain left entirely to themfelves, it was no more fpoken of. Mrs. Hodges andnbsp;Mrs. Henry alfo vifited us to-day j and in the evening they all wentnbsp;on fhore in the pinnace. Landed the goods, and received from ournbsp;friends the natives a plentiful fupply of fruit, amp;c.

13th. To-day the captain and fix of the miffionaries examined the diftridl of Matavâi for the purpofe of finding the moft eligible

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fpot on which to build a houfe; but as there were lèverai equally eligible, no preference was given as yet to any.

14th. The weather ferene and plcafant. Information was brought to the Ihip, that the young king had come to Mataväi j but a reportnbsp;fpreading that he had facrificed a man, the miffionaries exprefied theirnbsp;marked difapprobation of the horrid adl, which fo terrified him, thatnbsp;he was fetting off for Papparä, when the captain landed, and floppednbsp;him as he and his queen ran along the beach. On being alked whynbsp;he was going away fo foon, he anfwered, that, as the miflionariesnbsp;were angry, he fuppofed the captain was fo too. The captain toldnbsp;him that it would be very wrong to facrifice a man : he denied thenbsp;faét. The captain entreated him to commit no fuch cruelty, and be-fought him to return, promi fing that he »would fend him a canoe,nbsp;which he had brought purpofely from Tongataboo. This both reconciled and pleafed him : he accordingly took up his refidence innbsp;Mataväi. Had he gone offquot; in fear, there was no knowing whatnbsp;the confequences might be, as he had only to* lay the rahooe on thenbsp;diflriéls, to cut off all our fupplies ; a circumflance which, thoughnbsp;not experienced by us, has been feverely felt by fome of their viliters.

15th. Pleafant weather. The captain and the four appointed miflionaries employed in dividing the goods ; the feamen hoifling outnbsp;of the hold, and putting the Otaheitean divifion into the brethren’snbsp;boat. In the forenoon Otoo and his ^ife came alongfide; thenbsp;Friendly Ifland canoe was given to him, and after he had furveyed itnbsp;near two hours, he got into it, and went on fliore feemingly muchnbsp;pleafed. About four in the afternoon, Sam (the little cabin-boy)nbsp;ran from the fhip, fuppofed to have gone out at the cabin-window.nbsp;This boy being of a dwarfifli fize, was apprehenfive of falling intonbsp;want in his own country; therefore he preferred fettling wherenbsp;nakednefs was no hardfliip, and the vegetable diet at leaft of thenbsp;ifland could always be procured at eafe. He left behind him a fewnbsp;incoherent lines mentioning his defign, wherein helikewife fays, that

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if he can do the miffionaries no good, he will do them no harm. About the fame time the captain had his dreffing-box with all hisnbsp;Ihaving utenfils ftolen out of the cabin, and at fir ft fuppofed the boynbsp;concerned in the theft, but it afterwards proved he was innocent.nbsp;Thermometer 71°. Received from Mawrôa, and his wife Wyreedenbsp;Aowh, two fmall pigs, with fruit, amp;c. alfo prefents from feveralnbsp;others.

16th. The day fine and pleafant. Mr. Jelferfon and Eyre chaplains for the day on board ; the former in the forenoon, the latter in the afternoon.

17th. Fine weather. Landed fome goods, and received by the return of the flat-bottomed boat two loads of ftone ballaft. Iddeahnbsp;having come to Mataväi, fent to the fhip to know whether the captain was angry with her. The meflenger was told that he was not ;nbsp;and as a token thereof, a plantain leaf was fent her. She then camenbsp;on board, bringing with her two large hogs and two bundles ofnbsp;cloth : one of each was her own prefent, the other that of Pomarre.nbsp;When feated in the cabin, Ihe was alked the reafon why fhe killednbsp;her child : in anfwer to which fhe faid, that the man with whomnbsp;Ihe cohabited was a low man; had the child been Pomarre’s, fhenbsp;would have fpared it ; but fince it was the cuftom of the eareesnbsp;to murder all bafe-born children, fhe had only afted agreeably thereto.nbsp;The father of the child was fitting by her, without feeming in thenbsp;leaft angry; however, herfelf feemed rather hurt at the homenbsp;queflions that were put to her, and the converfation was turned.nbsp;She then informed the captain of the reafons of Pomarre’s abfence,nbsp;which being abfolutely neceflary, he had fent her to fee that hisnbsp;friend the captain wanted for nothing the ifland could afford;nbsp;though, perhaps, the truer reafon was, that he might lofe nothingnbsp;by his abfence that could be got from the fhip. When fhe had received feveral prefents, the evening drawing on, fhe fet off to fee hernbsp;fon Otoo, but was hardly gone when he made his appearance in a

large double canoe, whooping and hallooing to the feamen by name, and after playing a number of foolilh tricks, fet off to the fhorc.nbsp;Thermometer 71°.

18th. The weather pleafant. No natives on board, or canoes about the fllip ; the reafon of which novelty we fuppofe to be fome diver fions given by Iddeah. Landed fome goods, and received twonbsp;boat-loads of ftoneballaft. Doólor Gillham was in the boat to-day,nbsp;and informed the captain of his defire to return with him. In thenbsp;afternoon one of the natives brought back the boy Sam, and receivednbsp;for this fervice anew fhirtj Mrs. Hodges accompanied them, to pleadnbsp;for the fugitive. The carpenter employed calking the fliip’s top-fides, which the powerful effect of the tropical climate had renderednbsp;leaky. Thermometer 72“.

19th. The weather fqually, with rain. The young king (Otoo) fent a prefent of two hogs and fome cloth. One of his fervants alfonbsp;brought the captain’s drefling-box ; they had traced the thief tonbsp;Oparre, where they found the box complete, but the offender hadnbsp;efcaped to the mountains. By the meffengeran axe was fent to Otoo.nbsp;Iddeah, and the bafe fellow fhe cohabits with, dined on board, andnbsp;before flie left us, received all the red feathers we had, and likewifeanbsp;red uniform coat for Pomärre ; with which valuable prefents fhe wasnbsp;highly delighted. Received two boat-loads of ftone. In the eveningnbsp;a chief brought twenty fowls, for which he received an axe. Whilftnbsp;at dinner a native requefted the fliip’s harpoon, to ftrike a large cavallynbsp;he had obferved : this he performed with great dexterity j but thenbsp;wounded fifli having difengaged the harpoon, the man dived after it,nbsp;and brought up the cavally in his arms, weighing forty-five pounds,nbsp;for which the captain rewarded him, and fent the fifh on fhorc to thenbsp;miflionaries.

20th. The weather fqually, with heavy rain. Few of the natives on board, occafioned partly by the weather, and partly by a fhooting-match with bow and arrow, which Otoo had at Oparre. Received

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three boats of ballaft. Thermometer 72!“. To-day I returned from making a tour of the ifland.

21 ft. Weather as yefterday : the winds during the latter part fqually from the N. W. with heavy rain / which fo fwelled the rivernbsp;of Matavâi, that we with difficulty got one boat-load of ballaft.

Early in the morning Mawröa and his wife, who are our moft confiant vifitors, came, and brought with them a pig, bread-fruit,nbsp;cocoa-nuts, amp;c. : with them came alfo three women, who, they faid,nbsp;were relations j they likewife brought each of them a prefent. Onenbsp;of them was full feventy years old, and fo infirm, and exhaufted withnbsp;the fatigue of getting on board, that fhe laid herfelf down on thenbsp;cabin floor, apparently about to expire j but recovering a little, fhenbsp;ftaid on board all the day, and went fafe away in the evening.nbsp;Iddeah was among this day’s vifitors, and, in fhort, the cabin wasnbsp;quite crowded with them; which would often be uncomfortable,nbsp;were they not careful to fupply us with a plentiful table. Ther- «nbsp;mometer 72®.

22d. Wind eafterly ; moderate and fine weather. Loofed fails to dry, amp;c. After breakfafl the miffionaries came off*, but withoutnbsp;ftones, not being able to get them for the fwell of the river. Sent onnbsp;fhore a quantity of rod, bolt, and bar iron. To-day the captain gavenbsp;Peter, the Swede, two fpades and fome other articles, as he propofednbsp;credling a houfe near to the miffionaries. My tayo Wyrcede fent menbsp;a large hog, as fhe had frequently done before.

23d. Fine plcafant weather, and a light air of wind eafterly. Five or fix failing canoes went out of the bay towards Tethuroa.nbsp;Thefe are the only canoes of the failing kind that we obferved on thenbsp;ifland, though fometimes they will ereól a temporary maft to runnbsp;before the wind. Service on board by brothers Henry and Broomhall.

24th. Three of the company made an excurfion for two days, with Peter the Swede, through Matavâi, Opärre, Tettaha, andnbsp;Attahooroo, at which laft dift rid: they flept. Every where they

4

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were received with profufe hofpitality, and had nine pigs roafted to entertain them at different places.

Moderate and pleafant weather, with a few fhowers of rain. Landed fundries, and received fome ball aft. Our vifitors were Iddeah andnbsp;my tayo Wyreede, with their hufbands ; their prefents amounted tonbsp;three hogs and a large quantity of bread-fruit. The young kingnbsp;came off in his Tongataboo canoe, and paddled feveral times roundnbsp;the fhip. The captain gave him an uniform coat of handfome fcarlet,nbsp;and entreated him to put it on, which he in a füllen fit, with favagenbsp;obftinacy, refufed to do.

During the night we had much rain, thunder, and lightning.

25th. The firft part of this day moderate and fair weather. In the afternoon the wind veered to the weftward, and blew frefh, withnbsp;heavy rain for about an hour ; then cleared up, and fell calm : andnbsp;thus it generally happens when wefterly, from which quarter it feldomnbsp;blows hard or long. The wives of the miflionaries dined and dranknbsp;tea on board. Thermometer 71!°.

a6th. Gentle breezes and pleafant weather. The captain and miflionaries employed in dividing the goods. Received one boat-loadnbsp;of ballaft. The natives on board diverting themfelves by leaping offnbsp;the topfail-yard into the water. Thermometer 73°.

27th. Variable winds and pleafant weather. Received one boatload of Hones.

In the dufk of the evening, one of our feamen, William Tucker, made his efcape from the fhip. We had been apprized of his intention to ftay on the ifland, knew that moft of his clothes were on fhore,nbsp;and had thoughts of fecuring him when we were about to depart,nbsp;not thinking he would go till near the laft day. When we foundnbsp;him gone, the boat was inftantly manned, to purfue and fearch for him.nbsp;I and the third mate went on this fervice : we landed at Point Venus,nbsp;informed the miflionaries, and the old chief Pyteah, of what hadnbsp;happened, and employed them alfo in the fearch, which proved innbsp;vain Î for after examining every houfe in the diftritft we were obliged

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to return as we went. The two Swedes (Peter and Andrew) had been abfent all the evening, which gave us reafon to fuppofe themnbsp;concerned in the affair ; for juff as we returned to the miffionarynbsp;houfe, they came in quite wet, faying that they had been a-fifhing,nbsp;an employment we knew they never went upon at nights ; befides,nbsp;their very looks condemned them. All that we could further donbsp;in this bufinefs was, to go to the huts of Otoo and Iddeah, and defirenbsp;them to fend men in purfuit of Tucker, which they promifed to do.nbsp;And to crown the difagreeablenefs of this day, juft before we fetnbsp;off w ith the boat, the ram which we brought from England camenbsp;into the houfe, and died ; fuppofed to have received fome injury fromnbsp;the natives, as he was a little mifchievous among them. However,nbsp;there are ftill good hopes of a breed, as one of the ewes had a finenbsp;ram, which was now grown up.

28th. Pleafant weather. This morning, when Andrew the Swede came on board, he was immediately put in confinement ; it appearingnbsp;evident that he had enticed Tucker from the ftiip, and was endeavouring to form a party which might prove dangerous to the mif-fionariestherefore the captain refolved on taking him off the ifland.

Peter came on board alfo, and turning king’s evidence, informed us that a native named Matemoo had concealed Tucker in a thicketnbsp;of Mataväi. '

Iddeah was on board at the time, to whom we applied for help, which fire promifing, landed, and fent off a band of Otoo’s men tonbsp;fearch the thicket, aftifted by a number of the miftionaries, withnbsp;myfelf and the gunner -, but all in vain : he was not to be found thisnbsp;day. We heard that he had taken the road to Opärre, and intendednbsp;for Attahooroo ; and in confequence of this information. Smith,nbsp;Main, and Clode armed themfelves, and fet off in purfuit of him ; asnbsp;the captain intended at all events to have him, that mifchief to thenbsp;brethren might be prevented, and likewife defertions be thereby dif-couraged. Thermometer 72°.

29th. Moderate breezes eafterly, and pleafant weather. The

July.]

captain and the four brethren employed dividing the goods, amp;c. No further account of Tucker. At noon the three miffionaries returnednbsp;from a fruitlefs purfuit, much fatigued. Many of our friends thenbsp;natives on board to-day. Thermometer 73°.

30th. Pleafant weather. Mr. Jefferfon and Lewis chaplains for the day.

About ten at night a native paddled off, calling out as he approached the fllip, “ All’s well.” His bufinefs, it feemed, was to communicate fomething concerning Tucker ; but he was fo flrupified with ava,nbsp;that he could not articulate a word. The coming of another canoenbsp;explained the matter. In this laft were three of the miffionaries, Id-deah, two of Otoo’s fervants, and Tucker, bound, who curfed Otoonbsp;heartily for his treachery. It appears that Otoo had been privy tonbsp;the whole affair, and had himfelf daily fed Tucker. But the captain having dropt an expreffion, in Iddeah’s hearing, that if thenbsp;fugitive was not found he would take Otoo on board ; it fo terrifiednbsp;him, that he fent a man to inform Tucker that he wanted him, andnbsp;contrived to have fome of^the miffionaries in ambuffi near the beach,nbsp;who feized him as he came along, and put him into the canoe, butnbsp;not without a great ftruggle, and many curfes. When we had gotnbsp;him on board, he was put in confinement, till we ffiould leave thenbsp;ifland. As for Iddeah, flie was at this time trembling ; and beingnbsp;alked the reafon of it, ffie faid, it was for fear Andrew fliould benbsp;let loofe, for he was a bloody-minded man, and would wreak hisnbsp;vengeance on her, and the other natives to whom the captain hadnbsp;fliewn favour ; and that he thought very little of running his knifenbsp;into them.

Jiff. Fine pleafant weather. Männe Manne, who was fo attentive and friendly on our firft vifit, did not till this morning fend his refpeds and a prefent to his tayo the captain, and that himfelf wouldnbsp;be with us in a day or two. Iddeah and feveral others came withnbsp;the ufual prefents of hogs, fruit, amp;c.

C'797*

Auguft I ft. Light breezes and pleafant weather. Bought two he-goats to carry to the Friendly I hands -, and received feveral prefentsnbsp;from the natives. In the evening Männe Manne arrived at Matavainbsp;in the veflel he,had juft built.at Eimëo, and brought her alongfide fornbsp;the captain to view her : confidering her as their firft eft ay, ftie is a •nbsp;wonderful performance. This day at noon we fired a gun, and loofednbsp;the fore-topfail, as a fignal for failing; and received Dr. Gillham andnbsp;all his baggage on board.

2d. The firft part fhowers of rain, the middle and latter part fair and pleafant weather ; the wind wefterly all the afternoon. Iddeahnbsp;prefented the captain with a complete mourning drefs ; and all thenbsp;other natives brought fomething with them.

' To-day the divifion of the goods was finilhed, having been a long employment.

3d. Pleafant weather, the wind variable. Sent on ftiore an addition of fmall arms, ammunition, amp;c. which makes their ftock as follows ; two fwivels, eight mulkets, one blunderbufs, nine piftols,nbsp;and nine fwords ; fifty-fix gun-flints, befides thofe in ufe ; powder,nbsp;ball, drum and fife.

The natives were now crowding the Ihip more than ever, and many of them were very importunate to go to Prëtane. Mawröa andnbsp;his wife my tayo Wyreede, Männe Manne, Iddeah, and the tayos ofnbsp;the crew, laid us in a large fea-ftock of hogs, fowls, and fruit ; andnbsp;in return for their kindnefs received fuch things as were to themnbsp;ufeful and gratifying. Männe Manne was very urgent for fails,nbsp;rope, anchor, amp;c. for his veflel, none of which articles we had tonbsp;fpare: on which account, though the captain gave him his ownnbsp;.cocked hat and a variety of articles, he was ftill difcontented ; faying, “ Several people told me that you wanted Manne Manne, andnbsp;“ now I am come, you give me nothing.” An obfervation fimilarnbsp;to this he once made to the mifiTionaries : “You give me,” fays he,nbsp;“ much parow (talk) and much prayers to the Eatöoa, but very few

“ axes, knives, fciffars, or cloth.” The cafe is, that whatever he receives he immediately diftributes among his friends and dependants ;nbsp;fo that of all the numerous prefents he had received, he had nothingnbsp;now to lhew, except a glazed hat, a pair of breeches, and an oldnbsp;black coat, which he had fringed with red feathers. And this prodigal behaviour he excufes, by faying that, were he not to do fo, henbsp;fhould never be a king, nor even remain a chief of any confequence.

Unmoored the fhip, and got all things clear and in readinefs for ' failing on the following day. Mrs. Henry, Hodges, and Haflell,nbsp;with feveral of the miffionaries, came off to take leave of the captain,nbsp;officers, and crew. Mr. Clode, unfettled in his mind, wifhed tonbsp;go to the Friendly Iflands : and, as the brethren left him at liberty tonbsp;go or flay, determining to go, fome un wrought iron and other articlesnbsp;were taken on board again for his ufe ; but in the evening he changednbsp;his mind again, and refolved to ftay.

4th. Light airs of wind. At eight A. M. we weighed anchor, and flood out of Matavai bay ; the wind variable and baffling. Greatnbsp;numbers of natives crowded on board, to take leave of their refpeffivenbsp;friends, and fee what they would further beflow ; for they poffefsnbsp;generofity and felfifhnefs in an almofl equal degree. Some at partingnbsp;with their tayos at one end of the fhip wept bitterly, but by onlynbsp;walking the length of the deck they became as cheerful as ever; andnbsp;when taxed with diffimulation, they laughing obferved, that it wasnbsp;the parow or cuflom of Otaheite to weep and cut themfelves on fuchnbsp;occafions, but the latter they omitted becaufe we had told them itnbsp;was bad. But as all their paffions or fits are extremely fhort-lived,nbsp;efpecially that of grief, their prefent behaviour was only confiflentnbsp;with their general charaffer and difpofition.

After hoifling the pinnace in we flood off and on, waiting the packets of letters, which were brought off at noon by Cover, Henry,nbsp;and feveral others who had not taken leave. After fuch converfationnbsp;as the occafion fuggefled, we took an aftedionate farewell, and parted,'nbsp;perhaps never to behold each other again in this life.

G G

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It was the purpofe of the miffionaries, as foon as the fhip failed, to change their abode to a more eligible fpot, and to furround their pre-mifes with a ftrong wall, fufficient to protedl them from any danger,nbsp;though, while they are united, none is to be apprehended, as theynbsp;have fufficient force to defend themfelves againft the whole ifland.nbsp;As foon as this is done, they purpofe building a veflel of one hundrednbsp;or one hundred and fifty tons, capable of vifiting all the iflandsnbsp;around them ; for which they have materials of every kind, plentynbsp;of timber, and able workmen.

We hope they will have widely diffufed the glad tidings of falva-tion, with which they are fent, by the time we may again vifit them.

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CHAPTER XV.

Return to Tongatdboo,—Occurrences during our Ahfence.

H AV ING paffed at a confiderable diftance fouthward of the Society Illes on our former voyage, we now lhaped a direct courfcnbsp;for them j and by noon on the 5th of Auguft were but a little way offnbsp;Huaheine, its extremities bearing from N. E. by N* to N. W. Asnbsp;we rounded the fouth end a lew canoes came off, in one of whichnbsp;was a chief, with the ufual peace-offering, viz. a young pig and anbsp;green branch. They came on board without hefitation, and talkednbsp;with nearly the fame freedom as the Otaheiteans. A few hatchets,nbsp;knives, and looking-glalfes were diftributed among them; afternbsp;which, feeing that we difregarded their entreaties to anchor, theynbsp;went into their canoe and paddled away.

When to leeward of the illand, more canoes came alongfide ; in one of them was Connor, the Irilhman, one of the Matilda’s crew. Tonbsp;our aftonilliment, he had forgotten his native tongue, being able tonbsp;recolledf only a few words : and if he began a fentence in Englilh, henbsp;was obliged to finilli it in the language of the illands. Both he andnbsp;the natives begged hard for us to enter Owharre harbour ; but finding that we were determined to make no Hay, he alked the captainnbsp;if he would take him home ; which was readily agreed to, as wenbsp;had reafon, from the condudt of his Ihipmates at Otaheite, to fup-pofe that fuch as he would prove a hindrance to the million. Henbsp;then begged the captain to give him time to take leave of his wifenbsp;and child ; which was alfo promifed him : for that purpofe, wenbsp;jiauled our wind towards the entrance of Owharre harbour; and whennbsp;off there, Dr. Gillham and I went on lliore with him in the canoc,

and, landing, walked towards his houfe through a crowd of natives, which he cautioned us to beware of, left, for the fake of our clothes,nbsp;they Ihould fall upon us and do us mifchief : he alfo requefted wenbsp;might not go far from him. When he made known his intention,nbsp;fome of the women wept, and his wife was much caft down, thoughnbsp;he treated her with much indifference ; indeed, he had faid that henbsp;did not care what became of her. But when he took the child innbsp;his arms, a moft beautiful infant about eight or nine months old, thenbsp;tears gliftened in his eyes, and, expreffing his forrow, he feemed dividednbsp;in his mind, whether to ftay in a fi tu at ion where, by reafon of theirnbsp;wars, he faid, his life was continually in jeopardy, or extricate himfelf,nbsp;and leave his beloved daughter to the mercy of favages. However,nbsp;as he ftill intended the latter, he embarked in the canoe, and his wifenbsp;and child accompanied us. In the way, we afked her if fhe wouldnbsp;part with her child ; her reply was, “ No, not for any thing.” Asnbsp;feveral natives and chiefs had collected on board, it was fome timenbsp;before Connor’s bufinefs could be fettled ; which alfo gave him timenbsp;to confider more deliberately what to do. And, as he never let thenbsp;child out of his arms, bis affedion preponderated, and he told thenbsp;captain that he found it impoffible for him to leave it ; which wenbsp;were all glad to hear for the infant’s fake. A few ufeful articlesnbsp;were then prefen ted to him, and we immediately wore fhip and madenbsp;fail, whilft they returned to the fliore.

He fays, that the wars here are far more deftruClive than at Otaheite, where they will not Rand to fight j here they are morenbsp;courageous, and both by pradlice and neceflity are become far morenbsp;flcilful. He relates, that about two or three months before our vifit,nbsp;the people of Huaheine (whom he is obliged to affift, or ftarve)nbsp;went againft the ifland of Ulietea ; and in the fir ft battle, after manynbsp;falling on both fides, the latter was defeated, and forced to fly fornbsp;fafety to Borabora, leaving the Huaheine men mafters of the ifland;nbsp;but in a fliort time fome of the victorious band longing after theirnbsp;wives, returned to Huaheine ; of which their enemies no fooner

Avgust.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;229

heard, than they came upon them with a fuperiority of numbers, killed about fifty of their beft warriors, and it was with great difficulty that Connor and a few more got to their canoes, in which, bynbsp;hard paddling, they efcaped from the purfuit of their enemies.nbsp;Connor ftiewed the mark of a wound on the back, which had beennbsp;deep, but was now healed ; by which I fuppofed it more than threenbsp;months fince this affair happened. He fays, and I believe truly, thatnbsp;there is no end to their wars ; and that to have been once beaten wasnbsp;confidered as a fufficient caufe for entering on frefh wars ; for, not-withftanding their late misfortunes, they were preparing for anothernbsp;attack.

Connor had not been more than five years among the iflands, in which time he proves, that a man may, in all points, become anbsp;heathen, and even forget his own language ; though he had fpentnbsp;part of that time with his ftiipmates. He had alfo forgotten whatnbsp;time 'had elapfed fince the wreck of the ftiip, but fuppofed it to benbsp;eight years, which was three years too much. Perhaps fomethingnbsp;might be faid in excufe for him ; he never could read ; but had henbsp;poffcffed only a final 1 fhare of literature, it is likely abftraél or fpe-culative ideas would fometimes have arifen in his mind, to exprefsnbsp;which, words of his native language connected with fuch ideas wouldnbsp;naturally and of neceffity recur, that of the iflands being too penurious. Add to this, that the remotenefs of his fituation from homenbsp;might caufe him to give up all thoughts of ever returning to his native country, and to think no more of cultivating or retaining thofenbsp;qualities he had occafion for there.

From Huaheine we fleered to go to the northward of Otaha ; but as it was nearly calm we made little way ; and next day at noonnbsp;were no farther than between Otaha and Borabora, when we obfervednbsp;in 16“ 28' S. A few canoes came off from both iflands ; but as itnbsp;was Sunday, agreeably to the rule we had invariably followed, wenbsp;had no intercourfe with them; except giving a few knives andnbsp;hatchets, for which we took nothing in return. Neverthelefs, as we

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lay becalmèd, they hung about the fhip moft of the day ; and when leaving us, promifed to return on the morrow,

7th. In the evening the wind came from the weflward, and firetching on the larboard tack, we faw the fmall ifland of Toubai ;nbsp;which at midnight bore W. N.W. and Mouroa W. by S. ; and innbsp;the courfe of the forenoon we paffed between the two, and north ofnbsp;the latter, the wind at the time from S. W, by S. fqually, withnbsp;thick weather and confiant rain ; which continuing, we hauled thenbsp;forefail up, and run under an eafy fail for the night ; and nextnbsp;morning at daylight faw Howe’s ifland off the deck, bearing S. byW.

8th. Obferved at noon in latitude 16® 45' S. ; at the fame time faw the land bearing north, and fuppofed it to be the Scilly iflands, dif-covered by Wallis, We now fhaped a courfe for Palmerfton’s iflands,nbsp;where we had fome bufinefs to do ; and on the morning of thenbsp;12th came in fight of them. Hoifling the pinnace out, we landednbsp;at the fame iflet which we had formerly been upon, but by a betternbsp;paflirge than before. This lies a little more to the northward. Onnbsp;this day we finifhed what w’e intended ; got about fix hundred cocoa-nuts for the fliip’s ufe, and planted (which was our main bufinefs)nbsp;thirty-four bread-fruit trees, eighteen plantain and feveral evee appletrees, of which there were none before on the ifland : and if theynbsp;fiourifh, as there is fcarce a doubt but they wull, the benefit of themnbsp;may be found by fome poor cafl-away iflanders, or needy navigator.nbsp;At this time the tropic-birds were fitting on their eggs, and fo verynbsp;tame, that, had we pleafed, we might have caught many hundreds ofnbsp;them.

18th. Hazy weather prevented our feeing Savage ifland. On the 17th we came in fight of Eöoa, and next day moored fhip in thenbsp;harbour of Tongataboo in nine fathoms and a half, on a bottom ofnbsp;fine black fand, Mäkkahah ifland bearing N.N.E. i E. and Attatäanbsp;N.W. i W.

Before we had anchored, George Veefon, one of the miffionaries, came off, and informed us that the brethren were all well, Ifaac

April]

Nobs excepted ; and that, for reafons judged moft prudent, they had feparated into fmall parties, and were now with different chiefs.nbsp;Bowell and Harper were together with a chief named Vaarjee, whonbsp;refides at a place called Ardeo, Veefon with Mulicemar, a chief ofnbsp;the diftridt of Ahoge, thirty miles from Aheefo, and Cooper withnbsp;Mooree at Ahoge : the reft are ftill at Aheefo. But before I noticenbsp;our proceedings in the ftiip, it may be neceffary to infert a few extractsnbsp;from the journal of the miftionaries, written fince our departure.

April 15th. We were vifitcd by Tôogahowe, and many others ; we informed them of our want of more land and timber, which henbsp;inftantly faid we fliould have; he would fend a perfon to ftiew it us,nbsp;and when ready it ftiould be brought home for us. We were dif-appointed in not being able to vifit the ftiip once more, and fendnbsp;letters to our brethren at Otaheite.

Sunday i6th. About feven o’clock we had a prayer meeting, when brother Kelfo and Shelly engaged. As we had fitted up onenbsp;of our cuckoo clocks, the ftriking of it excited great furprife andnbsp;attention among the natives, who confidered it as a fpirit, on whichnbsp;account they would not touch it, and fuppofed, if they ftole anynbsp;thing, the bird fpirit would deteél them, which was not without itsnbsp;ufe. In the forenoon brother Buchanan preached from Jer. xxxii. 27.nbsp;Several of the natives were prefent, and behaved very quietly : in thenbsp;afternoon brother Kelfo, from 2 Theff. iii. i. John Connelly (the Irifli-man) paid us a vifit, accompanied by a brother of Fëenou Towago,nbsp;a chief who lay fick at Noogollifva ; who having heard that Amblernbsp;had a day or two ago emptied a cocoa-nut into a Japan pint pot, innbsp;order to drink the milk, fent his brother about fixteen miles to beg fuchnbsp;a one of us -, for without it, he was afraid he fhould not get wellnbsp;again. This requeft we inftantly complied with, and made a pro-

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mife to vifit him as foon as polhble, Futtafäihe fent a meflage by Connelly, entreating us to vifit him at Mooa ; but this we could notnbsp;comply with till we knew more of the language. Several of usnbsp;went out to look for the fliip., but faw nothing of her. Our patron,nbsp;Töogahowe, made us a prefent to-day of three pieces of land; twonbsp;uncultivated of about an acre each, and one about the fame fize wellnbsp;Rocked with yams and banana-trees : thefe, with the enclofurenbsp;where our houfe Rands, make about five acres. In the evening henbsp;fent us three baked hogs, a large quantity of yams, and a bundle ofnbsp;cloth.

¦ nbsp;nbsp;17th. Two of the brethren went to look for the fliip, but without

fuccefs. We fent Töogahowe a prefent of earthen-ware, two gimlets, and a few nails. Soon after he fent a meflcnger, requeRing us to gonbsp;and fing to him before he fet off for Noogollifva ; but as he was atnbsp;this time furrounded by fome hundreds who were drinking theirnbsp;morning kava, we declined going, and returned anfwer, that fingingnbsp;was a part of our worfliip, and we did not make a praólice of doingnbsp;it at other times ; which anfwer fatisfied him. He made inquiriesnbsp;concerning our clock ; but faid, he would not have Rich a fpirit innbsp;his houfe. Brother Harper made him a prefent of three fliawls ; andnbsp;foon after he fent us a' hog and fome yams. Some of our number werenbsp;employed in Rubbing up old bread-fruit trees, and otherwife preparingnbsp;our home enclofure for garden-feeds : the fecretary, Bowell, writingnbsp;a vocabulary of the language. In the afternoon the mother-in-lawnbsp;of Ambler, with her two daughters, came to fee us ; her hulband isnbsp;, commander in chief of the fleet of Töogahowe, and the moR flcilfulnbsp;failor on the ifland. She informed us, that if we fent to her whennbsp;in want of provifions, flie would readily fupply us. Glory to God,nbsp;we are not likely to know any want ; he gives us enough and tonbsp;fpare.

18th. After family worfliip we refumed our different employments. Several forts of feeds were fown, and more land prepared. A chief,nbsp;named Cofawer, brought us a hog and fome yams, and kindly in-

4

formed us, that whenever any of us went near his refidence, wc Ihould be welcome to what his plantation afforded. To-day Amblernbsp;left us to pay a vifit to Moomöoe, being firft equipped by us withnbsp;a fuit of clothes. Cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, amp;c. brought us by feveralnbsp;people during the day.

19th. B. Ambler returned again this morning, and informed us, that the old king Moomöoe expreffed fome furprife that none of usnbsp;had vifited him fince our landing, nor fent him a prefent. A fervantnbsp;from Fëenou Towago accompanied Ambler ; his mafter had fent himnbsp;'to beg a fork, a plate, an oil lamp, and fome red water (port wine).nbsp;Some of them, it appears, had fpread abroad, that the Pappa Langanbsp;Tongatas (which is the name we go by) had in their poffeffion fomenbsp;fmall things that gave better light than the nuts ftuck on the fplintersnbsp;of the cocoa-nut, which they ufedj and this had induced Towagonbsp;to fend for one.

In the time of relaxation from the bufinefs of the garden we met, and confidered the propriety of fome of our body going to vifitnbsp;Moomöoe and Futtafäihej when it was refolved that brothers Kelfonbsp;and Buchanan fhould on Monday next accompany Ambler, andnbsp;carry to each a prefent.

20th. Early this morning John Connelly took his leave to return to Futtafäihe, with whom he refides ; with him went the fervant ofnbsp;Towago with the fpecified prefents for his mailer. Our friendnbsp;Mytyle came, and requefted one of us to fhave him j which done,nbsp;he fet off for Eöoa, of which ifland he is the fupreme chief.

Our clock excites wondrous attention. Every tool we make ufe of attradls the notice of the fpeélators, with which we are commonlynbsp;iurrounded. Many of them will mutter out bitter regret and reflections on their own country, becaufe fo ignorant of the ingeniousnbsp;arts with which we are acquainted. A poor objeCl, with ulcersnbsp;round her wrifts of long handing, applied to us j and in about twonbsp;months we happily were able to cure her.

L'G97-

Defiring to prepare a forge, we endeavoured to form moulds for brick : and to procure lime, we attempted to burn fhells, whichnbsp;abound ; but found no convenient mode : we were able, however, to

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obtain fome from the natives, who ufe it to change the colour of their hair, and dive for the hone in deep water, which they afterwardsnbsp;burn. We fhall no doubt, in time, be furniflied with thefe thingsnbsp;fufficient to fupply our wants.

21 ft. We were vifited to-day by feveral, who brought fmall pre-fents of fruit, amp;c. Leboolo, a petty chief, came in the afternoon. This man is accounted the firft fpearman in the country, on whichnbsp;account Töogahowe has made him his chief warrior.

22d. In the courfe of this week we have dug and planted about a fixth part of our home plantation ; feveral old trees have been takennbsp;up, and an enclofure made for our hogs. Every employment wenbsp;engage in excites the attention of the natives, who are frequently fonbsp;troublefome, that we are neceftitated to drive them away. Found thenbsp;mufquitoes very unpleafant j fome confined with fore feet, attendednbsp;with great itching.

Sunday 23d. As ufual we had a prayer meeting this morning. About eight o’clock John Connelly paid us a vifit, bringing a finenbsp;hog and fome yams from Futtafaihe, who had alfo commiftionednbsp;him to make us an offer of any iflet we fhould choofe among thofcnbsp;which lie fcattered about Tongataboo, as feveral of them are his. Fiftinbsp;are in great plenty at thefe iflets, and during the hungry feafon willnbsp;be peculiarly ufeful to us. At half paft ten brother Buchanan dif-courfed from John, i. ; before he concluded, an old chief, namednbsp;Attar, came with fome kava and a bunch of bananas ; he andnbsp;his attendants fat quietly till the fervice was over j after which, beingnbsp;told the day was facred, he apologized for difturbing us, and tooknbsp;leave. In the afternoon brother Kelfo preached from Luke, xxii.nbsp;An inftance of a religious nature occurred to-day—the admiral ofnbsp;the fleet fet fail for Feejee in a large double canoe to fetch a fpirit (an

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

idol), as they term it, to cure old Moomöoe, who lies at the point of death j and long before the canoe returns, which cannot be in lefsnbsp;than two months, he muft be departed, and paft the fpirit’s charm.nbsp;Oh may the time be haftened when they lhall turn from thefe vanitiesnbsp;to ferve the living God !

24th. Early this morning brothers Kelfo and Buchanan went with John Connelly to pay a vilit to Futtafaihe and Moomöoe atnbsp;done without doors. A fifter of Fëenou Towago, named Onoadaier,nbsp;came to fee us, and in the afternoon fire fent us fome hoti. Hoti isnbsp;a difli very much in requcft among the chiefs, and is made in thenbsp;following manner : they firft pour cocoa-nut milk into a woodennbsp;bowl, then fcrape out the kernel with a llicll ; gee root is bruifed intonbsp;the milk, and remains till the latter has imbibed a delicious fwcetnefsnbsp;from it ; the root is then taken out of the milk, and the kernel mixednbsp;up with it, which we found a very rich mefs. Harper vifitednbsp;Moomöoe’s fia took a, about half a mile from the miflionary houfe atnbsp;Bunghye, a beautiful folitary place furrounded by toa and other trees,nbsp;on which hung vaft multitudes of bats as big as crows, called bynbsp;the natives beaker. Here he faw two houfes ; in one there was anbsp;quantity of fpears and warlike implements, facred to the Odooa, ornbsp;fpirit; in the other an image of a goddefs, called Fyëgâ ; to whomnbsp;they pray for a favourable feafon for making cloth.

25th. Onoadaier paid us another vifit this morning, and made us a mefs of hoti j which being done in our own houfe, gave us annbsp;opportunity of noticing the great cleanlinefs which they obferve thnbsp;their cookery. In the afternoon we were vifited by a young chiefnbsp;from Leefooka, called by Captain Cook, Leefooga; it is one of thenbsp;Hapae, or Harby iftands. His name is Foonoggc, and he is one of thenbsp;fineft made men we have yet feen. ' As Ambler has been frequentlynbsp;with him, he has learnt feveral Englilh words, wliich the youngnbsp;man fpeaks very plain. He indeed difeovered a furprifing facilitynbsp;to learn any word or letter which we fpoke, or pointed out to liim.

£36 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

26th. During the night we had copious fliowers of rain, and the wind blew frefh. About eight o’clock a chief brought us a pig andnbsp;twenty fine yams j in return for which we gave him a few articlesnbsp;of earthen-ware. A Ihort time after we received a fimilar prefent.nbsp;About ten o’clock brothers Buchanan and Kelfo returned fromnbsp;Noógóllifva, bringing with them fug ar-cane, dreffed fifh, pork, andnbsp;yams.

The following is a brief narration of their excurfion : “At half pail fix we took our departure from Goloobaloo, and after wading aboutnbsp;three quarters of a mile upon the beach got into a canoe, in whichnbsp;were three of Futtafaihe’s fervants to convey us to Noogollifva ;nbsp;wind and tide being againft us, we landed about five miles from ournbsp;journey’s end, and walking about an hour we came to the refidencenbsp;of Fëenou Töogahowe, who, furrounded by a circle of attendants,nbsp;was taking his morning’s kava. When we had gone through thenbsp;ufual falutations, and made him a prefent, we proceeded to fee hisnbsp;father, and found him removed to a new habitation, which was notnbsp;quite finifhed ; but twelve or fourteen men being at work upon it,nbsp;they completed it foon after our arrival. Poor Moomöoe feemednbsp;dangeroufly ill, and was furrounded by feveral of his wives, thenbsp;oldefi of whom is devoted to be firangled at his death. He feemednbsp;very well pleafed with the prefent we made him ; a piece of foapnbsp;was a part of it, which when he faw, he exprefied a wifh to benbsp;fiiaved, and was much gratified when it was done. Soon after thisnbsp;we were furnifhed with a mefs of fifh, yams, amp;c.

About ten o’clock we went to Futtafäihe, whom we found giving orders to get a large double canoe into a boat-houfe, fituated aboutnbsp;twenty yards from high-water mark. He received us with greatnbsp;affability and good-nature, bidding us welcome, and apologized fornbsp;the meannefs of the habitation, alfo for the fmallnefs of the prefentsnbsp;he had fent us ; the reafon of which, he faid, was our living at fonbsp;great a difiance from him. He received the prefent we made himnbsp;with much good-humour, and without the avidity fo remarkable in

many others. When we had partaken of the refrefhments he had provided, he took us to the beach, and fhewed us feveral iflands, anynbsp;of which, he faid, were at our fervice ; but he advifed againft goingnbsp;to examine them this afternoon, on account of the roughnefs of thenbsp;weather. Therefore, having a little time on our hands, we v if tednbsp;feveral other chiefs ; and being at laft fent for by Töogahowe, wenbsp;immediately waited upon him in company with Connelly, and foundnbsp;upon our arrival, that Moomooe had fent us a large baked hog andnbsp;fome yams. The hog was inftantly cut up with a fplinter of bamboo, and, together with the yams, divided among the chiefs whonbsp;were prefent ; and when we had fpent a proper time here we returnednbsp;again to Futtaf äihe, who had got a fowl ready dreffed for us : andnbsp;thus it was wherever we went, plentiful provifion was made. Whennbsp;we had fupped we retired to reft, but were rather difturbed by fomenbsp;old women, who were employed the whole night in beating the legsnbsp;of Futtafäihe. Next morning we rofe before daylight, intending tonbsp;vifit the iflands and make choice of one of them, but were detained for fome time by a mifunderftanding of Futtafäihe’s orders.nbsp;However, as the chief had been fent for to pay his laft vifit tonbsp;Moomöoe, fuppofed to be dying, by Connelly’s exertions we embarked in two canoes, with three natives in each to paddle us. Afternbsp;fome time we landed at a place called Hollifva, where we werenbsp;fliewn a well, which they informed us was dug by Captain Cook :nbsp;it is the largeft and deepeft we have feen in the country, but the waternbsp;is bad, and the land contiguous to it much encumbered with underwood. Thence crofting a creek, we came to an ifland callednbsp;Noogonoogo : here we breakfafted upon fifti and baked plantains atnbsp;the fir (I houfe we came to ; after which we made a tour round thenbsp;ifland, and found it, like that at Hollifva, abounding with underwood ; but it had a few plantations in good order, which feemed tonbsp;have coft the natives much labour, on which account we refufed tonbsp;accept of it.

23B nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

We therefore embarked again, and croffed to another, called Mâk-kahah; this we found well ftored with cocoa-nuts, plantains, breadfruit, and fugar-cane, alfo good frelh water. Upon the beach we found a curious coral rock, much refembling the flump of an oldnbsp;tree, about five feet high and four thick ; it was full of holes, innbsp;which were a great number of water-fnakes. The natives forbadnbsp;us to hurt them, and would fcarce fuffer them to be touched, fayingnbsp;they were agees ; which Jed us to fuppofe they were facred anirnals.nbsp;Thefe fnakes were about thirty inches long : the body, from head to tail,nbsp;is in circles of black and white alternately, each about half an inchnbsp;broad ; along the top of the back is a beautiful ultramarine blue.nbsp;Though not venomous, the natives reprefent them as dangerous, andnbsp;fay they will kill a man by twilling round his neck and biting a holenbsp;in his throat. We next examined another fmall ifland, called Faffâa,nbsp;where was plenty of bread-fruit, but little of any thing elfcj therefore, on our return, we made choice of Mâkkahah, and the few natives, about thirty in number, became our tenants ; from whom wenbsp;could afterwards draw whatever we wanted of the produce, or de-' mand their fifh, if we chofe it j or improve the ifland, by makingnbsp;what alterations in it we pleafed. We found Futtàfâihe Hill withnbsp;Moomôoe j he exprefled his approbation of our choice in a verynbsp;obliging manner, and informed us farther, that he had fet three men tonbsp;fit cordage to a fingle failing canoe, which he intended for our ufe.nbsp;Moomôoe was now incapable of turning himfelf, and appeared to benbsp;haftening fall to diflblution ; neverthelefs he defired us to fend himnbsp;a cuckoo clock, and a few of our number to fing pfalms fornbsp;him. We were greatly fliocked with the behaviour of Töogahowe,nbsp;who two days ago had caufed a young man (his own youngernbsp;brother) to be flrangled, that his father might recover. The vidlimnbsp;he had buried within a few yards of the houfe where we were, andnbsp;he now came to mourn over him, which he did by fitting upon thenbsp;grave with his elbows upon his knees, and covering his face with

TO THE SOHTH-SEx\ ISLANDS.

his hands remained a long time in filence, and then departed very thoughtful. After fupper Futtafaihe went to fit up with Moomöoe,nbsp;and we retired to reft ; and early next morning embarking in a canoe,nbsp;got home about nine o’clock.”

27th. It had rained hard during the night, which prevented us . from working in the day. A prefent of a turtle and fome yams camenbsp;from Noogollifva in Moomooe’s name : this is efteemed a valuablenbsp;prefent in this country. Several of our garden-feeds have now madenbsp;their appearance, and look exceedingly well ; but the rats and mice arenbsp;very deftruólive : our crops of peas have fallen a prey to their ravages,nbsp;and we are afraid the beans will ftiare the fame fate, except we findnbsp;fome means to deftroy or drive away thefe vermin. A blind chiefnbsp;vifited us to-day.

28th. Weather ftill wet. Great numbets of people are daily coming into our neighbourhood, bringing cloth, hogs, yams, amp;c.-to be difpofed of at the funeral of Moomöoe, whofe death is hourlynbsp;expedled. Temporary huts are conftruifting in every convenientnbsp;place near to Bunghye, which was the ufual refidence of the kingnbsp;(Moomöoe), and where his fiatooka is, which ftands about half anbsp;mile from our houfe. A young woman arrived at our houfe thisnbsp;morning, and gave an affèéling account of the fate of one ofnbsp;Moomöoe’s fons. The youth, it feems, lived at fome diftance from-Noogollifva, where the father lies fick, and by order of whom he was- ,nbsp;fent for, under pretence of having his little fingers cut off, a cuftomnbsp;common here, and done with a view to appeafe the anger of thenbsp;Odooa, that the fick perfon may recover, but, infad, that he mightnbsp;be ftranglecf. Upon the arrival of Colelallo he was fainted in anbsp;cordial manner by his elder brother Töogahowe, and foon after wentnbsp;to fee his father, whofe attendants feized upon him with a view tonbsp;ftrangle him inftantly, when he, gueffing their intention, faid, ifnbsp;they would ufe gentler means he would fubmit to his father’s will jnbsp;but tlrey continuing their violence, he by a great exertion beat themnbsp;off. Three feejee men were then called,, and thefe being joined, by a;

[1797-filler of the unfortunate Colelallo, they accomplifhed his death. Alas, how dreadful the darknefs that envelopes the minds of tholenbsp;poor heathens ! The prince of darknefs has imprelTed the idea onnbsp;them, that the firength of the perfon ft rang] cd will be transferrednbsp;into the fick, and recover him. Oh, when ftiall the happy periodnbsp;come when they lliall fay. What have we to do any more with idols ?

29th. Foonogge paid us a vifit this morning, and after him came our friend Mytyle, who informed us that Moomöoe had departednbsp;this life about four o’clock this morning. The people who palTednbsp;from Noogollifva, with their faces bruifed, and blood running downnbsp;their cheeks, were numerous : inllead of cloth they wore mattinground them, and a twig of the chefnut-tree about their necks ; this,nbsp;it feems, is their mourning drefs. About one o’clock Töogahowenbsp;arrived; and foon after Ambler, accompanied by brother Bowell, wentnbsp;to fee him. He was fitting in a fmall neat houfe, giving orders tonbsp;feveral chiefs who fat around him, concerning the procuring the vailnbsp;fupplies of hogs, amp;c. that will be confumed at the funeral. Aboutnbsp;three o’clock the body of the deceafed king was carried pall our houfe,nbsp;at a fmall dillance from the beach ; it was laid on a kind of bier madenbsp;of the boughs of trees, and fupported by about twenty men : feveralnbsp;relatives of the deceafed preceded the corpfe in their mourning drelfes, asnbsp;above ; fome of them had cut their heads with lhark’s teeth, and thenbsp;blood was running in llreams down their faces. Behind the corpfenbsp;was a multitude of people of both fexes. A female chief callednbsp;Fefene Duatonga, who is very corpulent, was carried on a kind ofnbsp;frame made of two long bamboos, between which flic fat on a piecenbsp;of matting, and was borne by four men. Near her Futtafaihenbsp;} walked ; and next them two women, who were devoted to benbsp;llrangled at the funeral : one was weeping, but the other appearednbsp;little concerned ; they both were wives of the deceafed. Some of usnbsp;followed them to the fiatooka, near which they depofited the bodynbsp;for the prefent, in a houfe carried thither for the purpofe, and whichnbsp;was hung round with black cloth. This fiatooka is fituated on a

May.]

fpot of ground about four acres. A mount rifes with a gentle flope about feven feet, and is about one hundred and twenty yards in circumference at the bafe j upon the top Hands a houfe neatly made,nbsp;which is about thirty feet long, and half that in width. The roofnbsp;is thatched, and the fides and ends left open. In the middle of thisnbsp;houfe is the grave, the fides, ends, and bottom of which are of coralnbsp;Hone, with a cover of the fame ; the floor of the houfe is of fmallnbsp;flones. The etoa and other trees grow round the fiatooka.

To the left of the tomb, and without the enclofure, fat about four hundred people : the major part of them were men, for whom yavanbsp;was brewing. Oppofite to thëfe were placed five large roafted hogs,nbsp;twenty bafleets of roafted yams, and about one hundred pieces of mainbsp;(or mahie), the four pafte. A few paces from the provifions fat fevennbsp;or eight men, who were tabooed, and exempt from cutting themfelves.nbsp;One of thefe gave orders concerning the difpofal of the hogs, yams,nbsp;and yava j all that drank of the latter were mentioned by name, by anbsp;perfon appointed to that office by Fefene Duatonga, who now feemednbsp;to have the management of the funeral. They did not forget us jnbsp;but in dealing out the liquor fent us each a part, which we gave tonbsp;the natives who fit by us. Perfons of both fexes feated themfelves innbsp;different parts of the ground, beating their faces dreadfully ; and afternbsp;having emptied two bowls of yava, difperfed,

30th. During the night great numbers of people were paffing and repaffing. Preaching by brothers Buchanan and Kelfo. Many ofnbsp;the natives crowded round our gate, and a few were adrnitted. Preparations for the funeral were carried on with unremitting diligencenbsp;by the natives.

May ift. Three roafted hogs were fent us this morning, one from Fefene Duatonga, one from Toogahowe, and the other fromnbsp;Feenou Lucalullo. In return we fent a prefent to Toogahowe only ; itnbsp;confifted of a cooper’s adze, an auger, a gouge, three gimlets, anbsp;plane, two chilfels, amp;c. Several drangers came to gratify their cii-riofity during the day, great numbers of whom ftood without the

I I

fence, noticing all our adlions. Futtafaihe paid us a vifit this morning for the firft time fince we have been on fliore ; one of the brethrennbsp;fliaved him, and whilft he was doing it the natives were afraid any ofnbsp;the hair fhould fall to the ground, in which cafe not one of themnbsp;would dare to eat under the roof again ; however, no accident of thatnbsp;kind happened. Great preparations are making at Bunghye for thenbsp;funeral; people flocking from all quarters with hogs, fruit, cloth,nbsp;fpears, and clubs.

ad. The crowd in our neighbourhood is prodigious, and alarming to us ; and we are informed they are likely to make a flay of two ornbsp;three months, in which time He alone who reigns on high knowsnbsp;what excefles they may run into towards us.

As the funeral was to take place to-day, brother Bowell went with Ambler to Bunghye to fee the ceremony, and found about four thou-fand perfons fitting round the place where the fiatooka ft a nd s. A fewnbsp;minutes after our arrival we heard a great Ihouting and blowing ofnbsp;conch-fhells at a fmall diftance ; foon after about an hundred men appeared, armed with clubs and fpears, and rufliing into the area,nbsp;began to cut and mangle themfelves in a moft dreadful manner;nbsp;many ftruck their heads violently with their clubs ; and the blows,nbsp;which might be heard thirty or forty yards off, they repeated till thenbsp;blood ran down in ftreams. Others who had fpears, thruft themnbsp;through their thighs, arms, and cheeks, all the while calling onnbsp;the deceafed in a moft affedting manner. A native of Feejee, whonbsp;had been a fervant of the deceafed, appeared quite frantic ; he enterednbsp;the area with fire in his hand, and having previoufly oiled his hair,nbsp;fet it on fire, and ran about with it all on flame. When they hadnbsp;fatisfied themfelves with this manner of torment, they fat down, beatnbsp;their faces with their fifts, and then retired. A fécond party wentnbsp;through the fame cruelties ; and after them a third entered, Ihoutingnbsp;and blowing the ftrells ; four of the foremoft held ftones which theynbsp;ul'ed to knock out their teeth ; thofe who blew the fliells cut theirnbsp;heads with them in a fliocking manner. A man that had a fpear run

May.]

it through his arm juft above the elbow, and with it fticking faft ran about the area for fome time. Another, who feemed to be a principalnbsp;chief, aéted as if quite bereft of his fenfes ; he ran to every corner ofnbsp;the area, and at each ftation beat his head with a club till the bloodnbsp;flowed down his flioulders. After this brother Bowell, fhocked, andnbsp;unable to bear the fcene any longer, returned home. Futtafaihe alfonbsp;came to our dwelling, and ftayed about two hours. At two o’clocknbsp;in the afternoon four of us went to the fiatooka, where the natives ofnbsp;both fexes were ftill at the dreadful work of cutting and manglingnbsp;themfelves. We had not been long there before we heard at anbsp;diftance, low but expreflive founds of the deepeft forrow and lamentation : this was a party of about one hundred and forty womennbsp;marching in fingle file, bearing each a bafket of fand ; eighty mennbsp;followed in the fame manner, with each two baflcets of coral fand,nbsp;and fung, as they marched, words importing, “ This is a blefling tonbsp;“ the dead;” and were anfwered in refponfes -by the women.nbsp;Another company of women brought a large quantity of cloth, andnbsp;anfwered in their turn to the above refponfes. Thus thefe three bandsnbsp;walked towards the tomb, filling or covering that part of the mountnbsp;between the houfe and the place where the corpfe lay, and the grave,nbsp;with fine mats and cloth ; after which, feven men blew conch-fhells,nbsp;whilft others fung in a doleful ftrain expreflive of the moft heart-feltnbsp;grief. The corpfe was now conveyed to the grave upon a large balenbsp;of black cloth, with which, and fine mats, they covered it. Thenbsp;bearers, as they went, walked ftooping low, and carrying the bale innbsp;their hands. Whilft thefe fervices were performing, a company ofnbsp;men and women came into the area, and cut themfelves dreadfully.nbsp;After them another file of females, nineteen in number, broughtnbsp;each a bag of their moft valuable articles ; and twenty-one more hadnbsp;each a fine mat in their hands, all of which they depofited in the’nbsp;tomb, being, as they call it, a prefent for the dead ; and immediatelynbsp;after came a prefent from Töogahowe, confifting of thirty-five balesnbsp;of cloth, each bale carried by four men on a frame. After the pre-

I I 2

Tents another party of mourners entered the area, fixteen of whom had recently cut their little fingers off: thefe were followed by anothernbsp;party with clubs and fpears, who beat themfelves as before defcribed,'nbsp;and disfigured their faces with cocoa-nut bulles fixed on the knucklesnbsp;of both hands. We noticed that thofe who had held offices, or werenbsp;related to the dcccafed, were the mold cruel to themfelves ; fome ofnbsp;whom thruft two, three, and even four fpears into their arms, and fonbsp;danced round the area, and fome broke the ends of the fpears in theirnbsp;flefii. The grave was covered with a hewn ftone about eight feetnbsp;long, four broad, and one thick : this ftone they had fufpended withnbsp;two large ropes, which went round two ftrong piles drove into thenbsp;ground at the end of the houfe, and thence led to the. area, wherenbsp;about two hundred men held by them ; and whilft they lowerednbsp;it flowly, women and children wept aloud, or fung words importing,nbsp;“ My father, my father ! the beft of chiefs, amp;c.” More cloth was

• then brought to be put into the tomb j and another party entered, and abufed themfelves as before. After thefe paroxyfms of grief they fatnbsp;awhile in filence ; and when they had pulled the rope clear off thenbsp;ftone which covered the grave, thofe on the mount gave a great fhout,nbsp;which was anfwered by a general tearing of the leaves from the necksnbsp;of all prefent j after which they difperfed.

3d. Several ftrangers vifited us this morning, many of whom are chiefs of confiderable influence : from them we received a fewnbsp;fmall prefents. The dreadful work of cutting and mangling wasnbsp;again renewed to-day with frefh vigour by the natives ; but on re-fletftion we did not think proper to go, and countenance by our prefence the cruel cuftoms of this poor deluded people. Except beingnbsp;crowded by natives round our enclofure, npthing material occurred onnbsp;the two following days ; but to prevent mifehief as much as in usnbsp;lay, we watched at nights, two at a time, though, thank God, wenbsp;have not as yet been molefted ; and our friend Töogahowe has threatened with death any man that fhould be detected in robbing us.

4th. Ambler, who had received from us various articles of

I

_May.]

wearing apparel, and a box to fecure them, pretended to be robbed by the natives, and contrived to have the empty box brought back ; but'nbsp;v/e fufpedled the cheat. He beat one of the women he lived with inhumanly, who ran away, and the friends of the. other carried her off;nbsp;yet though this fellow was fo wicked, he rendered us confiderablenbsp;fervice by inftrudling us in the language, as alfo did a young chiefnbsp;named Fynogge.

6th. Took a walk to Mooco, a fine elevated fpot near the beach, avith houfes and enclofures, belonging to Fêenou Towago, who laynbsp;fick. We ftaid with him about four hours. He made us a prefent of anbsp;fine American dog, an animal of which we flood in need. We received alfo a prefent from a great chief of the Harby iflands.

On our way we obferved the country, and the manner of fencing and cultivating their lands. It is in general level, laid out in fieldsnbsp;or fmaller enclofures, called abbeys, and fome ftill lefs, which fur-round the houfes, called ladöres. Their fences are reed, fet in anbsp;trench, plaited clofe, and faflened to flakes on the infide, whichnbsp;ftrike root and grow : they contain banana-trees, or yams, fet innbsp;rows three feet afunder, which were now ripe ; between the rows thenbsp;yava root was cultivated, or the talloo, another efculent root; butnbsp;they left the uncultivated parts very foul, and overgrown with weedsnbsp;and grafs. Their mode of working is to fquat down on their hams,nbsp;and hoe the ground with an inffrument of hard wood, about five feetnbsp;long, narrow, with fliarp edges, and pointed ; with this alfo theynbsp;dig it up.

In the evening Benjamin Ambler made ufe of very improper language to the brethren, and defired them to quit the abbey, and to fow no morenbsp;feeds. On this we applied to our friend and patron Töogahowe ;nbsp;Mytyle, who has rendered us fo many kind offices, accompanied us.nbsp;Töogahowe received us very cordially, faid he loved us and all ournbsp;brethren, and immediately gave us a pig and twenty fine yams ; andnbsp;when he had heard our complaint was very angry, and fent im-^nbsp;mediately for Ambler,, who came,, and notwithftanding his endea-

vours to palliate what he had faid, he received a fevere reproof from the chief, who told him that he had no right to our houfe, nor anynbsp;thing about us, and defired he would let us alone in future.

7th. This forenoon Futtafâihe, accompanied by two of his tuckongers (or counfellors), came, and ftaid about an hour with us,nbsp;then took their leave.

About ten A. M. brother Buchanan preached from Heb. xii. i.j in the afternoon brother Kelfo from Cant. i. and afterwards ad-miniftered the Lord’s flipper. As few of the natives were permittednbsp;within the enclofure, we were enabled to wait on the God of our fal-vation without diftradlion.

8th. Our friend Töogahowe, attended by a numerous retinue, brought us two pieces of cloth, and a fpade which we had given himnbsp;the week before j he now wanted it cut in pieces, to make fmall ironnbsp;tools ; this was done, and as the grindftone had been fitted up, theynbsp;¦were alfo Iharpened for him: having fome yava root by us, we gave itnbsp;to him, fo that while the bufinefs of the fpade was going on, they regaled themfelves over a bowl, and afterwards departed much pleafed.nbsp;Futtafâihe came to-day likewife, and brought with him a fine turtle.nbsp;More than twenty large double canoes arrived from the Harby iflands,nbsp;carrying upwards of fifty perfons each : in one of them was Morgannbsp;Bryan, an Irifhman, the former Ihipmate of Ambler and Connelly :nbsp;he had heard of our arrival fo early as about the time the fliip failed.nbsp;As foon as he landed he came and ftaid fome time, but during ournbsp;interview gave fuch fpecimens of depravity as excited a wifh for himnbsp;never more to come under our roof. A writing-book forgotten atnbsp;Feenou Toogahowe’s his wife firft denied, and then produced ftrippednbsp;of moft of the leaves.

9th. Several chiefs came to fee us this morning, and brought tools tobe Iharpened. Morgan came again to fee us, and to our grief wenbsp;are likely to have much of his company. Provifions in abundancenbsp;are ftill brought to Bunghye from all parts of the country. Strangersnbsp;likewife are vifiting the fiatooka of Moomöoe, \yhere they continue the

May.]

cruel mourning- ceremony, but not fo much now as a few days ago. . Morgan, who had in the morning requefted iron tools of us, whichnbsp;we did not think proper to give, took the liberty, in concert withnbsp;Ambler, to upbraid us, and to ufe fuch language as much hurt ournbsp;minds. Ambler well knew that our ftock of tools was much reduced,nbsp;yet he did not fcruple to fay, that, unlefs we complied with his re-queft, he would, before ten days elapfed, adopt means to fatisfy him-felf J and with this threat walked off. May He who has faid, “ Benbsp;“ not difmayed, I am thy God,” protect us with his almightynbsp;power from the machinations of thofe wicked men !

10th. About five A. M. brother Kelfo being on watch difcovered a man creeping through the fence ; he immediately ftruck the thief,nbsp;and repeated his blows till the man ran off. Mytyle being acquaintednbsp;with it, was very forry the fellow was not killed. A filter ofnbsp;Tôogahowe’s, named Fëenou Allawallo, fent us a fine hog andnbsp;eight balkets of yams, and feveral of her family followed, and ftaidnbsp;moft of the afternoon, which was rainy. In the evening Tôogahowenbsp;came himfelf, with a chief from Harby ; before he departed he received a coverlid from one of the brethren, with which he was highlynbsp;gratified.

nth. John Connelly informs us, that while the chiefs fat over the yava bowl this morning, he overheard them laying plans to embrace the firft opportunity to deprive us of all our poffeffions, but thatnbsp;they waited the return of the fhip, when they hoped we fliould receivenbsp;more articles. The truth of this report we have no reafon to doubt,nbsp;as we know there is not a man on the i fl and but would tell us uponnbsp;inquiry, that they are “ matdë monucka,” that is to fay, “ dyingnbsp;“ in love for our things.” This information gave us no fmall un-cafinefs, and led us to inquire what fteps were proper to be taken atnbsp;this critical jundure, and which was the path of duty. We knewnbsp;not the way of proceeding they might take to effed their purpofe ;nbsp;but as favages generally work themfelves up to fury on occafions ofnbsp;enterprife, we had but little hope that they would regard our lives.

After debating the fubjccf, we concluded the fafeft plan would be, to feparate, and, going two together, put ourfelves under the protedlionnbsp;ot the greateft chiefs, and place our property alfo under their care ; bynbsp;which means we might fecure our perfons, and, at lead, fave ournbsp;books ; but that we might have one place whereat to meet and commune together, it was judged proper that four of our number Ihouldnbsp;remain with Töogahowe.

In the afternoon brothers Bowell and Veefon, accompanied by Connelly, went in quell of Töogahowe, who feemed to difeovernbsp;little concern when he heard of our circumftances ; but wifhed thatnbsp;he might have his firare of the property, if we did feparate. Onnbsp;this we invited him to our habitation, and opened every box to hisnbsp;view, from every one of which he took fomething, by way of tithe,nbsp;and departed fatisfied.

12th. The night pafled quietly, and but few of the natives came near our fence ; however, the alarm of yefterday was by no meansnbsp;quelled. Töogahowe wiflied for us all to remain with him, the motives for which we could ealily fee through ; it appearing evident thatnbsp;he hoped to receive fomething confiderable on the return of the Ihip.nbsp;But the more we weighed the fubjedf, the more were we perfuadednbsp;of the impropriety of remaining together. We had witnefled a greatnbsp;wafle of provilions at the recent ceremonies, and which, by thenbsp;daily influx of flrangers, was likely to continue; this we were certain would be feverely felt in the fcarce feafon, which was fafl approaching. We had many articles in our poflfeflion which wouldnbsp;engage their affedtion and friendfhip. Except we feparated, we werenbsp;likely to be the principal fufferers,, it being much eafier for a chiefnbsp;to provide for two or four than for ten ; befides, we had hopes ofnbsp;acquiring the language with greater facility. We therefore waitednbsp;again upon Töogahowe, and acquainted him with our refolution :nbsp;he feemed willing we Ihould do as we pleafed ; but only feemed fo,nbsp;for we knew he was inwardly vexed about it. A chief named Mu-licemar was fpoken to, who agreed to take any two of our number.

May.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;to THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;249

We next addreflèd Fëenou Allawallo ; fhe is accounted the greateft chief of her family , is the lifter of Töogahowe and mother of Fêenounbsp;Towago. She faid that ftie would gladly take two of us, but thatnbsp;her brother was averfe to our leaving him ; that, as we had landednbsp;under his protedlion, he wifhed us to remain fo; and that he wouldnbsp;account the chief his enemy who attempted to entice us from him.nbsp;On this account flie advifed us only to vifit the chiefs at their houfes,nbsp;where we might make our ftay long or fhort, and fo return again j andnbsp;that at her houle we ftiould be always welcome. This advice we atnbsp;prefent adopted, and we refolved to wait as we were.

A great heiva or mai was performed at the fiatooka of Moomöoe ; firft by women in their beft garments and fineft mats' : pieces of quot;óurnbsp;cloth or filk were added as ornaments j the perfumed cocoa-nut oilnbsp;dropping from their hair. Two drums, and a vocal concert of mennbsp;fitting round, accompanied the women, who alfo fung and danced,nbsp;performing different evolutions in a moft graceful manner. An oldnbsp;chief at intervals called out, “ Fyfogee,” or. Encore ; and fometimesnbsp;“ MarSa,” or. Well done.

Great preparations were made this morning for what they call a mai, which was intended to be celebrated in the evening by women.nbsp;Upwards of one hundred and thirty hogs were roafted, and, withnbsp;three hundred baikets of yams, were diftributed by Töogahowe.nbsp;Seven hogs and as many bafkets of yams were fent us by differentnbsp;perfons. Our vifitors of rank were numerous.

As they are always in fearch for iron, a thief contrived to fteal our wafti-tub, took the hoops off, and concealed the ftaves in thenbsp;grafs. Thus we were deprived of the only utenfil we polTeffed ofnbsp;this kind.

14th. Divine fervice by brother Buchanan, from Heb. xii. 2. : afternoon, by brother Kelfo, from Rom. vi. 23.

To-day Töogahowe was vefted with the name and authority of Dugonagaboola, in the room of his father, Moomöoe, deceafed. Hisnbsp;name was now changed from Fëenou Töogahowe to that of Talliata-

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boo, the god of their family ; and we underftand that none of his fubjedfs muft in future addrefs him by his former name, on pain ofnbsp;death.

15th. Vaharta, a chief, vifited us, and brought us a hog, twenty yams, amp;c.

16th to the 21 ft. On Monday night we had a fevere tempe ft, , with copious fliowers of rain. Strangers ftill arc coming from thenbsp;Harby iflands and Vavao ; many of whom, as they arrive, go tonbsp;the fiatooka, and pay their tribute of refpedf to the deceafed, by cruelnbsp;inflidlions on their own bodies. The fcenes of joy and mourning now occupy their whole time : at prefent the diverfions of thenbsp;wpmen prevail ; and in a few days the men will commence theirs.nbsp;Thofe who come from diftant parts of this ifland are returning home,nbsp;on account of the difficulty of getting food at Bunghye. The diverfions and ceremonies, we fuppofe, will yet laft fome weeks, in whichnbsp;time we cannot expedt to make much improvement in our land.

On Sunday the 21ft, brother Buchanan difcourfed from his former . text; brother Kelfo, from Col. ii. 12.

22d. Prepared a piece of ground for turnips, which thrive better than any other feeds. Set fome peas and beans ; thofe we firft plantednbsp;were in blow in about two months. The peas were chiefly deftroyednbsp;by the rats, which abound here. Walked over the weftern part ofnbsp;the ifland, not more than a mile acrofs. The ffiore rocky ; a heavynbsp;furf upon it. Obferved the natives amufing themfelves with fwim-ming in the furf, and carried on the top of the wave ; this fportnbsp;they call fäneefö.

The men have begun their diverfions at Moomôoe’s fiatooka, and pradlife morning and evening in different parties, under differentnbsp;chiefs. Next Sunday is fixed for the cartonga lahie, or greatnbsp;toomai ; after which, we are informed, many of the people will dif-pcrfe, of which we fliall be heartily.glad..

28th. The great toomai was performed by men dreffed in their fineft robes, and mats ornamented with feathers, beads, ffiells, amp;c. ;

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

the drums called tarraffe founding, accompanied by a chorus of performers finging, and holding in their hands an inftrument like a paddle, called dobóche, about two feet and a half long, with a fliortnbsp;handle J making curious flourifhes, with corrcfponding motions, andnbsp;different attitudes; thofe around them joining in the chorus. Theynbsp;began in three lines, and fhifted by various evolutions, till thofe innbsp;the rear became the front, moving in exadt time, and with a gracefulnbsp;ilep. Some of our number make a pradtice of vifiting one or othernbsp;of the great chiefs every day, by whom we are treated with muchnbsp;affedlion, and they offer us any thing in their poffeflion. They takenbsp;great pains, and difplay much ingenuity, in endeavouring to makenbsp;us -underftand their language. Through the week we have had anbsp;mofl liberal fupply of provilions fent us, and have eleven hogs innbsp;our fly, more than we well know how to feed. Maintained our ufual,nbsp;worfhip ; brother Buchanan fpoke from Heb. xii. 2. Kelfo fromnbsp;Col. ii. 13.

29th. Two of our brethren being invited by Futtafäiheto Mooa, they fet off, and overtook him in about two miles, having reflednbsp;with his party to take their morning draught of kava ; they purfuednbsp;their journey in company. The Dooatonga being unwell was carriednbsp;by four porters, on a kind of litter. They proceeded not in the diredtnbsp;road by the beach, but turned to the right inland, and flopped at thenbsp;largeft houfe they had feen in the ifland, being one hundred andnbsp;eighteen feet by fifty-fix, and neatly thatched ; it is called Nafïöola,nbsp;and is about fix miles from ours. Here they refted about three hours,nbsp;during which they took a turn to Lego, as they call the weflern partnbsp;of the ifland, faw much land cultivated for yams, but more negledlednbsp;and overgrown with weeds. There were vaft groves of cocoa-nuts,nbsp;which grew on the bare rocks, even to the edge of the cliffs.nbsp;Below was a delightful fpring gufhing out of a rocky cavern, intanbsp;which, at high water, the fea flows. In the evening they went tonbsp;Tögamalöolo, a beautiful fpot at a little diflance from the road, where

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FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE * nbsp;[1797.

they fiept. Before the houfe was a large green area, and on each fide a fiatooka containing three tombs.

30th. Reached Mooa, the refidence of Futtafäihe ; they found the abbeys and ladöres of this village in a very ruinous condition,nbsp;and the fences much out of repair. Here are feveral houfes, whichnbsp;Connelly faid were fpirits^ houfes, where they found logs of wood,nbsp;flones, and bundles of rags, which were confidered as fpirits, beingnbsp;brought from the Feejee iHands. Thefe places are falling down,nbsp;but fo facred, they muft not be touched to repair them. Futtafäihe isnbsp;very fuperftitious, and himfelf eftecmed as an odooa or god; he is alfonbsp;much devoted to pleafure, finging, and dancing ; has feveral wives,nbsp;the firfi; women of the country ; one, the daughter of Moomöoe,nbsp;called Dooboumaofer : fhe has features and a complexion very like anbsp;European, as fhe feldom goes out of the houfe, or expofes herfelfnbsp;to the fun and air.

The lands about Mooa are ill cultivated, and overgrown with grafs and trafh ; though there are many beautiful abbeys planted with anbsp;variety of trees and flowering fhrubs of the moft delicious fragrance.

31ft. Very rainy and tempefluous. When it cleared up they walked out to fee the abbeys, canoes, amp;c. The fiatookas are remarkable. There lie the Futtafäihes for many generations, fome vaft andnbsp;ruinous, which is the cafe with the largeft ; the houfe on the topnbsp;of it is fallen, and the area and tomb itfelf overgrown with wood.andnbsp;weeds. Poulaho, the father of the prefent king, is faid to have'diednbsp;and been interred at Vavao.

The hiftory, if Ambler’s report is to be received, is this ; that Poulaho, but more efpecially his wife Mahoofe, of the Doubou family, were tyrannical in their government, difpoffefling the chiefsnbsp;arbitrarily, and rendering themfelves odious. Töogahowe was thennbsp;chief at E5oa. Her majefty, after Poulaho’s deceafe, difmiflèd himnbsp;from his poft, and nominated another. This he refented, and refufednbsp;to fubmit ; and told the meffenger he was a tooa, and not an ägee,

4

or chief, elfe he would have challenged him to fingle combat j but now he had only to depart with his train, or he would put him tonbsp;death. The wind blew a ftorm, but he hafted back to his miftrefs,nbsp;who inquired the reafon of his return in fuch a gale : he related hisnbsp;reception j and fhe replied, “ Töogahowe has a mind to be killed,nbsp;“ I will punifh his infolence.” Töogahowe meantime convened thenbsp;other chiefs, and urged them to join him in fupport of their privileges. The conflidl proved in their favour, and the queen wasnbsp;driven to Ahëefo, and took fhelter at a houfe near ours at Attaboo.nbsp;Here fhe fat with a garland of leaves about her neck, and a gôoter-koo in her mouth, which fignified, I crave mercy. Töogahowenbsp;was going to difpatch her with his tooca-tooca, or fpear, but wasnbsp;withheld by his followers j and fhe was fuffered to efcape to thenbsp;Harby i(lands, where fhe now lives in exile. Töogahowe, victorious, exercifed great cruelties on his enemies, tying fome to treesnbsp;and burning them alive, and making great dévaluations at the Harbynbsp;iflands. In a fight with the people of Vavao, his canoe outfailednbsp;the reft, and he fought them alone with fuch fury as gained thenbsp;victory, and raifed the fame of his military prowefs to the higheftnbsp;pitch J fo that he is univerfally dreaded and obeyed. Our miffion—nbsp;aries were witneffes to fome of Töogahowe’s fa vage conduct. Onenbsp;man who difpleafed him had his hand cut off on the fpot j and anothernbsp;was tied up with his arms extended, and two women were ordered withnbsp;lighted fticks to burn him under the arm-pits. Our brethren interceded for him, and happily refcucd him from this cruel punifhment.

June I ft. The brethren returned in a failing canoe to Ahëefo. Fut-tafâihe made them a prefent of a hog and twenty yams, and accompanied them to a fmall ifland in the bay called Mäkkahah, which he had given them.

At Ahëefo found feveral chiefs returning to their homes j one of them, named Möore, invited Cooper and Gaulton to accompany himnbsp;to Ahoge on a vifit, which they accepted. Several of the chiefsnbsp;have given us preffing invitations to refide with them, and have of-

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fcred us houfes, and whatever we can defire; fo that, whenever wc feparate, there is no fear of wanting an afylum.

4th. Spent the Lord’s day as ufual : partook of the holy communion.

5th. Bowell and Harper paid a vifit to Vaarjee, a chief of great influence in the diftriót of Ardeo : he informed us of fome of thenbsp;villanies of Morgan and Ambler, refpeóting feveral things they hadnbsp;Rolen from us -, and we met fome women drelfed in the fiolen things.

6th. Vaarjee led us a walk acrofs the country to his family fiatooka. Below the cliff are caverns on which the furf beats, andnbsp;the water gu flies back with furprifing violence.

7th. Bowell and Harper returned from Ardeo, highly pleafed with the treatment they had received. Vaarjee inquired earneftly ofnbsp;Mr. Bowell, if we had any who could aflifl women in difficult labours. Two of his fervants attended them with a large mat tonbsp;fleep on, and to afliire us of hogs and yams whenever we wantednbsp;them, and an invitation to come to him whenever we pleafed. Henbsp;lives about ten miles from us. His land is the beft cultivated wenbsp;have feen.; he has the largeft diftriól of any chief at Tonga ; and isnbsp;not obliged to furnifti Dugonagaboola with his produce. He employs a,great number of fervants in different occupations and labours.nbsp;At our return we found the materials ready, and laid at our gate, whichnbsp;Toogahowe had promifed to enlarge our dwelling. A mattock whichnbsp;we fometimes ufed took his fancy, and was given him. Mytylenbsp;objeéling to another ereólion within the abbey, we fet it up in annbsp;adjoining field, which we propofed to clear and cultivate.

10th. Heard that Fëenou Lukolallo was ill, and not likely to live. A pair of pantaloons were ftolen. Mytyle had ingratiated himfelfnbsp;with us, by his readinefs to teach us the language, and was a verynbsp;intelligent man, but we were forry to deteél; him in feveral pettynbsp;thefts.

iith. Spent the Lord’s day in our ufual manner. Futtafâihc vifiited us, and wifhed we would fliave him. We excufed ourfelves

June.]

from doing it, as we never did any manual labour on the odooa day. Our gracious Father has given us great acceptance in the fight of thisnbsp;people, who exprefs much furprife at obferving how different ournbsp;manners are from thofe of our countrymen, whofe time is fpent innbsp;idlenefs and profligacy. One of them has four wives, another three,nbsp;and the other two. With fuch men it is impoflible for us to maintainnbsp;any fellowfliip, and their envy and enmity we bitterly experience.

12th. This morning Lukolallo died j and Fenogge, a young chief, informed us that Morgan and Ambler had. been very induf-trious of late to irritate the minds of the natives againfl: us, tellingnbsp;them that we were only tooas (mean people), and that they werenbsp;agees (chiefs), and fons of the king of England. They had alfonbsp;recommended to them to attack and plunder us. After this we didnbsp;not think proper to flay in the houfe where we were, but to removenbsp;to one larger, which flood in the enclofure next to Dugonagaboola, tonbsp;which the chief readily confented, and all things except our hogsnbsp;were taken thither this evening. However, next day when we wentnbsp;to fetch them we found the fly broken, and but one remaining jnbsp;two were near the fly, and after the flriCtefl fearch we found onlynbsp;another : thus our flock was reduced from nine to four..

14th. Ambler and Morgan having heard that we fufpedled them' of having driven off our hogs, came to our houfe, and began to abufenbsp;US; and Morgan even kicked one of our number. Seeing themnbsp;determined to proceed further, a fcuflle enfued ; Morgan again flrucknbsp;with his club the perfon he had before kicked ; but the blow did nonbsp;great injury. They then defifled, finding themfelves overpowered,,nbsp;but not from uttering the mofl horrid execrations both on us and alfonbsp;on themfelves if they did not prove bitter enemies, and murder usnbsp;before morning..

In the evening we again met to confider further the propriety of remaining together ; when it was obferved, befides the reafon formerlynbsp;given, that we made lefs progrefs in the language than we fliould if

we had only natives to converfe with. After much converfation, there appeared, on a divifion, eight for partings again ft it two. Itnbsp;was then agreed, that a divifion of the public property fhould takenbsp;place. On acquainting Dugonagaboola with what we had done, henbsp;confented, and promifed to come to our houfe on the lyth, and receive a prefent which we had provided for him.

15th. A divifion of the public property took place. Morgan and Ambler came again to-day, but more peaceably difpofed. On thenbsp;16th Connelly came and afted his part. He wanted a clock fornbsp;Futtafäihe, and infilled upon having it, faying that it had been promifed before. But we could not think of complying with fuch pre-fumptuous demands, efpecially as we knew no fuch promife had evernbsp;been made; therefore he went away much difpleafed. Next day henbsp;came again, and received the fame anfwer. He then fwore he wouldnbsp;do us all the harm he could, and that he would murder the firft ofnbsp;us he could get into his power. Thus we experience perils amongnbsp;the heathen, but more from our own countrymen.

Sunday i8th. Buchanan preached from Pfalm Ixxiii. i, 2, 3. Kelfo, from Heb. iv. IO.

20th. Our vifitors are not half fo numerous now as they have been, owing in part to a funeral ceremony about three miles from ournbsp;habitation. This morning Mytyle fent his fervants with one ofnbsp;our loft hogs. Vaarjee’s funeral fervices ending, he told us he ftiouldnbsp;return in two nights j and, if we were ready to go with him, wouldnbsp;fend his fervants to remove our luggage ; to which we agreed, andnbsp;went to Attaboo to fee our garden ; only a few cabbage-plants hadnbsp;come up, which we tranfplanted. But Vaarjee being unexpectedlynbsp;detained four or five nights longer, we returned to our houfe atnbsp;Bunghye. Thither in the evening two chiefs brought a fine lad,nbsp;with his hands tied together with finnet, and wanted to barternbsp;(fuccatöw) him for an axe., We inquired what the lad had done, ifnbsp;he was ën .w, a bad boy j they faid. No, lille döono öofee, ällofy

faköw, Good for roafting yams and running errands. But we told them we were tabooed from all fuch iniquitous praólices as fellingnbsp;our fellow-creatures ; on which they carried him away,

24th. Went to vifit the fiatooka of Fcenou Lukolallo near the fea at Valoo : it is on a fine plain fiiaded with toa and other trees.nbsp;Several people fat round the grave, which was covered with blacknbsp;cloth, and remarkably clean and neat gt; we fat down to converfe withnbsp;them, and improve the opportunity for their inftruóHon. Theynbsp;fliewed us two logs of wood rudely carved in a human fhape, whichnbsp;they faid were odooas brought from Feejee. We told them thefenbsp;could not be fpirits, but mere pieces of wood fit only for the fire.nbsp;Nor did they feem, by the manner in which they tofiTed them about,nbsp;to have any idea of their fanftity. We have not yet found that theynbsp;have priefts, or any ftated ceremonial worflaip, but poflefs manynbsp;fuperftitious notions about fpirits ; and that by ftrangling fome relations of the chief when he is fick, the deity will be appeafed, andnbsp;he will recover.

25th. Divine fervice as ufual. Buchanan, i ThefiT. v. 9. Kelfo, Eph. iv. 9.

27th. 'Shelly and Nobbs accompanied Vaharlo to his houfe at Ahoge. This chief has fhewn a peculiar attachment-to us. Vaarjecnbsp;called on us in confequence of a meflage to him from Dugonagaboola,nbsp;who did not chufe we fliould leave him, or rather remove with ournbsp;cffeéls to another chief. However, on making him a prefent he con-fented, affured us of his cordial regard, and that whenever we camenbsp;to Ahëefo we fhould have a welcome reception with him.

28th. About a quarter paft three o’clock in the morning we were much alarmed by a fhock of an earthquake, which laftednbsp;about a minute, during which time the earth kept a continual trembling } it was fenfibly felt by us all. Our confternation on this oc-cafion was much increafed by the natives around us, who feemed quitenbsp;panic-ftruck, and fet up loud cries j and the furf on the beach made

a greater noife than we ever heard before. This we confidercd as a wonderful exertion of divine power, and a fign at which we beheldnbsp;thofe who dwell at the uttermoft parts of the earth tremble. Maynbsp;the time haften when they fhall learn to know and love Him of whomnbsp;they are afraid ! Early in the morning we were vifired by fome ofnbsp;the natives, to whom we mentioned the earthquake j the impreffion itnbsp;made upon them feemed to be but momentary ; they imputed it to thenbsp;odooa (or fpirit), of which they feem to have very confufed notions,nbsp;afcribing every thing to it which exceeds their comprehenfion, andnbsp;of which they know not the immediate caufe. Ambler fays that itnbsp;is the fourth fhock they have had fince he landed here about eighteennbsp;months ago. To-day brothers Bowell and Harper took their departure from us, and went to refide with Vaarjee, a principal chief atnbsp;Ardeo, about ten miles diftant.

29th. Bowell and Harper embarked with Vaarjee and his mother Duatonga Fefene, who feems the firft woman in the ifland, andnbsp;was going to Mooa. They landed at a fmall ifland in the bay, wherenbsp;they flept the firft night.

Nobbs and Shelly returned from Ahoge, where they had felt the earthquake as fenfibly as we had done, and attended with muchnbsp;the fame .circumftances. They report that they were treated withnbsp;the greateft kindnefs, not only by their friend, but by all with whomnbsp;they had any intercourfe ; as a proof whereof, they Brought two hogs,nbsp;two hundred yams, and fix bunches of cocoa-nuts.

30th. Finding Bowell and Harper reading’a book, their friend Vaarjee inquired what it faid ; they endeavoured to make him comprehend the facred fubjeét of which it treated, which he feemed tonbsp;underftand, and mentioned to his mother, who was fitting by. Theynbsp;embarked at eight o’clock ; the wind being againft them, they beatnbsp;up to Mooa, and were entertained for the night by Kanëer, a friendnbsp;of this chief. The next day, the 31ft, they arrived at Ardeo. Spentnbsp;the evening ia learning the language j their friend Vaarjee being an

July.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;259

excellent tutor, and improving every occurrence to make them acquainted with the meaning of words, and the names of things, in the cleareft manner.

J uly I ft. Dugonagaboola fent for brother Shelly, to inform him of his intended departure to Mooa on Monday next j and as he was appre-henfive that we might run ftiort of provifions in his abfence, henbsp;advifed us to accompany him thither, and offered to put our propertynbsp;into a place of fafety till his return, which he propofes in about twonbsp;moons, or rrionths ; but as we expert the fhip much fooner, we thoughtnbsp;it inexpedient to accept this favour. We could not, however, fuffi-ciently admire the goodnefs of God, who hath the hearts of all mennbsp;in his keeping, thus to incline this man to fuch a provident care overnbsp;us, notwithftanding the pains our advcrliiries have taken to incenfcnbsp;him againft us.

, Sunday 2d. Brother Buchanan preached in the morning from I Theff. V. 9, ; brother Kclfo, afternoon, from Matt, xxvii. 35. andnbsp;afterwards difpenfed the Lord’s fupper.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;• ’

3d. Brother Veefon went to refide with Mulicemar, in the diftriót of Ahoge. We now begin to fee fornething of the defigns of Providence in cafting us at our firft landing into the midft of fuch con-fufton and diforder as then filled us with apprehenfion for our fafety ;nbsp;he at that time not only made daily difplays of his almighty power,nbsp;and gracious care, in proteóling us from every threatening danger,nbsp;but, by colleéfing a vaft concourfe of ftrangers from every quarter,nbsp;both of Tongataboo and the adjacent iflands, and giving us favournbsp;in their fight, feems already to have opened a door for us to everynbsp;part of this extenfive group. We have received prefting invitationsnbsp;to feveral of the neighbouring iflands, which nothing but a want ofnbsp;the language has prevented us from accepting. But we hope by anbsp;diligent application to remove that obftacle : fo that we now look fornbsp;opportunities of promoting the glorious defign in which we are engaged, which at firft we little expedled. “ The Lord’s way is in

“ the fea, and his path in the great waters, and his footfteps are not “ known.”

4th. At feven in the morning, being nearly anfwerable to the time when we exped: our friends in London to be engaged in thenbsp;like exercife, we held our monthly prayer-meeting, and encouragednbsp;ourfelves with the thought that many of the Lord’s people were ear-neftly befeeching at a throne of grace in our behalf ; and truft it willnbsp;be no fmall comfort to them to know, that he has gracioufly heard,nbsp;and feems to be giving anfwers of peace, by continually bellowingnbsp;on us a rich fupply of every needful bieding.

In the afternoon we received a letter from brothers Bowell and Harper, acquainting us with their welfare.

7th. We were vifited by the wife and daughter of Möoe, a chief who refides at Ahoge, and to whom brothers Gaulton and Cooper hadnbsp;paid a vifit fome time ago. He at that time had given them a largenbsp;houfe and plantation, to induce them to refide with him, to whichnbsp;they confented j but, being fince prevented, his impatience excitednbsp;him to fend this meffage for them. They brought a hog and a largenbsp;quantity of yams.

This evening we felt another Ihock of an earthquake, but it was neither fo fenfible nor of fo long duration as the former.

8th. Brother Harper came to fee us, and fays that they are very comfortable at Ardeo with Vaarjee, who is anxious to indulge themnbsp;to the utmoft of his power, and has afligned them apartments whollynbsp;to themfelves, and is very ready and ufeful in inftruóling them in thenbsp;language.

Sunday the 9th, brother Buchanan preached from i ThelT. v. 9. j bïother Kelfo, from Gen. xxii. i.

10th. Brother Harper returned home this evening to Ardeo, accompanied by brother Wilkinfon.

12th. Laid out the grafs-plot before our houfe, with brother Wilkinfon’s help, in the European ftyle, with the garden j which

July.]

we began to cultivate. Taught Vaarjee’s men the method of digging the ground with fpades, and planted fome pine-apples. Vifited a chiefnbsp;called Töoboocoväloo, a relation of our friend ; were entertained withnbsp;great hofpitality, and received from him a fine fow in pig, and three-fcore yams, for which, in return, we gave him two or three tools,nbsp;and fome earthen plates. On the Lord’s day having told Töoboocoväloo that we did no work, and fpent the whole in the worfhip ofnbsp;God, he afked with much humour, whether we might eat on thatnbsp;day ; and having informed him, he very kindly fent us a baked hog,nbsp;on which we dined together : he gave us alfo a very fine myrtle andnbsp;other fhrubs, with pine-apples for our garden, which we planted.nbsp;Received alfo a parcel of garden-feeds and a fpade from Bunghye.

14th. After confiant and heavy rain, which lafied from morning until night with little intermifiion, we were vifited with the heaviefinbsp;fiorm of thunder and lightning which we have had fince our arrivalnbsp;OH the ifland ; however, fuch weather feems not fo frequent here asnbsp;might be expedled from the fituation of the country.

15th. The rain fiill continued very heavy all day. In the evening brother Wilkinfon returned home, having been kindly entertained bynbsp;our brethren at Ardeo. On his return he lofi his way, and was ex-pofed to fome danger j but the Lord, who keeps all our goings,nbsp;gracioufly preferved him.

16th, Sunday. Brother Buchanan difcourfed from Ifaiah, liv. 13. During the intervals of worfliip we heard a hideous outcrynbsp;of the natives towards Bunghye, and were afterwards informed that itnbsp;was occafioned by a number of men jufi arrived from Vavao, whonbsp;had repaired to Moomôoe’s tomb, to evince their affeélion and refpeólnbsp;by the fame cruel ceremonies as had been obferved at his funeral. Onbsp;that the falvation of Ifrael were come forth out of Zion ! When Godnbsp;brings back the captivity of this people, how will our hearts rejoice tonbsp;hear thefe horrid bowlings changed into fongs of praife to Him whonbsp;has redeemed his people from death, and ranfomed them from the

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power of the grave ! In the afternoon brother Kelfo preached from Dent, xxxii. 2.

17th. We were favoured with a vifit from brother Veefon, and a fon of Mulicemarj they brought a fine hog and yams with themnbsp;from that chief, and informed us of the death of Tamaifuma on thenbsp;13th in Rant : he was a chief of great repute for perfonal courage ;nbsp;and this circumftance our adverfaries feem to improve to fome pur-pofe againfl us, by making the natives believe that our God, innbsp;anfwer to our prayers, kills them. This being the third chief thatnbsp;has died fince our arrival, makes them fay they never died fo fallnbsp;before; and imputing all to the fame caufe, they fay, that if we continue pfaying and fin ging, there will not be a chief left alive. Thisnbsp;idea, which could only originate from the father of lies, working innbsp;thefe children of difobedience, feems calculated to create us fomenbsp;trouble j but Rill it is an unfpeakable comfort to rcflcCf, that it fliallnbsp;prevail no farther than is confident with the holy, wife, and graciousnbsp;defign of our heavenly Father, who, we doubt not, will make hisnbsp;ftrength perfedt in our weaknefs, fo that we may boldly fay, “ Thenbsp;“ Lord is our helper, we will not fear what man can do unto us.”

On the 18th the fame idea was mentioned to us by different per-fons i it feems to gain ground with them very faft, and our endeavours to perfuade them to the contrary are fruitlefs at prefent. In the forenoon brother Veefon took his leave; and on Saturday the 22d,nbsp;brother Bowell paid us a vifit. In the beginning of the week he hadnbsp;been at Mooa, where the greatefi: part of the inhabitants are at prefentnbsp;affemblcd for the celebration of the annual natche. There he foundnbsp;the minds of the people had received the fame dangerous impreffion,nbsp;and that our countrymen were the foie authors and propagators of it ;nbsp;the Lord, however, has gracioufly over-ruled it, fo that it has in fomenbsp;degree brought the mifehief they intended us upon their own heads.nbsp;When it was firft mentioned to brother Bowell, Vaarjee was prefent,nbsp;and was much difpleafed with the perfon who fpoke of it. Ambler

had alfo endeavoured to poifon the mind of Dugonagaboola, who heard him with great indignation, and hi/Ted him out of his prefence.nbsp;A few days after, this fellow quarrelled with one of the chief’s carpenters, whom he kicked on the breaft, and abufed him otherwife innbsp;a fhocking manner : on this he complained to his mailer, andnbsp;Ambler, inftead of making any acknowledgments for his conduól,nbsp;thought proper to juftify it in the mod; provoking manner j uponnbsp;which he ordered him from his prefence, threatening his life if henbsp;ever fhewed his face there more : -fince that we hear he has gone tonbsp;Futtafäihe; fo that Morgan, Connelly, and he, are all together,nbsp;and, we have no doubt, will be aélive in plotting farther mifchief :nbsp;thus their machinations were deftroyed without our interference.nbsp;How true is it, that the wrath of man fhall praife God, and the remainder of wrath he will reftrain, and that no weapon formed againftnbsp;his people fhall profper !

23d. Brother Buchanan preached in the morning from Ifaiah, liv. 13. Kelfo, from Deut, xxxii. 2. j after which brother Bowellnbsp;took his leave.

On the 26th, brother Shelly, who has had the care of our few medicines fince brother Harper left us, went to fee a woman who, with others, had eaten fome fifh of a poifonous nature, which was likely tonbsp;be, to her in particular, attended with bad confequences : an emeticnbsp;was adminiftered, which removed the caufe of the diforder, andnbsp;reftored the poor woman to health. According to the cuftom of thenbsp;country, he received his fee before he returned : this was a roaftednbsp;hog, which is generally killed as foon as the doófor arrives, who is ex-peded to wait till it is fufficiently roafted j it is then given to him :nbsp;but this being the firft inftance of the kind, like an inexperienced beginner who knew not the profits of his trade, he divided it chieflynbsp;betwixt the poor woman and her friends. It would be a valuable ac-quifition to this country, and might be a means of facilitating ournbsp;work, to have a good ftock of medicines, and afkilful perfon to applynbsp;them. The diforders which have principally come under our ob-

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fervation are, a dyfentery, of which the perfon is recovered; a dropfy, ot which we have feen but one cafe ; a diforder among the children,nbsp;which fpreads all over them like the fmall-pox, and feems of asnbsp;loathfome but more inveterate nature ; for we found one in this condition at our firft landing feveral months ago, and there feems no alteration upon him as yet ; its long continuance is probably owing tonbsp;improper treatment : we know not whether it be infectious. Whatnbsp;feems mod general is an ulcerous fore, to which they are very fub-jeCt. In one family of our acquaintance there are no lefs than fournbsp;perfons much affeCled by it : the poor man has loft the ufe of hisnbsp;limbs entirely, fo that he is not able to ftand upright, and manynbsp;parts of his body are affeCled ; and what renders his cafe trulynbsp;pitiable, his wife is in little better condition ; a great part of hernbsp;breafts is already confumed, and one leg and arm are very bad. Twonbsp;of their fervants are nearly in as bad a ftate as themfelves ; they havenbsp;often applied to us for aftiftance, which could we afford them, wouldnbsp;certainly raife us ftill higher in their efteem ; but at prefent we havenbsp;neither proper medicines, nor fkill to effeCl any thing this way.nbsp;In fome cafes we have feen old women apply the juice of the breadfruit, tied up in leaves, and made hot, with which they rubbed thenbsp;wound ; but it feemed to produce no good effect. As they have notnbsp;the leaft idea of phyfic, whatever diforder they are attacked with hasnbsp;its full courfe, and often proves fatal.

24th. The principal wife of Futtafaihe was delivered of her firft child, the fon and heir of his dominions ; on which occaffon verynbsp;confiderable prefents were made.

35th. The great enudee, or natche, defcribed by Cook, was held at Mooa. Men in proceflion carried a yam, fufpended on a pole ;nbsp;others, armed with fpears, .cried aloud to this effeCt, “ Take care tonbsp;“ keep the road clear;” and all paffengers ftood at a confiderablenbsp;diftance. Ambler affured us this was a thankfgiving to the odooanbsp;for the late ripe yams. We were invited to join the proceffion, butnbsp;did not chufe to make our Ihoulders bare, which was required, and

»

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to wear the jeejce, a wreath of the leaves of a Ihrub called jee, around our waift. Particular honour is paid to Futtafâihe on this occafion.nbsp;The fame ceremonies are repeated at the feafon of early ripe yams.nbsp;The ceremonial clofes with an amufement called fatarga/like cudgelplaying, being fingle combat with the limbs of the cocoa-nut tree.

26th. Vaarjee affifted us with all his people at our abbey in levelling the ground, and laying out and planting our garden.

27th. Our chief took a fécond wife, a daughter of Töoböocavällo. She was accompanied by large bales of anäddoo, or cloth, of Tongataboo. In the afternoon he went to finifh the funeral ceremoniesnbsp;for his brother, in celebrating the games ufual on that occafion. Hisnbsp;bride remained at home. We felt this afternoon a fenfible fliock of annbsp;earthquake at Ardeo j and, as ufual, the natives fcreamed. Thefenbsp;fhocks are common, and fomctimes, they informed us, fo violent asnbsp;to lhake down their trees and houfes.

30th. Brother Buchanan difcourfed from 2 Tim. ii. 3. j brother Kelfo, from Exodus, xxxiii. 18.

On Monday brothers Gaulton and Shelly went upon a vifit to Dugonagaboola at Mooa ; and in the afternoon Mooree (a chief) arrived from Ahoge, and brought with him two canoes, in order tonbsp;convey brother Cooper home. This he had promifed fome time ago;nbsp;but the fear that Dugonagaboola would be affronted at his taking anynbsp;of us from under his care, had till now deterred him.

Auguft iff. Early this morning Cooper and his friend Moorec took their departure : he is now the fourth of our number that hathnbsp;left us. What end the Lord may have in view by thus fcattering usnbsp;about, we know not ; but hope that it will tend to the advancement ofnbsp;his glory, by a more general diffufion of the gofpel over this benighted ifland. About funfet we had another fhock of an earthquake,nbsp;which lafted about a minute and a half, and was felt ov’er the wholenbsp;ifland. Ambler, we hear, is again in our neighbourhood.

On the 3d, brothers Gaulton and Shelly returned from Mooa, where they had met with brother Veefon, who was in health and highnbsp;M M

1*797-

favour with his friend j having lodged one night with him, they received a warm remonftrance for it next day from Dugonagaboola, who aflured them of a welcome at his houfe, and expected theynbsp;would make ufe of no other. After inquiring into our Rate at home,nbsp;and how we fared in his abfence, he informed them of what our vil-lanous countrymen had faid againft us, and exprefled his abhorrencenbsp;of them on account of it. On their way home they called at Ardeo,nbsp;where our brethren were well, and defired the whole body might meetnbsp;once a month for divine direction, and mutual counfel and encouragement in our work.

5th. Brother Bo well arrived in the evening ; and on fabbath-day brother Buchanan preached from a Tim. ii. 3.; in the afternoonnbsp;brother Kelfo, from Ifaiah, liii. 5. j after which he difpenfed the Lord’snbsp;fupper. It is furely an unfpcakablc favour that the Lord thus allows usnbsp;to hold our folemn feafts in this land, and from time to time is refrefh-ing us with his abundant goodnefs. If we had the happinefs of feeingnbsp;thefe poor creatures around us imprefled with a fenfe of their loft andnbsp;deplorable Rate by nature, and the excellency and fuitablenefs of thenbsp;Redeemer’s charader and falvation, which He has wrought, and the'nbsp;gofpel reveals ; if we could but once fee them compelled to come innbsp;and partake of our privileges, our joy would be full : however, it becomes us not to defpife the day of fmall things, but patiently to waitnbsp;for the falvation of the Lord : He hath fpoken good concerning us,nbsp;and hath done for us great things, which confirms our hope, that thenbsp;day is not far diftant when He will make bare his holy arm in thenbsp;fight of the nations, and theJEe ends of the earth fhall fee his falvation.

'yth. Brother Bowell determining to remain with us till our monthly prayer-meeting was over, we the next morning embraced thenbsp;opportunity of his prefence to hold a meeting of our little body, whennbsp;it was agreed that we fliould obferve a general meeting the firfl; Monday of every month : in the morning, for prayer and religious conference i and in the afternoon, for col le cl in g matter for the publicnbsp;journal, reporting progrefs in the language, and confulting with

3

each other on the moft probable means of carrying our defigns into effebh ; alfo that our abfent brethren fhould be made acquainted withnbsp;our defign, and invited to join us in it. It was alfo refolved to holdnbsp;a weekly prayer-meeting and conference in our refpeélive parties ; andnbsp;that the anniverfary of our embarkation, which is juft at hand,nbsp;Ihould be obferved as a day of public thankfgiving.

9th. In the evening we began our weekly meeting ; brother Kelfo opened it with praife and prayer, then read the fécond chapternbsp;of the firft of Peter, and fpoke from a part of it ; after which thenbsp;other brethren fpoke in rotation. That our attention might be morenbsp;particularly fixed on the fubjed, it was agreed, that, previous tonbsp;next week, the portion of fcripture to be then difcufted Ihould be madenbsp;known ; accordingly brother Buchanan propofed the fécond chapternbsp;of Ephefians. Brother Shelly concluded this prefent comfortable opportunity in the fame manner as it was begun.

ïOth. The anniverfary of our embarkation completes the firft year of our miffion, and the moft remarkable of our lives, wherein thenbsp;Lord has, in anfwer to the many prayers of his people, and, we hope,nbsp;for the accompli th ment of his gracious purpofes, given us numberlefsnbsp;manifeftations of his almighty power, his infinite wifdom, and unchangeable love. While upon the mighty waters we were the peculiarnbsp;objedls of his providential care and bounty. His prefence has beennbsp;with us in paffing through the fire and water j and though they oftennbsp;feemed to unite their rage and force againft us, and to threaten ournbsp;deftruftion every moment, they were not permitted to do us any harm.nbsp;Some of us, when all help feemed to fail, were raifed from thenbsp;opening grave, to praife him in our little aflembly s and we were allnbsp;brought in fafety to our defired haven, where his hand has been moftnbsp;wonderfully “ ftretched out ftill,” in opening a door of accefs for us bynbsp;the moft unexpcdled and improbable means j in giving us favour in thenbsp;fight of the heathen; in preferving us, though defencelefs and cxpofed,nbsp;from their rage and madnefs ; and in making all things fubfervient

M M Z

[1797. to his own moft gracious defigns ; in fruftrating the machinations,nbsp;and carrying headlong the counfels of our more heathenilh country-' men, making them produce the very oppofite effèéls from what theynbsp;intended. Lo ! thefe are a part of his ways j but if we would tell ofnbsp;all the wonderful things he has done for us, they are more than wenbsp;are able to exprefs. “ O that men would therefore praife the Lordnbsp;“ for his goodnefs, and declare his wonderful works to the childrennbsp;“of men!”

This day was rendered in fome meafure memorable by the lofs of a large axe, which W'as fnatched from one of the brethren while he wasnbsp;cutting fire-wood j and in the evening fome thieves broke into ournbsp;dwelling while we fiept, and rifling the firfl; box they came to, whichnbsp;held nothing but medicines, they had gone off with a quantity ofnbsp;bark, jalap, nitre, amp;c. j but thefe not fuiting their tafle, they leftnbsp;them in the yard, where we found them next morning, fo that theynbsp;got only a few clothes that lay upon the chefls.

nth. John Connelly fent to know whether we intended to inform Captain Wilfon of what had pafled between us and them, ob-ferving, that, if we did, it would reduce us to the greatefl flraits, as it would both prevent them from receiving thofe things they expeded,nbsp;and had promifed to the natives j and alfo effectually hinder their departure with him for China. This was accompanied with a hint ofnbsp;what we might expeól, if our conduóf was not fuitable to theirnbsp;wifhes. In anfwer we faid, that we neither wanted to injure nor tonbsp;quarrel with them; and if they chofe to go to China, we would benbsp;no hindrance to them.

12th. Dugonagaboola fent us a prefent of provifions, which was Very acceptable; but in the courfe of the day we received the mortifying intelligence, that he had accepted our large axe with much cordiality from the perfon who flole it ; and after fome compliments tonbsp;his dexterity, had fent him off to Vavao, to be out of the way whennbsp;the Ihip arrived. This action gave us an idea of what we might ex-

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peól when our intereft flood in any degree in competition with that of our noble friend ; and yet, Arrange as the contradiction feemed, allnbsp;our goods were every day in his power if he chofe to plunder us.

13th. Brother Buchanan preached from a Tim. ii. 3. ; and brother Kelfo, from Ifaiah, Iv. 6. The remainder of this week nothing remarkable happened till Saturday the 19th, when one of the nativesnbsp;brought us the reviving news of the fhip’s arrival at her former flation.nbsp;Three of our number, viz. brothers Kelfo, Buchanan, and Gaulton,nbsp;fet out in queft of a canoe to carry them to her ; but after a fruitlefsnbsp;endeavour to procure one, Buchanan and Gaulton determined to travelnbsp;by land, which brother Kelfo declined, ftill entertaining a hope ofnbsp;foon procuring a canoe. After travelling about feven miles along thenbsp;beach, they were met by a great number of the natives, one of whom,nbsp;prefented them with a note, which brother Bowell had difpatched fornbsp;their information at Ahëefo. This man had brought us feveralnbsp;meflages of the fame kind on former occafions ; and underflandingnbsp;the nature of it better than any of his countrymen, he had endeavoured to explain the ufe of it to thofe xvho were with him : this excited their curiofity to a degree which induced them to bear him company, in order to fee it delivered, and know thereby whether or notnbsp;what he faid was true. When they faw the joy which the openingnbsp;of it gave the brethren, they feemed flruck with amazement ; andnbsp;were perplexed in no fmall degree, when they perceived that bynbsp;means-of it they knew as well as themfelves that the fliip hadnbsp;arrived, and where flie lay. The whole company, together withnbsp;the bearer of the note, foon left the*brethren, inorder to return tonbsp;the fhip, for which they were fo eager, that nothing could inducenbsp;him to proceed to Ahëefo with the note. In the afternoon the twonbsp;brethren arrived at the fhip, and had the happinefs to find that all onnbsp;board had frefli ground whereon to ereét an Ebenezer to the Lord,nbsp;who had gracioufly helped them through many imminent dangers,nbsp;and preferved them from many evils wherewith theÿ had been fur-

FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

rounded. Surely his goodnefs exceeds all fearch. O for hearts formed to Ihew forth his praife !

20th, Brother Buchanan preached on board from Pfalm v. 12. j and brother Bowell in the afternoon.

On the 21 ft, early, many of the principal chiefs came on board, among whom was Futtafäihe, who, as foon as he faw brothernbsp;Buchanan, renewed his folicitations for him to go and live with him,nbsp;at the fame time reminding him of a promife to that purport, given onnbsp;our firft arrival, alfo of the feveral proofs of his favour fince bellowed jnbsp;and, with frefh aflurances of his love and efteem, promifed, on hisnbsp;part, to render every thing as agreeable as was in his power, and tonbsp;remove every obftacle, if brother Buchanan would but mention themnbsp;to him : this, however, at prefent he declined to do ; but the chiefnbsp;being well acquainted with the recent villany of Connelly (who hasnbsp;refided with him ever fince he came to the ifland) and his aflbciates,nbsp;Ambler and Morgan, alked if he was unwilling to live with Connelly, and being anfwered in the affirmative, he immediately pro-pofed to bind him hand and foot, and bring him on board j but thisnbsp;propofal was at this time rejedled, it being more defirable to Captainnbsp;Wilfon, and all concerned, that thefe fellows fhould come onboardnbsp;as they had promifed, and depart of their own accord. Brothernbsp;Buchanan could not help looking upon this as a plain call of Providence, and determined in his own mind to comply with it if henbsp;could find another brother willing to accompany him, and if the propofal alfo met with the approbation of Captain Wilfon, and thenbsp;brethren on board, which it did* Brother Gaulton readily confentednbsp;to be his partner. When their intention was communicated tonbsp;Futtafäihe, he exprelfed great fatisfadlion, and immediately invitednbsp;them to go on fliore, and chufe a place for their future refidence. Innbsp;the afternoon brother Shelly arrived from Ahëefo, and informed usnbsp;that the thieves had paid another vifit, and carried off a duck.

22d. Brother Gaulton went to j^hêefo, in order to bring his own

and brother Buchanan’s cheft, and other things, to Mooa, where Futtafäihe had given them their choice of a number of beautifuldwellings, fituated between his houfe and the lagoon, which runs intonbsp;that part of the country ; and after chufing one about two hundrednbsp;yards from his own, they returned on board.

23d. Connelly having heard of our being at Mooa yefterday with Futtafäihe, thought that our bufinefs had-been to take him and hisnbsp;companions on board ; he therefore came to fpeak to the captain concerning it, who informed him that he had no defire to proceed afternbsp;that manner J but if he and the others chofe to fhip as feamen, theynbsp;fliould havethe fame wages and treatment as his own failors had. gt;Tonbsp;this Connelly faid he would return an anfwer in fix days, in whichnbsp;time he would confult with his comrades.

Fefene Duatonga, the firft woman on the ifland, came on board with her principal lady in waiting : their hair was'plaftered up withnbsp;a compofition which very much refembled the powder and pomatumnbsp;of a finc-drefled London belle. Her feet, are kilTcd in token ofnbsp;homage by all who approach her; and fuch are her ideas of her ownnbsp;dignity, that fhe admits no fixed hufband as a companion, but cohabits with thofe of the chiefs whom flic pleafes to feleót, and hasnbsp;feveral children. A fine boy of about twelve years old attended her onnbsp;board. Several prefents of fciflars were made, which highly pleafednbsp;them; and when they left the fliip they jumped overboard, andnbsp;wafhed the fnow-white decoration from their hair before they paddlednbsp;on fhore with their canoe. Brother Wilkinfon brought off a finenbsp;bunch of turnips of their firfl: crop, which had been almofl: whollynbsp;deftroyed by the rats. They contrived a trap, in which they caughtnbsp;a great many, which were given to the women at their requeft, andnbsp;eaten raw as relifliing food. Sent fome cats to the miflionaries, thenbsp;firfl: which were ever introduced into the ifland.

a6th. The noble lady vifited the fhip to-day with two or three female attendants ; and the captain fent her on fhore highly delighted irt an elegant Englilh drefs which had been referved for fuch an occafion.

Our time this week was chiefly employed in dividing, and carrying to our relpedtive places of refldence, the part of the cargo which, innbsp;the divifion at Otaheite, had fallen to our Ihare. In it we found fuchnbsp;an immenfe quantity of ufeful and necelTary iron tools of all forts, asnbsp;far exceeded our greateft expectation, and filled the natives withnbsp;afloniihment. Our warmefh acknowledgments are due, and muftnbsp;fall infinitely Ihort of our obligations, to the divine Author of allnbsp;our mercies, who hath put it into the hearts of his people to provide,»nbsp;and of his honoured fervants, the directors, to beflow on us fonbsp;bountiful a fupply of every thing that could be devifed for our comfort, and the furtherance of the work in which we are engaged ;nbsp;but efpecially for the wonderful manner in which he has prepared,nbsp;brought forward, and preferved our dear captain, whom we cannotnbsp;but efleem as the greateft teftimony of the divine favour bellowednbsp;on our fociety. While on the voyage, the profperity and furtherance .

¦ of the work feemed to engrofs his whole attention. To his indulgent, care in procuring and allowing us every comfort that could be enjoyednbsp;by people in our circumftances, might be imputed that extraordinarynbsp;degree of health which we enjoyed. His counfel and advice has oftennbsp;guarded us from the intrufion of difeord. His converfation wasnbsp;wholly calculated to ftimulate our zeal. In our abfence he has beennbsp;mindful'of our interefts, and has effeélually prevented every complaint. The affability and kindnefs of his condudl among thenbsp;natives has won him their affeélions : and indeed in what we havenbsp;reafon to believe is his »principal aim, he has fucceeded wonderfully,nbsp;that is, to adorn the dodlrine of God our Saviour in all things.nbsp;May the Lord enable us to do likewife, and fill our hearts with gratitude to himfelf, and to all the inftruments of his unbounded good-nefs ! May we walk as children of fo many mercies ; and knowingnbsp;that we are but ftewards of thofe gifts of his providence for which wenbsp;muft ere long give an account, may we be led to devote ourfelves,nbsp;and all our enjoyments, to his praife and glory, that we may give innbsp;our account with joy in the day of our Lord Jefus !

TO THE SOUTHxSEA ISLANDS.

-t -z .Loo/Ihlirfo'iopiirfi: \ i 'ÎL^bnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;on vj oJ oî moi’)

Our dear friends and benefadors in the diredion may'.jùftiy look for fome account of this country, where the Lord in his gracious providence, through their inftrumentality, has placed us gt; and we thinknbsp;ourfelves bound, in gratitude to them, to furnifh them quot;mth the fulleftnbsp;information in our power : but in this attempt wequot; find ourfelVes muchnbsp;at a lofs for want of the Rev. Mr.f Great heed’s manufcript account ofnbsp;thefe iflands, which happened to be left at Otaheite, and which ifnbsp;we had brought with us, would have been ufeful in direfting our attention to feveral objefts which may have efcaped our notice. Not-withftandintr the numerous invitations we have received to vifit othernbsp;iflands of this group, we have not as yet feen it our duty to comply,nbsp;as, for want of the language, fuch vifits could be no way profitable tonbsp;the natives, and would have expofed us to fo many unnecefTarynbsp;temptations.

Our obfervations muff therefore be wholly confined to Tongataboo; . the fituation, extent, and produft of which are already fo well known,nbsp;that there remains but little to be faid concerning it. Captain Cook’snbsp;account is in general fo accurate as to render Very little addition or cor-reftion neceflary ; however, a fpace of mahy years which has elapfednbsp;fince his lafl: voyage, has produced fome changes which it may not benbsp;improper to communicate. On our arrival we found few of his oldnbsp;friends remaining, and their number has fince been reduced by death ;nbsp;but his name is ftill mentioned with great refpeft by many of theirnbsp;fuccefibrs, who recolleft his favours beftowed upon them when in a

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Rate of childhood, which they often relate in a manner that befpeaks them to be by no means deftitute of gratitude.

The government of Tongataboo is fo complex in itfelf, and the natives’ account of it fo different, each taking a particular pride innbsp;exalting his own chief above others, that it is difficult to come at anynbsp;certainty concerning it. The following appears to us moft confidentnbsp;with the truth.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' -' ’ '

This ifland bears an unrivalled fovereignty over the whole group, Feejee not excepted. The inhabitants of Feejee having long ago discovered this ifland, frequently invaded and committed great crueltiesnbsp;in it J but in an expedition which the Tonga people made again ftnbsp;them lately, under the command of Töogahowe, Filatonga, andnbsp;Cummavie, they completely routed and brought themjnto fubjedlion,nbsp;fo that they now pay tribute to Tongataboo on certain occafions, thenbsp;fame as the other iflands, of which we faw an inftancc at the death ofnbsp;Moomöoe. Tongataboo is divided into three large diflridts, viz.nbsp;Ahëefo, at the north-weft end, over which Dugonagaboola reigns withnbsp;abfolute fway. Mooa, the middle diftrieft, is under the fame fub-¦jeâion to Futtafäihej and Vaharlo has the fame power over Ahoge,nbsp;fituate at the fouth-eaft part, each claiming a right of difpofal over thenbsp;lives and property of his own fubjedls, which we have feen exercifednbsp;moft defpotically. Thefe diftridls are fubdivided into many fmallernbsp;ones, which have their refpedlive chiefs prefiding over them, and ex-ercife the fame authority as the fuperior chiefs, to whom they arenbsp;neverthelefs, in fome cafes, accountable for their conduct ; fo that thenbsp;whole refembles the ancient feudal fyftem of our anceftors. The government feems to have been formerly more in the hands of thenbsp;Futtafâihes than at prefent. Upon the death of the late Poulaho,nbsp;father of the prefent Futtafäihe, Duatonga being then a minor,nbsp;the intolerant ambition of his widow, Mahoofe, of the Toubou (ornbsp;rather Doubou) family, led her to attempt extending her power in fomenbsp;particulars further than any of her predeceffors had done. This wasnbsp;tamely fubmitted to by all the other chiefs, except Fëenou Töogahowe,

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now Dugonagaboola, fon of Moomöoe, and nephew of Fêenou, the celebrated friend of Cook : he at that time reigned over Eöoa, andnbsp;rcjeóting her propofals, declared war againft her, contrary to the re-monftrances of all his friends ; he however fucceeded, drove her entirely from this ifland to Vavao, whither he alfo followed, andnbsp;having reduced her to fubmiflion, left her there, where flie füll re-^nbsp;mains in a date of exile.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;lt;

The people fully anfwer to the mod favourable reprefentations the world has ever receivéd of• them ; for furely no appellationnbsp;was ever better applied than that given to them by our countrymen, of which they feem very proud, fince we made 'them acquainted with it, and very ftudious to render themfelves more de-ferving of it. They poflefs many excellent qualities, which, werenbsp;they enlightened with the knowledge of the gofpel, would rendernbsp;them the mod amiable people on earth ; for inftance, their bountynbsp;and liberality to drangers is very great, and their generofity to onenbsp;another unequalled. It is no uncommon thing for them to complainnbsp;they are dying of hunger, and, as foon as they receive a morfel, to dividenbsp;it among as many as are prefent, the fird receiver generally leavingnbsp;himfelf the fmallefl fhare, and often none at all. When they kill anbsp;hog, or make any mefs for themfelves, there is always a portion fentnbsp;to their friends, who return the favour as foon as their circumdancesnbsp;will admit j which keeps up a confiant friendly communication amongnbsp;them, and which we have never feen interrupted by any quarrel,nbsp;during a flay of more than four months.

Their honefly to one another feems unimpeachable, though we have no reafon to think the accounts of their difhonefly to drangersnbsp;exaggerated. The murder of children, and other horrid pradices,nbsp;which prevail among the Otaheiteans, are unheard of here. Theirnbsp;children are much indulged, and old age honoured and revered. Female chadity is not much edeemed among the lower orders, it beingnbsp;a common pradice with the chiefs, in our vifits to them, to offernbsp;fume of their females to deep with us ; the practices of our aban-

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cloned countrymen making them believe this a favour we could not-well do without. Our firft refufal feemed; to excite a furprife, but has generally prevented a fécond temptation from the fame perlon.nbsp;Unchaftity among females of rank, and efpecially after marriage, wenbsp;have heard is punilhed with feverity ; however, we have not as yetnbsp;knowri an inftance.

Their marriages are attended with very little ceremony ; the only one we have feen was that of Vaarjec, with whom brothers Bowel! andnbsp;Harper have been fome time refident. This was conduced in the following manner : A young female having attraéled his attention, henbsp;firft informed his mother that he wilhed to add her to the number of -his wives. She immediately communicated this to the djmfel’snbsp;father,, and the propofal meeting his approbation, he clothed her in anbsp;new garment, and with-attendants, and fuch a quantity of bakednbsp;hogs, yams, yava root, amp;c. as he could afford, lhe was fent to hernbsp;intended fpoufe, who being apprifed of her coming, feated himfelf innbsp;his houfe, and received her in the fame manner, and with as littlenbsp;emotion, as he would have done any other vifitor : feafting on thenbsp;provifipns, and a good draught qf yava, concluded the whole, andnbsp;the bride was at liberty (either to ret urn to her -father .till again fent for,nbsp;or to take up her refidence with her hufband, which-, in this inftance,'nbsp;lhe preferred. Polygamy/is in common practice 'among thé chiefs,nbsp;each of whom takes as- many wives as he pleafes j but they are entirenbsp;ftrangers to domeftic broils, which may, in a'great degree, be owingnbsp;to the abfolute power each man has over his own family, every womannbsp;being'fo much at her hulband’s difpofal, as renders her liable to benbsp;difearded on the fmalleft difpleafure.

Their deities are numerous ; and though we have hitherto been able to fay but little to them on this fubjedt, we have reafon to think theirnbsp;prejudices are ftrong. Every diftridl has its own deity; and eachnbsp;family of note has one, whom they confider as their peculiar patron.nbsp;Talliataboo is the god of Ahëefo, which being at prefent the moftnbsp;powerful, he is accounted a great warrior. Futtafaihe prefides over

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Mooa and Doobludha, Cartow over the diftridl of Ahoge/ each of which deities are on certain occafions reprefented by the feveral chiefsnbsp;of thofe diftriéls ; fo that we’ find their natches and other annualnbsp;exhibitions are not mere public amufements, but religious obfervances,nbsp;whereon they think the lives and health of their chiefs, for whomnbsp;they have great affedlion, entirely depend j as likewife the profperitynbsp;of the country in general : expeóling the fucceeding crop will be innbsp;proportion to the offerings made at thefe times. They have twonbsp;natches in the year, one when their yams are fet, to procure thenbsp;favour of Futtafäihej and the other when they gather them in, ex-preflSve of their gratitude. The winds they fuppofe to be under thenbsp;control of a female, called Calla Filatonga, who, they fay, is verynbsp;powerful, but is little regarded by them, and- is therefore fometimesnbsp;provoked to blow down their cocoa-nut, plantain, bread-fruit, andnbsp;other trees, and commits fuch ravages as oblige them to bring offerings of hogs, yams, and kava, in the moft humble and fubmiffivenbsp;manner, to a houfe facred to her, where a perfon is appointed to per-fonate her on the occafion, and receive the offering that is made. Thefenbsp;ftorms being very unfrequent, and generally over before appeafingnbsp;meafures are taken, the reprefentative is in little danger of beingnbsp;detedled of falfehood by returning'-a favourable anfwer. Thisnbsp;office of pèrfonator is only temporary, being always chofen for thenbsp;occafion.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' ,

We have feen no perfon among them that feems more religious than another, or any thing that could lead us to fuppofe therenbsp;is any fuch charadter as a priefl among them. In all- the offerings they make, each man kills and prefents his own facrifice. ' Theirnbsp;frequent earthquakes they account for by fuppofing the ifland refisnbsp;upon the fhoulders of a very powerfid deity called Mowee, who hasnbsp;fupported it for fuch a length of time as exceeds their conceptions.nbsp;This heavy burden often exhaufis his patience, and then he endeavours,nbsp;but in vain, to fhake it off ; which, however, never fails to excite anbsp;horrid outcry over the whole country, that lafis for fome time after

[1797« the Ihock is over : and we have fometimes feen them endeavour tonbsp;quell his difcontent, and reduce him to good behaviour, by beatingnbsp;the ground with large Ricks, Tongaloer, the god of the Iky, andnbsp;Fenoulonga, of the rain, they fuppofe to be males ; befides thefe, theynbsp;have a great many others of both fexes, whofe names we cannot enumerate, over earth, fea, and Iky, each aéling in their proper fphere, andnbsp;fometimes counteradling one another, according as intereft or inclinationnbsp;leads them. They alfo acknowledge the exiftence of a great number ofnbsp;ftrange gods, calling them by the general name of Fyga, among whomnbsp;they rank ours as the greateft ; and, when they think it will anfwer theirnbsp;purpofe, they will readily acknowledge him as far wifer, and in everynbsp;refpeól better than theirs, having taught us to make fo much betternbsp;Ihips, tools, cloth, amp;c. than they have ever been able to do. Befides thefe, they imagine every individual to be under the power andnbsp;control of a fpirit peculiar to himfelf, which they call odooa, whonbsp;interefis himfelf in all their concerns, but, like Calla Filatonga, isnbsp;little regarded till angry, when they think he inflids upon them allnbsp;the deadly diforders to which they are fubjeéf; and then, to appeafenbsp;him, the relations and other connexions of the afflided perfon, efpe-cially if he be a chief, run into all the inhuman practices of cuttingnbsp;oIF their little fingers, beating their faces, and tabooing themfelvesnbsp;from certain kinds of food. Human facrifices feem little innbsp;pradice ; the only vidirns to fuperftition which we have feen arenbsp;already mentioned in the cafe of Moomöoe ; though, at our arrival,nbsp;Ambler informed us, that when a great chief lay fick they oftennbsp;ftrangled their women, to the number of three or four at a time.nbsp;When the odooa is inexorable, the death of the perfon is inevitablenbsp;and fure, and the furviving friends feem for a fliort time inconfolable jnbsp;but their grief is foon changed into the oppofite extreme, and theynbsp;run into as great extravagances in their feafts as when the forrowfulnbsp;pallions prevailed they inflided on themfelves fufferings.

They believe the immortality of the foul, which at death, they fay, is immediately conveyed in a very large fall-failing canoe to a dillant

country, called Doobludha, which they defcribe as refembling the Mahometan paradife. They call the god of this region of pleafurenbsp;Higgolayo, and efteem him as the greateft and moft powerful of allnbsp;others, the reft being no better than fervants to him. This doélrine,nbsp;however, is wholly confined to the chiefs, for the tooas (or lowernbsp;order) can give no account whatever ; as they reckon the enjoyments- 'nbsp;of Doobludha above their capacity, fo they feem never to think ofnbsp;what may become of them after they have ferved the purpofes of thisnbsp;life. We have not been able to learn what ideas they form of thenbsp;origin of their exiftence, or any other parts of the creation ; whennbsp;fpoken to on thefe fubjeéls they feem quite loft j this may, however, be owing to the inaccuracy of our expreffions, arifing from annbsp;imperfeél knowledge of the language, which has hitherto preventednbsp;us from oppofing any of thofe grofs abfurdities. But we look forwardnbsp;to that happy day when the glorious fun of righteoufnefs wdl arife,.nbsp;and turn this fhadow of death into the morning.

The produce of this ifland is already fo well defcribed, that it feems unneceftary to fay thing of it here. We have been able to add verynbsp;little to it. Our feeds, which have been fown in different parts, bidnbsp;fair to do well : this induces us to think any kind of European feedsnbsp;would thrive here, were it not for the rats, which deftroy them asnbsp;they appear above ground. Rats, with hogs, dogs, and guanoes,nbsp;were the only quadrupeds we found here. The cattle left by Capt.nbsp;Cook have been all deftroyed fome years ago : the horfe and marenbsp;having been firft gored by the bull, gave the natives an idea of hisnbsp;furious temper, and put them in terror for themfelves ; therefore, tonbsp;prevent any bad accident taking place, they deftroyed him, withnbsp;the cow and three young ones, which, they informed us, were allnbsp;they had produced, except one young bull which had been previouflynbsp;taken to Feejee. Captain Wilfon, in his fécond vifit, has left usnbsp;eight goats, three cats, and an Englifh dog, of which the nativesnbsp;are very fond, and which we hope will be ufeful in their propernbsp;places. The death of a ram at Otaheite prevented us from receiving

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any fheep, which we cftecm a great lofs, as there is abundance of excellent food for thofe ufeful animals in the inoft neglected parts ofnbsp;this ifland, and they might in time prove a great advantage to thenbsp;natives, not only by fupplying their deficiency of food, from whichnbsp;many of them fuffer much at prefent, but by leading them into habitsnbsp;of induftry, to which they are ftrangers ; for though they are morenbsp;induftrious than moft of their neighbours fcattered about this fea, farnbsp;the greater part of their time is fpent in idlenefs. This conjecturenbsp;receives much ftrength from the earneft defire they exprefs for ournbsp;woollen clothes, efpecially blankets j which induces us to think, ifnbsp;they had the materials, and the leaft hint how to make ufe of them,nbsp;they would foon endeavour to manufacture them themfelves.

The foil is every where prolific, and confifis of a fine rich mould, upon an average about fourteen or fifteen inches deep, free from ftones,nbsp;except near the beach, where coral rocks appear above the furface.nbsp;Beneath this mould is a red loam four or five inches thick ; next is anbsp;very firong blue clay in fmall quantities ; and in fome places has beennbsp;found a black earth, which emits a very fragrant fmell refemblingnbsp;bergamot, but it foon evaporates when expofed to the air. The airnbsp;is pure and wholefome, much fharper in the winter than we expectednbsp;to have found it, efpecially when the wind is from the fouthward ;nbsp;but for want of a thermometer, which happened to be broken, wenbsp;have never been able to afeertain its true ftate.

But we muft conclude our prefent account, hoping our next will contain fomething more interefting and encouraging to our dear friends,nbsp;whofe prayers we earneftly entreat in our behalf ; for furely never mennbsp;in the world flood more in need of their afliïtance in this refpcfl thannbsp;we do. Our work is great, our ftrength is fmall, very weaknefs itfelf;nbsp;our enemies are crafty ànd powerful, but none we find fo dangerous asnbsp;thofe of our own houfe, thofe evil hearts of unbelief that are alwaysnbsp;ready to draw us from the God of our ftrength, who is the rock of ournbsp;falvation. But if God be for us, who can be againft us ? He bidsnbsp;us fear not : and we have not only the aflurance of his word, but

alfo the tcftimony of his providence, that he is with us, and will never leave us nor for fake us. Well then may we go on in divinenbsp;flrength, rejoicing in the profpccts of greater tribulations than wenbsp;have hitherto experienced^ or at prefent have in view ; trufting himnbsp;that in every conflidl which we may be called on to fuftain undernbsp;the banner of the glorious Captain of our falvation, we fhall grownbsp;ftronger and ftronger, and at length be brought oft' the field morenbsp;than conquerors through Him who hath loved us, and given himfelfnbsp;for us..

The Duft' is now unmooring. We feel all the anguifli that is con-fcquent upon a feparation of friends who are bound together by fuch endearing ties as fhall endure when thofe of nature ftiall be for evernbsp;diflblved. Befides our dear captain, we cannot but efteem many ofnbsp;the officers and crew as children of the fame family with ourfelves snbsp;all of whom, ourfelves, and all our concerns, both for time andnbsp;eternity, we defire to refign to the fovereign difpofal of our graciousnbsp;-heavenly Father, and to the word of his grace, which is able to keepnbsp;us from falling, and give us all an inheritance among them that arenbsp;fandtified through faith which is in Jefus Chrift. Farewell. Maynbsp;o;race, mercy, and peace be multiplied to all who love our Lord Jefusnbsp;Chrift in fincerity, and are feeking the advancement of his kingdomnbsp;and glory ! Amen.

J'ongatabQo Roads, Sept, Sth,

CHAPTER XVIL

Tranfanions at T^ongataboo during the Ship's Stay.

though repetitions would unavoidably occur by this plan, the incidents related as they happened would enable thofe interefted to form a better idea both of the natives and the real fituation of the miflion-aries, than by any other method I was able to purfue; for perhapsnbsp;from things which I might have palTed over, fome Ikilful friendnbsp;would draw ufeful and interefting inferences.

And as I have brought it up to the day we left thofe dear fervants of our blefled Lord, there remains but little to be faid concerningnbsp;what palTed at the fhip ; as during this flay, which was twenty days,nbsp;the whole was fpent in one continued intercourfe of friendihip andnbsp;fervice between us and the natives ; every day we were vifited by fomenbsp;or other of them ; they laid us in a very large fea-ftore of fine yams,nbsp;and as many hogs as we were willing to accept ; for the flock ofnbsp;thefe which we had brought from Otaheite was ftill fufficient to takenbsp;to fea. Some boars and fows of the larger fize we exchanged withnbsp;them for others, and had the fatisfadtion to hear that a fow thusnbsp;exchanged to Vaarjee, Bowell and Harper’s chief, had a few daysnbsp;after farrowed nine pigs. For articles of iron they will venture any thing. On our firft arrival an iron hoop was fiolen off thenbsp;windlafs end ; but as no perfon was fuffered to come on board till wenbsp;got it again, it was returned next day by Futtafäihe. Several othernbsp;things of lefs confequence were fiolen, but as the captain did not likenbsp;to break the harmony which fubfified for the fake of them, they werenbsp;never recovered. Among other things, the cook’s axe was fiojen^ and

Sept.]

to give our friends an idea of the fmall value of a few glittering guineas in the eyes of thefe people, when put in competition with a ufeful iron tool, the captain gave the cook ten new guineas to purchafe anothernbsp;axe from the natives •, but his endeavours to make fuch a purchafe werenbsp;vain, they only laughed at him for his offer. Befides iron, our cloth andnbsp;fmall blue and green beads were in high eflimation among them ; andnbsp;fome of them even defired us to bring fuch on our next vifit. Theynbsp;alfo valued nails, efpecially of the larger fort. But it may be obfervednbsp;that they are fo fcrupulous in dealing, that they generally hand for thenbsp;full value of every thing.

¦The captain was never on fhore, and each of us was only permitted one day at Mooa, for pleafure. As we refufed to have any di ver fionsnbsp;aófed for our entertainment, left the idea of pleafing might leadnbsp;them to exceffes inexcufable on our part, none of their cuftomsnbsp;of this nature were witneffed by us, but I fuppofe them to be fullynbsp;defcribed by Captain Cook. The day before we failed I went tonbsp;Mooa in the pinnace, accompanied by Mr. Falconer, Mr. Robfon,nbsp;and my brother James Wilfon. Several hundreds of the natives linednbsp;the fhore, part of them entreating us to go firft to Futtafâihe, andnbsp;the other part for us to vifit Dugonagaboola firft. As I had previouflynbsp;promifed the former, we repaired to him, and were received withnbsp;great ceremony j and when we had fpent fome time with him. wenbsp;vifited the other chief, whom we found near the beach, feated withnbsp;about an hundred others round a bowl of kava, part of whichnbsp;they offered to us j but the gee root only fuited our tafte. This, beingnbsp;what they conclude their morning’s repaft with, is fweet as fugar-cane, and greatly refembles it, being only a little more pafty. Bothnbsp;chiefs treated us well j Futtafâihe roafted a large hog for our dinner,nbsp;after which he accompanied us to the fiatookas of his anceftors : theynbsp;lie ranged in a line eaftward from his houfe, among a grove of trees,nbsp;and are many in number, and of different conftruótions : fome, in anbsp;fquare form, were not in the leaft raifed above the level of the common ground ; a row of large ftones formed the fides, and at each

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corner two high ftones were placed upright at right angles to each other, and in a line with their refpeólive fides : others were fuch asnbsp;the brethren defcribe that of Moomöoc to be : and a third fort werenbsp;built fquare like the firfh ; the largeft of which was at the bafe onenbsp;hundred and fifty-fix feet by one hundred and forty ; it had fournbsp;Heps from the bottom to thenbsp;top, that run quite round thenbsp;pile : one Hone comp ofc d thenbsp;height of each fiep, a part ofnbsp;it being funk in the ground jnbsp;and fome of thefe ftones in thenbsp;wall of the lower are immenfelynbsp;large; one, which I meafured,nbsp;was twenty-four feet by twelve,nbsp;and two feet thick ; thefe Futta-fâihe informed us were broughtnbsp;in double canoes from the iflandnbsp;of Lefooga. They arc coral ftone, and are hewn into a tolerablynbsp;good ftrape, both with refpeâ to the ftraightnefs of their fides andnbsp;flatnefs of their furfaces. They are now fo hardened by the weather,nbsp;that the great difficulty we had in breaking a fpecimen of one cornernbsp;made it not eafy to conjeélure how the labour of hewing them at firftnbsp;had been effedled ; as, by the marks of antiquity which fome ofnbsp;them bear, they muft have been built long before Tafman ffiewed thenbsp;natives an iron tool. Befides the trees which grow on the top and fidesnbsp;of moft of them, there are the etooa, and a variety of other trees aboutnbsp;them ; and thefe, together with the thoufands of bats which hangnbsp;on their branches, all contribute to the awful folemnity of thofe fe-pulchral manfions of the ancient chiefs. On our way back Futta-fäihe told us that all the fiatookas we had feen were built by hisnbsp;anceftors, who alfo lay interred in them ; and as there appeared nonbsp;reafon to doubt the truth of this, it proves that a fupreme power innbsp;the government of the ifland muft for many generations have been in

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the family of the Futtafäihes ; for though there were many fiatookas in the ifland, the brethren, who had feen moft of them, faid theynbsp;were not to be compared to thefe for magnitude, either in the pile ornbsp;the ftones which compofe them.

One of his wives was lying-in at this time, and we were con-duéled to the apartment where fhe was : it was extremely neat, and the floors were covered with mats. Both herfelf and the child had theirnbsp;fkins coloured with turmeric, which gave them a glittering appearance, and they faid this was their cuftom with women in childbed.nbsp;She had feveral female attendants j and though Futtafäihe has manynbsp;other children, all the people feemed elate and glad on this occafion.nbsp;During our flay we viflted feveral chiefs of both fexes, and receivednbsp;prefents from each of them. As the evening approached we tooknbsp;our leave, and returned to the fhip.

Mooa is a beautiful place, efpecially where Futtafaihe’s houfe flands. Proceeding from the lagoon about a quarter of a mile through fencednbsp;, lanes, a fpacious fquare green about half a furlong wide opens itfelf ;nbsp;at the farther end of which the dwelling flands : on the fame green,nbsp;which is as fmooth as if rolled, a few large fpreading trees grow innbsp;an irregular difpofition, which add much beauty to the feene. Onnbsp;the eafl fide is a neat fence enclofing the long grove where the fiatookasnbsp;fland J on the wefl are the dwellings of different chiefs in their enclo-fures } and along the north or lower fide of the fquare, the greatnbsp;road runs from one end of the ifland to the other : this road is innbsp;general about fix or feven yards wide, but eaflward from the green,nbsp;and for half a mile, it is not lefs than fixty yards wide. In this partnbsp;' there is a range of trees as large and fpreading as the largefl Engliflinbsp;oaks; and as their branches meet at the top, and quite exclude the fun’snbsp;rays, a pleafant walk is afforded by their fhade. Clofe by thefe,nbsp;brothers Buchanan and Gaulton are fituated.

CHAPTER XVIII.

Tonmat ab 00 to China.

On Thurfday morning, the yth of September, we weighed, and failing from Tongataboo by the northern paflagc, palTed clofe bynbsp;the fmall iflands of Honga Harpy and Honga Tonga ; thefe arenbsp;both moderately high, and appear fertile: at fourP.M. they borenbsp;E. S.E. twenty-two miles diftant. After which we fleered N.W. pernbsp;compafs one hundred and twenty-fix miles, and weft thirty-twonbsp;miles. Obferved at noon on the 8th in i8° 43' S. and fuppofednbsp;that a current was fetting us to the weft ward. From noon till halfnbsp;paft five P. M. we fteered W. by S. thirty-nine miles ; then hove tonbsp;for two iflands, the fouthernmoft of which bore S.W. j S. and thenbsp;northernmoft W. by N. diftance from the latter feven leagues. Thenbsp;former had a remarkable flat top, on which account we called itnbsp;Table ifland. A little before we hove to, the time-keeper gavenbsp;the longitude of the fhip i8a° 5' E. Before dark we could feenbsp;other iflands further to the -weftward, and fuppofed them either thenbsp;fame, or very near to thofe. Captain Bligh firft fell in with afternbsp;leaving Tofoa in the launch.

We had brilk gales and a hollow fea all the night j about fix hours we lay with the fhip’s head to the northward, then wore to thenbsp;fouthward till daylight ; in which laft fpace of time we muft havenbsp;paired clofe to a dangerous reef, named in the chart Providencenbsp;reef ; but as nothing of this kind was in fight before dark, we hadnbsp;jio apprehenfion of reefs lying in our way j and even when the daynbsp;broke we thought we had a clear fea, and at fix o’clock bore away,

287

and run W. N.W. about half an hour, when we difcovered feveral iflands befides thofe we had feen on the preceding evening ; andnbsp;perceived that extenfive reefs furrounded every one of them. Innbsp;viewing our fituation from aloft it appeared very critical, and occa-lioned the ifland ahead to be called Danger ifland. A little fromnbsp;this ifland S.E. lay three or four fmall iflets, and a coral reef extended about three or four miles S.E. from them. On our ftarboardnbsp;quarter another reef trended to the N. E. further than we could fee,nbsp;as the weather was hazy. Thus were we running diredlly for Dangernbsp;ifland, and leaving thofe extenfive reefs upon each quarter, whennbsp;the fight of many more iflands gave us reafon to fuppofe that tonbsp;attempt a palTage through them would be hazardous, if not impraticable. We hauled, therefore, our wind, fetwhat fail the fliip couldnbsp;bear, and tried to work out by the way we came in. The gale in-creafing, and the fea running very high, we had little hopes at firfl:nbsp;of gaining ground, or that the fhip would flay in fo heavy a fea.nbsp;However, fhe never miffed flays but once; the tide likewife appeared to be in our favour ; for, after making a few tacks, at halfnbsp;paft nine A.M. we paffed to windward of the S.E. reef, and floodnbsp;towards Table ifland. As we ran along we faw a large fpace tonbsp;leeward free from reefs, which almoft tempted us to bear away ; butnbsp;proceeding further, the iflands to the S. W. appeared conneded bynbsp;them. Therefore we determined to get to the north by the eaft ofnbsp;them ; though there is no doubt but, in fine weather, a paffagenbsp;'might be found as well here as among thofe through which wenbsp;afterwards had to thread the needle. All this day and the nightnbsp;was fpent in plying to windward. On the morning of the lothnbsp;paffed Providence reef, which is a fmall fpot, and bears eaft fromnbsp;the fouth end of Danger ifland. We afterwards paffed the north-eaftnbsp;reef, where once more we appeared to have a clear fea. Table andnbsp;Danger iflands, of which we had the neareft view, wore an afpeélnbsp;of fertility, having the loftieft hills covered with trees to their fum-mits. Obferved at noon in latitude 18° 23' S.

a

283 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

On the 12th at noon we were in latitude 16’ 42^ S. and longitude 180“ 30^ E. ; half an hour afterwards faw land bearing foutb, fornbsp;which we hauled up, wifliing to have fome intercourfe with thenbsp;natives. As we ran to the fouth we had a reef on the weather fidenbsp;juft in fight from the deck, and a low ifland on our lee beam bearingnbsp;W. by N. The wind being E. S. E. we juft weathered a reef lyingnbsp;eaftward from a fmall but high ifland ; and ftanding a little farther,nbsp;tacked Ihip clofe to the north-eaft reefs of what we called Sir Charlesnbsp;Middleton’s ifland, and chofe the ground between this and the beforementioned reef to fpend the night in, as we had the bearings ofnbsp;feveral iflands whereby to direct us clear of the furrounding danger.

At daybreak on the 13th we bore away, and ran along the north fide of Sir Charles Middleton’s ifland. There appeared no openingnbsp;through the reef, though one might perhaps be found fomewherenbsp;about the ifland, if diligently fought for; but on this fide there is none.nbsp;As we ran to the windward, compafs bearings were taken of thenbsp;iflands and reefs, to afeertain their relative fituations ; and to the chartnbsp;conftruefted from thefe, with the help of the time-keeper and latitude,nbsp;we muft refer thofe who may either have to fail this way, or whonbsp;would improve the geography of this part of the globe. Leavingnbsp;Middleton’s ifland, we fleered weft per compafs four or five leagues,nbsp;and pafl'cd clofe by what we called Maitland ifland. There werenbsp;natives on the beach with fpears in their hands ; and the ifland,nbsp;which was moderately high, feemed to abound in the commonnbsp;produce; but, like thofe ,we had already fecn, was quitefurrounded bynbsp;a reef. Therefore »failing thence W. N.W. about fix leagues further,nbsp;we came near to the caft end of another pretty large ifland, callednbsp;Rofs’s ifland, where we faw vaft numbers of natives afl'cmbled uponnbsp;the beach, and fmoke among the trees ; but they alfo were quitenbsp;fecure, being, like their neighbours, ftrongly fortified with a furrounding reef. Juft off here we obferved, latitude 16° 48^ S. andnbsp;longitude 180'’ 29^ per chronometer. Many larger iflands were innbsp;fight to leeward, which, from examination of Bligh’s narrative, we

Sept.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;289

fuppofed to lie N. E. from the large iHands, which he paffcd when the canoes chafed him.

From the maft-head we obferved a reef trending to the N.E. to weather which we hauled our wind to the northward j and paftingnbsp;it, ftood towards fome fmall iHands, which we called the Clufters.nbsp;As night approached, being furrounded with reefs and iflands on allnbsp;fidcs, we put the ïhip under an eafy fail, and cljole the moft clearnbsp;fpace to make fhort tacks in, till next morning. At fevcn o’clock anbsp;low iftand to windward bore E. by N. and the higheft of the Cluftersnbsp;bore S. S.W. ; the wind was eafterly, and the fea as fmooth as anbsp;river. At the above time we ftood to the S.E. by S. under the top-fails; and at .nine o’clock, no danger appearing, we thought ourfelvesnbsp;fafe J but we were prefently alarmed by the Ihip ftriking upon anbsp;coral reef, upon which the fea hardly broke, to give the leaft warning.nbsp;All hands were upon deck in an inftant, and, as Hie ftuck faft,-became under great apprehenfions of being fhipwrecked j a misfortunenbsp;which prefented itfelf with a thoufand frightful ideas. We knewnbsp;that the Feejees were cannibals of a fierce difpofition, and who hadnbsp;never had the leaft intercourfe with any voyagers ; confequently wcnbsp;could expeót no favour from fuch. Imagination, quick and fertilenbsp;.on fuch occafions, figured them dancing round us, while we werenbsp;roafted on .large fires. However, it was no time to indulge thoughtsnbsp;of this kind, but to try what could be done to fave the Ihip. Judgingnbsp;it to be a weather reef we were on, the moment Hie ftruck the failsnbsp;were hove aback, and in about five or fix minutes we beheld withnbsp;joy that Hie came aftern, and ftiortly after was quite afloat • whennbsp;we were again delivered;from our fears, and found the Hiip, whichnbsp;had kept upright the whole time, feemed tojiave received no injury.nbsp;It was not poflible to afeertain at fea what damage had been fuftained,nbsp;as fire made no water; but on her coming into dock, we difeoverednbsp;how very wonderfully we had been preferved. The coral rock onnbsp;which we ftruck was providentially direded exactly againft one of thenbsp;tiambers. The violence of the blow had beat, in the copper, deeplynbsp;p p

[1797-wounded the plank, and beat it to Iliivers. Had the fir ok e been between the ribs of the Ihip, it niuft have gone through, and wenbsp;had probably never returned to adore the Author of our mercies.nbsp;Thus the gracious Lord, who ftill guarded us with a Ihepherd’s care,nbsp;was pleafed to fhew us the infufficiency of human prudence; andnbsp;that, except we are kept by himfelf, “ the watchman waketh butnbsp;“ in vain.” O that he would give us hearts of gratitude andnbsp;thankfulnefs, in fome meafure proportioned to his daily mercies extended to us his unworthy creatures !

When the day flrewed us the dangers which lay hid on every fide, it appeared wonderful how we had efcaped fo well, and made usnbsp;very defirous to get clear of them as fall as pofiible. With thisnbsp;view we fleered N.N.W. betwixt feveral fmall reefs, not larger innbsp;circumference than the Ihip, and with fcarce a wafh of the fea uponnbsp;them. They féemed to extend on both fides of us, as far as wcnbsp;could fee. When we had palfcd thefe, and began to bring thenbsp;iHands aftern, we thought ourfelves quite clear, and were regretting that we could have no intercourfe with the inhabitants ;nbsp;who, we had no doubt, would have been willing to barter with us:,nbsp;had we found fafe anchorage for the fhip ; for with thefe people thenbsp;Friendly iflanders carry on a trade with the articles they got from us.nbsp;At nine A.M. another ifland came in fight to-the N.W. for whichnbsp;we Ihaped our courfe, to try if anchorage could be found near it 7nbsp;and the weather fide appearing on our approach to be clear of reefs,nbsp;it gave us hopes that the lee fide would be the fame ; but it provednbsp;other wife. At noon the body of the ifland bore fouth, diflant onenbsp;mile, and our latitude by obfervation 15° 4ft S. longitude per chronometer 180’25'E. Along this north fide, there being no reef, thenbsp;fea broke violently againfl the cliffs, which are high, and from thenbsp;face of them huge fragments have fallen off, and lie fcattered atnbsp;their bafe. Thefe cliffs, efpecially towards the north-wefl end, have anbsp;lefs fertile appearance than thofe we had already palfed ; but towardsnbsp;the eaft end the ifland wears a better afpeól j and at this part there

Sept.]

were natives and houfes upon the top of the hill. Probably there is low ground on the fouth-weft fide, where we intended to anchor ;nbsp;but coming to the north-well point, we faw a Ihoal clofe to us, andnbsp;a large flat ran S.W. off the ifland; upon which we hauled ournbsp;wind i and as this was the laffc we faw of this dangerous group, itnbsp;received the name of Farewell ifland.

Thefe are probably the fame as Tafman got entangled among, and which he calls Prince William’s illands : however, it may be ‘prefumed that but part of them have been yet feen by Europeans, asnbsp;it was evident that many large illands lay to the S.W. the nearefl ofnbsp;which we could but faintly diftinguifh, and fome were at a dillanccnbsp;from the tracks of Captain Bligh in the launch of the Bounty, andnbsp;afterwards in the Providence.

They doubtlefs are connedcd with thofe which the people at Tongataboo call the Feejees, as they lie in the diredion pointed out by them. In general they are high, and all we could diftinólly feenbsp;appeared fertile : the loftiell hills were woody to their fummits, andnbsp;on the top of feveral was abundance of cocoa-nut trees, which onnbsp;fome illands thrive only on the low ground ; nor is it here as atnbsp;Otaheite, where the middle region is commonly nothing but fun-burnt grafs ; for, from the beach to the top of the hills is one continued grove of trees, and many of them have fruitful Ikirts of lownbsp;land. The valleys of Middleton’s ifland appeared delightfully plea-fant, and mull abound in all the fruits and roots common to thefenbsp;parts of the world. In fome places we faw fpots of cultivated ground,nbsp;probably of kava.

Coral reefs furround every ifland, and thofe which lie near each other are connedled by them. Though there appeared to us to be nonbsp;openings through thefe reefs to the refpedlive illands they enclofe,nbsp;yet we cannot venture to fay that there is no fuch thing, but thinknbsp;it highly probable that by a more diligent fearch both openings andnbsp;anchorage might be found. But as the captain propofed makingnbsp;fome flay at the Pelew iflands, and had to reach China at a fpecified

C1797-

time, we could not with propriety delay longer here in fearch of an uncertainty. Where we paffed clofe we faw many inhabitants, andnbsp;have no doubt but that they are all well peopled -, and they muftnbsp;be an improved people in the favage ftate, for the natives of thenbsp;Friendly Iflands, who are unwilling to give place to any, acknowledge that the Feejees excel them in many ingenious works ; thatnbsp;they poffefs larger canoes, and are a brave, fighting people; butnbsp;abhor them for their deteflable pradfice of eating their unfortunatenbsp;prifoners. They ufe bows and arrows in war; and from the black-nefs of their complexion, and the difference of their language andnbsp;manners, they are evidently a diftindl race from the natives of thofenbsp;groups where millions are now eftablilhed.

16th. We obferved at noon in latitude 13° 13' S. and at five P.M. ¦faw the ifland of Rotumah, bearing N.W. by W. The weathernbsp;being at this time fqually, with rain, we hove to for the night.nbsp;At daylight next morning we bore away, and at half pall eightnbsp;o’clock were oppofite the north-eaft end, when feveral canoes camenbsp;off, containing from three to fix and feven perfons each. At firftnbsp;they were Ihy, and kept aloof ; but prefently fome bolder than thenbsp;reft ventured alongfide, and one with a fowl in his hand, taking holdnbsp;'of a rope, dropped himfelf into the water, and was hauled on board.nbsp;He made figns that he wanted an axe for the fowl, by which wenbsp;immediately knew that there muft have been friendly intercourfe between them and Captain Edwards of the Pandora, who difeoverednbsp;this ifland in Auguft 1791 ; but it is probable that they have beennbsp;vifited by none befides, as they now beheld us with much furprifenbsp;and wonder. This day happening to be Sunday, the rule we hadnbsp;conftantly obferved while in this fea prevented trade between us andnbsp;thefe people. However, this man received an axe, a few filh-hooks,nbsp;and other things, which made him leap for joy. Three others, encouraged by his good fortune, ventured after him, and fared equallynbsp;well ; and it appeared that many more would have come on board,nbsp;had they an opportunity ; for obferving that we fteered rather from

3

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

tlie ifland, they pointed towards a bay, as if defirous we flaould come to anchor. As we ran down the north fide there appeared a goodnbsp;bay near to the weft end, where, if the anchorage be fafe, fhipsnbsp;may ride flieltered from all but northerly winds ; and perhaps anbsp;fituation might be found to lie in the fame bay flieltered from thefcnbsp;alfo. This bay lies to windward of the higheft bluff hill, on thenbsp;weft end of the main ifland ; a high iflet lies diredlly north of thisnbsp;bluff hill, and they bear a great refemblance to each other, beingnbsp;both fteepeft on the north fide, Weftward of this laft lie threenbsp;more fmall iflets, the largeft of which appeared to be fplit in thenbsp;middle, as if broken by an earthquake.

The main ifland far exceeds in populoufnefs and fertility all that we had feen in this fea ; for in a fpace not more than a mile innbsp;length we counted about two hundred houfes next the beach, be-fides what the trees probably concealed from our view ; this was at thenbsp;call: end, and there was reafon to think al mo fl: every part of it equallynbsp;well inhabited. In the fhape and fize of their perfons we couldnbsp;diftinguifb no difference between them and the Friendly iflanders,nbsp;except that we thought them of a lighter colour, and fome differencenbsp;in the tattooing, having here the refemblance of birds and fi flics,nbsp;with circles and fpots upon their arms and flioulders : the latter arenbsp;feemingly intended to reprefent the heavenly bodies. Two or three ofnbsp;the women whom we faw were tattooed in this laft way : at Tongataboo they keep the upper parts clear of all tattooing. The womennbsp;here wear their hair long, have it dyed of a reddifh colour ; andnbsp;with a pigment of the fame, mixed with cocoa-nut oil, they rubnbsp;their neck and breaft. The men who were on board appeared tonbsp;have much of the flirewd, manly fenfe of the above people, andnbsp;many of their cuftoms. One of them made figns, that in cafes ofnbsp;mourning they cut their heads with fharks’ teeth, beat their cheeksnbsp;till they bled, and wounded themfelves with fpears; but that thenbsp;women only cut off the little fingers, the men being exempt from it j

29 i-' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

whereas at Tongataboo there is hardly man or woman but what has loft both.

Their Angle canoes (for we faw no double ones) were nearly the fame in all refpeóts as at the Friendly Illands, being of the famenbsp;Ihape, fewed together on the infide, and decorated in the fame mannernbsp;with fhells ; but, being rather Ihorter in proportion to their width,nbsp;feemed not fo neat and well fin ilia cd. The only weapons we fawnbsp;were fpears curioufty carved, and pointed with the bone of the ftingnbsp;ray. The natives exprefled great furprife and curiofity at the fightnbsp;of our fheep, goats, and cats. Hogs and fowls, they faid, they hadnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;»

in great plenty, which, added to the evidently fuperior fertility of the ifland, and the feeming cheerful and friendly difpofition of the natives,nbsp;makes this, in our opinion, the moft eligible place for fhips comingnbsp;from the eaftward, wanting refrefliments, to touch at : and withnbsp;regard to miflionary views, could one or two young men, fuch asnbsp;Crook, be found willing to devote their lives to the inftrudlion ofnbsp;perhaps five or fix thoufand poor heathen, there can hardly be anbsp;place where 'they could fettle with greater advantage, as there is foodnbsp;in abundance j and the ifland lying remote from others, can nevernbsp;be engaged in wars, except what broils may happen among them-

felves. Its latitude is i2‘’3i'S. and longitude 177° E.j its length, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*

in an eaft and weft direction, is not above four or five miles.

gt;

From Rotumah we fteered N.W. by W. to W. and W. by S. for eight days ; and as we hove to every night, we had reafon to thinknbsp;that no land lay within four or five leagues on each fide of our track.nbsp;At eight A. M. on the 25th, we faw land from the maft-head bearingnbsp;N.W. by N. and immediately fteered for it. The weather beingnbsp;gloomy, with drizzling rain, we had no obfervation for the latitude.nbsp;About five o’clock in the evening, as we drew near to the land, wenbsp;found that it confifted of ten or eleven feparate iHands, two or threenbsp;of which were of confiderable fize, and faw a canoe coming towardsnbsp;us, in which were two men: they approached within hail, but would

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

come no nearer ; they flood up and brandi died their paddles, and ufing many wild geflures, hooped and hallooed in a harfli tone, notnbsp;feemingly as a menace or defiance, but the effèól of furprife and anbsp;mixture of other paffions at fo wonderful a fight, having, in' allnbsp;probability, never beheld a fiiip before. They had baikets of fruitnbsp;in the canoe, and to them they frequently pointed, as if they wantednbsp;to barter them ; but if a conjedlure might be allowed, I Ihonldnbsp;rather think they meant them as offerings ; for if they really nevernbsp;did fee a fhip before, they could know nothing of our articles, nornbsp;their ufe or value. However, whatfoever they intended, fear keptnbsp;them at a di fiance, though we ufed every method to allure themnbsp;alongfide. Nine canoes more were now coming off, but they alfonbsp;adled with the fame caution and fear as the firft, keeping all together aftern of the fliip. When we had got pretty near to the ifiandnbsp;we tacked, and fliould have pafled through among them, had theynbsp;not perceived their fituation, and paddled to windward. After thisnbsp;they were making towards the largeft of the iflands, when a heavynbsp;fquall of wind and rain coming on, and obliging us to bear beforenbsp;it, we were fo near running over fome of them, that the men in onenbsp;fmall canoe jumped overboard and fwam to another. When thenbsp;fquall was over, we faw that they had all got near to the fhore,nbsp;and that the deferred canoe was not far from us ; we therefore floodnbsp;clofe to her and picked her up, hoping to have an opportunity ofnbsp;returning her the next day.

This canoe (and they all feemed to be alike) was about twelve or fourteen feet long, and about fifteen inches broad, made of one tree,nbsp;fharpened at the ends, and a little ornamented on the upper part :nbsp;the inffrument with which they had hollowed her had left marksnbsp;as if done with a gouge.

Having put the fhip under a fnug fail, we flood to the eaflward all the night, and at daybreak found we had drifted confiderably tonbsp;the fouthward ; but as we flill expedled to have fome intercourfe withnbsp;the natives, we fet fail, and plied to windward. About eleven A. M.

we were pretty near to the largeft ifland, when five canoes ventured ofF; but aéted with the fame caution as before, taking great care tonbsp;keep between us and the Ihore, to which they paddled after about artnbsp;hour’s fiay. Seeing them depart, we flood clofe in with a reefnbsp;which lies about half a mile from the beach, and feems to extendnbsp;fome diflance from the wefl end ; and probably the iflands are connected by it. Where we were, we found feven fathoms ; a flatnbsp;coral bottom. Finding that their fears prevailed over their curiofity,nbsp;and that we were likely to have no intercourfe with them, we lowerednbsp;the jolly-boat down, and intended to tow the canoe clofe to thenbsp;fliore, and there leave her with a few of our articles in her. Butnbsp;obferving that the Ihip could not get near enough to aid the boat innbsp;cafe of an attack, this defign was relinquiflied, and we immediatelynbsp;bore away.

The largefl of this group we named Difappointment ifland, and the whole clufler Duff’s Group ; they are about eleven in number,nbsp;lying in a direction S. E. and N.W. fourteen or fifteen miles ; innbsp;the middle are two larger iflands about fix miles in circumference ;nbsp;betwixt thefe lafl is a fmall iflet, and to the eaflward are three iflets,nbsp;two of which are round and high, the other flat and longifli. Onnbsp;the north-wefl‘part of the group are five or fix more; fome of themnbsp;high. At the eafl end of one is a remarkable rock in form of annbsp;obelifk. The fmall iflands are apparently barren ; but the two largeflnbsp;are entirely covered with wood, among 'which were feveral cocoa-nut trees ; but, on the whole, they had not the appearance of greatnbsp;fertility. The natives appeared flout and well made, with copper-coloured complexions ; their houfes are built clofe to each other, andnbsp;not difperfed, as we had been accuflomed to fee them: a horde of theirnbsp;dwellings was on the fouth-wefl fide of Difappointment ifland. Thenbsp;latitude of the latter is 9° 57' S. and longitude 167° E.

From Duff’s Group w'e fleered W. by S. thirteen or fourteen leagues, and on the following day obferved in latitude 10quot; 4' S. andnbsp;were then jufl lofing fight of the eaflernmofl of the group, bearing

TO THE SOUTH-SEA. ISLANDS.

about E. 13° N. when we again faw land in the fouth-weft quarter, and fleered for it, which proved to be Swallow ifland and Volcanonbsp;ifland ; and further to the S.W. we could difccrn Egmont ifland : allnbsp;thefe were difcovered by Captain Carteret. Be Tides thefe we difcovercdnbsp;a low ifland, which lies about S. S.W. from Volcano ifland, and fteerednbsp;to go between the two latter, but found that a reef ran -from thenbsp;fouth part of the low ifland ; to avoid which we hauled to thenbsp;fouthward, then bore away ; and fleering W. by S. about five leagues,nbsp;faw two more low iflands bearing about W. by N. diflant two ornbsp;three miles. As the moon was jufl now fetting, and we had reafonnbsp;to think running in the dark would be extremely dangerous, we hovenbsp;to with the fhip’s head towards Volcano ifland. Captain Carteret,nbsp;in his Narrative, fays, that they faw fmoke, but no flame, iffuing fromnbsp;this volcano : but as we paffed it clofe, and even when we were at anbsp;diflance, we beheld it cniitting a large and bright flame every tennbsp;minutes ; which was to me and many on board truly gratifying,nbsp;who had never before beheld fo grand a phenomenon. The heightnbsp;of this volcano is from the furface of the fea two thoufand feet andnbsp;upwards ; and its height is to its bafe in the proportion of one tonbsp;three; its circular form, with flraight fides and an apparently pointednbsp;top, gave us reafon to fuppofe that it had received this form by fuc-ceflive eruptions of lava ifluing from the crater, and running downnbsp;its fides : and perhaps if this ever was what naturalifls call a primitivenbsp;mountain, it might not originally be very high ; its being furroundednbsp;by low iflands, and its fimilar form to any common heap of matter,nbsp;naturally enough fuggefl fuch an idea.

28th. At fix A.M. we had the wefl fide of Volcano ifland in •one with the wefl end of Trevanion’s ifland, bearing, per compafs,nbsp;S. 22° E. At the fame time the eaflern extremity of Egmont (ornbsp;Guernfey) ifland bore S. 43° E. and the extremities of two low iflandsnbsp;north of us from N. 33° W. to N. 20° W. diflance of the volcano fivenbsp;miles. Hence I conclude Egmont ifland of far lefs extent than it isnbsp;faid to be by Captain Carteret. Variation 10° E.

lt;lt;

298 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

From fix A. M. till noon we fleered W. by N. by compafs twenty-three miles, and obferved in latitude lo” 2' S. and longitude, corrected from lunar fights and chronometer, 165° 5'E.; and at this time the volcano bore E. 29° S. j but we had reafon to think that anbsp;confiderable current fet to the northward. From noon we fleerednbsp;W. N.W. twenty-eight miles, and could jufl difeern Volcano iflandnbsp;through the haze ; probably, had the weather been clearer, we mightnbsp;have feen it farther off ; though even now we muff have been diftantnbsp;from it near twenty leagues.

On the 29th and 30th we had unfettled weather, with thunder, lightning, and rain. About noon we paffed to the fouthward ofnbsp;Stewart’s iflands : they are five in number, of no great extent, andnbsp;low. They were difeovered by Captain Hunter on his paffage tonbsp;Batavia, after the lofs of the Sirius ; their longitude we makenbsp;162° 30'' E. On the following day we paffed in fight of Newnbsp;Georgia, and faw no more land for feveral days. On the lOth ofnbsp;October we croffed the equator in longitude i52°E. where we hadnbsp;the winds prevailing generally from E. S. E, to N. E. and frelhnbsp;breezes. From the line to 6“ N. and betwixt the longitudes of 150°nbsp;and 140°, we found that the current often fet to the eaffwardj andnbsp;as we run down about ten degrees in the latitude of 7quot; N. we experienced many calms ; notwithftanding which we all enjoyed annbsp;almofl uninterrupted ftate of good health.

On the 23th we came in fight of a low ifland bearing W. by N. and prcfently perceived fome canoes coming towards us. Aboutnbsp;nine A.M. one came alongfide without the leaft fear or hefitation;nbsp;by which free behaviour we judged that they had been acquaintednbsp;with Europeans before; and their frequent mention of “ Capitaine”nbsp;confirmed this conjeClure. Thefe firfl were followed by feveralnbsp;more, who exchanged their fifliing-hooks (made of fhells) and lines,nbsp;and koir rope, amp;c. for any thing, that was given them ; and whennbsp;everal of them were admitted on board, they, for a confidei-ablenbsp;time, fhewed no inclination to fleal. However, thofe in the canoes

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

gave us reafon to alter the good opinion we had formed of them, by ftealing the rudder rings j a thing which the Ikilhil Friendly iflandersnbsp;had attempted in vain : and bcfides this, one fellow was caughtnbsp;handing a pump-fpear into his canoe. As we had been accuftomednbsp;to fuch matters, we only drove them off the decks for thefe firftnbsp;depredations ; but while we fat at dinner in the cabin, we heard themnbsp;at work trying to knock off the bolt-head of the rudder rings ; uponnbsp;which the captain fired fome fmall fhot among them, which madenbsp;them inftantly lheer off. Juft at this time William Tucker and Johnnbsp;Connelly were difcovered fwimming clofe under the ftern, with anbsp;view to make their efcape to the canoes, and by their Ikulking appeared afraid of being fired at likewife ; but the captain, enraged atnbsp;the former for his ingratitude and deceit, and willing to part withnbsp;the latter, told them, that if they chofe to go they might, for henbsp;would not fire at them. Connelly anfwered, “ Thank you. Sir/’nbsp;and they both fwam to the canoes, and were received by the favagesnbsp;with great ftioutings. Soon after, a breeze fpringing up from thenbsp;N. E. we refumed our courfe, and left them behind. Connelly wenbsp;had brought by force from Tongataboo for threatening the miflionaries.nbsp;During his ftay on board he had conduóled himfelf quietly, andnbsp;being put on the ftiip’s books as an ordinary feaman, feemed to benbsp;content in his fituation, till this laft action proved his hypocrify.nbsp;The fame might be faid of Tucker, who being alfo reinftated, hadnbsp;often faid that he was happy that he had been taken again afternbsp;running from the fliip at Otaheite ; and perhaps he fpoke his fenti-ments, as there was reafon to believe that Connelly had perfuadednbsp;him to this laft refolution. If Connelly was really a Botany baynbsp;conviât (as w'e have fince heard), we may fuppofe him to have beennbsp;aótuated by two motives, the fear of work, and the fear of punifh-ment if caught in England j and as for Tucker, his conduól hadnbsp;long made it evident that he was under the abfolute rule of his fen-fual paflions ; which is the more to be lamented for the fake of annbsp;excellent mother, of whom he was the only fon. This fpot', on

which they have chofen to pafs their days, is but a i'mall ifland on the bofom of the deep, being not more than two or three miles innbsp;circumference, and where the comforts and neceflaries of life feemnbsp;fo fcarce, that we had reafon to think their whole fubfiftence con-lifted only of fifli and roots, cocoa-nut, and perhaps the breadfruit.

The natives are not a ftout race; their complexion is a dark copper; their difpofitions lively. We faw no women. Their canoes differnbsp;from all we had met before, being raifed high at each end, andnbsp;painted red: they have outriggers, and fail either end foremoft.nbsp;Their fails are made nearly in the fame manner as the fingle failing.nbsp;canoes of the Friendly Iflands. The latitude of the ifland is 7° zz' N.nbsp;and longitude 146° 48' E. We named it from the runaway, ‘Mucker'snbsp;ißand.

With light airs of wind from the N. E. we proceeded on our courfe to the weft ward, leaving Tucker and his companion to refledl uponnbsp;the unhappy choice they had made ; a choice, to all appearance, fonbsp;replete with wretchednefs, that we did not imagine a third perfonnbsp;could be found willing to follow their example : but fuch is thenbsp;prevalence of habit, and the enervating influence of idlenefs over thenbsp;mind, that Andrew Cornelius Lind came to the captain, and beggednbsp;earneftly to be fet on fliore upon the next ifland we fliould difeover.nbsp;To this requeft not only confent was given, but likewife a promife tonbsp;let him have a feledlion of ufeful articles wherewith to benefit the natives, and the better to introduce and give him importance amongnbsp;them.

26th. When we had got about ten leagues farther weftward, at midnight we faw another ifland bearing N. and at four A. M. faw twonbsp;more to the N. W. and as the day broke fhortly after, we counted fixnbsp;of thefe low iflands, the extreme points bearing from N. W. by N.nbsp;to N. E.byE. : for the moft foutherly of thefe we fleered, and foonnbsp;had a great number of canoes about the Ihip, into one of whichnbsp;Andrew, after taking leave of his Ihipmates, went, and was received

. October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;501

with joy by the favages. The canoe that took him in foon put off, and, as they paddled away, he flood up and waved his hand, feem-ingly more elated than depreffed by his change of fit nation. The indolent life he had led at Otaheite, the unobftruóted eafe with whichnbsp;all his fenfual appetites had been gratified there, with his averfion tonbsp;labour, and the profped; of its ncccflity, which a return to Europenbsp;held up to his view, ftrongly urged him to prefer a lazy favagenbsp;life upon thefe unpromifing iflands to his native Sweden, which henbsp;knew to have advantages only for the induflrions. The following arenbsp;the articles which the captain gave him: viz. two hand-faws, twonbsp;hatchets, one hammer, ten looking-glalTes, eighteen knives, threenbsp;hundred deck nails, two razors, and fome trifles befides ; thefe, withnbsp;what he had of his own, particularly a bible, will, no doubt, makenbsp;him an acquifition to the natives, and may like wife be the means ofnbsp;rendering fervice to the other two, whom it was our opinion he wouldnbsp;endeavour to join. The natives of this group, their canoes, implements, and eagernefs for iron, amp;c. were exadly the fame as atnbsp;Tucker’s ifland. The afternoon fet in gloomy and rainy, whichnbsp;neverthelefs was not a hindrance to the canoes, many of which followed us quite out of fight of their own ifland; and as we obfervednbsp;them haul to the northward in a fquall, we concluded that they meantnbsp;to go to fome place in that quarter.

27th. About ten A. M. we came in fight of another low ifland, bearing S; W. and as we altered our courfe to go to the fouthward ofnbsp;it, when weft of us it fliewed like two diftinct iflands, lying nearnbsp;each other: here alfo many of the natives came off, and trafficked, asnbsp;the others had done. One thing we had obferved as peculiar and remarkable, that hitherto in our range among thefe iflands no femalesnbsp;had appeared ; whence we concluded the men either more jealous thannbsp;their caflern neighbours, or as placing a higher value on their women ;nbsp;or, perhaps, they had at fome period fuffered in defending them fromnbsp;licentious vifitors. The latitude of thefe After iflands is 7“ 14'' N..nbsp;longitude 144° 50'' E. At four P. M. the latter bore E. by NJ.

[1797-two leagues. Juft before dark we faw another ifland to the W. N. W. diftant three or four leagues j and fteering to go to the fouthward ofnbsp;it, the better to avoid any danger that might lie in the way, at midnight it bore N. N. E.

About four A. M. on the 28th, we difcovered other iflands, and by means of our night-glafs could difcern the extremes fromnbsp;W.N.W. toN. byW. About this time it fell calm, which continued; and at daybreak we counted fix, which might, from theirnbsp;fize, merit the name of iflands ; and feveniflets, or kayes; to the wholenbsp;of which we gave the name of the Thirteen iflands. At the diftancenbsp;of one league their extremes bore from N. W. | W. to N. i E. bynbsp;which their extent may be eftimated. The latitude of the fouthernnbsp;part of them is 7° 16^ N. longitude 144° 30' E. About fixtynbsp;canoes came off at firft, and afterwards fome of our people countednbsp;one hundred and fifty in fight, each of which, on an average, contained feven men, which is one thoufand and fifty; and if we addnbsp;half as many left on fliore, and double that number for the womennbsp;and children, the population of this group alone will amount to threenbsp;thoufand one hundred and fifty fouls, which, according to the appearance of the iflands, muft often be pinched for food. Here, fornbsp;the firft time, we got a fight of their women, who, to the numbernbsp;of a dozen or more, came off in three canoes : in two they were accompanied by the men ; the third was occupied by young womennbsp;only. For a confiderable time they kept aloof, whilft their own mennbsp;feemed to eye them with attention ; but obferving that we did not regard them with any particular notice, they were fuffered to approachnbsp;within a few yards of the fhip, which, as well as ourfelves, they appeared to furvey with delight. Some of them were well featured,nbsp;having neither very thick lips nor broad faces, though incliningnbsp;to both. Their hair is black and long. In complexion they differnbsp;from the men by a fickly kind of whitiflinefs that is mixed with thenbsp;natural olive. As we faw them almoft naked, their greateft ornamentnbsp;and higheft praife was the decency and modefty of their behaviour.

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;303

The greater number of the men were naked alfo : fome had a fafli mat wrapped round their middle ; others added an ornamental belt roundnbsp;their body, near the navel : thefe belts are about an inch broad, com-pofed of bits of black and white fhells, bored and ftrung alter thenbsp;manner of beads. Some of them wore a broad conical hat, in formnbsp;not much unlike that of the Chinefe. Thefe iflands teemed alike innbsp;every refpeól, no one appearing to afford greater natural advantagesnbsp;than the other, except where the groups derive fome enjoyments fromnbsp;neighbourhood ; and perhaps more ex ten five fhoals and fmoothnbsp;water afford a covert where the fifli may fhelter from the fiorm.nbsp;Thus they may find greater refources than on theifland that is folitary.nbsp;However, with refped to articles of exchange, they appeared to benbsp;equally ftored : of thefe the ftaple is koir rope, thirty fathom of whichnbsp;we could purchafe for a piece of an old iron hoop fix inches long ;nbsp;this rope is in general about an inch thick, and equal, if not fuperior,nbsp;in ffrength to our hemp-made ropes. As they every where expreffednbsp;the moft eager defire for iron, at the above price we might, bynbsp;delaying a few hours at each ifland, have almoft filled the fhip withnbsp;it ; and would certainly have done it, had we known what we havenbsp;fince learnt, that it will frequently fetch a good price in China. Theirnbsp;fifhing-tackle differs little from what we had feen in thé eaftern iflands ;nbsp;but their matting was ftriking and curious, being wove and made innbsp;the form of a Spanifh fafh, with a fancy border at each end, wroughtnbsp;in with black threads. The natural colour of thefe faflres is white ;nbsp;but many of them are dyed of a beautiful yellow with turmeric. Itnbsp;is impoffible to behold thofe neat-wrought fafhes, and their rude ma-nufaéfurers at the fame time, without wondering, and wifliing tonbsp;know how they came by the ärt. It is not improbable that theynbsp;might have been taught by the Jefuit miffionaries ; two of whomnbsp;were fent by the Spanifh government from Manilla in the year 1710 jnbsp;but as the fhip that took them thither was driven away by thenbsp;currents, the Jefuits were never heard of more : however, others werenbsp;fent, who continued their efforts a few years, till having informed

tliemfelves of the general poverty of the ihands, and certain that they never could be of value to the Spanifh monarchy, they quitted them,nbsp;and fince that time (about 1720) they have been totally neglected.nbsp;This makes it the more worthy of remark, that through fo longanbsp;period this ufeful art Ihould Hill be retained ; and while it reflectsnbsp;credit upon their original teachers, is an encouragement to our mif-fionarie?quot; to endeavour all in their power to introduce the mechanicnbsp;arts, as it proves that their labour will not be in vain. Turtle isnbsp;among the articles of their fubfiftence, as we purchafed one of aboutnbsp;twenty pounds weight for a piece of iron hoop about two feet long.

They manage their canoes with great dexterity, and go from ifland to ifland apparently without fear ; from which free intercourfe, andnbsp;having no weapon, except a fling, among them, we concluded theynbsp;had but few wars. Their language differs much from all that wenbsp;had heard before; and except a few words, as, looloo (iron),nbsp;capitaine, amp;c. we underftood but little of what they fpoke. Theirnbsp;numerals are as follows :

We now, as it proved, had taken our leave of the Carolinas, for after the Thirteen iflands we faw no more of them. To vifit the Pele ws being our next objedl, we accordingly Ihaped our courfe thither,

Nov.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;30^

bnt had rather a tedious paflage of nine days, owing to light and variable winds.

November 5th. We obferved in latitude 7“ 25' N. ; and at funfet, being about two leagues more to the northward, we thought that wenbsp;faw land in the fouth-weft quarter, but could not be certain of this bynbsp;reafon of the dull gloomy weather which at that time prevailed :nbsp;however, as we judged ourfelves to be at no great di dance from thenbsp;iflands, we fliortencd fail, and tacked to the S. E. The fhip nownbsp;having to contend with a head fea, pitched to fuch a degree, that thenbsp;fore-topfail yard broke in the flings : as this was of confequence innbsp;our prefent fituation, it was immediately fent down, and replaced by anbsp;fpare crofs-jack yard, until a proper one could be made. During thenbsp;night we had fqiially and rainy weather, which lafled until near eightnbsp;A. M. on the 6th, when it became more fettled, and we got fight ofnbsp;the land, bearing W. S. W. diftant ten or eleven leagues. As wcnbsp;were fleering towards it, we were fuddenly alarmed by the cook’snbsp;caboufe catching fire : every man inflantly exerted himfelf to extin-quifh it J and happily this was foon effedted; though, had notnbsp;the forefiiil and rigging been wet with rain, the flame blazed fonbsp;fiercely, that it is probable the fhip might have been burnt down to thenbsp;water’s edge. This fire was occafioned by the cook melting his fatnbsp;in a carelefs way.

At noon we obferved In latitude 7° 31' N. the extremes of the land bearing from W. 30° N. to W. 25° S. diflance about eightnbsp;leagues. With a brjlk gale from the fouthward we continued ournbsp;courfe until half pafl three P. M. when we were within twonbsp;fhort miles of the reef which extends no great diflance from thenbsp;fliore of the largefl ifland, called Babelthoup, divided into feveralnbsp;diflricSts, each of which is governed by a feparate chief, acknowledging the fupreme authority of Abba Thulle. When we hove to,nbsp;we were oppofite to the fouthern part of the diflridf of Artingall.nbsp;Two hundred perfons, or more, were colledled upon the beach, andnbsp;prefently about a dozen canoes were feen upon thç water, fome of

3o6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

which were under fail, and others paddling; but as the weather at this time wore a moft gloomy afpeél, three of them only camenbsp;far enough off to get alongiidc. The natives in thefe had a piece ofnbsp;white cloth tied upon a flick, which they waved as they drew near ynbsp;an emblem, as we fuppofed, of peace. They approached withoutnbsp;fear or the leaf! hefitation, and fpoke to us as to a people with whom,nbsp;they had been long acquainted; but their language was quite unintelligible; nor could we, even with the help of Captain Henrynbsp;Wilfon’s vocabulary, make them underftand one word, except a fewnbsp;of their proper names ; they however kept talking very faft,nbsp;accompanying their words with violent and fudden geflures of thenbsp;hands and body, expreffive of their eager defire for us to anchor at anbsp;place to the north-weft, towards which they pointed ; and one ofnbsp;them, who we afterwards learnt was a rupack, with a clumfy bonenbsp;on his wrift, came up the fhip’s fide in great hafte to enforce the rc-queft, and was followed by two more, who were equally folicitous ;nbsp;but all their entreaties, added to our intention to make fome ftay atnbsp;this celebrated group, were of no avail, as we could fee no placenbsp;where it was probable that a ftiip could fafely anchor, and we hadnbsp;not Lieutenant Macluer’s chart on board to guide us. On ournbsp;mentioning the name of Abba Thulle, they repeated it feveral times »nbsp;faying, S’Thulle, S’Thulle, and pointed to the land. The name ofnbsp;Lee Boo was not fpoken, for they talked fo faft and foconftantly, thatnbsp;we had fcarce any opportunity to alk queftions ; and probably thenbsp;weather, which now threatened a ftorm, kept him out of theirnbsp;minds. As their comrades in the canoes bawled loudly for thofenbsp;on board to rejoin them, the captain prefented a few knives, looking-glaffcs, amp;c. when they haftily, though reludlantly, took their leave ;nbsp;but before they paddled off they were at fome pains to ftiew theirnbsp;gratitude, by throwing upon our decks with difficulty a couple ofnbsp;cocoa-nuts, which was all they had : they then made for the ftiore.nbsp;This was all the intercourfe we had with the Pelew iflanders, anbsp;circumftance much regretted by us, as it had all along been the

Nov.]

captain’s intention to flay here a few days, for the purpofe of learning what we could of the inhabitants refpedling the expediency of fettlingnbsp;a miffion among them ; and to prepare the way for miffionaries, bynbsp;diflributing fome ufeful articles retained in the fliip for thefe and thenbsp;Feejee people, from a hope of being favoured at both places with fafenbsp;anchorage and friendly intercourfe; but, for the prefent voyage,nbsp;we concluded every thing of this nature at an end, and proceeded tonbsp;make the beft of our way to China, cherifliing the hope of therenbsp;receiving letters from our dear friends in England, to whom we nownbsp;thought ourfelves drawing near, though ftill at the diftance of manynbsp;thoufand miles.

Soon after we bore away, and had fhaped our courfe N. j E, we fell in with an extenfive reef, trending N. E. about two leagues fromnbsp;the north end of Babelthoup, and difcerned three fmall iflands lyingnbsp;further to the N. enclofed by the above reef. When we had runnbsp;nearly five leagues, the northernmoft of the three bore S, W. by W.nbsp;and at this time we reckoned ourfelves paft the north point of thenbsp;reef ; and though very dark, with confiant rain, we continued ournbsp;courfe for two leagues more, when we faw two other iflands to thenbsp;N. N. W. and at only a fliort diftance from us, on which account wenbsp;hauled to the eaftward, and hove to till the moon fhould rife, whichnbsp;it did about eight o’clock, when we refumed our courfe, and afterwards fell in with no more dangers.

If we admit the few which we faw of the Pelew iflanders to be a fpecimen of the whole, they are, in our opinion, inferior in externalnbsp;appearance to the Marquefans, the Society or Friendly iflanders jnbsp;they have not the ftature and fymmetry of the two firft, and fall farnbsp;fliort of the mufcular, bold, and manly look of the latter. Theynbsp;approach the neareft to their neighbours, the Carolinians, ; for, likenbsp;them, they are neither a flout nor handfome race. Among fomenbsp;cuftoms which they feera to have in common at both places, is thatnbsp;of flitting the .car, through which fome of them put vegetable ornaments, at leaft an inch thick. In tattooing at Pelew, their legs and

thighs appear as if they had been dipped in a die of blueiih black, the fame as at the Carolinas j but they mark their bodies alfonbsp;with figures, like fingers, or gloves. They appeared before us quitenbsp;naked, without feeming confcious of lhame, and fhewed theirnbsp;kindnefs and hofpitality by the earnefi: invitations they gave us tonbsp;vifit their habitations.

From November 7th, when we left the Pelew iflands, till our arrival on the coaft of China, nothing very interefting occurred.nbsp;The winds were fo unfettled, that we experienced hardly any thingnbsp;like the N. E. monfoon, until within two or three days fail of thenbsp;Bafhees, the moft fouthern of which we faw the evening of the 17th :nbsp;they appeared to be very high, and diftant about ten leagues. Havingnbsp;no chart on board upon the accuracy of which we could depend, wenbsp;kept our wind for the night, ftretching to the northward. At daybreak, fuppofing that we could clear the northern rocks, we borenbsp;away weft, and with a little alteration of our courfe, failed clofe paftnbsp;the northernmoft ifle, which lies in the latitude of 21quot; N. longitudenbsp;122° b' E.

The Bafliees confift of fix or feven iflands ; two to the S. E. arc high i fome of the others are of moderate height : the moft northernnbsp;except one is high and craggy at top ; and between thefe two lienbsp;two fmall rocks above water. After palling this group in aboutnbsp;21° 10' N. we fteered W. N. W. ? N. twenty-five leagues, thennbsp;reckoned ourfelves in latitude 21’42^ N. and longitude 121° E. thenbsp;fouth point of Formofa bearing at the fame time N. j E. ; we faw thenbsp;rocks which lie to the S. E. and had a good birth of them as wenbsp;pafled.

20th. We got into foundings, and pafiTed feveral Chinefe fifliing-boats. The next day, at feven A. M. being within two or three leagues of the Great Lemma, a pilot came on board ; at fir ft henbsp;afked about one hundred dollars to take us to Macao road, but afterwards accepted thirteen, befides giving us two fine fifli.

2ift. At ten A. M. we pafled between the Grand Lemma and

Nov.]

Potoy, and leaving all the iflant!s, except Lingting, to the fouth of ’ us, we failed through with a fine eafterly breeze. At three P. M.nbsp;came in fight of Macao, and at half paft four anchored in the road,nbsp;the town bearing W. two leagues. The pilot was then difcharged,nbsp;and a fignal made for another ; and that no time might be delayed,nbsp;our own boat was lowered down, and an officer difpatched on fhorenbsp;to bring a proper pilot off, as alfo to learn what European fhips werenbsp;at Canton ; but to our great mortification we found that not one hadnbsp;as yet arrived, confequently there were no letters for us. Nor wasnbsp;this the only difappointment : the Chinefe had lately refufed tonbsp;permit any veffel up to Whampoa, except fuch as brought cargoesnbsp;thither. One fhip from Port Jackfon had been lying fix weeks in thenbsp;Typa, at the entrance of the river, and had not as yet obtained leavenbsp;to proceed upwards j and on our applying to the mandarin at Macao,nbsp;we were told, that, as we had brought no cargo, no pilot would benbsp;fent on board until the Honourable Company’s fupercargoes couldnbsp;prevail on the Chinefe government at Canton for a palTport. Thenbsp;boat, however, brought us a variety of refrefhments, of which,nbsp;though received as very falutary after a long paffage, we did not Handnbsp;in fuch need as many preceding navigators who had neither failed thenbsp;difiance, nor been fo long at fed as ourfelves. We had run from thenbsp;time of leaving England upwards of thirty-four thoufand miles, andnbsp;had been out fourteen months, eleven of them at fea ; yet in all thisnbsp;time we had fcarcely experienced any ficknefs, and were at prefent,nbsp;to a man, in good health. We never made ufe of antifcorbutics, asnbsp;malt, fpruce, amp;c. ; but being a crew fmall in number to what arenbsp;ufually on board fhips upon voyages of difcovery, we were enabled tonbsp;lay in a fufficient .fiock of frefli provifions at one group of iflands, tonbsp;ferve, with a little (economy, till we got to a place to procure more,- fonbsp;that our failors always had frefh meat at leafi twice a week ; and fornbsp;nearly half of the time that we were in the South Seas they lived entirely upon the hogs of the different iflands ; and we may venture to

4

310 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

fay, that thofe who can be thus highly favoured need not be folicitous about any other antifcorbutics. On our arrival in port thenbsp;captain obferves, he was exceedingly fhocked at hearing around him,nbsp;once more, that great and awful name blafphemed, which, fornbsp;fourteen months, he had never heard mentioned but with reverence :nbsp;it was a found as grievous as unufual.

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

CHAPTER XIX.

Occurrences at China, and Voyage home.

to Macao, to endeavour to have the obllacles to our going up removed, while the crew were employed painting the Ihip, and putting hernbsp;otherwife in order ; and in a few hours we had the pleafure to fee hernbsp;look almoft as fmart as when Ihe left Spithead. Towards eveningnbsp;a ftrong gale came on from the north, and increafed to fuch a degree,nbsp;that in the courfe of the night we drove a confiderable way with bothnbsp;anchors ahead. The next morning we were glad to embrace thenbsp;opportunity of the windward tide to weigh our anchors and run intonbsp;the harbour of the Typa, and moored clofe to the Britannia, Captainnbsp;Dennet, the fhip we mentioned from Port Jackfon. A chop (ornbsp;paflport) had this day been fent for that veffel to proceed for Whampoa, and Captain Wilfon judged it a good opportunity for him to gonbsp;up in her, fuppofing that by being on the fpot he fhould the foonernbsp;obtain the leave he wanted.

On the 25 th the Britannia left the Typaj and that our fhip might be in readinefs, we began to flrip the rigging off the maft-hcads,nbsp;which we examined, and found it neceffary to put new cheeks to thenbsp;main-mafl. The whole of the rigging was thoroughly repaired ; andnbsp;juft as this work was upon the finifh, the captain arrived on the 9thnbsp;of December with permifhon for the fhip to go up the river.

On the 10th we weighed from the Typa, and as we worked out had the pleafure of feeing three large fhips at anchor in the eafternnbsp;road : thefe, we hoped, had, what we anxioufly longed for, lettersnbsp;from England j and fo it proved.

E’797-

On the 13th we moored at Whampoa, where wc found flaps of different nations, Swedes, Danes, Americans, and Englifli ; of thenbsp;latter, belonging to the Honourable Company, were the Glatton,nbsp;Canton, Boddam, and Arnifton, befidcs fome extra fliips. Thenbsp;three former have recently fuffered much by a tiffoon in the Chinanbsp;fea, and were returned to refit. The Arnifton had two or three daysnbsp;ago arrived from England, having touched at the Cape of Goodnbsp;Hope ; and by her w’e learnt the political Rate of our native country.

We now cxpcdtcd to be three months at Icaft before we fliould receive our cargo, and be difpatched home, which we fuppofed wouldnbsp;be with a fleet compofed of Indiamen, juft at this time arrived. Butnbsp;the fupercargoes having determined to difpatch the Glatton, Boddam,nbsp;and Amazon packet, they ordered an immediate furvey to be madenbsp;of our fhip, and the report of the committee appointed for that pur-pofe being, “ That the Duff was in excellent order, and fit to receivenbsp;“ a cargo,” Mr. R. Hall, the head fupercargo, told our captain,nbsp;that if we could take in our lading, and be ready to depart in thenbsp;courfe of five or fix days, he would difpatch us. This the captainnbsp;promifing to perform, teas were immediately fent alongfide. Butnbsp;though the fhip was in every refpedf in very good order, fhe wasnbsp;by no means clear for receiving a cargo ; our hold was half full ofnbsp;water-cafks, bread puncheons, tierces of beef, and various articles ofnbsp;ftores beyond our confumption, and for which we had as yet foundnbsp;no purchafers ; fo that to difpofe of thefe, and to remove them fromnbsp;place to place as we advanced in our lading, gave us more trouble andnbsp;expended more time than taking in the cargo itfelf. However, bynbsp;the 31ft of December w^e were completely laden, and in a fhorternbsp;time than perhaps ever fhip was before ; and having, by the kindnefsnbsp;of the fupercargoes, got over the difficulties which the Chinefe arenbsp;continually throwing in the way, we that fame day ran down thenbsp;river, and joined the other fhips at a place called the Second Bar,nbsp;juft as they were getting under fail.

The fingularity of our manners at China could not fail to attract

Jan.]

notice j and as all immorality was utterly di fco un ten a need, not an oath fworn, and an appearance of unufual devotion maintained, thenbsp;company we had now joined were pleafed wittily to new-chriflennbsp;the Duff, and called her The Ten Commandments.

January 2d, 1798. We got down to Macao, where we found three Englifh men of war, and feven of the Bombay cotton fliips,nbsp;at anchor, waiting for us to fail with them.

The Honourable Company’s fhip Glatton, commanded by Charles Drummond, Efq. was appointed to convoy us home, to take thenbsp;country fhips bound to Bombay under his care ; and the Fox and Lanbsp;Sibylle were to accompany us for a few leagues down the China fea.nbsp;Every thing relative to the fleet’s departure being arranged, and thenbsp;fhips in readinefs, early on the 5th we put to fea, with a frelli galenbsp;from the north, and found that the Duff was fully competent to keepnbsp;up with them, though we had been apprehenfive of this, as ournbsp;Indiamen are remarkable for their faft failing, efpecially when itnbsp;blows hard.

Our paffage down the China fea was as favourable as we could have wilhed it to be. Some time in the courfe of the firfl; night thenbsp;frigates left us, and we faw them no more.

On the loth we paffed Pulo Sapata, and, continuing our courfe for the ftraits of Malacca, at ten A. M. on the 14th we came in fight ofnbsp;the Malay coaft ; at the fame time faw a flrange fail ahead. Havingnbsp;heard that an enemy’s fquadron was cruifing in the flraits, we at firfl:nbsp;thought this might be one of them fent to look out ; and this feemednbsp;the opinion of our commodore, for he made the fignal for the fleetnbsp;to prepare for adtion, and that one of the faflefl failing fliips fliouldnbsp;chafe. But we foon recognifed her to be a Portuguefe velfelnbsp;which had departed from Macao three days before us. In thenbsp;afternoon we rounded Cape Romania, and fpoke a fhip from Bengalnbsp;that was at anchor under the lee of the point, which removed all ournbsp;fears of an enemy. The ftraits of Malacca are accounted dangerousnbsp;to navigate in the dark j however, as the wind was fair, our commo-

[1798.

dore kept the fleet running all the night. Next day we had calms, which obliged us to anchor; but a breeze fpringing up at N. E. wenbsp;foon weighed, and the wind increafing at midnight, we pafled thenbsp;Water iflands, and at two A. M. on the i6th came to with the fmallnbsp;bower in Malacca road, in feven fathoms water, the flagftaff on thenbsp;citadel bearing N. 64quot; E. the Outer Water ifland S. 39” E. di fiant fromnbsp;the town two or three miles. The reafon of our touching at this placenbsp;being to fill up our water, and gain information for the fafety of thenbsp;fleet, at daybreak in the morning the boats were hoifted out, and moltnbsp;of the commanders went on fliore, but were difappointed in the hopenbsp;of intelligence, as there was none of later date than what we hadnbsp;received at China. As this fpoke only of war, our duty was to prepare for all events on the paflage ; not that we had fears. The abilitynbsp;and care which we had obferved in our commodore, and the ftrengthnbsp;which would be with us after the Bombay fliips had feparated, gavenbsp;us confidence. The Glatton mounted forty guns, and the Boddamnbsp;about thirty, and both fliips had a few troops on board ; befides,nbsp;at the Cape of Good Hope or St. Helena we expedted to join othersnbsp;of the Honourable Company’s fliips.

On the 17th we received about four tons of water, which is brought off in bulk by fmall veflels kept here for the purpofe. Wenbsp;alfo received an addition to our live flock, and could have gone tonbsp;fea this evening, but that the large fliips had not completed theirnbsp;water ; and one of the fleet which had lain feveral months laden atnbsp;Whampoa had fprung a leak, and W’as obliged to ufe tedious andnbsp;laborious methods to find the place where the water entered. Thisnbsp;they happily found, and it deferves notice as a hint to fliipwrightsnbsp;and to thole who are more interefled : by ripping the copper off thenbsp;under wales a bolt-hole was found left without the bolt ; an atfl ofnbsp;negligence which might have proved of the mofl fatal confequenoe,nbsp;had it not been difeovered.

Malacca in profpedl affords little beauty ; the houfes, excepting a few, have a poor and mean look j and the befl, though convenient,

March.J

are neither large nor fightly. The fortifications which. Turround the town have originally been ftrong, but at prefent are thought toonbsp;weak to ftand the (hock of cannon planted upon them : to make up fornbsp;this defeéf, our countrymen, fince the place fell into their hands,nbsp;have ftrengthened the lines and outworks, fo that they could now makenbsp;a very good defence. The ftreets within the ramparts crofs eachnbsp;other at right angles, three or four lying eaft and weft, and as manynbsp;north and fouth. The (hops are lliabby, prefenting for fale nothingnbsp;that is enticing to an European j and their market has all the appearance of a negro market in the Weft Indies. Until the Englifti made anbsp;fettlement upon Pulo Pinang, or Prince of Wales’s ifland, this citynbsp;¦was the only place of trade in the ftrait ; and, from our earlieftnbsp;knowledge of India, is mentioned as a place of great importance.nbsp;They export tin, nutmegs, canes, amp;c. Provifions were at this timenbsp;fcarce and dear. The inhabitants are a mixture of Dutch, Malays,nbsp;and Chinefe ; the garrifon at prefent is Englilh.

On the 2Oth we failed with the fleet, and proceeded down the ftrait until we came in fight of Pulo Pinang, when the Bombay (hipsnbsp;left us and fteered for that ifland. Our fleet was now reduced ; con-fifting only of the Glatton, Boddam, Amazon, and our own fliip.

31ft. We finifhed the laft of our yams, which.had plentifully fupplied us five months. We had a very good, paflage, with fewnbsp;gales of wind, and met with no difafter nor did we fee a ftrangenbsp;fail to alarm us until the i 6th of March, when in the morning wenbsp;made the Cape land^ and fell in with two tranfports from Amboyna,nbsp;which joined us. At night we hove to, and waited for day to runnbsp;for Table bay, where we were directed to fill up our water, and re-frelh the crew.

At daybreak on the 17th, after we had born away, one of our boys, going up the main Ihronds to loofe the main-topgallant-fail,nbsp;flipped his hold and fell into the fea ; the jolly-boat was inftantly lowered from the ftern, and providentially faved him juft on the point ofnbsp;finking : we got him on board, and though far fpent, after, difeharg—nbsp;s s a.

[*798-ing a quantity of water, he foon recovered. At three P. M. wc anchored in the bay, where we found a fquadron of men of warnbsp;under the command of Admiral Chriftian ; two outward-bound Eaft-Indiamen, with feveral Portuguefe, Danes, Americans, and othernbsp;veflels. In the evening the health-boat came to examine in what ftatenbsp;the crew were, and, on finding us all well, gave permiffion for freenbsp;communication with the fliore. After them the admiral’s boatnbsp;upon guard took account of the fliip, whence llie came, amp;c. Fromnbsp;fome of the Ihips they imprelfed a few men, but took none from us.nbsp;When they had left the admiral’s excellent regulations, which arenbsp;given to all vefiels coming into the bay, they departed. In a fewnbsp;days we had got what water and ftock we wanted, but it was notnbsp;until the i ft of April that the fignal for failing was made, and wenbsp;put to fea, with the addition of the tranfport Bellona to our fleet.nbsp;The fame day we got out of fight of the Cape, and fliapcd ournbsp;courfe for the ifland of St. Helena, where we arrived, on the 15th.nbsp;Seven Indiamen, befides extra Ihips, and two South-Sea whalers, laynbsp;in the bay, all homeward bound.

On the 16th the Albion, an extra fhip, was difpatched for England by the governor, with advice of the fleet being on their palfage.

On the I fl of May we failed. Captain Drummond, being the fenior in command, had the charge of the fleet, confifling of twentynbsp;fail ; during our palfage we faw only two or three flrangc fliips. Innbsp;latitude 20° N. we fell in with a fmall Spanilh velfel from Cadiz,nbsp;bound to Vera Cruz : flie was made a prize by our commodore.

On the 23d of June we faw the coafl of Ireland, well of Kinfale • and on the day following put into Cork harbour for a convoy. Thenbsp;Ethalion, Captain Countefs, was appointed for that purpofe bynbsp;Admiral Kingfmill ; ànd, after a detention of eight days by contrarynbsp;winds, we fet fail, and on the 4th of July faw the coafl of England.nbsp;On the 8th we palfed the Downs; on the iith came to anchor innbsp;the river Thames ; and in a few days difeharged our cargo of tea,nbsp;which was landed in as perfeól order as wc received it at China.

TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

THUS have we finilhed a voyage, in which the Miflionary Society, and our Chriftian brethren in connexion with them, were fo deeplynbsp;interefted. Their prayers have been heard for us, and »eminentlynbsp;anfwered : fuccefs beyond our moft fanguine expectations has crowned 'nbsp;our endeavours in every place where the miffions have been fettled.nbsp;We have not loft a fing le individual in all our extended voyage :nbsp;we have hardly ever had a fick lift : W’e landed every miffionarynbsp;in perfedl health : and every feaman returned to England as wellnbsp;as on the day he embarked at Black wall. We feel our gratitude riling high to the Author of all our mercies, and cannotnbsp;but believe that every man who ftiall candidly perufe the foregoingnbsp;flieets will join us in acknowledging the gracious providence thatnbsp;hath fupported us hitherto ; whilft the generous and humane con—nbsp;du(ftors of this benevolent undertaking will be animated by the fuccefsnbsp;which hath attended their firft attempt, to purfue with increafingnbsp;energy an objedf which appears fo fraught with bleffings to mankind.nbsp;The way into the fouthern ocean is now open, and the facilities fornbsp;enlarging the miffionary labours greatly increafed. The fettlementsnbsp;formed will every day continue to widen their circle of influence andnbsp;ufefulnefs j and new and vaft countries around them, equally accef-flble, afford an inexhauftible field for the moft vigorous exertions ofnbsp;Chriftian zeal. The more all circumftances are weighed, the more itnbsp;muft appear that this hath God done : and can we perceive that it isnbsp;his work, and not at leaft confefs our obligation to further thefe effortsnbsp;to the utmoft of our power ? It is to be hoped that every objeólionnbsp;to this blefled undertaking will be now removed j that the cautiousnbsp;will confefs themfelves fatisfied, and demonftrate their approbationnbsp;by a more liberal affiftance, bccaufe of paft delay j that the prejudiced will nobly lay afide their oppofition, and redeem unfavourablenbsp;fuggeftions by immediate and generous acknowledgments that theynbsp;knew us not ; and that a miffiion to the heathen, planned with muchnbsp;deliberation, inveftigation, and zeal, and executed with eminent fkill,nbsp;pcrfeverance, and fuccefs, bears a ftamp of divine benedidion upon it.

318 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE.

which ought to commend it to every man’s confcience in the fight of God. How much thankfulnefs, delight, and fatisfaélion, it muftnbsp;produce in the hearts of thofe who have been moft active in the fer-vice, and fuch eminent benefactors to mankind, I need not fay :nbsp;their work itfelf is their firft and higheft reward. Having finiflied,nbsp;as one of the inferior wheels in this great machine, the revolutionnbsp;which received its impulfe from the main fpring, I am for a whilenbsp;repofing on thefe happy fliores of Britain j. but my prayers will nevernbsp;ceafe for the profperity of Zion, and for the furtherance of the mif-fionary labours, of the commencement of which having been anbsp;favoured fpeélator, I cannot but indulge the pleafing expectation ofnbsp;abundant increafe gt; and wait, with the multitude of thofe who believenbsp;the promifes. will be fulfilled in their feafon, to hear that His kingdom is advancing, who fhall afluredly receive the heathen for hisnbsp;inheritance, and the utmoft parts of the earth for his poflefiion.. Thenbsp;Lord haften it in his time I

APPENDIX.

INTRODUCTION.

In the following Appendix of mifcellaneous matter refpeding the country, its inhabitants, cuftoms, natural hiftory, Ôcc. fliould anynbsp;thing be advanced apparently different from the preceding reprefent-ations of former vifitants, it will be proper to remark, that thefenbsp;papers have been'drawn up from manufcripts attended with everynbsp;mark of authenticity, and from converfations with a variety of perfonsnbsp;who have been lately on the fpot, and whofe veracity is highly to benbsp;refpedled. It muft be obvious to every intelligent perfon in fearch ofnbsp;information, that fome are ftruck with one objedf which anothernbsp;overlooks, and that the ftrongeft trait of charader and manners isnbsp;often drawn from the fimpleft trifle, which is ready to be difregardednbsp;or not mentioned for its feeming inlignificance j and where the famenbsp;thing is noticed, inferences may be drawn by one concerning it, ofnbsp;which another may entertain a different opinion. We hope, however,nbsp;on the whole, that the body of information here colleded from thefenbsp;fources will be found ftrongly corroborative of the truth of the fadsnbsp;in the preceding narrative, and cannot but afford fatisfadion to thenbsp;curious and inquifitive into the real ftate of men and manners in thenbsp;ifles of this vaft ocean. We hope, alfo, to be able hereafter to prefentnbsp;a more explicit and full account, if it pleafes God to crown ournbsp;prefent expedition with any fimilar fuccefs as the paft ; and we cannotnbsp;but flatter ourfelves that the public, on an impartial furvey of what

FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix. has been done, will confider the Millionary Society as among thenbsp;real benefadlors to mankind, and fupport an undertaking which Godnbsp;has hitherto Angularly blefled ; and which propofes, as its firft objccl,nbsp;the divine glory, and the falvation, temporal and eternal, of thofe whomnbsp;hitherto no man hath cared for. Names, feds, and parties, have nonbsp;place among us—we mean nothing political, partial, or exclufive.nbsp;One is our mafter, even Chrift ; we defire to know and teach nothingnbsp;but him crucified ; to interfere in no conteft, to difturb no governmentnbsp;efiablifiied, or introduce any peculiar modes of religious worfhip,nbsp;but to leave every man to the book of truth for his guide, in the fpiritnbsp;of meeknefs ; to unite in one centre, Jefus Chrift, the fame yefterday,nbsp;to-day, and for ever; and to love one another, out of a pure heart,nbsp;fervently. Time and better information, it is to be hoped, will dif-fipatc every prejudice entertained againft fo benevolent an undertaking.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

SECTION I.

Country,

The ifland of Otaheite confifts of two peninfulas connected by a low ifthmus about three miles acrofs, covered with trees and flirubs,nbsp;hut wholly uncultivated J though no part of the ifland feems morenbsp;capable of improvement, and of admitting the plough if clearednbsp;from wood. The larger, Otaheite Nooe, is about ninety miles innbsp;circumference, and nearly circular ; the lefler, or Tiaraboo, is aboutnbsp;thirty miles. They are divided into a variety of diftriéts, in enumerating which the former reporters' differ, as probably they arenbsp;fubjedl to changes, and divided and fubdivided by the chiefs amongnbsp;their towhas and relations. I fhall therefore refer to the map, asnbsp;containing the lateft and moft accurate account. The ifland has anbsp;border of low land reaching from the beach to the rifing of the hills,nbsp;in fome places near a mile, in others hardly a furlong, and in feveralnbsp;points the mountains abruptly terminate in high cliffs, againft whichnbsp;the fea beats, and form difficult paffages from one diftriä to another.nbsp;The foil of the low lands and of the valleys, which run up from thenbsp;fea between the mountains, is remarkably fertile, confifting of anbsp;rich blackifli mould covered with bread-fruit, cocoa-nut, plantains,nbsp;cvee apple, the youte, or cloth plant, and many others, which willnbsp;be hereafter defcribed. The mountains afford a great variety of treesnbsp;of all forts and fixes, and are,‘'ïh moff places, covered to their verynbsp;tops with wood, in others with bamboos of great length, and in fomenbsp;by fern and reed, which at a diftance appear like a fine green lawn.nbsp;The hills rife very ffeep, and fwell into mountains almoft inacceflible ;nbsp;but every where produdive of plantains, yams, and a multitude of

•3^2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

wild roots growing fp on ta neon fly, and fometimes ufed for food. In thefe higher regions only is to be found the precious fandal wood, ofnbsp;two kinds, yellow and dark-colouretl ; from whence the nativesnbsp;chiefly draw the perfume for the cocoa-nut oil, with which theynbsp;anoint themfelves.

The country exhibits a mountainous afpedl, and rifes very high in the centre ; but it is interfeéted by narrow valleys, which receivenbsp;innumerable flreams from the hills, fome of which fall in beautiful cafcades, and fill the rivers, which meander through them,nbsp;amidft the verdant feenery, to the fea. During the rainy feafons thefenbsp;fweli into torrents, and fometimes loofen rocks and trees from thenbsp;precipices, and carry them down into the valleys, which they overflow, and occafion much damage. During the greater part of thenbsp;year thefe valleys afford a palfage from one fide of the ifland to thenbsp;other, though always difficult when you afeend the mountains j butnbsp;in the rainy feafon this becomes impraóticable, and the communication between one diflridl and another is kept up by canoes, whichnbsp;pafs, within the reefs in fmooth water with great facility ; ufing thisnbsp;precaution only, that as the northernmoff part of the ifland has anbsp;ffeep rocky ihore, and in blowing weather the landing is dangerous,nbsp;thofe who wifh to go to windward proceed in their canoes weffward,nbsp;where they feldom find the trade wind, and the fea breeze fets innbsp;from the weftward j the high land obftruéling the eafterly wind, andnbsp;the ifland of hünièo lying in a direction N. and S. forces a freftrnbsp;weftcrly current up the fouth fide of Otaheite, which wafts thenbsp;canoes to the ifthmus ; where hauling them acrofs, they are fure ofnbsp;a fair wind home. This is at prefent done on rollers and by ropes ;nbsp;but a carriage with wheels would wonderfully facilitate the operation :nbsp;and probably, ere long, a pradlicable road will be formed for thisnbsp;purpofe, as has been fuggefted by one of the miflionaries.

, When the trade wind gets far to the fouth, and blows frefli, it generally rains on the fouth fide of the ifland, bringing the cloudsnbsp;from the mountains of Tiaraboo, and emptying their contents ^at

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;323

¦Papparâ and the adjacent diftndls. This pccafions a great difference in the bread-fruit feafon between the north and fouth fides of thenbsp;ifland ; as on the north the' rain is lefs frequent and lefs violent, andnbsp;the'trade wind quot;conftantly blows, except when the fun is vertical.nbsp;Hence the great bread-fruit harvefi; commences on the northern fidenbsp;about November, and continues till the end of January ; whilft onnbsp;the fouth fide, in fome parts, it begins in January, and continues innbsp;different diftridls till November. But though this is the cafe withnbsp;the general harveft on both fides the ifland, there are fome kinds ofnbsp;bread-fruit, though fcarce, in feafon. all the year, efpecially innbsp;the diftridl of Attahooroo. The different fpecies of the fame treenbsp;amount to thirty. At our arrival in March we found plenty ; it continued till we left the ifland in Augufl: : they faid it would be fcarcenbsp;for two months at Mataväi.

As'foon as you begin to afeend the hills, the foil changes from the rich loam into various veins of red, white, dark, yellow, or blueiflinbsp;earth, clay, or marl : in the red are found ftones refembling cornelian or flint ; but being full of veins, though they will ftrike firenbsp;with fteel, they break on a fécond ftroke. The white appears a pipeclay, or fuller’s earth ; the dark, a fine fat mould, probably the decayednbsp;parts of vegetable fubflances ; the yellow is mixed with gravel ; thenbsp;blue a marly fubftance. Thefe are all found in digging ten or twelvenbsp;feet, and the under-ftratum appears a foft fand-ftone of a browniflinbsp;colour, intermixed with hard rock.

The hills alfo afford a blackilh ftone, which feems a lava, in pieces eight or ten feet long, and from four to ten inches thick j ofnbsp;which they formerly made their ftone tools ; it is ot a fine grain,'nbsp;though not very hard, nor apt to fplinter j which anfwered beft thenbsp;purpofes of the natives, as they could thus bring them more eafily tonbsp;an edge ; but at every ftroke almoft their adzes required whetting,nbsp;and two-thirds of their time nearly was employed in this labour, y

The beds of the rivers confift of ftones and gravel ; many of which contain a glaffy fubftance, and will melt in a ftrong fire,- others arcnbsp;T T 2

324 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;first missionary voyage [Appendix.

more infufible, ' and many are found like pumice-ftone. In powder the magnet attracts many particles. This, with other high iïlands,nbsp;has evidently a volcanic origin.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;«¦

. In the diïtriól: of Mataväi there is a ßngular cliff, called Peeha ; which one of the miffionaries defcribes as formed of an immenfenbsp;number of oblong pieces of Rone, ftrongly cemented together, andnbsp;hanging in a very romantic manner. , The cliff is about eighty ornbsp;ninety feet high, and twice as broad j at the bottom runs a river,,nbsp;the largeR in the ifland. This is’probably bafaltic.

' The mountains are in fome parts.bare and full of precipices, broken as by earthquakes. In the bofom of thofe which bound the dihridtnbsp;of Vyeorëde there is a remarkably large frefh-water lake, callednbsp;Vyeheerea, which the natives fay cannot be founded with any line,nbsp;and contains eels of a monRrous fize. On the banks of this lakenbsp;many inhabitants are feated, who have plenty of all forts of proviRons,nbsp;except the bread-fruit, for which they fubRitute the mountain plan-,nbsp;tain. This lake empties itfelf into the valley of Vyeorëde. Herenbsp;alfo they make vaR quantities of a greyiRi cloth highly prized, beatnbsp;from the bark of the mountain floe tree ; and a number of arreoiesnbsp;frequent the place for this purpofe, as they prefer the cloth to anynbsp;other, and call it orâa. t

The bay of Mataväi aRbrds fafe anchorage during eight months of the year, but is dangerous from December to March ; the bottomnbsp;is a blackifli fand, from flx to eighteen fathom. The channel betweennbsp;the,reef and the Dolphin bank, on which the water is thirteen feet;'nbsp;only in the flioaler part, extends not more than half a cable’s lengthynbsp;. but^has twenty-two fathoms of water; yet, in a weakly mannednbsp;fllip,* this paffage Teems preferable to pafling to the weRward of thenbsp;bank, as it frequently happens that the wind comes off in fquallsnbsp;from One Tree hill in a fouthern diredlion,' and often falls into anbsp;dead calm ; both which may be avoided by keeping the reef dolenbsp;aboard, with ten fathoms water, and bringing up where you pleafe, asnbsp;tliere is no foul ground to windward of the Dolphin bank, nor any

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;325

rocks but what are vifible. The funken rocks, called Toa, the natives know, and are ready to point out. The only harbour to the weftwardnbsp;is that of Opärre, called Toa roa, or Long rock.

Water is convenient and abundant in all parts of the ifland’.

The weather, during our ftay, from March till Auguft, was ferene and pleafant, the thermometer never finking lower than 65°, andnbsp;feldom higher than 73“; and fo cool at night as to make a blanketnbsp;welcome. When we came, the weather was a little fqually arid*nbsp;rainy, being the end of the rough feafon, which commences fome-time in December and lafts till March : during thefe months the*nbsp;wind frequently blows hard from the weft, with rain, and throws anbsp;heavy fwell and furf on the fliore into Matavai bay ; the reft of thenbsp;year the wind blows from the eaft, but with an alternate land andnbsp;fea breeze around the ifland, which extends its influence about anbsp;league from the fhore..

SECTION II.

Government.—Ranks in Society.—Property.

THE government of Otaheite is monarchical, and hereditary in one gt; family ; of this two branches fubfift. Temärre, the fon of Obcrcanbsp;and Oâmmo, reigned when Wallis firft vifited the ifland ; he wasnbsp;then a child, and Oberêa his mother was regent. Oâmmo and fhenbsp;had quarrelled about faving the child, which he wifhed to deftroy ;nbsp;whether to retain the fovereignty longer, or fufpedfing that the childnbsp;did not belong to him, the lady not being fparing of her favoursnbsp;toothers. On his acceftion, Oâmmo retired to a private ftation in.nbsp;his own diftrid of Papparâ, and left his wife,. an. aólive woman^.

326 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

in trufl with the reins of government for her fon. Oämmo was fon of Tenae, and elder brother of Whäppai, who fince has alTumednbsp;the name of Otey. Whappai’s fon Otoo was then a child of fix ornbsp;feven years old. Tootahä, their younger brother, was chief of Attali ooroo.

Wars and various changes appear to have preceded the laft grand revolution, when the partifans of Otoo, with the afliftance of thenbsp;mutineers, recovered the royal maro from the men of Attahooroo.nbsp;By one of thefe inteftine wars Temârre, the Tirridirri of Cook, hadnbsp;been previoufly depofed, and Otoo, the prefent Pomarre, advancednbsp;to the dignity of earee rahai. But the chiefs of Attahooroo, who,nbsp;under Tootahä, had been the principals in effeéling this revolution,nbsp;feized the regalia, the royal maro, and the ark of the Eatôoa, andnbsp;carried them off to their own diftriél ; and though incapable of ufingnbsp;them, as not being of the feed royal, they kept polfeflion of themnbsp;for the honour of their diftridl j and having eftablifhed their warlikenbsp;charaóler, none dared contend with them. To Attahooroo, therefore, onnbsp;all great folemnities, were all the other chiefs obliged to repair, and werenbsp;fometimes infulted or plundered by the way. This occafioned continual difputes J and the Attahooroo chiefs giving an afylum to allnbsp;thofe who fled for crimes from other diflrióls, they became fuch anbsp;terror to the refl, that Temârre, though dethroned and reduced to hisnbsp;private patrimony, as chief of Papparä, joined with Otoo to attacknbsp;them.

Tiaraboo alfo had revolted, and fet up Vayheeadöoa. A general war commenced ; Eimêo leagued with Attahooroo ; and Maheinenbsp;(the uncle of Motuäro, king of that ifland, who had married Otoo’snbsp;fifler, as Otoo had married his) ufurped the right of his nephew,nbsp;and forced him to take refuge with his brother-in-law at Oparre,nbsp;jufl at the time Cook arrived in 1774, who faw the preparations fornbsp;war, but did not wait its iffue.

Otoo (now Pomarre), after many conflitfls, maintained his authority, though not without fuch defeats as fometimes drove him to

Appendix ] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

the mountains, and almoft annihilated his maritime power. The war canoes of Otaheite have nearly di fap pea red. Otoo having cultivated the friendfhip of the Europeans, continued to be acknowledgednbsp;fupreme chief, though holding a precarious dominion, till the fettle-ment of the mutineers at Mataväi. Them he engaged in his intereft ;nbsp;and as they could incline the balance to whichever fide they pleafed,nbsp;by their means he vanquifhed Attahooroo, recovered the royal maro,nbsp;and efiabliflied his fon’s dominion on a more folid bafis than it hadnbsp;ever been before. Motuäro alfo recovered his loft dominion innbsp;Eimëo ; and flrengthened the government of his nephew by acknowledging his fupremacy. Pomärre (the name alfumed by the fathernbsp;fince his fon’s fucceffion to the title of Otoo) continued, as regent,nbsp;to manage the affairs of government ; and by the help of his European friends, the leffer as well as the greater peninfula bowed tonbsp;his dominion, and his flag paffed with reverence through all thenbsp;diftridls. Temärre firfl paid it due homage, and it proceeded fromnbsp;him through Tiaraboo. It was a union jack, given by the captainnbsp;of a veffel which had touched there, and decorated with breafl-platesnbsp;of pearl and red feathers. This was carried to the great morai, wherenbsp;all the chief people of the diftriél attended, and received it with ceremonious reverence.

Pomarre, from king become the firfl: fubjedl of his fon and regent of the ffate, fupports his fon’s dignity with all his weight and influence. Temärre is joined in the ftrióbeft friendfhip with him, and,nbsp;having no children, adopted Pomärre’s daughter, fince dead. Eimëonbsp;acknowledged the young king’s fovereignty ; and his dominion wasnbsp;no where openly refifled, though in Tiaraboo more than one diftridtnbsp;ftill appears difcontented.

As the ceremony of invefting the young king with the royal maro, like a coronation, isafolemnity which few can witnefs, the followingnbsp;account from a fpedlator will be interefling :

Affembling at the great morai at Opärre, the maro oora, or red fafh of royalty, recovered from Attahooroo, was laid on the morai :

32? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix,

it is made of net-work, and thrummed with red and yellow feathers. The täata örcro, the public orator (probably Manne Manne), openednbsp;the ceremony with a long fpeech, which fet forth the rightful authority of the fon of Pomarre to the royal dignity ; and in veiled himnbsp;with the regal cindture. Motuäro, the chief of Eimëo, who hadnbsp;recovered his authority, firll paid his homage to the young king, whonbsp;was borne on a man’s Ilioulders, and furrounded by all his chieftains.nbsp;He brought three human vidlims from Eimëo in his canoes j fromnbsp;each of which the prieft, Icooping out an eye, prefented it to thenbsp;Tovereign on a plantain leaf plucked from a young tree in his hand,nbsp;accompanied with a long ceremonial difcourfe : the bodies were thennbsp;taken away, and interred in the morai. The fame ceremony wasnbsp;repeated by every chief in rotation, of the feveral diftridfs of Otaheitc,nbsp;fome bringing one, and fome two human, facrifices, fixed on a longnbsp;pole ; and buried after the prefentation of the eye.

The reafon affigned for this horrid oblation was, that the head being reputed facred, and the eye the molt precious part, it was to benbsp;prefented to the king as the head and eye of the people. During thenbsp;prefentation the king holds his mouth open, as if devouring it, wherebynbsp;they imagine he receives additional wifdom and difcernment ; andnbsp;that his tutelar deity prefides, to accept the facrifice, and, by the communication of the vital principle, to firengthen the foul of his royalnbsp;pupil. Hogs innumerable were ftrangled, and immenfe quantitiesnbsp;of cloth prefented. The royal maro, worn only on that day, wasnbsp;depofited in its place at the morai, and the facred canoes, whichnbsp;brought the human facrifioes, were hauled up thither. The kingnbsp;and chiefs then departed, to devour the hogs, turtle, fowls, fiflr, andnbsp;vegetables prepared for them in the greateft profufion, and to drinknbsp;their intoxicating yava. The feafting and heivas lafted two months';nbsp;the hogs killed on the occafion were innumerable, the yava abundant snbsp;and more than one of the chiefs paid for their excefles with theirnbsp;lives.

Otoo, the prefent king, is about feventeen, and very large limbed.

Amemdjx.] to the SOUTH-sea ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;329

proniifing to be of a fize like his father. Though he is abfolute, he lives in the greateft familiarity with the lowcft of his fubjeóls. He isnbsp;differently reprefented ; fome fay he looks folid, and of a thoughtfulnbsp;afpeól ; whilft others call him ftupid, and his countenance vacant.nbsp;His queen, Tëtua, daughter of Wyreede, relidl of Motuaro, is aboutnbsp;his own age, and rather the larger of the two. Her countenance isnbsp;pleafing and open, but mafeuline, and widened by the ufual methodnbsp;of preffure, called touroome. It is con fide red as the diftindlive marknbsp;of their regal dignity, to be every where carried about on men’snbsp;flioulders. As their perfons are efteemed facred, before them all muft uncover below the breaft ; and from this mark of homage their own fathernbsp;and mother are not exempted. They may not enter into any houfe butnbsp;their own, becaufe, from that moment, it would become räa, or facred,nbsp;and none but themfelves, or their train, could dwell or eat there ;nbsp;and the land their feet touched would be their property ; therefore,nbsp;though they often came off to the fhip, ate what was handed down tonbsp;them, and baled the water out of their own canoe, they would nevernbsp;come on board j and when they daily vifited our miffionary houfe,nbsp;they never came farther than the door. Yet this had not been thenbsp;cafe with the father, when king, who freely entered the fhip, andnbsp;vifited our people on fhore : perhaps fome ceremony is yet to pafs,nbsp;when the king comes to a more advanced age, when he will have thenbsp;fame liberty.

The king and queen were always .attended by a number of men, as carriers, domeflics, or favourites, who were râa, or facred, livingnbsp;without families, and attending only on the royal pair j and a worfenbsp;fet of men the whole ifland does not afford for thievery, plunder, andnbsp;impurity.

The queen has had as yet no child, nor is it likely fhe fhould produce any, as, if the reports our miflionaries have received are true, fine-is a perfeél Meffalina, and lives in a promifeuous intercourfe withnbsp;all her porters.

U IT,

330 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

The mode of carrying the king and queen is with their’ legs' hanging down before, feated on the Ihoulders, and leaning on thenbsp;head of their carriers, and very frequently amufing themfelves-with'nbsp;picking out the vermin, which there abound. It is the fingular privilege of the queen, that, of all women, fhe alone may eat them jnbsp;which privilege fhe never fails to make ufe of. On their own landsnbsp;they fometimes condefcend to alight, and walk ; but feldom move farnbsp;without their porters. Among thefe attendants is to be found one ofnbsp;the fingular curiofities of the ifland, a native of a complexion quitenbsp;different from his fellows; reddifh, and of a Swedilh caft of counte-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

nance, and his hair white and fine as flax. There are a few others fomething fimilar, like the white negroes, an anomalous breed.

The next in rank to the king is his own father, Pomarre, who aéls as regent for his fon. He is reprefented as of very amiablenbsp;manners, and peculiarly attached to us. He is the largeft man onnbsp;the ifland, being above fix feet four inches high, and ftrong built.nbsp;Our taileft men in the fhip hardly reached his Ihoulders ; and henbsp;would weigh againft three or four; yet he is no warrior, and innbsp;military prowefs exceeded by his wife Iddeah, a woman of a moftnbsp;mafculine appearance and difpofition. They live together in greatnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

harmony, though they have ceafed to cohabit. He firft took her younger lifter to wife, and then another woman ; and fliè has a fer-vant of her own, by whom fhe has had more children than one, allnbsp;of whom have been murdered, Ihe being now a member of the arreoynbsp;fociety.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

The next in dignity are the chiefs in the feveral diftridts ; fome of whom are fupreme in more than one diftriót, and exercife in theirnbsp;own territories all regal power, yet ftill fubjedl to Otoo as fovereignnbsp;paramount, and liable to be called upon for afliftance : thefe, alfo,nbsp;have houfes and lands in many diftrids, which, as they cannotnbsp;occupy themfelves, they commit to the care of fuperintendants, callednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;»

medicas, or give them to their tayos, who enjoy all the ufufruits

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;331

without being called to any account, and fliare them with the chiefs when they come to refide themfelves.

Next to thefe are the towhas, the near relations, or younger .brothers, or tayos, of the chiefs : and if there are more chiefs thannbsp;J one, the diftridt is divided into different pädtdoos, or parifhes, andnbsp;. each of thefe have töwhas under him.

The next rank is the rafirra, or gentleman, who has one portion to the töwha’s three. Thefe fmaller eftates are called rähoe, from thenbsp;power the ratirra has to lay a prohibition on his own land, or on anynbsp;particular fort of provifion, as well as the töwha on his portion, andnbsp;the chief on the whole; but this power, though fometimes abufed,nbsp;is ufually employed after a great confumption of provifions, or tonbsp;accumulate them for fome magnificent feaft. The principal objectsnbsp;of the rähoe are hogs, though fometimes it extends alfo to other fortsnbsp;of provifionsj as when they find the fiiell-fifli fcarce on the reefs,nbsp;the ratirra can rähoe his portion, which is done by fticking up at thenbsp;extremities of it two branches of a tree, to which a white cloth is attached ; and no perfon dares fifli there whilft thefe remain. Whennbsp;the rähoe is taken off, and the offering of a hog and fifh is made, thenbsp;place is again free, and a feaft given by the perfon who put on thenbsp;rähoe : this is called oröa ; and befides feafting the guefts, it is ex-pedfed that he fhould prefent them with large quantities of cloth ;nbsp;fome of this is thrown to the populace to fcramble for, which makesnbsp;fport, the cloth being torn into ribands; and however fmall, theynbsp;prefer it to a larger piece, which they might have for afking : thefenbsp;narrow flips they wear as favours in honour of the feaft. The youngnbsp;men wreftle, the women dance, and the feaft is often prolongednbsp;, feveral days.

When fuch a feaft is made by a chief on taking off the rähoe from a whole diftridf, it is called towröa; then larger quantities of cloth,nbsp;live hogs, bamboos of oil, and even canoes, are given to be fcramblednbsp;for. At thefe greater entertainments moft of the chiefs of the iflandnbsp;. are prefent, vaft numbers of the arreoies, and all defcriptions ofnbsp;u u a

333 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

people. The towroa refcmbles a country fair, to which every one who goes brings home fomething to fliow where he has been, withnbsp;this difference, that here it cofts them nothing ; and befides the fportnbsp;of the hërroo, they are feafted all the time. Hogs innumerable arenbsp;dreflèd on this occafion ; and a ftranger would fuppofe every one onnbsp;the ifland had been collected. The cloth and canoes feldom fall to thenbsp;fliare of the fame perfon, but are moftly rent in pieces ; and he whonbsp;gets the largeft piece is the beft man. If feveral of a family feizenbsp;and carry off the canoe, it is their own j and he who firft catches thenbsp;hog, carries it home.

The things appointed for this fport are all brought together in an open fpace. The chief’s men hold the hogs faft, till the prieft hasnbsp;made a long prayer on the occafion : at the conclufion of it he throwsnbsp;a young plantain into one of tlie canoes, which ftand in a row, withnbsp;malls eredted to fpread the cloth, and hang the bamboos of oil ; immediately on this fignal, the hogs, goats, and fowls, are let loofe,nbsp;and the young men and women begin the chafe, which continues anbsp;confiderable time before all are caught, and affords many a laughablenbsp;incident : after this, the prefents are given, and the feaft ferved up.nbsp;Wreftling and dancing occupy a part of every day and night whilenbsp;the feaft continues.

They have other feafts, held at the ratïrra’s moral, called oboo nôe, where they meet in fmaller companies, baking a hog, and eating itnbsp;on the fpot; and if not cleared the firft day, they muft come thenbsp;fécond, or the third, as none muft be removed from the morai.nbsp;The chief of the padtdoo, and the priefts, are always invited on thefenbsp;occafions ; and if abfent, a portion is put by for them till they arrive,nbsp;which they feldom fail to do. If the chief does not come, the prieftsnbsp;are entitled to his portion. At this feaft no woman, nor any of hernbsp;male attendants, can be prefent, or partake of it. At all thefe theynbsp;brew plenty of yava j and they who can get it, drink it greedily.

When the hog is taken from the oven, the prieft offers a long prayer, and on a plantain-leaf collects a fmall portion of all the pro-.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

vifions, with a bit of yava'root, placing, them on the altar, as an oblation to the Eatöoa. The hog is then divided into as manynbsp;fliares as perlons ; each-eats as much as he pleafes, and puts the remainder into a baikct, covered with leaves, till he returns to finifh hisnbsp;portion. If a ftranger paffes by at the time, he is always invited tanbsp;partake, provided he declares himfelf râa, or a clean perfon ; if not,nbsp;he refufes, nor dare they tell a lie - far fliould the impofition benbsp;deteded, death only could expiate the offence.

The women and their fervants have their feparate feafts alfo, called oehumöo, Thefe are generally of fhh, and not kept on facred ground.nbsp;Any man who is invited may partake with them.

The loweft dais in fociety, after the ratirra, is the manahoune-y they cultivate the land, and moft refemble our cottagers : fome arenbsp;räa, or hallowed ; and others common or unclean. Thefe hold undernbsp;the töwhas and ratirras, anfwer all their demands to the beft of theirnbsp;ability, make cloth for them, build their houfes, or affift in anynbsp;laborious work required of them ; yet their vaffalage compels no confiant fervice or reffdence : they may change chiefs, and go to anothernbsp;diftrid. ' '

The fervants of whatever dafs are called Zoz/Zozz; and fach as wait wholly on the women, tiiti ; nor is it uncommon to find young mennbsp;of the firft families fo debafed j though by fuch feminine fervice theynbsp;become excluded from, all religious folemnities.

There yet remains a ftt of men of the moft- execrable caff, called mahoQs, affeding the manners, drefs, geftures, and voice of females,nbsp;and too horrid to be defcribed.

In the fcale of rank, birth enjoys Angular didindion. A chief is always a chief; and though expelled from his command, lofing hisnbsp;diftrid, or having his honours transferred to his child, he continuesnbsp;noble and refpeded; on the other hand, no acquifition can raife anbsp;common man to a higher dation than that of töwha, or ratirra; yetnbsp;the mcaneft are in no flavifh dependence. The honour and refped.;nbsp;which they pay their chief, is rather through force of cuftom thans

-334 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;• FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

the fear of punifliment. They are admitted as their companions on 'all occafions, and treated with perfeét freedom ; indeed, in outwardnbsp;-appearance they can hardly be diftinguifhed. The king is not averfenbsp;to converfe with the loweft of his fubjedls, or to be their vifitor j andnbsp;t never treats them with hauteur. His retinue is often changing : nonbsp;man ferves him longer than he pleafes. They have no wages, nornbsp;-engage for any Rated time, though fome-remain in the fame familynbsp;all their lives j and thefe ancient domeftics are as much refpeéled asnbsp;-their own relations,” giving directions to the younger branches, andnbsp;managing, as Rewards, the affairs of the houfehold without control.

All are friendly and generous, even to a fault ; they hardly refufe •any thing to each other if importuned. Their prefents are liberal,nbsp;even to profufion. Poverty never makes a man contemptible j but tonbsp;be affluent and covetous is the greateR fliame and reproach. Shouldnbsp;any man betray fymptoms of incorrigible avaricioufnefs, and refufe tonbsp;' part with what he has in a time of neceffity, his neighbours wouldnbsp;foon deRroy all his property, and put him on a footing with thenbsp;quot; pooreR, hardly leaving him â houfe to cover his head. They willnbsp;give their clothes from their back, rather than be called pëere pëere,nbsp;¦ or flingy.

RefpeCling property, they have no writing or records, but memory and landmarks. Every man knows his own; and he would benbsp;thought of all characters the bafeR, who fhould attempt to infringenbsp;on his neighbour, or claim a foot of land that did not belong to him,nbsp;or his adopted friend ; for the tayo may ufe it during his friend’snbsp;lifetime, and if he has no child, poffefs it at his death.

If a man bequeaths his property to another on his death-bed, no perfon difputes the bequeR, as there are always witneffes abundant tonbsp;the gift, if the heir is not prefent. The landmarks fet by theirnbsp;anceRors, the father points out to the fon or heir; and Riould anynbsp;difpute arife, through their decay or removal, multitudes know wherenbsp;they Rood, and the matter is in general eafiiy fettled. Indeed it isnbsp;much the fame in all litigations ; the cafe is referred to a by-Rander,

2

Appenhix.] to the SOUTH-SExl ISLANDS.

and the party which he declares in the wrong fubmits, and makes the other a peace-offering of the plantain-ftalk. Men feldom or nevernbsp;fight in confequence of any perfonal quarrel. If any matter ofnbsp;ferions offence is given, the whole family or diftriét take it up, andnbsp;go to war with their adverfaries ; but if they chufe not to fight, anbsp;peace-offering muft be made, which is never refufed ; if they willnbsp;fight, the weakefi muff fuffer; and as all the relations adopt thenbsp;quarrel, there is fometimes much bloodfhed, and it frequently leadsnbsp;to a general war. Such broils, indeed, are fometimes produced bynbsp;what appears to us a very trifling matter; fuch as fcurrilous wordsnbsp;fpoken againft the heir of a large eftate, or even of a fmall one ;nbsp;negleä of proper refpeól to a child, and other things as trivial ; fornbsp;inftance, as the child from the moment of its birth becomes the headnbsp;of the family, the boundaries of his land are new marked with rudenbsp;images ; and if this new-born infant be a'towha, or ratirra, a numbernbsp;of little flags are fet up in different parts of the boundary ; to thefenbsp;all perfons of inferior rank muff uncover themfelves as they pafs,nbsp;whether by day or by night; and fhould this mark of homage benbsp;contemptuoufly negleóted, the mother flies to the fliark’s teeth andnbsp;cuts herfelf, and the party muff make his peace-offering with thenbsp;plantain : fhould this be refufed, the father and mother would tearnbsp;off the clothes from his back, and well drub him into the bargain.nbsp;The friends and relations on both fides fometimes arm, and fatalnbsp;confequences follow. Even a chief has been known to be drivennbsp;from his diftriót on account of a difpute originating about a poornbsp;man’s child fuppofed to be affronted by one of the fame rank' withnbsp;himfelf.

The famous, or rather infamous arreoy fociety, confiffing of noble perfons in general, have alfo different ranks among themfelves,nbsp;like our freemafons, known by the manner of their tattooing. Thenbsp;highefl: are called ava’ bly arëema tatôwe; the next, arëema bly ; the .nbsp;third,, ahöwhöa; the fourth, harrotëa; the fifth, e’öte öle; thenbsp;fixth and feventh, po, and mo, youths training up.

336 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix;

SECTION in.

Inhabitants.—Men, Women, and Children.—Abodes.

THE natural colour of the inhabitants is olive, inclining to copper. Some are very dark, as the fifhermen, who are moftexpofed to the funnbsp;andfea; but the women, who carefully clothe themfelves, and avoidnbsp;the fun-beams, are but a fhade or two darker than an Europeannbsp;brunette. Their eyes are black and fparkling ; their teeth white andnbsp;even j their flcin foft and delicate ; their limbs finely turned ; theirnbsp;hair jetty, perfumed, and ornamented with flowers ; but we did notnbsp;think their features beautiful, as, by continual preflure from infancy,nbsp;which they call touröome, they widen the face with their hands,nbsp;diftend the mouth, and flatten the nofe and forehead, which givesnbsp;them a too mafculine look j and they are in general large, and widenbsp;over the fhoulders ; we were therefore difappointed in the judgmentnbsp;we had formed from the report of preceding vifitors j and thoughnbsp;here and there was to be feen a young perfon who might be efteemednbsp;comely, we faw few who, in faét, could be called beauties ; yet theynbsp;poflefs eminent feminine graces : their faces are never darkened with anbsp;fcowl, or covered with a cloud of fullennefs or fufpicion.

Their manners are affable and engaging; their'flep eafy, firm, and graceful ; their behaviour free and unguarded ; always boundlefs innbsp;generofity to each other, and to ftrangers; their tempers mild, gentle,nbsp;and unaffèéled ; flow to take offence, eafily pacified, and feldomnbsp;retaining refentment or revenge, whatever provocation they may havenbsp;received. Their arms and hands are very delicately formed; andnbsp;though they go barefoot, their feet are not coarfe and fpreading.

As in all warm climates, the women in general here come earlier to puberty, and fade fooner, than in colder and more northern coun-

Appendix] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

tries J though in fome the features continue little changed even to grayhairs ; and what is remarkable, fome are faid to fade, and revive again, retaining their comelinefs beyond thofe who have not experienced fuchnbsp;a change. Many, indeed, who lead a dilTolute life, receive theirnbsp;immediate punifhment, and are old and hagard at thirty j whilftnbsp;others, who have lived more decently, or, at leaft, have been lefsnbsp;profligate, retain all the fprightlinefs and vigour of youth at fifty.

As wives, in private life, they are affeéfionate, tender, and obedient to their hulbands, and uncommonly fond of their children :nbsp;they nurfe them with the utmoft care, and are particularly attentive tonbsp;keep the infant’s limbs-fupple and ftraight. A cripple is hardly evernbsp;feen among them in early life. A ricketty child is never known ;nbsp;any thing refembling it would refleâ the highefl: difgrace on thenbsp;mother. If an utter flranger ciifcovers the leaft defcdt in a child, henbsp;makes no fcruple to blame the mothér, and imputes it to her want ofnbsp;fenfe and experience in miffing : fo that if the child is not bornnbsp;radically defedlive, which is feldom the cafe, they will mould itnbsp;into a proper fhape. A perfon knock-kneed, or bow-legged, isnbsp;fcarcely to be found : in the whole ifland we faw only three humpbacked boys, in three different diftridts.

The men in general are above our common fize j but the chiefs a larger race, few of them fhort of fix feet high j and Pomärre four ornbsp;five inches higher, and proportionably bulky. They carry their agenbsp;well i and are healthy and vigorous at a very advanced time of life,nbsp;if not infedled with difeafe : fuch are Otey, the grandfather of Otoo,nbsp;and Männe Manne, the high-prieft, and others. The exadt amountnbsp;of their years can only be colledled from circumftances, as they keepnbsp;no regular computation of time ; yet from events which they relate,nbsp;a pretty accurate calculation may be formed. Many were alive innbsp;I *791 who remembered the lofs of one of Roggewein’s fquadron at annbsp;ifland north of Otaheite, in 1722.

The drefs of both fexes is nearly the fame, excepting that the men wear a narrow piece of cloth, which, palling round the waift, goes

X X

FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

between the thighs, and is tucked in before, named the märro, and may be called their breeches. An oblong piece, like a piece of printednbsp;calico, not a yard wide, witli a hole in the middle to admit thenbsp;head, hangs down before and behind, with the fides open, fallingnbsp;loofe as low as the knees, and leaving the arms quite uncovered: thisnbsp;is the teböota. A fquare piece of cloth, doubled, of any fizenbsp;fuIRcient to pafs once and a half round the waift of the men, andnbsp;above the breafts of the women, under the taböota, is called paru :nbsp;this falls down only to the knees of the man, but to the mid-leg, andnbsp;often to the ankles of the woman ; and is fometimes tucked in at thenbsp;corner, f or confined by a girdle of cloth, plaited hair, or fine matting,nbsp;called tatdöoa. The women, befides, often wear a piece of cloth,nbsp;ahhöo, fquare, or oblong, folded, which they throw tafiily over all,nbsp;by way of cloak; this is generally of white cloth, and very fine. Thenbsp;other garments are of what colours they fancy moft. Inftead of thenbsp;märro, worn by the men, the women have a fmaller paru, beneathnbsp;the larger, as an under-petticoat.

When travelling, they ufually tuck up the paru, to prevent its being foiled or dirty. If perfons of rank appear with more than the ordinary quantity-of cloth around them, this is defigned for a prefent;nbsp;and they generally honour the perfon for whom it is intended withnbsp;winding it round him with their own hands.

The women uncover their fhoulders and breafts in the prefence of a chief, or on paffing the facred ground. Their bonnets refemble thenbsp;green fhades which our ladies ufe in fummer : they are often changed,nbsp;as they muft call them away on pafling the morai; but they arenbsp;replaced in a minute by plaiting, or weaving, the leaves of the cocoa-nut ; and for this they prefer the bright yellow leaves to the greennbsp;ones. The turban drefs and tamöu are never worn by the women butnbsp;at the heivas, and are called täao oôpo. Both fexes wear garlands ofnbsp;flowers and feathers, but no wig, or artificial coiffure. The tamöu isnbsp;made from the hair of their departed relatives, and held in the highefl:nbsp;eftimation ; it is feldom compofed of more than fix or nine hairs in

4

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

thicknefs, but is often five or fix fathoms long. They fometimes drefs with a garland of cocoa-nut fibres, ornamented with bits of pearl-Ihell, and the nails of the thumb and fingers of their deceafednbsp;relations ; thefe they ufe as mourning, and confider as very preciousnbsp;relics. The women have no morai, nor appropriate place of worfhip jnbsp;nor are they ever prefent at their folemnities j neverthelefs they fup-pofe they fliall be admitted to happinefs with the Eatooa, as well asnbsp;the men.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot; ,

In the tattooing of men and women there is a fmall fpot on the infide of each arm, juft above the elbow, which is a mark ofnbsp;diftinélion, and lhews that Rich a perfon may eat or touch his father’snbsp;and mother’s food, without rendering it räa, or facred ; it is a fortnbsp;of feal, that all the amöas have been performed. This is generallynbsp;received when the head is made free, which is the laft amöa, exceptnbsp;that of friendfhip and marriage. The man who does the tattooing tonbsp;young or old, is called at the pleafure of the parties, and no conftraintnbsp;is ever ufed. The young perfons will not fuffer him to leave offnbsp;while they can endure the ftroke of the inftrument, though theynbsp;make cries and lamentations as if he was killing them. Thenbsp;girls are always attended by fome female relations, who hold themnbsp;while ftruggling under the pain of the operation, encouraging themnbsp;to cry out, which they think helps to alleviate the anguifla. Whennbsp;the pain becomes exceffive, and they fay they can endure no more,nbsp;they ufe no compulfion. No perfon ever lifts his hand even to ftrikcnbsp;a child J on the contrary, the young girls under the operation willnbsp;often ftrike thofe who compafiSonate them, and wifti them to fufpendnbsp;the operation, as they are never efteemed women till the whole isnbsp;finifhed ; this fometimes lafts for a year, or'more, by intervals, fromnbsp;the commencement of the tattooing.

No where are children brought into the world with lefs pain or danger : the women fubmit to little or no confinement within doors,nbsp;but rife and go about as ufual. The infant prefently crawls, and foon

X X ?

340 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

begins to walk, and almoff as foon to fwim. They run about entirely naked, and are remarkably healthy and active.

They are generally acquainted with the art of converfing by figns, either in public or private, and perfeól mailers of the language ofnbsp;the eyes.

Their voice and fpeech are foft and harmonious. Their dialeél is the Italian of the South Seas, abounding with vowels, and expellingnbsp;every harlli and guttural found from their alphabet : this confiftsnbsp;only of feventeen letters, with which they exprefs themfelves withnbsp;great facility and precilion. Their pronouns are a llriking inllancenbsp;of this : thefe are different according to the number of perfons fpokennbsp;of: we, two only—we, two out of three in company—we, an indefinitenbsp;number, have each a different pronoun fpecifically marking the perfons ; and it is the fame in the others, both perfonal and poffeffive;nbsp;a fingularity perhaps unknown to any other language. Cgj kq s xznbsp;they can hardly articulate, or pronounce a word into the compofitionnbsp;of which thefe letters enter.

In general, the ingenuity of all their works, conlidering the tools theypolTefs, is marvellous. Their cloth, clubs, filhing implements,nbsp;canoes, houfes, all difplay great Ikill : their mourning dreifes, theirnbsp;war head-drefs and breall-plates, lhew remarkable tafle : their adjuff-ment of the different parts, the exadl fymmetry, the nicety of thenbsp;joining, are admirable : and it is allonilhing how they can withnbsp;fuch cafe and quicknefs drill holes in a pearl-lhell with a fhark’snbsp;tooth, and lb fine as not to admit the point of a common pin.

The men are excellent judges of the weather from the appearance of the fky and wind, and can often foretel a change fome daysnbsp;before it takes place. When they are going to any dillant illand,nbsp;and lofe fight of land, they fleer by fun, moon, and flars, as truenbsp;as we do by compafs. They have names for many of the fixednbsp;flars, and know their time of rifing and fitting with confiderablenbsp;precifion : and, what is more lingular, their names and the account

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

of them refemble, in many inftances, the Grecian fables : they have the twins, or two children, their Cafior and Pollux, amp;c.

Their year confifts of thirteen months. They calculate by the lunations of the moon, and by the fun pafling and repaying overnbsp;their heads. They pretend to foretel when the rains will fet in, andnbsp;whether they will be more or lefs violent than common, and preparenbsp;accordingly. They know the feafons for particular filh, and getnbsp;ready J when the bread-fruit will come in feafon; and whether the.nbsp;harvefi will be plentiful or fcanty, late or early. The day and nightnbsp;are divided into twelve equal parts, and they guefs pretty exadllynbsp;what the hour is by the fun and ftars.

They reckon in numbers from one to ten, then add m, before each number till they reach 20, reckoning onward thus : ättahäi i, ähöoroonbsp;IO; m, ättahäi it, amp;c. ; täöo 20, ättahäi,täöo 21 ; and fo on to five,nbsp;ërëema täöo, five twenties, or lOO. But at calculation they are nonbsp;adepts.

They compute difiances by the time it takes to pafs from one place to another. They meafure their fifiling-lines by the fathom, or fpan,nbsp;and found depths of water as accurately as ourfclvcs.

The common dwellings are about eighteen feet in the ridge-tree, oblong, and rounded at the ends. The furniture confifis of a few woodennbsp;trays and fiools for making their puddings, pofis to hang their balketsnbsp;of different forts to fiore their provifions, a large chefi on which thenbsp;mafier and miftrefs of the houfe often fleep, or on the floor fpreadnbsp;with matting and cloth, and covered with the fame ; frequently theynbsp;employ a canoe-houfe jufi fii flic lent for their length, and too low fornbsp;them to fiand erect ; and fometimes a bedfiead ; many in fine weathernbsp;fleep in the open air. Their pillow is a little wooden fiool, neatlynbsp;wrought out of one block ; and they who have no fuch, take the fioolnbsp;they fit upon in their canoes. Their ufual feat is the ground, crofs-legged ; but they have feats with which they are always ready to compliment a ftranger. The unmarried women fleep next their parents, and:

342 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

occupy one end of the houfe ; the unmarried men the other. The fervants ufually fleep in the women’s eating-houfe, or near it.

Their houfes are full of fleas, which harbour in the floor, and arc very troublefome ; though the natives are much lefs affected by themnbsp;than we are : they fay they were brought to them by the Europeans.nbsp;One of our miflionaries writes, he has been obliged to get up at midnight, and to run into the fea to cool himfelf, and get rid of thenbsp;fwarm of difagreeable companions. This, among other caufes, hasnbsp;made the call for bedfteads great, as they find the comfort of thisnbsp;mode of fleeping. Their bed-clothes are the garments they wear, ifnbsp;they have no other, which is frequently the cafe with the commonnbsp;people and fervants, who, in that warm climate, little trouble them-felves about clothes or the care of them.

They have no partitions in their houfes ; but, it may be affirmed, they have in many inftances more refined ideas of decency than our-felves i and one, long a refident, fcruples not to declare, that he nevernbsp;faw any appetite, hunger and thirft excepted,. gratified in public.nbsp;It is too true, that for the fake of gaining our extraordinary curio-fit ies, and to pleafe our brutes, they have appeared immodeft in thenbsp;extreme. Yet they lay the charge wholly at our door, and fay thatnbsp;Englifhmen are afhamed of nothing, and that \Ve have led them tonbsp;public adls of indecency never before pradifed among themfelves.nbsp;Iron here, more precious than gold, bears down every barrier ofnbsp;reftraint ; honefty and modefly yield to the force of temptation.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

SECTION IV.

Deities of the South Seas.

THOUGH the world was at firft of one fpeech and one religion, all confefiing Jehovah in triune exiftence, the trüe tradition begannbsp;foon to be obfcured. On the difperfion of mankind, gods many andnbsp;lords many were created. The Eaft, amidft its thoufand deities, ftillnbsp;preferved fome traces of the triune God. Whoever reads the ingeniousnbsp;Mr. Morris’s account of India will receive fingularly curious information on this fubjeél. However abfurd the notions of deity andnbsp;creation may appear, now retained by the Otaheiteans, the mollnbsp;poliflred nations of Greece and Rome devoutly embraced equal ab-furdities. It fliould afford matter of great thankfulnefs, that we havenbsp;been refcued from the darknefs of idolatry. So far at lead: hath thenbsp;world been indebted to Chriflianity, that wherever this hath prevailed, before it every idol hath mouldered into duft.

The deities of Otaheite are nearly as numerous as the perfons of the inhabitants. Every family has its tee, or guardian fpirit, whomnbsp;they fet up, and worfhip at the morai : but they have a great god ornbsp;gods of a fuperior order, denominated Fw ha now Po, born of night.

The general name for deity, in all its ramifications, is E a too a.

Three are held fupreme ; ftanding in a height of celeftial dignity that no others can approach unto : and, what is more extraordinary,nbsp;the names are perfonal appellations ;

I. Tâne, te Medöoa, the Father.

3. Oromattow, ’Tooa tee te Myde,

God in the Son.

3. Taroa, Mannoo te Hooa, the Bird, the Spirit.

To thefe, the dii majores, they only addrefs their prayers in times

[Appen dix. of greatefl diftrcfs, and feafons of peculiar exigency, fuppofing themnbsp;too exalted to be troubled with matters of lefs moment than the illnefsnbsp;of a chief, ftorms, devafiations, w’ar, or any great calamity. Indeed,nbsp;fear and differing feem to be more powerful motives to worfliip thannbsp;gratitude. The houfe of thefe fwhanow po is at Opârre, where' thenbsp;chief earie rahie refides.

The following names of other gods are colledfed : Orohho, Otoo, Tamaharro, Tcy’erec, Orouhatoo, Oehawhow, Tarama, Toaheite,nbsp;Vaveah.

For general worfhip they have an inferior race, a kind of dii penates. Each family has its tee or guardian fpirit : he is fuppofednbsp;to be one of their departed relatives, who, for his fuperior excellencies,nbsp;has been exalted to an eatooa. They fuppofe this fpirit can inflictnbsp;ficknefs or remove it, and preferve them from a malignant deity whonbsp;alfo bears the name tec, and is always employed in mifehief.

They have a tradition, that once in their anger the great gods broke the whole world into pieces ; and that all the ihands aroundnbsp;them are but little parts of what was once ‘uenooa nie, the great land,nbsp;of which their own ifland is the eminent part. A curious conver-fation held with Männe Manne, the high prieft, and Täatä Orëro,nbsp;the orator and oracle of the country for tradition, is as follows interpreted by the Swede Andrew :

In the beginning, Täne took Tarôa, and begat Avye, frefh water ; Atye, or Të Mydë, the fea ; alfo Awa, the water-fpout ; Matäi, thenbsp;wind ; Arye, the fley ; and Pô, the night j then Mahänna, the fun,nbsp;in the Ihape of a man called Oerôa Taböoa : when he was born, allnbsp;his brethren and filters turned to earth ; only a daughter was left, bynbsp;name Tôwnoo ; flie became the wife of Oerôa Tabôoa, by whom flicnbsp;conceived thirteen children, who are the thirteen months : i. Papeeree ;nbsp;2. Ownoonooj 3. Paroromooa; 4. Paroromoree; 5. Mooreeha ; 6.nbsp;Heaiha; 7. Taoaj 8. Hoorororeraj g. Hooreeama j 10. Teayre jnbsp;li.Tetai; 12. Waeahoj 13. Weaha.

Tôwnoo now returned to earth, and Oerôa Tabôoa embraced a rock called Poppoharra Harreha, which conceived a fon named Tetoo-

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;345

boo amata hatoo j after which the rock returned to its original ftate, and the father of the months himfelf died, and went to duft. Thenbsp;fon he left embraced the fand of the fea, which conceived a fonnbsp;of the name of Tec, and a daughter called Opeera j then he alfonbsp;died, and returned to the earth. Tee took his fifter Opeera tonbsp;wife, who produced a daughter Oheera, Reene, Moonoa j the mother died, and the father furvived : in her illnefs flie entreated hernbsp;huiband to cure her, and file would do the fame for him if he fellnbsp;ftek, and thus they might live for everj but the hufband refufed,nbsp;and preferred her daughter, whom, on her deceafe, he took for hisnbsp;wife. The daughter bore him three fons and three daughters : thenbsp;fons. Ora, Wanoo, Tytory ; the daughters, Hennatoomorrooroo,nbsp;Henaroa, Noowya. The father and mother dying, the brothers faid.nbsp;Let us take our fifters to wife, and become many. So men began tonbsp;multiply upon the earth.

Refpedling a future ftate, they fuppofe no perfon perifhes or becomes extindl. They allow no punifhment after death, but degrees ofnbsp;eminence and felicity, as men have been here moft pleafing to the deity.nbsp;They regard the fpirits of their anceftors, male and female, as exaltednbsp;into eatöoas, and their favour to be fecured by prayers and offerings.nbsp;Every ficknefs and untoward accident they efteem as the hand ofnbsp;judgment for fome offence committed; and therefore, if they havenbsp;injured any perfon, they fend their peace-offering, and make thenbsp;matter up ; and if fick, fend for the prieft to offer up prayers andnbsp;facrifices to pacify the offended eatöoa j giving any thing the prieftsnbsp;afk, as being very reluófant to die. But if they find their cafe def-perate, they take leave of their friends, and commend them to thenbsp;guardian fpirits, exhorting them to be more careful of offending themnbsp;than they themfelves had been. When the fpirit departs from thenbsp;body, they have a notion it is fwallowed by the eatöoa bird, whonbsp;frequents their burying-places and morais ; and paffes through himnbsp;in order to be purified, and be united to the deity. And fuch are

340 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

afterwards employed by him to attend other human beings, and to inflidt punifhment, or remove ficknefs, as fliall be judged requifite.

The evil demon named Tee has no power but upon earth ; and this he cxercilcs by getting into them with their food, and caufing mad-nefs or other difeafes j but thefe they imagine their tutelar faints, ifnbsp;propitious, can prevent or remove.

They believe the Hars were the children of the fun and moon, attributing every fubllance to procreative power ; and when the funnbsp;and moon are eclipfed, they fuppofe them in the adl of copulation J and pretend to foretel, from their appearance at fuch times, thenbsp;future events of war, ficknefs, or the like.

They imagine when a ftar Ihoots (as we call it), it is the Eatöoa : that in the moon there is a vaft country with trees and fruits : that anbsp;bird of Otaheite once flew up thither, and ate of the fruit ; and onnbsp;his return, dropped fome of the feeds, from which a great tree fprang,nbsp;of which the bird flill eats, and of no other.

With regard to their worfhip, Captain Cook does the Otaheiteans but jufiice in faying, they reproach many who bear the name ofnbsp;Chriftian. You fee no inftances of an Otaheitean drawing near thenbsp;Eatöoa with careleffnefs and inattention ; he is all devotion; he approaches the place of worfliip with reverential awe ; uncovers whennbsp;he treads on facred ground ; and prays with a fervour .that would donbsp;honour to a better profeffion. He firmly credits the traditions of hisnbsp;anceflors. None dares difpute the exiflence of deity,. They putnbsp;great confidence in dreams, and fuppofe in fleep the foul leaves thenbsp;body under the care of the guardian angel, and moves at large throughnbsp;' the regions of fpirits. Thus they fay. My foul was fuch a night innbsp;fuch a place, and faw fuch a fpirit. When a perfon dies, they faynbsp;his foul is fled away, harre gone to night. It is Angular, thatnbsp;Pomarre declared to the miifionaries that he had, before their arrival,nbsp;been dreaming abouti the /peaking boak^ which they fliould bringnbsp;from the Eatöoa,

AppexNdixJ to the SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.

They entertain a high idea of the power of fpirits. In the beautiful and romantic view of Taloo harbour the remarkable peaked mountainnbsp;is faid to be but a part of the original one. Some fpirits from Ulietëanbsp;had broken off the other half, and were tranfporting it down the bay,nbsp;in order to carry it away with them, but, being overtaken by thenbsp;break of day, they were obliged to drop it near the mouth of thenbsp;harbour, where it now flands confpicuous as a rock j for, like thenbsp;elves and fairies of our anceflors, thefe fpirits walk and work by night.

Their fuperftitious notions of this kind are endlefs ; unhappily, their moft unnatural and cruel cuftoms are connected with them, and theynbsp;are tenacious of the worft, fearing the negleót of thefe, though inadvertently, would bring down the difpleafure of the Eatooa upon them,nbsp;and expofe them to ficknefs or death.

SECTION V.

Priejlhood and Sacrifices,

THE priefts at the Society Illands are a pretty numerous body j they are in every diftridl : Männe Manne feems to be the firft amongnbsp;them for knowledge and traditionary information : he is alfo monarchnbsp;of Ulietëa by right, though an exile. Temärre, the chief of Pap para,nbsp;of the feed royal, is alfo high in the facerdotal office. The prieflhoodnbsp;is divided into two orders : the tahowra morai, and the tahowranbsp;Eatooa. As tahowra morai, they officiate.in all the prayers and oblationsnbsp;made at the morais : thefe prayers are uttered in a chant that cannot benbsp;underflood, and was fuppofed to be a peculiar facred language ; butnbsp;that is now thought to be a miflake, and the obfeurity owing to thenbsp;mere manner of utterance. All the chiefs officiate as priefts on fomenbsp;,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Y Y a

348 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.