IN THE YEARS 1796, I797, I798, ’ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;IN THE

Drawn by Mr. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Wilson, and engraved by the moft eminent Artifts.

APPENDIX, INCLUDING DETAILS NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED, OF THE NATURAL AND CIVIL STATE OF OTAHEITE;

BY A COMMITTEE APPOINTED FOR THE PURPOSE BY THE DIRECTORS OF THE MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

whom can the Miffionary Society fo properly dedicate thefe firft-fruits of their labours as to Your Majesty, 'by whofe order the voyages of difcovery were firft undertaken, which have brought into view the numerous iflands difperfed over the Pacific Ocean ? The reports made concerning them attracted the general attention of European nations ; and Your Majesty’s fubjeâis felt themfelves peculiarly interefted, whether their views led them to confider thefe difcoveries as tending to enlarge the bounds of fcience, or as opening a field of commercial fpeculation. A nobler objeét, Sire, has engaged the attention of the Miffionary Society, who, believing CHRISTIANITY to be the greateft bleffing ever imparted to mankind, defired to communicate that ineftimable gift, with all its happy effects, to thefe nnenllghtened regions.

On landing among thefe iflanders, our compaffions were more powerfully excited to find their population greatly diminifhed^ and, through the prevalence of vice, tending to utter extindion. On this account we conceive it to be our duty to make the moft vigorous efforts, in dependence on the bleffing of Almighty God, for the amelioration of their wretched eftate. »

Perfuaded of Your Majesty’s gracious approbation of our labours, and encouraged by the moft aufpicious commencements, we have determined on renewed exertions. Whatever beneficial confequences may refult from the attempt, we fliall be happy to afcrlbe them, under GOD, to Your Majesty’s government as their origin ; and we embrace this public occafion of offering the dutiful homage of

The impatience of our brethren to gratify the curiofity of the public, muft plead our excufe that the following papers are arranged in a lefs lucid order than we could have wilhed. In colledfing from the public and private journals, we have defired to preferve the language of the relator, which,.if not the moft polilhed, may not-withftanding be the moft affecting. The body of the journal is the compofition of Mr. William Wilfon, from the Captain’s papers, his own, and the Mifiionaries’ reports. As there was a neceflity of filling up fome chapters from the journals of the Mifiionaries them-felves, there will fometimes be obferved a change of perfons, according as individuals, or the body, are introduced fpeaking. It is hoped that our readers will pardon this defedt, and that whatever perplexity it may occafion will be removed by referring to the lift of Errata. It was deemed improper to alter cufiomary maritime phrafes for the fake of grammatical accuracy. We fliall be truly happy, if the information here detailed fhall produce fome powerful imprefiion on the minds of our countrymen ; intereff them more tenderly in - behalf of the wretched heathen ; and excite fuitable efforts to repair the miferies which Europeans have in part occafioned, as well as to refeue from defiruótion of body and foul a gentle race of fellow-men, who have, toward our own nation efpecially, expreffed the moft .affeâionate attachment.

'^'^'3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;thus, , fays a mifiionary.

’7, yö'-in the, «„1/, this. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,

fi' communiate, read, communicate, ^5gt; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;yôreut, read, hut. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;•

Line from Page, bottom.

i8i, 196» ’98x
i8i, 196» ’98x	’4,	ƒ /or Sinnety read, Skinner.
313,	‘‘5,	yor throughont, read, throughout.
230,	I,	for i8th, ready i^th.
245,	27,	for Fynogge, ) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.
255.	2S,	for Fenogge, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Foonogge,
251,	’3,	^lt;i™r®“’‘'quot;quot;’CasFuttafa^^
ib.	I,	ffter the, „lt;7/ fouth-
2i9,	2£gt;,	a/zrr July ift, „rf/ Aheefo)
260,	2°,	fir Mooe, read, Mooree,
ib, 261,	•2, 20,	after 12th, add, (at Ardeo), after 14th, ao'a', (at Aheefo).
adj,	24,	fir third, read, fourth.
265,	28,	after 26th, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(at Ardeo).
ib. 270,	18, 30,	after 30th, add, {ft. Ahztio], omit others.
«ib.	26,	after nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;add, a^ny.
a88,	32,	fir 1^02
ib.	2 2,	/or Maitland, read, Direftio’n,
298»	2,	for everal, read, feveral, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4
3lt;1‘4,		/r Warto, read, ^lt;[21x0.
ib.	s,	fir Shievo, rea/ Heevo,
343)	23,	fir Morris, read, Maurice,
387,	28,	/r wrinkles, read, winkles.

Uißorical Account of Otaheite - nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;vjj

Ißands connected with Otaheite nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;xxxvi

Instructions to Captain Wilfon ~ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;~ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ixxxix

gt; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;• nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Î .

Run to Rio f aneiro—Reception^.and Obfervations nbsp;nbsp;- - nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;of '

Occurrences on landing at Otaheite^ and during the frß yßf to that yiand .................

Divifion of the Mifionaries—Voyage to Eongataboo . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;» gz

The relation which geographical knowledge bears to miffionary exertion is as obvious as it is important. If lincere and enlightened Chriftians had been attentive to the magnitude, the population, and the moral and religious ftate of the countries which are ftill deftitute' of the gofpel, it feems impoffible that they Ihould ever have remitted their labours for the converfion of the heathen. A deficiency of information upon thefe interefting fubjects is not merely to be lamented as an occafion of fatal negligence ; it is alfo to be guarded againft as a caufe of error, and of failure, in the conduót of miflionary efforts. If thefe are excited only by cafual difcoveries of the wretched condition in which fome detached parts of the heathen world exift, other nations are liable to be difregarded, which, in a variety of refpeds, might be preferable objeds of evangelical miffions.

For the reafons which determined the Miffionary Society at London to commence its operations with a voyage to the Pacific Ocean, we refer the reader to a well-known Memoir, which was publicly delivered when the Society was formed in September 1795, and is annexed to an impreffion of the Sermons that were preached on the occafion. That decifion having been made, the utmoft diligence was ufed to colled into a difiind and comprehenfive view, the information that was fcgttered through numerous printed volumes, or b

ii nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

was attainable by means of manufcript and verbal communications, refpeâing thofe idands which it appeared praticable to vifit in the projected voyage. An extenfive compilation of this nature was put into the hands of the miflionaries ; and feveral maps were conftructed, to illuftrate the geographical details, as well as to aflift the intended navigation ; the materials from which thefe were formed having till then remained unconnected, or been exhibited only upon a minute general female.

By an abridgment of the accounts thus compiled, it is attempted, in this preliminary difeourfe, to gratify perfons who may wifh for a compendium of the principal information to be derived from former voyages refpeding the three iflands to which our'miffionaries have happily gained accefs. Thefe places are defcribed in the fame order in which they were vifited by Captain Wilfon ; and to the account of each is fubjoined a brief defcription of other iflands with which a habitual intercourfe is maintained from thence ; and to which we may therefore hope the ufefulnefs of our brethren will gradually be extended *. A few general remarks upon the Pacific Ocean, and the countries fituated within its limits, appear neceflary both to introduce and to conclude the whole.

This ocean, which covers almoft half the globe, was unknown to Europeans at the commencement of the fixteenth century, having been firft feen from the iflhmus that conneéls the continents called North and South America, on the 25th of September 1513, by a Spaniard named Bafco Nunez de Balboa. Its weftern boundary had been approached by the Portuguefe only two years earlier, Francifeo Serrano having difeovered the Molucca iflands immediately after the conqueft of Malacca by the celebrated Albuquerque. To

* The general chart of Captain Wilfon’s track is neceflarily upon too finall a fcale to afford a fuitable reprefentation of thefe iflands ; but they are all delineated, an inch to a degree, in one of the above-mentioned maps, which has been publiflied for the benefit of the Milfionary Society, and is fold by Mr. Faden, Charing Crofs, and Mr. Chapman, Fleet Street, price los-plain, or 15s. coloured.

PRELIMINxVRY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;iii

ftîmulate exertion, and to preclude contention in the rival difcoverers’ from Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander the Sixth configned to the dominion of thefe two nations all heathen countries that Ihould be difeovered by them ; and allotted to each one half of the globe, commencing from the weftern limits of Brazil in South America, of which province the Portuguefe had previoufly obtained polfeffion. The imperfeólion of geographical fcience at that time left it doubtful to which of thefe hemifpheres the Moluccas belonged} and the precious fpices peculiar to thofe fmall illands rendered the decifion important. To afeertain this was the purpofe of the firft voyage acrofs the Pacific Ocean. It was planned and executed by Hernando de Magalhanes, who had ferved under Albuquerque at Malacca but having been ill rewarded by the court of Portugal, he withdrew to Spain, from whence he failed with five fhips under his command on the 21 fl of September 1519. He wintered in South America, and, in the Odober following, difeovered the lirait which has-fince borne his name. He entered the great South Sea on the 28th of November 1520; and having advanced northward to the tropic of Capricorn, proceeded in a north-weft courfe with fuch eafe and rapidity, that he judged the vaft ocean he was traverfing worthy to be called the Pacific. It is well known, that the prevailing winds between the tropics follow the path of the fun, where they are not diverted from it by heights of land ; and the incomparable breadth of this ocean affords an uninterrupted paflage to thofe eafterly currents of air, which, on account of the advantages that navigators derive from their regularity, are called the trade winds. Magalhanes having croffed the equator too foon to meet with the fertile iflands of the fouthern tropic, found no place of refrefhment till the 6th of March 1521, when he difeovered a range of fmall iflands in the longitude of 146 degrees eaft from Greenwich, and extending from ^3 ^9 degrees of north latitude. He named them Ladrones, on account of the thicvifti difpofition of the natives, which has fince been found univerfal in the Pacific Ocean. Proceeding weftward

he difcovevcd, on the loth of the fame month, one of the iftand's which have fince been called the Philippines. They form the northern-moft part of the grand archipelago which borders the coaft of Alia, extending from 19 degrees north latitude and 122 degrees eaft longitude, fouth-weftward to Malacca, and fouth-eaftward to New Guinea. At a fmall ifland of this group Magalhanes finiflied his courfe, being killed in ^n encounter'with the natives on the 27th of April. Some of his fhips afterward reached the Moluccas, the objets of their purfuit ; which are fituated amidft more extenfive iflands, in the ift degree of north latitude, and in 127! degrees eaft longitude. One fhip only of the fquadron, named the Vilt;ftory, with crew of no more than thirty perfons, under the command of Se-baftian Cano, returned by the Eaft Indies and the Cape of Good Hope to Europe, having accomplifhed the firft circumnavigation of the world within a period of three years.

Having, by a flcetch of this voyage, paid a tribute to the memory of Magalhanes, who conduéted an unequalled enterprife with the utmoft fortitude and Ikill, we can only notice fucceeding navigators in connexion with the iflands to be defcribed. In pointing ^out the fltuations of thefe, their latitude muft be underftood to be fouthward from the equator, if not otherwife exprefled j and their longitude is reckoned eaftward and weftward from the obfervatory at Greenwich toward its anti-meridian.

The want of a proper guide for the pronunciation of names ufed by the South-Sea iflanders, and the diverfity of modes in which they have been fpelled by writers and compilers of voyages, have long been fubjeóts of complaint. The remedy has become difficult in proportion to the extent of the evil. The variety of journals from which extracts are given in the narrative of Captain Wilfon’s voyage, has fruftrated, in a great meafure, the endeavours that were ufed to adopt an uniform and diftinól orthography throughout the volume. Whether the attempt made for that purpofc, in compiling the pre-fent introdudory difcourfe, is more fuccefsful, muft be left to the amp;

decîfîon of the reader. His attention, is requeued to thé following • rules of pronunciation, in which the genius of the language that is common to the places defcribed, and the eftablifhed orthography of thofe names which hatt become moll familiar, have been reciprocally confulted.

I ft. When a fingle vowel forms or clofes a fy liable, a is founded as in father i

zi nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3.^ '\x\. duty.

di is founded as in fail j nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;i

ei has the found of i long ; for which this improper diphthong has, from the firft, been fubftituted in names that are now become too familiar to be altered, as in Qtaheite^ Eimeo, Huaheine, amp;c.

All other combinations of vowels are to be pronounced, according to the preceding rules, in diftinót fyHables.

3dly. When’any fingle vowel is'followed, in the fame fy liable, by a confonant, it has its fhorteft found ; as in matter, gift, otter, upward,

ijthly. Every confonant, fingle vowel, or diphthong, uniformly retains a diftincft and appropriate found, fubjeét to the preceding rules. The letters w and y are therefore ufed only as confonants j g is always hard j and th is always founded as in think. The e is never mute. Thus Otaheite is to be pronounced fo as to rhyme with the adjeótive mighty.

vi nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

5thly. That fyliable on which the ftrongeft emphafis is to be placed is marked as a long fyllable (fo longataboo, Oh'ittahooJ when the words firft occur ; ,but this diftinólion, agreeably to Rule 4th, indicates no other change in the found of the vowels over which it is placed.

It appears necelfary farther to remark, that, as the dilfertations which form the Appendix of this volume, contain a copious defcrip-tion of the natural and civil Rate of Otaheite, nothing relative to that ifland is requifite here, but a hiftory of tranfadions that occurred previous to the voyage of the Duff. A prior perufal of the dilferta-tions will therefore be ufeful to thofe of our readers who defire to have in view the circumftances and eftabliflied cuftoms of the natives, while they purfue the hiftory. It may alfo affift to under-ftand the brief defcriptions here given of the other iflands, in which, to avoid'tautology, the points wherein they vary from Otaheite are principally infifted on. The coricifenefs that was indifpenfable, precluded obfervations which naturally refult from the various fads that are mentioned in the following account ; but we hope that this deficiency will be fupplied by, the refledions of our ferions readers. From a comparifon between the feveral parts of this volume, it will probably be acknowledged, in general, that additional demonftration is afforded to fome very important truths ; fuch are—the infufficiency of every natural enjoyment to eftablifh the real welfare of mankind j the tendency of an unreftrained gratification of appetites and paflions to produce horrid and deftrudive crimes j the advantages for which the moft civilized nations are in reality indebted to the gofpel; and -the far greater bleffings that are derived from the fame fource by •them who enter into the fpirit and power of chriftianity.

FREQUENT as the intercourfe of Europeans with the natives of this ifland has been for the laft thirty years, it is uncertain whether any interview between them had occurred at an earlier period. While the identity of various iflands vifited by modern navigators, with the early difcoveries of the Spaniards, has been indubitably proved, it is barely probable that Otaheite was feen by Pedro Fernandez de Quiros in 1606. He had failed with two fhips from Lima in Peru, to fearch for a continent, which he fuppofed to exift in the neighbourhood of feveral iflands that had been difcovered by him in a voyage performed eleven years before. For this purpofe he proceeded fouthward to the 27th degree of latitude ; but meeting only with a few low iflands, he returned into the latitude of his former difcoveries, and on his way ■fell in with an ifland, nth February, which, on account of the curve defcribed by its fhores, he named Sagittaria. His fmaller veflel anchored in a bay on the fouth coaft ; but the boats were prevented landing by the furf which beat upon the reefs. A young man, named Francifeo Ponce, fwam with much hazard to a rock, where the iflanders met and carefled him ; others of the Spaniards, imitating the fpirited example of Ponce, were equally well received. When they fwam back to the boats, they were accompanied by feveral of the natives, who, after having fome prefents made to them, returned, well pleafed, to their comrades on fliore. The next day the Spaniards, having hauled their boats over the reef, landed, without feeing any of the inhabitants ; they proceeded through a thick wood (in which they found a moräe, and erected a crucifix) toward a bay upon the oppofite fide of the ifland. They could obtain no frelh water in a plain which they fearched for it; but refrelhed themfelves with the milk of cocoa-nuts, which grew there abundantly. Loaded with this fruit, they returned to the landing-place, in wafer up to their

knees, along the meadow, over which the tide had flowed; they fe-embarked however without difficulty, a paflage through the reef having been found for the boats; and a very aged woman, whom they had met in the woods, willingly accompanied them to the fliips, where ffie was clothed and fed. When the was fent back to Ihore, fhe directed the Spaniards to fome of her countrymen, who were occupied with their canoes. The iflanders behaved amicably ; and fome of them, with their chief, ventured to go off with feveral Spaniards in the boat ; but being fuddenly alarmed, they leaped into the fea, except the chief, who was detained by force till they reached Quiros’s flrip. They could not perfuade him to go on board ; and therefore, having made him fome prefents, fent back the boat with him. The few Spaniards who remained on fhore had been furrounded, and threatened, by more than a hundred of the natives, armed with fpears and clubs. Upon the fafe return of the chief, a perfedt reconciliation took place ; and they parted very amicably, the natives proceeding toward a Imall iflet. They are defcribed as of a mulatto colour, well made, and deftitute of clothing, except the women, who were covered from the waift downward with cloth made of bark.

Quiros coafted this ifland to the north-weft the following day, and at noon obferved the latitude to be 17“ 40'. This coincides with the weftern fide of Otaheite ; but the filence of Quiros refpeóling the ifland of Eimëo, which would have been in fight from thence, is perfeólly unaccountable, and involves the identity of Otaheite with the Sagittaria of Quiros in much doubt. On the other hand, the place where the Spaniards landed, agrees very well with the ifthmus by which the two peninfulas of Otaheite are conneéled. The preceding account will enable our readers to form their own fentiments upon a fubjed of which different judgments have been adopted by refpedtable geographers.

Captain Wallis, in his Majefty’s ffiip Dolphin, difcovered Otaheite on the 19th of June 1767. The veffel being clofe to the fouth-eaft end of the ifland, was furrounded by a great number of canoes, with

' PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ix

more than eight hundred people on board : they, in general, behaved amicably, excepting that they ftole every thing they could feize. Thefe praélices brought on a flight ikirmifh, but peace was foon apparently eftablifhed. Captain Wallis fucceeded in getting to windward of the ifland during the night, and the next day failed along the eaftern coaft. On the following he anchored near the north-eaftern fhore ; and his boats being employed in founding, were attacked by the iflanders, one of whom was killed, and another wounded in the conteft. Traffic was notwithflanding fpeedily reftored. The native women ufed the moft ffiamelefs enticements to induce the failors to land, but they had the precaution not to quit their boats; and fome fmall calks, which they entrufted to the iflanders to procure frelh water, were ftolen by them.

Captain Wallis having weighed anchor on the 23d, difcovered the bay which is formed by the coaft of Mattaväe, the northernmoft diftriól of the ifland., Having doubled its north-eaftern cape, fince called Point Venus, the Dolphin ftruck upon a coral rock which is detached from the reef that borders the coaft. The fhip remained immoveable almoft an hour, and was then unexpeéledly relieved by a breeze which fprung up from the Ihore, The natives, in many hundred canoes, waited around to fee the event, which was likely to have been attended with the entire deftrucftion of the crew. They anchored, however, fbon afterward in the bay, and the veflel was found to have received little damage. The following day, while warping neàrer to the flrore, they were attacked by a multitude of large canoes, and fhowers of heavy ftones were poured in every direction upon the fliip. The iflanders renewed the aflault, even when they had been repulfed by the great guns ; but after repeated experience of their deftrudlive effèéls, they difperfed, and fled to the mountains.

The fhip having been moored abreaft of the river of Mattaväe, Lieutenant Furneaux landed, and without oppofition ereóled a Britifh pendant on the fhore, and formally took pofleffion of the ifland in the name of his own fovereign. This is a ceremony which has c

' x nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

been'continued from,the period when it was fuppofed that the pope had a right to difpofe of all countries inhabited by heathens. Whatever idea the iflanders formed of this tranlaclion, they did not fuffer the flag to remain till the following day. Oämmo, who at that time governed the larger penihfula of Otaheite in behalf of his fon Temärre, caufed it to be taken away during the night; and it was ufed long after as a kind of drefs which conftitutes the badge of royalty. The next morning a party of failors were compelled by the natives to retire from the river, to which they had been fent for frefli water; but the crowd being difperfed by the fliip’s guns, and many of their canoes being demolilhed by way of punifhment, they gave up their attempts at refiftance, and from that time became peaceable and docile. Oämmo retired from the fcene, probably left the Englilh •fhould revenge upon his perfon the aflaults they had fuftained. His confort Oberëa (or Poorëa) had been feparated from him after the birth of Temärre, apparently on account of her reludlance to deftroy the child. Her authority was not diminifhed by their feparation, and fhe exercifed it in affording the moft hofpitable reception to Captain Wallis and his people, many of whom were much reduced by illnefs. Thefe were ftationed on Ihore, and a regular traffic was eftabliffied for frelh provifions. It was, however, foon interrupted, and great inconvenience produced, by the licentious intercourfe of the crew with the female iflanders. This was unlikely to be checked by Oberëa, whofe charaóter for fenfuality exceeded even the ufual ftandard at Otaheite. At this time fhe cohabited with Toopäea, who had fled from his native place, Ulietëa, and had been appointed chief prieft at this ifland, He excelled all the South-Sea iflanders that have been known, for information and fagacity ; and diftinguifhed himfelf very early by his inquifitive difpofition, and his aptnefs to imitate the manners of the Englifh. An elderly man, of inferior rank, named Owhau, likewife rendered himfelf remarkable and ufeful, by his friendly attention to the navigators, and the prudence with which he negotiated between them and his countrymen. Under his guidance 2

Mr. Gore made fome progrefs into the interior of the ifland; and-' when provifions became fcarce at Mattavae, Owhau procured them from other diftridts. Ample fupplies having been obtained, and the health of the fhip’s company being re-eftablifhed, Captain Wallis failed on the ayth of July. He requited the hofpitality of Oberea with a variety of prefents ; among which were turkies, a gander and goofe, and a cat; with many iron utenfils, which the natives were eager to obtain, having learned the ufe of them from a neighbouring low ifland, named Tappoohöe, where a Dutch fhip, belonging to Roggewein’s fquadron, had been wrecked forty-five years before.

Early in April 1768, Otaheite was again vifited by Europeans. M. de Bougainville, in the Boudeufe frigate, accompanied by a ftore-Ihip, coafted this ifland to the eaftward, as Wallis had done; but was deterred from doubling Point Venus, by the appearance of the reef which enclofes it. A timid caution, which mofi: of the French navigators have betrayed when at fea, expofed M. de Bougainville to the inconvenience of anchoring within a reef on the windward fide of the ifland. He was amicably received by Orëtte, chief of Hedea, the diftridl where the fhips were moored. This perfon’s brother, Outooroo, attached himfelf to the commander immediately upon his arrival, and afterward accompanied him to France. The father of thefe young men, Owahöu, and fome other principal people of the diftriól, objeded, however, to the fick perfons being landed from the fhips, till an affurance was given that they would not remain many days.

M. de Bougainville was foon vifited by Tootahä, youngeft brother of Oämmo, who prefided over the wefternmoft diftridts of the ifland. He was accompanied by fevcral others of the royal family, whofe fuperior ftature diftinguifhed them from the reft of the company. It does not appear that Oammo, or Oberea, whofe ufual refidence was at the fouthernmoft part of the larger peninfula, vifited Hedëa during the ftay of the French, which lafted only eight days. It was apparently rendered the more pacific, in confequence of the experience the iflanders had derived from Captain Wallis’s vifit, whom they fup-c 3

pofed to have come from the fame country as M. de Bougainville. They fupplied abundance of provifions, and willingly adiftcd the working parties from the fhips, but availed themfelves of every opportunity to pilfer. Senfuality feems to have been praélifed with ftlll greater indecency than before, and feveral murders were privately committed by the French failors, notwithflanding the hofpitality with which they were entertained. A woman who had failed from France with the crew, difguifed in man’s apparel, was detected by the natives upon her landing. Accuftomed to fee the fexes clothed alike, they, immediately perceived the difference of, her fhape ; but they conceived mean ideas of European beauty from her countenance.

The French veffels failed 14th April, after the lofs of feveral anchors, their cables having been cut afunder by the coral rock. Within a few weeks afterwards M. de Bougainville found that feveral people on board, and Outöoroo himfelf, were infeéled with the venereal difeafe. Captain Wallis feems to have been peculiarly attentive to the Rate of his fhip’s company, and pofitively afferts that they were entirely free from every fymptom of this diforder fix months before, and ftill longer after their vifit at Otaheite. The accounts of the iflanders refpeding their previous knowledge of the complaint are confufed and contradiélory. The prefent exiftence, and the general prevalence of the evil, is but too obvious ; and it concurs with other dreadful effeóls of fenfuality, to threaten the entire depopulation of this beautiful ifland, if it be not feafonably averted by the happy influence of the gofpel.

Subfequent to M. de Bougainville’s departure, a revolution occurred in the government of Otaheite, the effeds of which proved to be permanent and important. The whole ifland at that time acknowledged the fovereignty of Temärre. The fmaller peninfula, called Teiarraböo, was governed by an elderly man named Waheadöoa, diftantly related to the king. The larger peninfula has ufually been diftributed into three principal governments, each of which included -feveral fubor-riinate.diftrids : they were then fubjed to three brothers, Oammo,

Tootaha, and Happae ; the latter prefiding over the northern and • eaftcrn diftrióls, which are collectively named Tepirreonöo. Tootaha, ’ who poffeffed confiderable talents, and was actuated by a reftlefs ambition, confpired with Waheadôoa to wreft the government of the ifland from Oammo and Oberea ; and to transfer the royal dignity from their fon to Otöo, the fon of Happae, during whofe minority the conduct of public affairs was to be committed to Tootaha. This plot could not elude the penetration of Toopäea ; and he ufed all his intereft with Oberea to fruftrate it in time, by putting Tootaha to death. He did not, however, prevail with her to confent to fo violent a meafurej and when he found the explofion ready to burft, he fled to the interior mountains for his perfonal fafety. Waheadooa, ftimu-lated by the defire of becoming wholly independent of the larger peninfula, paifed the ifthmus with his army, and defeated that which Oammo had collected to oppofe him. Tootaha, at the fame time, with the forces of Attahöoroo and Tettahä, attacked from the weftward the diftriél of Pappara, Oammo’s refidence ; and carried off, from the great morae at that place to another in Attahooroo, the peculiar enfigns of the regal and facerdotal offices. The grand ceremonies which are attended with human facrifices, were therefore performed at the morae of At'tahooroo for thirteen years after that event. This diftrid being one of the largeft and moft fertile in the ifland, and conftantly gaining ftrcngth by affording protedlion to fugitives from other quarters, was too powerful to be fpeedily difpoffeffed of its acquifitions. Tootaha had eftabliftied himfelf in the regency, and refided at Opärre, the hereditary diftridt of the new fovereign Otoo, when Lieutenant Cook, in the Endeavour, anchored in the adjacent bay of Mattavae, 12th April 1769. His objeóls were to obferve the approaching tranfit of the planet Venus over the diflc of the fun, and to renew’ the fearch which Quiros had fet on foot in the laft century, for a continent fuppofed to exift in the fouthern part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Endeavour was immediately vifited by crowds of the natives, among whom Owhau was recognifed by Mr. Gore and others who had

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failed with Wallis. His affiftance was again found ufeful in the traffic which commenced, under proper regulations, with his countrymen ; and in appeafing their refentment, when it was excited by the death of one of them, too haftily inflicted in confequence of their thefts. A fmall fort was ereded near the northernmoft point of the if land, which now received the name of Point Venus, on account of the obfervations that were made upon that planet the 3d of June. At the fame time a party was fent to the neighbouring ifland of Eimëo, to obferve the tranfit from thence. Lieutenant Cook afterwards made a furvey of Otaheite, in which he was accompanied by Mr. (now Sir Jofeph) Banks, who had failed in the Endeavour with a view to the advancement of natural hiftory. They met with Waheadooa and his fon, then about thirteen years of age, at Teiarraboo, and found that peninfula in a flourifhing condition. Its inhabitants boafled of their military prowefs and fuccefs j of which they poffeffed many trophies, and among others, the turkey-cock and the goofe which Captain Wallis had given to Oberea. The Englifh were every where hofpitably treated, excepting the depredations which they fuffered from the thievifh genius of the natives. The fame lewdnefs was perpetrated as on former occafions ; and, to avoid loathfome repetitions, we fhall generally omit to mention it in future. Thefe pradices at times interrupted the harmony which ufually fubfilled between the navigators and the illanders j but it was aimoil wholly dellroyed previous to their feparation. Two marines having deferted from the fliip. Cook ventured to confine Tootaha and feveral other principal perfons till the deferters fhould be brought back. The natives by way of retaliation feized upon fome Englilhmen ; but being ordered by Tootaha to furrender them and the deferters to the commander, he in return releafed his royal captives, and their friendfliip was apparently renewed. Among the principal acquaintance formed by the Englilh in this voyage, befide thofe already mentioned, were Potätto, a chief of Attahooroo, and Tooboorae Tamäede of Mattavae ; both of whom were deteéled in thefts, although among the moll refpeclable

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perfons in the ifland. Toopaea, having loft his influence by the revolution, and being deferted by Oberea for a younger gallant, left Otaheite in the Endeavour, 12th July, and died at Batavia, on the paflage of the fliip to Europe.

Tootaha had obtained a great quantity of curious and ufeful articles from his European guefts, and he availed himfelf of thefe acquifitions to increafe his influence over the chiefs of the larger peninfula. He fucceeded in perfuading them to unite their forces againft Teiarraboo, which he wifhed to reduce to its former date of fubjedtion. Waheadooa, who fought only to enjoy peaceably the independence he had eftablilhed, pleaded the fervices he had rendered to Tootaha, as an argument to divert him from his hoftile defigns, which Waheadooa had learned, and was prepared to refift. The military pride and ambition of the regent urged him to perfift in his attempt ; and, having equipped a fleet of war canoes, he failed toward the fmaller peninfula, and engaged the naval force of Waheadooa, with nearly equal lofs on each fide. Tootaha retired, with a determination to try his fuccefs by land. His brother Häppae difapproved of this meafure, and remained at Opärre ; but Tootaha obliged Otoo, who always difliked fighting, to accompany the army. It engaged that of Waheadooa at the ifthmus, and was totally routed : Tootaha and Tooboorae Tamaede were killed on the fpot J Orette and many others feverely wounded ; and Otoo efcaped, with a few of his friends, to the fumrnits of the mountains, where his father and family had taken refuge upon being informed of the defeat. Waheadooa marched diredly to Mattavae and Oparre, laying wafte all the country, as is ufual in their wars ; but he fent rea-fonable propofals of peace to Happae and Otoo, who readily accepted them. The latter, having then arrived at maturity, alTumed the ad-miniftration of the goveriiment, with the alfiftance of his father’s advice. He had two fifters, one of whom remained unmarried, and being older than he, might have put in a prior claim to the fove-rcignty, but fhe waved her right in his favour. Of three brothers, the eldeft was ten years younger than Otoo j he was then a very

aólive and intelligent boy, and has fince become well known under the name of Orapëia : the next brother, Weidöoa, was fix years younger than he : the youngeft, Teppahöo, then an infant, has ever fince remained in obfcurity, on account of his deficiency of intelledf.

Waheadooa did not long furvive his triumphs ; and his name and government devolved without oppofition upon his fon. A Spanifh veflel, faid to have been commanded by Don Juan de Langara, vifited Teiarraboo about March 1773. She remained ten days at anchor in a harbour formed by reefs, at the fouth-eaft end of the ifland, and called by the natives Owhae-oorôoa. Four of the Ihip’s company were publicly executed there ; and a fifth efcaped the fame fate by flight. He was the firfl: European who became a refident at Otaheite, and was kindly treated by the natives, to whofe manners he entirely conformed. Young Waheadooa made him one of his principal companions and counfellors.

Captain Cook vifited this ifland the following Auguft, in the Refolution, accompanied by Captain Furneaux in the Adventure. Thefe veflTels were in much danger near the place where the Spaniards had anchored, the Refolution ftriking repeatedly on the adjacent reef. On the 17th of Auguft they anchored in a bay on the northern coaft of Teiarraboo, called Oweitapëha. The Englifh were difappointed of obtaining provifions, as was faid, by the influence of the young chief's Spanifh advifer, who carefully avoided intercourfe with them. They gained intelligence from an iflander named Tooahôu, who had attended Cook in part of his furvey during the former vifit. The map of Otaheite, which had then been engraved, being fhewn to this man, he readily comprehended it, and pointed out ^by name the diftriéls that were marked upon it. It may be proper here to obferve, that the number and the names of thefe divifions vary at different periods ; a diftriót being fometimes fubdivided into feveral by the chiefs, in order to diftribute the land among their friends.

Waheadooa did not vifit his acquaintance. Captain Cook, till the a 3d, arid the latter failed the following day from Oweitapehaj but 4

left behind Lieutenant Pickerfgill to purchafe hogs, which the natives Were permitted to bring when almoft too late. The young chief difcovered fome ingenuity mingled with boyifli weaknefs, and pre Ikied at the market with great propriety. Mr. Pickerfgill proceeded from thence in a boat to Hedëa, where he was kindly entertained by Orette, and his brother Taröore. Neither of them made any inquiry after Outöoroo, although they fuppofed him to have gone with M. de Bougainville to the fame country from whence Cook came. Toopäea alfo feemed to be nearly forgotten ; but Sir Jofeph Banks, and others of the Englifh, who had been moft converfant with the iflanders, were every where inquired after. The boat rejoined the fliips at Hedea, and they proceeded to Mattavae, where they anchored 25th Auguft.

Otoo, who was on the fhore furrounded by a multitude gazing at the fllips, did not wait to receive the Englifh, but hurried in terror over the hill which divides Mattavae from Opärre, where he redded. Cook vifited him there the next day, and with difficulty prevailed upon him to venture on board the ffiips on the following. Thefe diftriéls had not recovered from the effedls of the war with Teiarraboo, and provifions were fcarce. Potatto in fome meafure fupplied the deficiency from Attahooroo. Otoo expreffed much regret at the departure of the veflTels, which occurred ift September.

Captain Cook revifited Mattavae 22d April 1774, having in the mean time repeatedly entered the antardtic circle in the fruitlefs fearch after a fouthern continent, which was the principal objeól of this voyage. On his laft departure from Otaheite, he had been accompanied from the Society Iflands, by a young man of rank and fome abilities, named Hëte-héte. By his advice, red feathers had been procured at the Friendly Iflands ; and they were found to be the moft valuable article of trade at Otaheite. The northern diftriéts had alfo recovered their ufual profperity fince the former vifit of the Refolution, and at this time fupplied abundantly the wants of the navigators. They found much relief from bilious complaints by the d

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life of the eve fruit, which, from its external appearance, has been always called an apple, although it has a ftone refembling that of a peach. During the Ray of Captain Cook, which was prolonged in order to repair his fhip, a fleet of large war canoes aflembled in the bay, for the purpofe of attacking the neighbouring ifland of Éimëo. The chief of that country, Motooaro, had married a After of Otoo, and being expelled by his uncle Mahêine, he had taken refuge with his brother-in-law. The weftern diftrióts having united with thofe of Tepirreonoo to maintain the caufe of Motooaro, Towhä, who was then chief of Tettahä, was appointed to the command of the combined fleet. He poflefled great courage and talents, was advanced in years, and was highly refpelt;fted. His diftria furniftied forty-four large canoes toward the fleet; that of Attahooroo one hundred and fixty; and Mattavae, probably in confequence of its late devaftation, only ten. Teiarraboo alfo was expedted to fend a quota for this expedition ; yet both Otoo and Towha, although jealous of each other, entreated Cook to aflift them in attacking that peninfula. The number of fmall canoes employed to tranfport provifions, and defigned to bring back the bodies of thofe who might be killed, equalled that of the larger canoes employed in fighting. From the multitude of people embarked in this fleet, Captain Cook computed that the whole ifland might contain more than two hundred thoufand inhabitants. Sub-fequent navigators have even exceeded this calculation ; but it appears that at prefent there is not a tenth part of that number of people in Otaheite. Unlimited fenfuality, with the general contamination, and infant murders, attendant upon it, have, without doubt, dreadfully diminifhed the population.

Amidft the confufion occafioned by fo great a concourfe of the natives, fome daring thefts were committed ; and the feverity which was confequently exercifed, alarmed the timidity of Otoo. One of his elder relations, named Te, became ufeful as a melTenger and mediator between the young king and his formidable guefts. Oammo and Oberea vifited them from Pappara ; and the latter, though greatly

declined in dignity, and advancing in years, difcovered no abate- • ment of lewdnefs. The illanders exhibited a mock fea-fight, and the Englifli fome fireworks, for their mutual entertainment ; and they parted very amicably on the 14th of May. Hëte-hëte, who had conneded himfelf with a family at Mattavae, took a palfage in the fhip to fee his friends at Ulietëa. Of various animals which had been left at Otaheite by the Refolution nine months before, the only fpccies likely to multiply were goats and cats. The expedition to Eimëo proved fuccefsful in reftoring Motooaro to a temporary pofleffion of the fovereignty of that ifland.

Teiarraboo was Ihortly after revifited by the Spaniards, in two lliips from Lima, which anchored in Oweitapêha bay. The commander died there, and was buried on fliore, near a crofs which they had eredled, and inferibed with, “ Chripus w/zr//,” and “ Carolus 3. “ imperat. 1774.” They alfo conftruéled, of materials which they had brought for the purpofe from Peru, a wooden houfe, confifting of two apartments, with loop-holes in the walls, which admitted air, and might be ufed for defence with mufquetry. Two priefts, with an attendant upon each, remained at this habitation when the fliips departed, and were peacefully and refpedtfully treated by the natives ; but it does not appear that they had much converfation with them. One of their attendants, however, frequently travelled in the ifland, and became familiar with the language of the inhabitants. He told them many flanderous ftories of the Englifh, and affured them that his countrymen had fallen in with Cook’s velTel and deftroyed it, with the whole crew.

Four of the iflanders had failed in the Spanifli fhips to Lima, and two of them died there. The furvivors were brought back by the fame velfels ten months afterward, and the priefls and their attendants were taken away. A bull and a ram, with fome goats, dogs, and Spanifli fwine, were landed ; and the houfe and crofs were left fland-ing, and carefully preferved by the natives. Thofe who had vifited Peru, returned wholly to their former courfe of life : one of them

retained fome conamon Spanifh phrafes j the other had the appearance of being deranged in mind.

Captain Cook once more revifited Otaheite in the Refolution, accompanied by Captain Clerke in the Difeovery, on their way to the north-weft coaft of America, in 1777. They anchored at Owei-tapëha on the 13th of Auguft, and found Teiarraboo at that time fubjedt to a boy twelve years old, brother to the former Waheadooa, who had died almoft two years before.

When the Refolution and Adventure left Otaheite in 1773, a native of the neighbouring ifland Huahëine, named Omäe, had accompanied Captain Furneaux from the latter place, and proceeded to England in the Adventure, after parting with the Refolution. He returned from thence with Captain Cook on his third voyage. 1'his young man was not of the higher rank among his countrymen, nor were his talents of a fuperior caft. In England great attention was paid to him by fome of the nobility, but it was chiefly direded to his amufement, and tended rather to augment than to diminifh his habitual profligacy. One friend of human kind, Mr. Granville Sharp, took great pains to inftruól him in reading and writing, and to im-prefs his mind with ideas of morality and religion. Omäe was fufceptible of conviction by familiar arguments on the latter fubjeóls, and had made fuch progrefs by application to the former, that he wrote from the Cape of Good Hope a letter to Dr. Solander (who . had accompanied Sir Jofeph Banks in 1769) in Otaheitean words exprefled by Englifti characters. Having vifited the Friendly Iflands previoufly to his arrival at Otaheite, he had procured a garment richly adorned with red and yellow feathers, which he deflgned to prefent to Otoo. This he delivered to young Waheadooa, requefting him to tranfmit it to Otoo, in the hope of ingratiating himfelf at once with both of the fovereigns in the ifland where he intended to fettle. The prize was, however, too valuable to pafs through the hands of the young chief, who deemed a very fmall part of the feathers fufficient to be fent to the monarch of the larger peninfula.

The fhips proceeded to Mattavae, and anchored there on the 24th of Auguft J a friendly interview immediately took place with Otoo and his family, which remained in the fame Rate as formerly. Captain Cook delivered into his charge an Englifh bull, three cows, a horfe, a mare, and fome fheep, which had been conveyed from England with very great trouble, in the hope of rendering eflential fervice to thefe hofpitable iflanders. The Spanifh bull had been tranfported from Teiarraboo to Mattavae on the way to Bolabola j the fovereign of that ifland having fent an emiffary, who pretended to infpiration, to procure the bull from Waheadooa. Captain Cook arriving in time to hop its progrefs, committed this animal alfo, which was of a capital breed, to the cuftody of Otoo. Various domeftic fowls were likewife left with him, and garden-feeds planted in fome ground cleared for the purpofe. Otoo had befides in his polTeffion the gander that.had been given ten years before by Captain Wallis to Oberea. This lady had died fince the former vifits of the Refolution. The body of Te, the king’s uncle, and minifter of ftate, who had then been dead four months, was ftill preferved from putrefadtion. Hëte-hëte had arrived at Mattavae but a fhort time before his Englilli friends, to whom he Ihewed an unabated attachment ; but he declined the ufe of fome clothing which they had brought out as a prefent to him. Omae having adled as imprudently in the difpofal of his property at this place as at Teiarraboo, the defign of eftablifliing him at Otaheite was relinquifhed.

Intelligence being received from' Eimeo, that Mahëine had again revolted from Motooaro, and had obliged him to take refuge in the mountains, Otoo earneftly entreated Captain Cook to take an adlive part in the quarrel, but he prudently declined to interfere. Human facrifices were offered at Attahooroo to infure fuccefs to the expedition, and Towha and Potatto again condudled the fleet belonging to their diftridls to attack Maheine. They found him, however, fo well prepared to receive them, that, after repeatedly applying to Otoo for reinforcements, without procuring any, they concluded a peace on

terms which were advantageous to the revolters. There had been a great diverfity of fentiments among the chiefs on the fubjeót of this expedition, and the blame of its unfavourable iflue was imputed by fome to the haftinefs of Towha, and by others to Otoo’s delay in augmenting the fleet. The jealoufy which had always fubfilled between thefe great men was excited to fuch a degree, that Towha vowed revenge againft Otoo, and was only prevented from executing it by the menaces of Captain Cook. The latter quitted Mattavae on the 29th of September 1777, and for the firft time vifited Eimeo. Some thefts which the natives of that ifland committed, werepunifhed by him with unprecedented feverity. He returned no more, being killed at the Sandwich Iflands on the i6th of February 1779.

Previous to that event Otoo efpoufed Iddëa, the elder After of Motooaro, with whom he thus became doubly conneéled by marriage. The Arft child flie bore to him was immediately fuffbcated, . that they might preferve their rank in the arreoe fociety ; but a fécond being born was preferved, and in confequence the title and fovereign dignity of Otoo immediately devolved upon his infant fon. The father retained his former power as regent, and in the conduéf of it he was greatly aflafted by his intelligent and aótive confort. He has Ance been called by various names fucceflively ; but, to avoid confufion, we Haall only ufe that of Pomarre, by which he has been known during the laft Ax years.

Towha feems to have fupprelfed his refentment till the ufual length of time between Captain Cook’s viAts at Otaheite had elapfed ; he then united the forces of Tettaha and Attahooroo with Maheine againft thofe of Oparre and the eaftern diftridls. The conteft was frequently renewed, and ufually terminated to the advantage of Towha. Pomarre’s war canoes being nearly deftroyed, his adverfaries purfued their fuccefs by land, and laid wafte Oparre and Mattavae. They at length fuffered a fevere check by the death of Maheine, who was killed in battle by the hand of Weiddoa, Pomarre’s younger brother. This cataftrophe appears to have prevented the renewal of hoftilities

at Otaheite ; but the party of Motooaro was not powerful enough to eftablifh him as the fucceffor of Maheine, whofe adopted fon, Tareamoodöa, obtained at his dearth the fovereignty of Eimeo. During thefe incurfions moft of the cattle that had been left at Oparre, and had increafed there, were dedroyed ; the reft, confifting of feveral cows and a difabled bull, were carried in triumph to Eimeo, and pre-ferved there.

Eleven years had nearly paffed without any intercourfe between Europe and Otaheite ; every inftrument of iron had been expended ; and the loathfome difeafe, which, if not derived from Europeans, had certainly been increafed by their licentious condud, had made dreadful havock among the iflanders of both fexes. At that late period an Englifh veffel arrived at Otaheite, feemingly with as little of defign on the one part, as of expedation on the other. A ftiip called the Lady Penrhyn, on board of which was Lieutenant Watts, who had failed with Cook, was employed in tranfporting convifts to Port Jackfon, at the firft formation of the fettlement in New South Wales. Being bound from thence to China for a cargo homeward, fire took a courfe far to the eaftward ; and as the crew was extremely reduced by fcurvy, it was determined to flop at Otaheite for refrefhments. Upon anchoring at Mattavae on the loth of July 1788, Lieutenant Watts was immediately recognifed by Moanna, an elderly chief of that diftrid. Pomarre, who no longer refided in that neighbourhood, arrived four days afterward, probably from Teiarraboo, bringing with him a portrait of Captain Cook, which Mr. Webber had painted at his requeft during the laft voyage. Veracity having been thought needlefs by Europeans in their tranf-adtions with the iflanders, it was judged proper at that time to conceal the death of Captain Cook, and to make prefents in his name to Pomarre. This idle deception proved afterward highly detrimental.

Iron utenfils were fought by the iflanders with the utmoft avidity; while fome red feathers, which had been brought from Port Jackfon,

bore no price with them. The ring of an anchor, which M. de Bougainville had loll ten years before at Hedëa, was produced by Pomarre, who requefted to have it forged into fmall adzes. The ut-moft abundance of animal and vegetable food was fupplied in exchange for European articles ; and befidcs the original productions of the ifland, pumpkins and capficums, cats and goats, were offered for fale. It was obferved, that the women of the higher clafs were more cautious than formerly of promifcuous intercourfe, probably in confequence of what they had fuffered from difeafe. -Pomarre was importunate with Mr. Watts to aflift him in punifliing and fubduing the people of Eimeo. He complained greatly of the long abfence of the Englifh, and of the fhortnefs of their prefent flay, which was only for a fortnight. Hëte-hëte, who was at Mattavae, begged to be taken to Ulietëa ; but Pomarre being unwilling to part with him, he was obliged to remain.

An event approached which ifliied in an important change of the condition of Otaheite. The information which had been received by the former voyages of the great utility of the bread-fruit, induced the merchants and planters of the Britifli Weft Indian iflands to requeft that means might be ufed to tranfplant it thither. For this benevolent purpofe a fliip was commiffjoned by his Majeffy, which was named the Bounty ; and Lieutenant Bligh, who had failed as maffer with Captain Cook, was appointed to conduCl her to Otaheite, where the plants might be moff eafiiy and abundantly procured. He arrived at Mattavae on the 26th of OClober 1788, hardly more than three months after Lieutenant Watts’s departure. Happae and Orapeia were found there, and the latter was peculiarly anxious to prevent his countrymen from praClifing their ufual thefts. The frame of Captain Cook’s picture, which had fuffered fome damage by its removals, was brought to be mended; and on the 28th Pomarre arrived with Iddea from a diffriCt of Teiarraboo, where he had taken up his refidence. Weidooa, who had gained great credit by his prowefs in battle, but was exceffively addicted to the intoxicating

liquor of the ava root, and a chief of Mattavae, named PoSno, were generally of the vifiting parties. A garden was planted near the houfes belonging to the latter and to Moanna. Potatto and Orette, and his kinfmen, renewed their friendfhip with the Englifh. The young fovereign, who was about fix years old, was only to be accofted from the oppofite fide of a river at Oparre. The Englifh were required to make their Ihoulders bare when in his prefence ; but they compromifed this ceremony by uncovering their heads. He was accompanied by a younger brother and a filler, befide whom Iddea had alfo a female infant by Pomarre ; yet Ihe cohabited openly at that time with one of his fervants, and has done fo ever fince. Teppahöo, an uncle of Pomarre, had deftroyed eight children, in order to preferve his rank as an arreoe. He refided at Tet-taha as chief of that diftridt, Towha being dead. The wife of the latter, Wanno-öora furvived him, and was much refpedted.

Lieutenant Bligh having made very handfome prefents from the king of Great-Britain to Pomarre, informed him that the moft acceptable return would be a large quantity of the young bread-fruit plants, and that he would oblige him by carrying them in his cabin for King George ; which was immediately confented to. Pomarre exprelfed little concern about the lofs of the cattle, but much defire to be revenged upon the people of Eimeo ; and he was gratified with two mulkets, a pair of pifhols, and a confiderable flock of ammunition. He had not fufficient fortitude to ufe thefe articles himfelf: but Hete-hete, who remained with him, was a good markfman ; and although it is not cuftomary for the females of Otaheite to go to battle, Iddea, whofe perfonal ftrength and courage Were unufually great, had learned to ufe a mulket with fome dexterity.

Oberreröa, the mother of Pomarre, came from the fmall iflands of Tethuröa, and vifited the Bounty with difficulty, being old and corpulent. She feems to have been a native of Ulietea, from whence feme of her relations, who were chiefs in that ifland, came to Mattavae at this time. One of them brought an ewe, which Captain

Cook had left at Ulietea, and which was then almoft deftroyed by the mange. Another, who was at that time called Tootahä, feems to be the fame perfon fince known by the name of Manne-naânne, the brother of Oberreroa, and heir apparent to the fovereignty of Ulietea and Otahä, but by office a pried. Befide the ffieep, which fhortly died, a bull was procured from Hedea, and a cow from Tet-taha; and both were committed to the charge of Pomarre, from whom the former had been obtained by a perfon pretending to be infpired.

On Chriftmas-day the Bounty was removed to a reef harbour on the coaft of Oparre, the bay of Mattavae having become dangerous through the variable and violent winds which are common at that feafon. Nearly eight hundred pots of bread-fruit plants were then taken on board, and upwards of one thoufand plants were afterward added, together with fome of the eve, ehëya, rätta, orâya, tou, and matte trees; and the te, yâppe, and pea roots. The length of time employed in collecting thefe, was attended with the defertion of feveral among the feamen, who were purfued toTethuroaby Orapeia, and at length were feized at Tettaha. The fliip’s cable was cut nearly through, evidently with the defign of letting the Ihip drive on fhore in tempeftuous weather. This is faid to have been done by Weidooa, on account of an officer to whom he was attached, and who had been put in confinement on board. The thefts of the inhabitants likewife increafed with the delay, but the chiefs exerted themfelves to bring them to puniffiment. Some maize had been planted fince the arrival of the Bounty, which ripened before fhe failed. Captain Cook’s piClure, which-had, by Pomarre’s requeft, been kept on board the fhip, was then delivered again to him, with the date of the fhip’s arrival and departure recorded upon the back of the picture, which has ever fince been praCtifed by commanders of Englifli men of war. The Bounty was unmoored the 4th of April 1789, having remained at Otaheite more than five months.

The fituation of Pomarre was evidently at that time neither comfortable nor fecure. He earneftly defired Captain Bligh to take himfel-f

and Iddea to Britain. Hete-hete equally wilhed to go in the fllip. A coolnefs then fubfifted between Pomarre and Orapeia, which was fuppofed to have arifen from a difagreement of their wives. Shortly after the departure of the fliip a revolution took place at Eimeo, by which Motooaro’s authority was eltablilhed. Tareamoodoa took refuge in Attahooroo, and was afterward entertained by Temarre at Papparä, where he remained in a private flation.

The Bounty returned to Mattavae on the 6th of June, having in the mean time been feizcd by twenty-five of the crew, who had mutinied, and turned adrift Lieutenant Bligh, and eighteen officers and fcamen, in the launch belonging to the flïîp. Fletcher Chriflian, the mafler’s mate, a young man of refpeólable connexions and good talents, was chofen to command the mutineers. He had perfuaded them to go to Tooböuae, a fmall ifland .ninety leagues to the fouthward of Otaheitej preferring it to the latter, as being lefs expofed to vifits from Europeans. Having found Toobouae defli-tute of animal provifions, he brought the fliip again to Otaheite, to procure fome flock for the fettlement which he intended to make. He availed himfelf, for this purpofe, of the fidlion which had been hitherto fupported refpedling Captain Cook j afferting that they had met with him, and that he had fent the £hip back for all the live flock that could be fpared, in order to form a fettlement at a place which Captain Bligh had difeovered in his courfe toward the Friendly Iflands. The inhabitants gave credit to his flory, and vied with each other vaho fliould furnifli mofl for the fervice of Captain Cook; fo that by the i6th of June, four hundred and fixty hogs, fifty goats, and great quantities of fowls, dogs, and cats were colledled. The bull and cow, which had been committed to the charge of Pomarre by Captain Bligh, were alfo taken awayj but the former died on the paflage, from the falls he received. Eleven female Otaheiteans failed with the mutineers j and it was foon found that thirteen male natives, among whom was Hete-hete, had concealed themfelves in the fliip. When informed of the real deflination e a

of the velTel, and of the great improbability there was that they would ever return to their own country, they difcovered no dilfatisfadtion ; but adhered cheerfully and faithfully to the mutineers during their fruitlefs attempts to eftablilh themfelves at Toobouae.

Subfequent to the fécond departure of the Bounty from Otaheite, a Swedifh armed velTel, commanded by J. H. Cox, arrived there. Captain Cox was received by Pomarre and Iddea with their ufual hofpitalityj and in return made them prefents, among which were fome more fire-arms and ammunition, a hand-faw, and an union jack. The latter became a fubftitute for Captain Wallis’s pendant, as the enfign of royalty. A fhrewd and active fellow, named Brown, a native of England or North America, was left by Captain Cox upon the ifland, in confequence of a quarrel between him and his. fllipmates, in which he had maimed one of them. This man attached himfelf to Pomarre, with whom he went to refide at a diftrióf of Teiarraboo, where the latter had fome private property. He had taken up his abode there, apparently with a view to increafe his political influence, in hope that the fmaller peninfula might at length be brought under the dominion of his fon.

A majority of the mutineers having determined, contrary to Fletcher Chriftian’s inclination, upon returning from Toobouae to Otaheite, the Bounty was anchored a third time at Mattavae, on the 32d of September 1789. Sixteen of the Ihip’s company then landed, with their proportion of the property and arms that were on board. The refl: failed fuddenly in the night with Chriflian, and have never fince been heard of. Thirty-five of the iflanders, including men, women, and children, accompanied them. His profefled defign was to fettle in fome uninhabited ifland, out of the ufual tracks of European fhips. Among the people who remained at Otaheite, were feveral who had not been aétive in the mutiny; and fome who had wiflied to accompany Captain Bligh in the boat, but were detained by the reft, as they could not conveniently be fpared. They were hofpitably received by their old friends at Mattavae and Oparre, and lands were

afligned for their ufe in thefe diftrióts, which they preferred to others where they were lefs acquainted.

The more ingenious, and induftrious among them employed themfelves in the conflrudlion of a fchooner, about the fize of the pafTage-boats between London and Gravefend. It was difficult to find, and to convey from the mountains, timber fuited to their purpofe ; and ftill more fo, to fubftitute fuch articles as were to be obtained in the country, for the necelfary iron-work, pitch, and rigging. The natives, although they pilfered other things, never Role their tools, but afiifted them occafionally in the laborious parts of their work; and were lefs furprifed at their Ikill, than at their perfeverance in fuch an undertaking. It was hardly to be expedled, that the whole of the party who had engaged in it, would adhere to each other till it was completed. One of them, named Churchill, who had been mafter at arms in the fhip, and was very adive in the mutiny, accepted an invitation to live with Waheadooa, who was fovereign of Teiarraboo at the time that Cook lafl: vifited that peninfula. Another, named Thompfon, one of the moft ignorant and brutal of the crew, accompanied him ; but they very fhortly difagreed. Waheadooa died foon afterward, without children; and Churchill, having been his tayo, fucceeded to his property and dignity, according to the eftablilhed cuftom of the country. Thompfon was excited by envy of Churchill’s preferment, and by revenge for fome tricks he had played him, to take an opportunity of {hooting him. The natives rofe to punifh the murder of their new fove-^ reign, and Honed Thompfon to death, A boy of four years old, who was nephew of the late Waheadooa, and fon of the chief of Weiooröo, was acknowledged as the fucceflbr of his uncle, whofc name devolved upon him, as it had before done upon Churchill.

Pomarre was anxious that the reft of the Englilh fliould remain unconneéled with Teiarraboo; but confented that fome of them Ihould take up their refidence at Pappara with Temarre, who continued to be on terms of friendfliip with him. They had all been conftantly

and plentifully fupplied with provifions by Pomarre’s orders, and he at length requefled in return their affiftance to attack Eimeo, where another infurreótion was formed againft Motooaro. They declined to go thither, but cleaned for him the arms which Captain Bligh and Captain Cox had given him. Hete-hete, who remained at Otaheite when the Bounty failed, and a few other natives who had learned to ufe them, eafily turned the fcale of viótory againft the infurgents, and confirmed Motooaro in the peaceable poffeflion of his rights.

A few months afterwards the wefiern diftrióls of Attahooroo and Tettaha (where Teppahoo had died, and his fucceflbr Tetôwha was inimical to Otoo) invaded both Oparre and Pappara, through jea-loufy of the growing power of the royal family. On this occafion the mutineers thought it neceffary, for their own fafety, to arm on the fide of their friends. Their fchooner having at length been launched, rigged, and provided with every thing neceffary, they failed with a fleet of war canoes from the north-eaftern diftrióts againft Attahooroo J which was likewife attacked from the quarter of Pappara by Temarre and the Englifli people refiding with him. Potatto, Tetowha, and their adherents, took refuge in the mountains, and in a fliort time obtained peace by fubmitting toOtoo’s authority. They alfo furrendered to him the royal maro, which was carried in triumph to the morae at Oparre, after having remained at Attahooroo twenty-one years. Tetowha, who was a young man of remarkable comelinefs, died foon afterwards, and an uncle of Pomarre’s was appointed in his ftead. Potatto, through the interceflion of the Englilh, was allowed to retain his authority in Attahooroo. After paying a vifit to Motooaro, with whom fome of them refided from that time, they laid up the fchooner at Mattavae during the tempeftuous feafon, which ufually prevails between November and March.

Early in 1791 the ceremony took place of inverting Otoo with the royal'garment, on which occafion Captain Cox’s flag was fent entirely round the ifland in token of the young chief’s fupremacy. It was

admitted to pafs through Teiarraboo, from fear of Pomarre’s Englifh allies, rather than from willingness to fubmit to him. He therefore propofed to them to affift his own and Temarre’s people, in compelling the inhabitants of that peninfula to abfolute fubmiffion. The chief part of the mutineers having agreed to the propofal, they again launched and provided their fchooner, failed from,Mattavae 21 ft March, leaving only four of their number there, and reached Pappara on the 24th. In the mean time the Pandora frigate, commanded by Captain Edwards, which had been fent from England on hearing of the mutiny in the Bounty, arrived at Otaheite, and anchored at Mattavae on the 23d. The Englilhmen who had remained there, went on board the fame day, and were immediately put into confinement. Lieutenants Corner and Hayward, tire latter of whtMn had failed in the Bounty, and accompanied Captain Bligh in the launch, were difpatched with two of the Pandora’s boats, to purfue the fchooner. The mutineers had hardly anchored at Pappara, when a mefiengcr, whom Hete-hete had fent by land, informed them of what had befallen their comrades ; upon which they immediately failed again, w’ith three others who lived at Pappara, leaving behind only one of their party, and Brown wliom they had met there. The former walked all night toward Mattavae, and furrendered himfelf on board the Ihip the next day -, when alfo the boats returned thither, not having been able to overtake the fchooner, which had fleered for the fouth-eaflernmofl point of the ifland. She, however, returned to Pappara on the 23th, and fix of the mutineers went up to the hills within the country ; the other three were kept in confinement that night and the next day by the orders of Temarre, who likewife feized the fchooner. In the night of the 28th they efcaped, by Brown’s affifiance, to the weftern coafi, and reached, by daybreak, a boat with which Lieutenant Corner had come from the fhip the preceding day in purfuit of them. He left them, with the boat, in the charge of a petty officer, and afeended the heights, guided by Orapeia, to difeover the retreat of

the reft. Lieutenant Hayward having proceeded by water to Pappara, and fearched for them in vain, was informed the next forenoon, that they were coming down to furrender themfelves, which they did, laying down their arms as they approached his party ; and Mr. Hayward fent information to Lieutenant Corner, who was defcending after them into the valley.

During the whole time of the mutineers’ continuarice at Otaheite, Pomarre had remained at Teiarraboo, but upon the arrival of the Pandora he repaired with his family to Oparre. He had then, in addition tolddea, taken to wife her younger lifter, Weircdc; but was ftill equally influenced by the advice of the former. He readily co-operated with the Britilh officers in their meafures for fecuring the mutineers, and was anxious to prevent bad confequences from the refentment of families with which they had formed connexions. Few of thefe •appear to have been highly refpedlable ; but one inftance occurred of a very affedling nature; A midftiipman, who had been adive in the mutiny, had lived with the daughter of a perfon of property at Mattavae, and Ihe had borne a child to him. His imprifonment and removal afflided her to fuch a degree as to bring on a decline that terminated in her death. Her infant was left to the care of a After, who cherifiled it with the utmoft tendernefs. Three daughters and a fon were left by others of the mutineers.

Notwithftanding the mournful interviews that- daily took place on board, between the Engliflimen, who were kept in irons, and the native women with, whom they had lived, the ufual courfe of feftivity, amufements, and debaucheries, was uninterrupted during the continuance of the fhip at Otaheite. She failed on the 8th of May, accompanied by the fchooner which the mutineers had built, under the command of a petty officer from the Pandora. Brown, who had never been on friendly terms with the mutineers, came away in the fliip ; and Hete-hete went in her to Bolabola, his native ifland. Pomarre and his wives were alfo ftill fleffrous of quitting the ifland, but their departure was ftrongly

Of the fourteen people who were feized at Otaheite, and taken away in the Pandora, four were drowned when the fhip was caft away on her return; the reft were preferved in boats, and brought to trial in England. Four of them were acquitted, as having had no concern in the mutiny ; and were moftly provided for in Greenwich Hofpital. Another was difcharged, his conviélion not having been legally condudted. Two were pardoned, and have fince been employed in the navy. The remaining three were executed at Spithead.

At the clofe of the fame year Captain Vancouver, in a fhip named the Difcovery, and Lieutenant Broughton in the Chatham brig, arrived at Otaheite. The veffels having been feparated on their palT-age, the Chatham firft reached that ifland, which was appointed for their rendezvous. She anchored at Mattavae on the 27th of December 1791, and the Difcovery joined her three days later. Po-marre was then at Eimeo, but returned the following week with Motooaro, who was much reduced in health, and died a fortnight afterward. Another chief of the fame name, who was fovereign of Huaheine, but acknowledged the fupremacy of Otoo, was at Mattavae when the thips arrived, and remained there while they ftaid. Mannemanne, then named Moure, although he had fucceeded Opöone in ' the fovereignty of Ulietea and Otaha, refided chiefly at Otaheite. The expedition which had been meditated againft Teiar-raboo had been carried into effeól, and the younger brother of Otoo had been appointed chief of that peninfula. Orapeia refided there as regent for his nephew, and Weidpoa at Oparre. Pomarre had fixed his abode at Eimeo, and the inhabitants of that ifland became reconciled and attached to his government, as regent for the daughter of the deceafed Motooaro. Potatto remained likewife in amity and fubjeólion. Happae was ftill capable of activity, and was then treated with reverence by his three fons, who were alfo cordially attached to each other. They all behaved with their ufual f

hofpitality toward the Englifh j but they could not difluade Pomarre from the moft immoderate ufe of fpirituous liquors, till his fuf-ferings convinced him of the neceßity of temperance. Some thefts, which were evidently encouraged by the chiefs, interrupted the friendfhip that had prevailed ; and prevented the repetition of a. difplay of fireworks, with which they had been greatly delighted. The velTels failed on the 24th of January 1792.

Shortly afterward a private fhip, named the Matilda, Captain Weatherhead, touched at Otaheite for refrefhments, having failed from Port Jackfon upon the fouthern whale filhery. After a fortnight s ftay they departed, and on the 25th of February, the fhip was wrecked upon an extenfive reef in 22® fouth latitude,. 138®^ weft longitude. The captain and crew efcaped in their boats to Otaheite but upon landing again at that ifland, the inhabitants plundered them of the articles they had faved from the wreck. This event became an occafion of contention among the iflanders, and a part of the country was in confequeiKe laid wafteby Pomarre. The fhip’s company were, in other refpeds, well treated. A fmall vefleL, called the Prince William Henry, touching at Otaheite on the 26th of March, flayed only three days. Some of the Matilda’s people embarked in her, and proceeded to the north-wefl coafl of America,

Captain Bligh having been again fent out, to accomplifli the purpofes of his former voyage which had been fruflrated by the mutiny, arrived at Otaheite on the yth of April 1792, in a fhip named the Providence, attended by a fmall velfel called the Afliftance, commanded by Lieutenant Portlock. Pomarre refided at Oparre whilfl the veflels remained. Peace was reflored between the contending diflrióls by Captain Bligh’s interference, and human facrifices were oflered on the occafion. A fécond colleélion of bread-fruit plants, amp;c. was made, with which he failed after a flay of three months. Hetehete, and one of Pomarre’s domeflics, accompanied him to the Wefl Indies, where the former remained to take care of the plants i the other came to England, but did not long furvive his arrival.

Several of the Matilda’s people who chofe to continue upon the . ifland, attached themfelves to different families, and lived in indolence and plenty.

The Dædalus ftorefliip, Captain New, had followed Captain Vancouver from England to Nootka Sound, and was difpatched from thence, with Lieutenant Hanfon on board, to Port Jackfon. In her way thither fhe flopped a fortnight at Otaheite, in February 1793. The fhip’s company were treated with the utmoft friendfhipj and two of the crew deferted, in order to fettle among the natives. One of them was recovered by the contrivance of Orapeia, who advifed the captain to detain him on board till the man fhould be fent back ; and having aded his part fo well as to accompliIh the purpofe, he then diverted himfelf at the expenfe of his friends. The other deferter, who was a Swede, was fuffered to remain at Otaheite, where he was found by Captain Wilfon. Only one of the Matilda’s crew chofe to depart with the Dædalus.

No information refpeding this ifland having tranfpired between the voyages of the Dædalus and the Duff, we refer to the narrative of the latter for the intervening occurrences. Two private fhips, named the Jenny and the Britannia, were at different periods at Otaheite, but neither the events nor the dates of their vifits are accurately known. It is reported that feverd of the Matilda’s crew left the ifland in one of thefe veffels ; and that fome of them ventured acrofs the Pacific Ocean in their boats, one of which is underflood to have reached Timor.

The numerous detached accounts, from which the preceding narrative has been with difficulty compiled, cannot but excite painful fenfations in a ferious mind. While, in fome refpeóls, the prudence and humanity of our navigators are confpicuous, how much is it to be lamented, that, in various important views, they appear to have derived from the knowledge of chriflianity no advantage over the heathen world ! More damage than benefit certainly has refulted from their intercourfe. The manners of the natives had become more f a

depraved by means of the frequent vifits which occurred during the firft ten years: and they had, in fome degree, evidently ameliorated during an equal fpace of time, in which the ifland was wholly deferted by Europeans. For ten years pah, nominal Chriftians have almoft con-hantly refided there ; and the refult appears from the hate in which the inhabitants were found by Captain Wilfon. It is confolatory to clofe this hihorical view of Otaheite with the arrival and fettlement of feveral real Chrihians in that ifland, who have devoted their lives to the purpofes of inhrudting the natives by their dodtrine and example in the purity of the gofpel ; and of imparting to them the moh eflential beneflts of civilization, without the vices too often attendant upon it.. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

MOST of the iflands which maintain an intercourfe with Otaheite,. have been repeatedly mentioned in the preceding narrative.. That which more immediately depends upon it; is

Tethuröa, confining of feveral fmall low iflets, ènclofed in a reef about ten leagues in circuitand fituated a little to the weftward of north from Point Venus, at the diftance of eight leagues. It is the property of the fovereign of Otaheite, who allows no bread-fruit to be planted upon thefe fpots ; that the people who inhabit them, may be obliged to bring the filh which abound there, to Oparre, to be exchanged for bread-fruit. The reef is inacceflible to large canoes, and Pomarre has therefore made ufe of this place as a magazine for his moft valuable articles of property, not being expofed to the depredations of a hoftile fleet. The iflets alfo abound with cocoa-nuts, which flourilh moft upon the loweft places.. They are reforted to by the wandering fociety of the arreoes, efpecially the women, and by the effeminate clafs, with the purpofe of increafing the delicacy of their appearance. The paffage is often difficult and dangerous. The ftated inhabitants have been reprefented as few ; but the occafional concourfe-

of people is fuch, that in the moft variable and tempeftuous feafon of the year, one hundred canoes have been fcen together upon this fpot.

The only ifland, befide Tethuroa, that is in abfolute fubjection to Otaheite is M a i t ë a , which belongs to the chief of Teiarrabpo. It is fituated to the eaft of that peninfula, at the ddlance of more than twenty leagues j and being, though fmall, very lofty,, is always obferved by perfons who approach Otaheite from the eaftward. It is not above three miles in circuit, and the north fide is too fieep for habitations J but the fouthern fide defeends more* gradually, and has a border of low land next the fea. This little ifland is very populous, but lefs civilized than Otaheite, from whence it is vifited by a large war canoe during the variable winds, and pearls are procured in exchange for the iron work that can be fpared. To the eaftward it is enclofed by a coral reef. It is in latitude 53^ weft longitude ,148° i/. It is the only high ifland adjacent to the eaftward of Otaheite, and - maintains intercourfe withjfome of the low iflands toward the north-eaft. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' ,

The ifland neareft to Otaheite is that called, by Captain Cook, EimÊO,. but more ufually named Morëa by the natives. Its diftance from the weftern coaft of Otaheite is about four'leagues. Its extent has been varioufly reprefehted, but is probably about ten miles from north to fouth, and half as much in breadth. It differs from Otaheite in having land-locked harbours in feveral parts of its coaft, -and in being interfedled ,by fpacious valleys; It has a very narrow border of low land next the fta, from whence the hills rife in hidden acclivities j but from the harbours on the northern fhore they afeend gradually, and the lower hills appear to be the moft fertile parts. Its hiftory has been interwoven with that of Otaheite, with which it appears to be at prefent amicably and firmly conneóled. The natives are ftrongly addicted to theft gt;nbsp;and the females have been thought inferior in beauty to thofe of any neighbouring ifland. The harbour of Taloo, on the north, coaft, which is thought moft eligible for veffels, is fituated in 17° 30^ latitude, 150,° weft longitude. Eimeo was

unavoidably feen by every navigator who has vifited Otaheitc. Captain Wallis named it the Duke of York’s ifland.

The ifland nearefl: to the weftward from Eimeo is Ta poo a-MÂNOO, which was difcovered on the 28th of July 1767 by Captain Wallis, and called by him, Sir Charles Saunders’s ifland. It is fituated in latitude 17° 28^ weft longitude 150° 40'. Its greateft extent is from eaft to weft, about fix miles. Its centre rifes in a mountain with a double peak ; but the greater part had a fertile appearance, and the lower grounds abounded with cocoa-nut trees. The habitations feemed to be fmall, and not very numerous. Its government has ufually depended upon that of Huaheine, from whence it is diftant about fourteen leagues, fouth by eaft. It is not known that Europeans ever landed upon it.

Huaheine (or Ahëine, which fignifies woman) is the eaftern-moft ifland of the group called the Society Iflands by Captain Cook, who difcovered them in July 17695 and it is twenty-eight leagues to the north-weft of Otaheite, being fituated in latitude 16° 43^ 151° ƒ weft longitude. It has about feven leagues of circuit, and is divided into two peninfulas by an ifthmus overflowed at high water : in other parts of the ifland there are alfo fait lakes near the fea. It has a very narrow ftripe of fertile low land next the flaore; and the hills, which are not nearly fo high as thofe of Otaheite, but more ftrongly marked by volcanic fire, are in fome parts entirely cultivated. The produxftions are fimilar to thole of Otaheite, but earlier in their feafon. The men are generally larger and more robuft : both fexes are lefs timid and lefs curious. They were more daring in their thefts from the Englifli, having never felt the force of their weapons of de-ftrudion in the manner that the Otaheiteans had done.

Huaheine was always vifited by Captain Cook on departing from Otaheite. During his firft two voyages, the fovereign power over Huaheine was vefted in a friendly old man named Ore, who aéled as regent for a boy named Tairetarëa. He was not more than ten years old in 1777, but Ore had then been obliged to refign the government,

and no one feeming to fucceed him as regent, there was confcquently very little authority maintained. It has fince that time been vifited by Lieutenant Watts, Captain Bligh, and Captain Edwards j but no farther information is afforded by their voyages refpeóling the government of the country. In the clofe of 1791, it appears that the chiefs of Huaheine, and of Tapooamanoo, acknowledged the fupremacy of Otoo. The wars of Huaheine have always had a relation to the ifland next to be mentioned.

Ulietëa, or, more properly, Reiadëa, is fituated feven leagues W.S.W. from Huaheine. It is wholly furrounded by reefs, inter-fperfed with fmall iflands, and forming feveral harbours. One of thefe, upon the north-weftern coaft, is in latitude 16° 45'!, weft longitude 151° 34'1. It is lefs populous and fertile than Huaheine, although above twice its extent, and more refembling Otaheite in its appearance ; but, like the former, it has feveral fait marlhes or lagoons. The inhabitants are in general fmaller and darker than thofe of the preceding iflands. Its importance in the clufter to which it belongs, is not now proportionate to its relative magnitude. A few years before Captain Wallis’s vifit to Otaheite, it was the moft eminent of the group, and in ftridt alliance with the adjacent ifland of Otahä, as well as with Huaheine. Its decline appears to have originated in the feceffion of Otaha from this league. The fleets of Huaheine and Ulietea were attacked by the Angle force of Bolabola. The combat was likely to iffue in favour of the united fleets, when that of Otaha came up to alflft Bolabola, and decided the viéfory by a great flaughter of their opponents, who were already ex-haufted. They purfued their advantage with fuch alacrity and fuccefs, that they conquered Huaheine, in an attack upon that ifland two days after their former engagement. Many inhabitants of both the fubjugated iflands took refuge at Otaheite; and having obtained from thence a reinforcement of ten war canoes, they landed at Huaheine in the night, and furprifed their conquerors; whom they partly deftroyed, and completely drove from 3

that ifland. They could not, however, regain the ground that had been loft at Ulietea. Its former fovereign, Ooroo, was permitted to return to his hereditary diftrióh, Oopöa, at the fouth-eaftern point of the ifland ; but Toopaea and Omae, with many others, were deprived of their pofleflions, and compelled to feek fupport in other iflands, their property being feized by the vidorious chiefs. The latter foon quarrelled among themfelves. The people of Otaha claiming an equal fhare of the fpoil, were attacked, and fubdued, by their formidable allies of Bolabola ; and a chief from that ifland, named Oreo, was appointed governor of Ulietea by the new fovereign, Opoone. Both thefe perfons were at Ulietea when Captain Cook vifited the ifland in 1769 ; and Oreo kept the fame power during his latter voyages alfo ; butin that of 1777, Ooroo, the former fovereign, had removed to Huaheine; and Ore, who had been regent of that ifland, then refided at Ulietea.

At the death of Opoone his dominions were divided, and both Ulietea and Otaha fell to the pofleftion of a brother of Iddea, now known at Otaheite by the name of Mannemanne, who defigned that at his own deceafe the fovereignty of thefe iflands fliould revert to his nephew Otoo. His authority does not, however, appear to have been fufficient to fecure the reverfion, nor even the polTeffion of this dignity; of which he has fince been deprived ; either by his temporary fubjedls, or by their neighbours of Bolabola.

The people of Ulietea behaved very fubmiffively to Cook upon his firft vifit, apparently in the hope excited by Toopaea, that he would refcue them from the yoke of Bolabola. He was alfo treated with much friendfhip by Oreo; but the thefts which are cuftomary at thefe iflands could not be prevented by the authority of the latter. The mythology adopted by thefe poor heathens feems to be better underftood here than in the other iflands, and even to be regularly taught in its feveral diftriéts. Both Toopaea and Mannemanne, after being expelled from Ulietea, adled as chief priefts at Otaheite.

point of the preceding ifland ; and no pafTage for Ihipping has been found through the reef which conneóls them. It is about half the lize of Ulietea, which it refembles in its afpeél, but is ftill lefs fertile or populous. Captain Cook vifited it in 1769 with his boats, in com-

, pany with Opoone, who then principally refided here. In 1773, Lieutenant Pickerfgill went likewife in a boat entirely round the ifland to procure provifions ; but he was obliged to make reprifals, in order to recover his flock in trade which had been fiolen. The Englifh were treated here with the fame tokens of refpeól that the natives fhew to their own principal chiefs, in confcquence of the account which the latter had received from Toopaea. The clofe vicinity of Ulietea has rendered it unneceffary for any fhip to anchor at Otaha. Captain Edwards examined both thefe iflands on the 10th of May 1791, in his fearch after Fletcher Chriflian and his companions.

Bo LA BOL A (more ufually pronounced Borabora) is fituated four leagues N. W. of Otaha, to which it is inferior in extent ; but the reef with which it is furrounded is nearly full of iflets, much larger than thofe which are fcattered among the rocks that enclofe Otaha and Ulietea. It differs from thofe iflands, and from Huaheine, in having but one harbour on its coafl ; whereas the fhores of the others being ftrongly indented, form like the coafls of Eimeo, numerous places of fhelter for fhipping. It is alfo diflinguifhed by a very lofty double-peaked mountain in its centre, and is more rude and craggy than the refl of the Society ifles. Its eaflern fide has a barren appearance ; the weflern is more fertile : a low border which furrounds the whole, together with the iflands on the reef, are pro-dudlive and populous. Its earliefl inhabitants are faid to have been malefaélors banifhed from the neighbouring iflands. Their numbers rapidly increafing, and their military prowefs rifing to great credit, they eflablifhed their authority in both the iflands laft mentioned, as well a? in the two which are next to be defcribed. Their conquefls acquired them fo much refpeót, that the fuppofed tutelary divinity of

Bolabola, named Oorä, or Oräa, had been adopted 'by the people of Teiarraboo, in preference to two imaginary deities whom they formerly worfhipped. The Bolabolan warriors are punâured in a different manner from thofe of the more eaftern iflands.

Captain Cook did not land at Bolabola upon his firR or fécond' voyage. In 1777 he was prevented by contrary winds from anchoring in the harbour, which is very fpacious ; and he landed in his boat, to purchafe an anchor which had been loft by M. de Bougainville at Hedea, and had been conveyed from thence to Bolabola for the gratification of Opoone. That chief, although then very old and feeble, was ftill univerfally efteemed and feared. The ram which the Spaniards had left at Oweitapeha, had alfo been fent to this diftant place ; Captain Cook therefore prefented Opoone with an ewe to accompany it. That chief having died, probably during the long interval which elapfed between the voyages of Cook and thofe of later navigators, was fucceeded in his government of this and the following iflands by his daughter. She was about twelve years old in 1774, and had then been betrothed to a chief named Boba, who governed Otaha, under Opoone, and was defigned to fucceed him in the fovereignty. In 1791, when Captain Edwards vifited Bolabola to inquire after the mutineers, a man, faid to be named Tatahoo, had the chief authority. The identity of this perfon with Boba is not rendered unlikely by the difference of names, one title being feldom borne, fo long a time by the fame perfon. Thefe four iflands were named by Captain Cook the Society Iflands, on account of. the fhort diflances by which they are feparated from each other. The licentious fociety called Arreöe, extends both to this group and to Otaheite. The members of it wander perpetually in great numbers ‘from one ifland to another,, performing dances and plays, and indulging in every kind of profligacy.

The fmall ifland of Maurdoa lies about four leagues weft of the northern part of Bolabola, to which it is fubjed. It is wholly fur-rounded by a reef, and its centre rifes in a high round hill. Its

produélions and inhabitants are fimilar to thofe of the neighbouring countries ; but it has not any harbour for fhipping. It is faid that pearls are procured from this ifland by the people of Otaheite.

Toobae, confifting of fome very fmall low iflets, connedled by a reef, lies four or five leagues north of Bolabola ; to which it is fubfervient, in a fimilar manner as Tethuroa, which it refembles, is to Otaheite. The ftated inhabitants are only a few families ; but as the coaft abounds with turtle, it is much reforted to, not only by the Society iflanders, but by the natives of a low ifland to the eaftward, called Papaa, which has not yet been feen by Europeans. It is aflerted that their language is unintelligible to the natives of the Society ifles ; which leads to the fuppofition that fome colony has been formed there of a different race from all the neighbouring iflanders. Two other fimilar aflemblages of iflets and reefs, which lie from thirty to forty leagues more weftward, are known to the Society iflanders by the names Mopêha and Whennooa-oora. They were difcovered by Captain Wallis in 1’767, who called them Lord Howe’s and Scilly iflands. The latter are inhabited, the former arc only occafionally frequented. Both of them abound with cocoa-nut trees, turtle, the pearl-oyfter, and all kinds of fifli common to the climate.

To the eaftward of Otaheite are fcattered numerous other iflands, chiefly of the defcription of thofe laft mentioned, and commonly full of people. Many of them were difcovered by Quiros, Schouten and Le Maire, Roggewein, Byron, Wallis, Carteret, Bougainville, Cook, Edwards, Bligh, Vancouver and Broughton: and fome are now added by Captain Wilfon. The intricacy and difficulty of the navigation has procured them the titles of the Labyrinth, and the Dangerous Archipelago. They have been found difperfed from 14“ to 27° of latitude, and as far as 25° eaftward from Otaheite. All the inhabitants appear to be of the fame race with the Society iflanders, but are fomewhat darker in their complexions, and more ferocious in their manners. Many other iflands, befide thofe difcovered by g 2

Europeans, have been defcribed by the natives of the Society ifles; as lying to the eaftward, fouthward, and weftward of their group ; and feveral of them are reprefented as lofty, fertile, and extenfive. An ifland, called Oheteroa, fituated in latitude 22° 27^, 150“ 47^ weft longitude, was. difcovered by Captain Cook 13th Auguft 1769, and recognifed by Toopaea, who was then on board the Endeavour. The fame perfon laid down the pofitions of feventy-feven iflands, which were known to him either by obfervation or report. Not far from Oheteroa is Toobouai, already mentioned as the ifland where Fletcher Chriftian attempted to form a fettlement. It lies in latitude 23° 25'', and 149° 23' weft longitude. Both thefe iflands are populous, although neither of them is twenty miles in circuit. The former differs from the Society Iflands only in having no furrounding reef of eoral. The latter entirely refembles them in appearance ; but the natives are more fedate and lefs hofpitable. It was firft inhabited within a few paft generations, by fome people who had attempted to go with a canoe from an ifland far to the weftward, toward another with which they had cuftomary intercourfe, but were driven by tem-peftuous weather upon Toobouai. Another canoe, in which was a chief of Ulietea, an anceftor of Iddea, paffing from thence to Ota-heite, was likewife driven upon this ifland fome years later. He was admitted by thofe who had preceded him, to the chief authority at Toobouai; and he divided the country into three diftrióls, which retain the names of Reiadea, Waheine, and Taha, three of the Society ifles. A third canoe alfo drifted hither, with the Ikeleton of a man in it, which was recognifed by one of the Otaheiteans who accompanied the mutineers of the Bounty to Toobouai. He had killed this man in one of the fea-fights between Pomarre and Maheine, and was afterward obliged to efeape by fwimming, leaving his canoe, with the corpfe in it, to the direction of the winds and waves. Accidents fimilar to thefe are known to have occurred in feveral other parts of this ocean. An inftance is given by Captain Cook, of a canoe which, likewife in attempting the paflage between Otaheite and Ulietea, was 4

driven to an ifland called Watêoo^ two hundred leagues diftant. Of, twenty perfons, only four furvived the famine and fatigue which they endured before they reached that place, where they were kindly received. Three of them were found there, and recognifed by Omae, in 1777, when Captain Cook difcovered the ifland, at leaft twelve years after their arrival. It is fituated in latitude 20° i'', 158° 15' weft longitude. It is fmall, high, and populous. There are feveral iflands in its neighbourhood, fome of which are fubjeót to Wateoo. All the inhabitants are of the fame race and language with thofe already defcribed.

We may hope that the gofpel will be fpread from Otaheite, by means of its ufual intercourfe with other iflands, to thofe of Maitea, Tethuroa, and Eimeo, the four Society ifles, and the fmaller iflands dependent upon them. All thefe have fometimes been called the Society ifles j but the reafon for which fome of them were fo named by Cook does not apply to the reft. There is at the fame time fo ftrong a common refemblance, and fo intimate a connexion among the whole of this group, that it requires to be diftinguilhed by fome colleólive title. The name of his prefent Majefty was given to Otaheite by Captain Wallis j but it has been fuperfeded, as all foreign denominations ftiould be, by that which the natives themfelves give to their country. They are not however known to give col/e£live titles to the groups of iflands inhabited by them. All thofe which have been defcribed were brought to notice, revifited, enriched with European articles of food and commerce, and at length have received inftruólion in chriftianity, during the reign of his prefent Majefty ; whom may God preferve ! Other alTemblages of iflands in the Pacific Ocean have, for much lefs important caufes, been named after Spanifh monarchs J as the Philippine and Caroline iflands. We fhall, therefore, ufe the liberty, when fpeaking of the whole group, to denominate them the Georgian iflands. The direéhion wherein they lie renders the palfage to windward difficult and precarious ; and the diftindl governments by which they are mutually divided and oppofed, muft

be expeded to retard, in forne meafure, the prog refs of the gofpel through this clufter ; but we truft, through the divine blefling, that thefe obftacles will be furmounted by the peculiar advantages attending our .numerous miffion at the principal ifland, the influence of which over the others has been already greatly increafed by its frequent intercotirfe with the Engliffi,

Geographical and hißorical Account of Tlongataboo, and the Ifand^ which are connehied zvith it,

TONGATABOO prefents an afpeél very different from that of Otaheite i to the weft ward of which it is fituated, at a diftance of four hundred and eighty leagues, and of more than three hundred leagues from Watëoo, the wefternmoft of the Iflands before mentioned. It is about twenty leagues in circuit, and nearly triangular in its form. Its northern fide is indented by a bay, which communicates with an extenfive lagoon within the ifland. The weftern point of this inlet was afeertained by Captain Cook to be in latitude 21° 8' 19^'', and 175° 4' 42'^ weft longitude. On this fide alfo an extenfive harbour is formed by reefs and iflands which cover its whole length. The ffiore is in this part low and fandy j but afeends on the other fides of the ifland, in a perpendicular coral rock, from feven to ten feet above the fea at flood-tide, which rifes from three feet and a half to four feet and three quarters. A reef that lies two miles N. W. by W. from the northernmoft point of the ifland forms a road for (hipping ; but it is far from being fecure, the coral bank, which is the only anchoring-ground, being very fteep, and extending only three cables’ length from the ffiore. The greater part of the coaft round the ifland is guarded by flat rocks about two hundred yards wide, and of greater extent toward the fouth-eaftern point, near which is the moft elevated part of the ifland, about one hundred feet high above the fea. The interior is diverfified by many gently rifing grounds. The foil is loofe and

black to a confîderable depth, but intermixed with ftrata of reddilh clay : it is chiefly very fertile, and in many parts highly cultivated ; the plantations, in the rnidfl: of which the principal houfes are placed, being alfo very neatly enclofed. The vegetable productions are moftly fimilar to thofe of the places already defcribed, the cocoa-nut being in greater perfedlion, the bread-fruit in lefs, than they are at the more lofty iflands. There are feveral plants at Tongataboo that were not known at Otaheitej efpecially {haddocks, and a new fpecies of the Jefuits’ bark, likely to equal that of Peru in medicinal virtue. It is well furnifhed with trees, which grow very luxuriantly. Water is fomewhat fcarce, and moftly brackilh. There were no dogs before they were fupplied by Europeans. Of other animals there are the fame kinds as at Otahéite, and feveral fpecies of birds not common to that ifland, particularly green parroquets with red feathers on their heads. Some kinds of birds are ufually tamed and fed by the inhabitants. There are alfo bats in great numbers, and fome of fuch magnitude, that the tips of their wings, when extended, are from three to four feet apart.

-This ifland-was difcovered 27th January 1643, by Abel Janfan Tafman, a Dutch navigator. The inhabitants came unarmed on board his ftiips, without the leaft apparent defign or apprehenfion of mifchief. They exchanged hogs, fowls, and fruits, for European articles, which they alfo pilfered as they found opportunity ; but in other refpedts they behaved in the moft courteous and friendly manner. Tafman anchored in the roadftead ; and fent his boats, to fearch for frefli water, into the bay already defcribed. To the former he gave the name of Van Diemen, and to the latter that of Maria, in honour of the perfon then governor of the Dutch Eaft Indies and his lady.. An elderly chief, who feems at that time to have had the fovereign authority, came repeatedly on board, Ihewed the moft profound refpedt to his vifitors, and was highly gratified by the prefents which they made to him. Among thefe was a wooden bowl, probably the faine that long afterwards was ufed by the fovereigns of Tongataboo as a. di-

vining-cup, to convint perfons accufed of crimes j and the fame homage which is rendered to the fovereign when prefent, was paid during his abfence to the bowl, as his reprefentative.

No weapons were feen by Tafman at Tongataboo; which circum-flance, as well as their unfufpicious conduél toward drangers fo formidably equipped, indicates that they had been accuftomed to a date of general peace and fecurity. No quarrel occurred during this interview ; and the Dutch, after having obtained abundance of provifions, but very little water, proceeded to the adjacent idands to the northward.

Captain Cook, accompanied by Captain Furneaux, vifited this place in 1773, having previoudy fpent fome days at the neighbouring idand of Eöoa. They anchored in Van Diemen road, October 3d ; and the inhabitants, who had met them half way between the idands, behaved with the fame confidence and kindnefs, that they had fhewn, one hundred and thirty years before, to Tafman. They fell alfo to the fame pra(dices of pilfering ; for which fome of them who were peculiarly daring were punidied, without betraying appearances of refentment. Hëte-hëte and Omae, who were on board the diips, were at fird perplexed by a difference of dialeed ; as thefe idanders make ufeof the confonants f, k, and hard g, which are unknown at the Georgian idands : but they foon perceived the identity .of the radical language, and became able to converfe duently with the natives.

A man, named Attago, who had fomequot; authority among his countrymen, attached himfelf to Captain Cook, and rendered him edential fervices. He introduced the Englidi to an elderly chief of fuperior rank, named Tooböu, who likewife a(ded in a friendly manner, although with a degree of referve. A perfon of much higher dignity was alfo met with, named Latöo Liböoloo, to whom homage was paid by all ranks, although he appeared very defedive of intelleól. He bore the title of Arëekee, which was applied to no other perfon except Pöulaho, then the fovereign chief, and fifth in defeent from the perfon who reigned at the period of Tafman’s vifit. The mother of Libooloo, who lived at a diftant ifland of the fame group, was

elder filler of Poulaho’s father; and had this fon, and two daughters, by a man who came from the extenfive neighbouring iHands named Fejë. The members of this family were called Tammahä, and ranked above Poulaho himfelf, notwithftanding his poITeffion of the fupreme power, either on account of their mother’s feniority, or of fome pre-eminent dignity of their foreign parent. One of the daughters, refided with their mother, the other at Tongataboo. Libooloo had alfo an infant fon at Eooa, to whom extreme attention was paid. Poulaho was then abfent from Tongataboo.

It became necelfary to prohibit the purchafe of curiofities from the if!anders, in order to obtain adequate fupplies of food : thefe were afterwards abundantly furnifhed. Weapons of a very formidable nature were then found among then, although they ufually went unarmed. Their fpears were barbed in a very dangerous manner, and their clubs very curioully carved. Some of their canoes were executed in a ftyle far fuperior to thofe of Otaheite, the planks being feather-edged, and lapped over, which prevented the water entering, as it continually does into the others. They had lefs cloth, but more matting than the Georgian iflanders : it was more neatly and beautifully made, and was ufed to cover their floors, as well as for drefs. Their bafket-work alfo difcovered much ingenuity, and their cloth was glazed fo as to refill wet. The women were far lefs immodeft ; but the men were more generally addidled to the pepper-root draught, here called kava. The fubmiflion paid to the chiefs, and the diflinc-tion of private property, were much greater here than at Otaheite. An old drunken man, then thought to be a prieft, was refpedted as a perfon of rank; but fome images, found in the houfe where their dead were interred, were evidently objets of contempt rather than of worfhip ; and no article of food was depofited in thofe places. Many of the people were obferved to have loft their little fingers. Their mode of falutation is by touching their nofes together ; and, unlike the Ota-heiteans, they ufe an expreflion of thankfulnefs for whatever they receive, always lifting it over their heads, They were then little

acquainted with the value of iron, of which the only article found among them was an awl, made from a nail. This had been brought from a diftant ifland, where Captain Wallis had left it ; the articles which Tafman gave them having been expended, and forgotten fince his voyage : the tradition of his vifit had neverthelefs been preferved, and even its period was afeertained by them.

Captain Cook revifited Tongataboo in company with Captain Clerke in 1777 ; and anchored on the loth of June in Maria bay, the accefs to which through the reef was found difficult. They had fpent a confiderable time among the more northern iflands that are fubject to Tongataboo ; and were accompanied from thence by Poulaho, whofe family name was found to be Futtafaihe, by which title his brother, and his fon then under twelve years old, were ufually called. Poulaho was fhort, and extremely corpulent, about forty years old, and in his behaviour fenfible and fedate. His confort was daughter of an elderly chief named Marewage. Her brother Fenöu, who was then thirty years of age, filled the office of commander in chief ; the moft frequent duties of which appeared to confift in the punifhment of criminals. His authority, it was faid, extended to the conduól of the fove-reign himfelf. Both the father and fon were thin and tall. Marewage had alfo another fon, named Tooboueitöa; and a brother named Toobou, much older than the chief of that name before mentioned. All thefe perfons were highly reverenced by their countrymen ; and they vied with’ each other in the profufion of entertainments which they provided for their Englifh guefts, to whom a houfe was affigned at the wertem point of the creek leading into the lagoon. In the neighbourhood was obferved a curious caufeway, built of coral rtone. acrofs a morafs, with a kind of circus in its centre, apparently of very ancient conrtrudion. The country immediately around was uncultivated ; and the vart concourfe of people who came either to perform in the entertainments exhibited to the Englifh, or to be fpedators of them, was productive of various inconveniences. Several thefts were committed j but no aót of violence, except on a 4

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goat that Captain Cook had intended to leave there. He prefented a bull and cow, a horfe and mare, a ram and two ewes, with fome goats, to Poulaho and Fenou, who were the perfons moft likely to take care of them. A couple of rabbits, which had been given to the latter, had already bred; and fome Otaheitean dogs, which had been left in 1773 with Attago, had multiplied. Some of the animals having previoufly been ftolen from Captain Cook, he had ventured to put the king and feveral chiefs into confinement, till reftitution was made. The natives aflembled in arms to releafe them, but by Poulaho’s order they defifted ; and the animals being brought back, he and his nobles were fet at liberty, without any diminution of their friendfhip, or even interruption of their entertainments. At the clofe of thefc, fome officers, wandering over the ifland, were plundered, both of the articles they had taken for trade, and of their arms. On receiving this intelligence, Poulaho and the other chiefs prudently removed from the neighbourhood, to avoid a fécond captivity ; but they returned upon being affured that no violence would be ufed, and they caufed the things which had been fiolen to be refiored. Captain Cook then vifited Möoa, a village fituated a league from the bay, upon the banks of the inlet, where the chiefs have places of abode and elegant plantations. The boat and its contents were left unguarded on the bank, by the direélion of Poulaho, who engaged that nothing would be fiolen. The fhips were found, upon their return, to have been likewife exempt from depredation, through the vigilance and authority of Fenou : but a quarrel took place the following day between a working party and fome of the natives, three of whom were confined and flogged, and a fourth ffiot through the neck with a ball by the centry. The poor man narrowly efcaped death, and no meafures were taken for revenge, either by the chiefs or the common people. The king dining on board feemed highly pleafed with the pewter plates ; and being prefented with one, faid that he would ubfiitute it for the bowl which had before fufiained the offices of chief jufiice and viceroy. At another dinner, which was h 3

lii nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

given on fliore by Captain Cook,' he invited, at Poulaho’s delire, Mongöula Käipa, the filler of Latoo Libooloo. The king had been accullomed to abfiain from eating in her brother’s prefence, without fhewing him any other mark of reverence : but to her he paid the fame homage that he received from his own fubjeds, embracing her feet with his hands»

Captain Cook prolonged his Hay till July 5, to obferve an eclipfe of the fun ; and he was delayed feveral days later for want of a favourable wind to carry the fliips out of the harbour by a channel that he had difcovered to the eaftward, which was fafer than the northern paflage whereby they had entered the bay. During this time he revifited Mooa, and was prefent at a curious ceremony called the natche. On the nth of July they, with fome difficulty, cleared the reefs by which the harbour is formed, and proceeded to Eöoa.

It is not known that any other navigator vifited Tongataboo-before the lall day of i-yg-y, when M. de la Péroufe paffcd it to the wellward without anchoring. He laid to, off the fouthern Ihore ; and feven or eight canoes having approached within twenty yards of the French Ihips, the natives leaped out of them, and fwam alongfide with cocoa-nuts in each hand, which they exchanged very honellly for bits of iron, nails, and fmall hatchets. They foon after went* on board with confidence and cheerfulnefs ; and a young man, who allerted that he was the fon o-f Fenou, received feveral prefents with cries prelTed them to land, and promifed abundance of provifions, which their canoes were not capable of bringing off. The 1 Handers were noify, but had no appearance of ferocity, although they brought fome clubs in their boats. They had all loll two joints of their little fingers. La Peroufe bore away, the evening of the following day, feeing no profpea of obtaining provifions without coming to an anchor.

Captain Edwards, in the Pandora, paid a vifit aimoil equally tranfient to this illand in the latter end of July ly^i, in fearch after the mutineers-of the Bounty. He obtained provifions, but could

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get no water that was not brackilh. It was under hood diat Fenou had then lately died.

Meffrs. D’Entrecafteaux and Huon, in the French floops La Recherche and L’Efperance, anchored at Tongataboo on the 3d of March 1793, and were very hofpitably entertained. They Raid a week, but the detail of their vifit has not tranfpired.

No other European veffel is known to have touched at this ifland;' for the account given by the Europeans who were found here by the Duff, cannot be depended upon. It is not improbable, that Tongataboo might be vifited by the Spaniill navigators Malefpini and Baftemente, who are faid to have difeovered in this neighbourhood^ a group of iflands, called the Babacos, about the fame time that the French floops paffed by.

The intercourfe of Europeans at Tongataboo having been fo much lefs frequent than at Otaheite, it was with fomewhat lefs confidence that a miffion was attempted at the former than at the latter place. The refult will appear from the relation of the voyage, which alfo throws light upon feveral circumftances, for which preceding navigators could not account. The nature of the government of this ifland is not yet wholly developed. Captain Cook was much at a lofs refpedling it, and had fuppofed Fenou to be the fovereign, till he became acquainted with Poulaho. When thefe two perfonages met, the miftake was immediately corrected : but the dignity and power of the commander in chief, which feem, like the fovereignty, to be hereditary, are fo great, that the apparent fuperiority of one above the other muff depend in a confiderable degree upon the per-fonal qualities of thofe who fill thefe ft at ions. Poulaho being dead, his fon Futtafaihe fucceeded him in the fovereignty ; but he being a voluptuous man, the government is chiefly condudled by Fenou Toogahöue, the prefent commander in chief, who is faid to be nephew of the former. His fuperiority as a warrior and as a man of bufinefs, gives a preponderance to his authority. The influence of the royal family feems alfo to have been diminiffied by a civil war,.

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which Toogahoue had waged with fuccefs. The government here, as at Otaheite, is evidently in a great meafure ariftocratical ; but the power of the chiefs is more defpotic at Tongataboo, although ex-ercifed with lefs outrage to private property. The officers of Rate here likewife maintain a kind of general jurifdidion : while at Otaheite every thing feems to be decided either by fuperior force, or by arbitration in the feparate diftrifts ; and criminal puniffiment is there unknown, except in the feleólion of obnoxious charadlers for occa-fional facrifices. The latter feem to be offered at Tongataboo much lefs frequently, and only upon funereal occafions. Infant murders are here unknown ; as well as infant fucceffion, and the fociety of arreoes, which appear to be principal caufes of that horrid cuftom in the Georgian iflands. The lafcivious practices which are a]mod univerfal there, feem to be ufually redridled here to common profti-tutes of the loweft clafs. Polygamy is eftabliffied, but adultery is puniffied with death. The neceffity of cultivation, and the regard paid to private property, have rendered the people of Tongataboo more ingenious and induftrious : and being feldom at war, they appear to be remarkably free, in general, from habits of fufpicion or revenge. Their mufcular ffrength and adtivity are great ; although in fize they are much exceeded by the chiefs of Otaheite, and of fome other iflands. Intrepidity and dexterity are ftriking features of their general charadlerj and thefe qualities naturally render thofe individuals who are the moft depraved, peculiarly mifchievous.

Tongataboo, confidered in itfelf, is evidently deflrable as the feat of a miffion ; but its principal importance arifes from the extenfive and intimate connexion that it has with other iflands. While moft of thofe which are difpcrfed over the Pacific Ocean are independent of each other. Tongataboo is the centre of government to a furprifing number. The natives named more than one hundred and fifty of thefe when Captain Cook was laft there ; but feveral are uninhabited, many of them very fmall, and fome were at that time independent of their government, and even hoftile to it. Only fifteen

of thefe are lofty, and few are fo' large as Tongataboo. Captain Cook explored more than fixty of the whole number, and other navigators have difcovered many of the remaining iflands of this group. The direólion in which it chiefly extends being north and fouth, 'renders the communication each way praticable during the trade wind ; and moft, if not all the iflands, are regularly vifited by the fovereign or the commander in chief.

It remains to give fome account of other remarkable iflands, which have been difcovered in this neighbourhood j and firfl: of fuch as are immediately fubjet to Tongataboo.

The ifland of Eoo A lies fouth-eaft of Tongataboo, from whence it is diftant nearly four leagues. Its form approaches to an oval, with its longeft diameter from north to fouth. Its eaftern fide is placed by Captain Cook in 1'74° 40'weft longitude, and its fouthern extremity in latitude ai° 29'. It is about ten leagues in circuit, and almofl; as high as the Ifle of .Wight, being perceptible from a diftance of twelve leagues at fea. The fouth-eaftern coaft: rifes immediately - from the fea with great inequalities ; but on the north-weft part are valleys, meadows, and plains, of confiderable extent. From that quarter the ground afcends gradually to the highefl part, which then continues nearly level. The foil on the heights is chiefly compofed of a foft fandy ftone, but in other parts is ufually a reddilh clay, of a great depth. nbsp;A deep valley, which is two hundred

feet above the level of the fea, conflits almofl: wholly of coral rock, but is covered with trees. The cultivated plantations chiefly border upon the coafts. There are fprings of fine water in various parts of the ifland, but none of them are conveniently acceflible to . fllipping. The befl: anchorage was found upon the north-weft fide, in latitude 21° 20' 30'''', on a gravelly bank extending two miles from the land, with depths from twenty to thirty fathom. Abreaft of it is a creek, which affords convenient landing for boats at all times of the tide. In its produce and inhabitants this ifland refembles.Ton-

gataboo, except that it is not the ufual refidence of any of the fupc-rior chiefs, although feveral of them have property at Eooa. It has, notwithftanding, greatly the advantage of Tongataboo, for pleafant-nefs of fituation, as well as for goodnefs of frefh water j and apparently muft exceed it in falubrity.

The ifland was difcovered by Tafman, who did not land there ; nor does it appear certain that any navigator befide Cook has been upon it. He vifited Eooa in 1773, before he came to Tongataboo ; and in 1777, after he left that place. At both times he met with the moft cordial reception, although he could not obtain the fame profufion of fupplies that was lavifhed upon the Englifh by the court of Tongataboo. A perfon named Taôofa, who exercifed the principal authority, entertained them with a public fpeäacle of dancing, boxing, wreftling, amp;c. which, though upon a fmaller fcale than at the feat of government, collected together a concourfe of people, and was produétive, as ufual, .of fome diforderly condud. The peaceable and affedlionate behaviour of the people, in general, was fuch as to induce him to name thefe iflands, and the others which he vifited in the fame group. The Friendly Iflands. To the anchorage at Eooa he gave the name of Englifli road. He left a ram and two ewes upon this ifland.

The third ifland of this group which requires our notice is Ana-mook A. It is fituated in latitude 20” 15', 174’ 31' weft longitude, about eighteen leagues diftant from Tongataboo, which it refembles in its afpcdf. Its form is triangular, and none of its fides exceeds the length of four miles. Its extent is alfo diminifhed by a large fait lagoon, which almoft cuts off its fouth-eaftern angle from the reft. Its coafts are furrounded by fmall iflets, fand-banks, and reefs. A harbour is formed by thefe on the fouth-weftern fide of the ifland, with anchorage in ten and twelve fathom, the bottom coral fand. It is well flieltered, but no frelh water is to be obtained near the fhore. On the north-weft fide are two coves, to v/hich

there arc narrow paflages for boats through the reef. Juft to the fouthward of thefe is a bank, free from rocks, with twenty and twenty-five fathom depth, one or two miles from fhore. The coaft rifcs nearly perpendicular fifteen or twenty feet from the fea, and the ■interior appears level, excepting'fome fmall hillocks, and a more confiderable one toward the centre of the ifland. It is fimilar to Tongataboo in foil and productions, but is lefs cultivated, even in proportion to its fize. It is however better furniflied with water, there being a pond about three quarters of a mile from the landing-' place on the north-weft fide, of half a mile in circuit. The water is a little brackifh, but having in part anfwered the purpofes of navigators, their vifits to this ifland have been more frequent than to thofe already mentioned -j although the diftance from their fliips has rendered watering hazardous as well as difficult.

Tafman anchored here on the 25th of January 1643, was ■treated very kindly by the natives in general, and by a chief, whofe prefence and authority probably rendered this vifit the more tranquil. He gave to the ifland the name of Rotterdam, having called the former two Amfterdam and Middleburg. Captain Cook firft arrived at Anamooka on the 20th of June 1774 in the Refolution, having loft the company of Captain Furneaux in the Adventure, fubfequent to their vifit to Tongataboo the preceding year. He approached Anamooka' from the fouth-eaftward, after having doubled the low iflands and Ihoals lying in that direction, to the latitude of 20° 25^. Thefts were more frequently committed here than at the fouthernmoft iflands of the group j the character of the w’O-men appeared alfo to be much more licentious, and that of the men more daring. No farther mifehief than plunder was attempted, and this .was feverely punilhed by their European guefts. None of the principal people were prefent to reftrain the unruly j but fome of the natives diftinguiflied themfelves by the goodnefs of their conduCt, and moft of them behaved well, except when peculiar temptation inflamed their cupidity for the novelties of which their vifitors were

poflèfîed. The chaftifement infliéled upon the offenders effèélually improved their behaviour before the departure of the fhip, which took place on the 29th of June.

Captain Cook returned to this ifland in 1777, in company with Captain Clerkej and anchored in the road on the iff of May. A perfon called Toobou then refided as chief, and another, named Tâipa, who alfo acted as principal officer in Poulaho’s family, became very ferviceable. He introduced to. them Fenou, who re-forted hither from Tongataboo on being informed of their arrival. This great man prevailed upon Captain Cook to fail to the iflands called Hapäe, in preference to the former, which he meant to have immediately revifited. They accordingly proceeded to Hapae on the 14th of the fame month, by which time the two Ihips’companies - feemed nearly to have drained Anamooka of provifions ; but on returning early in June, the flock was found furprifingly recruited. Thefts had been praélifed during their former flay, in a private manner, even by fome of the chiefs, till they were compelled to make reftitution; and on the return of the veil cis, when all the people of rank were abfent, very little order was obferved. Poulaho and Fenou arrived foon afterward, and within three days accompanied the navigators toward Tongataboo.

Lieutenant Bligh, in the Bounty, anchored at Anamooka on the 23d of April 1789. The natives, who immediately came along-ffde with yams and cocoa-nuts in their canoes, did not offer to come on board till they had afked permiffion. The next day he was vifited by Taipa, who was then old and lame, but retained the im-preffion of his intercourfe with the Engliffi twelve years before, in fuch a degree that he perfedly underflood their pronunciation of South-Sea words, which no other perfon there was able to do. He informed them that their old principal friends were then living at Tongataboo, and he offered a large houfe for the ufe of the Engliffi, fuppofing they would, as formerly, have had a party on ffiore. Several things that were flolen were reflored by his influence. Some

more daring robberies being committed, and the natives crowding in large canoes from the neighbouring iflands, Mr. Bligh thought it neceffary, on the 26th, when the £hip was under fail, to coniine feveral of the chiefs, in order to recover what had been loft. This meafure producing no other effcdt than extreme diftrefs in his pri-foners, he difmifled them with prefents, and departed. Pine-apples, which had been planted in the iflands vifited by Captain Cook, were found here at that time in a flourifliing ftate.

Captain Edwards twice vifited Anamooka in J 791, having appointed this ifland for a place of rendezvous with the fchooner that had attended him from Otaheite, but afterward loft company of the Pandora. He firft anchored here on the 29th of June, and immediately difpatched Lieutenant Hayward to inquire at the iflands of Hapae and Fejë after Fletcher Chriftian and his party, but without fuccefs, excepting in their traffic for provifions. The licentioufnefs of the women at Anamooka feems to have been greatly promoted Ly European profligacy during this vifit ; and inftances of ferocity were manifefted by the native men, which, had till then been unknown ; efpecially in one cafe, where Lieutenant Corner narrowly efcaped being murdered. They were, notwithftanding, very attentive to the inftruélions which the officers gave them on the cultivation of the exotic plants, and tranfplanted the pine-apples immediately on receîving.direélions. Poulaho and one of the Toobous, who had gt;met Captain Edwards at Anamooka, failed with him early in July to the neighbouring ifland of Toofoa, whither they were going to colledl tribute. On the 29th of that month he again anchored here, and being ftill difappointed of intelligence about the fchooner, departed the 3d of Auguft.

No fubfequent vifit to this ifland has been made known. The detail already given is more than proportionate to the importance of •the place. -It is ranked by the natives among the fmaller iflands of their archipelago, which contains thirty-five larger than this. A difcafe of the leprous kind, which feems to be common to all the i a

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iflands of this ocean, is faid to prevail more at Ana mook a than in any other part of this group. The venereal difeafe, which was certainly introduced here by the Englifh, has alfo probably made a dreadful progrefs, in confequence of the unreftrained debauchery praótifed by its laft vifitors, who are acknowledged to have been greatly infected when they arrived at this place from Otaheite. Wood being an article procured here by all the fliips, if is necefl'ary to mention the damage that has been incurred in cutting a tree, called laitanoo by the natives, which is a fpecies of pepper, and yields a milky juice that injures the eyes and ikin of the workmen.

The ifland mentioned above, named Toor5A, is fituated N.N.W. from Anamooka, at a diftance of ten leagues r it is obfervable from thence by means of its- height, and of a volcano at its fummit, which almoft conRantly emitted fmoke, and fometimes threw up ftones. Its fhores arefteep, and covered with black fand. The rocks are hollow, and in fome places of it columnar form. The mountain, except in fpots that appear to have been recently burned, is covered with verdure, fhrubs, and trees. The coaft is about five leagues in circuit. To the north-eaft end of this ifland, and only two miles diflant, is another of much lefs extent, but of thrice its height, which is called Kao : it is a mountainous rock, of a conical form. Both thefe were difeovered by Tafman, and have been feen by every fubfequent navigator of this group. Captain Cook pafled between them, and had no foundings in the channel by which they are fe-parated. Each ifland was underflood to be inhabited, but no European had landed upon either, at the time when the mutiny fuddenly occurred in the Bounty, two days after the departure of that veflel from Anamooka. Lieutenant Bligh was forced into a boat, with eighteen of his people, when ten leagues fouth-wefl from Toofoa. He attempted, therefore, to get an immediate fupply of bread-fruit and water at that ifland,. which, as he underflood, afforded thofe articles. The next morning, 28th April 1789, they landed in a cove on the north-weft coaft, in latitude 19’ 4 T. They-climbed the height^» 4

but obtained only fome cocoa-nuts and plantains, and a few gallons of water from holes in the rocks. The weather being too boifterous to proceed, they fheltered themfelves by night in an adjacent cave. On the I ft of May feveral of the inhabitants brought them a fmall fupply, and retired peaceably in the evening. The next day their number greatly increafed. Some principal perfons alfo came round the north ftde of the ifland in canoes, and among them one of the chiefs whom Lieutenant Bligh had threatened to carry from Anamooka, upon an occafion which has already been mentioned. They offered to accompany him to Tongataboo when the weather fliould moderate; but fome fymptoms appearing of a defign to obtain by force the articles that he could not afford to barter .with them, he determined to depart that evening, as they were not inclined to retire. They had pre-vioufly fold him fome of their weapons, and they now allowed his people to carry their property into the boat ; but they would not fuffer him to embark, and a conteft enfued, in which moft of the Englifh were wounded by ftones, and one of them was killed. The reft efcaped, and bore away toward New Holland ; from whence they reached the Eaft Indies in their boat, enduring extreme hard-fliip, but no farther lofs of lives.-

This unhappy event furnifhes the only inftance of an European being killed at any ifland of this group, notwithftanding the feverity, and even the cruelty, which has frequently been exercifed toward the natives,' on account of the thefts committed by them.. That, their eagernefs to obtain our property is fuch as to endanger a fmall party landing at any of the lefs civilized iflands, is evident, not only from Captain Bligh’s experience, but alfo from that of a few people on board the fchooner which had accompanied the Pandora from Otaheite. After parting company, as before mentioned, fhe unfortunately came to Toofoa inftead of Anamooka, where Captain Edwards probably was at the very time. I'hey obtained fome water and provifions from the natives ; but the latter attempted to. feize the veflel, in which there were only nine people. Thefe, however, being

amply provided with fire-arms, fuceefsfùlly refifted the aflault of numbers vaftly fuperior. Few days could apparently have elap fed after this occurrence, when the Pandora arrived at Toofoa with Poulaho on board. Lieutenant Hayward, who had been there with Bligh, recolleded fome of their former aflailants. They fhunned his notice, and had perhaps more reafon for doing fo than he knew, as at that time he received no intelligence of the fchóoner.

Hapâe (fometimes pronounced Habëi) has been mentioned as the place to which Captain Cook accompanied Fenou and Taipa at the‘defire of the former, from Anamooka in May 1777. It is reckoned by the natives as one of the more extenfive iflands of their group, but it confifts of four or more low iflets, fix or feven miles -each in length, which are joined together by a reef. They are not more than two or three miles broad. That iflet which is moft cultivated is called Lefôoga, or Lefooka ; and this alone exceeds Anamooka in the number and extent of its plantations. At its fouth-weftern end is an artificial mount fifty feet in diameter at the fummit, which is raifed to the height of forty feet above the reft of the ground. The Refolution and Difcovery anchored abreaft of the reef that conneóls this ifland with another to the north-eaft which is called Föa, in twenty-four fathom, with a bottom of coral fand. A creek in the fhore of ^Lefooga, three quarters of a mile’from the ftiips, afforded convenient landing at all times. Proper meafures having been taken by quot;Fenou and Taipa, an abundant fupply of provifions was obtained, and public diverfions were fplendidly exhibited ; but thefe chiefs were lefs careful to prevent the theft of European articles. They left Captain Cook on the 22d of the fame 'month, requefting him to wait till they returned from Vavöu, which they réprefented to be two days fail in their canoes to the northward of Hapae. Finding it difficult to obtain fupplies in their abfence, he removed on the 26th, fouth-ward of Lefooga, and feafched in vain for a channel between the loWf iflands. That which lies next to Lefooga, in this diredfion, is called Hooläeva, and is deftitute of cultivation, being ufed only for

filhing and catching turtle ; but an artificial mount, fimilar to that in Lefboga, was obferved upon it. Poulaho met the Ihips before their departure, and accompanied them on thé 29th, in their palTage among the fmall iflandsi and reefs, which obftruól the navigation between Hapae and Anamooka.

Fran, Ant. MaUrelle, a Spanifh difcoverer, was entangled in the fame navigation in March 1781, after having been very hofpitably entertained at fome iflands immediately to the northward of Hapae. He found a paffage with a depth of five fathom, between the latter and the iflands to the weftward of it, which had been mifled by Captain Cook. Meeting with frefli obftacles among thofe iflands which lie dire eft! y north of Anamooka, he bore away toward Kao and Toofoa. While amidft the iflands, he trafficked with the natives, who came off to the Hi ip in their canoes. A perfon who was faid to be the chief over forty-eight iflands, alfo came on board after fending prefents. He promifed the fame public diverfions and contributions with which the Englifli had been entertained, to induce Maurelle to land. The moft fouthern point of the ifland, where this man is faid to have refided, is placed in the latitude of 19° 39^. The longitudes affigned by Maurelle are feveral degrees too far to the weftward. He did not fufpeót the iflands which he named Galvez, Gran Montana, and San Chriftoval, to be thofe called by the natives Hapae, Kao, and Toofoa ; and he left Anamooka and Tongataboo out of fight to the eaftward, but faw the two fmall rocky iflands, Höonga Tonga and Höonga Hapae, in latitude 20° 32', and named them Las ,Culebras. He difcovered a dangerous reef, extending two leagues, and leaving to the fouthward a channel, three leagues wide, between the reef and thofe iflands. He alfo faw the high uninhabited fpot, difcovered and named Tylftaarts ifland by Tafman, in latitude 22° 22', 175° 59^ weft longitude.. This he called La Sola.

An ifland, lying in the latitude of 17° 37'', 173° 16'' 34''^ weft longitude, was the fii'ft that Maurelle difcovered in approaching the Friendly Iflands. He fell in with it 26th February 1781, and named

it Am ARG UR A (Bitternefs), on account’of his fever e difappoint-ment of obtaining refrefhments from it; no landing-place being found even for boats, and the ifland itfelf having a lingular appearance of barren nefs. Upon a confiderable mountain within it, not a tree was to be feen. In July 1791 Captain Edwards coafted the north-weft fide of this ifland, and dbferved the appearance of a tolerable landingplace in that quarter. That part of the coaft was flat table land, without eminence or indentation, and from the edge of the furface fmoke iffued along its whole extent. He called it Gardner’s ifland.

An ifland called by the natives Latt ai, in latitude 18° 47' 174° 48^ weft longitude; was difeovered by Maurelle the day after he had paflTed the former. It confifts chiefly of a vaft conical mountain, the fummit of which appeared to be burnt, but the fides were covered with' trees ; and it is furrounded with a lower border, which is very fertile, and affords frefh water. Many canoes came off; and the people in them, among whom was the chief of the ifland, behaved with much confidence and kindnefs, and fold cocoa-nuts and bananas to the Spaniards. Captain Edwards gave this place the name of Bickerton’s ifland.

Maurelle proceeded toward fome iflands, fifteen leagues diftant, and lying eaft-north-eaft from the preceding j the appearance of which promifed better anchorage, as well as more abundant refrefhments. He was prevented by the wind from reaching them till the 4th of March, when, after paffing between fome fmaller elevated iflands on the north-weft of the principal land, he anchored in a creek bordered with houfes and plantations. In approaching this ftation, the flrip had every day been furrounded by numerous canoes, laden with all kinds of provifions, in exchange for which the iflanders wanted to have tools, but obtained only clothing, Maurelle having ftrangely prohibited the fale of iron. The natives were in general tall and robuft. The chief, named Toobou, to whom they paid the moft profound refped, was advanced in age, and very corpulent.

He treated Maurelle with the fame profufe hofpitality that Cook had experienced at the more fouthern iflands. Water was not, however, to be obtained fufficiently nigh at hand, and that which oozed into a pit dug by the Spaniards proved too brackifh to be ufed. Maurelle therefore removed to a bay two leagues from the former, and in doing fo loft two anchors. Here the fhip was perfeétly flieltered, and good water was obtained clofe. to the Ihore. The Spaniards were entertained with the ufuaf public di ver fions, and being always on their guard, the intercourfe on flrore was not interrupted by any conteft ; but the iflanders who came on board Role everything they could feize. They tore away the chain of the rudder ; and after another had been fubftituted, one of the natives was (hot dead in attempting to take that alfo. Maurelle failed 19th March, through a channel to the fouth-weft, which, as well as that by which he entered, was found to be perfedly commodious. Fie places his anchorage in latitude 18° 36', and he called it El Refugio, or the Refuge.

The largeft of thefe iflands is nearly equal in extent to Tongataboo, and confiderably higher, although not mountainous. It is highly fertile, and well cultivated, producing the fame fruits and roots as elfe-where in thefe latitudes, and abounding more with the cloth-plant than any of the Friendly Iflands. Maurelle named this group after Don Martin de Mayorga, then viceroy of Mexico; and gives no intimation of the names ufed by the inhabitants.

Péroufe, who, in 1787, approached all the iflands laid defcribed, but had no intercourfe with the natives, takes it for granted that they conftitute the country called by Cook Vavaoo, but pronounced Vavöu by the Friendly iflanders, and already fpoken of as lying at the diflance of two'days fail from Hapae. But this fpace, according to Captain Cook’s calculation, muft exceed two hundred miles, which is more than double the diflance between Hapae and the iflands of Mayorga. Captain Edwards alfo explored this clufter in July 1791, naming it Howe’s iflands, and the anchorage Curtis’s found. The Ihip was vifited by two perfons, called Futtafaihe and Toobou.

Captain Bligh, in the Providence, accompanied by Captain Portlock, in thé Affiftance, when returning with the bread-fruit from Otaheite, laid to during the night, 3d Auguft 1792, off thefe Iflands, and obtained provifions, but did not land. Two Ihips,* which Maurelle underftood to have been here prior to his voyage, might be thofe of Cook and Clerke, which the natives had probably feen at Hapae. By whatever name thefe Iflands ought to be diftinguilhed, they prefent a favourable and a confiderable objedt for the attention of our miffionarles. The longitude afligned to them by Captain Edwards is 173“ 53' weft,

Neootaböotaboo and Kootahë are feparated by a channel only three miles broad, in which is a fmall ifland ; and are fituated in latitude 15° 55^ 173° 48' weft longitude. The former is the more ex-tenfive, and is reckoned among the larger of the Friendly Iflands. It is chiefly low, but has a confiderable hill in its centre. It is divided into two unequal parts by a channel, which, at the mouth, is three hundred yards wide. Kootahe is very lofty, of a conical form, between two and three miles in diameter, and lies north-eaft from the former. Both are populous, fertile, and poflefled of the fame animals and vegetables as the iflands before defcribed. They were difeovered by Schouten and Lemaire, loth May 1616. Their Ihip anchored op the north-weft fide of Kootahe, half a mile from the fliore, in fandy ground, with twenty-five fathom j but they fent a boat to the larger ifland to fearch for a better ftation. The natives fwam around the Ihip, and bartered cocoa-nuts in abundance for nails and beads ; but they endeavoured to feize the boat, and one of them was Ihot before they defifted from the attempt. The chief of Neootabootaboo, who had the title of Latoo, came on board ;; and having invited the Dutch to that ifland, they were proceeding thither, when a thoufand of the natives fuddenly attacked the Ihip from their canoes, but were repulfed with much havoc by the cannon loaded with mulket-balls. Schouten departed on the r 3th of the fame month. He gave the names of Traitors’ and Cocoa- iflands to thefe difeoveries, in confequence of the reception he met with. Captain Wallis fell in with tliem.

13th Auguft 1767, and called them Keppel’s and Bofcawen’s iflands. His boat’s crew examined Neootabootaboo, and found a place for anchoring and landing, with frefli water, but inconveniently fituated. Captain Wallis exchanged fome nails for fowls, fruits, and one of their clubs, and proceeded the next day to the weftward. The nails were in Poulaho’s pofleffion at Tongataboo, when Cook was there with him. Peroufe faw Kootahe 20th December 1787, and having the next day examined both the iftands, laid to on the following, in a fandy bay upon the weft coaft of the larger divifion of Neootabootaboo. The natives brought off the fineft cocoa-nuts he had ever feen, with other vegetables, as well as fome fowls and a hog : they difcovered no apprehenfion, and traded very freely. They refembled the more fouthern iflanders in every thing, except that their looks indicated a ferocity, like that which charatfterizes their northern neighbours. The French did not fuffer them to come on board, but punilhed the moft trifling thefts with feverity ; having been recently exafperated by the murder of Captain de L’Angle and eleven more perfons, at one of the Navigators’ iflands, which lie to the northward of thefe. A rocky bank, two or three leagues north of Kootahe, was found in 1616, with fourteen fathom water upon it.

An ifland was difcovered by Schouten and Lemaire the day after they left the preceding, which they reckoned to be thirty Dutch leagues more to the weft ward. They judged it to be nearly of circular form, and about two leagues from north to fouth; but they exprefs fome uncertainty as to its extent. It is hilly, and covered with verdure, abounding with cocoa-nut trees, and populous. A . large village laid clofe to the fhore. They called it Hope ifland, from the profpeól it afforded them of obtaining refrefhments. Of thefe they were neverthelefs difappointed, not being able to land for the furf, which every where broke upon the coaft. Sending a boat to found, they found from , twenty to forty fathoms, two or three hundred yards from fliore, with rocky bottom ; but there were no foundings a little further out. The natives aóted as at Kootahe, and k 3

feveral of them were killed for attempting to feize the boat. They brought olf vegetables only. The Dutch proceeded the fame day to the weft ward.

Captain Edwards fell in with this ifland 5th Auguft 1791, when he apparently meant to have vilited the former two, but was carried too much to leeward. He places it in latitude 15° nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;175° weft

longitude. In the account of his voyage, it is fpoken of as having eonfiderable extent, and the houfes as being of much larger conftrudion than at other iflands of this archipelago. He named it Proby’s ifland, but underftood that the natives called it Onoo-aföu.

This name, and the diftance of this ifland from Hapae, accord with the defcription given to Cook, of the Vavöu of the Friendly iflanders ; to which their term for an inhabited country, Wanoo, may have been prefixed by the natives, as it is to the names of feveral iflands in this ocean. Computing the extent of the ifland by its proportionate diftance from Kootahe, it muft be nine or ten Englifti miles in diameter, according to' Lemaire’s ftatement. Poulaho aflerted that it affords as good anchorage as Tongataboo, and that it is larger, and has, feveral ftreams of frelh water. Vavou is in high eftimation among the Friendly iflanders ; and was, in 1777, the refidence of Latoo-libooloo’s mother and fifter. A folemn mourning was alfo then celebrated at Tongataboo for a chief who had lately died at Vavou.

Two more iflands were difeovered by Schouten and Lemaire, the fifth day after leaving that laft defcribed. They deftroyed fome of the natives at their firft interview, but were afterward hofpitably entertained by them, and procured every kind of refrefliment in great abundance. They were vifited by a perfon bearing the title of Latoo, and by another ftyled Areekee, who was therefore probably the fovereign of all the Friendly Iflands. He was treated by the other natives with the utmoft deference. They are reprefented like thofe of the more fouthern iflands in moft circumftances, except in being deftitute of clothing, and the females being deformed, and

peculiarly immodeft. The iflands are hilly, fertile, and populous. The extent of them is not defcribed. The fhip anchored in a narrow roadftead, on the fouthern fide of the principal illand, two or three hundred yards from a ftream of frefh water, in a depth of ten fathoms, with fandy bottom. Clofe on the outfide of the flrip was a bank, dry at low water. They place this anchorage in the latitude of 14° 56^ fouth. The iflands were named Hoorn, after tho Dutch port, where the veflel had been equipped; and the road was called Concord, after the fhip’s name.

If the Hope ifland of Schouten be Vavou, there feems little room to doubt that Hoorn iflands are the country called Hamo a by the Friendly iflanders, who defcribe it as being two days fail from Vavou, to the northward of weft, and agreeing in other refpedts with Schouten’s Hoorn iflands. They do not appear to have been vifited by any other navigator, except we may conceive them to be the two iflands where Maurelle obtained refrefhments the 21ft and 22d of April 1781 ; which, therefore, he named Confolation Iflands. The figure and afpedt of thofe defcribed by him, and by Schouten and Lemaire, perfeftly accord. Maurelle does not give the latitude in his narrative. That upon his chart differs from Schouten’s by more than half a degree ; but an error of that amount is not unlikely to have occurred in Maurelle’s reckoning. No other difeovery correfponds with his, any more than with Schouten’s iflands.

Hamoa is reprefented by the natives of Tongataboo as the largeft ifland of their archipelago ; and Poulaho, who had frequently refided upon it, faid that it furnifhed good water and abundant re-frefliments, and afforded'harbour for fhips.

The preceding account includes all the iflands hitherto difeovered which have ufually been united under the fame government. There are two more groups, containing countries of greater extent than any yet defcribed, with which the Friendly iflanders are known to have communication. To thefe,. alfo, our miflionaries may therefore be

The very confiderable duller, of which either the whole, or fomc part, is called by the natives, FnjË, lies within three days fail in a canoe from that ifland. The more northern part of this numerous group was difcovered by Tafman 6th February 1643. Thefe illands and reefs are evidently the fame that were explored by the Duff, and amidfl which die met with the greateft danger that attended her voyage. They were named by Tafman Prince William’s Ifles, and Heemfkirk’s fhoals. They reach northward to the latitude of 15° 33'. Captain Bligh fell in with the eafternmofl of thefe iflands, in 178’ weft longitude, the third day after his efcape from Toofoa in the Bounty’s launch ; and he paffed through the midft of them in a north-weftern courfe, which he could not have made in a fhip, there being only four feet depth of water on one of the reefs which he crofted. In this diredion, he found the group to extend four degrees weft ward from the firft iflands j and he faw feveral that had from thirty to forty leagues of coaft, and appeared fertile, being pleafingly variegated with hills and valleys. His defencelefs fituation obliged him to avoid intercourfe with the inhabitants. On his return from Otaheite in the Providence, 5th Auguft 1792, he paffed to the north of the^rft iflands he had difcovered in 1789, and coafted, upon the fouth fide, fome of thofe which had been difcovered by Tafman. - After having croffed his former track, he doubled the fouthernmoft ifland of the group, in latitude 19” 15', 178° eaji longitude, and proceeded, iith Auguft,. on his voyage, in a courfe to the northward of weft. He landed no where, and the iflanders in vain attempted to overtake the fhip with their canoes, apparently with hoftile defigns.

The moft weftern part of this group was difcovered by Captain Barber, in the fnow Arthur, 26th April 1794, on his paffage from Port Jackfon to the north-weft coaft of America. He faw fix of the iflands^ the largeft of which he places in latitude 17° 30', 175° 15'

eaft longitude. He anchored in a bay on its weftern fide, and fome natives who came off in a canoe were reluélant to come on board, and feemed to be unaccuftomed to trade. The next day a number of canoes attacked the fhip, and two of the crew were wounded by them with arrows. ' The favages attempted to board, but were repulfed with the fliip’s fwivels and fmall arms. The navigation on this, as on every other fide of the group, was found to be intricate and dangerous.

It is uncertain whether thefe numerous and extenfive iflands are conneóted together under a diftinót government, or whether they are independent of each other, or moftly fubjedt to Tongataboo. It is certain that at leaft fome of the principal illands have been independent of its government, and occafionally hoftile to it. They are alfo of a diftindh race, fpeak a different language, and, befide fpears and clubs, make ufe of bows and arrows in battle. In this they refemble moft of the iflanders who inhabit the larger countries to the weftward ; and differ from all who have yet been difcovered to the eaftward of this group. Many of the latter have bows and arrows, but they ufe them, as we do, only in fport j their miflile weapons in war being no other than fpears and ftones. The intercourfe of Feje with Tongataboo does not feem to have lafted many generations, but during the prefent century it has been frequent. The Friendly iflanders regarded the people of Feje as fuperior to themfelves, both in military prowefs, and in mechanical ingenuity ; their weapons and clothing being wrought in a more mafterly ftyle, and fome manufadlures, efpecially that of earthen veffels, being carried on at Feje, which are not attempted at Tongataboo. There alfo were dogs at Feje when there were none at the Friendly Iflands, but they have been imported from thence fince the latter group became known to the Englifli. The fta-tùre of the Fejeans is fuperior, their complexions are darker, and their hair approaches to wool. They, moreover, retain the pradlice of eating the bodies of enemies whom they have killed, which is now abhorred by all of the lighter race, except the inhabitants of New Zealando.

It is probable that the Fejeans are of the fame race that occupies the moft ext en five iflands in this ocean. Their prevailing ferocity renders the more weftern countries very dangerous of accefs ; but it may be hoped, that the fuperior civilization of Feje, and its intercourfe with Tongataboo, to which it appears that at, lead: fome part of this group has lately been fubjedled, may afford a favourable introdudlion of our miffionaries among a nation of great extent, and in the utmoft need of evangelical indruélion. The only Europeans who are known to have landed at Feje, are Lieutenant Hayward, and a man who attended him thither, in a large canoe hired at Anamooka, for the purpofe of fearching after Fletcher Chridian. Their inquiry was fruitlefs, but feems to have been conducted without danger.

The other group which has intercourfe with the Friendly Iflands, is that which was named by M. de Bougainville the Navigators’ Iflands. Thefe are only ten in number, but fomc of them are remarkable for their extent, fertility, and population. They are fituated between 169° and 172° 30' weft longitude, and from latitude 13° 25'', to an uncertain extent fouthward. They are all lofty, like the Society Iflands, but are neither fur-rounded with a low border, nor enclofed by reefs. The eafternmoft iflands of the duller feem to have been firfl difcovered by Roggewein and Bauman in 172a. Another, of fuperior magnitude, was added by Bougainville in 1768 j and the two weflernmofl iflands, which are the mofl confiderable, were difcovered by Peroufe in 1787- Each of the latter is more than forty miles in length. All thefe were vifited by Captain Edwards in 1791. Péroufe was informed of three more to the fouthward, named Shëka, Oflamo, and Ooera, which he could not fall in with. The native names affigned to the principal iflands by the two navigators, Peroufe and Edwards, totally differ in every infiance. Pola and Otewhei are thofe which they refpeClively give to the moft weftern ifland of the group; Oyoläv a and Oh a-

TOO A to the next confiderable iflandj Ma-öona and Otutuela, to that which Bougainville difcovered; Opoon and Toomanua,' to the eafternmofl; ifland. The name of Tootooëla, which is affigned hy the people of Tongataboo to one of the larger iflands known to them, agrees with the information received by Captain Edwards. It is notwithftanding difficult to conceive, how Peroufe miftook the name of the very ifland, where the affaffination of the French navigators, already mentioned, was perpetrated in December 1787. Some remains of their clothing were feen there by the Pandora’s people in July 1791. At Otëwhei the latter met with a perfon related to Fenou, commander in chief of the Friendly Iflands. He had lately had a finger cut off on account of the illnefs which iffued in the death of that chief. This circumftance demonftrates that fome intercourfe fubfills between thefe, two groups. The inhabitants of both have the fame language, and the fame general cuftoms, that are common to all the eaftern iflands of this ocean. The natives of the Navigators’ Iflands greatly exceed the Friendly iflanders in llature and llrength, and are marked by a ferocity of afpeól and manners unknown at Tongataboo. In fomc particular cuftoms they appear alfo to difièr confiderably. It is improbable that they fliould be fubjeól to Tongataboo; but the acquaintance they have with its inhabitants may fender this important group acceffible with fafety to our brethren, in company with fome of the Friendly Ifland chiefs, by whom they are already highly efteemed.

THIS group is known to extend from 8i° to loi’ of latitude, and from 138I0 to 14010 of weft longitude. The inhabited iflands, which have been difcovered in it, are eight in number. They refemble the Navigators’ Iflands in their afpedt and their coafts. In moft, if not in all of them, there are bays or coves which afford harbour for fliipping J ‘but accefs to them is often made difficult by fudden fquallg 1

of wind which break over the mountains and precipices. The natives exceed, in general beauty, thofe of the groups already defcribed; efpecially the females, who are not disfigured by pundures, although the men are almoft entirely covered with thofe marks. The women appear to be in greater and more general fubjedion at the Marquefas than elfe where. Both fexes are inferior in perfonal cleanlinefs to the natives of Otaheite and Tongataboo, having lefs convenience for bathing. They ufe lefs clothing j and the chiefs are lefs diftin-guifhed from their fubjeds, except by the profufion of ornaments with which they are fometimes covered. The foil of thefe iflands, for the greater part, is not fo fertile as in any of the preceding groups ; but the inhabitants are, probably in confequence of this deficiency, more adive and vigorous than thofe of Otaheite. The bread-fruit attains here to the higheft perfcdion; but when it is out of feafon the want of it is feverely felt, at leaft at Ohittahoo, where articles of food to be fubflituted for it are fcarce. The Marquefans refemble the Friendly iflanders in paying a greater deference to age than the Otaheiteans, and in being exempt from the pradice of infant murders, and other evils produced by the arreoe fociety.

Ohittahoo, which was feleded out of the group to be a mif-fionary Ration becaufe it was beft known to Europeans, is much inferior in extent to fome of the neighbouring iflands, being only nine miles long, from north to fouth, and about feven leagues in circuit. A narrow ridge of lofty hills runs through its whole length, and is joined by other ridges, which gradually rife from the cliffs upon the coafts. They are divided by deep, narrow, and fertile valleys, adorned with trees, and watered by brooks and cafcades. On the weftern fide are feveral coves. That in which Europeans have ufually anchored, is fituated under the higheft land in the country, in latitude 9” SS' 30^^ 139° 8' 40quot;quot; weft longitude. It bears fouth 15’ eaft from the weft end of a larger adjacent ifland, called Oheyahöa. The points that form the harbour (of which that to the fouthward is the higheft) are about a mile afunder, and their diftance from the head of the harbour not much lefs. The depth of water is from thirty-

four to twelve fathoms, and the bottom clean fand. Two fandy coves within the bay are feparated by a rocky point ; and each has a rivulet and habitations in it. That on the northern beach bears the fame name with the ifland; the other, which is nearly concealed among the trees, is called Innamei.

Alvaro Mendana de Neyra difcovered this ifland and the three which lie neareft to it, in July 1595. He named them Las Marquesas de Mendoça, in honour of Mendoça, Marquis of Canete, then viceroy of Peru, who had difpatched Mendana from thence, with four fhips, for the purpofe of occupying the iflands of Solomon, which had been'difcovered by the fame navigator twenty-eight years before. Being very uncertain of the diftance of thofe iflands from Peru, he was proceeding in their latitude to fearch for them, when he difcovered the fouthernmoft ifland of the Marquefas. On the 25th July he fent a boat to examine Ohittahoo, which he called Santa Chriftina, and having found the harbour already defcribed, he named it Port Madre de Dios. Manriquez, who commanded the boat, landed, and marched with twenty foldiers, by beat of drum, round the northern village ; but the inhabitants did not flir from their houfes till the party halted, and called to them ; when about three hundred men and women peaceably advanced. At the requeft of the Spaniards they brought feveral kinds of fruit, and fome water contained in cocoa-nut fhells. The women, upon invitation, fat down among the foldiers ; but the men were ordered to keep at a diftance, and to fetch more water in fome jars which had been brought in the boat. They feemcd dif-pofed to keep the jars ; upon which Manriquez brutally fired among ft them, and broke off their communication for that time. On the 28th, Mendana brought his fquadron to anchor in the harbour j and mafs being performed on fliore, the natives filently attended to the ceremony. After taking formal pofteffion of the country in the name of the King of Spain, he endeavoured to eftablifh a friendly inter-courfe with the people, and fowed Indian corn in their prefence. When he returned on board, he left the command of the party on

(höre to Manriquez, and a quarrel again foon took place ; one of the foldiers was wounded by a fpear, and many of the natives were killed by the fire-arms, with which they were purfued while retreating with their women and children to the woods. From thence they ' vainly attempted to annoy the invaders with lances and ftones, and after fome days they made overtures of fubmifiion, and brought prefents of fruit to the guards which had been placed at the principal avenues. A familiar intercourfe being renewed, fome of the iflanders and Spaniards formed particular friendfliips ; and a man who became intimate with Mendana’s chaplain, went on board with him, dif-covered great docility, and feemed diftreffed when they departed. Having refitted one of his veffels, and creded fome crofles on the (hore, Mendana failed 5th July ; but terminated his voyage without âccomplifhing its objed, and died at an ifland which he difeovered 55° to the weftward of Ohittahoo.

It does not appear that the Marquefas were again vifited by Europeans till 1774» when Captain Cook went in fearch of thefe iflands^ in order to afeertain their longitude. After meeting with fome danger, in attempting to turn into the harbour of Madre de Dios, he anchored there 6th April. Several canoes had followed the fliip as Ihe paired the fmall harbours on the fame coaft to the northward, and others came off from Ihore as foon as Ihe was anchored. A heap of ftones was provided in each canoe j but the iflanders finding their vifitors peaceable, bartered with them in an amicable manner. This, intercourfe was renewed more abundantly the following day, but they betrayed the fame propenfity to theft which every where prevails in the Pacific Ocean ; and one of them having feized and got off with an iron ftanchion, was haftily Ihot through the head by an officer on board the Refolution. Hete-hete, who was then in the Ihip, Ihed tears at feeing this alt;ft of barbarity ; and Captain Cook took much pains to reftore the familiarity which had been interrupted by it. The iflanders affembled on Ihore, armed with fpears and clubs, and drew up under fome rocks on the north fide of the harbour.

Cook went to meet them with a party under arms ; and Hete-hete having explained to them the withes of the Englifh, the natives appeared fatisfied, and conduced them to a brook, where water was obtained for the Ihip^ A brifle trade for vegetables was carried on, and fome hogs were purchafed. The prefence of Cook was, however, found neccHary to preferve the confidence of the natives, who aded precifely as if the condud of the Spaniards, almoft two centuries before, had been frefh in their remembrance. The women had been removed from this harbour, but feveral were met with at one to the fouthward of it, who difeovered no reludance to the licentious familiarities of the failors. Hete-hete was foon able to con-verfe fluently with the natives, whofe dialed differs from that of Otaheite chiefly in not admitting the found of r, and in having, like the Friendly iflanders, the hard confonants unknown at the other group. They paid great attention to the information which he gave them of cuftoms in which his countrymen differed from them, and efpecially of the mode of producing fire by the fridion of dry wood.

A chief, named Hônoo, and diftinguilhed by the title of Heka-ae, came with many attendants to the landing-place, and exchanged pre-fents with Captain Cook ; but could not be perfuaded to accompany him on board. He was decorated with a great variety of ornaments, and wore a cloak, while the reft of the men had only the maro round their loins. His looks and manner indicated much good-nature and intelligence. The fupplies of provifions feemed to increafe in confequence of his vifit, and no farther conteft occurred j fome thefts, which were committed, being fuffered by Captain Cook to pafs unnoticed, as his ftay was defigned to be fhort. He failed on the 11 th April.

A French navigator, named Le Marchand, vifited the Marquefas about the year 1789. Several veffels, chiefly American, engagedin the fur trade, have alfo fince touched here for provifions ; and the commander of one of them, named Roberts, built a fmall veflel at Port Madre de Dios, with which he proceeded to the north-weft

coaft of America. It is reported that the people of Ohittahoo had perfevered in the prudent meafure of keeping their women at a diftance from European vifitors ; and that, at this feafon, a conteft was excited on the account, in which the refpeélable chief, Hönoo, was killed by his brutal guefts. This circumftance, which there is but too much reafon to believe, may account for the very different condudt obferved relative to the females of Ohittahoo, in fubfequent vifits at this place.

The Dædalus florefhip touched at this ifland on her way from England to join Captain Vancouver, and anchored in Port Madre de Dios, 22d March 1792, in twenty-four fathom. Not being fuffi-ciently fheltered from the land wind, her cable parted early the next morning ; and while driving out of the bay, the fhip was found to be on fire. In extinguifhing it, many pieces of rotten bedding were thrown overboard, and the natives crowded round the fliip to pick them up^ When the Dædalus regained her flation, and had been anchored clofer in fliore, it was obferved that the buoy of the anchor from which they had been driven, had been purloined ; but a piece of wood having been left by the natives in its ftead, tied to the buoyrope, direded them to recover the anchor. Lieutenant Hergeft, who failed as agent in the Dædalus, went in the afternoon to' the place for obtaining frefh water, which was at the diftance of a mile from the fhip J and finding the furf violent, he landed with only four men, in order to fill two water-cafks. The buckets ufed for this purpofe were foon ftolen by the iflanders, who crowded round, without any perfon of authority to reftrain them. They even fnatched Mr. Hergeft’s fowling-piece out of his hand ; and there being but one mufket left among the party, it was judged better to make good their retreat with this, than to employ it vindidively. On retiring to the long-boat, they found that fome of the natives had, by diving, cut away the grapnel, with which it had been fecured. When they regained the boat, they rowed clofe to the fliore, and fired a volley £gt;f mufketoons and fmall arms over the heads of the crowd. AU

immediately fled to the woods, except one man, who flood his ground, and threw flones at the boat’s crew. This bravado was fuf-fered to pafs unpunilhed, but four cannon Ihot were fired from the fhip over the- fouthern village, which was not above a quarter of a mile diflant. This happily produced no worfe eflèéh than to terrify the natives, who fled in every direction to the mountains ; and about fun-fet one of them fwam off with a green bough wrapped in white cloth, which he threw into the fliip. Having thus difeharged his embafly of peace, he immediately returned on fhore. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

The next day, Mr. Hergeft repairing to the watering-place withan armed party,, was cheerfully aflifted by the ' iflanders to fill and roll the calks, .with which they alfo fwam to the boats, and were fuitably rewarded for their labour.- They could not flill be reftrained from pilfering'on board, and a theodolite belonging to Mr. Gooch, an aflronomer, was carried off, but feafonably recovered.

A chief named Too-öu, who had vifited the Ihip when Ihe firfl anchored, returned on the 24th with a prefent of provifions ; and two others, fome days afterward, brought the grapnel which had been cut from the boat. They promifed alfo to procure the fowling-piece, but came on board, when the fhip was ready to fail, without fulfilling their engagement. Mr. Hergefl having well rewarded them for their former, trouble, and being confident that they could have recovered his gun, informed one of them that he fhould carry him away if it was not fpeedily reflored ; and accordingly placed a eentinel over him in the cabin. The refl of the natives fled in alarm ; but the fowling-piece was obtained in half an hour. The prifoner was then liberated,'greatly to his joy; and prefents ’were.made.to him, .and to another principal perfon who had brought the gun on board.

The crowd of iflanders having incommoded the fliip’s company in their bufinefs, the colours were hoifled, to fignify that they muff not come on board... The men fubmitted to this prohibition ; but many of the women perfifled in fwimming to the fhip, till mufkets

were repeatedly fired over their heads, to deter them. Thefts were frequent and daring, and the chiefs feemed to want either authority or inclination to reprefs them. , One man, who had made off from the fliip with a bucket, was fhot unintentionally through the calf of his leg, but no other damage was occafioned.

A good fupply of vegetables was obtained ; but few hogs could be purchafed, and thofe at a rate unufually dear in the South-Sea iflands. The harbour was accurately furveyed before the Ihip failed, but the Iketch given by Captain Cook was found to be fuffi-ciently correól.

The Prince William Henry left Otaheite on the 39th March, the fame day that the Dædalus failed from Ohittahoo. She made a direól north-eaft pafiage to this ifland, which is therefore demon-ftrated to be praticable, although not known to have been performed by any other vefiTel. Her flay was very t ran fient, and her voyage from Britain to the Sandwich iflands was fo rapid as to be accom-pliflied in four months.

Captain Brown, in the Butterworth, accompanied by two fmaller private veflels, anchored in Port Madre de Dios ift June 1792, and Raid only two days, to take in frelh-water.

The degree in which the manners of the people at Ohittahoo had been corrupted, fubfequent to Cook’s voyage, was not known when the Duff left England; and the difappointment, occafioned by this change, appears to have produced the only inftance that occurred among our miflionaries, of Ihrinking from the work in which they were engaged. If the folitary condition of a very promifing young man, who had the fortitude to remain fingly on his poft, fliould tend to delay the progrefs of the gofpel at the Marquefas, it is hoped that this deficiency will foon be amply fupplied. Obftacles, that are to be apprehended from long-eftablilhed cuftoms in the other groups, are here apparently not liable to.oppofe the truth; and we truft that a foundation has already been laid, on which others -may build with great advantage.

To the northward of this ifland, and feparatcd by a channel hardly above a league in breadth, is Ohevahöa, which extends fix leagues north-eaftward, and has a circuit of fifteen or fixteen leagues. It is more fieep and craggy, efpecially toward the eaftern point, than Ohittahooj but its deep valleys, and the fides of the hills, are, like thofe of the former ifland, clothed with trees and verdure. Mendana, who difeovered it on the Lord’s day, named it on that account La Dominica. He failed along the fouthern coaft, as Cook did afterward, without difcovering any harbour. This deficiency has prevented any farther knowledge of the interior country. It appeared in a much more advantageous light to the former navigator than it did to the latter. The natives have always attended at Port Madre de Dios,, when European vcflcls have lain there; and they refemblc the inhabitants of that place, with whom they maintain friendly intercourfe,

Onateya, which was named San Pedro by Mendana, lies about’ five leagues eaftward of Ohittahoo, and as much to the fouth of Ohevahoa. It is about three leagues in circuit, moderately high, and pretty level; with extenfive woods, and pleafant plains.

The moft fouthern ifland of the group, ten leagues diftant from Onateya, was the firft that Mendana difeovered ; and he named it Là Magdelana, in allufion to the Romilh feftival on which he fell in with it, July 21, 1595. He coafted the fouthern ihore the following day, and four hundred of the natives came off, fome in canoes, fome floating and fwimming, to the fhips. They offered cocoa-nuts, and other fruits, to the Spaniards, and invited them to land. Forty of the iflanders, with little perfuafion, went on board Mendana’s veffel, and were prefented with clothing ; but they atternpted to fteal almofl every thing they faw, which foon produced a conteft. One of the Spaniards was wounded by them with a ftone, and they fuffered fe-verely from the fire-arms. The fquadron continuing under fail, they fent after it a canoe, with fymbols of peace and friendfhip. This ifland was judged to be fix leagues in circuit, and appeared populous

and fertile. Captain Cook, who faw it after leaving Ohittahoo, reckoned it to be nearly in latitude lO“ 25'', 138° 50' weft longitude. Captain Brown, in the Butterworth, 27th May 17-92, difcovered a rock refembling a fliip, north-eaftward from the fouth-eaft point of this ifland, at the diftance of five leagues. He did not anchor, but laid to off the fouthern coaft till the 31ft, and procured cocoa-nuts, plantains, and bread-fruit, for nails, from the canoes which came alongfide, and by his boats from the inhabitants on Ihore. One of his people fpent a night upon the ifland, and fwam off the next morning. The natives arc underftood to call this ifland Ohittatöa.

The only addition to the difcoveries of Mendana, which was made by Captain Cook’s vifit to the Marquefas, is an ifland called by the inhabitants Teböoa, and by Cook, Hood’s ifland. It is fituated in the latitude of 9° 26', arid at the diftance of five leagues from the eafternmoft point of Ohevahoa, nearly in the direólion of N. N.W. It has a bluff appearance, and is of inferior extent to moft others of the group.

The fhips, which, at a later period, have proceeded to the northward, after taking refrefhments at Ohittahoo, have made much more important difcoveries in this chifter. It is faid that Captain Le Marchand, in 1789, was the firft who faw feveral iflands at no great diftance to the north-weft of thofe which had fo long before been difcovered. An American named Ingraham next obferved them, and fuppofed them to have been till then unknown, but did not land upon them. The only information refpeóling thefe iflands, that has hitherto been publiflied, was obtained during the voyage of the Dædalus ftorefhip, in which they were particularly explored. The pofitions of thç newly-difcovered iflands having been very incorrectly laid down by our countrymen who preceded Captain Wilfon, we refer to his account and chart for their fituations, forms, and extent ; limiting our prefent notice to the circumftances which appear in the vifits that were previoufly made to thefe iflands.

I revennen’s ifland by Lieutenant Hergeft, who examined it 31ft March 1792. In its centre are two rocky eminences of vaft height, and of fingular figure, with feveral fmaller peaks adjacent. Near the fouth-eaftern point of the coaft is a rock refembling a church with a fpire. Several fmall bays are formed in the fouthern fide, the beft of which is terminated by the fouth-weftern point of the ifland. It was named Friendly bay, from the condudt of the inhabitants, of wfiom more than a hundred peaceably furrounded the fhip with their canoes, and bartered fruits for beads and other trifles. They feemed to be very numerous on fhore, and the eaftern and fouthern fides of the ifland to be very fertile. Thé natives exadly refembled in appearance thofe of the preceding ifles.

Due north from thence, and eight leagues diftant, is Nooaheva, called by Mr. Hergeft, Sir Henry Martin’s ifland, which is the moft confiderable of the whole group, both for extent and fertility. The fouth-eaftern cape, which he named Point Martin, forms, with the coaft to the weft ward of it, a deep bay, well flieltered, and bordered by fandy beaches. At the head of the bay was obferved, either a deep cove, or the mouth of a confiderable ftream. Two leagues farther weftward is a fine harbour, with a fandy bottom, fhoaling from twenty-four fathoms to feven, within a quarter of a mile of the fhore. A ftream of excellent water runs into it, and it is well flieltered from all winds. A beautiful plain extends for a mile and a half from the beach. The country is populous, and well cultivated. The people appeared to be lighter than thofe of Ohittahoo, and varied confiderably from them in other refpeéls. More than one thoufand five hundred were aflembled on the fliores of this harbour, which was named Port Anna Maria. They received fome people who landed from the Dædalus very hofpitably, and fent off all kinds of provifions to the fhip. The weftern fide of the ifland was lefs populous. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;■

Captain Brown, in the Butterworth, landed at 1 Nooaheva 3d June 1792, about two months after the Dædalus had beea there;

and exaiïiinéd the north-weftern part of the ifland, upon which fide likewife very good harbours were found. The natives alfo behaved friendly and refpeólfully, but being ftrangers to white people, they were earneft to fee whether their fkin was of the fame colour under their clothing as in their faces. Some peculiar ceremonies feem to prevail here : a woman, who, at the requeft of one of the Englilh, brought him fome frelh water to drink, would not deliver it to him till fhe had pronounced a long oration.

Early in February 1793, the Dædalus revifited this ifland on her way from the north-weft coaft of America to New South Wales, and anchored in Port Anna Maria. A friendly intercourfe was renewed, but it was fuddenly broken off by a quarrel between one of the failors and an iflander Who had come on board. The latter having ftruck the Englifhman, was fhot by him after having leaped overboard. Upon this, a great number of war canoes were alTembled, and the ftiip was attacked with ftones. Lieutenant Hanfon, who had fucceeded Mr. Hergeft in the Dædalus, was obliged to quit the harbour, after remaining there two nights, and proceeded to obtain needful refrefhments at Otaheite.

Eaftward from Nooaheva, at the diftance of fix or feven leagues, is R00AHÖ0GA, which was called by Lieutenant Hergeft Riou’s ifland. It is high and craggy, efpecially at the weft end, but appears more fertile than the fouthern iflands of the group. At this end is a fhelf of rocks, extending about a quarter of a mile from the Ihore, which was named after Captain New of the Dædalus. This part of the ifland is deftitute of any harbour for {hipping, but on the fouthern.coaft there are appearances of convenient anchorage in two bays. Above one hundred natives alTembled in canoes round the Dædalus upon her firft approach to the coaft, and bartered their pro., vifions in a very friendly manner.

It is probable that this group extends farther, both to the northweft and fouth-eaft, than has yet been explored. Four uninhabited iflands are all that have been difcovered befide thofe already defcribed.

Of thefe, two, which are very fmall, are fituated weft by north from Nooaheva, ten or twelve leagues diftant, the other two farther off to the north-weft, in 7° 53' fouth latitude. The largeft of thefe latter is eight miles long and two broad. Upon its north-weftern fide is a bay, affording good anchorage, frelh water, and cocoa-nuts. That fide of the ifland has in general a fertile appearance, but the caftern coaft is barren. The fmaller ifland lies near the other toward the north-eaft, and fome rocky iflets are between them. Both the iflands are high, and, though not inhabited, are occafionally vifited. They were called Roberts'?, ifles, and the two fmall ones before mentioned were named after Lieutenant Hergeß.

Mendana underftood from the natives of Ohittahoo, that they fometimes vifited, in a hoftile manner, a country toward the fouth, the inhabitants of which were black, and ufed bows and arrows in battle. From Captain Wilfon’s particular inquiry on this fubjedl, it appears, that if they had at that time any knowledge of fuch a people, it has fince been wholly loft. It is more probable that the Spaniards mifapprehended what was faid j as that nation of the South-Sea iflanders which correfponds to this defcription, is not known to extend farther eaftward than Feje, which is two thoufand four hundred miles from the Marquefas.

THE account that has been given of the numerous iflands connected with thofe already occupied as miflionary ftations, fuffices to illuftrate the extent to which, under the bleffing of our Lord, the gofpel may probably be diffufed, from the three central places to which it has been introduced. Were it poffible here to infert fimilar accounts of all the countries which are fituated between thefe groups and the coafts of Afia and New South Wales, the apparent importance of our efforts would be enhanced beyond what can be conceived from the fpecimen that is now furniflied. It muft not, ho wever, be omitted, z-

•that people of the fame race with the natives of the groups we have - defcribed, are difperfed over the Ladrone and Caroline iHands, which lie north of the equator, and extend from* the 130th to the 175th degree of eaft longitude ; and they have reached from the latter group, or from fome intermediate places not yet difeovered, to the Sandwich iflands, which are fituated between 155“ and 160° weft longitude, and iq® and 22° north latitude. Crofting the equator, probably from the more eaftem of the Caroline iflands, they have fpread over the cl Lifters of which we have given an account, and from the Friendly Iflands have reached the large country of New Zealand, between 34° and 48° fouth latitude, and 166°and 180° eaft longitude; while from Otaheite,^ or fome of the iflands fouth-eaft of it, they ’have made a furprifin'g ftretch to the folitary fpot called Raßer Ißand, 'in 27° fouth latitude, and 110° weft longitude. The language and cuftoms of this widely fcattered nation have been traced to the coafts of the great Afiatic iflands, Luzon and Borneo, and from thence to the peninfula of Malacca, the Aurea Cherfonefus, beyond which the geographical knowledge of the ancients can hardly be faid to have extended. The aftonifhing migrations of this race feem to have originated, like thofe of the northern Europeans, from defigns of conqueft. Thefe they carried into effedl on the coafts of the grand Afiatic archipelago, driving the black natives of thofe very extenfive iflands to the interior mountains, which they ftill occupy as a diftindl and independent people. But the migrations of the fairer race from the Philippine iflands to the Carolines, and farther eaftward, have almoft to a certainty been occafioned by ftrefs of weather, which drove their canoes from ifland to ifland, and from one group to another, that had not before been peopled. Frequent incidents of this nature have been afeertained, and fome of them have been'fpecified in our account of the iflands conneded with Otaheite. The population of iflands fo widely fcattered, cannot, for the greater part, be other-wife explained, either upon the ground of eftablilhed fad, or «pon that of probable conjedurc.

The original inhabitants of the great Afiatic iflands feem, like wife, before they were driven back from their coafts, to have made very confiderable emigrations, although not to diftances fo remote as thofe ' to which their fupplanters have been difperfed. • The darker race has fpread over the vaft countries of New Holland and New Guinea^ with 'the adjacent iflands of New Britain^ New Ireland, and Louifiade, as well as thofe of Solomon, Santa Cru% *, New Caledonia, the chief part of the New Hebrides, and the group called Fejê. Like the natives of Africa, whom in perfon they generally refemble, they are divided into numerous tribes, and are diftinguiflied by various languages ; yet there is a ftriking famenefs in the cuftoms even of thofe moft remotely feparated j and they all differ effentially from the nation that occupies the numerous fmaller iflands of this ocean. The former are ufually more favage, and of inferior flature;

' but fome of their tribes may, inthefe refpeds, be compared, or even preferred, to the leaft civilized colonies of their rivals. A New Zealander can boaft little or no advantage over his neighbour of New Caledonia ; and a Sandwich iflander mull apparently yield the palm to an inhabitant of Fejê. The fuperior hofpitality of the Otaheiteans, the Friendly iflanders, and the Marquefans, invited our endeavours to promote their beft interefts j and our eleólion of that nation, and of thofe groups, has, through the blefling of God, been juftified by the trial which we have been enabled to make.

All the iflands of this ocean prefented frefh ground for miflionary labour, excepting the Philippines, the Ladrones, and a few of the Carolines, to which the Spaniards had gained prior accefs ; ‘^apan, once filled with converts to popery, but now without the fhadow of chriftianity ; and the northern Kurile iflands, which are ftatedly

* The groups named by Mendana the Ifles of Solomon and Santa Cruz, are the fame that, in pages 297, 298, of the following narrative, are called Egmont Ifland, amp;c. and New Georgia ; thofe names having been given to them by Captain Carteret and Lieutenant Shortland, who imagined that they were new difeoveries.

vifited by a Ruffian clergyman from Kamtfchatka. That peninfula contains the only glimmering ray of chriftianity that enlightens the Afiatic coafi of the Pacific Ocean, with the foie exception of the Roman Catholics fecreted in the Chinefe empire. The coaft of North America, from Behring’s flraits to California, is involved in more than Egyptian darknefs. Upon the laft-mentioned peninfula Spain has feveral miffionary Rations, where benevolent and laborious efforts are made, at leaft to civilize the miferable inhabitants. From thence to the ifland of Chiloe, in South America, it is to be feared that the Spanifh conquefts have led the natives rather to deteft the name of chriftianity than to comprehend its nature. Crofting this immenfe ocean to New South Wales, at a diftance of 1degrees of longitude, we find the gofpel preached with purity and zeal to a herd of our own countrymen, whofe vices reduce them below the moft abjedl clafs of the heathen world around. May the dodrine of the crofs triumph there over the unparalleled obftacles it has to furmount ; and may it advance from Ihore to fhore, till it covers the hemifphere ■that is waffied by the Pacific Ocean ! Let him who reads fay, “Amen, Lord Jefus ! Thy kingdom come! Thy will be done ** in earth, as it is in heaven!”

P. S. On the general chart that defcribes Captain Wilfon’s track, thofe countries of the Pacific Ocean, which lie within, or fouthward of the tropics, are comprehended under'the general name of Australia, after the example of foreign geographers. As they appear to be divided between two diftinól races of Inhabitants, one of which almofl: wholly pofTefles the more cxtenfive countries fituated in the fouth-weftern part of the ocean, thefe are diftinguifhed from the reft by the title of the Greater Auftralia : the numerous fmall iflands inhabited by the fairer race being included under that of Lefer Auftralia. To the whole group, of which a part was difeovered by Cook, and called by him the Friendly Ifles, the title of United Archipelago is affigned upon the chart. The propriety of thefe innovations is fubmitted to the judgment of fuch among our readers as are accuftomed to geographical refearches.

The confiant proted ion with which it has pleafed the Divine Being to favour the concerns of the Miffionary Society, renders it incumbent on us, before we enter on the immediate fubjedl of our addrefs to you, to make a humble and undiflembled acknowledgment of the gratitude which is due to Him, and to recognife with thankfulnefs the frequent and manifeft interpofitions of his hand in favour of this inftitution.

Among many other occurrences which have appeared to us of a nature peculiarly providential, and which we have confidered as the proofs of the condefeending care with which it has pleafed the great Head of the church to regard this undertaking, there has been none that excited more thankfulnefs to his name, or occafioned more univerfal fatisfadion among ourfelves, than the circumftance of your having been inclined to confecrate yourfelf to the fervice of God on this interefting occafion. We trufl that the fame Being, from whom the difpofition has proceeded, will impart the grace which is requifite to accomplifli the arduous fervice, and infpire the wifdom w’hich is needful for the execution of its important duties.

Conneóled with us in the direction of the affairs of the Society, you are fully apprifed of the nature and defign of the expedition you have undertaken to conduót.

You are aware, that it is not only in its nature fingular, and aimoil without a precedent, but that it is alfo one of the moll honourable and moft important fervices which can be confided to a human being. The attention of the Chrillian world is very generally excited to the objed, and devout intercefiions are continually afcending like incenfe to heaven for its fuccefs. Should it be favoured with the blelfing of God, it may be the dired means of imparting divine light and eternal life to great multitudes of immortal beings, and may form an æra of dillinguilhed importance in the hiftory of human redemption. In this view of the interelling nature of the bufi-nefs we are engaged in, it is with peculiar fatisfaélion and fin-cere affèólion, that we, the Direélors of the inftitution, not only invert you with the command of the Ihip, and with full and complete authority for the management of its concerns in relation to the voyage j but alfo commit to your care and fuperintendenee, during the fame period, the more important charge of the milTion itfelf, and efpecially of thofe faithful brethren who accompany you therein. Pear to our Saviour, in whofe name they go forth, thefe aportolic men will have artrong intereft in your affèólions alfo. Having forfaken their friends and their country for the love of Chrift, and with the defire of fpreading the honours of his name among the heathen, they will feek in your kind attention an equivalent for the endearing connexions they have relinquilhedi and you will be defirous of extending towards them the wife fuperintendenee of a parent, and the affedlionate fympathy of a brother. You will cheer the fpirit that is liable to-droop under the preflure of its anxieties, or adminifter the word of admonition to the difciple that is in danger of erring. You will be among them the centre of union, to reconcile their divifions, and confirm their lovej the univerfal friend, in whofe bofom they will depofit their diverfified cares.

As fit is needful that you fhould be furniflied with inftruâions,. both with refpedl to the voyage itfelf, and alfo with relation to the eftablifliment of the milfion, it is our duty to defire, that after having

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON, xci received your cargo on board an invoice whereof you will be fur-nifhed with, and alfo the miffionaries who are to accompany you whofe names and occupations you will have an account of, you will pleafe to proceed with all pofhble difpatch to Portfmouth, in order to join the Eafh India convoy now lying there, to which you are to attach yourfelf, and to ufe every exertion in your power to keep company with it, as far as its courfe and yours are defigned to coincide.

In cafe the convoy Ihould flop at Tenerilfe, you will procure fotir pipes of the beft wine in hogfheads, for which you will apply to the houfe of Meff. Paifley and Little, and reimburfe them for the amount by your draft on the treafurer to the inftitutiom You will endeavour to procure from thence two or three bunches of dried grapes of the beft kind, in order that the feeds may be planted when you arrive at the place of your deftinationj alfo a few pecks, or even quarts, of the beft feed wheat, together with the feeds of fuch tropical fruits as you may think it would be advantageous to take with you. You will alfo endeavour to procure one ram fheep and two ewes, to be preferved for the purpofe of breeding ; alfo a male and female afs, for the fame purpofe. You will alfo at this place probably have an opportunity of giving your Ihip’s company and the paflengers feveral meals of frefli meat and vegetables ; which, as it will promote their health and comfort, we are well perfuaded will not efcape your attention. On taking your departure from Teneriffe, we wifh you to confider the port of Rio de Janeiro on the coaft of Brazil as your next objeét. At that place you will be able to lay in a ftock of fugar very cheap, for the ufe of the fhip’s company and miffionaries on the voyage, as well as for the latter after they , are put on ftiorc;; as alfo tobacco, chocolate, cochineal-plant, and many other vegetable produdtions ufeful for confumption and cultivation at the fettlement. Here you will alfo embrace the opportunity to procure a fupply of frefh meat, and other defirable articles, for the refrelhment of the fhip’s company, at a reafonable rate.

From this port we wilh you to proceed by the way of Cape Horn to the ifland of Otaheite, there to put in execution the directions which will be hereafter fuggefted, fo far as they may appear to you eligible on your arrival. In the mean time, we think it material to provide againft the probability of your meeting with a foul wind in your attempt to double Cape Horn; in which cafe, after having made the firft attempt as clofe in with the land as you think confiftent with the fafety of the Ihip, we recommend you to ftand to the fouthward to the diftance of at lead: four or five degrees ; when, if you ftill find the wind blowing ftcadily againft you, rather than lofe much time in attempting to beat againft it, we advife you to bear up and run for the Cape of Good Hope, where you will find thofe refrelh-ments which by that time you will ftand in need of.

On your arrival in the South Seas, the deftined feene of your benevolent exertions, the immediate profped: of the important fervice before you will imprefs your mind with peculiar weight, and you will be anxious to fulfil, to the utmoft of your power, the engagement you have undertaken. You will then recoiled, that the fphere of your adivity is widely extended, and includes a confiderable number of different iflands remotely fituated from each other ; you will be reminded of the refolution of the general meeting, which was thus expreffed :

“ That a mifiion be undertaken to Otaheite, the Friendly Iflands, “ the Marquefas, the Sandwich, and the Pelew Iflands, in a fhip “ belonging to the Society, to be commanded by Captain Wilfon, “ as far as may be pradicable and expedient.”

This refolution embraces a plan of great extent and importance, and proceeds from the laudable and benevolent defire of introducing the knowledge of Chrift into as many different iflands as poffible ; you will therefore confider this refolution as the rule of your con-dud, and keep it in your remembrance in all your proceedings. It is not to be departed from, without folid and important reafons ; for, as the gofpel of Chrift is a bleffing beyond the power of calculation

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON. xciii to eftimate, the defirablenefs of fending it to as many iflands as poffible is in proportion to its ineftimable value. We do not mean, however, to encourage you to adopt a fyftem of miffionary enterprife beyond the boundaries of difcretion ; we do not urge you to depart from the principles of prudence and caution, which fo important an occafion requires ; nor by attempting to introduce the advantages of Chriflianity in many places, fo to divide your numbers as to weaken your efforts too much in each, and endanger your fuccefs in all. The refolution is not intended to prevent a wife and difcreet circum-fpeétion. It is indeed defirable to introduce the gofpel into feveral iflands ; but it is neceffary, if poffible, to eftablifli it in one; for if you concentrate your exertions, and gain a folid eftablifhment in one place, it may become the germ of other miffionary efforts, and be a facred leaven which may gradually fpread its beneficial influence througfi numerous and difiant iflands of the South Seas. Thus you will perceive, that although the refolution by which you are to endea.-vour to regulate your operations is of great extent, and highly defirable to be accomplifhed, yet that it is limited by the confiderations of pradicability and expedience ; and of thefe you will of neceffity be the beft qualified to judge.

The queftion refpeding the pradicability of vifiting fo many dif-tant iflands muft be decided by circumftances which it is impoffible for us to anticipate; and even to you, when in the South Seas, a miffion may appear to be pradicable, which you may neverthelefs not think it expedient to attempt. For inftance, the Pelew iflands are the laft which, in the order of your voyage, you will have occafion to vifit. The cha.-rader of the natives furnifhes a ftrong inducement to eftablifh a miffion among them, and the attempt may alfo appear to be pradicable : but would you think it expedient to take a few miffionaries from the iflands at a great diftance to windward, at an uncertainty of the reception which a miffionary plan might meet with in the former? Sup-pofe that, by a new chief having arifen with lefs favourable difpofitions.

than the father of Lee Boo, or through any other caufe, you fhould be prevented from leaving our brethren there, with perfect fatisfadlion to yourfelf and them, what would be the effedl ? You . could not admit of the wafte of time and expenditure of money which it would require to convey them to the iflands where your other miffions may have been eftabliffied, even if your return thither again ft the trade wind was pradlicable ; and you would probably have no alternative but that of bringing them with you to their native land. The fame reafoning may apply with refpeél to the Sandwich iflands. It is extremely defirable that the bleffings of the Chriftian religion fhould be extended to thofe populous regions j but the indubitable accounts which we have lately received of the aétual flate of thofe iflands, do not permit us to recommend the eflablifliment of a miffion among them at prefent. A variety of other confiderations will occur to your mind when you are to decide on what is praélicable and expedient. If you look over the inventory of the different articles which make up your cargo, fupplied by the liberality of our friends, or furniffied from the funds of the inftitution, you will probably conclude that they are much more adapted for the co-operation of a number of individuals in one or two focieties, than for a diflribution among more. When you confider the qualifications of the miffionaries, you will perhaps be inclined to think, that remaining in one or two bodies, they may form models of civilized fo-ciety, fmall indeed, but tolerably complete. There are fome among them who are adapted to be ufeful by the improved flate of their minds, and their fitnefs for taking the lead in religious fervices ; there are others who are neceffary on account of the fkilfulnefs of their hands, and their knowledge of the ufeful arts : thus there would be among them that mutual dependence and ufefulnefs which is the cement of the focial order. If you fhould feparate them into feveral parties for various miffions, it would occur to you that this order and connexion would be very much broken j and as every miffion fhould

contain within itfelf a competent fund both of divine and human knowledge, you might perhaps find it impradlicable'to arrange our milfionaries into feveral parties, and yet preferve among them thefe indifpenfable requifites. Among our brethren who accompany you, we trufi; you will find fome who poflefs a confiderable acquaintance with the doctrines of Chriftianity in their foundation and mutual dependence, and are qualified for the defence and confirmation of the gofpel ; but others of them have not perhaps a view of the fubjeót fufficiently accurate and enlarged to fit them for the office of teachers. They underftand indeed the doctrines of grace in the moft precious ‘ fenfe, by experimental convidion ; and having a general idea of them, may be very ufeful to the heathen by means of their con-verfation as well as their exemplary lives. But in every miffiony however fmall, it is efiential that there fhould be fome whofe minds have acquired a maturity in divine things, and who are fcribes well inftruded in the kingdom of heaven. This it might be difficult for you to accomplifh, on the plan of eftablifliing a number of different fettlements.

If from thefe reafons, or others which may arife in your mind when you are amidfi: the fcene of ad ion, you judge that the caufe of Chrift among the heathen will be beft promoted by the eftabliftiment of fewer miffions, we fhall receive great fatisfadion in finding that you are able to vifit more iflands, with a view to the introduction of the gofpel among them at a future period. By means of fome of the Europeans now probably refiding at Otaheite, vvho may be difpofed to accompany you, your accfcfs to the un-derftandings of the iflanders will be facilitated; you will eafily communicate to them the beneficial plan you are projecting in their favour ; and you may afcertain how far a miffion to any of them may be advifable. This mode of procedure is highly de-firable, as it may throw a confiderable light upon our future path, and affift our judgment rcfpeCting the defigns of Providence

tcrw'ard thefe iflands. It is the more to be recommended, on account of the great degree of probability there is of our revifiting them, foon after the fafe return of our veflel from her prefent expedition; as it is evident, that, with the affiftance of a freight home-ward, the navigation to thofe feas may be hereafter undertaken at little comparative expenfe, and thus opportunities be afforded of frequent intercourfe with them. Submitting thefe confiderations to your attention, we now think it neceflary to offer you a few more obfervations, derived from the beft information we can obtain, and the beft judgment we can at prefent form on the fubjedl : you will adhere to them or not, as you may find it expedient when you arrive.

It is w'ell know’ll that Otaheite is the ifland on which the general expedlation has been fixed, as the place where our firft miffion is to be attempted ; and we have no reafon to alter the opinion we at firft entertained of the eligibility of this fpot : but as our objeél is to introduce the gofpel of Chrift among the heathen, all partialities or prediledlions to particular places muft be made fubfervient to that end. We conceive you will vifit that ifland before any other, and you will doubtlefs have an early interview with the chiefs. It muft be left to your own difcretion how far you will then unfold to them the occafion of your voyage. You will alfo probably foon be vi-fited by fome Europeans, and will moft likely find means to conciliate their confidence, without committing yourfelf to them any further than you may deem prudent. All your difcrimination may be requifite to fix on thofe among them who are beft fuited to become your inftruments ; from them you will learn the prefent ftate of this ifland, and perhaps of thofe adjacent, as to produce, population, difpofition of the natives, and political relations. You will however be on your guard againft mifreprefentation, and by comparing different reports find out the truth. You will alfo guard againft treachery and furprife. You will be cautious 5vhom you admit on boarel ; efpecially you will not allow the

females, except the wives of the chiefs, and only a few at a time. Neither would it be prudent to permit too many of the Englilh, if remaining at Otaheite, to be on board»at once. You will take an early opportunity of vifiting the fmaller peninfula, as it has been reprefented by fome voyagers to be'the moft fertile, well cultivated, and abounding with cotton and fugar-cane. Let the fliip run down to the adjacent ifland of Eimeo, examine the harbours of Taloo and Avoitai, converfe with the chiefs, learn the prefent hate of that ifland, and the difpofition of the inhabitants toward a fettlement of fome of our brethren among them.

After you have afcertained to your fatisfaâion the kind of treatment which the. miflionaries are likely to experience at Otaheite, you will be more capable of judging how to improve the remainder of your voyage, than, we are at prefent. To aflift you in the di-redion of your farther attempts, we recommend to your attentive perufal the papers which have been committed to you, containing a defcription and hiftorical account of the iflands that are conneéled with Otaheite, or included in the groups called the Friendly Iflands and the Marquefas. You will compare them on the grounds of immediate advantage and future profpeéls. To this fubjeét belongs the confideration of the fafety of our women, probability of introducing our improvements, fupply of provifions, the produds of the iflands in fugar, cotton, fandal-wood, amp;'c. We are thus particular in fuggefting thefe obfervations to you, becaufe you are much better qualified than we can expeól any of the miflionaries to be, to decide on the moft eligible fpots for our fettlement ; and it is a circurr^. ftance of fo much importance as to claim your utmoft attention. You will doubtlefs on this fubjeift hold very frequent communications with the miflionaries, and efpecially with the committee, ftating to them the grounds on which you may prefer one fpot to another :. as it would be peculiarly defirable to obtain, if poflible, a perfeét unanimity of the whole body as to the place of fettlement ; and the objections of thofe who may happen to think differently from your-

felfjOr from the majority of their brethren, Ihould be attentively heard and maturely confidered. It is, however, very difficult for fo many perfons perfectly to coincide on any fubjedtj and we therefore place the power of decifion in a majority, of the committee, provided that you, the prefident, form one of that majority. As we conclude that you poffefs a fuperior judgment on this fubjedl to any of them, it appears to us to be a regulation highly conducive to their good, that no fettlement Ihould be made without your approbation. For the fake of relieving you from fome part of the refponfibility, we lodge in the fame committee, and fubjedt to the fame rule, the power of deciding whether there Ihall be more millions than one elfablifhed, and where the fubfequent ones Ihall be attempted. To this committee belongs alfo, under the fame rellridlion, the control over the articles, implements, and utenfils, which make up the cargo of the Ihip; and they, with your concurrence, are to decide,* when, where, and in what proportions, thofe articles are to be landed. In cafe, however, of feveral millions being attempted, for the fake of ftridl and impartial juftice we appoint, that two of the committee fhall be taken from thofe who remain at the firlt fettlement, and two others from thofe who are intended to be detached to any other : yourfelf, being the prefident, and perfectly difinterelled, will have the power of adminiltering juft ice toward both. It is however intended, that a quantity of articles, fuitable for prefents to the chiefs of illands which you may vifit in your way to Canton, fliould remain on board, and you muft have the power of deciding what articles, and what quantity of each, Ihall be referved for that purpofe.

To a number of ferions Chriftians, who are, on all occafions, feeking divine direâion, it will no doubt occur, that the determination of any queftion refpedling attempts to extend the gofpel is of fuch tranfeendant importance, as to require the moll folemn invocation of Him who heareth prayer, for the interpofition of his wifdom to guide you in judgment. An unanimity, or nearly fo, of the whole body, on quellions fo intcrefting, and which are to be decided after a

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN WILSON; xcix folemn feafon of devotion appointed for that fpecial occafion, would afford confidcrable fatisfadlion to our minds, as a favourable intimation of the divine fuperintendence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

In negotiating with the chiefs, you will explain to them the advantages which will arife to them from our refidence among them ; that it may be the happy elfedt of their earneft. defire; and not of our folicitation. As an inducement to us to prefer their ifland, they mull give us a full title to the land we may have occafion for, guarantee to us the fafety of our property from plunder, the enjoyment of our laws and cuftoms, and the undifturbed exercife of our religion. Inftead of exciting the jealoufy of the chiefs by any importunity on our parts to continue with them, it would be more prudent to Ihew a readinefs to leave the ifland, and fix upon fome other, that it may be underftood by them, that'our inducements to vifit them have not been to receive advantages,-'but to confer them. On this principle, as well as for other reafons, we recommend that the land fliould riot be purchafed, but required, as the condition of our remaining with them ; and that the prefents we make Ihould not be confidered as payments, but as gratuities, the expreflions and pledges of our good will. If you Ihould determine to make a fettlement at feveral iflands, you and the committee will decide what number, and which indi-viduals, fliould refide at each. If this fliould be the.occafion of dif-putes which you cannot amicably terminate, we recommend your appealing to the decifion of Divine Providertce by a folemn and religious ufe of the ancient inftitution of drawing lots.

We have now finiflied the inftrudlions which appeared to us needful to communicate with refpedl to the milfion. The changes which may have taken place in the ftate of the iflands fince the laft accounts, may make it necelfary for you to depart from the advice which we have now offered, and refort to expedients more congruous to the circumftances before you, and better fitted to fecure the great objeót.

of the India Company, and in all refpedls conform to the conditions of the charter, a copy of which you will take with you. You will in particular obferve the neceffity of your being there by the month of December, or at lateft in the month of January 1798, that you naay receive your cargo on board, and fail for Europe in the early part of the fpring. Thus we' fhall cherifli the hope of your fafc return foon after the fucceeding midfummer. In the mean time you will doubtlefs embrace whatever opportunities occur of writing to us either from Rio de Janeiro, or by the firft fhip which fails from Canton ; and let your difpatches be addreffed to Mr. Jofeph Hardcaftle, of London.

We have now only to commend you to the all-fufficient care and protection of Him who holds the winds in his fift, and the waters in the hollow of his hand. The throne of mercy will be addrefled with unceafing fupplications in behalf of your fafety, and the fuc-cefs of your embaffy. You are accompanied by the affeClionate efteem of the excellent of the earth ; and miniftring fpirits, we truft, will receive the welcome charge to convoy you in fafety to the place of your deftination. May they be glad fpeClators of the formation of a Chriftian temple in thefe heathen lands, and thus be furnifhed with the fubjeCh of a new fong to Him that ûtteth upon the throne, and to the Lamb !

fc. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;John Love, Secretary.

The di fcoverles made in the great fouthern fea by the voyages undertaken at the command of his prefent majefty, George the Third, excited wonderful attention, and brought, as it were, into light a world till then almoft unknown. Iflands, it maybe faid, innumerable, were found to cover the bofom of the Pacific Ocean in different groups ; fome of them ex ten five, and many full of inhabitants, who difcovered, by the fimilarity of their language and religion, the fame original race ; though how they became difperfed over three or four thoufand fquare miles, with no other veffel than a canoe, is truly marvellous. The preliminary account affords a clear and concife view of former voyages. This intercourfe with Europeans communicated fome advantages, but withal entailed upon them mifery and difeafes, to which before they had been utter ftrangers. The perufal of the accounts of thefe repeated voyages could not but awaken, in fuchz countries as our own, various fpeculatiorïs, according as men were differently affeéted. The merchant confidered,

if they would afford any object of commerce ; the naturalift eagerly explored the peculiar fubjeâ; of his refearches ; and the aftronomer fought a Ration, from whence he might obferve the tranfit of Venus over the fun, and deduce from thence ufeful improvement in that celeftial fcience. But when, as Mr. King obferves, thefe iflands were found to produce little which would excite the cupidity of ambition, or anfwer the fpeculations of the intercited, they were ready to be abandoned to their primitive oblivion, unlefs occafionally vifited by a draggling Ihip ; and after proving the fuperior advantages of our iron tools, and led to the total negleót of their own, their fitua-tion would have become Rill more deplorable than their original Rate. The iron we bartered with them could not be repleniflied, nor repaired by them, and muR foon become ufelefs ; they would have loR the habit of ufing and making their former tools of bone and Rone ; whiIR the ravages of the difeafes which Europeans had probably communicated, threatened to fweep them from the earth with the befom of deRrudtion. Refledtions on their unhappy fituation had dropped from the pen of the humane, and pity had often fwelled the bofbm of the compaflionate : a few felt for them, not only as men, but as ChriRians, and wiihed fome mode could be devifed of communicating to them the knowledge of that ineRimable book, compared with which all beRde is pompous ignorance, and all the treafures of the earth lighter on the balance than vanity itfelf. The objedl had lain on many a heart, and prayer had gone up on their behalf; a feeble eiFort was difappointed by the unfaithfulnefs of thofe defigned for the work.

Yet the idea was not wholly abandoned, though the profpedt of its accompliRiment was almoR defpaired of : a few of the faithful miniRers of ChriR, aflbciated on another occafion, feemed, at the fame time, to exprefs a faint wiRi that fomething could be done for the heathen. On communicating their thoughts to others of their brethren, they found a cordial difpofition to co-operate ; and the attempt at Sierra Leone, though inRituted with a particular view.

brought forth fome letters on miffions, fuggefting their pradicability, and calling to the attempt. This coincidence of a ri fin g fpirit of miffionary purfuits, though in its loweft embryo form, led to con-verfe on the fubjed, and to confider how the work might be begun ; two or three individuals offered to open a fubfeription for the pur-pofe ; and the active miniflers who direded the Evangelical Magazine refolved to hazard an advertifement of their defign, and to invite the concurrence of their brethren. From thefe fmall beginnings arofe the great increafe j and the cloud, at firft no bigger than a man’s hand, diffufed itfelf over this land, and poured down its copious fhowers of bleffings on the ifles of the fouthern ocean. A miffionary fociety was in confequence formed in England, and zealoufly feconded by our brethren in North Britain.

Their objed was fimple and noble; “ to deliver mankind from the “ greateft poffible portion of mifery which befets them, and to confer “ upon them the moft abundant meafure of felicity which our nature

is capable of enjoying.” They were confeious this could only be effeded by the gofpel of the grace of God preached among all nations, as far as their opportunities or abilities might extend. For this end their meetings became frequent, and their plans matured for execution.

After a long and ferions confideration of the fubjed, they determined to commence with the iflands of the fouthern ocean, as thefe, for a long time paft, had excited peculiar attention. Their fituation of mental ignorance and moral depravity ftrongly impreffed on our minds the obligation we lay under to endeavour to call them from darknefs into marvellous light. The miferies and difeafes which their mtercourfe with Europeans had occafioned, feemed to upbraid our negled of repairing, if poffible, thefe injuries ; but above all, we longed to fend to them the everlafting gofpel, the firft and moft dif-tinguiflied of bleffings which Jehovah has beftowed on the children of men.

We were fenfible fome could not undcrRand our motives, and others would fufpeél or mifinterpret them ; but confcious of the fimplicity and godly fincerity which prompted us to the undertaking, we perfevered undifmayed with difficulties, and, through the good hand of our God over us for good, have fucceeded beyond our moft fanguine expedlations.

The various Reps in which we have proceeded are now before the public, and fubmitted to the attention of thofe who would meditate on the wondrous maze of Providence, and contemplate the great events that fpring from means apparently the moft inconfiderable.

On notifying our intentions to the public, we met a fpirit of zeal and liberality highly encouraging ; applications manifold were poured in of candidates for the miffion, with fubfcriptions adequate to the undertaking. None but men the moft feleól for piety were to be admitted. We were defirous to obtain fome poffeffed of literary attainments, but efpecially to procure adepts in fuch ufeful arts and occupations as would make us moft acceptable to the heathen in that Rate of inferior civilization to which they were advanced. A feleét committee of miniRers, approved for evangelical principles and ability, was appointed to examine the candidates, as to their views, capacity, and knowledge in the myReries of godlinefs. Many were rejetfted, and only thofe received, who, after repeated and careful attention to the fubjeót, by inquiries into their conduót and charatfter, had the RrongeR recommendations from the minifters and congregations with whom they had been joined in communion, and of whofe intelligence and dcvotcdnefs to the work we had the fulleR evidence. Thirty men, fix women, and three children, were approved, and prefented to the directors for the commencement of the miffion.

We wi-fhed our feleélion of mariners fliould be equally choice, and laboured to procure fuch, and were not a little fuccefsful in this behalf. Captain Wilfon and the firft mate, his nephew, were per-fons in every view equal to the undertaking, and as hearty in the work as the miflionaries themfelves. Many of the failors were men of a like mind ; about half were communicants j and every man was eager to beg admittance with us, under the profeffion of wifhing to be inftrumental info blefled a fervice, and the hope that he fhould gain benefit and edification to his own foul.

During the firft fix weeks that they were detained in harbour, one of our body, who continued with them daily, and often miniftered unto them, declares he never heard the name of God blafphemed, a

paflionate word fpoken, or faw an unbecoming aólion in any one of the mariners, many of whom joined in the exercifes of prayer and praife with the moft cordial devotion, and none who were not on duty ever abfented themfelves from the ftated hours of worfhip. Surrounded as we were by king’s fhips in the harbour, and often increafed on the quarter-deck by numerous vifitants, this excited no fmall meafure of furprife and wonder at its novelty. The fongs of Zion were daily heard over the deep.—The real Chriftian in every fituation of life poffefles peculiar excellence ; his religion will never interrupt the difcharge of his duties in fociety ; none will be found fo confcientioufly diligent; divine principle will do more than the moft rigid difcipline. We appeal to fads that muft carry convidion to every candid and unprejudiced mind.

The preparations being completed, and all the dores on board, a fo-lemn defignation of the mifiionaries to their office was made, and the evening preceding the embarkation the diredors met the miffionaries, and celebrated their laft happy communion together, in the fulled confidence of ffiortly meeting again in the prefence of God and of the Lamb, and enjoying eternal fellowdiip with Jedis the mediator, and the fpirits of all jud men made perfed.

The profecution of our voyage for the accomplifhment of the benevolent and evangelical purpofes of our fociety will be found to contain a variety of events, intereding to the navigator, the naturalid, and the politician; but above all, will engage the peculiar attention of thofe who glory in the name of Chridian, and long to fee, what they fully exped, the coming of the kingdom of the Lord, and of ffis Chrid, when “ the mountain of the Lord’s houfe ffiall be eda-blifhed ^in the top of the mountains, and the nations fhall dow unto it. The cry of the univerfal church is, that “ the Lord “ would haden it in his time !”

The preparations being completed, and the miflionaries ready for embarkation, the diredlors of the fociety were very anxious for the Duff’s failing with the Eaft India convoy, which, at this time, lay at Spithead, waiting for a fair wind. They embarked in fight of many fpedators, and accompanied by relations, acquaintances, and feveral of the direótors, to whom, as refiding in London, had been committed the care of the outfit of the miffion. Auguft the loth, 1796, at fix in the morning, we weighed anchor, and hoifted our miflionary flag at the mizen top-gallant-maft head : three doves argent, on a purple field, bearing olive-branches in their bills. The morning was ferene, and a gentle breeze blew from the W. N. W. ; few veffels were ftirring on the river ; all was flill and quiet ; and it feemed a favourable feafon for pleafing contemplation to thofe whofe hearts, warmed with benevolence to their fellow men, and ardour for the extenfion of the Redeemer’s kingdom, had long earneftly defired to fee a profpeél' fo promifing as this their firft attempt now afforded. With fatisfadlion they beheld thofe, who at a future period were to aól alone in the caufe, not difpirited at leaving their native country and friends, nor with the thought of what lay before them, but, on the contrary, refigning themfelves into the hands of Him whom they firmly believed able to carry all his purpofes into efledt. The hymn, “ Jefus, at thy command—we launch into the “ deep,” amp;c. was fung by upwards of an hundred voices, producing a pleafing and folemn fenfation. The failors in the fhips we paffed heard with filent aftonifhment, and our friends, who lined the banks of the river, waved their hands, and bid us a laft adieu.

ïVuGUST.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;g

The fpirit which animated the brethren for this undertaking will be beft felt by a fhort extradt or two from their journals, all which fpcak the fame language.

One fays, “ When taking a profpedive view of the great work “ before us, my foul was conftrained to cry out. Who is fufficient ‘ ‘ for thefe things ? But I was enabled to derive comfort and en-“ couragement from the confidence, that He who holdeth the winds “ in his fift, and the waters in the hollow of his hand, can pre-“ ferve from every evil. To his providential care I was enabled to “ furrender myfelf ; determined, through his Divine aftiftance, to “ be devoted to the work of preaching the gofpel of Chrift to the “ poor benighted inhabitants of the iflands of our deftination.”

Another writes, “ I felt deeply when leaving my native country “ and dear friends, whom I loved as my life; but loving the Giver “ of life, I truft, more than all, I went with tears of joy.”

At Woolwich a vaft concourfe of people had collected on the ftiore to falute us as we pafled. The breeze frefhening, we arrived at Gravefend before noon, and employed the remainder of the day in clearing the decks, which were in a very lumbered condition, from the eagernefs of a multitude of kind individuals from the neighbouring towns, who, wiftiing to contribute to the comfort of the miflionaries, came on board, bringing various articles of refrefhment, and entreating they might be received, till every part of the fhip was crowded to a very great degree. The mifiionaries’ chefts and hammocks were alfo to be arranged and flung, to prepare for pafling the firft night of their novel fituation between the decks with as little inconvenience as poftible. The Rev. Dr. Haweis, the Rev. Mr. Wilks, and the Rev. Mr. Brooklbank, diredtors of the fociety, had come on board at Blackwall ; the two latter defigning to go down the Channel with their brethren to Portfmouth, and the former to remain with them till they fhould leave England. Captain Wilfon, Mr. Hardcaftle, and Mr. Fenn, came on board from London, and fettled with the crew for their river pay and their bounty. The articles c

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11 th. A frelh gale fpringing up from the S. E. we juftly apprehended the Eaft-India fleet would fail j but as they are often by various caufes detained, we ftill refolved to pufli on with all pofllble expedition, and after a day of great aiflivity in fettling all matters, as conveniently as the time would afford, for our proceeding to fea, at feven in the evening we weighed anchor, and turned down into the

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lower Hope. Mr. Henry Cox now took an afFeótionate leave, and left us to purfue our 'voyage. To this gentleman’s ability and unwearied diligence we mull ever acknowledge ourfelves indebted, both in forwarding our departure, by removing many great difficulties, and by his care to provide all things comfortable for thofe who had to perform fo long a voyage.

12th., At eight A.M. we weighed from the Hope Point with a frefh gale at E.S.E. In plying down we were met by fome kind friends from Sheernefs, bringing with them three fliœp, one hog, and fome fowls for fea flock. At two P. M. anchored on Leigh flat j at nine got under weigh, and at midnight came to a little below,the Nore. This day the diredors on board, the Rev. Dr. Haweis, Mr. Wilks, and Mr, Brookfbank, afl'embled the miffionaries, and direded them to eled by ballot four perfons, to conftitute a committee, agreeably to the printed inftrudions of the body of diredors. They returned, as the refult of their proceedings, the following names, viz. Rev. James Cover, John Eyre, John Jefferfon, and Thomas Lewis, who were confequently admitted to that office by the diredors.

Mr. Wilfon, as chief mate, being confidered as prefident in the abfence of Captain Wilfon, who was to join us at Portfmouth, the committee proceeded to eftablifli the following regulations, viz.

Refolved, That the Rev. John Jefferfon fhould be confidered as the miffionaries’ fecretary, and William Smith his affiflant.

Refolved, That the Rev. Thomas Lewis fliould take upon him the office ofquot; librarian, and William Smith be his affiiffant.

Refolved, That John A. Gillham, furgeon, fhould be refponfible for the medical books and inftruments; but every miffionary may equally claim to read them under the library regulations.

Refolved, That John Harris fliould take upon him the office of miffionaries’ fteward, and diflribute the provifions, as delivered to him by the fliip’s ftcw’ard, to the different mefles.

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Tea, one pound per month each mefs for the men, one pound and a quarter for the women.

13th. Wind N.E. a light breeze. At four A.M. weighed, and ran through the Five Fathom channel. Faffing through the Downs we received the unpleafant information that the fleet had failed from St. Helen’s. At one P.M. we rounded the South Foreland, and during the reft of the day had little wind.

14th. Calms and breezes from the weflward alternately, fo that we made but little way. It being fabbath-day, the Rev. Dr. Haweis preached in the morning, the Rev. Mr. Brookfbank in the afternoon, and the Rev. Mr. Wilks in the evening, on the quarter-deck.

15th. Calm until fix in the evening, when a breeze Iprung up at N.E. Beachy Head bearing N.W.by W. About nine P.M. one of his Majefty’s floops of war hailed and informed us that a French lugger was cruifing fomewhere near; bid us keep a good lookout, and hoift a light if we difeovered her, whilft they ran in nearer the ffiore. Happily we efcaped all attack of the enemy.

' 16th. At eight A.M. anchored at Spithead. The Eaft-India fleet had failed five days before our arrival. In paffing St. Helen’s afquadron under the command of Admiral Gardner was juft putting to fea, and in company with them we probably might have gone fafe from the enemy ; but in a matter fo important we could not haftily form the refolution : for, uncertain how far they would go in our track, if obliged to feparate from them too foon we ffiould run the rifk of being captured ; and not to hazard fo favourable a beginning, 'was thought a fufficient reafon for us to wait a better opportunity of convoy.

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At Spitliead we were vifited immediately by the Rev. Mr. Griffin, of Portfea, and other friends of the miffion, who fh«wed us all the moft fraternal affedtion, and furniflied us during our flay with the moft generous fupplies. The Rev. Mr. Eyre, of Homerton, and others from town, came alfo on board. Captain Wilfon arrived and took the command.

17th. Mrs. Hudden being affiedled. by the fea, as moft of us had been at firft, fell into fuch a dejedtion of mind as engaged us to fend her on fhore at her requeft : her hufband went with her, though reludlantly ; a man of a meek and quiet fpirit, and might have been a ufeful member of our community gt;nbsp;but the diredlors thought it by no means right to feparate man and wife.

Our anxious inquiries after the next convoy led us to the portadmiral ; and Dr. Haweis, with Mr. William Wilfon, by his di-redfion, went on board the Adamant, Captain Warre, who received us with politenefs, and informed us he fliould fliortly fail with a convoy for Lifbon and Gibraltar, and would readily take us under his pro-tedlion. With this the diredtors were acquainted, and ordered us to wait the opportunity.

But the delay began to weary our patience : we all longed for the day of our departure ; and though entertained with the moft cordial welcome by the brethren at Portfmouth and Gofport, we waited the fignal from the Adamant with eager defire.

Yet the ftay was not unprofitable; the fame gracious Hand which condudted us thither gave us caufe to acknowledge his lovino-. kindnefs ; fome good, we hope, refulted from the preaching of many of the diredtors and other brethren who vifited the fhip, and from the milfionaries at Portfea, Gofport, and its vicinity. Afpace was given to thofe who, if they had felt any change of mind, might have departed from the work ; but all became more confirmed and united. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'

An ingenious clergyman of Portfmouth kindly furniftied Dr. Haweis and Mr. Greatheed with a manufeript vocabulary of the

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Otaheitean language, and an account of the country, which providentially he had preferved from the mutineers who were feized by the Pandora, and brought to Portfmouth for their trial, which was of unfpeakable fervice to the miffionaries, both for the help which it afforded them to learn before their arrival much of this unknown tongue, and a Ifo as giving the moft inviting and encouraging de-. fcription of the natives, and the cordial reception which they might expcél;.

Here alfo were depofited in peace the remains of Mr. Cover’s little boy, who, in the laft ftage of a confumption, earncftly wifhed to accompany his parents, though it was evident to every intelligent medical man that he could have but a few days to live, and was ' happily releafed before their departure.

A multitude of friends alfo had this opportunity of teftifying their regard for the mi flion, and furniflied us with many things that, in our hafte to depart, had been forgotten, or, during our ftay here, been thought of, for the comfort of the voyage.

The miffionaries, during this delay, had, according to the regulations eftabliflied, conftantly excrcifed themfelves on board in rotation, in preaching, prayer, and praife, which many attended j they employed themfelves in reading and writing, efpecially refpedling the objedls of their miffion ; and in one of their afiemblies agreed to tranfmit to the body of the direétors the following addrefs :

“ We, the miffionaries, whom you, under the influences of our “ common Saviour, Lord, and Mafter, Jefus Chrift, the only be-“ gotten Son of the eternal Jehovah, have been inftrumental in “ bringing together, uniting in one body, and every way fur-“ nifhing with all temporal neceffiaries for the arduous undertaking we have in hand, cannot bid adieu to our native country, and

“ dear brethren in Chrift, without laying before the diredors of the fociety ^with the defire the fame may be communicated to

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“ all whom it may concern) our views and feelings upon our pro “ fent fituation and future profpedls.

“ Having, through grace, overcome the difagreeablenefs which “ we at firft experienced on our embarkation, arifing from our little “ acquaintance with each other, change in our habitation, and manner “ of living, we find our minds compofed and refigned, and our “ hearts more clofely united to each other in the bonds of love.

“ On looking forward to the length of our voyage, and delibe-“ rating on all the dangers and difficulties which thofe who traverfe “ the bofom of the mighty deep are expofed to, and frequently meet “ with, we are by no means difcouragedj but can cheerfully give “ ourfelves up unto Him, who holdeth the winds in his fift, and “ the waters in the hollow of his hand.

“ When we extend our view acrofs the great Atlantic ocean, and “ contemplate the more extenfive Southern fea; when, in our ima-“ gination, we conceive ourfelves landed on our defiined iflands,-“ furrounded by multitudes of the inhabitants, earneftly inquiring, “ ‘ From whence do you come? and what is your errand?’ we “ anfwer, ‘ From a diftant fhore : the friends of God and human “ kind; touched with compaffion at your unhappy ftate, as re-“ prefented by our countrymen who formerly have vifited you; “ moved by the Spirit of our God, we have forfaken relatives and “ friends, braved fiorms and temperts, to teach you the know-“ ledge of Jefus, whom to know is eternal life.’ Though Satan * *■ and all the hort of hell flrould be rtung with indignation and re-

fentment at our boldnefs in tha Lord, and fire the hearts of their deluded votaries with all the fury and madnefs which brutal igno-“ rance and favage cruelty are capable of; though our God, in “ whofe name we go—our Saviour, by whofe rich grace we are “ redeemed, rtiould deliver us up to their rage, and permit our bodies “ to be afflióted, yea, pcrfecuted unto death; yet, truftino'in the “ faithfulnefs of the Mort High, the goodnert of our caufe, the “ uprightnefs of our intentions, the fervency of our affection for

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“ Chrift our head, and the eledt of God, our hearts remain undaunted ; and being, by Divine mercy, enlifted under the banner

“ of the great Captain of falvation, we are defirous to be ‘ ac-counted worthy to fuffer for his fake,’ and to endure hardflrip

“ Such, honoured brethren, and fathers in Chrift, are our prefent “ feelings,- which we hope, through your united prayers, and the “ fupply of the Spirit of Jefus Chrift, our Lord and your Lord, our “ God and your God, we ftiall never, never lofe.

To you, and all who have contributed towards our going forth, “ we render unfeigned thanks; and our prayers are, that the Moft “ High God may grant you occafion to rejoice in Jefus Chrift on “ our behalf; to whofe grace we humbly and heartily commend ■“ you, moftrefpeólfully andafièélionately bidding you—Farewell?

After waiting with fome impatience for our departure, the • convoy having been detained by delays unknown to us, and, when aftembled, by contrary winds, at laft the welcome fignal was made September loth : at nine A. M. the commodore and fleet began to weigh, and by ten were all under fail ; we alone were ftill at anchor, detained by one of our miftionaries. Early in the morning a boat had been difpatched on ftiore for the time-keeper, and to bring off Mr. John Harris, the abfent perfon ; but after waiting a confiderable time in vain, the officer was obliged to return without him. We then immediately proceeded after the fleet, which was fleering for the Needles ; but by the time we had reached Cowes the fine S.E. gale failed us, and veering to the weftward, the fignal was made to return; when we came to in our former fituation. Monkton fort bearing N. by E. Mr. Harris now came on board ; he had been on a vifit to Southampton, and having heard the fleet

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were failing, hired a boat and followed us ; but it is probable, had the breeze continued, that he .would have been left behind.

We had now anchored, as it proved, for thirteen days more ; in which time, and during the whole of our detention, we received the moft obliging and unrenîitting kindnelfes from the inhabitants of Portfea, Gofport, Southampton, and other places ; nor were we negledled by our friends in London, many of whom came purpofely to vilit us, and thought themfelves amply repaid by wit-nefling the univerfal harmony which prevailed in the fhip : for, though the miflionaries were moftly ftrangers to each other, their behaviour was fuch as gave reafon to hope they would enjoy that peace and cordial good-will among themfelves, fo elTentially necelTary to promote fuccefs in the great work in which they were jointly engaged. At laft the wifhed-for hour of departure arrived ; the lignai was made by the Adamant to drop down to St. Helen’s. Nothing could exceed the beauty of the feene j the day was remarkably fine J the convoy moving on different tacks with their canvafs fpread, and palling the various Ihips of war at anchor in the harbour. This being a Hate holiday, the forts and men of war began their ufual falutes whilft the convoy was under fail, which tended greatly to heighten the grandeur of the feene. On the turn of the tide they all caff anchor, and waited for their final departure in the morning.

The Rev. Dr. Haweis had been daily on board, had often preached to us, and lately celebrated a fweet and bleffed communion with the mifiionaries and mariners ; he now took his forrowful, though joyful leave of us, with an addrefs from Hebrews, iii. r.; his heart appeared to be full, yea overflowing with love ; while we parted with many tears, probably to meet no more till we fhould be re-affembled around the throne of God and of the Lamb,

We now took our final departure from Portfmouth, and launched forth on the great deep. The fignal for failing being given, the mifiionaries came on deck, and every countenance feemed elated with joy at the thought of foon being employed in the great work.

At five A.M. the commodore and the fleet, conf fling of fifty-feven fail of tranfports and Portugal traders, were under way, the Fly Hoop of war bringing up the rear. At noon we were all in a fair way without the Ilie of Wight j wind eafterly, thermometer 57, the air cold.

25th. Proceeding with a fine gale, by eight o’clock on Sunday morning we were off Falmouth, when the commodore made the fignal for the fleet to lie by. A boat from St. Maw’s coming along-fide, we difpatched letters to our friends of our fafety and health. About noon a frigate came out of the harbour and joined us ; the Fly floop at the fame time hauled her wind to the eaftward : the commodore then made fail, and at fix P. M. the Land’s End bore north, diftant five leagues. This was the laft fight of Old England that many onboard were ever to have, and they, no doubt, felt much on the occafion, though fenfible it was not for thofe who had parted with country and friends, and taken up the crofs, to look behind : indeed, every man feemed fully fatisfied with his deftination.

26th. Frefii gales from theN. E. quarter, accompanied with rain, and a large eafterly fwell, which caufing the ftiip to roll, moft of the brethren experienced the fea-ficknefs feverelyj but remained, not-withftanding, unfliaken in their defire to go on, bearing with Chrif-

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tian fortitude what they knew to be the general attendant on all new travellers by fea. At noon we fell in with an Englifli frigate and a two-decker cruifing, one of which fpoke our commodore. In eroding the Bay of Bifcay we had favourable winds, and being with the fleet, it afforded us an opportunity of feeing, by comparifon with the convoy, how fine a fhip we had got to perform our long voyage; for while others were crowding all fail, we could go a-head under our top fails, the men of war carrying the fame fail. This encouraged a hope alfo, that in cafe of being chafed by an enemy, there might be a probability of effecting our efeape by means of failing.

On the 29th our fca-fick miflionaries who were recovering, devoted part of the day to learning the Otaheitean language and other ufeful ffudies. A hawk, this day, reffed on our rigging, and was caught: a mhfionary remarked, “ So might my poor foul,, wandering from “ its true home, be loft, if not gracioufly prevented by Divine “ mercy.”

On the 30th, being in latitude 44° 50' N. long. 11° 17' W. the commodore made the fignal for the headmoft drips to lie by ; the wind at the time blowing fair for us, the captain thought we might venture to make the beft of our way, efpecially as the greateft danger was now over, and we could go but little farther without deviating widely from our courfe : hoifting our enfign, therefore, to fignify our intention, we were anfwered by the commodore, and making all fail, were followed by a South-Sea whaler and two other veflels.

The fleet foon difappeared, and the miflionaries held a particular meeting of prayer and thankfgiving : praifing God for paft mercies, and confidering themfelves now deprived of human protection, they gave themfelves up into the hands of the Lord, and committed themfelves to his keeping and care, who hath promifed, “ when ye pafs “ through the waters I will be with you.”

October ift. The wind continued at N.E. and we failed before it with a pleafant breeze, about fix knots an hour.—How gracious is

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God in favouring us with fuch wind and weather ! we want nothing but more gratitude and love.

2d. This being the Lord’s day, Mr. Jcfferfon preached in the morning, and with his other brethren adminiftered the communion to the captain, miflionaries, and feamen. Surrounded now only with fea and Iky, we feemed to have taken our departure from the abodes of the living, to be nearer the prefence of our heavenly Father; and drinking out of the ever-flowing fprings of his love, fpent the day in prayer and praife.

3d. The miflionaries in turn kept up the evening and morning devotions, and through the day employed themfelves in ftudy, or thofe occupations they could purfue. The women and children bore the voyage amazingly well ; except a little fea-ficknefs, all was per-fedly pleafing, and not a complaint to be heard. We faw a large fllip, and took care to pafs to windward of her, left fhe fhould prove an enemy ; but the difplay of the American flag freed us from that apprehenfion.

On the 6th a beautiful fun-rifing : we faw the ifland of Madeira, which fliows high, and may be feen in clear weather when diftant feventeen or eighteen leagues. This ifland, lying in the neighbourhood of Europe, and famous all over the world for its wines, is largely defcribed by different authors ; therefore, had we even opportunity of making obfervations of our own, to infert them here would be unneceflary.

Mr. Cover and Mrs. Eyre were ftill affected with fea-fleknefs; all the reft were in perfeót health. We pafled Madeira, intending to touch at St. Jago, the principal of the Cape de Verd iHands, there to replenifh our water, and procure what refrefliments the place could fpeedily fupply.^

The night of the 6th and the following day we had unfettled, fqually weather, the wind veering from N.E. to S.E. and frequent heavy Ihowers of rain, with which we filled fome of our water-, calks. On the 8th we came in fight of Palma, one of the Canary

iflands. On the loth, in lat. 23° N. we faw a ft range fail in the S.E. quarter; fhe fired a gun to leeward, to fignify {he was a friend; we did the fame : but as we drew nearer to her they took the alarm, and crowding what Tail they could, fleered from us, Difiance run this laft twenty-four hours one hundred and eighty-five miles.— nth, crolfed the tropic of Cancer, and had feveral flying-fifh about us ; thefe were a novel fight to many on board, and excited much furprife and admiration.

12th. This day had been previoufly appointed for folemn humiliation and fading, begging God to prepare us for our Work, and forgive whatever his pure eyes had beheld amifs among us. Mr. Lewis preached in the morning, Mr. Eyre in the evening ; the whole day was fpent in devotion by the miflionaries, and proved a feafon of mercy and refrelhing from the prefence of the Lord. Proceeding faft to the fouthward, on the 13th, about nine A. M. we faw Sal, which is the northernmoft of the Cape de Verd ifles ; it has a fun-burnt appearance, infomuch that, as we failed along to the eaftward, about three miles off fhore, there was not a tree or green fpot to be feen. At four P. M. Bona Vifta came in fight; it is hilly, and might be feen feven or eight leagues off, but for a thin white haze which is common to all thefe iflands, and has the effedt, that when you think the weather clear, you cannot fee the land till within two or three leagues of it. This ifland has a good harbour on its weft fide, where, as we failed along, we faw fome veffels at anchor. At eight in the evening we took a departure from the S.W. end of Bona Vifta, bearing at that time E. S. E. fix miles : then, after running S. S.W. j W. thirty-five miles, juft as the day dawned we faw the ifle of Mayo, and right a-head, diftant a mile or two, the dangerous rocks which lie off its north end.

14th. The fea broke upon them with great violence; had we kept running on, we fhould juft have hit them; but a courfe S.by W. jW. from the weft fide of Bona Vifta, will take a fhip near to the eaft fide of Mayo, and lead clear of this laft danger. Two fhips', one

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brig, and a fchooncr, were lying in Mayo road, probably for cargoes of fait, abundance of which is yearly lliipped from thefe iflands.

With pleafant weather, all fails fet, and a fine fair wind, by eleven A. M. we loft fight of Mayo, owing to the before-mentioned hazy atmofpherc, for we were at no great diftance from it ; at the fame time we could difcern St. Jago off the deck. At one P. M. palTed the S.E. point, and half an hour after tacked clofe to Green ifland; then made two fhort tacks, and came to with the fmall bower in eight fathoms, the fouth end of Green ifland bearing W.S.W. i W-and the peaked mountain open about two fails breadth to the eaftward of the flag-ftaff on the fort.

Thus have we fafely reached the firft port for refreihment, after a voyage perfelt;ftly pleafant, and juft three weeks fince we left St. Helen’s. The Lord has Ihcwn us great favour indeed ; the wind hath been fo fair, and the weather fo good, that divine fervice hath been regularly and daily.condudled without the leaft interruption.—How great are his mercies ! Such poor frefli-water failors as we were, needed thefe gracious commencements, to prepare us for the vaft fpace which yet remained.

As foon as the fails were furled the captain fent the firft mate with his refpefts to the governor, to requeft leave of him to water and purchafe refrefhments, which he very politely and readily granted. The chief governor rcfides at St. Jago town inland, and the gentleman at Port Praya was his deputy. Refpefling live ftock, vegeta-' ■ bles, amp;c. he faid that none could be purchafed this evening; but as the news would quickly fpread that a fhip had arrived in the port, to-morrow early the natives would refort within the walls of the fort, where the market is ufually held ; and as each brings a part of what he pofîèfles, there is generally colleéled whatever the ifland affords. This being the cafe, we could only go on with our watering, which is here attended with much trouble, having to roll the calks a quarter of a mile over a hot foft fand, and take them off through a heavy furf: befides, the water, after it is got, is brackifli.

October.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;2^

That for the life of the fort is brought on affes or camels from a; diftance of three or four miles.

The deputy-governor had long laboured under a dangerous complaint, and though for fome time paft in a way of recovering, yet for want of advice and medicines was apprehenfive of a relapfe. Dr. Gillham being on ftiore, the cafe was made known, and his opinion and advice agreeing with what had been told the governor before by a furgeon of an Indiaman, gained confidence, and the doéfor’s fervices were gladly accepted, who prefcribed for the governor and bis lady, who was alfo indifpofedj and hevifited fome poor fick natives. Their difeafes he chiefly found to be intermittents, difeafes of the liver, and anafarca. He reports the place as very unhealthy,, yet was informed of a perfon one hundred and ten years old.

15th. At daylight the pinnace was detached for another turn of water, fome of the miftionaries voluntarily lending their afliftance. On her return the Ihip’s fteward was fent to trade for live ftock, amp;c. j a few of the miftionaries accompanied him to procure what things they wanted for their own ufe ; old clothes they found to be a ftaple article : however, we were in a meafure difappointed, for the market was not as well furniftied as we expedled, owing, as the fort alleged, to but few of the country people being yet apprifed of our arrival ; therefore all we got for the cabin was, one turkey, five fowls, five pigs, a quantity of oranges, and a quarter of a calk of Madeira wine for the ufe of the miftionaries, which we procured from the captain of an American brig that lay in the port. While we were on fhore the governor treated us with the greateft refpect and kind-nefs, and had Dr. Gillham, myfelf, and twó of the brethren, to dine with him. In return for his civility. Captain Wilfon fent him a. cheefe and fome tea and fugar, articles which he flood in need of, the regular fupplies from Lift on having not arrived, though pafl the ufual time. Our water being completed, at five P. M. a gun was fired from the Ihip, a lignai for thofe who were on fhore to repair on board J hoifled the boats in, got under way, and by feven o’clock

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.were clear of the harbour : thermometer 77°, very fultry. St. Jago is the moft fruitful and the heft inhabited of all the Cape de Verd illands, notwithftanding it is very mountainous, and has in it a great deal of barren land. The principal town is named after the ill and, and is fituated in 15° N» lat, ; it Hands againft the Iide of two mountains, between which there is a deep valley two hundred yards wide, that runs within a fmall fpace of the fea. In that part of the valley next the fea is a ftraggling ftreet with houfes on each fide, and ■a rivulet of water in the bottom, emptying itfelf into a fine cove, or fandy bay, where the fea is generally very fmooth, fo that fhips ride there with great fafety. A fmall fort is ereóted near the landing-place of this bay, where a guard is conftantly kept, and near it is a battery mounted with a few fmall cannon, but incapable of refilling an enemy.

Port Praya is a fmall bay, fituated about the middle of the fputh fide of the illand, in lat. 14“53' N.long. 23° 30' W. ; it may be known by the fouthernmofl; hill on the ifland lying inland in the diredlion of weft from the port ; the hill is round and peaked at the top. Green ifland may alfo be taken as a mark by which to know the harbour j it lies on the weft fide of the bay, is not very high, and has fteep rocky fides. From this ifland to the weft point of the bay lie funken rocks, upon which the fea continually breaks : the two points which form the entrance lie in the direction of W. S.W. and E. N.E. half a league from each other. It is ufual for Eaft-Indiamen, Guinea traders, and others bound to the fouthward, to touch here for re-frelhments : “ Bullocks,” fays Captain Cook, “ muft be pur-“ chafed with money; the price is twelve Spanifli dollars a-head, “ weighing between two hundred and fifty and three hundred pounds. “ Other articles may be got from the natives in exchange for old “ clothes, amp;c. ; but the fale of bullocks is granted to a company of merchants as their peculiar privilege, and they conftantly keep an agent refiding on the fpot.” This may in general be true, but wç xould find neither merchants nor agents, confequently got no buh

locks ; however, had our ftay been longer, it is probable fome of them would have come to the fort.

Though our flay was very Ihort, our brethren on fhore were not inattentive to their firfl: objedl j we ihall juft mention, in the fim-plicity of the language of the reporter, what pafled on one occafion : “ I was meditating on the great goodnefs of God to me an un-“ worthy creature, and that ‘ whofoever is afraid or alliamed of his “ word before men, of him will the Son of Man be afhamed,’when “ I met a native black man, who invited me to his houfe. My “ mind was greatly imprefted with the ignorance and fuperftition I, “ faw J fo I went with him, and found him very friendly : he “ fpoke the Englifh language fufficiently to be underftood j I in-“ quired what religion he was of ; he told me he was a Roman Ca-“ tholic. After fpeaking a little of their mode and manner of wor-“ fhip, I told him freely I feared he was wrong; that God could “ not be worfhipped through the medium of images, pointing out “ the feveral paflages of God’s word which forbad fuch worlhip ; “ and, bleflTed be God, he appeared very much to give way to what “ I faid to him; and I hope the Lord will convince him by his “ Spirit, Before parting from him, I defired him to read over all “ the paflages I had pointed out to him, for he had an old Bible, “ and could read a little: I begged him to compare the word of

God with the fentiments he had been taught, and to pray to God “ without images fet before him, as they are an abomination to the “ Lord ; and there can be but one true way of worlhipping him

through Jefus Chrift, and him alone. Thus, after a few more “ words, we parted, and I liope the labour will not be in vain in

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18th. Having completed the purpofe of our landing at Port Praya, and afrcdi taken our departure, at a little didance off the ifland a fine breeze fprang up, and continued from E.S.E. toE.N.E. with hazy weather ; then gradually declined to calms and light airs alternately. Lat. 9° 30' N. long. 233 W. at one P. M: we faw a fail to the weftward, and by five o’clock in the evening, the variable light winds being moft favourable to her, flic had got within a mile of US; then hoifting Engliffi colours, fired a gun to bring us to : we likewife fired and fhewed our colours ; and obferving that fhe had the advantage of failing we bore down to fpeak with her ; but there being hardly any wind, it was dark before we came within hail : their gun-ports, fore and aft, were up, the between decks lighted, and the crew at their quarters. This formidable appearance damped the fpirits of our peaceable paffengers, who were now in fufpenfe whether they fhould go to France or Otaheite ; for as fhe was much our fuperior in force, we muft inevitably have fallen into their hands had they been enemies : but on hailing her our apprehenfions va-nifhed ; her name was the Jack Park, of Liverpool, bound to Africa ; file was a letter of marque, and out of twenty-two veffels fhe had examined we only were Englifli.

The obfervations of the mifiionaries, on this occafion, are well worth remarking: “ Many fe.ars began to arife in our minds ; but “ thanks be to God, we were enabled to caft our care upon Him, “ and refign ourfelves to his bleffed will ; knowing that whatever “ the Lord in his providence fliould fend us, we truft fhall be for his “ own glory—the Lord is better to us than all our fears.”

19th. “ This morning at fun-rifing I was upon deck,” fays W. P. “ and druck with the fcene prefented to my view. The fea was “ quite calm and ferene, the Iky was moll beautiful, and the fun “ difcovering his dilk out of variegated clouds : I never before faw

any thing fo delightful. At a di dance were fome water-fpouts ‘ extending from the clouds to the fea, which formed a mod won-“ derful objedl : I thought of the beautiful words of the Pfalmift, “ They who go down to the fea in Ihips, amp;c. they fee the works

aid. A heavy fquall came on when the midionarics were engaged betw’een decks in evening prayer ; and the fhip heeling on a hidden, the lee fcuttle being open, the water rufhed in like a torrent, and rather alarmed them. “ I caught up,” fays W. H. “ a “ gown of my wife’s, the fird thing in the way, and held it in the “ fcuttle-hole till the carpenter went over the Ihip’s Iide and clofed

it tight. The fquall did not continue long, and we were enabled “ to ling the praifes of our Lord with enlarged hearts.”

22d. A number of Iharks were playing round the fhip ; wc caught two, each about five feet long ; after being cut into pieces, and the entrails taken out, the heads jumped about the deck for a con-fiderable time.

27th. The weather became now very unfettled, the winds variable and fqually, attended with much thunder and lightning; here we alfo felt the power of a vertical fun, and, apprehenfive of its fickening eße éls, put in practice thofe methods which eminent voyagers have ufed fo fuccefsfully : we fird walked between decks quite clean, and when dry fumigated with tobacco and fulphur : at fix every morning the hammocks were brought upon deck ; ând thus the berths, kept as clean as pofiible, received the benefit of the frelh air. From the i8th to the 22d of the month we failed through a part of the fea which in the night exhibits a brilliant appearance ; all round the fhip, in her wake, and where the fqualls ruffle the furface, being grandly illuminated. Some adert this to be occafioned

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by animalcules which thus glow in the dark, their fhining parts being turned upwards by the turbulence of the waters. On the 27th, in lat. 3® N. and long. 28“ W. we got the frefh S.E. trade wind* the falutary efièâs of which were gratefully received ; for, fenfible whence our bleffing comes, we had reafon to be thankful, that, after the late weather, fo pernicious to European conftitutions, we were all preferved in good health.

29th. V/e faw a very remarkable fhoal of porpoifes ; they rofe as if difciplined in a itraight line extending about half a mile, making fo fudden a noife and ruffle in the fea, that at firft fight we took them to be breakers. About midnight we croffed the equator in long. 30° W. J the variation by five lets of azimuths 5° 23' W.

In thefe latitudes we naturally expefted to meet calms and burning funs, inftead of which we have a delightful breeze, which carries us along about nine knots an hour ; and the fun-beams being broken by clouds and a haze, the heat hath not exceeded what we have often felt in England.—How great is his mercy !

31ft. At fix A. M. faw the ifland of Fernando de Noronha, bearing W.N.W. nine leagues,* then run S.S.W. forty-two miles, and obferved in lat. 4° 31' S. long, by account 32° 19'W. This ifland, when it bore W. N.W. nine leagues, Ihewed in detached hills, the largeft of which had the appearance of a church fteeple.

“ This ifland,” fays Antonio de Ulloa, “ hath two harbours, ca-pable of receiving Ihips of the great eft burden ; one is on the “ north fide, the other on the north-weft ; the former is, in every “ refpeél, the principal, both for Ihelter, capacity, and the good-nefs of its bottom ; but both are expofed to the north and weft ; but thefe winds, particularly the north, are periodical, and of no “ long continuance.”

November I ft. After paffing this ifland the wind continued at S. E. till in lat. 7® S. it became variable, fhifting almoft every day from about S.S.E. to E. and back by the eaftward to S.' When there was northing in the wind, the weather was moft unfettled and

rainy ; when in the fouthern quarter we had generally fair weather, though fometimes the fouth-eafters were accompanied with a little rain.

The porter being exhaufted, the captain propofed to iffue half a pint of Madeira wine to the miflionaries, which was thankfully accepted.

ad. Caught two Portuguefe men of war in a bucket ; they arc beautiful pink-coloured bladders in the fliape of a curious (hell, and put out innumerable arms like worms about a foot long, which, on being touched, fling like nettles. They rife to the furface, and feud before the wind like little fhips.

4th. We have to acknowledge the unfpeakable goodnefs f God towards us ; it is fix weeks this day fince we left St. Helen’s, and we are all in health, ftrength, and adfivity; and have enjoyed an uninterrupted favourable wind ever fince we quitted our native fhore.

6th. Celebrated the communion on the quarter-deck, covered with an awning to keep us from the fun—a very comfortable time '—enabled to rejoice in the Lord our flrength and righteoufnefs : Oh, may his kingdom fpread far and wide !

7th. Met this evening to fend up our united prayers with our brethren in England, for a blefling on this and all miflionary labours throughout the world ; we began at half paft four, to correfpond with our brethren at feven o’clock, fuch being the difference of time.

9th. In lat. 18° 39^ S. long. 37'’ 46^ W. we founded on the outer part of the Abrolhos banks in eighteen fathoms ; and while we were running fixteen leagues on a S.W. courfe had irregular foundings, viz. 18, 20, 22, 27, 38, 19, 17, 30, 25, coarfe fand with reddifh ftones. At noon we obferved in lat. 19° 15'S.j our longitude by lunar obfervation of fun and moon 38° 30', by account 38° 21' W. From noon, with irregular foundings of nearly the fame depth, we ran S. S.W. fourteen leagues farther, and could then find no bottom with .fifty fathom of line. Here we reckoned ourfelves to be in lat. 19'gt;54' S.

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^ong. 38° 40^ W. and clear to the fouthward of the Abrolhos banks law Efpirito Santo. We then ran S. by W. j W. fifty-one miles, and obfervcd in 20° 41^8. long. 39“ W. ; afterwards running fourteen hours upon a courfe, made good S.W. ? W. one hundred and four miles, we founded in fifteen fathoms, upon a bank (as we fup-pofc) which lies off Cape Thome.

11 th. At eight A.M. we faw the fcattered iflands which lie to the northward of Cape Frio. The weather being hazy we had no obfervation. At half paft two Cape Frio bore N. i W. five miles. It now fet in to rain very hard, with brifk gales from the N.E. ; in confequence of which We put the fliip under a fnug fail, intending to fpend the night betwixt the Cape and the entrance of Rio de Janeiro; ftanding in fliore to thirty fathoms, and off to forty-eight ; a fandy bottom. 12th. At daylight we made fail and ran for the harbour ; but the breeze failing, and the tide againft us, it was one o’clock in the afternoon before we reached the entrance. When nearly there, a pilot-boat came alongfide, in which was the head har-bour-mafter, who took charge of the fiiip. Jn running in we gave the fort of Santa Cruz a berth of h^lf a cable’s length ; keeping /:he Ifie de Cobras, which is ftrongly fortified, about two points upon the larboard bow, till the Benedidine monaftery, which is large and white, appeared clear of its north fide ; then hauling up towards the fliipping, we came to with our fmall bower in feven fa-jthoms water, and moored with a kedge to the northward, the mo-nafiery bearing S.W. by S. and Ifie de Enchados N. by W. As foon as we had anchored, a guard-boat, with the proper officers, .came alongfide, in order to prevent fmuggling, and watch that no perfon went from the ffiip unaccompanied by a foldier. It is remarked, that the government in this colony adls towards flrangers with the moft jealous caution ; the captain, obliged to land when we firfl entered the port, was attended with a military officer from Jort Santa Cruz. This evening fetting in with heavy rain, thundey^

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and lightning, we ran our eleélric conductors to the maft-heads, a precaution necefiary when within the tropics.

13th. Being now fafely moored, after a paflage of five thoufand miles, through the molt malignant climates, 'it is proper to paufe, while we with grateful hearts adore the goodnefs of God, whofe watchful providence has been confpicuoufly difplayed in our favour ; preferving us in health, and guiding us in fafety to a port, where we can procure whatever refrefiiments we want for the comfort of the reft of our paftage. Befides thefe motives, an additional caufe for thankfulnefs is, that the hearts of the miftionaries feem as much as ever devoted to the Redeemer’s fervice, and their minds as ardently intent as ever to promote his glory.

This day being the fabbath, the incumbent duties were obferved in the fame manner as at fea; the officer of the guard-boat attended,, condudling himfelf with much propriety, and at the clofe of the wor-fhip expreffed his approbation. His curiofity, however, was much excited, and he feemed quite at a lofs to know what kind of people we were; but either through modefty,or a fear of offending,declined making any inquiries : afterwards, when more familiar, he faid that he never before faw people behave fo peaceably and foberly on the firft day after their arrival ; the reverfe, fwearirig, noife, and drunkennefs, being generally the praólice.

14th. Since the captain was on fhore on our firft arrival, no individual was allowed to go from the fhip till a further examination by the fuperior officers, whofe vifit we were obliged patiently ta wait ; and as the time of their coming was uncertain, we employed the day on the neceffary duty of the fhip till about four in the afternoon, when there came, in the mafter-attendant’s boat, fome military officers, the chief juftice, a phyfician, the captain of a fliip, and an interpreter. Their bufinefs feemed to be trifling, repeating only the queftions which had been put to the captain at the firft :? however, though their fcrivener was prefent, what they had now done was not fufficient; the captain, myfelf, and the fécond officer.

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were ordered to attend at the viceroy’s palace, there to anfwer to the fame firing of interrogations, viz. Whence we came ? whither bound ? the nature of our voyage ? and what political news we had to communicate? When the whole was noted, duplicates written, and figned by us, we were informed that the papers would be fent to Lifbon, and that fuch fcrutinies were the common practice of the colony. '

This ceremony being over, we had leave to go on fhore when we pleafed, themfelves taking care always to put a foldier in the boat before fhe put from alongfide ; and as foon as we landed, another picked us up and followed us through the town, abiding clofe by us till we returned again to the boat. From Monday till Saturday we were employed refitting our rigging, watering our fhip, and procuring live flock, wine, amp;c. for fea flore ; feveral forts of feeds and plants were alfo got on board, fuch as it was fuppofed might flourifh and be ufeful at Otaheite,.

On Saturday the 19th, at four in the morning, we unmoored, and with the mafler-attendant on board took the fhip nearer to the harbour’s mouth, that we might be in readinefs to embrace the firft leading breeze to fail.

About noon the fea wind fet in with a thick fog ; in the afternoon both boats were employed to bring from the fhore a variety of things which were füll unavoidably there.

aoth. At feven in the morning we weighed with a light breeze in our favour; but by the time we got abreafl of fort Santa Cruz it changed againfl us ; however, we kept plying to windward, and after we had made a few tacks, the mafler-attendant took his leave. At three P.M. we palled between Razor ifland and Round ifland,when a frefh breeze fpringmg up, we were very foon out of fight of land.

The city of Rio de Janeiro is at prefent the capital of Brazil, and, fince the difeovery of the diamond mines in its vicinity, has been thè refidence of the viceroy. It has for its defence cannon planted wpon the tops of the eminences, which command its entrance •

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befides three or four regular forts ; but none of thefe, taken fmgly, can be efteemed very ft rong, except Santa Cruz and Lozia, as they lie confiderably diftant from each other : therefore, though guns may be feen whatever way you turn your eyes, yet the place is not in reality fo well fortified as it appears to be.

The inhabitants are a mixture of Portuguefe, mulattoes, and negroes, and their number in the city and fuburbs cannot exceed two hundred thoufand. The churches, monafteries, convents, the viceroy’s palace, the hofpital, and a few private houfes, have a good appearance. The ftreets are narrow, but ftraight and regular. Their windows and the upper part of their doors being latticed with rods laid acrofs each other, and clofe fhut all day, a ftranger walking along, and feeing their women and children peep through thefe gratings, might fuppofe their dwellings fo many prifons.

The government is fo ftriólly cautious, that the inhabitants can have no intercourfe whatever with ft ran gers without leave fir ft obtained from the viceroy : a letter of credit which Captain Wilfon had, ad-dreffed to a refpedlable merchant, afforded one inftance. On receipt of the letter he expreffed his readinefs to advance what fums the captain might have occafion for, and to affift him in any other wayj but before he could oblige him, he faid, he muff wait on the viceroy with the letter.

This capital appears to exceed all popifh places in the parade of religion. At the corner of every ffreet is a figure of our Saviour and the Virgin Mary placed in a niche, or kind of cupboard, with a curtain and glafs window before it ; in the night, candles are lighted ; and here the people flop to addrefs their devotions, and the whole night long the voice of their chanting to thefe images may be heard. Even the common beggar makes a trade of religion, by carrying a little crucifix at his bread, which I fuppofe he may buy for a penny ; at this the poorer fort crofs themfelves, and the beggar bleffing them, muft be paid for his benedidtion as well as the pope.

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entering 3/. 12s., and ^s.hd. a day while at anchor; hefides this, foreign velTels muft pay an interpreter commiflion for his bufinefs with government, and on what he piychafes ; however, provifions are very cheap. Rum, which they make in the colony, is of a tolerable quality ; and their port wine, meliorated by palling through the tropical climates, is allowed to excel in goodnefs.

On entering this port, after a long palfage acrofs the Atlantic ocean, the vaftnefs of the prolpedt fills the mind with the moft plcafing fenfations. Palling the narrow entrance between two lofty hills, the harbour fuddenly widening Ihews like an extenfive lake, where on different parts lie many fcattered illands. On the left, the city, with the fortifications and whitewalhed walls, prefents itfelf in a ftriking manner, with Ihipping at anchor, and boats bringing fupplies from every quarter. Beyond all, to the north-weft, as far as the eye can reach, a range of lofty mountains ereét their rugged tops : in their bofoms, perhaps, thoufands of human beings are doomed, in fearch of gold and diamonds, to fpend their days in mifery.

The Obfervations of the Mijffionaries at their 'Entrance and Stay at Rio Janeiro.

ON approaching the harbour the tops of the mountains were hid in clouds, but the hills near the Ihore covered with fruit-trees to their very tops. Several fortified illands were around us ; and on the main we faw a magnificent aqueduót of about fifty arches, extending from one mountain to another. Here we began to obferve marks of their fuperftition, for the crofs was ereóted on the tops of the hills, and on their forts. On the Lord’s day, the Portuguefe and Indians, who were our attendants on board, looked on very attentively, and behaved very ferioully, during our worlliip, though unacquainted with

the language ; whilft thofe who remained in the boat, though it was Sunday, amufed themfelves with cards.

A large party of us going on ihorc, we had leave to fee the town, accompanied by two officers, who treated us with much civility-On landing we were ffiocked with the fight of a poor Have worn out with difeafe and labour, advancing with feeble crawl to the water’s edge ; and Ihortly after beheld a fcene difgufting to humanity, a cargo of human beings expofed for fale, naked, in the market-place j whilft others, in companies of fix or feven chained together, were traverfing the ftreets with burdens : we have feen their mafters flog them like horfes or dogs, fo that our eyes have been filled with tears at the fight. When fhall this barbarous traffic come to an end ?

The ftreets were full of ffiçps of every kind ; the druggifts* and filverfmiths’ made the nobleft appearance. We obferved a large rcfer-voir of water, with three fountains difcharging into it, very fweet, and convenient for the fhipping. Peruvian bark was ix. per pound, cochineal lOr. We wiffied to procure fome of the cochineal plants, but did not fucceed j but we got various tropical feeds and plants at a hofpitable cottager’s, a little diftance from the city.

The viceroy’s garden was beautifully interfperfed with oranges, lemons, limes, and a number of other trees. There we faw a crocodile fpouting water, furrounded with curious fhell-work ; and in another part, a boy holding a tortoife, from whofe mouth ilTued a copious ftream. The view of the harbour from one of the terraces is magnificent. The fummer-houfes were adorned with beautiful paintings reprefenting the working the diamond mines, and the making fugar, rum, and other produce of the country.

We next vifited the palace. The colonel commandant and his lady ffiewed us the greateft politenefs, and his lady was peculiarly attentive to our wives ; and forry we were that we could make no acknowledgments in return ; efpecially when we law their rooted fuperfti-tions, beads and crucifixes hung about their necks ; and the crofs and their faints were at the corner of every ftreet, and before their

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houfes : to thefe they bow and crofs themfelves as they pafs. Indeed they feem funk in idolatry. The number of their priefts is im-menfe. The town feemed not bigger than Briftol, and can hardly contain more than two hundred thoufand inhabitants.

Our attention was arrefted by a grand proceffion of priefts, nuns, mourners, amp;c. entering one of their cathedrals, which was hung with black, and blazing with lamps. The prayers were chanted, and chorulfes fung, accompanied by a band of mufic. The fight afflidted us j to behold fuch external pomp of worfhip, and to dif-cover no trace of the pure undefiled religion of Jefus.

They are very jealous of Grangers on account of their diamond mines, where fo many miferable Africans are yearly facrificed- We pafiTed the military hofpital, on a healthy fpot about a mile from the city; but I did not vifit it, fays the furgeon, left I might carry fome infedion on board. Not far diftant, in a beautiful valley, is the viceroy’s magnificent chapel ; and they are now ereding a large cathedral near it, where a multitude of Haves were employed ; and to fhare in the merit of the work, they informed us feveral youths of opulent families affifted, raifing a vaft fuperftrudure on a fandy foundation. I retired to my cabin in the evening, praying that the Lord would fend hither his precious gofpel with demonftration of his fpirit and power.

Upon the whole, we had every reafon to be fatisfied with our reception, and embraced the opportunity of a fliip failing for Europe to convey intelligence to our friends.

Though the following- letter addrefted by the mifiionaries to the diredors has been publilhed, it properly and defervedly claims a part in this narrative ; and with it we Ihall clofe the tranfadions at Rio Janeiro.

“ Onboard the Duff, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, “ coaft of Brazil, South America, Nov. 15, 1796.

“ We think it our duty to inform you, we arrived at this place “ on Saturday, lathinftant, after a paflage of feven weeks and one “ day. We cannot fufficiently acknowledge the great goodnefs of “ Almighty God, in the fignal bleffings we have been favoured with, “ fince our departure from our country and dear connexions therein. ‘ ‘ We have not experienced one day of real bad weather fince we were “ launched upon the bofom of the great deep : winds and waves, in “ the hands of our God, have been propitious. The fiery heat of the “ fun, in pafling beneath its diredteft rays, hath been kindly checked “ by intervening clouds or cooling gales ; fo that we have croffcd “ thus far through the burning zone, without feeling thofe inconve-“ niences that we were naturally led to expect. Our vifitations of “ ficknefs have been partial and tranfient ; few having been afflidted, “ and thofe, through divine goodnefs, fpeedily recovered : Mrs. “ Eyre excepted, who, through weaknefs and infirmity incident on “ age, has enjoyed but little health fince our departure from England ; “ however, from the time of our arrival in this harbour, flie appears “ greatly revived. The abundant fupply of every necelfary, fur-“ nifhed by our liberal friends, hath not fuffered us to feel the fmalleft “ want. Our attention has been chiefly diredled to the reading of the “ accounts of the iflands of the South Sea, and acquiring fome know-“ ledge of the Otaheitean language, from the providential means put “ into our hands ; other ftudies of a fcientific nature we have not “ been able to pay general application to. The worflrip of the Moft “ High has been duly and conftantly attended, without any omiflion “ but when neceflity or prudence made it warrantable. Whatever “ fpiritual trials we individually have fuffered, moments of refrefh-“ ment from God and our Saviour Jefus Chrift have more than “ compenfated. Harmony and concord continue among us as a body

engaged in one common caufe. We look forward to what remains of our voyage and future operations with that concern our peculiar fituation demands. Our infufficiency we feel, and where our ftrength lieth we know. We humbly hope and truft that the hand of God will continue with us, by his Spirit to diredl us, and by his power to guard us. We give ourfelves up to God, through Jefus Chrift our Lord, and defire to lie placid in his arms.

Dear brethren, the whole body of miffionaries, as the heart of one man, prefent their ChriRian love to the body of directors, the fociety, and all true lovers of Chrift and his gofpel. We pray the continuance of an intereft in your fervent prayers for us, and for our undertaking j that we may acquit ourfelves as men, faithful to the caufe in which we are engaged, and be rendered mighty inftruments in the hands of God for the converfion of the heathens of the South Sea : fo fhall iniquity flop its mouth, the wife and prudent in their own eyes be afliamed, and the mighty power of God be difplayed in the eyes of the world, by his choofing the fool-ifh things of the world to confound the wife, the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty ; the bafc things of the world, and things which are defpifed, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are.

W E now proceeded on our voyage, in hopes of effcding it by the way of Cape Horn, which was our original intention. The captain had laid in a frefh ftore of fuch provifions as this place afforded, with fj-igar, wine, and whatever might be neccffary in the long run before us.

20th. Lord’s day. Brothers Eyre and Jefferfon preached. We had but little wind, and drifted out with the tide. In leaving this harbour, and again launching into the deep, we thought on all the mercies of our God, who had dealt fo wonderfully with us, and proteóted us hitherto in fafety through the pathlefs ocean : we could, with humble dependence, truft him for the future.

a4th. We begin to find it colder as we run to the fouth ; the at-mofphere, day and night, is free from clouds ; the breeze is moderate ; we move as on a mill-pond, enjoying all the bleffings of life. O may the goodnefs of the Lord lead us to repentance, watchful-nefs, and unfeigned love of the brethren ! Thefe favourable commencements, however, fóon changed ; he ihall defcribe who felt them. “ ‘29th. We had a very pleafant day, and this evening I “ was delighted to fee the fliip crowded down with fails, and going “ fwiftly before the wind with the harry heavens over us. About eleven o’clock I was waked out of fleep, and much alarmed with the noife on deck. I hurried on my clothes and ran up the lad-“ der, and to my great furprife found the fhip under her bare poles. “ The Iky, which had been fo ferene and bright, was covered with black clouds ; the lightning came in flalhes fo quick and

“ vivid, as took away my eye-fight for a time. Blefled be God ! “ it did not laft more than two hours, when the Rorm abated. “ See what the Lord can do ! ‘ Let all the earth fear the Lord ; let ** all the inhabitants thereof Hand in awe of him. He gathereth the waters of the fea together as an heap, he layeth up the “ depths as in his trcafure-houfe. Oh, how great is thy good nefs, “ which thou haft laid up for them that fear thee !’

“ Thy conftant love, thy faithful care, “ Is all that faves me from defpair.”

After being two months from England, and running fix thoufand miles, this is the firft time we have experienced a contrary wind.

During the firft eight days nothing remarkable occurred. On the 29th We obferved in lat. 34° 56' S. long. 49'’30'W. ; had a fine breeze wefterly and clear weather ; towards the evening it veered to the north, a gentle gale and a fmooth fea : but thefe favourable circumftances we forefaw would be of ftaort continuance : to the fouthward black clouds were rifing faft, and flying with great velocity over our heads in a di red! ion quite contrary to the way the wind at prefent blew. This jarring of the elements we confidered as a fure prognoftic of an approaching ftorm ; therefore the captain ordered the fmall fails to be taken in, alfo a Angle reef in the top fails. Still a gentle gale continued as before till near midnight, when we were attacked by a moft violent fquall, with a deluge of rain and fmart thunder and lightning, the combined force of which obliged us to haul our forefail clofe up, and furl every other fail : happily it foon fubfided, but continued not long moderate ; a ftrong gale fet in at fouth, and the fea running high all the following day, moft of ehe miflionaries were again vifited with the fea-ficknefs.

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December ift. The gale moderated, and the fea falling greatly, a few of the lick recovered ; betwixt decks were cleared and dried, the fllip put in order, and preparations made to encounter fuch ftorms as we might now expeél. The cow had fuffered much in the late gale from repeated falls ; and as no hay had been got at Rio Janeiro, on account of the rainy feafon, the* little we brought from home was now expended, therefore no alternative remained but to kill the poor lean animal : this was done accordingly, hut with reluäance, as her milk had been very ferviceable to the women and children ; we found her big with calf, which made her more regretted. In the courfe of the night we experienced another fmart gale, which, though not quite fo violent as the Lift, was, like it, attended with rain, thunder, and lightning.

2d. At daylight we had better weather, and the fea was remarkably fmooth, but very much difcoloured, the caufe of which phenomenon is generally afcribed to the outfet of the tide from the great river of Rio de la Plata ; we founded, but found no bottom with one hundred fathom of line. At noon our latitude, by ob-fervation, was 38quot; 8' S. long. 50° 15' W. Towards the clofe of the day the fky again put on a gloomy afpeét, and from a moderate breeze at S. by W. the wind veered to S.W. by W. the gale in-creafing, and the fea riling very faft.

3d. In the morning the fea ran exceeding high, and the wind blew a complete ftorm, which reduced us to a clofe-reefed main-topfail and forefail. Several of our live ftock died, either by the cold or the fpray of the fea, fo that we were in danger of lofing the whole of this invaluable prefervative of health. Not only the greater part of the miflionaries were fea-lick, but fome of our feamen alfo. Mrs. Eyre, already exhaufted by continued ill nefs, feemed unable long to fuftain thefe greater trials ; and refpeóting thofe who were not fick, they, and likewife the crew, felt the uncomfortable elfeéts of fuch bad weather. Being thus fituated, the captain was appre-

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henfive that in perfevering in our endeavours to double Cape Horn, our raw, unfeafoned company of landmen, women, and children, might fall vidlims to the repeated dorms and colder weather, which we might expedt to meet with in the attempt : alfo, after doing our heft, the certainty of getting round, in our circumdances, was doubtful, as in the cafe of Bligh and others, whofe efforts, after long druggies, proved in vain.

Therefore the captain, after deliberately weighing thefe and the connedled circumftances, relinquiflied a plan, which to execute required a fhip’s crew of hardy failors, unaccompanied by tender women and children, and adopted the refolution of going the eaftern paffage ; that is, to pafs a few degrees fouth of the Cape of Good Hope, to fail to the foulhward of the fouth cape of New Holland and New Zealand, keeping in the track of the wefterly winds till near the meridian of Otaheite, and then to deer to the northward for that idand.

At noon we obferved in lat. 39“ 2' S. long. 50° W. Immediately afterwards we bore away, fetting what fail the drip could bear ; and this we certainly had good reafon to do, conddering that before we could reach Otaheite by the draighted courfe, we mud run not lefs than fourteen thoufand miles ; whereas, from our prefent dation, to go by way of Cape Horn, the didance did not exceed feven thoufand miles ; and I am perfuaded, that to fome on board the dedre to fail round the world was more than a counterpoife to the difficulties which might attend our paffage round that cape. But fince it is proper, that in all cafes felf-gratification ought to give place to the bed-devifed means of obtaining the principal ends of our employment, fo now all were fully fatisfied that the late adopted mea-fures were for the bed.

The fea running tremendoufiy high, we were apprehendve of being pooped by it, or otherwife receiving damage, therefore Ihaped our courfe right before it, deering N.E. by E. and E.N.E. till it

gradually became fmoother. In the courfe of the firft four days wc ran fix hundred and forty miles by our log, and were then detained for a while by eafterly winds.

But to particularize the various occurrences of fo long a paffage, where the objedts which prefent themfelves have already been largely treated of by men of ability and {kill in natural hiftory, would afford but little entertainment, and tedious repetitions of winds and weather only tire the patience ; therefore fhall deem it fufficient to notice briefly the progrefs we made from time to time. Our miffionary journals will fill the chafm.

December 5th. Our religious exercifes have hitherto not been interrupted; we have maintained the regulated daily fervices between decks when we could not alfemble on the quarter. This day we met our dear friends in England at their hour of prayer, and fent up our petitions in union with tlieirs to the throne of grace for the fuccefs of all miffionary labours.

6th. Freffi breezes ; ran eight or nine knots an hour.. How great are his mercies !

8th. A great head fea; faw feveral whales playing around ; fome-times they approached very near, clofe under the ftern, when we could obferve them diftindlly, as they came to the furface to breathe, throwing up the water to a vaft height with a tremendous noife. We were ftruck with awe and folemnity—How wonderful and manifold are thy works, O God ! Heaven, earth, and fea, declare thy glory : “ Let every thing which hath breath praife the Lord.”

The climate here, though advancing to the midfl: of fummer, ap-. peared to us cold as in England in the midft of winter.

The gale ftill blew from the weft with unabated violence : an awful fea running mountains high ; the clouds hanging low, thick, and gloomy; the fhip fcudding before the wind with furprifing eafe and fwiftnefs, and {hipping very little water, confidering the greatnefs of the fea. At thofe times we truly beheld the wonders of the Lord in the great deep. The fhip fometimes feemed hid between two lofty mountains of

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water, and then elevated to the immenfe fummit. Thefe fights of the marvellous works of our God exalted our ideas of his greatnefs and glory, and increafed our joy and praife ; alTured that this awful God is our God, and all his divine perfections engaged in our behalf. We have fometimes fat on the deck with facred pleafure and compofure, viewing the towering billows on every fide, fome following us with their foaming tops, and feeming to threaten our de-Rnidtion ; but inftead of doing us any harm, only puihing us on * the faller to the haven where we would be. We were unable to celebrate the Lord’s fupper through the agitation of the veflel, and turned our ufual fervice into a meeting of prayer between decks ; there confined from the fight of the fun, and the fea making often a way over the fliip, the Lord made up every want by vouchfafing his gracious prefence—we could adopt the language of the poet :

Though by changing our courfe we Ihall lengthen our voyage ieven thoufand miles, and have two hundred and eleven degrees of longitude to run, yet the fpeed with which we advance is amazing; in the laft two days, fince Friday at midnight, we have run by the log near five hundred miles. The Lord is fending us about as he did his Ifrael of old, and no doubt for wife ends. Could we have gone round Cape Horn, we might probably have reached the place of our dellination much fooner : but we are Ihort-fighted creatures, and in the bell hands ; let his will be done, who knows how moll fafely to lead us through the deep as through a wildernefs.

The immenfe Ihoals of fiflies around us have often amufed and aftonilhed us ; fome larger marching in great pomp, followed by a train of fmaller, arid approaching clofe to the Ihip’s fides ; the

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flying.fifh rifing like a flock of birds out of the water, and often falling on board ; one fifteen inches long flew direélly againft our bell, and was taken ; they were very good eating. Thoufands of birds alfo, about the fize of pigeons, flew around us.

20th. We re-crolfed the meridian of London, and began counting our longitude eaftward ; and on the 24th that of the Cape of Good Hope, in the latitude or track of 40° 20' S. with a fine gale wefterly driving us along at the rate of eight or nine miles an hour.

24th. Chriftmas eve : fpent, fays W. P. a comfortable evening with mymeflmates, brother Shelly, brother Hodges and his wife j had a good cake of our own making, and a very nice dilh of chocolate. My mind was deeply imprefled with the remembrance of dearefl: abfent friends, whom I reprefented fitting round their fire-fide, and faying, Ah, poor fouls, where are they now !

25th. After a fermon from Ifaiah, ix. 6. the Lord’s fupper was adminiftered ; blelTed be God, I found it a very comfortable feafon.

26th. Fine weather and brilk gales j we failed two hundred and forty miles the lafl: twenty-four hours.

29th. Obferved an eclipfe of the fun of about three hours continuance ; three parts being obfcured, it produced a perceptible darknefs.

The miflionaries were now applying themfelves to the Otaheitean language, the moft diligent giving pleafing proofs of their defire and aptnefs to acquire it. A part of each day was alfo appropriated to reading the Rev. Mr. Greatheed’s account of the South-Sea iflands: this they fly led Miflionary Geography; from thence deriving confiderable knowledge: their minds alfo became more exercifed, and a difference of opinion gradually increafed concerning the propriety of their feparating, and which group appeared the mofl eligible and fafe to fettle in: fome preferred the Friendly Ifles, others Otaheite. John Harris alone was for the Marquefas ; he had long ago made that choice, and flill remained unfliaken in his refolution, defiring only to have one or two to accompany him ; and for that purpofe

[1796. was now ufing his intereft with the young men, few of whom as yet feemed inclined to fettle at the Marquefas. In confequence of the probability of fuch a feparation taking place, a meeting of the whole body of mißionaries was held, when, after a long converfation, it was moved, “ That eight perfons and the chairman (the captain) ‘ ‘ be chofen to draw up a code of church government for the future “ conduót of their little fociety, together with certain religious “ principles, to be figned by every individual.”—Agreed. The fame day the following perfons were chofen by ballot to compofe thé committee : viz. Bowell, Buchanan, Cover, Henry, Jefferfon, Lewis, Main, and Shelly.

At another meeting it was moved, “ That two days in the week, Tuefdays and Thurfdays, an hour and half each, be appointed for “ the difeuffion of fome dodrinal part of God’s word. The text “ of fcripture to be appointed by a moderator, chofen out of the “ body, who fhall publicly declare the text at leaf! two days be-“ fore the time of difeuffion ; the members to fpeak in rotation, and not to exceed a quarter of an hour each, and to divide the text under “ proper heads, which fhall be committed unto paper, and a copy “ of the fame to be delivered to the moderator.”—Agreed. Mr. Lewis chofen firft moderator. The defign of this plan was to improve the young men in the method of arranging their thoughts, and to excite them to a more diligent fearch into the fcriptures. It was moved alfo, at the fame meeting, “ That Meffrs. Henry and “ Kelfo do, in conjunélion with the ordained minifters, join in the “ regular difpenfation of the word of God.”—This was likewife agreed to.

Refpedting the health of both miffionaries and crew, we may all (two or three excepted) fay that we have enjoyed that bleffing abundantly. Mr. Clode was lately attacked with a fevere fever, and for fome time delirious, but now in a way of recovery ; and Mr. Buchanan, having I'uffered continually by fea-ficknefs, was at pre-fent brought very low, and for fome days confined to his bed, by a

Jan.] . TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;47 painful coftive complaint, which long refilled the power of medicine ; while his getting worfe every day increafed the concern all on board felt, through fear of lofing this humble and devoted miflionary. But to our great joy, December 29th, at the time when we thought him expiring, he obtained relief, and afterwards gradually recovered. His happy experience of God’s love, and joy of hope through all his illnefs, was a fingular comfort and encouragement to all the brethren.

January ift, 1797. Little did we apprehend on this day laft year what was the decree of the Lord concerning us. We have now failed twelve thoufand miles.

Come, my foul, a year is gone, And thyfelf may’ll truly moan ; Small the fruit to God is found, Too much like the barren ground.

This new year may be my laft. Former years are gone and pall ; Come, my foul, arife and pray. Trim thy lamp this new-year’s day.

2d. We were now making rapid advances towards the defired ifland 7 but little remarkable occurred.—The aquatic birds, which had daily vifited us in great numbers fince we came into this fea, feemed now to have left us, fo that for fome days we hardly faw one of any kind. Whales were playing round the fhip, and it is probable that, had they been objedls of our voyage, we might have caught fome of the many we faw. There were feveral of the brethren who took great delight in (landing with harpoons in their hands, watching opportunities to (Irike the porpoifes that were ufually fporting under the bows, and one day Mr. Smith had the fuccefs to (Irike one, the blubber of which produced four gallons of good oil.

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the articles of faith and rules of church government. As yet no ferions difference of fentiment had arifen among the milhonaries : one now commenced regarding thofe points of doólrine which have too often, and with too great afperity, divided the church of the living God. It had been the great objeól with the direólors to prevent as much as pofTible diverfity of opinion among the brethren, being confcious on whichever fide the truth might be found in the abftrufer points of theological tenets, that all difputes among the teachers themfelves fhould be guarded with the greateft precaution.

As the diredtors held the dodfrinal articles of the. church of England in the fenfe ufually termed Calviniftic, and in correfpondence with the opinion of their brethren in Scotland, contained in the Af-fembly’s catechifm j it was an original decifion, that none fhould be fent out as miffionaries, who did not make a clear and explicit con-feffion of their faith, agreeable to this rule. We had every reafon to believe that all the miffionaries were of one mind j but it now appeared, on the difcuffion, that two of the thirty had entertained principles different from the reft, which occafioned fome debate. The general fenfe of the body was, that it would be injurious to the work to continue thofe as fellow-helpers whofe difference of fentiment from their brethren might produce unhappy effedls among the heathen. However, after a variety of conferences on the fubjedt, con-dudfed with the greateft calmnefs, the two who had differed from the reft acknowledged that they had received convidfion from the arguments of their brethren, admitted the impropriety of their con-dud:, and were accordingly reftored to fellowffiip, and as much honoured and refpedled as ever. We remark this as a moft happy trait of Chnftian confidence j and none have ffiewn themfelves more faithful to the caufe, nor has the fmalleft difference fince arifen between them on the fubjedl.

29th. We paired the meridian of the fouth cape of New Holland; and on the 14th of February were thirty-two leagues to the fouth-ward of the fouth cape of New Zealand. On the 15th we were nearly

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antipodes to our friends in London. The day following a fea broke againft our ftern, dallied one of the windows to pieces, and fpoiled feveral books in thecabin.

17th. We met with as heavy a ftorm from the eaftward as any we had before experienced j the fea around us ran mountainoufly, and the rain poured heavily upon us for about eight hours. However, as we were all in good health, the effeäs of it were but little felt. This was in lat. 31° 30' S. and long. 209° 30' E.

The fenfations of the miflionaries on this occafion their own journals will beft tell. This was the moft fevere and awful ftorm we had yet experienced. The fea ran mountains high, but our little and incomparable bark, with which our God hath bleffed us, lay to under her main-ftayfail, and mounted over the waves like a duck with feathers. We were blefled with a calm and ferene ftate of mind, and enabled to caft our care upon God, which we did in a fweet prayermeeting between decks. In the evening the wind died away, and the lovely ftars fhewed their faces. Appointed Tuefday next to fign the articles, and obferve a day of public thankfgiving for the fignal and wonderful mercies we had received.

It is remarkable', that through the voyage the Lord has ufually ftnt us moderate weather on the fabbath days, fo that our folemnities have been feldom interrupted.

a I ft. The articles of faith and rules of church government being completed and approved by the whole of the brethren, they, at a meeting this day, figned the fame, and held a day of thankfgiving. A feparation becoming now more and more probable, they began teaching each other the little handicraft arts they were mafters of, fuppofing fuch might be ferviceable when they parted. Dr. Gillham gave likewife ledures upon a prepared fkeleton of the human body, and inftruétcd them in the ufe of the medicines.

This afternoon we experienced a remarkable interference of Divine Providence in our favour. The pitch-kettle being placed on the fire by 'the carpenter whilft calking the decks, the man who was left

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in care of it fufïèred it to boil over : immediately it blazed up with furprifing fury ; he had, however, the prefence of mind to lift it off the fire, and prevent the dreaded conflagration. Though the caboufe was fo dry, and the forefail hanging down over it, which muft have inflantly communicated the flames to the rigging, through the goodnefs of God no harm was done, and the fire put out in an inftant. O, the wonders of his care, who hath faid, “ he that “ toucheth you, toucheth the apple of my eye.”

Ninety-feven days had now paffed fince we left Rio Janeiro, and except one veffel which we met with a week after our departure. We had not in all this time feen either fhip or fhore, and had failed, by our log, thirteen thoufand eight hundred and twenty miles, a greater di fiance probably than was ever before run without touching at any place for refrefliment, or feeing land. But at length, tired with beholding only a vacant horizon, and the familiar objedls the fea daily prefented to our view, all began to look with eager expeélation of defcrying a South-Sea ifland ; which, even in the minds of thofe whofe reafon and intelligence informed them better, fancy had figured as differing from all the lands or iflands on which they had ever fixed their eyes before. However, the time was now arrived when this curiofity was' to be in part gratified. About feven in the morning Toobouai was difcovered from the fore-yard by one of the feamen, bearing S. E. by E. eight or nine leagues off, fhewing at this difiance like two feparate iflands, but on our near approach the low land which conneds the hills appeared. The wind at N. E. being unfavourable, we flood towards the ifland, but the fun fet before we got fufficiently near to difcern the natives ; neither did we fee any canoes. The wind at this time fhifting to E. by S. we laid our courfe upon the ftarboard tack, and failing along the weftern fide pretty near the fliore, though in the dufk of the evening, faw that a border of low land ran from the fkirts of the hills, and upon it abundance of cocoa-nut and other trees. The fea was breaking violently on the reefs., efpecially to the N. E. where they extend a long way off.

It is now fourteen weeks fince we laft faw the land, which was Rio Janeiro, and it muft be confelTed, it is very delightful to behold ; though we were not in any want of it, neither has our voyage been attended with any inconvenience. The Lord, in providence, has fupplied our neceffities in a moft wonderful manner. Blefled be God, we have not found the want of a drop of good water to quench our third, nor bread, amp;c. to fatisfy our hunger, and here we are all the living monuments of his mercy to praife him.

The wind blew frcih from Toobouai, and the intention of our captain was not to go near this ifland; but, for the fake of fome who were defirous of feeing it, we tacked to windward, and towards evening got within a few miles of it : he thought it not prudent to land on account of the natives being prejudiced againft the Englifh. through the mutineers of the fhip Bounty, who had deftroyed near a hundred of them. But we truft to vifit them at fome future time, to remove their prejudice with the glad tidings of the gofpel of peace.

This ifland was difcovered by Captain Cook in the year 1777; and upon it the unhappy Fletcher Chriftian, with his companions, the rnutineers of the Bounty, attempted a fettlement in 1789. They had with them fome of the natives of Otaheite, and live flock of different forts. Notwithflanding the oppofition they met with from the natives on their firfl arrival, they warped the fhip through the only opening in the reef} then landing, chofe a fpot of ground, built a fort thereon, and taking their live flock on fliore, they intended, had the natives proved friendly to their flay, to have de-flroyed the Bounty and fixed themfelves there ; but their own unruly' condudl alienated the natives from them, who withheld their wo-men, which they were ready to feize by violence : they excited the jcaloufy of the chiefs by a friendfhip formed with one of them in preference to the reflj they were difunited among themfelves, and many longed for Otaheite : they refolved to leave Toobouai, and carry with them all the live flock which they had brought, the benefit of

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which the Toobouaians began to underftand, and were unwilling to fee them again all colleded and removed. This caufcd the fir fl brawl between the Otaheitean fervants, who were driving in the hogs, and the natives. Infolence and want of gentlenefs and conciliation, led to all the bloody confequences which enfued. The natives were numerous, and fought with great courage, forcing the mutineers to avail themfelves of a ri fing ground, where, with their fuperior /kill, the advantage of fire-arms, and the aid of the Ota-heiteans, who fought bravely on this occafion, they at laft came oft' vidlorious, with only one or two of themfelves wounded, whilft the 'dead bodies of the Toobouaians covered the fpot, and were afterwards thrown up in three or four heaps. Thus finding that no peaceable fettlement was now to be obtained in this place, they re-Ihipped the live flock, abandoned their fort, and taking their friendly chief on board with them, weighed anchor and fleered towards Ohaitapëha bay in the ifland of Otaheite. On their paffage thither, it is faid, Chriftian became very melancholy, confining himfelf to the cabin, and would hardly fpeak a word to any perfon ; lamenting, moft probably, that the refolutions he had formed without deliberation, and executed with rafh hafte, had now involved his own life and thofe of his adherents in mifery. As foon as they anchored in Ohaitapëha bay at Otaheite, thofe who wifhed to ftay there went on fhore ; but nine of the mutineers, and alfo fome of the native men and women, remained on board. With thefe, Chriftian cutting the cable in the night, put to fea, and fleering to the N.W. has never been heard of fince.

Here it may be proper, before we approach the deftined ifland, to notice the fteps which the brethren were taking, and what new regulations were made previous to their arrival. Near feven months were elapfed fince they embarked at Bl'ackwall, during which time it is reafonable to fuppofe, that, being clofely penned together in a fliip, they were now become well acquainted with each other’s tempers and difpofitions, and that a fimilarity in thefe would naturally attradl

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peculiar regard and fricndfhip. Several of the brethren having hinted to the captain which group of iflands they preferred, the feniors, who had always declared for Otaheite, requefted that each one fhould be obliged, on a day appointed, to fignify in writing the place to which he wifhed to go, and fign the fame with his name. To this the captain replied, that they might do fo if they pleafed j but that he himfelf would act as clofely agreeable to the difcretionary inftruc-tions given by the directors as future circumftances would allow.

By our progrefs to the eaft, the monthly prayer-meeting had been held on Tuefday morning, a quarter before feyen, to correspond with our brethren at home, who met on Monday evening. A fpirit of prayer and fupplication feemed evidently poured out upon us in behalf of the poor heathen j every heart expanded with love, and glowed with ardent defires to proclaim falvation to them through the blood of the Lamb.

Having frequently difculfed the fubjecl of the feparation of the brethren among the three groups of iflands, the Marquefas, the Society, and Friendly Iflands ; February 27th, being the day appointed, the fociety met, and the bufinefs of the day was opened in the ufual manner,. when there appeared for each group as in the following lift :

The above bufinefs being fettled, the captain intimated to thofe intended for Otaheite, that, as we were drawing near that ifland, it would be proper for them to choofe their committee and prefident. This they accordingly proceeded to do ; Mr. Jefferfon was elected prefident by a great majority, and Melf. Cover, Lewis, Henry, and Broomhall, to compofe the committee. Mr. Cover was appointed fecretary and ftore-keeper, and Lewis librarian. It was then agreed, that the prefident, fecretary, amp;c. fhould hold their office for fix months, and that the committee ffiould go out by rotation, one every three months. Matters being thus fettled, they began to encourage each other to enter without fear upon their work, and by a zealous and Ready perfeverance therein to ma ni fed themfelves worthy of the high charadlers of miffionaries.

Our paffage from Toobouai was much longer than we expedled, owing to variable winds from the N.W quarter and very unfettled weather.

March ifi. From two o’clock in the afternoon till four it rained exceffively hard j more than a tun of water was caught, which gave the miffionaries afterwards an opportunity of wafliing their linen»

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and putting it in order previous to their landing. From four until feven was an interval of fair weather ; but now the clouds gathering thick, and wearing a gloomy afpedl, a moft alarming night commenced : orders were given to furl every fail except the forefail, and, hauling it clofe, we lay to. The rain began heavier than before, accompanied, from nine till midnight, with fharp vivid lightning and awful claps of thunder, which, on account of its nearnefs, fhook the Duff at every clap. The rain, attended with fqualls, continued till three in the morning ; then abated. The fea was not high, neither was the wind very violent ; neverthelefs the darknefs and con-fliél of the elements formed a night fo truly difmal, that all on board confeffed they had never witnefled the like before. We therefore, fay the miffionaries, took to the wings of faith, and fled to the God of our mercies ; and when we had fung an hymn, committing our-felves to the proteólion of the Moft High, we retired to reft. The next morning we returned our folemn and grateful thanks for the proteólion of that night.

After the ftorm nothing material occurred till Saturday morning, March 4th, when we beheld the long-wifhed-for ifland of Otaheite, but at a great diftance. At noon the extremity of the lefler peninfula bore from N. by W. to N. j W. twelve or fourteen leagues off: with the wind at N.E. we ftood towards it until ten at night, then tacked three or four miles fouth of the reefs off Atahooröo, and ftanding off and on till daylight, fleered to go between the weft end of the ifland and Eimeo.

The captain has mentioned in converfation what we cannot wifli fhould be omitted, that the conflidls he endured upon this near approach to the place of his deftination are not to be defcribed ; he felt fomething of that travailing in birth which St. Paul mentions ; and his anxiety refpedling his brethren and their reception was a burden almoft too heavy for him to bear—happily a gracious God quickly delivered him out of all his fears..

The morning was pleafant, and with a gentle breeze we had by feven o’clock got abreaft of the diftridt of Atahooröo, whence we faw feveral canoes putting off and paddling towards us with great , fpeed i at the fame time it fell calm, which being in their favour, we foon counted feventy-four canoes around us, many of them double ones, containing about twenty perfons each. Being fo numerous, we endeavoured to keep them from crowding on board; but in fpite of all our efforts to prevent it, there were foon not lefs than one hundred of them dancing and capering like frantic perfons about our decks, crying, “ Tayo ! tayo!” and a few broken fen-tences of Englilh were often repeated. They had no weapons of any *

' kind among them ; however, to keep them in awe, fome of the great guns were ordered to be hoifted out of the hold, whilft they, as free from the apprehenfion as the intention of mifchief, cheerfully aflifted to put them on their carriages. When the firft ceremonies were over, we began to view our new friends with an eye of inquiry : their wild diforderly behaviour, ftrong fmell of the cocoa-nut oil, together with the tricks of the arreoies, leffened the favourable opinion we had formed of them ; neither could we fee aught of that elegance and beauty in their women for which they have been fo greatly celebrated. This at firfl feemed to depreciate them in the eflimation of our brethren ; but the cheerfulnefs, good-nature, and generofity of thefe kind people foon removed the momentary preju-

dices. One very old man, Männe Manne, who called himfelf a prieft of the Eatooa, was very importunate to he tayo with the captain ; Others, pretending to be chiefs, fingled out fuch as had the appearance of officers for their tayos ; but as they neither exercifed authority over the unruly, nor bore the fmalleft mark of diftinólion, we thought proper to decline their propofals till we knew them and the nature of the engagement better. At this they feemed afto-niffied, but ftill more when they faw our indifference about the hogs, fowls, and fruit, which they had brought in abundarjee. We endeavoured to make them underftand, but I think in vain, that this was the day of the Eatooa, and that in it we durft not trade : but their women repulfed, occafioned greater wonder. They continued to go about the. decks till the tranfports of their joy gradually fub-fided, when many of them left us of their own accord, and others were driven away by the old man, and one named Mauröa, who now exercifed a little authority. Thofe who remained were chiefly arreoies from Ulietëa, in number about forty ; and being brought to order, the brethren propofed having divine fervice upon the quarterdeck. Mr. Cover officiated ; he perhaps was the firft that ever mentioned with reverence the Saviour’s name to thefe poor heathens. Such hymns were feleéled as’ had the moft harmonious tunes ; firft, “ O’er the gloomy hills of darknefs ƒ’ then, “ Blow ye the trum-“ pet, blow j” and at the conclufion, “ Praife God from whom all bleffings flow.” The text was from the firft epiftle general of John, chap. iii. ver. 23. “ God is love.” The whole fervice lafted about an hour and a quarter. During fermon and prayer the natives were quiet and thoughtful ; but when the finging ftruck up, they feemed charmed and filled • with amazement ; fometimes they would talk and laugh, but a nod of the head brought them to order. Upon the whole, their unweariednefs and quietnefs were aftoniftiing ; and, indeed, all who heard obferved a peculiar folemnity and excellence in Mr. Cover’s addrefs on that day.

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Wc had hitherto received very unfatisfadlory anfwers to our inquiries after the Matilda’s crew ; but at lad faw two of them coming in a canoe : thefe were Swedes, drelTed in the teboöta and märo as the natives, and tattowed alfo about the legs and arms : having got on board they were called into the cabin, and gave the following account of themfelves :—The youngeft, named Andrew Cornelius Lind, about thirty years of age, a native of Stockholm, faid, that after the lofs of the Matilda they took to the boats, and bearing down towards Otaheite, landed on the 6th of March 1792, on the fouth fide of the ifland ; they were immediately plundered of all they had, but afterwards treated kindly by the natives. Since that, the captain and moft of the crew had gone homeward by different methods : fix of them decked one of their boats, and fet off towards New Holland j but it was improbable they would ever reach thither. The other, whofe name is Peter Haggerffein, aged forty, a native of Elfinfors in Swedifh Finland, was left here by Captain New of the Dædalus. They both fpoke tolerably good Englifia, and being well acquainted with the Otaheitean tongue, we entertained a hope that they would prove of great fervice.

From them we learnt, that the old man who was fo folicitous to have the captain for a tayo, had formerly been king of Ulietëa, was a near relation of the royal family, and of confiderable confequence in the iflands, being chief prieft over Otaheite and Eimëo. Upon this, Männe Manne was invited into the cabin and treated kindly. He now redoubled his importunities to gain the captain for his friend, who defired him to wait till to-morrow, when he would con-fider of it. The Swedes further informed us, that the former Otoo had transferred his name and tile of Eäree rähie (or king) to his fon, and had now affumed the name of Pomarre : that in a conteft about twenty months ago with Temärre, the chief of all the fouth fide of the greater peninfula, Pomärre’s party prevailed, and fubjeded his adverfary to a ftate of dependance, and foon after Tiaraboo was con-

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quered ; and thus the whole ifland became fubjeél to him, or rather to his fon Otoo, and has remained fo ever fince. Motuâra, the chief of Eimêo, being dead, Pomarre laid claim to the government of that ifland ; and having only the widow of the deceafed to contend with, was, after a few Ikirmiflies, acknowledged as chief, or king. Thus was the power of Pomarre and his fon Otoo fo greatly increafed, that none dared any longer to difpute their authority.

6th. About thirty of the natives, chiefly arreoies, intending to go to Mataväi, remained on board all the night, and part of the following day, till we anchored in the bay ; as did the two Swedes ; and flept on the deck. The milfionaries watched; all perfectly quiet. At daybreak the old prieft awoke, and being impatient to fecure the tayofliip with the captain, awoke him alfo. There was now no refufing him any longer, as even good policy was on his fide ; therefore they exchanged names, and Manne Manne, wrapping a long piece of cloth around the captain, and putting a teböota over his head, requefted for himfelf a mufket, fome fliot and gunpowder : but being told that none of thefe were to fpare, and that he flhiould be amply repaid for what friendly offices he might do us, he feemed fatisfied. All the forenoon was employed in working up without the reefs of Oparre ; but gaining little ground, at one P. M. we came to anchor in Mataväi bay. Point Venus bearing N. E. by E. and One Tree hill S. i W. diflant from the beach about three quarters of a mile. We had not been long at anchor, when all the arreoies, both men and women, fprung into the water and fwam to the fhore» their place, however, was foon fupplied by others, who furrounded the fllip with hogs, fruit, and other articles ; of thefe we took a little for prefent ufe; but the old prieft having promifed to fupply all our wants by next morning, confequently little was done in the trading way.

Almoft the whole afternoon it rained hard till near four o’clock, 'when we had fome intervals of fair weather; then the captain, Männe Manne, the two Swedes, with brother Cover, Henry, and

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a few more of the miffionaries, went on fhore in order to examine a large houfe Handing on the extremity of Point Venus. They called it E Fwharre no Prîtane (the Britilh Houfe), and faid it had been built by Pomärre for Captain Bligh, who had faid he Ihould come back and refide there. It is a large and fpacious building of an oblong figure, one hundred and eight feet long and forty-eight wide. In the middle are four large wooden pillars about eighteen feethigh, on which the ridge-tree is fupported. About three feet within the fides Hand pillars all round, about nine feet long, and fix feet diftant from each other. On the top of thefe a plank is let down, which runs round the whole houfe} from thence to the ridge large poles are fet up, and handfomely bound round with fine matting about eighteen inches afunder : on this the thatch is laid, of palm-tree leaves moft beautifully worked. About one foot from thefe pillars, on the outfide, runs a Ikreen of bamboo all round, except about twenty feet in the middle on both fides.—Thus hath the Lord appeared to fet before us an open door, which we trufi: none fhall henceforth be able to fhut.

The chief of the diftridt (an old man named Pytëah) welcomed them to the ifland, faid that the houfe was theirs, and Ihould be cleared for their reception the next day. He then fhewed them the pidlure of Captain Cook, upon the back of which were written the names of his Majefty’s Ihips and their commanders who had vifited Matavai fince that great navigator’s time. The natives on Ihore feemed tranfported with the idea of men coming purpofely from Pre-tane to fettle among them : this fet thofe miffionaries off who were to fix here, in very high fpirits.

7th. Männe Manne was as good as his word, coming early alongfide with three hogs, fome fowls, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and a quantity of their cloth j the whole intended as a prefent for his tayo, the captain. He made a long oration, defcriptive of all the Ihips and captains which had touched ât Otaheite, with the names of the gods of Ulietëa j but faid, that Otaheite had none but from him,

acknowledging the Britifh God to be the heft, and that he fhould requeft Otoo to worlhip him, and to order the people to do the fame.

Soon after Peter the Swede arrived from a diftant part of the ifland with more fruit, and a remarkably large hog, the two fides of which, exclufive of the head and entrails, weighed three hundred and forty pounds ; it had on each fide of its mouth two large tufks ; for ufe it was far too fat for us, and as many fmall pigs were brought in the courfe of the day, but little of it was eaten.

Männe Manne, the aged high-prieft, had brought five of his wives with him on board, not one of which exceeded fifteen years old, and defired he might fleep in the cabin ; and, according to the cuftom of the country, very cordially defired Captain Wilfon, his tayo, to take his choice, and could hardly perfuade himfelf he was ferions in declining the offer ; nor failed the next morning to inquire of them which he had chofen. This brought on a converfation on the nature of their cuftoms j the captain explained to the old prieft, how little fuch a ftate of polygamy was fuited to happinefs j that no woman could be either fo attached, faithful, affedlionate, or careful to promote domeftic felicity, as where the heart was fixed on one objeét without a rival. The old prieft did not at all relifh this doctrine, and faid, fuch was not the cuftom of Otaheite ; but the ladies highly approved, and faid the Pritane cuftom was my ty, my ty, very good.

Männe Manne was now very defirous for us to go to Eimëo with the fhip, and there land the miflionaries under his’protecftion, making ufe of all his rhetoric to perfuade the captain, and bringing the two Swedes, whom he feems to have much under his command, to prove that Pomärre never acfted honourably by the Englifh, or any other, after he had done with their fervices ; that themfelves had affifted him in his wars, had been the principal inftruments of his fuccefs} but, fince his turn was ferved, he would hardly give them a fmall hog. This, and all they urged, might have gained credit with us, as all the late voyagers have related incidents which mark

this chief’s charaéler with felfiflinefs ; but, on the other fide, it might be inferred, that thefe Swedes, after they had lent their af-fifiance, might be unreafonable, and even infolent in their demands, and by fuch condudl render it neceflary for Pomärre to treat them with bare civility only. Therefore, concluding them prejudiced, and the old priefi; only arguing from views of intereft, it was refolved, that as Otaheite was the moll eligible ifland, the fet-tlement fhould firfl; be made there ; and the friendIhip and protection of Pomärre and his fon Otoo be courted by kindnefs and attachment to his intereft, to be exprelTed and Ihewn on every occafion ; but never to take any part in their wars, except as mediators.—In the interval of fair weather, betwixt flay break and eight o’clock, we pur-chafed a few things from the canoes alongfide, merely to pleafe them; for the liberality of our friends had left us no other plea.

The rain beginning again as violent as before, prevented the mif-fionaries landing till near eleven in the forenoon ; when the captain, Mr. Jefferfon (prefident), with a few more of the milfionaries, went on fliore, accompanied by Männe Manne and Peter. The natives had aflTembled upon the beach to the number of four or five hundred, and as the boat approached fome ran into, the water, and laying hold of her hauled her aground ; then took the captain and milfionaries on their backs, and carried them dry on fliore. They were received by-the young king (Otoo) and his wife Tetua, both carried on men’s flioulders ; each took the captain by the hand, and in dumb filence furveyed him attentively, looking in his face and minutely examining every part of his drefs : they beheld the brethren alfo with much the fame curiofity* The queen opened Mr. Cover’s fliirt at the breaft and fleeves, and feemed aftonifhed at fo clear a fight of the blue veins. That this fliould be the cafe now, after fo many vifits from Europeans, may furprife fome; but let fuch con-fider, that though the oldefl; and the middle-aged have been fully gratified in thefe refpeCts, the young ones have as yet feen very little ; for there could be but fmall difference between themfelves and the

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dark complexions of the naked fliipwrecked failors who had lately taken refuge amongft them.

The captain now informed the king, through Peter as interpreter, that our only inducement for leaving Prëtane to come and vifit them was to do them good, by intruding them in the beft and moft ufeful things ; and for this end, fome good men of our number intended to fettle among -them j requiring, on their part, the free gift of a piece of land fuIBciently ftocked with breadfruit and cocoa-nut trees, and fo large as to contain a garden and admit of houfes being built upon it ; that this land fhould be their own; that they would not, on any account, intermeddle in their wars, nor employ their arms but for felf-defence ; and at all times fhould live free and unmolefted among them : to which if he con-fented, they would ftay on the ifand; if not, they would go elfewhere. Much pains were taken to make this plain ; but as Otoo appears to be a vacant-looking perfon, I doubt whether he under-ftooJ the half of it, though he fignified the large houfe was our own, and we might take what land we pleafed.

After this, Männe Manne flood up in the middle of the ring, and made a long fpeech, paffing many encomiums on Prëtane. When all was over, the king, ftill holding the captain by the hand, led him to the houfe, thence to the beach, and fo on ; till, tired, he requefted to return on board. When arrived at the boat, Otoo defired to hear the mulkets fired, and, to gratify him, the four they had were dif-charged twice j with which compliment he feemed highly pleafed.

After dinner Otoo and his wife came off, each in a fmall canoe, with only one man paddling : whilft they went feveral times round the fhip, the queen was frequently baling her canoe with a cocoa-nut Ihell. This may help to form an idea of what a queen is in Otaheite. They would not venture on board, becaufe wherefoever they come is deemed facred, none daring to enter there afterwards except their proper domeftics.

He appears tall and well made, about feventeen; his queen handfome and finely proportioned, about the fame age, and always carried about, on Ihore, on men’s fhoulders. The king appears thoughtful, fpeaks little, but furveys things with attention. The miffionaries fuppofed fomething majeftic in his appearance, but the captain thought him flupid, and to difcover little capacity. As he paddled round the fhip he was offered the compliment of firing the great guns, but he begged us not, as he was afraid, and the noife would hurt his ears.

Knowing there were women and children on board, they expreffed a wifh to fee them, and when they walked to the fhip’s fide to fhew themfelves, they fet up a cry of admiration and wonder. The fky darkening, they made towards fhore. We had loofed our fails to dry, and before we could furl them there came on fuddenly a fmart fquall from the N. E. attended with heavy rain, lightning, and thunder ; while it lafted, the fhip drove about a cable’s length, from thirteen fathoms into ten.

At a meeting of the committee it was refolved, that, as the houfe was now clear, they fhould land this evening, in order to prepare for the reception of the women ; but the rain continuing, prevented.

8th. It rained hard all the morning till about nine o’clock, when it cleared up, and the miffionaries went on fhore with their chefts and beds, and took poffeffion of their houfe. By the captain’s defire, “ I,” fays Mr. Wm. Wilfon, “ followed to aflift them in planning their “ feparate apartments. A vaft concourfe of the natives had gathered “ on the beach, watching who fiiould land in the pinnace; among “ them were Otoo and his wife, carried upon men’s fhoulders, as on “ the preceding day. This, I underftand, is always the cuftom “ wh;n they go beyond the precinóts of their dwelling. The queen “ ufed the fame freedoms with me as fhe had done the day before “ with Mr. Cover, and, when gratified, put my fliirt neck and “ fleeves again in order. With one holding each hand, I was led “ about for a confiderable time, and might perhaps have been fo

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“ moft of the day, had I not intimated that I had bufinefs to do “ within the houfe. He immediately walked with me to the door, , ‘ but would not enter, becaufe the houfe would then become facred “ to himfelf.

However, before he let me go, he introduced a woman named “ Whyerîdde, the fifter of Iddeah, and alfo wife of Pomärre; her “ Otoo wilhed me to take as a tayo. And confidering that I was “ but a tranfient vifitor, who knew not how far a refufal might “ difoblige him, I confented to exchange names, and was imme-“ diately wrapped in cloth; befides, in the courfe of the day, feveral “ hogs, both alive and ready drelTed, were fent me as prefents.”

The firft thing we fet about with the houfe was to clofe it quite round with the thicker fort of bamboo, fixing a door on each fide, and by this means to keep the natives from crowding fo much upon us. The feveral births or apartments were next planned, and partitions of fmaller bamboo begun ; but in confequence of the great diftance the natives had to go up the valley for thefe bamboos, the work went but flowly on ; though one man dripped his own houfe to fupply us. In the arrangement, the married people had a part of one fide to themfelves, and the fingle men the other fide : all thefe apartments were at one end, and chofen by lot. Next to them were marked out a ftore-room, library, and a place for the dodor and his medicines. To enclofe the whole, a partition went from fide to fide, with two lock doors. The remaining fpace was left for a chapel, and into it the outer doors opened.

Several of the arreoies of Ulietëa having arrived here about the fame time as we did with the fliip, they with their hëivas made much the fame ftir in Matavai as a company of drolling players often do in the fmall villages of our own country. Probably the hopes of pleafing the Englifii drangers was alfo a fpur to their exertion, for either in our fight or our hearing they were engaged the whole day in fome fport or other. In the afternoon they colledled in great numbers before the door of our houfe, and began a kind of box-fighting or

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wrellling. Firft forming a ring, within it Rood about a dozen of the ftouteft fellows, with their backs to the crowd and faces towards each other. Then the game began with an adl of defiance or challenge, made by beating heavy flrokes with the flat hand upon the left arm above the elbow, where this part was quite black with the repeated flrokes it had received. At lafl one fleps forward to the centre of the circle; another, who thinks himfelf an equal match, advances to meet him ; fometimes only a fmart blow or two enfues before they fall back again into their places. At another time, after advancing and gazing at each other for a while, one will fuddenly plump the top of his head into the face of his opponent, and this caufing him to retire in the dumps, fets all the crowd a-laughing. The worfl of the game is, when one gets an advantageous hold of his adverfary : a fevere wreflling then takes place, and it is only at the expenfe of -flrength, and blood, and hair, that they will fubmit to be parted.

Männe Manne fent us in three hogs ready drefled for dinner, with baked bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, amp;c. He laid them on a large piece of cloth, and invited us to fall to, but not before we had called upon God to biefs it. We found it very good, though we had yet neither dilh, fpoon, knife, fork, table, nor chair. Innumerable prefents carne in from the various chiefs who were courting our friendihip ; and we were all drefled in Otaheite cloth.

During the day the houfe was crowded with natives, which made it prudent to keep a guard over our property, though there appeared no defign nor attempt at depredation. At the approach of evening we commanded filence ; and, having fung an hymn, Mr. Jefferfon offered up prayer to our Lord : during the fervice the natives behaved very orderly and attentive. At night we requefled them to retire, and return in the morning, which they did in the mofl peaceable manner, and we received not the leafl diflurbance from them. We then held- our ufual daily family worfhip ; and, having flipped on the plenty of provifions which remained, we retired to refl, admiring the wondrous providence of our God. Lord, thou hafl been better 4

to us than all our fears : grant us firmer faith in thy care, that we may be able to truft thee more in a future day !

How gracioufly has the Lord difplayed his arm for us fince leaving our native fhores, in traverfinga tracklefs ocean, and opening a door in thefe heathen lands, we truft, to diffufe his everlafting gofpel here. May the'Lord make us burning and fhining lights !

The king held all our hands, and fhook them, as did the queen, examining our clothes very minutely, and took particular notice of Mr. Lewis’s umbrella, which, on his expanding it to ftiew its ufe, they both made figns not to lift it over their heads, left it Ihould, according to their cuftoms, become thereby facred to their own ufe. Their attention to us is fingularly engaging.

çth» This morning the natives came to our houfe before feven o’clock, made a fire, boiled our water, and prepared the bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts. The king and queen vifited us feveral times in the courfe of the day.

This morning alfo Inna Madûa, the widow of Oreepiah (brother to Pomarre), lately deceafed, paid us a vifit, accompanied by two chief women. Oreepiah was much attached to the Englifh j and his widow, fuppofing us forry for his lofs, on entering the cabin burft into tears, and continued this exprelfion of grief till we all fympa-thized with her. However, this did not laft long ; for they foon became cheerful, breakfafted, and dined on board, as did Männe Manne, and towards evening they all went on fliore ; but as no fuit-able prefents were yet got out of the hold, they were defired to renew their vifit the next day, when fome things Ihould be in readinefs for them. Thefe, with the tayos of the crew and milfionaries, filled all parts of the fhip v/ith hogs, fruit, and cloth.

Otoo paddled round the Ihip in his canoe, as he had done the day before, and calling out for fomething to eat, the captain fent him, in one of our difhes, half of a roaft pig, and fome bifcuit, with which he fet off for the fhore, feemingly much pleafed.

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The bufinefs of the houfe did not go on to-day with much alacrity, owing to the natives flackening in their officioufnefs, fo that we got but few bamboos ; however, in the afternoon fome were difpatched, taking ''my word, as an eäree of the pahie (an officer of the Ihip), that they ffiould be rewarded for their trouble ; accordingly in the evening we had as many brought to the houfe as would keep us employed all the following day. As on board, fo at the houfe, numberlefs prefents were,brought, confifting of live hogs, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and cloth, which are their Raple articles j and befides thefe, more ready-dreffed meat was brought than the brethren and the natives employed could confume. But in the midft of this pro-fufion, fome were apprehenfive of its being followed with inconvenience and embarraffments, and therefore wholly difapproved of making tayos fo foon.

Whilft the bufinefs was going on affiore, the crew were employed in weighing the anchor, warping farther up the bay, and mooring the fhip with the two bowers. Peter, the Swede, alfo brought his canoe, and fuch things as the miffionaries firfl: wanted wgre difpatched on fhore. Thermometer 765°.

10th. The wind eafterly, moderate and pleafant weather. The people employed hoifting out of the hold and fending fundries afhore on account of the miffion.

To-day the captain landed for the purpofe of prefenting fome fhewy drefles to the young king and his wife. They met him at the beach as ufual. Peter informed him of what was intended, and, fhewing him the box wfiich contained the treafure, defired Otoo to walk towards his houfe, a temporary ffied they had ereded for the purpofe of being near our people. This was complied with ; and when they came near, the captain, flopping under a tree, ordered them to form a ring, and placing the box in the midfl, Otoo was requefled to alight, that the brethren might drefs him ; he replied. By and by, and gazed ful-lenly for a confiderable time, till the patience of the captain ^vas pretty

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well exhaufted j repeating the requeft and receiving no anfwer, they opened the box, and on taking out the drefs for the queen, ïhe inftantly alighted from the man’s fhoulder, and Otoo followed her example. The fancy cap fitted her exceedingly well, and fhe feemed very proud of it, but it was only by unripping that the other articles could be put upon her or Otoo. The captain told him that the earees of Prëtane thought he was not yet fo flout a man. Dreffed complete in this gaudy attire, the furrounding crowd gazed upon them with admiration. She, true to the foibles of her fex, appeared delighted, but Otoo thought little of them, faying an ax, a mufket, a knife, or pair of fciffars were more valuable : which was faying more for himfelf than we ex-peded, or that he had even fenfe to do.

Juft as the ceremony was ended, Männe Manne appeared before the houfe, and calling the captain to him, clothed him in a ’Taheitean drefs, putting an elegant breafl-plate over all. They then walked towards the Britifh houfe, where they found the work going on very well J and it being paft noon, the old prieft accompanied the captain on board to dinner.

11 th. The crew employed in fending fundries on fliore on account of the miffion. At the houfe they were very bufy fitting up the apartments for the women, whom it was intended to land in the afternoon. The brethren had informed the natives, that next day being the day of the Eätooa, no work would be done, nor any thing received j therefore, on this account, they brought what provifions might ferve till Monday, but were in reality fufticient to laft a week.

After dinner the pinnace was manned for the women and children, and by the captain’s defire I accompanied them on fhore. Vaft numbers of the natives crowded to the beach to gratify their curiofity, all behaving with great refpeól and very peaceable. Otoo and his wife kept for a while at a little diftance, feemingly in doubt whether he fhould approach the women ; but thinking it proper to falute him, he was a little encouraged : however, he ftill kept filence, and all the way as we walked to the houfe, gazed ftupidly, like aiiother Cymon.

The houfc was furrounded all the afternoon by the natives, who were much delighted with the two children, and fent often for them and the women to drew themfelves at the door. In the duflc of the evening they all retired ; and this, the brethren remark, they have uniformly done fince they firft landed. Orders being likewife given at the fllip for none of their canoes to come near on the Sunday, they fupplied us in the fame plentiful manner as they had done the mif-fionaries.

As Männe Manne had already diftinguiflied himfelf as a very ufeful man, befides bringing feveral hogs, fruit, amp;c. the captain, to recompenfe him in part, made him a handfome prefent, leaving it to himfelf to enumerate the articles which he moft needed ; to do this he was at no lofs, having great prefence of myid on fuch occafions; therefore he run off a long lift of things which he wanted for a fmall fchooner which he was building at Eimëo j of thefe fuch as we had to fpare were given to him.

As yet we have had no reafon to complain of any improper behaviour in the Otaheiteans, men or women. Neither have we loft a Angle article to our knowledge, though many have unavoidably been much expofed.

The goodnefs and love of God to us fliould be graven on the tables of our hearts. After prayer the brethren retired to reft.

Before the Otaheiteans departed they were informed no work would be done the next day, and they aflced if it would be more devoted to prayer than the other days, and were told it would.

The Sunday paffed very quietly, not one canoe coming near the fllip ; and on Ihore no interruption was attempted, the natives, with the king and queen, attending, and conduéling themfelves in peace and good order. A difcuffion took place among the brethren concerning the propriety of fpcaking to the natives upon the important fubjcót of their miftion, when it was agreed that the prefident (Mr. jefferfon) fliould addrefs them through the medium of Andrew (he Swede as interpreter. Accordingly, at three o’clock in the af-

ternoon, they met for this purpofe, feveral of the natives being pre-fent both within and without the houfe i and as foon as Andrew interpreted the firfl: fentence, finding the difcourfe direded to them, they placed themfelves in attentive poftures. When they under flood a little of what was faid, they put very pertinent queftions ; among others, doubting whether we would beftow aught that could be efteemed a benefit equally on all. They a Iked, whether the mef-fage of the Britifh God was to the toûtous as well as to the king and chiefs ? They were anfwered in the affirmative j and further, Mr. Jefferfon, pointing to his brethren, told them that they were the meflengers of the only true God j and that though all men had offended him, he was, notwithftanding, a merciful God ; conferring on thofe who believed his word great bleflings in this life, and after death took them tc^a Rate of eternal happinefs. Otoo was prefent, but, according to human judgment, his ftubborn, unteachable nature feems to be the laft that any impreffion can be made upon. We retired to reft, thankful for the occurrences of the day, and for the promifing profpeóls before us through the providence of our God.

13th. Wind eafterly, and pleafant weather. The crew employed in hoifting up goods, and fending various articles on fhore on account of the miffion ; two of the brethren from each party dividing a large cheft of books.

The natives had perfedly underftood that the prohibition was but for yefterday, for early in the morning feveral canoes were alongfide, and in one of them, with our conftant friend Männe Manne, came feveral chiefs and their wives ; but the principal perfon to be introduced at this time was the father of Pomärre, Otëw, formerly Whäppai, who is a very venerable looking man, aged about feventy, his head covered with gray hairs, and his chin with a remarkable white beard ; his name had once been Otoo ; but, on the birth of his fon, in compliance with the general cuftom, he changed it to Otëw. As ufual, he prefented the captain with a piece of cloth and a pig, receiving in return, and on account of his rank, two

72 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;‘ FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

axes, four pair of fciffars, and four knives, two looking-glafles and two old flairts, which was all'he afked for; and it appears that their requefts always include the utmoft bounds of their expectation ; fo that to add aught more is quite fuperflUous and unneceffary. When breakfaft was ready, moft of our vifitors went upon deck, feemingly through a fenfe of good manners and a fear of offending, which we may fuppofe them to have learnt from former vifitors, who, for their own fakes, might have taught them thus much ; for it certainly would be very uncorrifortable to have them crowding at meals continually : but Männe Manne had no fcruples, and, as if confcious of a right, placed himfelf next his tayo at table, and being exceedingly fond of the tea and our bread and butter, played rather an epicurean part. In the forenoon Otoo and the queen fent off to beg leave of the captain to fend him their prefents ; to which ceremonial an anfwer was made in the affirmative ; and in confe-quence thereof we had them prefently alongfide : the king’s con-fified of thirteen live hogs, and three ready dreffed ; the queen’s was one dreffed, fix alive, and a bale of cloth; themfelves followed in a large double canoe, accompanied by Otoo’s younger brother, now prince of Tiaraboo. They would not come on board, but expreffed a wifh for a great gun to be fired ; and, to gratify them, two were caff loofe : Männe Manne took the match, and though almoft blind wi h age, he boldly fired them off; with which act of his own courage he was highly tranfported. Their ftay was fhort ; for after they had paddled twice or thrice round the fhip, they returned to the fhore.

About four in the afternoon Pomärre and his wife Iddeah, having juft arrived from Tiaraböo, paid their firft vifit at the Ihip ; befides his ufual attendants a number of others had put themfelves in his train. When alongfide he refufed to come farther till the captain fhewed himfelf ; this bein^ done, he immediately afcended the fide, and coming on to the quarter-deck, wrapped four pieces of cloth round the captain as his own prefent ; then taking that off, repeated the operation with the like quantity in the name of Iddeah. While

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' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;he was doing this, I thought joy evident in his countenance, and

was glad to find in him a pidlure of good-nature very different from the morofe figure which reprefents him in fome editions of Cook’s voyages ; and could not help thinking that his prefence, which we I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;now enjoyed, would afford pleafure to thoufands in refined Europe,

who have heard fo much of the hofpitality and favour this prince t nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;of ravages has always fhewn to his vifitors.

The firft ceremonies over, he told the captain that he would fend provifions and whatever we had occafion for while we daid at Ota-* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' heite. When feated in the cabin, he exprcfled his regard for the

Englilh, and called King George his friend. On this the interpreter was defired to inform him, that King George loved him, and that • nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the earees of Prëtane did the fame; and that out of regard for him

’ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;and his people, they had fent this ffiip with fome of the beft men,

purpofely to do them good ; and then defired to know, whether he was pleafed that part of our number fliould refide on his ill and. He immediately anfwered in the affirmative. A piece of land for their . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ufe was next mentioned to him ; to which, after a few words with

his privy counfellor Iddeah, he anfwered, that the whole diftridt of Matavâi ftiould be given to the Englilh, to do with it what they pleafed; obferving, that Pytëah, the prefent chief of the dif-tridl, was a good old man ; that it would be for the benefit of our people to permit him to hold his refidence near to their dwelling-houfe ; and that he, according to orders which fhould be given him, would enforce obedience from the natives, and oblige them to bring whatever the Englifti wanted of the produce of the diftridl.

I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thefe moft important matters to us being fettled, as far as they

could be for the prefent, the chief thought it was time to inquire after entertainments ; and firft Iky-rockets, next the violin and dancing, and laftly the bagpipe, which he humoroufty defcribcd by putting a * nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;bundle of cloth under his arm, and twifting his body like a Highland

I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;piper. When we told them that we had none of thefe, they feemed

, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;rather dejeóled ; therefore, to revive them, a few tunes were played

upon the German flute by Mr, Bo well and one of the feamen, though it plainly appeared that more lively mufic would have pleafed them better.

Pomarre intimating a wifli to fleep on board, it was granted; he then afleed leave for his wife and fervant, which was alfo complied •with. It may be proper to remark here, that Iddeah, though ftill confidered as the wife of Pomarre, has not for a confiderable time cohabited with him, but with one of her toûtous (or fervants), by whom Ihe has had one child, and is again pregnant ; her younger flfler, Why’reëde, next cohabited with the chief» but left him through diflike for one of far inferior rank ; and his prefent wife is a very flout young woman, but of what condition we could not learn. However, it is evidently clear,' that they hefitate little about mixing with the lower orders of the people j but if iflue Ihould be the confequence of thefe connexions, it is rarely the pride of rank fuffers the poor infants to live an hour after they are born. At flipper the chief devoured a whole fowl, with the addition of about two pounds of pork, and drank proportionally.

At the houfe all was peace and quietnefs with the natives, and nothing particular is noticed in the miflionary journal, except a few expreflions of diflatisfaiflion concerning their brethren leaving them to go to the Friendly Iflands.

To-day received as prefents twenty-two live hogs ,and five ready dreflèda 14th. This morning Männe Manne and feveral others came oq board, all behaving refpedfully to Pomarre, The captain, in order to cultivate his friendfhip, made him a prefent of an excellent fingle-cafed metal watch, with which he was very much pleafed ; obferving» that none before ever made him a prefent of the kind. As we knew him quite ignorant how to manage a watch, Peter (the Swedey was directed to wind it up for him every day. Thermometer 76'’. Pomarre,. his young wife, Iddeah, and the old priefl, breakfafled and dined with us. The tea juft fuited their tafle ; and at dinner the two chiefs drank of the wine eagerly. The captain fliewing fome unwillingnefs to indulge Männe Manne to a greater degree, he anfwercd to the

following purport :—that as he was going on fhore to facrifice a man to the Eatooa, he took it to raife his courage. Expreffing our abhorrence of fo cruel a defign, he became filent ; and his friend Peter defired him never to mention any thing of the kind to us.

By a letter from Mr. Jelferfon (the prefident), it appears that the apprehenfions of thofe on fhore, both for their perfons and property, are much increafed s alfo their fufpicions of the profeffed friendfhip of the natives, who, they hear, have formed the defign of rufhing upon them and taking all away ; in confequence of which they urge the neceffity of the whole body fettling at this place. But for fuch fufpicions there does not appear the fhadow of fear ; nothing can be more peaceful, kind, and fubmiflive, than the natives, affifting them readily in all their preparations. Pomarre and Iddeah, in the afternoon, vifited the »houfe, and viewed the improvements made with wonder and delight. They partook of a difh. of tea with us s one of his attendants poured the tea from the cup to the faucer, and then held it to his mouth : this is the way at every meal j his dignity will not permit him to feed himfelf. When he had finiflied, he requefted the faucer might be kept for his future ufe, and that no woman might be permitted to touch it. We were furprifed to fee fo flout a man, perhaps the largefl in the whole ifland, fed like a cuckoo.

15 th. Moderate breezes and pleafant weather ; employed on board hoifting up goods, and landing them on account of the miffion. Received ten butts of water by fwimming them off. Thermometer 76’.

On fliore the brethren were bufied making a faw-pit, and fitting up their apartments. Among the remarks of this day they fay, “ Several Otaheiteans vifited us as ufual, continuing to bring hogs, “ fruit, amp;c. Pomarre and his attendants were with us at family “ worfhip, ; after which the prefident informed him of the nature “ of our million, to teach them our God and Saviour; to leant them to read the fpeaking book of wifdom, and to inftrud them in “ all ufeful arts j which he applauded, as he had already done at the

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“ lîiip, and faid it was my ty, my ty, very goodi and added, that he would fend his fons for inRruélion.”

He came not near the fhip to-day, but returned his watch very much damaged, which we fuppofe to be the reafon why he abfented himfelf : no doubt a hatchet would now have been efteemed a prefent of greater worth, though the glitter of a watch pleafed him more at firft.

By another letter from the prefident it appears that the brethren are ftill more afraid of the natives than before ; and this in confe-quence of being told by the Swedes that an attack upon them is intended fhortly to be made : they therefore requeft an addition of arms and ammunition, and farther urge the apparent neceffity of the whole body remaining at Otaheite. The captain wrote a few lines in anfwer, which brought Mr. Jelferfon on board ; when, in a conference with the brethren intended for the Friendly Illes and Mar-quefas, he laid before them the grounds of their fears, and requefted they would join them. To this they faid that they could not give a diredl reply, but defired to have till the following day to confider the matter. This feems a mere bugbear and artifice of the Swedes.

16th. The brethren on board having debated the fubjedl of yefterday, and concluding the above-mentioned fears groundlefs, and by no means caufe fufficient for them to confine the whole effort of the fociety to one ifland, and thereby difappoint the hopes of many of its valuable members at home ; they therefore returned their ultimate anfwer in the negative.

This being the day appointed by Pomärre for ceding in form the diftridt of Mataväi to the Englifh, the captain landed upon Point Venus ; was there received by the chief, and condudted near to the milfionary houfe. . Moft of the brethren from the fhip, and all on fhore, were prefent at this ceremony. Peter the Swede took, as ufual, the office of interpreter. “ The fcene,” fays Mr. Bowell, “ was laid before the door of the miffionary houfe, at fome diftance “ from which a rope was ftretched to keep off the crowd. Pomärre,

“ Iddeah, Otoo, his wife and brothers, went alfo without the “ rope. Männe Manne, who alone acted the part of conveyancer, remained within with the captain and brethren. He then defired “ Peter to tell the captain all that .he fhould fay, and began by pre-“ facing his oration with töwä, töwä, hear! in order'to attradt “ general attention J then went on enumerating all the Eatooas of “ Otaheite, Eimeo, and the Society Illes j next the diftridls and their “ chiefs in regular order; and laftly the Ihips and their commanders, “ from Wallis, Bougainville, and Cook, down to the Duff and her “ captain : concluding with the formal furrender of the diftridl of “ Mataväi : obferving, that we might take what houfes, trees, fruit, “ hogs, amp;c. we thought proper. This ftrange fpeech was delivered ** very deliberately by the old prieft, who, while he fpoke, fat in an “ odd pofture, half bent upon his heels, holding with one hand the “ rope, and frequently fcratching- his head and rubbing his eyes with “ the other. Thefe peculiarities were caught by his mimicking “ countrymen, who afterwards turned them into humorous panto-■“ mime.”

A converfation now. took place between the captain and Männe Manne, concerning the going to war with his enemies. Männe Manne importuned the captain to afiifl him again ft Ulietea, of which he had been king, but was driven from it feveral years ago. Being told that we had no orders to fight, except in our own defence, and that other Ihips might come with different inftruófions, and who might have no objeótion to join him in fuch enterprifes, he replied, that he might be dead before that might happen. “ Well, then,” fays the captain, ‘ ‘ your fon may ad in your place, and be reinftated “ in your kingdom.” To this he anfwered fmartly, “ I would “ rather fee it done with my own eyes.” The brethren obferving his reludance to a pofitive denial upon this point, Mr. Cover faid, that they would affift to finifh the vcftcl which he was building ; and when they had learnt the language, would go to Ulietea and talk to the people on the fubjed. This for the prefent fatisfied him, and

the bufinefs ended; Pomärrc, Ötoo, and the other chiefs, fliaking hands with the captain and brethren. Thus a door feems opening for the gofpel at Ulietëa, whither fome of the brethren purpofe to go as foon as they have the language.

17th. Wind eafterly, with moderate and pleafant weather. Set up our rigging, and rafted alongfide fifteen butts of water, which completed our flock ; and as we propofed to fail in a day or two, feveral articles were fent on Ihore to enable the brethren to go on with their work, with a quantity of nails, amp;c. for trade during our ab-fence ; alfo tea, cheefe, and what elfe we could fpare of that nature.

None of the chiefs came near us to-day, and but few canoes. The young king and Pomärre paid a vifit at the houfe, when Mr. Jefferfon took occafion to fpeak to him concerning the education of his children ; reprefenting it as a matter of the greatefl importance both to them and the people of Otaheite ; and that he would be highly blameable to negledl the opportunity which their coming afforded. The chief’s mind feemed impreffed with the truth of what was faid, and he immediately fpoke to Otoo, who returned a very unfavourable anfwer : “He did not want to learn Englifli.” “ J have a very bad “ opinion of Otoo,” fays Mr. Jefferfon. And certainly appearances are much againfl him j however, we maÿ reafonably hope, that the example of our people, and the exhibition of arts which mufl appear wonderful in their eyes, may in time excite in his mind a thirfl after knowledge. They expreffed high delight on the garden engine playing, and cafling water on the thatch of the houfe. Thermometer 761®.

18th. Wind from N.E. toE.S.E. moderate and pleafant weather ; employed clearing the fhip for fea. In the afternoon Pomärre and Iddeah came on board, accompanied by Manne Manne, and Peter to interpret. A prefent of cloth was made the captain, and by a large chefl which they had brought with them in the canoe, we could fee what they expeded ; but feigning not to underfland, as they handed it up the fide, the captain inquired of the chief what

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he meant to do with it. He feemed greatly perplexed how to anfwer this queftion, till at laft he faid, that he only wanted the lock repaired. He was then directed to take it on fhore to the blackfmith j. but this embarraffed him more than before ; 'and feeing no other way to free himfelf, he faid with a fmile, that it was intended to hold the prefent which the captain might be pleafed to make to him and Iddeah ; and requefted that it fhould be put into the cabin, to prevent his people from feeing what he received. When feated below,, he was afked what he would like to have ; but feeming at a lofs what to name, the old prieft, whofe wits arc always ready, helped him out ; and firft axes ahowröo, ahowrôo, that is, twice ten, or ten for himfelf and ten for Iddeah j then for each five fliirts, eight looking-glaffes, fix pair of feifiars, fix knives, fifty nails, and five combs î befides thefe, were added to his part, one caft-iron pot, one razor, and a blanket. The whole was put into the cheft, and fecured by the lock, which was very good. He then acknowledged himfelf content ; but going afterwards betwixt decks, where the brethren had feveral things lying loofe, he craved for fomething of all that he faw ; but as they knew how well he had fared in the cabin, they gratified him with very little. I have been thus particular, be-caufe the incidents of this day do, in a meafure, charafterize the chief.

The brethren intended for the Friendly Ifles, confidering that none of the ordained minifters were to accompany them, chofe from their number Mr. Seth Kelfo. to be their paftor, and urged to thofe on fhore the propriety of ordaining him and John Harris previous to their departure. This they very readily confented to, and the next day, being Sunday, was appointed for that purpofe. Thermometer yô”.

19th. The fame orders being iffued as for laft fabbath, but two or three canoes were off in the bay, and feeing that we took no notice of them, they foon returned to the fhore. To-day, at the miffionary houfe, were ordained Seth Kelfo and John Harris, minif— ters to the places of their refpedtive deftination.

The tranfaólions of this day being fingular, a more full report cannot but give fatisfadlion, and tend to encourage greatly our hopes as to the ultimate objedl orf our million.

It having been made known that we intended to addrefs the natives this morning, numbers of them alTembled early round our dwelling ; among them was Pomarre and his filler : he had been inquiring a day or two before concerning our fpeaking to them, and faid, “ he had been dreaming about the book which fhould be fent “ him from the Eatooa.”

At ten o’clock we called the natives together under the cover of fome fhady trees near our houfe ; and a long fomi being placed, Pomarre was requefted to feat himfelf on it with the brethren, the reft of the natives ftanding or fitting in a circle round us. Mr. Cover then addrefled them from the words of St. John, “ God fo loved the “ world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that they who believe

on him fhould not perilh, but have everlafting life;” the Swede interpreting fentence by fentence as he fpoke. The Otaheiteans were filent and folemnly attentive. After fervice Pomärre took brother Cover by the hand, and pronounced the word of approbation, “ My

ty, my ty.” Being aflced, “ If he had underftood what was “ faid?” he replied, “ There were no fuch things before in Ota-“ heite ; and they were not to be learned at once, but that he “ would wait the coming of (the Eatooa) God.” Defiring to know if he might be permitted to attend again, he was told, yes. Being conduced into the houfe, he and his wife dined with us, and departed.

About three o’clock the ordination folemnity of the brethren Kelfo and Harris took place ; they were fet apart for their work by the impofition of hands of our ordained brethren. Brother Cover preached the ordination fermon, and delivered the charge ; brother Jefferfon having made the inquiry of the candidates refpedling their call and objedls, and brothers Lewis and Eyre prayed at the com-

menccment and end of the fervice. The communion clofed the folemnity, which was to us all a moft refrefliing and comfortable ordinance i and for the firft time the bread-fruit of Otaheite was ufed as the fymbol of the broken body of our Lord, and received in commemoration of his dying love.

Männe Manne was prefent during the whole fervice, and very attentive, particularly during the adminiftration of the Lord’s fupper ; he placed himfelf in the circle with the brethren, and when they palTed him he Ihifted his fituation farther on, in hopes of partaking with them.

20th. Pomarre, Iddeah, and all our Saturday’s guefts, vifited us again to-day, bringing more cloth and fome fowls for fea ftock. They Raid dinner; the chief, fed by his head man, ate heartily, and drank a large fhare of a bottle of wine, evincing rather a covetous defire for it, as he would hardly allow Männe Manne to have a glafs with him. On the appearance of rain they took their leave, wilhing us a good voyage, and expreffing a hope of our fpeedy return.

As Peter the Swede had offered to go with us to the Friendly Iflands, the captain confented, thinking that he might be ferviceable on fome occafions as interpreter. He purpofed taking with him a young woman named Tänno Männo, with whom he had for fome time lived as his wife, a man the mutineers had named Tom, and a boy called Härraway. The two laft Mr. Crook, who had already made great proficiency in the Otaheitean language, thought might be great helps to him. On this account the captain permitted them to go with us alfo. The natives underftood we were now about to leave them for fome months, but the captain’s intention was to lie a few days at Eimco, and, previous to fetting off for the Mar-quefas, to touch again in Mataväi bay, when we might probably learn how the natives were likely to behave during our abfence. Matters being thus fettled, we took with us Mr. William Puckey, by trade a carpenter, to examine Männe Manne’s veffel, and fee whether fhe was worthy their afliflance to finifli her. After dark

About an hour before daylight we weighed, with a light air from the S. E. which taking us but flowly out of the bay, the natives, perceiving the Tails fet, hurried off in their canoes, eager to get a few articles more before we departed. At feven A. M. a frelh gale fpring-ing up from the N. E. attended with thunder and lightning, we left them, and by ten o’clock were off the north-eaft part of Eimëo, when it again fell little wind. We kept running along the edge of the coral reefs towards Täloo harbour, and, at the diftance of half a cable’s length off, had irregular foundings, viz. fix, eight, twelve, and fourteen fathoms. The reef appeared to block up the harbour till we were nearly abreaft of it, when a good entrance fhews itfelf. With a light breeze we run clofe up to the fouth-eaft corner of the harbour, and let go our anchor in ten fathoms water, and moored with the ffream cable to a remarkably large tree which ftands clofe to the water’s edge j the Steeple cliff at the head of the harbour bearing S. by E.

Täloo harbour is on the north fide of the ifland ; the bottom fo clear, that you diftindly fee the coral, with its beautiful branches. The mouth of the harbour is about a quarter of a mile broad ; the water of an amazing depth : this led into a moft delightful bay, about two miles wide and three deep. This bay is beautifully furrounded with trees ; not the lead agitation of the water is perceivable on the beach, let the wind blow from what quarter it may, it is fo perfedly land-locked. We lay under a mountain ten times as high as our topgallant-mad, and perpendicular. There is a fine frelh-water river running up fome

in the evening a canoe came alongfide from Eimëo ; in her was a Swede named John, whom we had not feen before; him his countrymen reported to be in a Rate of infanity, and by his difcourfe we thought him a little fo. On his part, he complained much of the treatment which he had received from his fhipmates fince they landed ; and exprefled a defire to return to Europe. The captain, in anfwer, told him, that at prefent he could not keep him on board ; that he was on the point of failing, and would in a few months return ; in the mean while he might flay at the miflionary houfe, and if he behaved well he fliould have a paffage with us : he is a native of Stockholm, about forty years old, and feems much reduced by ficknefs.

On Mr. Puckey’s coming on board, fome converfation paflcd on the propriety of the brethren’s arming themfelves on fhore, and keeping watch night and day ; which thofe on board difapproved. He replied to them very fatisfadtorily, that their intention in taking arms was not to injure the natives, much lefs to plant the gofpel by human power ; but merely as a means ordained of God for the pro-tedlion of their perfons and property during the abfence of the fliip.

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miles, which a boat can afcend a mile or two, and fhips water with the greateft eafe. It is the fecureft harbour I ever faw. It has a • border of low land, like Otaheite, covered with bread-fruit, cocoa-nut, and other trees ; and many of a different kind in the mountains, fome very like lignum vitæ ; one fmall ifland is wholly covered with this wood. Being in queft of a tree of hard wood, we found one', but the axe would not ftand againft it, and we were obliged to ufe the hand-faw.

Here I firft’ faw a tûpapow : the flefli was quite gone ; the fkin, like parchment ftretched over the bones, remained : the natives feemed averfe to our examining it. Two ports about fix feet long are let into the ground at each end ; on thefe a broad plank is laid, and the corpfe is there extended, wrapped in cloth, to dry, and a fmall fhed, like a boat inverted, placed over it to keep out the rain.

After dinner, the captain, Mr. Falconer, Wm. Puckey, and Peter, fet off in the pinnace to the place were Männe Manne’s veffel was building, and on their return gave but an unfavourable account of her. In length fhe was forty-two feet, but difproportioned in her breadth, by being fuller aft than forward, and the timbers were too fmall for her fize. In this excurfion the captain fhot a wild duck and

■ two fmall birds, and Mr. Falconer caught with the feine about a dozen fifh. All the.afternoon the fhip was furrounded by the natives, among whom were feveral women, who expreffed, by their loofe'gef-tures, a great defire to be taken on board, but had the mortification to meet with no encouragement. Several articles were offered to barter, but no hogs, owing to the rahoo (or prohibition) being in force at this time. This rahoo is laid on by the chiefs to repair the defolations their inordinate feartings make, and is always religioufly obferved by the people. It feems that the whole ifland of Eimeo was at this time under this injunélion, but at Otaheite it is only impofed on a few dirtridls at one time, during which none of the refidents dare fell a pig, or kill one for their own ufe. However, they may take hogs from thofe dirtrióls that are free, and ufe them as they pleafe. A

rahoo is alfo frequently laid upon the fifli ; at which time poles with a flag at top are ftuck upon the reefs, where they are not fuffcred to be taken. It is not improbable that this cuftom might have its origin coeval with the firft peopling of the iflands, or at leaft when they polTelfed few animals, and have been introduced from motives of economy. However this may have been, it is now become fometimes an a cl of injuftice and tyranny in the chiefs, whofe impolitic proceedings are extremely deftruótive to the general welfare. But of this there will be occafion to fpeak more particularly, when their feveral cuftoms are noticed. At prefent we felt no inconvenience from this law, our decks being already crowded with the hogs we had brought from Mataväi : however, had we ftood in need, there were none to be got, for in the abfence of Iddeah and Männe Manne no chief was here of fufiicient authority to repeal it.

22d. Light airs of wind and pleafant weather, with a few flying Ihowers of rain. The crew employed painting the ftiip, making a new mizen, and putting the rigging in order.

An affair happened this morning, of which the brethren made fome account : eight of them, by permiftion of the captain, took the jollyboat to a frefh-water creek at the head of the harbour, with the intent to wafh their linen, but returned in a fliort time, under a perfuafion that the natives meant to rob them of their bundles, and to do them further mifehief. “ We put off,” fays Mr. Bowell, “ from the fhip, but took no arms with us j a double canoe, full of men, “ alfo two Angle ones, followed us; and when the boat entered the creek, multitudes of people were feen running along the fhore, fome with white flicks in their hands: others, with clappers of “ pearl oyfler-fhells, were feemingly convening more of their countrymen together ; and when we landed they were crowding from “ all quarters, but flill behaved peaceably ; and thofe who held fpears fhewed us in what manner they ufed them. Their numbers in-creafing, we thought it mofl prudent to keep our bundles fall, 2

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“ and return to the fhip ; as the quantity of linen we had brought “ was perhaps a temptation too great for them to refill. This refo-“ lution we immediately put in praólice j and we were allowed to rc-“ turn without moleftation.”

Soon after they got on board, a meeting of all the brethren was held in the cabin, to debate on the propriety of taking fire-arms on fliore with them at Tongataboo. Brother Kelfo opened the meeting in the ufual manner s after which the captain, as prefident, informed them of the reafons of being convened ; and, after a long converfation upon the fubjeét, there appeared, on a divifion—for taking mufkets to defend their perfons and property, brothers Harper, Kelfo, Nobs, Shelly, Veefon, and Wilkinfon—againfl it, Bowell, Buchanan, and Cooper.

Before the meeting broke up there were fome remonftrances ad-dreffed to Meflrs. Harris and Crook, concerning their going to the Marquefas in fo fmall a number; to which they anfwered. That having long fince made that place their choice, they were Hill in the fame mind, nor did they entertain a doubt of meeting with a favourable reception : and on this account they did not think it necefl'ary for the fllip to revifit them, but would rather, if the propofal met with the captain’s approbation, that the fhip fhould firfl go to the Friendly Iflands, and then proceeding to the Marquefas, a vaft expenfe of time would be faved, and the captain be enabled to flay a month or more to fee them fafely fettled.—This propofal was approved and adopted as our future plan.

About thirty canoes, filled with men and women, kept paddling around us all the day ; a greater number, who had no canoes, but only a log of wood, and fome nothing, diverted themfelves in the water feveral hours together, and if a fmall trinket was thrown in, they w’ould dive fome fathoms after it, and were in general fure to bring it up.

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a naked native ftanding in the main chains ; and attempting to feize him, he leaped into the water, and made his efcape, taking with him four yards of our eleélric chain.

23d. Sent the boat to the creek for a turn of water, but when it came we could not drink it, by reafon of a bitternefs, imbibed probably from the trees and fhrubs on its banks ; however, on the weft fide, and not far from the head of the harbour, an excellent fpring of water was found. The natives furrounded us as yefterda'y, but with little to barter.

24th. Fine pleafant weather. Many natives from different parts of the ifland were to-day viewing the fhip with apparent admiration ; and perhaps it is no erroneous opinion to fuppofe that there never was a fhip in thofe parts fo ornamented with figures to attradl their attention. None appeared with arms, but all roguifhly inclined, on which account we would not fuffer one of them to come upon our decks ; but, notwithftanding our precautions, they found means to fteal the rudder out of the jolly-boat lying alongfide. While we were at dinner in the cabin a canoe came clofe under the Hern, and a tall fellow, getting up upon the back of the rudder, reached his hand up, and fnatched away a book which lay juft within the cabin windows,- he then immediately fell back, and made a plunge in the water. This we heard, and ftarting up, infifted upon their putting the canoe alongfide, but this they refufed to do, and began to fet off towards the fhore, as did all the reft that were near us. Thinking this adtion too daring to be overlooked, and clemency, fo often extended, only an excitement to greater depredations, a few fmall fhot were fired, which made them take to the water, and fkulk behind the canoe. Two of the feamen in our jolly-boat tried in vain to catch the offender, for he, with the dexterity of a wild duck in the water, eluded all their attempts to lay hold of him ; and it was only with the help of the pinnace, and frightening him with a muf-ket, that we caught him at lafl. When alongfide, he trembled through fear of being put to death, and ftruggled hard to get into

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the water again, but making a rope faR round his body, he wai hoifted on board, and lafhed up to the rigging, in fight of his countrymen, who Rood ranged along the beach in expectation of feeing him punilhed. As Peter was on Riore at this time, the delinquent was kept bound till he returned on board ; in the mean while the natives, obferving nothing was done to him, came around us as before. When Peter arrived, he was defired to tell the man in what light we confidered his offence, and that if he or any other perfon was found doin^he like again, they would certainly be feverely puni died ; and that the reafon why we let him go at this time was merely becaufe we had not warned him of the confequence before. To this he faid, he would not do fo again, and took his leave with joy in his countenance.

The bad conduól of the captain’s Reward had been often noted ; though the miffionaries were reludlant to complain'. This had at laR exhauRed the patience of the captain, who turned him out of the cabin before the maR. This evening, going on Ihore with others to bathe, he fecreted himfelf, having contrived to get fome of his things on fhore unknown to any. but the Swede. This caufed us much forrow of mind, as he had made, on coming on board, a profeflion of godlinefs, though his conduól had very little adorned it. We feared that this man, thus leaving the fhip and indulging in all the abominable praólices of the heathen, would prove a great reproach and plague to us ; and fo we afterwards found it to be.

Having now finiffied the painting of the fhip, and put her other-wife in good order, the Rream cable was ordered to be caff oflf from the tree on fhore, and all things to be in readinefs for proceeding to fea with the land breeze in the morning. Orders were given alfo that a good look-out fhould be kept during this night, as we had fome reafon to apprehend that we fhould be vifited by thieves in the dark; therefore two muikets were placed’ in readinefs. As we ex-peóled, fo it proved ; for about one o’clock in the morning, when it was very dark, a man was heard fwimming under the fhip’s bows,

clofe to the cable, and perhaps with an intent to cut it ; a mulket was fired, which fet him oft' with great precipitancy towards the ftiore.

25th. At fix A. M. with a light air at S. S. E. we weighed and ftood out of Tâloo harbour, which as we cleared we found the wind more to the eaftward. Several of the natives in their canoes followed us quite out to fea, exprefting a greater defire to trade with us than they had done all the time we lay among them.

Concerning the people of this ifland we learnt but little, not caring to truft ourfelves in fmall parties on fliore, for fear they fliould retaliate on us the vengeance which Captain Cook inflicted upon them for ftealing his goats. However, we obferved in thofe who came alongfide, that they had not attained to that frank affable behaviour towards ftrangers, that the Otaheiteans have in general : neither were they fo Ikilful in bartering j and in every point of civilization feemed far behind that people : which difference I cannot otherwife account for, than by fuppofing them lefs vifited by ftrangers from Ulietëa and the other iflands than Otaheite is. For it is certain that the vaft number of arreoies which refort to the latter place do not only, by virtue of their privileges, oblige to the exercife of hofp’itality, the parent of many focial qualities, but by their addrefs, knowledge of the iflands, and various talents to pleafe, they contribute to inform the minds and foften the manners of thofe they vifit. In their perfons they differ nothing from the Otaheiteans, except it be in a jewifli caft of countenance, which is here more general : and a greater proportion of their women are of a low ftaturc, but equal in the fym-metry of features.

We faw but few canoes, and thofe were very indifferent ones both in fize and goodnefs, nor were there any figns of their being poffeffed of many.

As for the ifland itfelf, it feems to have fuffered great convulfions either from earthquakes or other violent caufes. Moft of the hills

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are high, pointed at their tops, with broken rugged fides, particularly about Taloo harbour, from the entrance of which they have a very ftriking appearance. The low grounds are covered with cocoa-nut, bread-fruit, and other trees, all growing luxuriantly, and without care or culture. They have alfo all the roots, amp;c. in common with the other iflands. And here the cows are that Captain Cook left with them, but they are little attended to, as it is faid that they are wild, and that none of the natives dare approach them ; there is no bull. We did intend to have landed in purfuit of the cows, and to have takeh them to Matavai ; but as all the chiefs were abfent, it was thought prudent to relinquifh the plan for fear'of mifehief from the natives.

Towards evening we faw Tethuröa, low land, about twenty-four miles from Otaheite. It confifts of fix or feven iflets very near each other, not many feet above the level of the fea, covered with cocoa-nuts, but no bread-fruit, which they are not allowed to cultivate. It belongs to the king, but Männe Manne claims it. The natives, about three thoufand, are employed in filhing for the chiefs at Otaheite, and bring back bread-fruit and other things in exchange.

26th. About four in the afternoon we tacked the Ihip clofe in with One Tree hill, hoifted our colours, and fired a gun; upon hearing of which, Meflrs. Cover, Lewis, Henry, Gillham, and others came off in a double canoe, and reported that all was well, that they had now no reafon to.entertain apprehenfion of future mifehief from the natives, who, they fay, ufually leave their houfe about fix o’clock in the evening, and revifit. them regularly at an early hour in the morning. The chiefs alfo were behaving extremely well. Since we left them they had made Männe Manne a cheff, which pleafed. him. Pomärre had juft fet off to another diftridt, after promifing to be with them again in a day or two. They were all in good health 1 and refpeding' . provifions, the natives continued to fupply them plentifully with all that the ifland afforded. This pleafing intelligence could not fail to fatisfy us, and alfo to reconcile them to the departure of their brethren.

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Therefore we took leave of our friends, hoifted in the pinnace, and made fail for the Friendly I Hands, after fending on fhore materials for a flat-bottomed boat^ to be built during our abfence.

Nothing could have exceeded the kindnefs and attention of the natives J every day they attended our worfliip, and heard fuch addrefles as we were able to make to them through an interpreter. This firfi: experiment of the fliip’s abfence had removed all the brethren’s fears ; and they faw us quit the harbour only with the tendernefs of parting friends, who hoped again fliortly to meet and rejoice together; wifhing* their miflionary brethren good fpeed in the feveral places of their defli-nation ; yet not without many tears.

The wind being frefli to eaft, we filled our topfails, and left them far aftern. The brethren, who had come off haftily in the canoe, impro-vidently came away without the paddles ; feveral canoes being near, they borrowed two, and fome loofe boards were in the canoe with them J with thefe they tried to pull her ahead in vain, the wind blowing from that point to which they wanted to go. The crofs piece of the canoe, it being a double one, gave way, the lafliing being nearly cut through ; fo they pafled a rope round the bottom, and fecured it. They were, however, obliged to bear away beyond One Tree hill, and travel home on foot, leaving the canoe and her cargo to the care of the natives, who were very faithful, and brought her back the next day .

Div iß on of the Mifionaries.—Voyage to Tongataboo.—Occurrences there during the firf Vißt,

muft now interrupt the account of the tranfadions at Ota-heite, to follow our other brethren through the deep gt;nbsp;on the fliip’s return they Ihall be recorded.

The day following our departure from Mataväi we pafled to the fouthward of the Society Wands, in fight of Huaheine, Ulictca, Otaha, and Bölabola; then, with a fine fair wind and pleafant weather, fliaped our courfe for Palmer ft on’s ill and, which we intended to vifit, as it lay diredly in our way. Accordingly, on the firft of April, a little before day, we faw it bearing weft, diftant about two leagues ; then running nearer, hoifted out the pinnace and jolly-boat, and attempted landing on the fouth-eafternmoft iflet ; but finding it impraticable there, on account of the furf breaking high on every part of the furrounding reef, we bore down to the next iflet, which is the fouth-wefternmoft, and found it almoft as bad to land upon as that which we had left. A fquall of wind and heavy rain coming on, we returned to the Ihip, for fear any accident Ihould happen to the boats. About eight o’clock the weather cleared up, and we made a fécond attempt, finding that by reafon of the tide of ebb the furf had fallen confiderably j yet there appeared no place where we could land the boats with fafety. Abundance of cocoa-nut trees covered the iflet, and to get at them was our objedl j therefore Otaheitean Tom, the third mate, and one of the feamen, taking with them the end of aline, leaped into the water and ventured into the furf, where, with great difficulty, they effedled a footing on the coral rocks which

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compofe the reef, after getting their legs, arms, and different parts of their bodies, much cut with the fliarp points of the coral. They had ftill to walk near a quarter of a mile before they got to the dry beach, fo that the fmall quantity of cocoa-nuts which they could have brought to the boat would not have been a recompence for the trouble of procuring them ; but about half-ebb we obferved a fmall opening or gutter in the reef, into which we rowed, and found it deep enough for the boats to pafs clear over to the beach, where we could ftep out dry, and lie within fifty yards of the trees. We now applied ourfelves to the objeél in view, and foon fent both the boats off loaded with cocoa-nuts, keeping the two Otaheiteans on fhore to climb the trees, a talk which they performed with much more eafe than we could. The water had now fallen fo much, that on the return of the boats they were obliged to lie at the outer edge of the reef, in a fmall creek about ten yards wide and twenty long, and covered from the force of the fea by the rocks projeóling on each fide. They were again loaded with cocoa-nuts, and grafs for the ufe of the goats j and it now being late in the evening we returned on board, hoified the boats in, and made fail, having got in the courfe of the day five hundred and thirty cocoa-nuts.

Palmerfton’s ifland was difcovered by Captain Cook on his fécond voyage : it confifts of a group of fmall iflets, eight or nine in number, conneded together by a reef of coral rocks, and lying in a direction nearly circular. The iflet we landed upon is not a mile in circuit, and at high water is not more than four or five feet above the level of the fea. The foil is coral fand, with an upper ftratum of blackifh mould produced from rotten vegetables. All the inner area ot the iflet is covered with cocoa-nut trees, which decaying and falling fuccelTively form a thick underwood : without thefe, near to the beach, are the wharra tree, and others of various forts. We faw vafl numbers of men of war birds, tropic birds, and boobies. Among the trees there was plenty of red crabs, dragging after them a fliell in form of a periwinkle, but larger, being in diameter about two or

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three inches ; when they run along the ground they only put their claws out, but when we touched them, they drew thernfelves wholly into their fhell.

We alfo faw the beautiful fubmarine grotto defcribed in Cook’s third voyage, “ At one part of the reef which bounds the lake within, almoft even with the furface, there is a large bed of coral, “ which affords a moil enchanting profpedt. Its bafe, which is “ fixed to the fhore, extends fo far that it cannot be feen, fo that it “ appears to be fufpended in the water. The fea was then unruffled, “ and the refulgence of the fun expofed the various forts of coral in the moll beautiful order; fome parts luxuriantly branching into “ the water, others appearing in a vafi: variety of figures, and the “ whole heightened by fpangles of the richeft colours, glowing from “ a number of large clams interfperfed in every part. Even this “ delightful fcene was greatly improved by the multitude of fillies “ that gently glided along, feemingly with the moft perfeét fecurity ; “ their colours were the moll beautiful that can be imagined, blue, “ yellow, black, red, amp;c. far excelling any thing that can be pro-“ duced by art,” This is the defcription which they give of this grotto, and is nothing exaggerated, for it is certainly a great and beautiful produólion of nature. We beheld it with pleafure, and with them regretted, that a work fo aftonifhingly elegant fhould be concealed in a place fo feldom explored by the human eye.

There are no traces of this ifland having ever been inhabited ; a piece of a canoe lay upon the beach, probably the fame as was feen by Cook’s people, and which they conjeóture might have drifted from another ifland; but as there are rats upon the ifland, which both they and we faw, hence a query is fuggefted, how or by what means they could come to this place? They fuppofe it might be in the canoe, which is not at all likely, becaufe they afford hardly a place of concealment for them ; and if there were men in the canoe, it is very probable that they fuffered much from hunger, therefore it w^ould be abfurd to think they would not fearch their canoe for every

hidden morfel ; or, finding a rat, to fuppofe they would fpare it. It is doubtlefs more juft to conclude they were drifted here on fome hollow tree or root, which being before their place of fhelter, and torn up by fome tempeft, might be caft upon this ihore.

On Wednefday the fifth of April we faw Savage ifland, but did not get near it before dark. In palling the north end we perceived three lights, and on the weft fide feven more j by their motion we fuppofed them to be on the water, and feemingly in canoes a-fiftiing. The natives of this ifland fliewed a ferocious and hoftile difpofition to Captain Cook and his people in 17'74, when he difcovered it j on which account he called it Savage ifland. His account of themlhews the danger of landing among any of thofe illanders who have not previoufly had intercourfe with Europeans ; alfo the abfolute neceftity, when obliged to land, of being able to repel them by force when attacked. We ought to lay it down as a truth, that neither in places already known, where the inhabitants have alt;fted conftantly in a hoftile manner, nor yet in new iflands which voyagers may difcover, are the natives to be trufted with the power of their lives ; for in general they are fo tenacious of their territory and of their canoes, fo covetous of all we poflefs, and under a perfuafion that all ftrangers are enemies, that they will, either by force or cunning, aim at the lives of thofe who are fo unhappy as to place any confidence in them, till fome friendly intercourfe has been eftabliftied.

We now Ihaped our courfe for Tongataboo, and on our pafiage thither fuch articles were forted'out as it was thought the brethren might with fome fafety take with them on their firft landing. On Sunday the 9th, at ten A. M. we faw the land ; and at noon the ifland of Eöoa bore S.W. diftant feven or eight leagues. At half paft four in the evening we tacked to the caftward, the fmall ifland of Eoo-aije bearing S. S.W. | W. diftant three miles, and then hove to for the night, during which we had light winds and confiant rain. At daylight, it continuing ftill dark and hazy, we could fee no land Until feven A.M. when it ceafed raining, and the weather gradually

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clearing up, Eoo-äije bore W. and Eooa S. by W. ; the wind alfa veered in our favour from W.N.W. to N. by W. and frefhening to a brilk gale we flood in for the harbour of Tongataboo. The natives of Eooa had obferved us the preceding day; for a canoe with four men, which muft have put off from that ifland before daylight, was now paddling after the Ihip. This circumftance gave us fome pleafure, as it both evinced their defire for our articles, and a confidence in ns.

Pairing to the northward of Eoo-aije, we fleered W. S.W. to the entrance, then W. by S. and W. up the harbour, followed by the above canoe and feveral others, which put oft' from the eaflern part of the main ifland and the iflets that lie flattered upon the reef. One of the large failing kind, with about fixty perfons upon her platform, kept clofe to -windward of us, and proved herfelf the better failer by running ahead with eafe, then flackening their fheet and falling aflern, then running ahead again, and fo on ; the fliip, at the fame time, going fix knots and a half by the log, topgallantfails and flayfails fet. It appeared evident, that, had they chofen, they could have run at the rate of flven knots and a half or .eight knots an hour.

In failing into the harbour we kept the north reef on board, until vze came to the narrow channel which bends to the N.W. which we got through after making two or three Ihort tacks with the tide firong in our favour ; then running a little way further, palling Makahäa we hauled to the fouthward, and anchored in nine fathoms, on a bottom of foft fand, about three quarters of a mile from the fmall ifland of -Pangimodoo, and moored with a flream anchor and cable to the S.W. Once more, through a gracious Providence, fafl anchored in the haven where we would be.

Our followers were now all eager to come on board ; but though we were ivilling to grant them every prudent indulgence, yet they were too numerous to have free accefs : therefore about twenty only were admitted ; and by placing fentries along each fide of the deck, we fucceeded in keeping the reft off, though very importunate to be on board. The commodities they offered for barter confifted of hogs, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, yams, fpears, clubs (which none were without), and various articles ingenioufly manufaâured ; but their demands were fo high that but little was purchafed. Neither the Swedes nor Otaheiteans could underftand what they faid more than ourfelves, which not only increafed the difficulty of trading with fuch fcrupulous dealers, but embarraffed us in no fmall degree to know how to fettle the more important bufinefs of the miflionaries. After dinner, a chief named Futtafäihe was introduced to the captain, as a perfon of great power in Tongataboo ; and indeed fuch he appeared : he was about forty years of age, ftout and well proportioned, of an open, free countenance, noble* demeanour, and a gait ftately, or rather pompous, for by it alone we fhould have taken him for a very great man ; and by the attention with which he furveyed every objedt, he appeared to poffefs an inquifitive mind. He talked a good deal in the cabin, but all we could colledl from it was, that he was a great chief, and that fome white men were on the ifland, and that he would bring them with him on the following day. After the captain had made him a prefent of an ax, a looking-glafs, and fome other articles, he took his leave ; and was hardly

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from the fhip when two Europeans made their appearance ; they came alongfide without hefitation, and flipping on board with alacrity, gave us the unfpeakable pleafure of hearing our own language fpoken by them ; a pleafure which proved at once our neceffity of fuch inftruments, and our great diftance from home ; for in their countenance, one of them efpecially,.there was fo much of the villain marked, that in England a well-difpofed perfon would Ihun them as he would a fwindler or a pickpocket. However, bad as they appeared to be, as they have to adt a part in future, I Ihall infert their account of themfelves. One of them, named Benjamin Ambler, fays, that he was born in the pariih of Shadwell-, London ; and that his parents now keep a public-houfe in Cannon Street. He is a bold, talkative, prefuming fellow ; feems to fpeak the language fluently, and fays that he learnt it with great facility. John Connelly is a native of Cork in Ireland, by trade a cooper, and is far lefs talkative than his comrade. Ambler fays that they left London in a fliip called the Otter, in which they failed to America j and there, for the fake of better wages, left her to go in an American veflel bound to the north-weft coaft on the fur trade. On their paflage outwards they touched at the iflands of St. Paul and Amfterdam, where they made fome flay, catching feals j and proceeded thence to the Friendly Iflands, in hopes of procuring refreihments j but having nothing but old iron hoops to barter, the natives would not part with their hogs. This induced thefe two, and four more, to leave the fhip ; for their fait provifions were fo bad as to be fcarcely eatable, and fo fcanty as forced them upon a fhort allowance -, therefore, dreading their cafe might foon be worfe, they requefted the captain to difcharge them. This he accordingly did, and they landed upon Annamôoka, where another American velfel called foon afterwards, and being in want of feamen, engaged three of their number. An Irifhman named Morgan remained at Annamôoka, and they two had been about thirteen months at Tongataboo. They are both young men, not exceeding the age of thirty.

Ambler informed us that Futtafäihe was a great chief, and pre-fided over all the eaftern part of the ifland ; but that there was an old man named Tîbo Moomöoe, of greater power, and generally efteemed as king over the ifland : at prefent, they faid, he was in a bad date of health, for which reafon he could not gratify his defire to come on board when the fliip firfl; came to anchor ; but that he intended, if pofliblc, to pay us a vifit on the morrow, or day fol- , lowing. From their high praifes of this old chief, we underflrood that humanity to his people, and hofpitality to Arrangers, were predominant traits of his charader. This pleafing account of the chiefs encouraged the captain to mention to Ambler the purpofe of our vifit, the talents and charader of the miffionarics, their intentions of fer-vice and good-will towards the natives, and to point out the certain benefits which the latter would receive, if our people were fuffered to live unmolefled among them ; at the fame time he requefted their opinion of men fettling at this place with fuch views. To this he replied, that the natives would certainly receive them gladly and treat them with kindnefs ; but refpeding property, they could give no afl'urance of its fafety. Connelly, who feemed to fpeak with the greateA candour, expreflcd the danger their lives would be in if encumbered with iron tools, they attempted to defend themfelves from private robbers, which charader might apply to every man on the ifland when fuch temptations lay in their way.

As for a houfe, they had no doubt but Tibo Moomöoe would give them one, and alfo proted their perfons ; but were of opinion, that if all the ten lived with one chief they would not be fo well fupplied with provifion as if they were to feparate to different parts of the ifland. This was nearly all that paffed at this time, or indeed could, until Tibo Moomöoe was acquainted therewith ; for which purpofe they now left us, firfl: promifing to return in the morning with his anfwer.

While this was paffing, a large double canoe approached, in 'vhich were feveral chiefs, who, either with a view of obliging us,

or to fliew their own arbitrary power, began driving the canoes from ' the fhip, forcing them to the Iborc as faft as they could paddle j fome had part of their crews on board, and could not get fb quickly away, which the chiefs obferving, came at a great rate under the fhip’s ftcrn where they lay, ran diredt over one canoe, and, as we thought, would have hurt the people, but by their dexterity in . diving and fwimming they efcaped fafe : the others feemed quite indifferent to what they had done, and there being now nothing to ob-ftrudt them, nor any farther fport, they came alongfide : one of them, a remarkably flout man, we were informed was admiral, or rather the navigator of their fleets, when they go on expeditions to the other iflands j another of note was Fëenou, who we underftood to be brother to him that was fo attached to Captain Cook. Each of them received a prefent, and in a fhort time returned to the Ihore, when the canoes again furrounded us to trade, demanding for half a dozen cocoa-nuts what would purchafe a hundred at Otaheite. On the approach of night they all left us very quietly.

In the evening the captain and milTionaries held a meeting, where it was agreed, that, if a favourable anfwer was received from Moomöoe, fome of the brethren Ihould land as foon as poflible, to examine the place, view the natives in their habitations, and fee how they were likely to behave to them : after which they could more eafily determine what property it was fafe to take at firft, and alfo the propriety of taking arms.

nth. At daylight the large double canoe came alongfide again, and in her feveral of the chiefs who had vifited us on the preceding evening: thefe brought two hogs and a few yams, I fuppofe, in return for the prefent which they had received. They introduced themfelves into the cabin without much ceremony, and fat quietly while we breakfafted : tea they refufed to take, but fome ate bifeuit and butter with a feemingly good relifh. About ten o’clock in the forenoon Ambler and Connelly came with a prefent of three hogs and

fome yams from Moomooe, informing us that himfelf intended to follow. Accordingly the venerable chief was very foon alongfide, but was long before he durft venture up the ladder, fearing he had not ftrength fufficient for the talk; he at laft however made the trial, but was fo exhaufted thereby, that he was obliged to reft himfelf at the gangway ; thence his attendants led him to the quarter-deck ladder, where he again fat down, faying that he would not go before the captain till he was fhaved : and to pleafe him in this, Mr. Harris began the operation, and finiflied it much to the fatisfatftion of this decent chief, who then faluted the captain, and entered the cabin, followed by twenty-two attendant chiefs and fervants : thefe fquatted thcmfelves upon the floor, but the chief was placed in a chair, which he much admired, thought he fat eafy in it, and, requefting it as a prefent, had it immediately given to him. He attentively furveyed the cabin and its furniture, exprefling his admiration of all he faw, and alking a number of very pertinent queftions : as, of what wood were the frames of the looking-glafles, fuppofing apparently the whole to be of a piece with the gilded outflde : the fame of the different coloured painted woods. Nor did they feem to admire the beauty of the whole more than the neatnefs of every part of the workmanfhip. They examined minutely the jointing of the chairs and of the mahogany table, and expreffed no fmall degree of aftonifhment at finding them-felves fo far excelled ; for they cherifli an idea of being fuperior to -all their neighbours. When told that the men we had brought to live among them could teach them thofe arts, and alfo better things, they feemed quite tranfported. This favourable opportunity the captain improved, by mentioning every circumftance that could raifc in their minds an high idea of the miffionaries ; interrogating Moomooe as to his willingnefs for them to refide there, and alfo what provifion he would make for them ; to which he anfwered, that for the prefent they fhould have a houfe near his own, until one more fuitable could be provided ; they fhould alfo have a piece of land for their ufe ; and he would take care that neither their property nor

perfons Ihould be molefted ; adding, that, if they pleafed, they might go on fhore and examine the houfe, when, if they did not like the fituation, he would order it to bc removcd to any fpot they preferred, for this he could have done in a few hours.

For this purpofe I was fent in the pinnace, with Ambler and four of the miffionaries, and landed about four miles to the weft ward of where the Ihip lay. The natives, as the boat approached, crowded the Ihore, apparently to gratify their curiofity only, for they all behaved peaceably, and fuffered us to pafs along unmolefted. From the beach we had to walk about half a mile, and when arrived at the place, we found it furrounded by a fence of reeds fix feet high, enclofing three or four acres of ground : on which ftood five houfes, two large and three fmall : the largeft, intended for the miffionaries, was thirty-fix feet long, twenty broad, roof fifteen feet high in the middle, and floping to the fides till only four feet from the ground, refting upon wood pillars, and open all round : the floor was raifed about a foot, and covered with thick clean matting. On the infide there hung to the crofs beams an anchor, about fix hundred weight : they had made a Ihift to cut the ring out with hatchets, and fhared it among the chiefs. It was of Englifii form, and probably the fame Cook loft in 1774, though Ambler informed us they had it from Annamöoka, where it was left by an American brig.

From this we palfed to the other large houfe, which, we were told by Ambler, was facred to the God of Prëtane, and in this old Moomöoe fleeps when indifpofed, in hopes to obtain a cure. On the floor were four large conch-fhells, with which they alarm the country in times of danger : and on the rafters were placed fpears, clubs, bows and arrows, to receive from their imaginary deity fupernatural virtue, to render them fuccefsful againft their enemies. The whole of this enclofure, we underftood, was what the natives call an abéy, of which there are feveral ; it being their manner of laying out their dwellings, and which is properly the freehold of the chiefs who occupy them.

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Our bufinefs being done, we returned to the fhip, where we found the natives taking their departure for the fhore. And in this interval of reft from noife and tumult the captain and miflionaries met to confult on what was now beft to be done. The latter had feen the houfe, approved of it, but thought the ground attached thereto too fmall for their purpofes of gardening and agriculture. Befides this objection, another and greater was, that Moomöoe, being an old man, might foon die ; in which cafe, efpecially if they were efteemed ufeful, a difpute might arife among the chiefs about whofe property they fhould be, or who fliould be their next protestor ; and were this to happen before they had attained a knowledge of the language, they would not only be in danger of being ftripped of their property, but alfo of lofing their lives. A third objection was, that the chiefs moft ufually refiding at Aheefo, a place at the weft end of the ifland, and drawing after them the greater part of the inhabitants, would in a great meafure fruftrate their ufefulnefs. Therefore it was only agreed to go to this houfe, if they could do no better j but firft to fend Ambler early in the morning to Fêenou Tôogahowe, to propofe their refiding with him,- and, if he willingly embraced the offer, they would immediately land with fuch part of their property only as they con-fidered it was abfolutely neceffary to take.

While Moomöoe and the crowd of chiefs were in the cabin, they regaled themfelves with a bowl of kava, which, though a delicious treat to them, was fo difgufting to us, that we could not poffibly go to dinner till they had finifhed, when it was near four in the afternoon.

12th. By daybreak in the morning the canoes hurried off to the fllip, endeavouring which fhould get neareft, to trade. Among our vifitors of note the firft was Futtafäihe, who came early, bringing Connelly with him, to fpeak to the captain to place five of the mif-fionaries with him. But for the reafons above mentioned, they would not confent to live on this part of the ifland, nor to feparate, if poflible, till they were better acquainted with the language and people a

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At nine o’clock Ambler came off withToogahowe, who had already agreed with the former to take all the brethren under his proteélion, alfo to give them a houfe, and the land attached to it, for their ufe. Tôogahowe, by Ambler’s account, is the moft powerful chief in the ifland -, is the greateft warrior, and in confequence thereof is not only a terror to the chiefs of Tongataboo, but likewife to thofe of the adjacent iflands, which he vifited not long ago in a hoftile way, and quickly brought them under fubjedlion. We were further informed concerning him, that on the death of a certain chief, the widow of the former Poülaho, refiding in Eöoa, fent her fervant to poflefs the lands which the deceafed had occupied, and which now belonged by right to her; but before they arrived, Tôogahowe had feized the property, and refufed to deliver it up. The widow, who had many adherents, proceeded to drive him off by force ; but the attempt failed on her part, and gave Tôogahowe a pretext for feizing all her poffeffions, and driving her and her adherents from Tongataboo. Since that he has held his neighbours in a ftate of fear ; infomuch that it is thought when Moomôoe dies he will be formally chofcn into his place of great chief, or king of the ifland. He is a ftout man, and may be about forty years of age ; is of a füllen, morofe countenance ; Ipeaks very little, but, when angry, bellows forth with a voice like the roaring of a lion.

As he came near to the fhip the natives readily made way for his canoe, and behaved with fuch great awe in his prefence as tended to confirm the account we had heard, and led us to confider him as the moft proper perfon under whofe proteétion we might place the brethren. Ambler, as above mentioned, had already informed him of our defign ; but for the fatisfadlion of the miffionaries, the captain, in their prefence, with Ambler as interpreter, again recited every particular of our intentions, and what we required of them; obferving, that our foie inducement to come fo far was to do them good, on which account we did

not think ourfelves under the leaft obligation to them for permitting us to fettle in their country, as was hinted the day before by Moomôoe ; but, on the contrary, if they were unwilling to receive our people on the conditions mentioned, or were not defirous of their flay, the captain’s determination was, to depart in a friendly manner, without landing a man. Toogahowe feemed to underftand the greater part of what was faid, and made anfwer, that, if they chofe to land, they might live there as they pleafcd, and that nobody fliould hurt them j and in the afternoon he would fend a double canoe to take their things on fliore. However, though the chief comprehended what we deemed fufficient for our prefent purpofe, it would be wrong to fuppofe, after all our pains to make it plain, that he could have a conception of the difinterefted views of the mi flion ar ies, nor yet diveft himfelf of the idea of conferring a favour, in receiving and. afterwards maintaining them.

Ambler, with Toogahowe, had not been long on board, when he informed us of a defign, which, if ever put in execution, would probably have ended the voyage, if not our lives, at this place. The plot, he told us, was to attack the Ihip, and at that moment every man in eight large double canoes, and in many hundred Angle ones, were apprized of the intention, and prepared to join as foon as the attack commenced. This was alarming intelligence j and though we fufpedted it a forgery of Ambler’s, yet it behoved us to credit it till we had by fecret and expeditious means prepared to repel them. Accordingly, the fmall arms were laid in readinefs, and the great guns caft loofe and loaded with grape fhot, and every man at his quarters. We then turned all the natives out of the Ihip, except Tôogahowç and his attendants, likewife ordered all the canoes from alongflde ; and they, obferving an unufual ftir upon the decks, and the guns levelled at them, obeyed rather haftily j drawing up in a range ahead and aflern of the Ihip, where they lay in that manner a confiderable time, feemingly in expedation of our firing a falute to divert them, as former navigators might perhaps have done. Finding at laft

' io6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[17^7.

that this was not what we intended, they wanted to come alongfidc again ; but only a few fingle ones were fuffered to approach i nor would we ever after permit the double canoes alongfide, nor to make their rope fall to the fhip.

The truth of Ambler’s information we could never learn. As for the canoes Iheering off fo readily, and lying ahead and aftern of the - fhip, as if no mifchief had been intended, it is no proof of their innocence, for cunning and indifference is the favage manner of adling till they are openly detedted. What offends them is often of fo trifling a nature, that, palling without our notice, their revenge comes unexpedfed. It was faid that Feenou, who came in the large double canoe when we firft anchored, was at the head of this plot ; and his reafon for it, that he received nothing in return for a pig which he brought us yefterday, which pig the captain had confi-dered as a compenfation for what he received on his firft vifit : but Feenou, when we faw him, flatly difowned having ever thought of doing us the leaft mifchief ; however, it gave us no fmall fatisfac-tion to fee the canoes difperfe, for they could not contain lefs than three thoufand men, each armed with a formidable club or fpearj fo that, had they made a ruflr upon our decks, where were only thirty undifciplined men to oppofe them, they mull have fucceeded.

Juft as this affair had fubfided, Moomöoe called alongfide with a prefent of a few yams for the captain, requefting in return a glafs of red wine, faying that what he drank the day before had been fer-viceable to him : a bottle was accordingly put into the canoe, and he immediately left us. We were all much prejudiced in favour of this old chief, and beheld with concern that he was hailing fall to that bourn from whence no traveller returns.

Futtafaihe and Mytyle, two great chiefs, came down between decks, joined with us in our devotions, and followed all our attitudes in the profoundeft filence. They would fain have engaged us to go with them J but at Ambler’s perfuafion, and promife to learn us the language, we agreed to fix at his houfe.

In the afternoon the canoe came for the miffionaries* things, and Was immediately loaded ; Bow ell, Buchanan, Gaulton, Harper, Shelley, Veefon, and Wilkinfon, accompanied by B. Ambler, embarked in it, and proceeded weftward to a place called Ahëefo. A petty chief, named Commabye, was ordered by Töogahowe to go with them and fee that nothing was loft. Kelfo, Cooper, and Nobs, remained on board to prepare the reft of the things.

13th. This morning, finding the natives crowd about us as much as ever, and likely to be troublefome, the ftream anchor was ordered on board. A paflage out of this harbour by the north was a defirable object, either in cafe of a ftrong eafterly wind, or an attack from the natives, when by cutting the cable an efcape might beeffèéled : therefore the captain intended to go in fcarch of it ; and accordingly we were under way by nine o’clock, and, with a fine breeze from the caftward and clear weather, ftretched over towards the fmall iftand of Faffaa, into fix fathoms, broken ground ; then ftood towards Attatäa, founding as we run along in twelve, thirteen, and fourteen . fathoms, until within two miles of the latter iftand, where, feeing the canoe coming with fome of the brethren in her, we anchored in twelve fathoms, broken ground.

About three o’clock in the afternoon fhe got alongfide j three of the miffionaries were on board of her : they faid that Ahëefo was farther from the fhip than they at firft underftood it to be ; and the landing with goods was very bad, by reafon of a flat which runs from the beach about half a mile, and over which they were obliged to wade up to the knees ; and after they got to the beach, had to go further than a mile to reach the houfe ; difficulties which made the landing of their things fo tedious, that fix hours were fully employed in houfing them fafe : this great trouble was in fome degree leftcned by the natives. Their perfons were not molefted j and though it was dark, not a fingle article of their property was loft. It was near one in the morning before all was fafe, and the houfe left to themfelves. They then went to reft, refigning their perfons and property into the

io8 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

hands of their God ; and told us, when they came next day, that they never flept founder in their lives. In the morning the natives provided a breakfaft for them after the manner of the country. At nine o’clock they fet offquot; for the Ihip, and, having the wind unfavourable, were juft fix hours on their palfage. Every thing was in rfeadinefs j therefore the canoe was immediately difpatched, leaving on board fufficient for another lading. And that they might have whatever was thought for the prefent neceflary, Buchanan and Nobs flaid on board to fee that fuch things were got in readinefs.

The cargo brought on fhore was furrounded by a hundred perfons, who alarmed brothers Harper and Kelfo ; but Mytyle ordered the cherts into a houfe near, and difmifTed the people, threatening if any man, during the night, approached to rteal, he fhould be put to death. So we lay down on mats, in perfeéf fecurity, till waked by Mytyle, at one o’clock in the morning, to partake of an entertainment, which he had provided, of fifli, hot yams, cocoa-nuts, amp;c.

Before we weighed in the morning a woman of rank paid us a vifit J fhe was attended by many chiefs, and a vart number of females, who were all officious in their care of the old lady, whofe amazing corpulence rendered her coming on board rather difficult. After her there came four rtout fellows-carrying a bundle of cloth, not quite fo large but that two of them might have carried it with eafe ; this was prefented in form to the captain, who gave her in return fuch things as fully fatisfied her. The fhip being under fail we could not be quite fo attentive to this great perfonage, as, according to their ideas of ceremony, they might expeól ; however, any omiffion of ours they found means to difpenfe with, by regaling themfelves in the cabin over the kava bowl for about two hours, when fhe was told that the fllip had got a confiderable dirtance from her houfe : on this they harted into the canoe, and made fail for the Ihore.

The refpeól paid to this old lady, and to many of her fex in Tongataboo, diftinguifhes them from the fervile condition to which females are fubjeëled in other favage rtai.es or tribes. Here they portefs the

highell degrees of rank, and fupport it with a dignity and firmnefs equal to the men.

Futtafâihe was on board moft of the day, and was drill very importunate to have fome of the miffionaries with him.

Towards the evening the weather became dark and unfettled, the wind alfo variable from the weftward, which, though not defirable to us, was embraced by thofe who long for the night, that they may put their dark deftgns in execution. About midnight a canoe with four men was obferved lying ahead of the fhip, evidently for no good purpofe, but, as we fufpedred, to cut the cable, that the Ihip might drive upon the coral reef, which at this time was only a ftiort half mile aftern of us : however, as we had obferved them in time, we determined to drive them off without firing ftiot, and for that purpofe the gunner and his watch mates laid a quantity of cocoa-nut hulks upon the forecaftle. Prefently, under cover of a fquall, they dropped under the bow : without making the leaft noife for fear any of them fliould get into the water unfeen, and hurt the cable, a volley of the hulks was poured on their heads, the fudden furprife of which caufed them to leap into the water, fome fwimming one way and fome another, whilft the canoe, totally deferred, drifted aftern : a mulket was alfo fired over their heads, that they might know thofe inftruments of terror were in readinefs by night as well as by day. As it was very dark, we foon loft fight of the men, but thinking-the canoe would prove the circumftance to the chiefs, and lead to a dif-covery of the offenders, we therefore lowered the jolly-boat down and picked her up. All the while it rained hard and blew frefli, and fometimes we could perceive the white furf breaking on the reef aftern j fo that, had they fucceeded in their defign, which was doubtlefs to cut the cable, then the lliip at leaft muft have been loft in confequence of their infatiable defire for her lading.

14th. This difagreeable night was fucceeded by a morning altogether mild and pleafant ; and with a clear fky and gentle breeze wefterly, we again got under way in fearch of the northern paffagc,

if there was a fafe one : and as Captain Cook, on entering in 1777, druck on rocks, and defcribes the way they came as dangerous, we explored farther to the weft ward. The wind veering to the north, w^e had to ply, founding in ten, twelve, fourteen, and fifteen fathoms, broken ground ; an officer at the maft-head looking out for fhoals : on one fpot which lliewed white we had only fix fathoms. As we drew near to the outer reefs an eligible paflage was obferved, for which we fteered, and went fafe through, leaving only one of all the reefs extending from Attatâa on our ftarboard fide : this reef is of a triangular form, and bears from Faffâa N.W. i N. ; and when clofe to it on the inner fide, the north end of Attatâa bears W. 35° S. and Mallenöoah E. 9“ S. by the compafs; and thence through the channel the courfe is about W. N.W.

Confidering our diftance from the fhore, we expeded to have but few vifitors : on the contrary, feveral canoes followed us quite without the reefs ; but, on account of laft night’s adventure, none of them were admitted on board, except our confiant friend Futta-fäihe, who prefented the captain with a fine turtle : he exprefled great difapprobation of his countrymen’s behaviour ; faid lie knew the men, but as they did not belong to the part of the illand over which he prefided, he could not punifli them.

Being now without all the fhoals, we fieered towards thewefi end, to be nearer to the brethren, and at three in the afternoon the canoe came alongfidej Shelley and Cooper were in her. They reported all was well ; that themfelves and thofe on fhore were perfeétly content with their fituation, and had abundant reafon to be thankful for the favour which they experienced from the natives. The canoe was completely loaded with the lafi of the things which theygt; had laid together as fufficient for their purpofes till our return; but they afterwards thought a few boards might be of fervice in building a houfe more fuitable than that which they occupied ; as the canoe could not take them, the captain agreed to wait till the next day ; however, as they had faws of every kind, there was no abfolute

neceffity for the boards; and the weather being uncertain, we took an affedtionate leave of the brethren -, promifing, not with ftanding, to wait till the following day if poffible, and for that purpofe made fhort tacks without the reefs for moft of the night. The wind N.N. W. a frefli gale.

1At four in the morning we reefed the topfails, and tacked to the N. E. ; at fix tacked again to the weftward. By this time the wind had increafed to a hard gale, which forced us to relinquifli the defign of ftaying longer : our fituation had now become fo critical, by the wind blowing diredt upon the reefs, that our concern was how to clear the ifland beft upon either tack : to effedl this, we kept our ftretch towards the weftward of the ifland, and expedled to go clear of all danger ; but as we approached within three or four miles of the point, bearing then about three points of the compafs upon our lee bow, we faw heavy breakers ahead. In this cafe, to bear up in hopes of a palTage between the reefs and the point, was rifking a difappointment which muft inevitably prove fatal, as we fliould then have no offing to return ; therefore we tacked, to try if we could weather the north-eaft reefs., but foon perceived this to be impoffible. The gale had increafed fo much, that we could hardly carry double-reefed top fails, and we found the fhip was driving faft towards the reefs ; fo that by the time we were abreaft of Attatäa, we faw plainly that, except we could fetch the palTage we had found out the day before, nothing remained but Ihipwreck. Providentially we juft weathered the reef on the weft fide of the channel by two or three ftiips lengths, and running through with alTurance were foon once again in fafety, thankful for fo lignai a deliverance.

We were now in the harbour, but having no fufficient reafon to anchor in fo hard a gale, which alfo blew fair for us to proceed to the fouth-eaft on our voyage, we fleered for the eaftern channel out of the harbour, and were once more alarmed with danger ; for in tunning through the narrow palTage betwixt Moonafäi and Mäk-kahah, by not hauling to the eaftward in time, we nearly ran upon

lia nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

the rocks. This was occafîoned by the flying clouds through which the fun broke at intervals, and formed very delufory appearances upon the water. The captain was aloft looking out, and thought he faw a Ihoal on the larboard bow ; he called to port the helm, but the appearance vanilhing, he ordered it a-ftarboard. That inftant we found ourfelves clofe to the lee reef, and running diredly for it. The fllip was flill under the influence of the port helm, therefore we put it hard down that way, and in a few féconds Ihe was clofe to the wind on the ftarboard tack, the reef fcarce twenty yards to leeward of her, and about half a cable’s length to run before we muft heave her in flays, and upon her not miffing, her fafety depended. The crew exerted themfelves, got the mizen fet, and we had the joy to fee her come about on the other tack, check the current upon the lee bow, and foon afterwards clear of danger and in good fearoom } then fleering betwixt Eoo-äije and Eöoa, we proceeded to make the befl of our way to the Marquefas. Thus, after perils the mofl imminent, and providential deliverances the mofl evident, we were preferved in health for the accompliffiment of the work appointed us to do, and had planted a feed of divine truth which, we hope, will take root and flouriflx to the latefl generations.

JÎAPPILY extricated from the dangers which furrounded us in Tongataboo harbour, and once more paffed into the open fea, for the firft five days we had favourable winds, which Ihortened our diftance about eight hundred miles j but afterwards, during moft of the time that we were to the Ibuthward of the tropic, we experienced fucceffive gales from the eaftward, with high feas and raw cold weather. The highefi; latitude we flood into was 39° 7^S. where wc cxpedled to find the winds prevail more weflerly, but there was not the leaft appearance of it ; only we had much worfe weather, and the fhip was fuffering in her fails and rigging : therefore we tacked to the northward into a more genial climate, and kept in about the latitude 30° S. embracing every opportunity to get to the eaftward.

The cold weather affeóled our Otaheiteans very much ; the boy Harraway, however, kept up his fpirits ; Tänno Manoo alfo behaved very well ; fhe had got clear of her fea-ficknefs, and by conducing herfelf in a modeft, affable, and obliging manner, was kindly treated by all on board : fhe was alfo of a good natural underftanding, evidently fufceptible of improvement, and always ready to communiate; and was of great fervice to Mr. Crook and others who were learning the language ; for by her means many of the fhibboleths of the Swedes’ pronunciation were corredled, and better explanations given of the words. The captain gave her a warm week-day drefs, and a fliewy morning gown and petticoat for the Sundays ; and as flie always kept herfelf dean, when dreffed fhe made a- very decent

appearance ; taking more pains to cover her breafts, and even to keep her feet from being feen, than moft of the ladies of England have of late done. Tom was under the greateft apprehenfions, and was fully perfuaded that he Ihould die before he again reached Ota-heite : in one of the gales he alked the captain if the fliip would not die; indeed, during moft of the paflage he was very low-fpirited, and fuffcred more than the others from the cold. We could teach him nothing, and could hardly perfuade him to take any ex-ercife ; while Härraway became a very ufeful boy in the ftiip, could underftand almoft any thing that was faid, and would run to do what he was defired with great readinefs. Crook taught him the alphabet ; alfo to read feveral Ihort words in the Otaheitean language, of which he printed a few for the purpofe. Thus much I have thought fit to mention concerning them, becaufe I think both Härraway and Tänno Manoo are proofs that the Otaheiteans taken young, and kept from being held up as thews by us like Omai, and from the infatuating diverfions of their own bland, are capable of receiving in-ftrudion. However, thefe two were rather too old j they had heard and believed the ftories their countrymen are ufed to relate; and perhaps all reafoning whatever would be impotfible to remove the prejudices inculcated by thofe ftories, till the Spirit of God gives convidlion to the confcience.

On the 19th of May the obferved diftance of the fun and moon gave the longitude 223“ 5' E. ; the chronometer, at the fame time, 223° 49^ E. On the 23d we difcovered land ; at eight A.M. the extremities of a low ifland bore from W. 25° S. to W. 32° S. diftant about five leagues ; and a high hummock, at a great diftance, bore W. 3° S. ; and another higher W. 2° N. This being a new difcovery, we tacked a little before noon, on purpofe to take a nearer view. Latitude at noon 23° 8' S. long. 225° 40'E. There being fcarcely any wind, we made our approach but flowly, fo that night came on before we got near ; therefore we fliortened fail, and lay by till the morning.

24th. At daylight we flood towards the land, and as'we drew near found it very low and in form of a crefcent, with a lagoon in the middle, into which the fea broke in feveral parts of the fouth-weft flde, though no opening appeared that would admit a boat. We perceived that it was inhabited ; therefore, when within a mile of the north-eafl fide, we hove the fliip to, and putting two feamen in the jolly-boat, Mr. Wm. Wilfon and Mr. Falconer, with Peter and Otaheitean Tom, who d re fled himfelf for the occafion in a piece of his own new cloth, rowed towards the fliore, intending to land if the natives were friendly ; and as a means of ingratiating our-felves into their favour, took beads, looking-glafles, and iron tools j alfo fome Englilh coin, to leave as a teflimony of our vifit. But on our approach they collected themfelves in a body to oppofe our landing. As they walked along the Ihore, the women followed with fpears, the only weapons we faw ; thefe they fhook in a threatening manner, and made figns for us to be gone. Tom flood up, fliewed them his Ikin, his cloth, and tattou marks j and fpoke to them in his language, which they feemed not to underfland. Intent on their fafety only, and the defence of the barren Ipot they inhabited, they adled as if we were known enemies, viewing us with little curiofity or aflonifliment. Finding that all our manœuvres to conciliate them to give them any thing would expofe us to a flone or a fpear, and perhaps oblige us to fire upon them, we returned to the Ihip, and hoifling the boat up, fleered for the higher ifland, which bears from this W. N. W. about nine or ten leagues.

This was named Crefcent ifland, on account of its form ; it is fix or feven miles in circumference, and lies in lat. 23° 22'' S. long. 225° 30' E.

There were many of-the wharra trees upon it, and fome others of a ufelefs kind. The fhore is grey coral fand and flones thrown up by the violence of the fea, forming a wall at the fouth-eafl point about twenty or thirty feet above the furface : on this point there were three 2

piles of coral ftones ; two were built round and'fmall, and one fquare^ the Iides of which might be about twelve feet and fix in height, with a hole at one fide, fcemingly to creep in at.

The natives whom we faw, were twenty-five in number, including three or four women carrying children at their backs j and thefe probably were all that are on the ifland. They are of a light copper colour and of middling ftature ; there is a fimilarity in the accent of their language to the other iflanders with -whom we are acquainted, but the dafliing of the fea again ft the fiiore prevented Tom from hearing fo diftindlly as to underftand them.

Some were quite naked, except a piece of cloth round their middle j others had a large piece of cloth thrown over their fiioulders, and reaching half way down the leg : one, who perhaps was the chief, wore a piece of very white cloth round his head in form of a turban. We could not perceive they wore any ornaments.

Upon what they fubfifted it was difficult to imagine, for they neither have bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, or any fruit-trees whatever ; nor could we, with the whole ifland in view, fee one canoe wherewith to fifh ; fo that they mull either be tranfient vifitors from the high ifland, or if permanent fettlers, and in any degree fenfible of their fituation, muft be mifcrably wretched indeed.

It was noon when we left Crefeent ifland, and'foon after we had a frefli breeze northerly, attended with fqualls and rain, which lafted about an hour, then cleared up, and gradually declined to little wind.; fo that for a while we made but tittle way. At three P. M. a gale fprung up at E.S.E. and it again became hazy with rain. V/e directed our courfe W. N.W. towards an ifland with two high hills that lie contiguous to each other, and are fo lofty as to be difeovered when diftant fourteen or fifteen leagues. Thefe, for diftinélion’s fake, were named Duff ’s mountains.

When within three leagues, we faw a reef ahead, and the fea breaking very high upon it : this obliged us to alter our courfe -to N.N.W. which we expeóled would lead us clear of every danger

which lay on the eaft fide of the ifland ; but in this we were miß-taken ; for after running thus about an hour we had a better view, and it appeared that Duff’s mountains were part of an ifland about three leagues in length, with lèverai of confiderable height and extent to the fouth and fouth-eaft of it ; the whole forming a group five or fix leagues long, lying in a diredion nearly N.E. by N. and S.W. by S. J and a reef which lies off about three miles from the main ifland, and probably encircles the whole as a defenfive barrier, extended as far each way as we could fee with the eye. Upon this reef were feveral dry fpots, upon which clufters of trees grew, and appeared like fo many fmall low iflands without the higher ones. It was now the dufk of the evening, and we had one of thofe halfdrowned fpots ahead, bearing N.W. by N. and others in fight beyond it; and uncertain what dangers more might lie in our way, it was refolved to fpend the night within the fpace we already knew ; and accordingly we hauled our wind to the N. E. under an eafy fail. The natives on the north end of the ifland had obferved our approach, and they, to alarm their countrymen, as foon as it was dark made a large fire, which at times prefented a very curious phenomenon, appearing like fix or feven detached lights, then prefently joining flrewed as if the fide of a mountain was wholly in a blaze. This light, which they kept burning till near daybreak, proved, a real benefit to us as a guide; for the night was very dark, with, variable winds and fqualls, and heavy rain.

At fix in the morning the north part of the iflands bore N.W. diftant two or three leagues ; when, with a frefh gale from the N. E. we fleered W. N.W. clofe to the reefs ; and from this flation obferved it to trend fouth about five miles, then to the S.W. farther than we could fee ; thence we hauled towards the northernmofl part of the reef, where was a fmall iflct, upon which were affembled about fifty natives armed with fpears ; and as we paffed the place where they flood, within a quarter of a mile, we obferved boys taking flones off the beach, and making geftures as if they would tluow

n8 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;'[1797.

them at us ; the men alfo Ihewing marks of a hoftile difpofition, walked along the Ihore to keep abreaft of the fhip, but as we left them faft they retired behind the trees. Thefe trees feemed to be of the fame worthlefs kind as thofe at Crefcent ifland ; the natives alfo, in colour, ftature, and drefs, exadly the fame as thofe we faw there. Weobferved no canoes, though it is moft probable they have fome, as thefe people muft have come from the high ifland either in a canoe or by wading, which latter feems impraticable. The main ifland, and thofe fcattered about it, are, as before noticed, all high, and the reef keeping the fea quite ftill about them, they prefent a view romantic, wild, and barren: the valleys, however, appear covered with trees, but of what kind we could not perceive, though fome faid they could diftinguifh cocoa-nut trees ; and it is certainly likely they fhould have the fruits and roots common to the other iflands, and muft have abundance of filh.

The tops of the hills, to about half way down, are chiefly covered with fun-burnt grafs j and in fome places there are fpots of reddifh foil, as on the middle grounds of Otaheite.

The group was named Gambier’s iflands, in compliment to the worthy admiral of that narhe, who, in his department, countenanced •our equipment. Duff’s mountains, which lie in the centre, 'are in lat. 23° 12^ S. and in long. 225° E.

We had now got fufiicient eafting, and were in the way of the trade-winds, therefore kept on our courfe to the northward ; all on board in good health, and in no real want of any thing. But as the paflage from the Friendly I fles had already been longer than we ex-pedted, the captain thought it neceflary to pufli on for the Marquefas } and on this account, though we had reafon to fuppofe ourfelves in a dangerous part of the ocean, we run by night as well as day ; only put the fhip under a proper fail for altering our courfe on any fudden emergency.

lt;î6th. At half paft five in the morning, juft as the day broke, we thought we faw low land ahead, and feeming to be very clofe.

May.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;to THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;119

wore fllip and flood from it about a quarter of an hour, then tacked towards it again, when the day prefented to our view the imminent danger we had efcaped. For that part which we were running for, and many others, were even with the water’s edge, the fea wafhing over them into the lagoon ; and it is very probable, that, had the weather been hazy, or the day not fo near, we might have ftruck before we either faw the rocks or heard the fea beat upon them, as it made but little noife. The ifland is in length about feventeen miles from eaft to weft, and in breadth about eight or nine miles ; and upon the reef which enclofes the lagoon, there are feveral clumps of trees, but no cocoa-nut or other fruit-trees that we could fee, nor any fign of inhabitants. This ifland, lying in lat. 21° 36' S. by obfervation, and in long. 224° 36' E. by chronometer, is probably the fame called Lord Hood’s ifland by Captain Edwards, who dif-covered it in the Pandora, 17th March 1791. We continued our courfe, and in two or three hours were out of fight of it. In the duflc of the evening of the following day we thought that we faw high land on our lee beam ; but judging that to run down to put the matter out of difpute would be taking us too much to leeward, we left it for fome future navigator to determine. However, if it really be an ifland, it muft lie nearly in latitude 20® 30' S. and about the longitude of 223° 18^ E.

28th. At noon we obferved in latitude 18° 34' S. and about three in the afternoon difcovered another low ifland bearing N. E. As it is not laid down in any of the charts, and the wind at N.W. being againft us, we kept our ftretch towards it, and as we drew near found it a lagoon ifland, with patches of trees on different parts around it. On the north-weft end cocoa-nuts were growing, and near them a clump of lofty dark-coloured trees. Two clumps alfo of the fame kind ftood at a little diftance from each other on the fouth-eaft part ; thefe laft we named Turk’s Cap and Friar’s Hood.

At half paft feven o’clock we tacked within a mile of the north end, then took the topgallant-fails in, hauled the courfes up, and

XÎO nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

during the night made Ihort tacks under the topfails. In the morning, the 29th, we found ourfelves farther off than we expeéled, owing to the leewardly current} and the wind changing to N. N. E. with our larboard tacks aboard we Rood in, and at eight o’clock had tbe fouth point of the ifland bearing E. j N. diftant three miles. Shortly after it fell little wind, and we lowered the jolly-boat down, rowed clofe to the fhore, and tried to effeól a landing, but found it impraticable, -on account of the high furf which beat upon the coral rocks. Suppofing we might find a -better place, we rowed along fhore two or three miles, till we came to the fouth-eaft fide, but had the mortification to find it every where the fame, therefore we returned to the fhip. Obferved at noon in lat. 18quot; 24^ S. ; the extremes of the ifland from N. 14° W. to N. 56° W. We had feen no figns of inhabitants, and having loft hopes of finding a landing-place, the captain had determined to leave this ifland and proceed on our voyage as faft as the unfavourable winds we then had would permit.

In the courfe of the night we had paffed to windward of the ifland, and at fix in the morning had the north-weft end bearing S.W^by S. and the fea being then fmooth encouraged a hope of procuring a few cocoa-nuts for our people, and herbage for the goats. Therefore we again fhaped our courfe towards it i but, before we came near it by four miles, it fell almoft calm ; fo that, as the fhip went but flowly down, we hoifted the pinnace out, and I, with the third officer and a boat’s crew, with Peter and Tom, fet off in her. When we had got about a mile round the point, all in the boat (except one man and myfelf, who were but indifferent fwimmers) got into the water and effeóled a landing, though the furf was very high. From the edge of the reef they had to walk about a furlong, up to the knees in water, over a hard coral flat, before they came to the trees : and while they were gone, I fhot three or four man of war birds, and tried to catch fome of the beautiful fifh which fwam without the furf ; but they were too fhy of the bait. Sharks of various fi^es were very numerous^

At noon they obfcrved at the fliip in 18’ 14' S. the north,weft' end bearing S. S. W. i W. a mile and a half ; and an hour after, in rounding the point not more than a cable’s length off Ihorc, founded with ninety fathoms of line, but found no bottom.

We had already hauled off a few cocoa-nuts ; but this method was fo tedious, that all we could procure by it would not repay the trouble. But juft about this time it was low water, and the furf fell remarkably, fo that by putting the boat’s ftern to the rocks I ftepped out, without fo much as wetting my feet. This both encouraged thofe on fliore to go on, and being obferved from the fliip, induced them to fend the jolly-boat with more hands to affift us. And now we were in hopes of getting a plentiful fupply without difficulty or danger ; ignorant that it was poffible only at low water thus to pafs and repafs. This we were to learn afterwards by unpleafant experience.

The land at this end of the ifland is about three furlongs in breadth ; upon it the only cocoa-nut trees grow, and upon that fide next the lagoon, confequently the fartheft off from us. The way to them, by paffmg through the other trees, is alfo very rough and bad ; but by fearching, we found a pleafant road along the fide of a creek, leading from the fea into the lagoon, and fufficient in depth to admit the jolly-boat, when the tide was up. Therefore this was propofed as our plan : to get as many nuts as poffible before four in the afternoon, and then bring the boat in for them.

Accordingly, by that time we had got about three hundred ; but, contrary to our expeólations, as the tide rofe the furf increafed to fo great a degree as to render it almoft impoffible either to get them or ourfelves fafely through it. However, to put it to the trial, the jollyboat was brought abreaft of the creek, and by watching an opportunity was rowed through the furf, but not without ftriking on the rocks, by which we knew there was no chance for the pinnace to get in. As there were thirteen of us on ffiore, the fmall boat was infufficient to carry off the whole. To make it ftill worfe, we faw the wind was increafing, and the Iky become overcaft with dark clouds. Therefore, being

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thus critically fituated, it was adopted as the moft prudent plan, for thofe who could fwim but little to make the firft attempt in the jollyboat, and for the others to ftay on Ihore all night, and fo fwim off to the boats in the morning. Accordingly, four of our number were pitched upon to make the effort, and they probably would have fuc-ceeded, had not two others, who thought themfelves as bad fwimmers as any, jumped in, and thereby making the boat too deep, fhe grounded on the rocks, where the fea broke, and filling her, it was with difficulty they got back into fmooth water. This failure damped all our fpirits, as we were very anxious to have fome more hands on board to work the ffiip, left fhe ffiould be blown to leeward, and not be able to get up to us again. Thus urged by neceffity, the third officer, with two men, made a fécond attempt, and fucceeded, but not without being again half filled with water. When clear of the furf, they rowed to the pinnace, and both returned to the Ihip, to inform the captain of the difagreeable news of myfelf and nine more, including the two Otaheiteans, being left on the ifland.

Our fituation on fliore was extremely uncomfortable and alarming j however, to make the beft of it, after feeing the boats fafe off, we walked up to the large clump of trees, and being thinly clothed and quite wet, we endeavoured to make a fire ; but after Otaheitean Tom had tried two hours in vain for a light by fridtion, we were reduced to the neceffity of paffing the night without a fire. About ten o’clock it began to rain very hard, and continued till three in the morning, when there was a ffiort interval of fair weather, and then confiant rain till near noon the next day. To all this we were expofed, for the trees afforded us ffielter only till the branches W’ere completely wet, and this was very foon ; fo that I was apprehenfive of fevers at leafi being the confequence of this drenching ; but, to leffen its effedls, requefied the men to walk about, and keep in motion, which they did, and cheered each other by faying they fometimes faw the fhip’s light.

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was very anxious for our fafety, fent the pinnace to try and get us off J but with concern we beheld the furf higher than on the preceding night, which obliged us to remain and wait the opportunity low Water might afford, falling out on this day about one o’clock in the afternoon. They accordingly put back to the fhip, and prefently after came again to the edge of the furf, when one man leaped in and got fafe to us with a bottle of brandy, which was of great fervice'in railing the drooping fpirits of the people, who had fpent fo bad a night, and had ftill a difficult talk to perform. This done, the boat put off again, and about ten o’clock returned with a ftage made of fir deals, with directions from the captain to bring the boat to a grapnel as clofe to the furf as they could with fafety, and then, after making a rope fall to the ftage, to veer it afhore within our reach, when we were to get upon it and be hauled through the furf, one or two at a time. Mr. Falconer was in the boat, and did as directed ; but the back fweep of the fea prevented the ftage from even entering the furf, fo that we were Hill in the fame fituation as before. Thus difappointed, we walked along the fhore, to try if any better place could be difeovered, the boat following abreaft of us j but we found it alike dangerous. At one place two of us tried to fwim off to the ftage, but were wafhed about, and nearly dafhed to pieces againft the rocks, before the reft could help us out.

Low water was faft approaching, and nothing now remained but a chance of getting off at the place where I ftepped on Ihore at the firft. We accordingly returned thither, but were greatly difheartened to find it as bad as every other place : we refolved, however, to watch till the time of low water was over ; certain that if no opportunity offered then, we muft content ourfelves where we were, and that perhaps for months, as the fhip was now driving faft to leeward. Low water at laft came, but the fea was ftill fo rough that Otaheitean Tom, Mr. Crook, and fome more, walked up in defpair towards the clump of trees, to try if poflible to procure fome dry wood, with which to get a light and a fire, which they ftood much in need of,

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being wet and cold, the wind blowing through their thin clothing. But, to our great joy, they were fcarcely gone, when the fea at intervals became fmooth ; one man got oft' to the ftage, and was hauled to the boat. We inftantly called them to us, and by embracing every opportunity, fwimming to the ftage one by one, we at length got all fafe ofF. On trying to haul the grapnel up, we found it had fallen into the hollows of the coral rocks, which obliged us to cut the rope and leave it behind. Thefe hollows add greatly to the danger of fwimming off to the boats, for if the fea forces up or retires fuddenly, there is a rille of falling into them and being hid under great flakes of the rock. The dread of this, and of drowning in the furf, ba-nilhcd from our thoughts the fharks which fwam thick about the place. We now rowed towards the fhip, which had drifted about four miles to leeward. The captain was overjoyed to fee us, as were all the crew. The boat was hoifted in, and we made fail, fully determined never again to venture a landing upon one of thofe low half-drowned iflands, except obliged thereto by want or other abfo-lute neceflity.

This received the name of Serie’s ifland, in compliment to a gentleman of that name now in the Tranfport office, and author of Horæ Solitariæ and other valuable works. The latitude of its centre is 18° 18' S. long. 223° E. ; it is in length from S. E, to N.W. feven or eight miles, and in breadth four or five ; it has a lagoon in the middle, where we obferved feveral fmall rocks above water. The reef without and the lagoon within abound with fiffi, feveral of which were of the moft richly varied and beautiful colours that can be conceived. As Mr. Robfon walked by the fide of the lagoon in the night, he obferved thoufands of young fliarks fwimming clofe to the fhore. Mullet are very plentiful, and when low water left part of the reef dry, feveral fpotted eels ilTued from holes, and on our approach reared upon their tails, attempting to defend themfelves with open mouth. The birds were the fame as at the other low iflands j and befides there was here a bird about the fize and colour of a lark, »

which we had not feen before ; and during the night we heard one whiftle like and equal to a blackbird ; indeed, by their various notes, there was reafon to fuppofe this place gave Iheltcr to many different fpecies, with this peculiar feature, that they fung almoft all the night long, though it rained and was very dark. We faw fome rats, plenty of the red ((hell) crab, and a kind of land lobfter, which even the Otaheiteans were flrangers to.

The trees are various as at Palmerfton’s ifland ; but the cocoa-nuts are fcarce here, and only found on the north-weft end : thofe which form the clumps are peculiar; they grow about fixty feet high, with large trunks from four feet to four or five yards in circumference, dividing about half way up into large branches, with a broad dark green leaf. As the foil is very thin, many of thefe trees had fallen, their branches had taken root, and were again grown up to five or fix trees as large as the old one. The wood appeared to be of no ufe but to burn. Under fhelter of this grove there was regularly built a moral of ftones, with one ftone at a little diftance placed •upright: we alfo found the remains of two or three huts, and a plain fpace, with only one circular cut near the end. At one place clofe by thefe were ftrewed on the ground vaft quantities of clam Ihells. All which proved the ifland to have been once inhabited ; but whether the perfons had emigrated elfewhere, or become extindl, there was no remaining evidence whereon to form a conjedure, as the latter is as probable as the former ; for it is likely they would be no more than the crew of one canoe, who, by the number of clam fliells, muft have fubfifted here a confiderable time, perhaps till their canoe was rendered fit to tranfport them to another ifland. It is likely alfo that the cocoa-nut trees, as they grew fo partially and fo near the moral, were of their planting ; and by the few of thefe which had fallen in the ufual manner, we fuppofe it could not be more than fifty years lince they were fir ft planted.

One circumflance here is very flriking, which is, that however fmall in number the wretched refugees might have been, a moral,

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or place of worfhip, was thought by them indifpenfably neceffary; it proves, that, however their ideas of fupernatural beings are bewildered, they ftill univerfally hold the fame tradition among them : and notwithftanding the inhabitants of different iflands give their peculiar names to their guardian deity, the manner of worfhip being every where the fame, proves the tradition originally to be from one four ce.

Concerning the formation of thefe low iflands the opinions of men are various ; but whether fuch a mafs of matter grows like a fhrub, or be the work of millions of animalcules, is what I muff leave to the learned. It appears, however, that in their perfed; Rate they come no nearer to the furface than where the fea breaks upon them. The part of this ifland that we were upon I fuppofe to have rifen about two or three furlongs in breadth, ahd by the force of the fea againft the outer edge the parts projecting were broken off ; thefe, as the fea drove them towards the lagoon, would ftrike other parts and force them off, and a heavy ftorm coming on would, with irrefiftible violence, drive them up in a ridge at fome diftance from the fea-fide, and near to the edge of the lagoon. This is evidently the cafe here. The firfl ridge lies within one hundred yards of the lagoon, and about three furlongs from the edge of the reef next the fea. The fécond ridge runs within ten yards of the firfl, and the furrow between is about ten or twelve feet deep. The other ridges, of which there are many, are nearly about the fame diflance, and the furrows the fame, differing only in proportion as we may fuppofe the florms to have done which threw them up : thefe being compofed entirely of large coral flones, prove this to have been the caufe j and the ridges lying lengthwife in a direClion about north and fouth, demonflrate that no other than gales from the weflward could have produced this effeCl on this fide of the ifland : and it is known, that winds from that quarter, though not exceflively flrong, raife a more hollow and heavy fwell than any other. At prefent, about a furlong from the outer edge of the reef, the flones, after running over a fiat of

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that breadth, form a fteep wall not Icfs than eight or ten yards above the furface of the fea ; but even over this height the ftones are driven, and ftiooting a confiderable way in, cover fome of the former ridges, and form a gradual Hope. Indeed it is almoft incredible what large lumps . of folid coral lie thrown half way up the fteep wall above mentioned.

I remarked no other part of the ifland where fuch eftedts of ftorms were to be feen ; in fome places more towards the S.E. and where the land was not more than a furlong in width, it was low and covered with fine white coral fand, mixed with rotten vegetables and leaves of trees that grow upon it ; this in general is the kind of foil ; even upon the large ftones this rotten matter and the coral fand are blown, and there the trees are more flourilhing and abundant than in other places.

From this time nothing material occurred until we made the Mar-quefas. One of the Serie’s ifland party had a fever for three or four days, but foon got the better of it, and was the only one that fuf-fered from that expedition. As we were trufting wholly to our timekeeper, we found ourfelves, after fo long a paflage, contrary to our expedlation, confiderably to the weft ward, when we faw Santa Chriftina on the 4th of June, a little before funrife in the morning, bearing E.N.E. diftant nine leagues. Being thus to leeward of our port, we kept plying till the afternoon of the following day, and took fcveral compafs bearings, to afeertain the extent and relative fitua-tion of the iflands.

5th. When we had got within four miles of Refolution hay, we faw two men paddling towards us in a fmall, wretched canoe, which they kept above water by conftant bailing. Not knowing their intention to come on board, nor conceiving them of any ufe if there, we kept all fail fet, and palled clofe by them with great velocity : this they obferved, and being more anxious to come aboard than we imagined, one of them leaped into the water, caught a rope we hove to him, and expertly hauled himfelf hand over hand to the quarter-gallery, where we took him in quite naked. At firft he looked round the cabin with furprife, but foon recovered himfelf and ran upon deck. He was tattowed from head to foot, infomuch as nearly to hide his natural colour ; he talked very faft, and was tolerably underftood both by Crook and the Otaheiteans : the earneft-nefs which he exp relied was to induce us to tack and pick up his comrade, who he gave us to underftand was his father i and that if we did not take him in, it would be impoffible for him to reach the ifland in fo wretched a canoe, as the wind blew 11 rong. However, to eafe him of his fears, we took the father on board and the canoe in tow, but fhe foon went to pieces and drifted away, which feemed to give them little concern. The wind, as we drew near the land, became variable and fqually, and as we were Urctcbing towards St. Dominica, to avail ourfelves of a favourable flaw, the captain gave orders to tack towards the bay. This both the natives oppofed, and made figns, that by keeping on the fame tack until we run far-

ther, we fhould then fetch the bay when we tacked. Their advice was taken, and anfwering accordingly, was a proof of no fmali degree of nautical ikill in them.

We found it very difficult to work up the bay, by reafon of the heavy gufts of wind from the mountains ; however, by feven o’clock we were clofe up, and let go our fmall bower anchor in fifteen fathoms water s veered out eighty fathom of cable as faft as we could, but before it held we had dragged it into thirty-five fathoms. Though it was now dark two females fwam off, in hopes, no doubt, of a favourable reception ; but finding they could not be admitted, they ' kept fwimming about the fhip for near half an hour, calling out, in a pitiful tone, Wahëine ! wahëine ! that is, Woman ! or, We are women ! They then returned to the ffiore in the fame manner as they came ; our two pilots alfo followed them, but not till they had ufed all their arguments for the captain to allow them to fleep in the fhip ; and, but for the fake of precedent, their requeft would have been granted, as a reward for the implicit confidence they placed in us.

6th. This morning we began unbending molt of our fails, and ftripping the foremaft, that the rigging might have a thorough overhaul J one of the fhrouds we knew to be broken in the way of the maft-head, and now found another gone on the fame fide ; fo that had we not providentially been on the larboard tack when we experienced the fevereft gales, we mult certainly have loft the foremaft, - which we could not replace in any of thefe parts.

Our firft vifitors from the fliore came early ; they were feven beautiful young women, fwimming quite naked, except a few green leaves tied round their middle : they kept playing round the fhip for three hours, calling Wahëine ! until fevcral of the native men had got on board ; one of vyhom being the chief of the ifland, requefted that his filler might be taken on board, which was complied with : Ihe was of a fair complexion, inclining to' a healthy yellow, with a tint of red in her cheek, was rather ftout, but pofleffing luch fym-nietry of features, as did all her companions, that as models for the s

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ftatuary and painter their equals can feldom be found, OurOtaheitean girl, who was tolerably fair, and had a comely perfon, was notwith-ftanding greatly eclipfed by thefe women, and, I believe, felt her inferiority in no fmall degree; however, flic was fuperior in the amiablenefs of her manners, and polfefled more of the foftnefs and tender feeling of the fex : fhe was alhamed to {ee a woman upon the deck quite naked, and fupplied her with a complete drefs of new Otaheitean cloth, which fet her off to great advantage, and encouraged thofe in the water, whofe numbers were now greatly increafed, to importune for admiffionj and out of pity to them, as we faw they would not return, we took them on board : but they were in a meafure difappointed, for they could not all fucceed fo well as the firfl: in getting clothed; nor did our mifchievous goats even fuffer them to keep their green leaves, but as they turned to avoid them they were attacked on each fide alternately, and completely flripped naked.

The chief above noticed is ijamed Tënae, eldeft fon of Hönoo, the reigning prince in Captain Cook’s time; he came in a tolerably good canoe, and introduced himfelf by prefenting the captain with a fmooth ftaff about eight feet long, to the head of which a few locks of human hair were neatly plaited ; and befides this, he gave a few head and breaft ornaments. Obferving a mulket on the quarterdeck, he took it with care to the captain, and begged him “ to put “ it to fleep.” He received an axe, a looking-glafs, and neck-chain to hang it to, alfo a pair of fciflars ; the latter, an article much prized at the Friendly and Society ifles, he was either indifferent about, or totally ignorant of their ufe. Two of his brothers, who were pre-fent, exprelfed not the leaft defire for any thing ; they all feemed to have a thoughtful caft in their countenance, fuch as men acquire who are ftruggling for fubfiflence and can hardly get it, though they would frequently break out into mad fits of laughter, and talk as faft as their tongues could go, and this the women did as well as the men. It appeared that this was a very fcarce time with them, for

’31 they kept complaining they were hungry and begging for vidluals all the while they were on board j to fome we gave a little, but they Were too numerous for us to fupply all : as for the women, they are in that ftate of fubjeólion, that, if they got any thing and could not conceal it, the men took it from them. Towards evening thofe who had no canoes, and who were by far the greateft number, leaped all together into the water and fwam on flaore.

Our intention of fettling two men among them being made known to the chief, he feemed highly delighted with the propofal, and faid that he would give them a houfe and a fhare in all that himfelf had. After this he went on fliore; Tfollowed with Mr. Harris, Mr. Crook, Peter, and Otaheitean Tom. Tënae received us upon the beach, and condudling us a little way defired we would flop, as we thought, to gratify the natives, for they formed a ring around us, thofe neareft the centre fitting, to let thofe behind look over their heads : Tënae’s filter not following the example of the reft, he reproved her, which brought tears from her eyes. This flaew continued about a quarter of an hour. Afterwards we proceeded up the valley, accompanied by the chief, his brother, and many of the young natives. The road was very indifferent, by reafon of tree roots that crofs it, and large ftones which lie in the way; and being all up hill, we were pretty well tired by the time we reached’ the chief’s houfe, though we refted thrice, at which times they brought excellent water in cocoa-nut Ihells from a rivulet that runs down the valley. The bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees, with a variety of other forts, afforded a comfortable fhade from the heat of the fun. Tënae conducted us to one of his beft houfes, intimating that it was for the ufe of the brethren, and that they might occupy it as foon as they pleafed. To convey an idea of what this and all their beft-built houfes are like, it is only neceflary to imagine one of our own of one ftory high with a high peaked roof ; cut it length wife exadly down the middle, you would * then have two of their houfes, only built of different materials. That we now occupied was twenty-five feet long and fix wide, ten

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feet high in the back part, and but four in front j at the corners four ftout flakes are driven into the earth, on which are laid horizontal pieces, and from thefe lafl to the ground are bamboos neatly ranged in perpendicular order, about half an inch diflant from each other and without them long blinds made with leaves are hung, which make the infide very clofe and warm ; the door is about the middle on the low fide. They do not ufe the leaves of the wharra tree here for roofing, as at Otaheite, but common broad leaves, which they lay fo thick as to keep the water out ; but the greater part of their houfes are liiiferable hovels.

The infide furniture confifled of a large floor mat from end to end, feveral large calabaflies, fome fifhing-tackle, and a few fpearsj at one end the chief kept his ornaments, which he fhewed to us j amongfl other things, he took out of two bamboo cafes, two bunches of feathers of the tail of the tropic-bird, not lefs than a hundred in each bunch, forming a beautiful and elegant ornament : upon thefe he feemed to place a great value.

They made no offer of any thing to eat, except a few cocoa-nuts i nor did I fee that they had any other thing in ufe but thefe and the four mahie. Hogs and fowls were walking about, but in no great plenty ; indeed this appeared to be their fcarce feafon ; for when we firfl landed one fellow ran to me and fluffed a piece of mahie into my mouth, thinking, no doubt, that at this feafon of fcarcity he was doing me a great kindnefs. However, in other refpeóls, Tënae treated us very well, and the people were evidently glad to fee us among them.

On our return to the fhip, the captain met the two brethren in the cabin, to know their fentiments of this place, and whether they were flill in the fame mind to fettle upon it. Mr. Crook obferved, that he was encouraged by the reception they had met with j thought the chief had behaved exceedingly well, and approved of the houfe affigned them, the place, and the people ; and concluded by faying, that though there was not the fame plenty here as at the other iflands,

r33 he had no objedions to day, as he never before nor fihce his engagement had comforts in view ; therefore the prefent Hate of the ifland was not fo great a difappointment to him. However, appearances gave him reafon to think that they had their plentiful feafons here as well as at the other illands. Mr. Harris delivered his fentiments with hefitation, as if fear had taken poffeffion of his mind : his opinions were quite contrary to Crook’s j he difapproved of every thing, and judged the fcene before him a folemn one; and, in fhort, feemed entirely to have loft his firmnefs and ardour. However, as the kind reception by the chief and his people had obviated every diredt objection to them, it was agreed to go on fhore the next day, take their beds with them, and make a trial; after which, if they thought it unfafe to flay, and afligned their reafons, they might then return on board, as no compulfion was intended.

7th. It is remarked, that honefty is no virtue of a South-Sea iflander, efpecially when our articles lie expofed to tempt him. The natives here had not hitherto appeared folicitous to barter with us but fome of them laft night had found means to lift the glafs cover off one of our beft-compaffes, ftole away the card and needle, and fitted the cover on as before. We fpoke to the chief and feveral others about it, but found all our endeavours to recover it by mild means inefied:ual ;;and, rather than ufe any other, the affair was dropped. However, they feemed to be confeious of having done fomething amifs by their not coming to the fhip till long after breakfaft, when our decks were again crowded with both fexes in the fame naked ftate as on the preceding day.

In the afternoon Mr. Crook landed with his bed and a few clothes ; I accompanied him, to fee how he was received. Mr. Harris declined going, wifhing to flay on board and pack* up their things in fmall parcels, for the convenience of carrying them up the valley. The chief’s brother departed from the fhip with us, and Tënae himfelf received us at the beach, and treated us with refpedt and kindnefs, as on the day before. We proceeded up the valley, followed by a

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vaft concourfe of people, fome of whom carried the baggage, and depofited it in the houfe alïîgned for the brethren i but a Ihort time after it was removed, and ourfelves conduced to another houfe of larger dimenfions, about a hundred yards diftant from the fir If. This houfe Rood on a fquare platform raifed with Rones, having a wall about fix feet high on the loweR fide (for they are all built on a declivity); in the in fide was a kind of efcutcheon in memory of Hönoo, the chief’s father ; it was very curioufly wrought with fmall reeds, laid upright, oblique, and horizontal, and about eight feet in height, forming a fide of a pyramid. There was a drum at each end, made like thofe the Otaheiteans ufe, but much longer. Nearly adjoining, and upon the fame platform, was another houfe, built on a fmall eminence, leaving a fpace in front, where were placed two rude figures of men carved in wood, nearly the fize of life ; behind thefe, againR the fide of the houfe, were three other efcutcheons, wrought in the fame manner as the one above mentioned ; that in the middle, which was the higheR, had the figure of a bird upon the top, and the reeds which compofed the whole being Rained of various colours, produced a beautiful and folemn effed:. The houfe had no door or opening of any kind; but as my curiofity was a'good deal excited, I opened a hole in the fide of it, to fee what it contained, and beheld a cofiin fixed upon two Rakes about a yard from the ground. JuR at this time Tënae came up, and feeing he was not angry, I again opened the hole and pointed to the cofiin : he inRantly cried Hönoo ! and repeated it feveral times, by which I knew it was his father, and thought him pleafed to fee me notice the honours he had paid to his memory. The cofiin was cylindrical, and bound about with various coloured plaiting made of the fibres of the cocoa-nut. This fepulchre. Crook’s houfe, the trees, and every thing within the platform, was taboo or facred, and muR nqt be approached by women.

I left Otaheitean Tom to bear Crook company the firR night, and then returned on board. In walking down the valley, I obferved

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that- it was well ftocked with bread-fruit trees, but none of them were ripe ; cocoa-nuts were not fo plentiful : there were plantains, the ahee-nut, and fome other fruits. Thefe are chiefly enclofed by fquare fences of ftones about fix feet high, within which the owner’s houfe ftands j but fome of the orchards are fo over-run with weeds, that they mark more the divifion of property than induftry or labour.

When the boat came for me, they brought as many of the natives as fhe could contain, they availing themfelves of that opportunity to fave the trouble of fwimming. The chief’s brother was with me, and wifhed much to go on board; but I refufed to take him, as it was near dark : this hurt him fo much, that he flied tears as he walked away.

8th. The weather ftill pleafant, but, as before, heavy gufts of wind and rain from the mountains.

The natives crowded on board to-day, infomuch that with difficulty we carried on our work at the rigging : the females were more numerous, and all in the fame naked ftate as before, which induced our people to beftow upon each a piece of Otaheitean cloth. It is proper to obferve, that thefe women drefs decently on fhore ; but when they have to fwim, as their cloth will not ftand the water, they leave it behind, and cover their nakednefs with a few leaves only.

In the forenoon the captain received a letter from Crook, wherein he expreffes his perfed fatisfadion with his new lodgings. As night drew on, he fays, he was left to his repofe ; and after commending himfelf to the care of the Almighty, he went to reft, laying his clothes upon the ground near his hammock ; but to his furprife, when he awoke in the morning, there were none of them to be feen, and he began to think he ftiould have a bad report to give after the firft night’s trial : but before he had time to launch out into unjuft fur-mifes, the chief came with every article carefully wrapt up in a bundle. Soon after the letter, Tênae, Crook, and the chief’s brother, came on board ; they were ffiewn into the cabin, and every endeavour

made to treat them kindly. The captain made Tënae a prefent of an ornamented crown, which delighted him greatly j he alfo gave him a piece of cloth, a hammer, and fome gimlets ; but what moft took his fancy was a large conch-fliell ; for thefe they barter eagerly, pigs or any other thing ; one of them gave our cook a broad axe for a conch ; but it may with truth be faid, that they are in fuch a hate of nature and ignorance, or rather Rupidity, that notwithftanding many iron tools, amp;c. have been left among them, they have never yet thought of employing their powers to learn their ufe : therefore they fct but little value upon what we have, except they can Heal it, which always enhances the worth of the article. Nails and tools they think nothing of ; cats and goats they fought after with fome foli-citude, and got fome of the former ; but of the latter we had only females on board. The conch-Ihells they ufe when they go a-vifiting from one valley to another, and as they gain the fummit of the hills, they blow them with all their might, and take great delight and pride in liftening to the long reverberating echoes.

Tënae was now more familiar than at his firft vifit, and furveyed the cabin with a degree of attention, but not with the penetration and difcernment of the Friendly idanders. Happening to touch the wire of the cabin-bell, he was ftruck with aftoniihment and favage wonder i he rang the bell again and again, and puzzled himfelf a quarter of an hour to find whence the found proceeded. Tënae has a thoughtful caft of countenance, and looks much like the chief and father of a village, and to fee him thus employed raifed our pity, to behold a man on whom nature, perhaps, had bellowed talents capable of exploring her myfteries, thus confounded with a rattle ; but, alas ! in thefe regions, remote from all the paths of feience, the talents and virtues of infulated genius lie hid in darknefs, and, like the beauties of the rough marble, want the fkill of the polilher to bring them forth.

It was not a little affèéling alfo to fee our own feamen repairing the attended by a group of the jnofi: beautiful females, who were

employed to pafs the ball, or carry the tar-bucket, amp;c. ; and this they did with the greateft affiduity, often befmearing themfelves with the tar in the execution of their office. No fhip’s company, without great reftraints from God’s grace, could ever have refilled fuch temptations ; and fome would have probably offended, if they had not been overawed by the jealoufy of the officers and by the good conduél of their meffmates.

In the afternoon Mr. Godfell landed a cheft and feveral parcels for the miffionaries, which were taken fafe up to the houfe. Tom and the boy Hârraway ftaid on ffiore this night, for the purpofe of rendering Crook what fervice they could ; and in the evening our vifitors left us in good time, as ufual.

On the 9th the pinnace was fent on ffiore again with more things. Crook ftill refolving to flay, attached himfelf to the place, took to eating the four mahie, and contented himfelf with the food the ifland afforded, which is not of a very delicate kind ; for the mahie being made in fmall quantities here, and cleanlinefs little obferved in the operation, it is not fo good as at Otaheite ; but he fays that they always ferve him firft of the beft they have ; and as he hopes to get pork once or twice a week, and freffi fifii as oft as he pleafes, he thinks he may live contented without calling an eye to the luxuries of Otaheite. Tënae had adopted him as his fon, an aól they ever after hold as facred, efleeming him in the fame light as his other children ; this they explained to Crook, who, from the pains pre-vioufly taken to learn the language, underllood almofl all they faid. The chief being informed that Mr. Harris intended to flay, defired Crook to invite him on ffiore ; but he could not be perfuaded, which was certainly doing wrong, as he ffiould have embraced every opportunity of learning the real Hate of the ifland, and thence judge of the pradlicability of fettling upon it, before the day came when he mull cither go on lliore or leave Crook alone, without being able to alTign fuch clear reafons as landing in time might enable him to do.

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10th. About two o’clock in the morning the moon w’as totally eclipfed ; but the roughnefs of the weather prevented our obferving it with fufficient accuracy to be of any ufe. The wind at this time came in very heavy gufts from the mountains, and juft as the eclipfe ended our cable broke ; the beft bower was immediately let go, and brought the fhip up in forty fathoms water at the entrance of the bay.

nth, Sunday. The natives crowded off as ufualj but on being told that the fhip was taboo for that day, they all fwam back to the fhore.

12th. The chief and his brothers came on board with Otaheitean Tom, who informed us that the boy Härraway had left them and gone to the other fide of the ifland ; and as he had faid nothing concerning his intention, they thought he meant to remain, for which Tom blamed him very much : but the captain, to try Tom’s own regard for his country, which he had conftantly praifed to the Ikies fince we came here, ordered him to put his things into the canoe and go on Ihore alfo, afligning as the reafon, his being privy to Härraway’s elopement. The poor fellow declared his innocence, and with tears in his eyes colleded his trifles and put them into the canoe, and before he went over the fide fliook hands with ail the crew, then put off with a heart ready to break with fobbing and crying : when he was gone a little way, the captain called him back again, but it was fome time before he became reconciled and cheerful. On the other hand, feveral of the Marquefans were continually plaguing the captain to take them to Otaheite.

13th. While we were at dinner one of the natives ftole a pumpbolt, and was making off with his prize, when Mr. Godfell detected him, and with the help of the gunner prevented his efcape. The reft all jumped overboard, and made for the Ihore. The thief we laflied up by way of puniihment, and flic wing him a loaded mulket, he fully expeóted to be fhot. A man of fome confequence, who had come in the fame canoe, brought the chief’s fécond brother, with two

pigs and a plantain-leaf, to intercede for the offender, who was his father ; thefe we refiifed to accept. It was affedling to fee the fon kifs and embrace his father, and take their laft farewell : however, not to prolong the anguifh, we took up and difcharged the mufket, ’•and then liberated the culprit. He could not at fir ft believe that he was not flrot; but when fet free, and prefented to his fon, both of them appeared fo overwhelmed with joy, that they could hardly truft their own eyes : dumb gratitude and confternation had deprived them of the power of fpeech. We added a folemn warning to them in future againft fuch practices, and fent them afhore with the pigs, which we refufed to accept, that they might fee we had no advan^ tage in our view.

14th. This morning the wind blew with fuch violence that we parted from our beft bower ; and as the flrip was ftill unrigged we w’ere under the neceffity of either letting go another anchor, or drifting to fea ; accordingly a fpare anchor which we had in readinefs was let go in fifty fathoms water, and one hundred and forty fathom of cable veered out before the flrip brought up. We were now about a mile and a half without the entrance of the bay, and the wind continuing to blow as hard as ever, we became apprehenfive that the flrip might be drove off the ifland, therefore manned the pinnace, and fet Mr. Harris on fhore with all his things. The afternoon we employed in putting the rigging in fome order, and bending the fails, as the captain intended to work into the bay the next day if the weather permitted. The latter part of this day we had very heavy rain : but notwithftanding the roughnefs of the weather, and the great diftance we lay from the head of the bay, feveral of the natives fwam off to the fhip ; but as we were fo very bufy, they were not admitted on board, only to reft in the boats alongfide, and then return : fome took no reft at all, but feeing by the others that the fhip was tabooed, they fwam back of their own accord ; a great exertion, efpecially to the females, as the diftance both ways could not be lefs than five miles.

15th. Early this morning we hove up the anchor, and worked clofe in to the head of the bay, having as much wind as our double-reefed topfails would carry, which makes the working in dangerous, as the wind is fo variable, that fometimes when the Ihip was clofe to the rocks Ihe would hardly come about. We anchored at noon in. our former dation, or rather nearer the Ihore, but were drove without it again. All the afternoon we were at work fweeping for our fmall bower, and juft as it grew dark we fwept the buoy-rope, and made a nun-buoy faft till the next day. We alfo unbent the fails, that the job at the rigging might be completed.

On the 16th we hoifted the long-boat out and got the anchor on board, but poftponed our feärch for the other till the rigging was put in proper order. On Sunday the 18th we again tabooed the ftiip ; indeed this was the only fuccefsful mode we had of keeping the natives away. On Monday we hauled the feine at the head of the bay, and caught about fix dozen fmall fifh.

20th. Mr. Harris and Crook came on board, and held a meeting with the captain refpeding their ftay. Mr. Harris complained of the poverty of the place, faid he could not eat the mahie, amp;c. Crook declared-his determination to ftay, even though Mr. Harris Ihould leave him. The refult was, that they both went on Ihore to make further trial before our departure. Several of the natives on board as ufual.

On the 22d a native ftole the cook’s axe, and fetting off with his canoe, was near the Ihore before it was known ; when he faw the pinnace chafing him, he paddled to the rocks, hauled his canoe up, ran into the bulhes, and fo got clear off. They had now become fo adfive in ftealing, that the failors had fcarce a knife left among them. To remedy this, as foon as they came in the morning, each man chofe a'young lad as his ftorekeeper, who followed his mafter clofely all the day, with his knife, marling-fpike, amp;c. hung to his neck j and this faved them, for they always proved very faithful.

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23d. The boats were fent to fweep for the heft bower anchor, and caught hold of it ; but trying to heave it up, the rope broke ; and night approaching, it was left till next day. This evening we obferved the bay to be unufually agitated, for which we could aflign no caufe, as the wind was eafterly, with moderate weather.

On the 24th, the fiftierman, whom we hauled in at the quartergallery at our firft coming, fwam off at break of day, and informed us that Mr. Harris had been on the beach all the night with his cheft, and had been robbed of moft of his things. This affair at firfl; gained little credit ; for we could not fuppofe him fo imprudent as to bring his property down without fending notice, that a boat tnight be ready to receive them. But, on difpatching the jolly-boat to know the truth, we found it to be really the cafe. He had come down in the dufk of the evening ; and as none from the fhip were on fhore, the boats being employed at the anchor, and the fhip lying too far from the beach for him to hail, he fpent an uncomfortable night, fitting upon his cheft : about four in the morning the natives, in order to fteal his clothes, drove him off the cheft ; and, for fear they fhould hurt his perfon, he fled to the adjacent hills. Mr. Falconer, who went to bring him off, found him in a moft pitiable plight, and like one out of hiS fenfes. The furf was fo high that they could not land, and were therefore obliged to haul the cheft and its owner off by means of a rope. The realons he gave for leaving his partner fo abruptly, befides thofe already mentioned, were fuch as he might naturally have expedted ; Tënae, it feems, wanted to treat them with an excurfion to another valley, to which Crook readily agreed, but Mr. Harris would not confent. The chief feeing this, and defirous of obliging him, not confidering any favour too great, left him his wife, to be treated as if flie were his own, till the chief came back again. Mr. Harris told him that he did not want the woman ; however, flic looked up to him as her hufband, and finding herfelf treated with total negledt, became doubtful of his fex j and acquainted fome of the other females with her fufpicion, who accord-

ingly came in the night, when he fiept, and fatisfied thcmfelves concerning that point, but not in fuch a peaceable way but that they awoke him. Difcovering fo many ft rangers, he was greatly terrified; and, perceiving what they had been doing, was determined to leave a place where the people were fo abandoned and given up to wicked-nefs : a caufe which lb on Id have excited a contrary rcfolution.

To-day we put a new tow-line in the boat, and fwept the beft bower anchor with it ; hove it up with the long-boat, and got it once more fafe to the bows ; the rigging was alfo completed, and we began to think of taking our departure. This was intimated to Crook, who ftill remained ftedfaft in his refolution to ftay in the ill and, defiring only fuch implements of hufbandry, and other things, as might facilitate and extend his ufefulnefs among the people ; obferving, that his happinefs would have been greatly increafed had his devoted fituation been with a friendly and agreeable affiftant, whofe converfation and fympathy might have comforted him in the time of trouble : but fince the Lord had ordered things otherwife, he thought that it better fuited with his charadter and profeftion, to refign himfelf to God’s fatherly care, and reft in his promifes, than to quit a ftation where a door of ufefulnefs was fo evidently opened : and fhould his bleffed Saviour make him the honoured inftrument of preparing the way for fome of his more able fervants, he fhould at laft have the happinefs to refledt that his life was not fpent in vain.

Crook is a young man of twenty-two, remarkably ferions and fteady, always employed in the improvement of his mind, and applied with great diligence to the attainment of the language. He alfo pof-feffes a very good genius, and I have no doubt will contrive many things to benefit the poor creatures he lives with ; and as the valley is capable of great improvement, I fhould not be furprifed to hear of this and the iflands adjacent becoming very plentiful places by his means. He has various kinds of garden-feeds, implements, medicines, amp;c. ; an Encyclopedia, and other ufeful books.

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took with him Mr. Falconer. Their intention was, to afcenJ to the fummit of the hills, and view the neighbouring ifles. They landed, and were followed by a crowd of the natives, who were exceedingly glad to behold the captain in their village. After taking a little re-frefhment with Tënae at his houfe, the chief’s fécond brother accompanied them up the mountains, which are fo fteep, that in many places they were obliged to haul themfelves up by the branches of trees that grow upon them. The captain did not reach the top, but Mr. Falconer did : whence he had a view of Tre venen’s ifland to the weft, Riou’s and Dominica to the north, to the eaft St. Pedro, and Magdalena to the fouth. The ridge at the fummit of the mountain is quite narrow, and every where covered with trees. The chief prefled him much to fire his mufket againft Trevenen’s ifland, and was highly pleafed with his compliance. On their return, Tënae entertained them with a roafted hog, but not being very fat, fome of the by-ftanders obferved that it was not good ; which affected the chief fo much, that he walked afide in a pet, and was not reconciled till the captain faid it was good j and refufed to eat, except the captain came and fat befide him, which he accordingly did. In the evening they returned on board, followed by Crook and the chief, who came to take leave ; accordingly, after feveral articles were put in the canoe, we bad him an affeólionate farewell, and parted. His manly behaviour at this feafon did him great credit ; the tears gliftened in his eyes, but none fell ; nor did he betray the leafl: fign of fear to enter upon his work alone.

27th. At four in the morning we weighed, and flood out of the bay with a light air eaflerly. At feven, hove to for a canoe which was paddling hard after us ; in her was the chief’s brother and our old filherman, who had wept heartily the evening before on parting with us, and partly becaufe the captain would not take him to Otaheite : at prefent they brought a note from Crook, with a letter for his fifler, and requefling fome foap which had been forgot. Accordingly, the quantity before packed up for him was put in the

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ranoe,* and a prcfent of an axe given to each of the meflengers, who preferring to go to Otaheite, left us very reluctantly. We now fliaped our courfe for Trevenen’s and Sir Henry Martin’s iflands, intending to obferve their relative fituation to Santa Chriftina, as we had reafon to fuppofe them erroneoully marked in the Iketch we had on board.

Concerning the cuftoms and manners of the people about Refo-lution bay, we learnt but little befides what is already related in our daily tranfadions ; for, except myfelf for a few hours on the firft two days after our arrival, and the captain and the third mate on the laft day of our Ray, no perfon was on fhore from the Ihip. But, finding this was likely to be the cafe, I wrote a number of queries ' to Crook, whofe time being likewdfe much taken up with his own affairs, he had not leifure to make the neccffary inquiries to anfwer them all. But, from his knowledge of the language, I think that what he fays of a few may be depended upon, and they are as follow :

“ Their religious ceremonies refemble thofe of the Society Iflands. “ They have a morai in each diftridt, where the dead are buried be-“ neath a pavement of large ftones, but with fuch exceptions as in the “ cafe of the chief Hönoo. They have a multitude of deities. Thofe “ moft frequently mentioned are Opooamanne, Okeeo, Oenamoe, “ Opee-peetye, Onooko, Oetanow, Fatee-aitapoo, Onoetye; but none “ who feem fuperior to the reft, though the extent of my inform-“ ation is fmall on this head. They only offer hogs in facrifices, “ and never men.

“ The chief Tënae prefides over four diftrids, Ohitahoo, Taheway, “ and Innamei, all opening into Refolution bay, and Onopoho, the lt;nbsp;adjoining valley to the fouthward. He has four brothers : Acow-“ taytay, Natooafeedoo, Oheephee, and Moeneenee ; but none of “ them feem invefled with any authority; and Tënae himfelf with “ lefs than the Otaheitean chiefs.

“ There is no regular government, eftablifhed law, or punifhments j but cuftom is the general rule.

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“ As to their food and mariners, like moft uncivilized nations, they “ have no regular meals, but eat when they are hungry, and here “ not in a great quantity at a time, this being their fcarce feafon. ‘ ‘ When they have a hog, they eat of it five or fix times a-day ; and when “ without animal food, they ufe the roafted bread-fruit, fith, mahie, “ pudding made of it and other vegetables, ahee-nuts, and a pafte “ made of a root refembling the yam ; and this they do often through “ the day. The women are not allowed to eat hog, and are proba-“ bly under other prohibitions as at Otaheite, and feem much more “ fervile to the men, and harfhly treated. They are employed in “ making cloth and matting, but not in cookery, except for them-“ felves. I have never obferved any of the men, from the chief to “ the toutou, at work, except a few old perfons making cords and “ nets. The reft idle about, and balk in the fun, telling their ftories, “ and beguiling the time.

“ The chief is faid to have three wives j the youngeft is with him “ here, the others in different parts of the ifland. He has feveral “ children, fome of which live with him here, and the others with “ their mothers. Obferving a pregnant woman, I afked her how “ many children flie had; the replied. Three. I with cd to know if “ they were by the fame man; fhc faid. Yes. I afked further, if he “ had any other wife ; fhe faid. No. Whence I am led to fuppofe, “ that, though Tënae has more wives than one, this is not ufual, “ and may be the privilege of the chief. They feem to be very ‘ ‘ fond of their children ; and when I went up the valley I faw the “ men often dandling them upon their knees, exadlly as I have “ obferved an old grandfather with us in a country village.

“ Their particular cuftoms I am not yet able to defcribe; but I “ learn, the fon muft not touch the clothes of the father, and muft “ walk before him on the road ; and tl'ie father muft not touch any thing, nor eat vitftuals which have paffed over the head of the fon. “ Before the age of puberty, the operation of flitting the prepuce is “ performed ; and all the men are tattoued, even to the very lips and

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“ eyelids. Their difeafes are few; I have indeed hardly obferved “ the appearance of any ; and they are as yet happily free from that “ fatal malady which has made fuch ravages in the Society Iflands.”

Refpeäing the perfons, drefs, canoes, amp;c. of thefe people, we found them exadly as defcribed in Cook’s Second Voyage, where he fays, that “ for fymmetry of fliape and regular features, they perhaps “ furpafs all other nations. Not a Angle deformed or ill-proportioned

“ and remarkably adtive. The men are from Ave feet ten inches high to Ax feet ; their teeth are not fo good, nor are their eyes fo full,

“ but none red; fome have it long, but the moft general cuftom is “ to wear it Ihort, except a bunch on each Ade of the crown, which “ they tie in a knot. Their countenances are pleaAng, open, and “ difplay much vivacity. They are of a tawny complexion, which “ is rendered almoft black by the pundures of the whole body. “ They were entirely naked, except a fmall piece of cloth round their “ waift and loins. Thefe pundures were difpofed with the utmoft “ regularity, fo that the marks on each leg, arm, and cheek, were “ in general Amilar.”

The women are rather of low ftature, though well-proportioned, and their general colour inclining to brown. We obferved that fome who, on our Arft arrival, were almoft as fair as Europeans, by coming offquot; to the Ihip and expoAng themfelves to the fun, became afterwards ' quite dark-coloured. But a few of thefe were pundlured or tattoued. The chief’s After had fome parallel lines on her arms, others flight pundures'on the inflde of their lips, and even upon their eyelids. They wear a long narrow piece of cloth wrapped two or three times round their waift, and the ends tucked up between their thighs : above this is a broad piece of cloth, nearly as large as a fheet, tied at the upper corners : they lay the knot over one flioulder, and the garment hanging loofe reaches half way down the leg.

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“ grows near the fea, and is very proper for the purpofe; their “ length is from fixteen to twenty feet, and about fixteen inches “ broad. The head and ftern are formed out of two folid pieces of “ wood; the former is curved, and the latter ends in a point, which “ projedts horizontally, and is decorated with a rude carved figure, “ having a faint refemblance to a human face. Some of the canoes “ have a latteen fail, but they are generally rowed with paddles.” However, except the one Tënae had hauled up on the beach, and two or three more, the reft were fo indifferent as hardly to fwim when there was a breeze of wind.

The only tame fowls are cocks and hens, and their quadrupeds only hogs ; but the woods are inhabited by fmall birds, whofe plumage is exceedingly beautiful, and their notes fweetly varied. We left cats and fhe-goats, and were forry we had no he-goat to give them, as they were fo fond of thefe animals, that the chief took them and Crook wherever he went.

28th. Before daybreak we faw feveral lights upon Trevenen’s illand j and as we run along the eaft fide in the morning we obferved two or three fandy bays, whence fertile valleys run towards the central hills, which laft are broken and rugged, rifing in feveral places into lofty cones, that give the illand a very curious appearance. From one of the bays there came off a canoe with four men, who after a length of time came alongfide, and got a few articles from us, for which they had nothing to give in return, but, feeming afraid of us, put off immediately. Behind the. north-eaft point a large double canoe lay, with about twenty men in her: they kept clofe to the rocks; we hove the Ihip to for them, but they alfo feemed afraid, and kept aloof. At this time we faw a fingle canoe put off from a fine bay on the north-weft fide ; this canoe was built exadlly like thofe at Santa Chriftina, and had the fame kind of latteen fail : they came clofe to the Ihip and talked boldly, and when they faw Tanno Manoo upon the deck, one of them ftood up and made fome very laf-civious geftures. We invited them alongfide ; where they at laft

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came, but had loft their courage, for they trembled with fear all the while they Raid. From them we got the native names of the iflands, as marked in the chart. They wifhed us to anchor in the bay, but this we had no defire to do ; fo we made them prefents and took our leave. They were Rout well-made men, differing nothing from thofe about Refolution bay, except in being rather lefs tattoued s their canoes, though built after the fame fafliion, are neater and Rronger; their houfes alfo, as feen from the fliip, appeared to be fuperior. The bay on the north-weR part of the illand feems eligible for Riipping, and may be diRinguiflied by a fmall but high iflet lying off it, and a beautiful and regular row of cocoa-nut trees behind a fine white fandy beach.

From the north end of Trevenen’s ifland we run N. by E. twenty-four miles, to within a mile of the fouth-eaR point of Sir Henry Martin’s ifland, which point is high and craggy : dole to the weR-ward of it is Comptroller’s bay, large, and fecure from the reigning winds. At the entrance, and near to Craggy point, there lies a fmall rock above water, in appearance like a boat. At the head of the bay we faw fome houfes in a cove, a vaR number of inhabitants affembled upon the beach, and feveral canoes hauled up near them. All the valleys about this bay appeared fertile, many of the hills were covered with trees, and the interior parts feemed more habitable than at any other of the Marquefas. WeRward of Comptroller’s bay lies Port Anna Maria, where the Dædalus lay ; and befides thefe, I think it highly probable that there are other good anchoring-places about this ifland. Captain New defcribes the inhabitants of thefe iflands as a handfome race of people, and extremely hofpitable, which is certainly greatly in favour of thofe who would fettle with miffionary views, efpecially when the fuperior natural advantages of the ifland are taken into the account. It being five o’clock in the afternoon when we got off Craggy point, we bore up, and, running down the fouth fide, took our departure for Otaheite, anxious to know in what circumRances we might find the brethren whom we had fettled there.

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Return from the Marquefas to Otaheite, wth the TranfaSlions ‘which had faffed during our Abfence.

29th. Having bent our courfe for the Society Iflands, we proceeded on our voyage with a favourable gale.

July 3d. We fell in with Tiookea, a lagoon ifland, many of which lie fcattered about this part of the ocean, and render the navigation in dark weather dangerous. We faw fmoke afcending in various parts, one failing canoe in the lagoon, and two men following us along Ihore. They appeared dark-coloured, had a piece of cloth tied round their middle, and each carried a fpear in his hand. Cook vifited this place on his fécond voyage. A lieutenant and the two Mr. Forfters landed ; the iflanders received them by touching nofes, a common mode of falutation all over the South Sea. They found here various plants, particularly a vegetable which the natives bruife and mix with Ihell-fifh : this preparation they throw into the fea, where they perceive a Ihoal of fifli, and intoxicating them, they are caught on the furface of the water, without any other trouble than that of taking them out : the name, they fay, which this plant bears among the natives is enow ; but here the Mr. Forfters have evidently miftaken the quality of the plant for its name : enow, in the language of the Society Iflands, means bad, and is doubtlefs in this inftance ufed by the natives to intimate that the plant was noxious or poifonous. But this miftake only Ihews how eafy it is to fall into others of a fimilar nature.

By obfervation at noon we made the centre of Tiookea in latitude 14° 30' S. and its longitude, by the chronometer, reduced from the

Marquefas and afterwards back from Otahcite, to be 146° 22'W. which is 1“ 12' W. of what Mr. Wales makes it. But had we not made Otaheite very exact by our chronometer, we fhould rather have been filent than fuppofed an error in fo good an authority as Mr. Wales. However, to be certain of this point is of confequence, as the longitude of feveral others of the fmall iflands is deduced from it, and this is the ifland a perfon would choofe to make firft in coming from the Marquefas.

Latitude obferved at noon 14° 29'j the fouth-weft end of Tiookea bearing E. N. E. three miles; and the extremes of an ifland to leeward, called Oura, from W. 3quot; N. to W. 27“ S.

6th. At feven in the morning we faw the high land of Otaheite ; and at noon, being clofe in, we ran between the Dolphin bank and Point Venus reef, and came to anchor in Matavai bay in thirteen fathoms water, and immediately moored fliip. The natives crowded off, all exceedingly glad to fee us ; the brethren followed in a flàt-bottorned boat, which they had been defired to build for the purpofe of pafiing the fliallow entrance of the river with the goods. The report they gave was pleafing to us all. They had, in general, enjoyed good health. The natives had conftantly obferved the fame re-fpeétful behaviour towards them as at firft, and had never failed a day to fupply them abundantly with all kinds of provifions. Refpeéling the purpofes of the miftion, it .was a point of which they could not as yet fay any thing more than that appearances were encouraging. From the little experience they had gained of the people, they fuppofed them teachable ; and though rooted in the traditions and prejudices of their anceftors, they hoped that a knowledge of the language, and perfeverance in their duty, would have a great effeél upon the rifing generation. Their example had already reftrained the natural levity of the natives, and overawed them ; fo that they feldom attempt to adt a heeva within their hearing ; and when they come near on the fabbath, they always behave with decency. Theif

March.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS, drefs and manners alfo exhibited 'great improvement on the fide of modefty.

However, in their own department, there had been fome difference of opinion concerning their interior regulations. Confidering their fmall number, their committee and the office of prefident had been diflblved i the office of ftore-keeper, amp;c. had alfo been changed j and all public meafures were debated, difapproved, or adopted, by the body ; a majority fettling the' matter. But their own journals will give the moft accurate ffatement of their proceedings during our abfence.

March 26th. The fhip quitted the bay of Mataväi this day, and was foon out of fight. Our brethren who laft departed from the fhip in a canoe had an unpleafant return, by reafon of the wind, and were obliged to land at a diftance, but got to their companions in the evening, and received their canoe and its contents fafe the next day.

27th. Brother Puckey informed the brethren refpeding Eimëo, and the veflel he had gone thither to examine. He advifed, that as Männe Manne and his people had been exceedingly friendly, they fhould launch the vefïèl, and bring her to Mataväi bay to be completed. Puckey and Lock were accordingly appointed to go to Eimëo for this purpofe. A confultation was held refpeéling Micklewright ; though all condemned his conduct, the majority prevailed, that, if he profeffed repentance, he fhould be received. Some of the brethren thought he ought to be wholly feparated from them as ’ a hypocrite.

28th. A confiderable prefent came from' Pomarre and Iddeah of all forts of provifions, afluring us, when thefe were expended, they would fend a confiant fupply.

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• 29th. We are daily vilited by the king, queen, Iddeah, and many of the natives. Some of the Otaheiteans, whom we have with us as helpers, fpeak many Englifh words, and are eager to be taught the art of reading ; they have already learnt moft of the characters of the alphabet, though our neceffary avocations have prevented us from paying much attention to this point, or from employing ourfelves in the acquifition of their language. We have provifion in great abundance : a gracious Providence evidently favours our defign.

31ft. Vifited by the king and queen; complained to them of the deftrudlion occafioned by the rats. They fent in immediately four cats.

April I ft. Vifited by the king and queen, and Mawroa the hulband of Pomärre’s fifter, a man of good fenfe and great authority : _ he brought a cheft to be repaired, and requefled Wm. Puckey to be his tayo ; he hefitated at firft, but, on the reprefentation of the Swede how much he could ferve us, he confented.

2d. Though multitudes of natives, with the king and queen, attended our worlhip, for want of our interpreter we were unable to addrefs them ; but they looked on filent whilfl; we preached and adminiftered the Lord’s fupper.

3d. Took three Otaheiteans to afiifi: in our cookery and attend our hogs. The king and queen brought a large prefent of cocoa-nuts to brother Cover and his wife, defiring to become their adopted children, and promifing to regard them as their father and mother. Pomârre and Iddeah brought a larger in the evening, and begged them to receive the king and queen as their own progeny. The women croffed the river to vifit the garden and the country around ; the king followed them, and paid them every mark of attention, diredling them to the beft roads, and ordering his attendants to provide cocoa-nuts for their refrelhment. It is incredible to fee the quantity of provifions poured in upon us ; we have not lefs than a waggon-load of fruits, befides the multitudes of hogs and poultry. Surely the Lord hath done this.

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4th. At a quarter paft eight o’clock we alTembled for our monthly prayer meeting ; were revived with the confideration of the thoufands. of God’s people who were remembering us, and at the fame throne of grace praying for our fuccefs among the heathen.

5th. Our daily royal vifitors have taken up their abode of late at Mataväi, on purpofe to, be near us. Pomärre brought a chair to be repaired, which the captain had given him, with a mulket and fowling-piece : thefe -we excufed ourfelves from repairing, except the chair, till the fmith had fet up his forge ; but he left them with us. Their huts very much refemble a travelling camp of gypfies.

6th. Early this morning Otoo fent ten men to prepare wood for creóling the blackfmith’s fhop. Our brethren from Eimëo returned, and made us the pleafing report, that they had been very kindly received by the natives, who never attempted to fteal any of our tools, and were ready to give us every afliftance. Brother J. Puckey, ©n the Lord’s day, had addrefled them by Andrew; they heard attentively, and faid it was ‘very good ; but it could be of no ufe to them to change their religion, as the brethren would fo foon leave them and carry away the book. We aflured them we would return and teach them again very foon. The natives replied, if any of the chiefs embraced our -rdligien they fhould follow.

The veflel they had planked up, fo that ftic would be fit to come over in a few days.

Micklewright’s condudl was very diftrefling to us ; none of our rcmonftrances could keep him from the natives.

8th. One of the arreoies, the tayo of brother Henry, came to us with his wife big with child ; they were taking their leave of us, in order, during their abfence, to deftroy the infant which ftiould be born, according to the ordinance of that diabolical fociety. We thought this a proper opportunity to remonftrate with them againft this horrid cuftom. The mother felt with tendernefs, and appeared willing to fpare the infant ; but the brutal chief continued obftirrately bent on Eis purpofe, though he acknowledged it -a bloody ad, pleading the

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eftabliflied cuftom, his lofs of all privileges, and the diffolution of the fociety, if this fhould become general. We offered to build them ’a houfe for the pregnant women, and take every child which fhould be born into our immediate care. We threatened him, that fuch an unnatural aél would exclude him from our friendfhip for ever, and more, that the Eatöoa, our God, would certainly punifh him. He feid, if he faw the arreoies deftroyed by the Eatöoa for it, he would defifl; and afked if their forefathers were fullering for thefe praélices. Our brethren failed not to open to him the wrath of God againft all ungodlinefs and unrighteoufnefs of men. On this he walked off dejeóled, but not apparently determined to defift from the evil or danger of his ways. A few days afterwards he came, and promifed, if the child were born alive, he would bring it to us ; and on another vifit afterwards with his wife, renewed his promife, on forfeiture of our favour.

Männe Manne returned from Opärre with abundance of clothes and provifion for all the brethren. We took the opportunity to inform Pomärre, that next day we fhould fpeak to them the paröw no t’Eatöoa, the word of God j and invited them to come, which they promifed.

9th. Brother Lewis preached from T^hou Jhalt not kill, to the king, queen, Männe Manne, and a number of the natives, who heard with ferions attention, and faid, “ My ty te paröw no Prëtane, imä “ tipperähai mydide, imä pöhhe röä té taata : Good is the word “ of Britain, not to kill children, not to facrifice men.” The high-prieft whifpering fomething, we alked him what hç faid j he an-fwered, he told the people to leave off their wicked ways.

Pomärre and Iddeah came at noon, and going into the married brethren’s apartment, found them converfing with the arreoies on the evil of deftroying infants. Iddeah was particularly addreffed on the fubjeól, as fhe too was pregnant by a toutou who cohabited with her, and was alfo of the arreoie fociety. Pomärre and Iddeah had for fome time ceafed to cohabit j he had taken another wife, and flie one

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of her fervants ; but they lived in the fame date of friendfliip, and with no lofs of dignity. The brethren endeavoured to convince her of the dreadfulnefs of murder, in a mother efpecially. They pro-mifed to receive the child immediately, and it fhould be no trouble to her ; but fhe was füllen, and made no reply. They then addrefled Pomärre, and entreated his interference in fuppreffing fuch aéls of inhumanity ; and to give orders that no more human facrifices fhould be offered. He replied, he would ; faid, that Captain Cook told him it fhould not be done ; but did not ftay long enough to inftruft them. One of the brethren then faid, that we were come for that exprefs purpofe, and hoped he would hearken to our counfel j pointing out all the danger and difadvantage to themfelves ; and warning them, that if they defpifed our inftruélions, and continued in their wicked praäices, we fhould leave them and go to another ifland, where we could hope for more attention. Pomärre was evidently » affeded by what was faid, and efpecially could not bear the thought of our leaving him ; and promifed he would ufe all his authority to put an end to thefe pradtices. He indeed appears of a teachable dif* pofition and open to convidlion. Männe Manne came in during this converfation ; and we told him freely, that if he offered any more human facrifices he would utterly forfeit our friendfhip, and muff confider us as his enemies. He replied, he certainly would not. On this we informed him, that our Lord knew his heart, whether he was fincere in his promifes.

We renewed our attempts with Iddeah, invited her to continue with us, and fuffer our women to take care of her child ; that her example would have the happieft effedls upon the nation ; and knowing her eagernefs for European cloth, we promifed her three fhirts, and any other articles, when the fliip arrived; yea more, that we would report her conduél to Queen Charlotte and the Britifh earee ladies, to whom nothing would more endear her; and that the next fhip would affuredly bring her very valuable prefents. She faid the child was bafe born; had it beenPomarre’s, it would have lived; but

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that now they were arreoies—and marched off with her paramour, who fat by and heard with utter indifference.

In the afternoon we again addreffed the natives through the interpreter. We alked them if they underftood what we faid ; they an-fwered, Yes, and that it was very good. Among our auditors was Mawröa, the hufband of Pomarr»e’s filler, widow of Motuaro, the late chief of Eimëo. In converfation with us, he faid he was re-folved to throw away the gods that could neither hear, nor fee, nor fpeak, and worfhip the Englifh God-. He put feveral queflions to us, particularly, whether it was not lawful for a man to have one wife ; we told him, affuredly ; it was an ordinance of our God : to which he replied, “ My ty, my ty,*very good.”

10th. A wet day. In the intervals of the fhowers went in queft of a fituation for eroding new habitations, the prefent not having the land fo good around them, and being a very fandy foil. We did not fix, but the majority feemed defirous to build on the fpot which the mutineers had chofen, as having the advantages of foil, as well as the eaflerly breezes from the mountain ; feveral waterfalls near formed a meandering flream through the valley j the foot of the mountains abounded in bread-fruit and cocoa-nut, and the land appeared fuited for cultivation, being cleared of trees which had been burned down by the mutineers ; with an opening to the well, which let in a beautiful view of Mataväi bay, and a diflant profpedt of Eimëo.

12th. This day Iddeah appeared again in public, and Männe Manne communicated to us the afflidlive intelligence that fhe had murdered her new-born babe. It was therefore refolved by the brethren, that no more prefents fhould be received from Iddeah ; and that our marked difapprobation of her conduél fhould be fhewn whenever flie came to our houfe. Commenced a weekly leélure ; brother Henry fpoke from ‘ ‘ The Son of Man is come to feek and ‘ ‘. fave that which was lofl : ” the king and many Otaheiteans were prefent.

vegetables, which were feparated into four parcels. We alked Pomarre from whom they came ; we thankfully accepted his, but refufed to touch thofe which Iddeah offered, and affigned our reafons, which Andrew communicated. She was highly offended j faid fhe had a right to do with her children as fhe pleafed, and fhould obferve the cufloms of the country without minding our difpleafure ; and walked off with her toutou, leaving the prefent behind: a new cheft which had been made for her, being her own materials, was given her, and fhe carried it off with her. Yet her unnatural crime did not utterly pafs unpunifhed ; a dreadful milk abfcefs brought her under the furgeon’s knife, and repeated fharp rebukes ; yet her heart appeared ftill hardened. She is a bold daring fpirit, and much more warlike than her hufband Pomarre. As we would not receive Iddeah’s prefent, we wifhed Männe Manne to diftribute it to the natives, in-ftead of which he carried it off to his own houfe.

Yet even this is but one among many unnatural crimes which we dare not name, committed daily without the idea of fhame or guilt» In various diftrióts of the ifland there are men who drefs as women ; Work with them at the cloth ; are confined to the fame provifions and rule of eating and dreffing ; may not eat with the men, or of their food, but have feparate plantations for their peculiar ufe.

■ It is remarkable, that with all thefe horrid vices fo predominant, in our prefence they never fhew an attitude or commit an adl un-feemly j indeed they profefs hardly to know what we are, and fufpeól we are not Englifhmen, or like any others they have feen who have ever vifited their ifland.

It may be worth a remark, that Iddeah had not been abfent from our houfe two days before fhe appeared as if nothing ailed her : with fo little inconvenience do the moll painful operations of nature affeót thofe of that happy climate.

14th. Männe Manne brought us more hogs, and one of our fows having farrowed, we had now fifty-nine in the fty,— fo that we may truly fay the good of the land is before us. Brother J elfer fca

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addreflèd the natives, with the king and queen ; fome of them looked fo ftedfaftly at the minifter, as if eager to devour every word that was fpoken. “ My heart,” fays W. Puckey, “ was much engaged * ‘ in fecret prayer for thefe poor fouls

15th. Wanted plank for the blackfmith’s Ihop j told the king. He faid, “ Hârry-mïe, come along.” I thought he had fome ready ; I went with him and fix men ; he carried me up the valley, and fearching every houfe took what he liked : many of the people fioutly refilled, but his men would not leave a plank. I told the king, with whom we exercife the moll entire familiarity, that he was a thief. “ No,” fays he, “ it is the cullom of Otaheite.”

The king was carried on men’s Ihoulders, and through fuch dangerous places, that he ran the greatell rilk of breaking his bones ; but he mull not alight, as every place his foot touches becomes facred and his own ground. At lall we arrived at a territory of his own ; when alighting, he took a majellic llride, and llalking on, “ Puckey,” fays he, “ is this as King George walks ?” I told him. Yes. Having gone about three miles I defired to return, though the king would have gone farther, notwithllanding the rain. He then gave me a hog, and made the people from whom he had taken the plank carry it down to our houfe.

I waited two hours, but the rain not abating, Ipulhed homewards; in crolfing the river I had like to have been carried away by the Ilream, and cried out ; one of our fervants immediately plunged in, and brought me fafe to land, though drenched to the Ikin as I had been the whole day.

16th. This day we thrice addrelfed the natives by our interpreter, and with their ufual attention ; but as foon as they retired, they fell, like children, to their own light amufements. The Lord grant the feed fown may take firmer root in their hearts !

17th. Having given in the plan of the flat-bottomed boat which was to be built againft the captain’s return, it was approved. Po-mârre, on application, ordered fix men to attend me : I had liberty

to cut down whatever I chofe, and had not proceeded far before I found an excellent poüröw tree, fufficient to build a veffel of any burden j it moll refembles alh, but the wood is harder ; it grows crooked, and is very capital for timbers and knees. The natives with me defired me not to do any thing, but only to mark where and how to cut, and they would do the work,

18th. Not able to work through pain in my back, my tayo and his wife coming, they defired to chamfer me, which gave me great relief. The fhop being finiflied, and brother Hodges with Haflell at work, the natives crowded round him, but vaftly frightened with the fparks and hiffing of the iron in water. Pomarre came, fu-premely delighted with the bellows and forge, and catching the black-fmith in his arms, all dirty as he was, joined nofes with him, and expreffed his high fatisfadlion. After work they were going to bathe themfelves in the river, when the young king laid hold of an arm of each, and went down with them to bathe. His queen, Tetua, followed, and faid to HafTell, “ Harre no t’avye. Go into the wa-“ ter:” but they fignified they wilhed ihe would leave them firfi on this fhe retired : as for herfelf, fiie often bathes at noon-day attended by twenty men, feldom ever having any women to wait on her.

20th. A native fiole a box for the fake of the nails; we feized and confined him for three hours, and then liberated him, informing him, that, fhould any be caught in future, they fliould be more feverely punifhed. Soon after Pomärre and Männe Manne brought a peace-ofiering of a pig and plantain-leaf. The leaf we accepted, but we faid we could not receive the pig, having forgiven the offence.

. 2ifi. Two of our brethren went with three natives to procure more wood : we went up the valley ; it is about feven miles long and a quarter of a mile broad, with very little defcent, which makes the river meander flowly through it. It is covered with trees, except a few verdant fpots from whence the wood is cleared. The mountains-on both fides are exceedingly high and perpendicular, covered with

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flirubs and trees, where parrots, parroquets, and a kind of grey thrufh which lings delightfully, build their nefts. The natives are numerous and flourifliing ; they fee the fun but a few hours in the day, his beams being intercepted by the mountains, and a light cool breeze blows downward continually. They have fine plantations of yava and cloth trees neatly enclofed ; and they have all the other edibles in vaft profufion, but are fo indolent, that they hardly are at the pains to gather them. They eat when they are hungry, and fleep when they pleafe. There were feveral infedted with that horrible difeafe Europeans probably have left them, and fome with their limbs ready to drop off.

Staying at a houfe till the reft returned, having made my feet fore, the kind inhabitant prefented me his wife ; and though I excufed myfelf from that favour, he inftantly prepared a hog, which was ready as foon as my companions came from the mountain j whilft our hoft himfelf would wait on his guefts.

At our return brother Henry was preaching to the natives ; and after fervice Männe Manne obferved, that “ we gave them plenty “ of the word of God, but not of many other things.”

22d, 23d. Nothing but the ufual fervices ; read the articles of religion we had fubfcribed.

24th. On a meeting of our fociety we agreed to new -regulations, aboli filing the committee of five ; and as each had his vote in our deliberations, a fecretary only was thought neceflary, and a prefident, to be chofen at each meeting. We drew up rules for every day’s work} the bell to ring at fix ; to be aflembed for prayer in half an hour ; to labour till ten at our various occupations ; to fpend from ten till three in mental improvement ; from three till night at our ufual employment j bell to ring at feven for prayer, and the journal to be read. We then proceeded to divide our iron for traffic, and caft lots for the watches.

27th. Purfuing our various employments, and daily attended by the natives. Five of us ,went to Eimêo with Männe Manne to finilh.

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his veflel. The brethren at Eimco were moft hofpitably entertained ; but Micklewright, the Reward, having warped the Swede, and difinclined him to us, he made a variety of excufes for not interpreting to the people as ufual. Having an addrefs tranflated, brother Cover defired to read it to them, which Männe Manne approving,' under the fhade of a fpreading tree they fung, “ Salvation, O the “ joyful found,” amp;c. and after prayer read the addrefs; at the clofc of which Manne Manne exclaimed, “ Very good fellow !” and on alking the natives if they underflood what was read, they replied, “ Yes, it was very good.” They then croffed the bay, fully an-fwering Cook’s defcription. The face of this ifland is very romantic : the land around it is like the ruins of a ftupendous fortification. The diftriét of Watawy is lefs mountainous and better cultivated than any at Otaheite ; the foil deep and good. We retired to reft on fome Otaheite cloth laid on the boards of the veffel. Brothers Bicknell and Cock worked at the veffel, whilft Cover, with Andrew, with much difficulty was preparing a tranflated addrefs ; obliged to omit many fentences for want of words. Set off for Otaheite; flept at Popo bay in the canoe, very uncomfortably. The wind in-creafing, we were driven to leeward, and juft made Attahooroo. Earneft to reach our houfe for the fabbath, we fet off on foot, and left the canoe with the natives.

On the way we vifited the tupapow of Orapiah : he is in a fitting pofture, clothed in red cloth, under a fhed; a native attending day and night, and offering provifions to the mouth of the dead corpfe, which not being received, he eats them himfelf. We reached home after twelve o’clock, very much fatigued, not having put off our clothes fince we left Matavai.

29th, 30th. Our brethren w’ere actively employed, fawing plank for the boat. The natives are vaftly furprifed to fee us cut fo many boards out of one tree, two being the moft they attempt : they are amazed to obferv'e the facility with which we work all our tools. Going to the blackfmith’s (hop, I obferved a chief peeping in ; I

alked him why he went not within; he faid he was (mattow) frighted, and angry with the fire for fpitting at him. As foon as the iron hilîès in the water, or on the anvil, the natives fly.

Three of the brethren accompanied Pomärre in a journey through the ifland, in order to make obfervations.

May The king came with a mufket and four piftols to be repaired and cleaned. On confultation we demurred to the reqpeft j but as he had lent a hog and other things to the fmith, we ordered one of the piftols to be done, and put off the reft for a while.

2d. Our monthly prayer meeting. We Ihall tranfcribe a paflage from one of the journals on this occafion, which others will feel with fenfations of delight as we do : “ O Lord, how greatly haft thou “ honoured me, that thoufands of thy dear children Ihould be “ praying for me, a worm! Lord, thou haft fet me in a heathen “ land, but a land, if I may fo fpeak, flowing with milk and “ honey. O put more grace and gratitude into my poor cold heart, “ and grant that I may never with Jefhurun grow fat and kick.’*

3d. Employed on the boat. Vifited by the king and queen, who fupply all our wants. Our hogs are increafed to feventy; and we have entreated them to bring no more. One óf our Iheep brought a fine young ram lamb, much wanted. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;•

5th. Held a meeting preparatory to the communion. Brother Lewis, as eldeft minifter, after prayer, examined every one with great fidelity and tendernefs, giving .fuch exhortation and reproof as was neceffary. A happy opennefs of mind and melting of heart prevailed ; and fymptoms of genuine contrition for any paft improprieties towards each other. This was the firft meeting of the kind we had held, and it was truly profitable: we experienced fomething of the healing and refrefhing prefence of God with us. Refolved fuch meeting Ihould be monthly.

7th. Vifited by a chief prieft from Papara, Temärree, who is reputed equal tQ Männe Manne, He is called an Eatöoa; fometimes, Tâata no t’Eatooa, the man of the Eatöoa : he was drelfed in a w/apper

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of Otaheitean cloth, and over it an officer’s coat doubled round him. At his firft approach he appeared timid, and was invited in : he was but juft feated when the cuckoo clock ftruck, and filled him with aftonifhment and terror. Old Pyetëa had brought the bird fomc bread-fruit, obferving it muft be ftarved if we never fed it. At breakfaft we invited Temârree to our repaft ; but he firft held out his hand with a bit of plantain, and looked very folemn, which one of the natives faid was an offering to the Eatöoa, and we muft receive ; when we had taken it out of his hand, and laid it under the table, he fat down and made a hearty breakfaft.

Brother Cover read the tranflated addrefs to all thefe refpeded guefts, the natives liftening with attention, and particularly the prieft, who feemed to drink in every word, but appeared difpleafed when urged to caft away their falfe gods } and on hearing the names Jehovah and Jefus, he would turn and whifper. The people were examined by the brethren if they underftood what was faid, and repeated a confiderable part of what had been delivered, and feemed greatly pleafed.

9th. Temârree accompanied the king and queen, and ftaid to dine with us. He is, we find, of the royal race, and fon of the famed Oberea. He is the firft chief of the ill and after Pomarre, by whom he has been fubdued, and now lives in friendfhip with him, and has adopted his fon. He is alfo high in efteem as a prieft. His name of Eatöoa engaged our converfation. We told him the Eatöoa could not die, as he muft. A by-ftanding native faid, “ that he “ muft be a bad Eatöoa indeed ; for he had himfelf feen one of his “ kind killed with a mufket ; and that they were no gods who could “ be killed.” Thefe priefts pretend to great power, as forcerers, to kill and make alive ; and the people are in much awe of them : but we fet their power at nought.

12th. We received afflidlive intelligence that Micklewright and the Swede had fired upon the inhabitants at Eimëo ; this grieved

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and alarmed us. We difpatched a letter to our brethren then with Pomârre, advifing them of what had happened, and haftening their return. With thefe men we determined to have no more intercourfe.

13th. The birth-day of little Otoo Haflell ; but this name is fo facred here, that every word into which Otoo enters is prohibited, and may only be ufed in fpeaking of and to the king.

14th. The tayo of Puckey returned from Oparre, and brought a prefent : it being the Lord’s day, he declined accepting it till the next morning. _ Fewer natives attended the worfhip to-day than ufual.

15th. Our brethren returned in confequence of our letters, all but brother Main, who Raid one night with Temärree : he joined us the next day.

16th. The account they give is, that they made the circuit of the greater peninfula, and entered Tiaraboo, which Pomârree reprefented as of very difficult travelling j fo they returned by the fouth, and were every where kindly received, and moft hofpitably entertained by Temärree, who prevailed on brother Main to be his tayo, and gave him and brother Clode each a double canoe, fhewing them all his ftores and fire-arms which he got from the mutineers; the guns, however, by the policy of the Swedes, are all bent. Pomârre, and the king and queen, would fain have detained them, not meaning themfelves to return to Matavai till the ffiip comes. Every evening and morning the king, or fome of the people, reminded them of the parow, or prayer, and joined with them attentively ; but fometimes the natives were noify and interruptive : however, the brethren daily maintained their worffiip, and on the fabbath retired, and enjoyed fweet communion with God.

Their fingularity of manners in this part of the ifland, which had not been vifited by them, their finging, and alking a bleffing on their meals, excited furprife and laughter, though probably not the laugh of contempt ; for every where they were treated fumptuoufly, and fometimes on a table, with plates, in the Englifh fafliion. Wc 4

cannot omit an obfervation here made by one of the brethren : “Yet “ all this kindnefs is not the gofpel: were we as gods among them, “ we fhould be wretched, if they believed not our meflage.”

“ A prieft, who pretended to great power in witchcraft, pro-“ duced a rufh wrapped up in the form of a bird, and fliewed me,’* fays one of the miffionaries, “ how they worfliipped their god by “ this inftrument, and intimated that it gave the divine refponfe as “ our bible. To a curious perfon it would have been a feaft to “ examine, but my bowels yearned over their ignorance and idolatry.

“ The fame prieft very kindly anointed my legs, which were much , “ affeded, with the juice, of an herb, which gave me more relief “ before morning than all the applications I had made for three “ weeks before ; fo that they are not deftitute of fome medical know-“ ledge, probably the refult of experience.”

Faffing into Tiaraboo, we vifited Pomarre’s youngeft fon at Mato wee, his diftriót, the beft cultivated and moft populous we have feen. We flopped at Wyoteea, as Pomarre faid the next diftriél was not friendly to him ; but we went ourfelves and returned, and met the fame civilities every where.

On our return, brother Broomhall, through fatigue, and catching cold, had one day a Iharp feverifh attack. One of the priefts told him this ficknefs was inflided upon him by the Otaheite Eatöoa, who was angry, and would kill him. Broomhall faid he was not at all afraid of their god, who was a bad god, or rather no god ; that our Jehovah fent it, and would remove it thé next day. The faying inftantly fpread among the natives ; and brother Broomhall began to fear he had fpoken too haftily and unthinkingly of his fpeedy recovery, and that God might be diffionoured if his illnefs increafed : he therefore looked up earneftly to God in prayer to heal him. The prieft came to him again and again, as he turned in his bed, and alked if he fliould be well to-morrow ? He faid, he trufted his God would reftore him. He had a refrefliing night’s fleep, and on the morrow found himfelf recovered, and rofe. Many of the natives that

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day queftioned him if he was well, and feemed aftonifhed at his recovery. The prieft, among the reft, defired to know if the Pretanee God had fent away the ficknefs j he faid. Yes ; and took this occa-fion to fpeak to him about their fuperftitions, and urged that the gods which he and his deluded followers worfhipped were no gods j but the prieft infifted that they had gods, and a great many, and that they prayed to the good ones to keep away the bad ones j and if he did not biefs the food, the bad gods would enter into the men and kill them. Brother Broomhall replied, that they were under no ap-prehenfion of the bad god entering their food, let him pray as much as he pleafed, he fhould eat without fear ; but the prieft faid, he did not wilh to do him harm, and walked off confounded. This cir-cumftance fhews we muft expeól oppofition when we have acquired the language, and go forth among them to teftify that their deeds are evil. O that we may rejoice in being counted worthy to fufter for Chrift’s name fake !

The accounts of former navigators as to the populoufnefs of the country are greatly exaggerated. We think that not a fourth part fo many will be found as Captain Cook fuppofes, perhaps not a tenth.

In this excurfion we vifited one chief, in whofe houfe were many wooden gods, of different names : the god of the fun, and moon, and ftars, of men, and women, and children, amp;c. They had each a fword, axe, or hammer in their hands, which, the prieft faid, was to kill thofe who offended them, unlefs they offered a facrifice or atonement for their crime. When they offer any thing, whether men or hogs, or a canoe, they fay, “ Take this, and be not angry.”—Yet to thefe wooden reprefentatives they feemed to pay little refpedf.

15th. Held a very profitable meeting, to exprefs the feelings of our minds refpeding the work in which we are engaged. Haffell and Hodges went to feek free fand at Oparre, but found none. Every houfe offered them fowls, if they would ftay the drefling; and at Pomärre’s a hog was immediately killed and drcffed ; they got twenty pine-apple plants ; and as they returned they were met every where by the people

with apples, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit j and one man forced upon them a balket containing a roafted fowl and bread-fruit, which they brought home. “ I took occafion,” fays one of them, “ to fpeak “ againft their intoxication with yava. They faid it only made them “ dance, and tobacco did the fame. I wifh it never had been brought “ here by us.”

19th—23d. Several fucceeding days are only marked with ordinary occurrences. Happily to-day our After Henry increafed our number with a healthy female child, after a fafe and eafy delivery. Thus, inftead of death making inroads among us, and in a climate fo different from our native foil, not one of us is debilitated with difeafe. Surely the defire of every heart is to devote all our ftrength to the glory of the great Author of it.

27th. The boat goes on brilkly, and will foon be finifhed. Two of us went to examine the coral reef before the mouth of the river : on the infide the depth is very irregular ; in fome places the water is two or three fathoms, in others a boat can fcarcely pafs. The bottom is beautiful ; branching trees of coral, with fmall fifh of the moft beautiful and vivid colours fwimming in the midft of them. Our canoe upfet, but no danger enfued.

28th. “ This evening, after divine fervice, I walked,” fays W. Puckey, “ with a native who had been fome time with us ; and

from the beautiful fcene of creation around us, I took occafion to “ difcourfe of Him who made all thefe things. He faid, The God

of Prëtane made all things there, but not at Otaheite; that one of their gods reached up, and ftuck the ftars in the Iky ; and that

“ Mawwa, a being of enormous ftrength, holds the fun with ropes, fo that he may not go fafter than he pleafes. I endeavoured to

“ undeceive him refpeóling thefe tales of their priefts ; and, pointing “ to the houfe at Opärre, told him they were no gods who were “ placed there, but the work of men’s hands -, for there the three

great gods, Ooroo, Tane, and Taroa are, to whom they only facrifice in great extremities, when the priefts fay they are angry.

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“ I alked the young man, how they knew they were angry. He laid, “ By fpeaking to us. I alked how this was done; he laughing laid, “ on thefe occafions, a prieft wrapped himfelf in a bundle of cloth, rolled up like a ball, and fpoke in a Iharp, llirill, fqueaking voice, “ ‘I am angry ; fetch me hogs, kill a man, and my anger will be ap-“ peafed.’ I endeavoured to fhew him the folly and knavery of the “ impofture, and regretted my want of words and language to make “ myfelf better underftood. May the Lord haften the happy time, “ when .the power of the gofpel fhall take root in the hearts of thefe benighted people!”

29th. Refolved, without delay, to ereft a building for Mr. Lewis to print a vocabulary and grammar ; and that each member have a copy, and one be fent to the diredlors.

30th. Männe Manne fent his tayo, Mr. Cover, a prefent of a double canoe, three goats, and about twenty fowls j with thefe came a letter from Andrew, the Swede, directed to Mr. Cover, wherein he exprefles a defire to have fome of the carpenters fent over to Eimëo, to aftift in finifliing Männe Manne’s velfel. We much fufpeft the truth of what it contains, it is as follows :

“ Upon the requeft of your friend Männe Manne, I muft inform “ you, that he defires your brethren would come over to us as foon “ as poflible ; and if no more than one can be fparcd, that he would “ bring a faw along with him, by means of which we may be able “ to proceed in finifhing the velfel, which, at the prefent time, is in “ danger of being burnt down to alhes, on account of a fpite that “ Pomärre’s wife has againft the old man and me, and even your-“ felves, for us telling her that fhe was in the wrong in killing of “ her own child. She has ordered the people in almoft every diftrift “ of Eimëo to feize upon the old man, and kill him, and us, and “ every one that Ihould take his part. We were alfaulted the 8th of “ this month by an infurreflion of about three hundred men, be-

** longing to our own place, that came on purpofe to infult us ; but “ we being forewarned a few days ago of their intentions, they did

not fucceed to their with, as the fteward and I were on our guard i “ and, as foon as they began to infult the old man, by firing a round

or two amongft them they difperfed without the lofs of any life, “ or hurt, except one man that was wounded by me, at the firft onfet, with my cutlafs. They have now afleed our pardon, and begged peace ; but are ft ill very miftruftful of them, as they have “ removed what little they have to a diftant part ; that we are under the neceflity of keeping a good look-out at night, for fear of them

** fetting fire to the houfe, which they have threatened to do. So if you cannot fpare any of the brethren to come over, pleafe to fend word by the bearer of this what you think is heft to be done. And, if any one fhould come, I would advife them to bring fome-thing of defence with them, as that would greatly add to the fccu-rity of ourfelves, as well as that of the veflel.

“ Etc has likewife fulfilled his promife to you, by fending you a pair of canoes, three goats, and fome fowls. He has alfo fent by the bearer two pieces of red cloth, which he wifhes you to get “ made into an uniform coat, turned up with black or blue, and to “ have it done as foon as poffible, fo that the bearers of .this may bring it back with him when he returns, which will be fome time in going round to Tiaraboo.

“ For my own part, I am forry I could not come over to you, on account of the old -man being afraid to ftaysby himfelf amongft thofe troublefome neighbours of ours. We are ftill contented, and will be more comforted by hearing that you and your brethren enjoy good health, unity ^and concord amongft yourfelves, and peace with the natives. I have no more news at prefent, and “ therefore remain, with efteem, your friend and well-wiflier,

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At a meeting of the brethren, where this letter was read, it was thought unfafe for any of them to go to Eimëo while there was caufe of apprehenfion and danger. Neither could they at that time fpare a faw, as they were employed in much neceffary work of their own. But they agreed that the coat for Männe Manne Ihould be made with all poflible difpatch.

We have ftrong intimations given us that Micklewright and the Swede intend to feize Männe Manne’s vcflcl as foon as Ihe is fit for fea, and make for Port Jackfon.

This afternoon our boat being completed, with the help of the natives, we got her out of the houfe, and launched her into the river. It is twenty-two feet long, fix broad, forty-fix inches at each end j the bottom feventeen ; height two feet fix inches.^j^Forty natives and two or three brethren jumped in as flie went off, and* rowed down to the fea : fhe moves very fwiftly, confidering her flat bottom, draws only two inches of water, and is about fix tons burden.

June I ft. Held our preparation meeting for the Lord’s fupperj brother Jefferfon, leader : a precious and profitable feafon ; great open- -nefs of heart. Where any grievance had fubfifted, each acknowledged his fault, and exprefled tender mutual forgivenefs j and much blcfling followed.

2d, 3d. Employed in fitting up a printer’s fhop. Vifited by a number of ftrangers, and by Whyooa, the younger brother of Pomärre, with his wife, a very elegant woman : fitted up a bedftead for him, with which he was highly gratified.

4th. Enjoyed the ordinance of the Lord’s fupper. A large body of natives aflembling round us, we embraced the opportunity of reading to them an addrefs, tranflated by the Swede, which they faid they underftood, exprefled themfelves pleafed, and fpoke of it to one another. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.

Sth. About fifty people crofled the river, fent from Pomärre with provifions, confifting of three hogs, bread-fruit, cocoa-nut, and

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mountain plantain, which each man carried at the ends of a pole pafled over his fliouldtr.

6th. The monthly pray er-meeting at nine. How many holy liands are lifted up for us !

yth. The natives who live with us pilfer us ; one of them this morning confefled, and impeached his companions. They charged principally two perfons who had left us : thefe were fent for, and one of them being taken, owned the ftealing of a large axe, and a check flrirt. He was imprifoned, but the ftolen goods being brought back by his friends, he was releafed with a reprimand i a cleaver was alfo found at Attahooroo, and brought back. The other thief being at the ifland of Eimëo, the natives fet off in a canoe to take him. In the evening I fpoke to the young man we had difcharged, reminded him -of the kindnefs we had fhewn him when ill, and his ingratitude ; he faid, with tears in his eyes, he was a taata eno, a very bad man.

9th. Dr. Gillham having his clothes ftolen while he was bathing, three or four of us purfued the thief i he fled. Hearing a drum, we hafted to the place, and having intelligence the thief was there, we rufhed in, and feized him finely drefled for dancing ; about a hundred fled in a minute; we begged them not to be frightened, as we only wanted the thief, whom we brought off, and chained to a pillar of the houfe ; yet he contrived to go off with the padlock ; but being purfued, it was recovered, and he was difmifled. None ever think of refifting ; yet, ftrange quot;to tell ! though they will run any rifk to fteal, they fcarcely ever ufe what they get, but lay it up. Pomajre and Otoo have each more articles than any among us, yet they produce none, wear only a piece of cloth round them, and are ever craving for more.

nth. Brother Cov^ baptized the infant daughter of brother Henry, and preached a very judicious difcourfe on baptifm. Many of the natives were prefent, and looked with wonder, as if inquiring, what can thefe things mean ? They all exprefled great pleafure that a white woman had produced a child among them, and are exceedingly fond of

the infant. Hearing a hceva the other fide of the river, we called to them to defift. Old Pyatea’s wife came out, and faid they would do fo no more, as it was the God of Prëtane’s day, and immediately left off dancing.

We walked up the valley about a mile, where we have thoughts of creeling our new manfions j fat down under a tree : the natives, men, women, and children, flocked around us, and fat down ; we fung an hymn, and went to prayer for the falvation of the heathen, in which themfelves joined in attitude. “ O how I antedate the time,” fays Puckey, “ when I fhall be able to fpeak the language of thefe “ poor heathen ! what opportunities fhall I then enjoy ! O for more of the primitive zeal of God’s faints to declare his truth !” 12th. This day the coat was fent to Eimeo for Männe Manne by a man from Cornelius Lind, who waited for that purpofe. A letter accompanied it in anfwer to that we had received.

“Sir, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mat aval, y une XT, th.

“ Your letter of the i6th ult. I received on the 29th, with a “ canoe, three goats, and feveral fowls, as a prefent from my tayo “ Männe Manne ; for which you will make him my grateful ac-“ knowledgmenls, and affiire him it will afford me pleafure when “ I fliall be able to render him a more fuitable return. Your requeft “ that two of the miffionaries might be fent to affift in finifhing the veffel, I laid before our body, and it was unanimoufly agreed, that “ in the prefent ftate of the fociety we could not part with any of “ the brethren, becaufe of the work neceflary to be done before the “ arrival of the Duff, which we expedt in a few days; and all the “ time we can fpare will be needed for getting ready our letters for “ Europe.

With refpedl' to the infurredlion you mention, of the 8th ult. “ various reports have reached our ears, which give us great un-eafinefs, as we were informed you had killed two men. Knowing neither the caufe which led to the perpetration of fuch an adt, nor

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“ the confequences which might refult from it, we were induced to recall five of our brethren who were ori leave of abfence in the “ diftrilt;T of Paparra and Tiaraboo.' We hope you gave no caufe to “ the natives to commence fuch an affault. If it really originated “ in the breaft of Iddeah from the part you took in reproving her “ for her crime, fear not her difpleafure ; the Lord who hateth “ iniquity is able to deliver you out of her hand. You afk our ad-vice, what is beft to be done : we really know not how to counfel you in this refpedt, but hope your perfons by this time are out of danger of Iddeah’s refentment. Should it continue on the caufe

“ By the bearer we fend an uniform coat for Männe Manne, made “ of the cloth fent us, and hope it will give him fatisfadlion. The brethren join with me in grateful acknowledgments for all fer-“ vices J and nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I remain

A fadl was reported tous this day, which, if true, was fliocking. In one of Captain Cook’s vifits he left a great monkey, who was made a chief at Attahooroo ; he had a wife and thirty fervants, and abundance of every thing : they called him Taata ooree harrai, the great man dog. One day the woman feeing him catch the flies and eat them, which they abominate, fhe ran away into the mountains ; the monkey and his toutous purfued, but being met by Temärre, w’ho was jealous of his authority, he knocked him down with a club, and killed him.

One of our brethren this afternoon- fitting in his birth writing, a young girl came in, and exprefled’her furprife that we behaved fo different to them from what all our countrymen had done. He told her that fuch pradfices were wicked, and that if we did fuch things our God would be angry. “ Oh,” faid flie, “ but I will come to you in the night, and then none can fee us.”—He replied, “ No-

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“ thing can be hid from our God; the night to him is as bright as “ the day, and there is no darknefs or fhadow of death where any “ of the workers of wickednefs can hide themfelves. But, if yo^ “ hrft put away your evil cuftoms, then we fhould love you.”

14th. Vifited by Mawröa, with a vaft fupply of vegetables; three arreoies accompanied him, amazingly fat, and tattoued all over. This fociety is conftantly wandering about from ifland to ifland. They are the fineft perfons we have feen, are faid to have each two or three wives, which they exchange with each other ; and inhumanly murder every infant that is born among them. Wherever they go they exercife power to feize what they want from the inhabitants. They fmite their hand on their breaft, and fay, “ Harre, give,” whenever they covet any thing, and none dares deny them. They never work ; live by plunder ; yet are highly refpeded, as none but perfons of rank are admitted among them. This makes women fo fcarce, and other horrid vices fo common. May God haften the time of reformation !

16th. The weather has been unfettled for two or three days. In general we have had it delightful and pleafant ; and no hotter than we have felt in England. We have been able to work all day without inconvenience.

18th. Opened the day as ufual, and enjoyed much of God’s prefence ; embraced the opportunity to addrefs the natives in a written difcourfe. They aflured us that men, women, and children underftood us, and faid, in Englilh, “ Very nice, and very good;” repeating it often, but defired we would put away the Prëtane paröw, and fpeak to them in their own tongue, which we promifed them to do as foon as we ftiould be able. And oh, that He may give us fome of thefe fouls for our hire, who fent us hither ! We might have a hoft of converts if, like many miflionaries, we would admit to bap-tifm thofe who confefs our God and religion to be better than their own. But till we ifee them created^ anew in Chrift Jefus, and turned truly from darknefs .to light, and from the power of Satan unto God,

A brother took occafion to fpeak to Tappeoy, one of our afiidants, and explain what Mr. Cover had preached in the morning, and told him he had himfelf left father, and mother, and filter, and many friends, to inform him about our God and Saviour Jefus Chrift, amp;c. He liltened with attention, and feemed much affedled, laying. Never Englilhmen there before talked and a died as we did.

19th. Got up the flag-ltalF forty feet high, rigged like a maft, but had like to have lolt my life in procuring it from the mountains, whither we went. The natives climb like fquirrels. I followed them till the rock became perpendicular, and I dreaded, when I looked down, how to defeend again without being dafhed in pieces.. I committed myfelf to God, and holding by little pits in the rocks very flippery with rain, defeended trembling-; one hold failing, I mult have gone headlong down the precipice ; indeed, without the help of the natives, I never could have got down at all. I immediately offered them all the fifh-hooks and beads about me. One Itranger only accepted a fifh-hook ; the reft refufed to take any thing from me; and he who took the hook faid he would go and get the pole we wanted.

A chief had a hog ready drelTed for us, and faid, any poles we wilhed fhould be fent on Friday. As we came back we found the river much fwollen with rain, and were carried over in many places by the natives. The valley was full of apple-trees loaded with fruit, and hundreds lying on the ground negleóléd.

On the 24th feveral natives came from other dillriéfs where the breadfruit began to be fcarce, to gather fome from the trees in Mataväi ; upon which thofe of the diftriól, confidering the brethren as proprietors, came and complained to them faying, that, except they prevented it, there would be no fruit left. Accordingly two of our body were difpatched to talk with them, and claimed their foie right to all the produce of the trees. The flrangers promifed to come no more, only

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begged permiffion to take what they had got, which was granted j and alfo a canoe lent them, the better to convey the fruit home.

The old chief, according to promifc, brought us the poles, for which a knife was given him, and fome red feathers, which greatly delighted him. Went to Oparre in our boat for wood ; hofpitably entertained J vifitcd the moral, where the great god Ooröo refides, •reprefented by an ugly piece of wood ; faw there feveral altars and Ikulls of men who had been facrificed. One of the altars was forty-five feet long, fupported on pillars of the bread-Truit tree about feven feet high; the other about twelve feet fquare, and on the top an arched fhed like the tilt of a waggon j here the wooden god was laid. One Ikull we obfeived fplit acrofs, and in the midft of the morai a fait pool w ith a young turtle,—Oh ! when Iliall all thefe horrid feenes be clofed, and Chrift alone be exalted ?

25th. Service as ufual. The natives are very fond of being drefled j we have lent clothes to feveral, which at night they honeftly returned; .but they have committed fome petty thefts, and we hardly know' what to do with them ; we are loth to punifh them, yet impunity .emboldens them in depredation.

A native coming into our apartments, a brother took occafion to fpeak to him about God. He owned the Otaheitean gods were enow, rbad, for they ate men, hogs, bread-fruit, amp;c. which the Prëtane God did not, and was “ a good fellow,” an Englifli term he had picked up. He obferved alfo, that when we fpoke to the Prëtane god the good rain comes, and when we do not the good rain goes away, and the hot fun fliines j a heavy rain having fallen on two fucceflive fabbaths.

26th. A great quantity of bread-fruit was brought to-day to make mahie, as the time approaches when ripe fruit will be fcarce in the diftriól for two months. It is truly wonderful to fee how Providence has furnilhed this place; as foon as the bread-fruit fails in this diftriól it is ripe in another, fo that we never want. Cocoa-nuts and plantain we have all the year round j as the evee apples get ripe on

one tree, young ones come on in another. Few trees ever lofe their leaves, and are only deftitute of fruit for about two months.

27th. A prefent came from Pomärre for the two brethren who work at the forge; a pair of good canoes, feven lobfters, a number of fine fhells, feven or eight couple of fowls, two large hogs, with a quantity of Otaheitean cloth ; and a mcifage to come to him for more whenever they wanted.

a 8th. A looking-glafs was ftolen by a female native from the women’s apartment ; we refolved to expel the man and his wife till it was reftored. Held our monthly meeting before the communion in great union of heart.

29th. Had a neft of fix young rabbits ; if they profper, the hills will foon breed them in abundance. Met before the communion ; happy unanimity prevailing among us, and unreftrained freedom of communication. Paid a vifit to Oparre ; moft hofpitably entertained by Mawroa ; he appears a fteady friend. About half the beautiful valley in which he lives belongs to him ; went with him a-fifliing with a fmall feine ; caught plenty of falmon-trout.

30th. Preparing letters for the return of the veffel, and our ufual employments.

July ift. Otoo fent a meffage, defiring us to difcharge certain per-fons from the houfe, whom he defcribed as great thieves ; at the fame time he nominated others, whom he wifhed to recommend to us in the capacity of fervants. Thefe the brethren knew to be the creatures of Otoo, or, more properly, a part of his mifehievous gang, and faw clearly and without unjuft fufpicion, that he wanted them in for no other purpofe than to fteal with the greater facility ; therefore his motion xvas rejetfted. Though it was true many things had been ftolen, yet we did not think the fervants guilty : but Otoo’s having his own men conftantly going about the diftrîéts ftealing from the poor natives whatever they fee, fufficiently characterizes them, and would deter our people from keeping any of them about the houfe.

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5th. A grand affembly of arreoies vifited Pj^eteah, and began their fports on the other fide of the river j many came over the river, and heard brother Cover, forming, as ufual, a half-circle before him.

• 6th. A great fhout of the natives this morning, “ Te pähee, “ Te pähee,” brought us out of our houfe, and to our great joy the white fails Ihone before us ; went many of us on board, and rejoiced with the captain in the pcrEcl health and fafety of all the crew.

^ranfaSltons during our Stay at Otaheite, and Survey to afcertain the Population of the If and.

The tranfadions of this fécond vifit will deferve a diftind confi-deration. The joy of meeting was great, but the day of the fliij5 being no longer neceflary, a fpeedy departure was announced, and every preparation begun : among thefe was the difcharge of the remaining cargo, and thofe treafures of iron and deel that were to be now finally divided between the mifiionaries at the Friendly and Society Iflands. Accordingly, on the 6th of July, Mr. Harris being landed with his property, in the evening the captain went on diore ; when a meeting was held, where the public journal was read, and various matters were difeuded concerning the proceedings of the fo-ciety, and hew they diould divide the things in the drip between them and the party at Tongataboo ; when it was agreed to choofe two brethren to aét in their behalf, and two for themfelves, under the infpedion of the captain.

7th. This morning the four mifiionaries appointed to divide the goods began their work; the captain fuperintended, and Mr. Jef-ferfon alt;ded as fecretary, taking an account of the various articles which each party received. This bufinefs, it was forefeen, would cod much time and trouble ; but as no other method could be devifed of giving all parties fatisfaétion, the captain promifed to day till the fird of Augud, which would àlfo give the brethren time to finifii their letters. The captain'obferves with pleafure, that the two brethren appointed to reprefent their brethren at Tongataboo were mod attentive to their intcred, and rather a larger fhare was allotted them than if two of themfelves had been’prefent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*

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Au invitation was fent to the wives of the miffionarics, who, agreeably thereto, dined and fpent the day on board : they expreffed much pleafure on finding us all in good health and fpirits, and left us in the evening highly delighted with their vifit. As for the natives, they crowded on board, few coming empty-handed : many of them were in the Englifh dreffes which had been given them by the brethren ; and feveral of them fpoke many phrafes of broken Englilh, fuch as, “ Welcome again; Glad to fee you. Captain Wilfon.”

8th. Iddeah fent a melfenger this morning to know if flie might come to our houfe. On confultation, we agreed that brother Cover Ihould go and fpeak with her ; and that if Ihe exprefied any concern for her cruelty to her infant, and affured us flie would no more offend us with fuch condudt, we fhould be glad to receive her. In this ihe acquiefced, though we have no great profpedl of a change : fhe came, however, under fuch profeffions, and drank tea with Mrs. Cover ; and continuing with us till dark, returned much pleafed with her reception.

9th. To-day being Sunday, not one canoe was feen off in the bay, and the whole diilridt appeared remarkably quiet. Mr. Cover and Lewis came on board to adl as chaplains for the day ; the former preached in the forenoon from the fécond epiftle of Peter, chap. iii. ver. 18.’; the latter in the afternoon from Philippians, chap. i. ver. 28.

loth. Andrew the Swede came from Eimëo, and prefented the captain with a fine turtle. Mawröa, a kind friend to us and the miifionaries, brought a hog and a great quantity of bread-fruit; his wife, named Aowh, was with him; ihe was formerly the wife of Motuara, chief of Eimëo, is the real fifter of Pomärre, and mother of Tetua the prefent queen, Otoo’s wife : fiie is a very intelligent woman, and Mawröa himfelf is better acquainted with the iflands than any man we have converfed with. Aowh informed us, that in the family of which fhe was a branch, the reigning prince had been called Otoo ; which name paifed to their firft-born, whether male or female, the inftant it was born ; the cullom obliging the father ever

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• after to take fome other name. I mentioned before, that the grandfather of the prefent Otoo changed his to Otëy, his father to that of Teina, and next to that of Pomärre, and fo on ; for having loft their royalty by the birth of their child, they may change their names as oft as they pleafe, but cannot before. Otëy was the father of Pomärre, Oreepiah (lately deceafed), Pytouah, chief of Wapiawno, and Aowh. Pytouah is an arreoie of the firft rank, has a rough, difgufting look, and is much addicted to ava drinking; he was amongft our vifttors of this day, and received a prefent : they were exceedingly glad to fee us, and exprefled much attachment.

It has already been noticed, that fome of the brethren had made a tour of the ifland, and fuppofed the number of inhabitants on both peninfulas to be about fifty thoufand ; this fum, though lefs than a quarter of what Captain Cook calculated them at, was ftill thought by us as greatly exceeding the population. Therefore Captain Wilfon agreed with Peter to accompany me in a circuit of the ifland, and to try fome method of eftimating the number of people in each diftrid. On Tuefday the nth we accordingly fet off, having firft engaged a man to convey us acrofs the numerous rivulets which we muft necef-farily pafs, and two others to carry my linen and what things Peter wanted. It was about noon when we landed near One Tree hill, and began the journey eaftward through the interior of KÏatavai, where the land is far from being clear of underwood ; for the beft roads are unpleafant by reafón of the long grafs, which bears a bur called by the natives peeree-peeree, and adhering to the flockings becomes painful : the flies were alfo very troublelbme. The breadfruit and cocoa-nut trees abounded in perfeólion, and afforded an excellent fhade from the heat of the fun. In this diftridt there are alfo the wild cotton trees, fome of which were in bloom, but being of a very inferior kind made no luxuriant fhew ; fome fpots were planted with ava and fugar-cane,, and in fome places the latter was growing wild.

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tains which hereabouts form the interior of the ifland ; then running a winding courfe down the valley, and through the low grounds of the diftridt, paffes clofe by the miffionary houfe, and difembogues at the extremity of Point Venus. At the entrance from the fea it is fo fhallow, that no veffel drawing above two or three feet water can enter it -, nor can they proceed farther up than a quarter of a mile. When- we came to its banks, Peter fhewed me the fpot where he difplayed his firfl feats in their wars, and which ultimately ended fo much in favour of Pomärre and his fon Otoo. I defired him to give me fome account of them. He immediately complied ; but ■dwelt fo much upon his own performances, as rendered it difficult for me to feparate the effentials of the flory from his frivolous boafling.

The firfl war, he faid, happened In 1793, when he had been but five months upon the ifland. It feems, that a chief named Whanno had fucceeded in wrefling the diflridl of Whapiäwno from Pytouah ; and confcious that by this ufurpation he would offend Pomärre, he prepared to attack him firfl, but did not condudl his. plans with fo much fecrecy as to prevent his defigns coming to the knowledge of Pomärre. The latter, though not a warlike chief, prepared to oppofe Whanno with all his flrength. Peter and Andrew were engaged, with the Jew, who was a good markfman. Whanno had to affifl him almofl every chief on the north-eall fide of the large peninfula. When all was ready, the latter chief fent word to Pomärre of what he intended j and a day or two after entered Mataväi with all his men. Iddeah was at that time on fome bufinefs at the eaflern part of the diflridl, and nearly fell into their hands ; they chafed her to the river, where Pomärre’s party flood ready to receive them. Iddeah got fafe over, and placed herfelf in the front of the men j when one of the enemy, bolder than the refl, ran acrofs the fi^ream, and aimed a flroke at her ; and would, but for Peter, who flood clofe by, have effected her death : he running to her aid, and feeing the man lift his club, wrçfled it out of his hands, chafed him back

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through the river ; and more of the party coming up, the man was killed. The body of Whanno’s troops had retired a little back ; but one flculking behind a tree was fhot. This threw all the reft of Whanno’s men into a panic ; they precipitately fled, and in great confufion : two more were flain in the chafe,, from which Po« märre returned victor. This fecured to him the diftriéls of Matavai, Oparre, and Tettaha, all he feems then to have been poftefled of. Five or fix days after this he muftered his men, now fluflied with fuccefs, and proceeded to Whapiäwno. Whanno and his men were afraid ; a running fight took place, one woman was killed, but the warriors fled to the mountains. However, in three days they came down and renewed the combat, and were now feverely beaten, no. lefs than twenty-five of their number being flain ; which, confidering, their fhynefs to clofe in battle fince the introduction of a few mufkets, was certainly a great number. This victory entirely crufhed Whanno,, and by it all the northern fide of the peninfula, from Matavai to the ifthmus, became fubjeCt to Pomarre and bis fon Otoo. Still they had powerful enemies who were meditating a grand attack upon them; thefe were Wyheatua, king of Tiaraboo, and Temärre, chief over all the diftriCls on the fouth fide from the ifthmus down to Attahooroo: over the latter diftriCl was young Towha, who wifbed to remain neuter, but was forced by Pomarre to join his party, though, he was more inclined to favour Temärre, and was afterwards charged with having fecretly concerted matters fo as to gain him the battle.. Temärre encouraged his men by telling them that he had mufkets, powder, ball, and white men, as well as his adverfary ; and that themfelves were more nurrierous than Otoo’s party. The whites he had were Connor, an Irifhman, and James Butcher, a Scotchman,, both of the Matilda’s crew. Accordingly, about a month after the battle of Whapiäwno, thefe powerful adverfaries met in the diftriCt of Attahooroo; but being afraid of each other in no fmall degree, the firft day was fpent and nothing done. In all their movements they furrounded the white men, trufting more in them than ever an Afiatic:

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did in his elephant. On the fécond day the onfet began ; but in a fliort time Towha’s men, who were in front, ran away, and all Pomarre’s followed their example ; which was afterwards charged on Towha, as his preconcerted fcheme : Petef, Andrew, and the Jew, however, Rood their ground, and fhot four men. Butcher and Connor were obliged to run for their lives, and Oammo, the father of Temärre, was killed by a mu fleet fhot. Thefe advantages brought their party back to aflift them ; all their adverfaries fled, and a complete vidory was gained for Pomarre, whom they found at a great diflance from the fight, quite overcome with fear, and lying flat on the ground, held faft by the roots of a tree. When they acquainted him with their fuccefs he would hardly believe it, but continued to lie like one out of his fenfes : fo little courage did this chief of the victorious army poflefs. The routed party fled to the remoter diftriCls ; fome took refuge in the hills j one man in particular got up a very dangerous precipice, and threw large' ftones on his enemies below, and kept his ftation till he knew their rage had fubfided. The con-fequence of this battle was, that Temärre became fubjeCt to the victors ; was obliged to give to Otoo the great morai at Papparä : alfo every other privilege of the fupreme chief. A houfe was built by Otoo in all his diftriCls, where fome of his fervants conftantly refide, and he occafionally vifits ; they reprefent his fovereignty, and none dare to pafs them without ftripping, the fame as to himfelf. However, notwithftanding thefe things, the power of Temärre was ftill very great ; he was left in poflelTion of all his diftriCls, and exercifes the office of chief priefl of the Eatöoa on that fide of the ifland.

Towha being charged with treachery, was ftripped of his diftriCt, and obliged to live as a private man in Papparä. Wyheatua had fled to Tiaraboo, where in a fhort time after he was defeated, and reduced in a like manner as Towha to a private ftation, and Otoo’s younger brother made prince of his kingdom.

Pomarre • being now in pofleffion of all Otaheite, thought of revenging the injury the chief of Eimeo had formerly done by deftroying

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his canoes and the houfes of Mataväi. With this intent he fent his party againft that ifland, where his fifter Wyreede Aowh made fome refiftance ; but feven of her men being killed, fire was obliged to acknowledge the conqueror, and take up her refidence in Ota-heite. In her Head Iddeah and Männe Manne were made chiefs of the ifland.

Thus Pomarre (the Otoo of Captain Cook), on whom the favour of the Englifh bad drawn many enemies, and who at different times was fo chafed and ftraitened by them, that, afraid of his life, he has frequently entreated his vifitors to take him off the ifland, had now, at a very good time, extended his power far beyond all former example, and that without either courage or talents for war comparable to his enemies ; fo that I cannot but afcribe it to the providence of the Almighty, who ordereth all things after the counfel of- his own will, and for the accomplifliment of his glory and gracious purpofes. In whatever way thefe events are view’ed, they certainly are much in favour of the miffion ; for it is clear, that thofe employed in it can proceed in their work with greater fafety than when the natives were continually engaged in war.

Leaving Mataväi river we came to the eaftern part of the diftriót of Mataväi, called Teahonoo, over which Wyreede Aowh prefides. She and her fécond huiband, Mawröa, were at Opärre, where they alfo have a dwelling. Their houfe in this place is exceedingly neat and clean - before it is a platform of gravel ftones carefully levelled and fmooth, and at the front of this a regular row of cocoa-nut trees ; and by the fide of the houfe a fine rivulet of frcfh water runs from the hills. The lowland hereabouts is not more than a hundred yards wide. Her fervants were bufy preparing a brown dye from the bark of a tree called mohoo, which they broke fmall into a bowl of water, and letting it lie till foftened, they bruifed it till the liquid became of the colour they wanted. We next afcended a high hill called Tappahey, which runs into the fea, and feparates Ma-

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tavai from Why ri poo. The Hill is included in the former diftricl, a great ftone on the eaft fide being fixed on for the boundary of each.

From Tappahey the fmall diftridt of Whyripoo extends near a mile, the Ihore ftraight, and the low ground about two hundred yards wide ; it has alfo a valley of fmall extent. We walked about half way along it, and flopped for a while at the houfe of Inna Madüa, the widow of Oreepiah. She was abfent, but her head fervant Ahëine' Eno received me kindly, and would have drelTed fome fifia if I had proraifed to wait ; but wanting to go further, I declined his offer. This man having a Ihrewd, intelligent countenance, I defired Peter to communicate to him the purpofe of our journey, and to afk how many perfons he thought ufually refided in Whyripoo ; afligning for our motive the wifh of the earees of Pretane to render them fervice according to their numbers : whçn he inftantly fuggefled a mode, which I afterwards adopted. He faid, that in Whyripoo there were four matteynas, and to each matteyna there were ten tees ; and by thefe he eflimated the number of men, women, and children, to be about two hundred and fifty. I defired him to explain what a matteyna was, and what was a tee. The former, he faid, was a principal houfe, diflinguifhed either by a degree of rank in its ancient or prefent owner, or by a portion of land being attached to it ; and fometimes on account of its central fituation to a few other houfes : that the matteyna fets up a tee (or image) at the morai, which entitles it to the liberty of worfhipping there; and the other houfes in the department of the matteyna claim a part in the fame privilege, and are thence called tees : that in fome matteynas there are eight or nine perfons in the family, in others but two or three; and that it frequently happens, that a matteyna-or a tee is totally deferted. Therefore, from this account, and what I afterwards faw of the thin population, I allow but fix perfons to each matteyna, and the fame to a tee, as the latter is often occupied by a larger family than the former, and as both terms do fometimes apply

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to the fame houfe ; confequently, as often as this occurs, there will be an error of fix in excefs.

Ahëine Eno, the name this man at prefent went by, means a bad woman ; it feems that his miftrefs Inna Madüa was a charadler of this kind, and had got this name from the natives j but not liking it, transferred the name (though not the odium) to her fervant. This diftriót did belong to Whapiawno, but was lately prefented by Py-touah to his brother’s widow.

The next projecting hill which obftruCted our paflage is called Row-row-apare ; it divides Whyripoo from Whapiawno : we palfed it by the fca up to the ancles in water, and then had to walk round a bay about a quarter of a mile wide, when we came to a fine border of low land, which at this part, being the weft entrance of the dif-triCt, is about a furlong and a half wide, in length coaftwife a mile and a half, and at the eaft part not quite a furlong wide ; thence to . the eaft end of the diftriót the hills run clofe to the fea, and the road lies over rugged fliarp rocks. There is a fine valley which opens about a mile eaft of Row-row-apare, abounds with fruit-trees a con-fiderable way up, and is inhabited. This is the only valley that runs quite acrofs the ifland ; on the oppofite fide it opens into Pap-para, a little weft of the great morai.

Pytouah refides at the weft part of the low land ; and as it was too late for me to reach another diftriót, I propofed ftaying here for the night. Both himfelf and his wife I knew were at the Ihip, but his head man, or overfeer, very readily drefled a pig ; and after we had dined I took a walk through the diftriót, and Peter with me. The houfes here were all neat and well built, and there was bread*

fruit in abundance. ' We Hopped at one place where three houfes Hood, and inquired of the owner, how many matteynas were in the diHriél j to anfwer this he took fome fmall rods, and naming each matteyna as he counted them into Peter’s hand, made the whole number thirty-two, including Whyripoo, for which he counted the fame as I had got before j therefore, deduóling four, the number is twenty-eight. In fome, he faid, were ten tees, in others nine, eight, and feven; and made the fame obfervations on their being peopled as Ahëine Eno had done ; therefore, as I could not get the tees exadly, I counted as under: viz.

7 of lO tees — 70 a nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Brought forward 264

7 of 8 do.’ = s6 ƒ “28 Ï 6 = nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;thofe of the valley included.

quot;J Qi do. 49 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;men, women, and children.

Before we got back to Pytouah’s houfe it was dark, and they had all gone to reft but one man, who fhewed me to a new houfe, where, for want of bed or bed-clothes, I Hept on the ground, and fpent the night very uncomfortably ; and might have fpent it worfe, had not Peter, towards morning, lent me a blanket, which he had brought as a necelfary article in travelling round Otaheite.

12th. At daybreak we proceeded on our journey, and pafling feveral good houfes, came to the river, which is here three feet deep. My man Charles took me on his Ihoulders, and carried me through with great eafe. When we had gone a little farther we came to a very bad road, having to walk over the ftones fallen from the rocky cliffs w'hich project here. One place was very dangerous; it is called Oratatahah. We had to afcend the cliff half way, and pafs along a narrow path where was hardly room to fix the feet. The rock is quite perpendicular ; and, had we fallen, it was near'twenty fathoms above the fea, which beat violently againft the bafe. Here it is faid Pomarre once fell, but the tide being up at the time, when he found he was going, he threw himfelf well off, and received but

little harm. When we had fafely paflcd this fpot, we fat down on the rocks to breakfaft on the remains of Pytouah’s pig ; for it is the cuftom here, that whatever their hofpitality provides for drangers, the fragments of it are always brought away. About nine o’clock we came to a deep rock which terminates Whapiäwno, and forms the wed point of a fmall bay. The eadern point is called Owhoona. Betwixt the two is a fmall didriót called Wharoo-my, over which Wyreede Aowh prefides ; it has a valley running up a little didance; it has but one matteyna and nine tees, equal to fixty perfons. A little further ead is another fmall didrid; belonging to Männe Manne, called He-wow ; it has two matteynas ; in one there are feven tees, in the other four, which makes the number of inhabitants feventy-eight. Männe Manne, who has feveral of thefe edates, was at Eimëo, and the care of the place was in the hands of Teboota, his head man, who was at this time carrying on the building of a large houfe for the old pried. Teboota prefuming on his mader being tayo to the captain, infided on my daying to refrelh at his houfe, and immediately began dreding a couple of fowls and a young pig. In the interim the people ran from every quarter of the didrid, in order to gratify their curiofity ; yet when they had all got together and fat down, I could count no more than thirty-five, which is certainly no fign of extraordinary population. After receiving a good dinner from Teboota, and much kind treatment, my followers packed up the fragments, and I paid our generous hod with a draft on the captain for a pair of feiflars ; and as they have no doubt of the fpecified value ot the paper, and have learnt how to negotiate the notes, he feemed quite rich. What a commencement of civilization 1

We next came to the fmall didridt of Hahbawboonea, and pa di ng a hill called Oteteawno, reached another almod equally fmall, named Honoowhyah. In the former are one matteyna and eight tees, equal to fifty-four perfons. The latter has three matteynas, containing in all twenty-eight tees, and one hundred and eighty-fix inhabitants.

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little inward makes a curve. The low land on which the houfes are built forms in each place a kind of triangle, the interior corner of each being joined to a valley, formed by fteep hills on each fide, which are covered with trees to their fummits, and running in a winding direélion ; they afford a view remarkably wild and romantic. Rivulets of excellent water run through both diftriéhs, which, not-with {landing, hardly deferve to be mentioned for fertility.

Otoo has one of his regal houfes in Honoowhyah, and, in paffing it, my company was obliged to firip. Nearly oppofite is a fmall rock, a little way advanced into the fea, facred to the feet of Otoo ; for none befides dares to fiand upon it ; and I think he deferves to ftand the ftatue of Folly, if eVer he raifes his own living image there. In walking along, about forty people came with great eagernefs to gaze i had the place been populous, I think more would have come.

Rounding another hill, we came to the diftriót of Nahnu Nahnoo : it belongs to Pomarre, and is much like thofe I had lately palTed in appearance and population ; it has three matteynas and eighteen tees, which makes the number of inhabitants one hundred and twenty-fix.

The next dividing hill is called Peepe-pee ; we walked round it over fharp rocks, which are a kind of bafaltes. A little further eafi-ward there is a gentle Hope from the hills towards the beach, and upon this Hope are many cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees, but no houfe or inhabitant. After palling this we came to the difiridl of Otyayree ; in the middle of it the low land is about a furlong wide, narrowing towards the extremes. The Ihore is aflat rock; the coafi; bending out and in. I flopped at a chief’s houfe ; his name is Noe Noe; and had the following account: namely, two matteynas and twenty-two tees, equal to one hundred and forty-four inhabitants. This chief had a double canoe jufl finilhed ; it was the largefl I had feen, meafuring in length fifty-eight feet, exclufive of a long board which runs over the fore part ; the flern was twelve feet high, though a-midlhips only three feet and a half. The two were faflened together in the ufual method by rafters, upon which a platform was

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made, where a houfe was intended to be placed for the principal per-fons to fit or fleep in ; and this I fuppofe is one of the larger war canoes, though not fuited for expert manœuvres.

/ Having done my bufinefs here, I intended to have gone a few miles farther, but had not proceeded many yards when I met Poppo, the tayo of Dr. Gillham, who entreated me to ftay all night at his houfe • which offer I accepted, being rather fatigued with travelling over bad roads all the day. Poppo was very affiduous to entertain me well. A pig was inftantly killed, and a comfortable bed prepared. Here about forty people colledfed. The fupper, which was very good, was ferved up with fait water. Before I went to reft I made my kind hoft and his wife each a fmall prefent, and in return they gave me the cloth which compofed my bed, and alfo an upper garment.

13th. At daylight we renewed our journey. Poppo accompanied us to the end of the diftridl, which is at a hill called Annaboo : from hence I firft got a fight of Tiaraboo, but ftill at a confiderable diftance from it. The diftridl we were now come to is called Wah-aw-heinah. The low land is here about a quarter of a mile broad, and the fame in length ; behind are lofty hills, forming two valleys, whence run large rivulets of water, which, after 'interfering the low ground in feveral places, unite near the fea, and form a deep and rapid ftream. In fording it my man Charles was up to the middle, fo that in rainy weather it muft be impradicable to crofs at all. The coaft along the diftrid bends in ; the beach is black coral fand, and on it the fea broke violently.

We ftopped at a houfe as large as that of the miffionaries, where were feveral natives, but none poflcfled the intelligence we wanted; therefore one was difpatched to bring a proper perfon, who unformed us that in the diftrid were four chiefs, of whom Roorah was principal ; each is over a matteyna ; two of thefe matteynas have eleven tees each, one fifteen, and one fixteen ; the number of people is accordingly three hundred and forty-two.

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Proceeding thence, the next hill (or cliff) we came to is called Boo-te-awmoo, which divides the latter dillriél from Hedeah, which laft runs quite to the ifthmus. Off this place where we now were, and diftant about a mile from the fhore, there lie two fmall iflets ; the wefternmoft is called Booroo, the other Wharre-arra-roo. From thefe Charles informed me that a reef runs quite down to Matavai : it lies about two miles off fhore, and has in fome places only four and five fathoms water upon it.

Turning the point of Boo-te-awmoo, the land bends fouthward towards the ifthmus. When we had got a little way we flopped at Peter’s friend’s houfe ; he vais by trade a fiflierman, who fupplied his neighbours with fifh, and received from them canoes, hogs, fruit, roots, and cloth. He had been on the reefs, and came in while we ftaid with fome lobfters and mullet, of which he gave us a part, and I paid him with a pair of fciffars. At this houfe were about twenty perfons collected, including the family. We left this place ; and as I walked along the diftridt, I obferved more weeds and underwood than in any part of the road which I had paffed : fome places of confiderable length had nothing but long overgrown grafs, which obftrudled all paffage but by the fea-fide. The houfes were thinly fcattered, and as thinly inhabited ; in moft of them they were building canoes, but none of a large kind. They all had iron tools ; the hatchets were taken off the helves, and fixed as adzes. I inquired for a ßone hatchet, which will foon be a curiofity to them-felves} but they had none : alfo how long it took them to build a canoe with iron tools ; they anfwered, about one moon. I then alked them how long they formerly were in doing it with their ftone hatchets : at this they laughed heartily, and counted ten moons. When we had reached nearly oppofite to Bougainville’s harbour, the natives direded us to a chief’s houfe, where we found Inna Madua, who, fince the death of her hufband, is chief over all Hedeah : though this was not her dwelling-houfe, ftie neverthelefs affumed the command, and ordered a dinner inftantly to be dreffed. In the

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interim the old chief gave us the name of every matteyna in the diftriót, from Boo-te-awmoo to the ifthmus, as follows;

This may be thought but a fmall number for fo large a diftricf, cfpecially when the magnitude of Captain Cook’s and Lieutenant

judgment, after pafting through it, and paying every attention, I think even this fmall number exceeds the truth ; and furely it is no argument in favour of great population, that at this houfe where I got the account, no more than thirty people Ihould be colleéled at any time while I ftaid, including Inna Madûa’s retinue, and thofe whom eager curiofity brought to fee me.

When we had dined, Peter informed me that it was too late to proceed, as he knew of no good lodging-houfe but at too great a diftance ; therefore we ftaid where we were for the night. My bed and Peter’s was laid at one end of the houfe. Inna Madûa prefented me with more cloth for fheeting, and I gave her in return a pair of fciflars, a looking-glafs, and fome trifles I had purpofely brought to

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anfwer fuch occafîons. In this houfe was an epitome of their general employments : at one end women were palling cloth together ; fome men were making linnet and lines, while fome fiept, and others were drinking ava : this lafl they drink in an unfocial manner, by one, two, or three at a timamp;, and out of a fmall cocoa-nut fliell ; whereas at the Friendly Iflands, one or two hundred form a ring, and from a large bowl they fhare nearly all alike; but it feems to be fo fcarce here, that none except the earees can be flavifhly addifted to , it. This evening I learnt that, befides the members of the arreoy fociety, it is the common pradice among all ranks to firangle infants the moment they are born. A perpetrator of this horrid ad was among thofe whom curiofity drew to vifit us : fhe was a goodlooking woman, and efleemed by the natives a great beauty, which I fuppofe to be the inducement that tempted her to murder her child ; for ' here the number of women bearing no proportion to the men, thofe efleemed handfome are courted with great gifts, and get fo ac-cuflomed to change their hufbands, to go with them from place to place, and run after the diverfions of the ifland, that rather than be debarred thefe pleafures, they flifle a parent’s feelings,' and murder their tender offspring. As no odium whatever is attached to this unnatural deed, many hundreds born into the world are never fuffered ’ to ,fee the light. When either father or mother are difpofed to fave the child, they fometimes fucceed, but not always ; for if the 5^-oman fays fhe will not rear the child, the man in general fubmits to her will ; on the other hand, when fhe proves humane, and he is fleady to his cruel purpofe, the infant is often faved, for fhe orders matters fo that fome ^neighbours fhall interpofe, and if the child is not inflantly put to death, they dare not do it afterwards ; but the mofl infenfible become as fond of their children as any refined people can be. I fhall only notice farther, that both parties do oftener make up their minds to fave the male than the female, which partiality accounts for the difproportion of the fexes, and is none of the leafl caufes of the thin population ; for the men that are not wealthy in cloth, hogs, or

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Englifli articles, wherewith to purchafe a wife, muft gô without one ; and this leads them to praélife the great crime of onanifm to an exceffive degree, and renders them unfit to cohabit with women; but all their vices of this nature are too fhocking to be related’. When the arreoies deftroy their children, they fay it is to retain the privileges of their fociety : but what excufe can thofe make who are not of their number? It is faid of Gelon, king of Syracufe, that having conquered Carthage, he made it the chief article in the treaty of peace, that they fhould abolifh the cuftom of facrificing their children. And while humanity refleóls and fhudders at the be-haviöur of the Otaheiteans, one can hardly help indulging a'wifh that either the fword of a Gelon, or rather the fpirit of the Prince of Peace, were applied to oblige them to relinquifli their abominable and unnatural practices.

14th. About fix in the morning we arofe, packed up our things, and proceeded on our journey. Inna Madüa accompanied us to her proper dwelling, which lies near a mile farther on. Here I thought I got a fight of an European garden ; the plats of ava-ground were laid out in fuch nice order ; each bed formed regular parallelograms trenched two feet deep, and difpofed with a great degree of tafte ; ths whole enclofed with a fence of bamboo. Her houfe, which was full one hundred feet long, flood on the fea fide of the garden. At this place we parted from her, and walked about two miles along an irregular coaft, where the low land in moft places is very narrow, and hardly a bread-fruit or cocoa-nut tree to be feen. We then came to another dangerous cliff called Pah-rah-tou-tea. As we paffed along the fide next the fea, the footing was extremely narrow, and the fight below tremendous. Defcending the oppofite fide, a valley opens, running between lofty hills, with a triangular piece of low land near a fur^ long in length, and a river of confiderable depth and breadth. Clofe to the fea the paffage is narrow j there we forded, and afcended a fleep hill, from the fummit of which we had the choice of two roads ; the inner one was much out of our way, and by the outer we muff

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defcend the cliffs ; however, thinking this no worfe than thofe we had pafTed already, we took the latter, but prefently came to a moft alarming place, about fix yards wide, where there appeared neither place for hands nor feet. Here I was at firft afraid, and had thoughts of going back; but with the help of the Otaheiteans, who are ufed to this work, I got along fafe. Obferving an old man had followed us from Inna Madüa’s houfe, Peter inquired what he wanted ; he anfwered, that Inna’s mother had ordered him to follow, and if I gave any thing away in the diffriót, he was to feize it, and take it to her.

When we had got within a fhort mile of the ifthmus, in pafling a tew houfes, an aged woman, mother to the young man who carried my linen, met us, and, to exprefs her joy at feeing her fon, ftruck herfelf feveral times on the head with a fhark’s tooth, till the blood flowed plentifully down her breaft and fhoulders, whilft the fon beheld it with entire infenfibility. I was not aware of this aélion to prevent it, but as fhe continued it without mercy on herfelf, I fpoke to them angrily, and obliged her to defift. The fon feeing that I was not pleafed with what was done, obferved coolly, that it was the Cullom of Otaheite. When we had gone about a furlong farther we put up for the night, at a houfe which lately belonged to a woman with whom Peter had lived, but fhe was now dead. She had been wife to Richard Sinnet, one of the unfortunate mutineers, who was loft in the Pandora, and by him had two fine girls, who are now about fix or feven years old ; they are of a fair mulatto complexion, and very lively and talkative. Since the mother’s death Peter has taken care of them ; they were glad to fee him, and received each a fmall looking-glafs, as did alfo the woman of the houfe. When we had refted a few minutes, Peter informed them that fince the fun was at fuch a height w'e had not eaten any thing : this being known, it was impoflible to behold with indiflerence the joy which thofe kind people exprefled on having an opportunity of entertaining me; they inftantly dreflèd a couple of fowls for my dinner, and a pig for the

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Otaheiteans and Peter; for he pretended, that, being obliged to com-* ply with fome of their cuftoms, he durft not eat in the houfe where I was. After enjoying a comfortable meal, as the cool of the evening by that time drew on, I got Peter, who, as well as myfelf, was rather tired with the day’s walk, to accompany me to the top of one of the adjacent hills, on each fide of which ran a deep valley. From the centre hills towards the fea, for a little diftance up, the hills abounded with cocoa-nuts and bread-fruit, and the more interior parts with mountain plantain, tarro, and a variety of other things, which they have recourfe to when the low land cannot fupply all their wants. Alking Peter what reafons they gave for not cultivating more of thofe articles on the low ground, as it was evident they would grow as well, or better, there, he faid it was on account of the havoc made by the arreoies, and thofe who accompany Otoo in his feaftings round the ifland ; at which times, though they only ftay two or three days in a diftrid, they confirme and wantonly deftroy all the produce, and often the young plants, leaving nothing for the fettled inhabitants of the place to fubfift on, but what they derive from the mountains : on this account they fubmit to the trouble of climbing almoft inacceffible places, rather than expofe much of the produce of their labour to thofe privileged robbers. From this hill we alfo had a view of the coral reefs which lie interfperfed along this coaft, fome of them a confiderable diftance off Ihore ; there are feveral openings, and probably anchorage within moft of them; but I apprehend the ground muft be rocky, and bad for cables. Refpeóting the diftridt itfelf, from Boo-te-awmoo to the place where I now was, clofe to the ifthmus, it is little better than a wildernefs of rank weeds and ufelefs trees, and that even in places where the low land might be rendered moft fertile and valuable, though it no where exceeds two furlongs in width. In fome places where we were obliged to quit the fea-fide, travelling became exceedingly fatiguing, on account of the long grafs, weeds, marfhes, and numerous rivulets of water : in others the hills project into the fea, and form broken and dangerous precipices.

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fome of which I have noticed before. Be fides this, it merits the name of a defolate diftriét, from the few houfes it contains, and its thin population. However, the place where I now was might be deemed an exception ; it is about a mile long, and a furlong wide s and is better furnilhed with houfes, inhabitants, and fruit-trees, than any place of equal fize in the diftriét.

When we returned to the houfe we found a fervant whom Pomärrc had fent to meet and conduct me to the place in Tiaraboo where himfelf and retinue were preparing for a great feaft ; but as this took me out of the way of my intended route, I Ihould not have confented to it, had not Peter frequently mentioned the precipices at the eaft end of the ifland as impaftable by any but the natives ; who, though even accuftomed to it, were frequently dafhed to pieces ; and that, without running that rilk, the account I wanted could be equally well got from the chiefs of the feveral diftriéls, who would be with Pomarre on the fouth fide of that peninfula. Therefore I agreed to accompany the man acrofs the ifthmus next morning.

15th. At daybreak we rofe. Peter then alked me whether I durft fleep in a houfe where there was a corpfe ; and ftiewed me the ikull of Richard Sinnet’s wife, wrapped in cloth, hanging to the roof of the houfe. It feems that Ihe died at Eimëo, and was there put upon a tupapow till the body was dried ; the head was then cut off, and brought to this place, where Ihe had pofîèfîed feveral acres of ground.

Departing from hence, we afeended a hill, moderately high on the Otaheite fide, and walked about a mile over a fine piece of land, which flopes gently from the middle clafs of hills to the ifthmus, and is all along covered with a ftratum of rich brown mould, fitter for the purpofes of agriculture than any fpot on the ifland ; a few trees are fcattered upon it j but on large fpaces there is nothing but grafs and fern. The ifthmus feemed covered with trees quite acrofs ; and beyond it, on thq Tiaraboo fide, the land for three or four miles appeared exadlly like that I was now upon, covered with fern, and level at top, but broken, or rent as it were, into chafms or deep hoi-

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lows, and rifing with a gradual afcent towards the lofty mountains which occupy the middle and eaftern divifions of Tiaraboo. At the fouth fide of the ifthmus, where we defcended to crofs, a cove about fixty yards wide, and of depth fufficient to admit a fhip, runs clofe up to the low neck : it would be an excellent place for a fhip to moor in, if a fafe palTage could be found between the large flakes of coral which lie without it ; and I do not think this impoffible, though, except commerce were brought thither, it would be. unnecelTary.

Befides this cove, we croffed two more fhallow ones, and then entered the firfl: diftridt of Tiaraboo, called Toa-howtow. Here the low ground is fo marfhy, that at every ftep we funk almofl: knee-deep. It is alfo covered with underwood, but abounding in bread-ftuit and cocoa-nuts. Farther eaftward the ground is more dry and hard ; and we fell in with a few houfes, where canoes were building, and the women beating cloth : they informed us that the diftridl contained one matteyna and thirteen tees, which make eighty-four inhabitants. The next diftridl is Wyoo-roo ; the chief’s name Vee-vee Roo-rah : it has fix matteynas, containing forty tees, which make two hundred and feventy-fix inhabitants ; and with refpedl to the foil, fruits, amp;c. is exadlly like Toa-howtow : the low land in both is fcarce a furlong wide, and the coafl: waving.

It now began raining hard, which obliged us to flop where was a chief who knew Peter. His canoe was hauled upon the beach, and the little houfe taken off it for him and his wife to fleep in. And this is their common praélice ; fo that wherever they land, if in a large canoe, they always have a houfe in readinefs. While we fat under an adjoining fhed, and the chief and I were exchanging pre-fents, a boy picked my pocket, but, finding himfelf difcovered, he dropt the booty ; however, the chief was fo enraged, that he immediately went in purfuit of the boy, and intended to punifh him feverely if he caught him.

The rain fubfiding, we fet off again for Mattahwey, which was the next diftrid, and where Pomarre was with his retinue. On our

way we were met by the young king, fon of Pomärre, and his betrothed wife, both carried upon men’s Ihoulders ; he alked for an axe, fciffars, amp;c. but I had none to fpare, therefore defired him to go to the pahie (fhip), and they fhould be given him. He alfo alked Peter feveral' queftions concerning the places and people he had feen on his voyage with us. At lafi; we reached the head-quarters, which were no more than a few canoe-houfes and temporary Iheds, the beft of which was occupied by Pomärre ; and to it I was condudled. As for himfelf, they faid he was at a houfe farther on, bufied with his fervants in preparing cloth, but that a meffenger was gone to inform him of my arrival. Accordingly he came in a fhort time, ex-prefiTed much joy on feeing me, and faluted nofes ; he alfo inquired for the captain, and moll on board. When I alked him his reafons for not going to Mataväi, he anfwered, that at prefent he could not poffibly go, it being a very bufy time with him, having to collect canoes, cloth, hogs, amp;c. to give away among the different chiefs and arreoies, who would attend him to the great feaft at Papparä, which was to take place in a few days, and for which all the ifiand was looking up to him. This excufe I had reafon to believe, for public care feemed engraven on his countenance. However, as he could .not go himfelf, he had fent his prime minifter Iddeah} who, I told him, would not receive fo many things as if he had gone himfelf. He faid, he did not mind the things fo much as the captain’s friend-Ihip.

I had defired Peter, that if a mawhoo came in our way, he Ihould point him out ; and here there happened to be one in Pomärre’s train. He was drelTed like a woman, and mimicked the voice and every peculiarity of the fex. I alked Pomärre what he was, who anfwered, “ Taata, mawhoo,” that is, aman, a mawhoo. As I fixed my eyes upon the fellow, he hid his face ; this I at firft confirued into Ihame, but found it afterwards to be a womanilh trick.

Thefe mawhoos chufe this vile way of life when young : putting on the drefs of a woman, they follow the fame employments, are

under the fame prohibitions with refpect to food, amp;c. and feek the courtfhip of men the fame as women do, nay, are more jealous of the men who cohabit with them, and always refufe to ikep with women. We are obliged here to draw à veil over other pradtices too horrible to mention. Thefe mawhoos,-being only fix or eight in number, are kept by the principal chiefs. So’depraved are thefe poor heathens, that even their women do not defpife thofe fellows, but form friendfhips with them. This 'one was tayo to Iddeah.

And here we are furnifhed with another impediment to population, and may afk how fuch a people can poffibly have a numerous progeny. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I

At this place moft of the chiefs of Tiarabqo were affembled ; their canoes were hauled upon the beach, and- before their huts vaft quantities of provifions were hung upon hakes driven into the ground j and more were arriving from the neighbouring diftridts : all which was perhaps no faint image of the ancient Hellcfpont and Grecian camp.

All the eaft part of Tiaraboo confifts of high rugged mountains, which run to the fea-fide, and form fteep cliffs that are extremely dangerous to pafs ; on this account the low land is narrow, and diftri-buted partially ; but from Ohaitapeha bay, on the north fide, and from oppofite to it on the fouth fide, down towards the iflhmus, it runs from half a furlong to a whole one in width, and where valleys are, it is in confequence wider. There were not many cotton-trees to be feen, and thofe few of no value : indeed, no part of this peninfula is comparable to the difirióls of Matavai, Opärre, and Attahooroo, in the larger peninfula. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*

July.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;203

At night I fpread my bed in the fame houfe where Peter, Pomàrre, and feveral others lay; but little reft could be had, as one or other was talking all the night. Pomärre afked Peter many Ihrewd quef-tions concerning the places and things he had feen on the voyage, and more particularly about the natives of Tongataboo, as the red feathers, and various manufaéiures from thence, have given them a high idea of that people. Nothing grows on Otaheite but what they mentioned, to know if they had the fame ; and whether they had good land, good canoes, and fine women. They alfo inquired much about the Marquefas, and fpoke of the people there as being as far inferior to themfelves in civilization as they really are to Europeans. However, they appeared highly delighted with the relation Peter gave them of thefe countries : but when he fpoke of the wonderful things of Europe, they at firft exprefled furprife ; but not being able to form conceptions of the things he related, their pleafure quickly flackened : whereas the people of the Friendly Iflands and Marquefas are in almoft all things fimilar to themfelves ; alike in perfon, manners, and drefs ; are tattoued, have canoes, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, as Well as they ; and without thefe articles they admit of no country to be really valuable, though they do not deny our fuperiority in every thing elfe. At this time Pomärre and his retinue particularly regretted their want of fliips, and knowledge to conduct them to foreign countries ; and, addrefling himfelf to me, faid, in a tone of concern, that they were able to go no further than Ulietea or Huaheine ; and that at the rilk of being driven they knew not whither, to perifli :* whereas we could fail for many moons, and in the dar keft nights and ftrongeft gales, and after all could come exadlly to Otaheite. Thefe were the very ideas he exprefled. In anfwer to which, I told him, that we once were in the fame predicament, and knew nothing ; but that good men brought the fpeaking paper into our country, and taught us to underftand it, by means of which we learnt to know the true God/ to build and condudl fhips, and to make axes, knives, feiflars, and the various things which he faw we pofleffed ; alfo that liis tayo

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Captain Cook had told the earees of Prëtane, that neither the king of Otaheite nor his people underftood the fpeaking paper, nor how to do thefe things; Therefore they had, out of real regard for him, fent the good men at Mataväi, to teach him, his children, and people, as we ourfelves were taught : that, as chief of the ifland and regent for his fon, it behoved him to fend his children and the natives to attend to their inftrudions j for, if they negleded the prefent opportunity, no more good men would come to them, but they would remain in ignorance for ever.

I believe he paid as much attention to this as lay in his power, and faid it was my ty (good), and fo went to Heep,

16th. In the morning it rained very hard, which confined us to our quarters till nine o’clock, when the chief and all his fervants fet off to work at the cloth j and as I intended to reft all this day, I followed foon after, and found them bufied on large pieces of cloth, about thirty yards long, and four broad ; they had them ftretched along the ground, and doubling each, by laying others upon them, cemented them with a pafte. Pomärre was as bufy as any. Here I faw the mawhoo alfo, who wrought with equal dexterity as the women.

At a proper time of day a fine roaft pig was brought for dinner, part of which was given me, the reft went to the chief ; but I ob-ferved thofe around him took fo large a fhare, that himfelf made but a fcanty dinner ; and this may be the reafon why his head man brought vidluals in the dark, on the two nights I ftaid there. It feemed that the hogs were not plentiful here, or they were keeping them till the feaft.

17th. I rofe to take leave of Pomärre, and informed him of my intention to return to the fliip by the fouth fide of Otaheite nooe, and would therefore thank him for the ufe of a canoe. He immediately ordered one of the beft fingle ones, which Peter was to keep after our arrival at Mataväi ; he alfo put in it two large hogs, and fent a man to Wyere (the firft diftriól we fhould land at) to prepare another. I had given him a pair of fciflars and what I could fpare :

ao5 and now he begged a piece of cloth, which the chief gave me where we flopped on account of the rain ; having got it, he cafl his eye on what I ufed as a bed, as if defir ou s of that alfo : but obferving his difpofition began to work, I bad him farewell, not without feeling on the occafion. He was much affedled, and faid, if poffible he would come and fee the captain, and defired me to fpeak a good word for Iddeah, that fhe might receive opys (axes), paouties (fciffars), amp;c. Leaving this place we paddled to the weflward, and having a flrong current in our favour were foon paft the ifthmus, and landed in the firft diflrid, called Wycre, over which Maahehanoo (a woman) prefides as chief: to her the fon of Towha is betrothed : they are both young, perhaps fifteen years old ; he has the mofl lively, piercing countenance of any youth I faw.

A perfon named Tootahah, who is alfo defcended from the earees, lived here as guardian to Tow ha and Maahehanoo ; he feemed well acquainted with many of our cuftoms, and could fpeak feveral Englilli words. Previous to bringing a young hog which they had prepared for dinner, Tootahah drove four flakes in the ground, and making a table of boards upon them, he fpread a piece of clean cloth, placed an Englifh plate before me, and tried to apologize for not having a knife and fork, and fuch things as he knew we had on board. Thus, for the firfl time, I dined in fly le among them. After dinner they put a pig into the canoe, agreeably to the order of Pomärre, and made fome other prefents, which I repaid as well as I could, and left them.

This is a very good diflridl -, the low land is of various breadths, as twenty yards, a furlong, and in fome places half a mile. Next to it are hills moderately high, forming valleys of fmall extent ; and beyond are the lofty craggy mountains, which are covered with trees to the fummit. The diflriót weflward of this is called Wyoo-rëede, and anfwers the fame defcription : the hill which feparates them is called Rooamo, where the land bends in ; and a little further a point runs off, and a quarter of a mile without it is the fmall ifiand

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Otearrawah. Another fmall iflct lies about a mile further along the coaft, called Tahmow.

As it now began to rain hard, we landed to take flieltcr in the houfes, which are here, as in other places, but thinly fcattered: when it cleared up, Peter and I walked along the beach, while the toutous paddled the canoe. Foot-paths interfedted the low ground, but it was ba'd walking on them, on account of the weeds and long grafs being wet with the rain ; and the trees in fome places handing clofe to the fea, obhrudled the way by the beach, and forced us again into the canoe J and juft as it was dark we reached Attemonoo, a fmall diftridt fituate between Wyoorëede and Papparä, and there hauled up the canoe. We thence walked to Temarre’s houfe at Papparä, and found him quite intoxicated with ava. When they had brought lights I laid my bed down, and being tired with the fatigues of the day, went immediately to reft.

18th. Temärre had rifen early, and gone to a place confiderably to the weft ward, to worftiip at a moral he had there, but left word

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The great morai of Oberea Hands on a point a little to the eaft-ward : thither I went, to have a view of Io great a curiofity. Otoo has one of his reprefentative houfes here ; and in palling it, fome of his fervants, judging whither I was going, followed me, and were very afliduous in explaining every thing to me. This morai is an enormous pile of Hone-work, in form of a pyramid, on a parallelogram area; it has a flight of ten Heps quite round it, the firfl: of which, from the ground, is fix feet high, the reft about five feet; it is in length, at the bafe, two hundred and feventy feet, width at ditto ninety-four feet ; at the top it is one hundred and eighty feet long, and about fix wide : the fteps are compofed partly of regular rows of fquared coral ftones about eighteen inches high, and partly with bl'ueifh-coloured pebble ftones nearly quite round, of a hard texture, all about fix inches diameter, and in their natural unhewn ftate : this is the outfide. The infide, that is to fay, what compofes -the folid mafs (for it has no hollow fpace), is compofed of ftones of various kinds and Ihapes. It is a wonderful ftrudure ; and it muft have coft them immenfe time and pains to bring fuch a quantity of ftones together, and particularly to fquare the coral of the fteps with the tools they had when it was raifed ; for it was before iron came among them : and as they were ignorant of mortar, or cement, it required all the care they have taken to fit the ftones regularly to each other, that it might ftand. When Sir Jofeph Banks faw this place, there was on the centre of the fummit a reprefentation of a bird carved in wood, and clofe by it the figure of a fifh carved in ftone ; but both are now gone, and the ftones of the upper fteps are in many places fallen : the walls of the court have alfo gone much to ruin, and the flat pavement is only in fome places difcern-ible. The above gentleman, fpeaking of this court, fays, “ the py-“ ramid conftitutes one fide of a court, or fquare, the fides of “ which were nearly equal; and the whole was walled in and “ paved with flat ftones : notwithftanding which pavement, feveral ** plantains and trees, which the natives call etoa, grew within the

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“ enclofure.” At prefent there is within this fquare a houfe, called the houfe of the Eatöoa, in which a man conftantly refides,. Sir Jofeph further fays, “ that at a fmall diftance to the weftward of “ this edifice was another paved fquare, that contained feveral, fmall “ ftages, called ewattas by the natives, which appeared to be altars whereon they placed the offerings to their gods and that he afterwards faw whole hogs placed upon thefe ftages ,or altars. My guide led me to this fpot, which appears alfo to have gone much to ruin : he fhewed me the altar, which is a heap of ftones, and how they lay their offering upon it ; he then went a few yards back, and laying hold of an upright ftone, like a grave-ftone, he knelt with one knee, and looking upwards, began to call on the Eatöoa, by crying, “ Whöoo, whöoo;” and by afterwards making a whiffling noife, intimated it to be the way in which the Eatöoa anfwered them.

The grand moral formerly belonged to Oammo and Oberea, then to their defcendant Temârre, and now, fince the conqueft, to Otoo.

It was paft noon when I got back to the houfe, and Temârre had not returned from his worfhip ; and, worfe than that, there was no profpeél of any thing to eat : therefore I propofed to fet off, when his* wife entreated me to flay a while longer. This being complied with, they brought the hog fmoking hot, but nearly raw, though it muff have been covered up at leaft four hours, which was owing to its fize, being large enough to ferve forty men. Thus both I and my companions fuffered by the exceffive kindnefs of our hoft.

When we had taken our leave, and walked about a mile along the beach, we met Temârre on his way home,; and when Peter told him that we had waited purpofely for him, he feemed much afraid left I fliould be angry, and afked if I was not. On fatisfying him that I was not, he then inquired into the caufe of our vifit to Po-märre, in a way that befpokc jealoufy, envy, and fear of that chief. After a little converfation we parted. Temârre is fuppofed to be

pofleffed of the Eatôoa, and, in conformity to that fuppofition, fpeaks in fuch a way that fcarcely,any one can underftand him. This at firft made me think that he ufed that peculiar language faid to be fpoken by the priefts i but both the Swedes infill; that the priefts know no other than the common language, and can always be underftood, except when, for the fake of myfterioufnefs, they utter their fpeeches in a finging tone ; and that even the young girls can make their fongs equally unintelligible. It is alfo faid of this chief, that he is now meditating revenge on Pomärre, on account of the death of his father and his own defeat ; and in hope of obtaining fuccefs he has chofen Mr. Main for his tayo, whom he has heard fpoken of as a military man, and to whom he has made feveral great prefents.

Weftopped at Papparä for the night in the houfe of my tayo Wy-reede : as I had not feen her fince my late arrival, fiie exprefled much joy on the occafion, ordered a pig to be inftantly drefled, and made me a prefent of feveral things ; among others, a quantity of human hair made into fine linnet. Here were a number of arreoies with their feparate wives, who, by the attachment they lliewed for their hulbands, feemed-to difcountenance the aflertion of promifeuous connexion, with which they are charged. Their great numbers made the houfe, which was one hundred and forty feet long, appear like a little village, where each claimed the place on which his mat was fpread; and almoft all were employed in making mats, linnet, amp;c. As foon as it was dark they brought lights, and danced and fung till near midnight, and perhaps would have continued all the night, had I not begged my tayo to caufe them to defift ; for the drums appear not to difturb their Heep; but, when tired with dancing, they lie down, and a frelli party rifes to the fport : and in this manner the arreoies ufually fpend their nights, and thus they train the youths to the fame irregular living.

19th. The morning being fine and clear, we walked to the end of the diftriól, and crofting a little cove, entered on Ahaheinah. The point which, with the cove, feparates the two diftrióts, is called

2 10 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

Abooroo. Papparä is a diftriél of the middling clafs ; for extent of low land and fertility it is better than the north-eaftern diftridls, or thofe of Tiaraboo ; but inferior to thofe I afterwards came to, viz. Attahooroo and Oparre : however, the low land feems not to be two furlongs in width in any place. Ahaheinah has a ftraight coaft ; in feveral parts the hills projedt to the fea, leaving a narrow beach or foot-path at their bafe, and where there is low land it is no where above a hundred yards wide. A hill called Weypah-toto feparates it from Mahraw, a fmall divifion of Attahooroo : here Captain Weatherhead landed in his boats after the lofs of the Matilda, and had his money and clothes taken from him by the natives.

Attahooroo is divided into two or three departments, over which chiefs fubordinate to Temärre prefide. In the account given me they divided it only into two parts, of which the fouth-eaft contains fifteen matteynas and one hundred and fifty tees, and the north part ten mat-teynas and ninety-three tees, including the valleys. Here the fhore is waving, and forms a fegment of a circle as it bends round to Tettaha. The reef lies a confiderable way off, and within it the water is fmooth and fliallow, and the bottom a fine white fand inter-fperfed with beautiful coral, which makes the rowing over it delightful. Here the ifland puts on its moft beautiful appearance. A large border of low ground is covered with cocoa, palms, and bread-fruit. Extenfive valleys run confiderably in-land, and the fides of the hills, which form them, are covered with fruit-trees, and their tops with grafs. The lofty mountains in the higher region are alfo covered with trees, or broken into awful precipices j and by their various fhapes and diftances, and the clouds, which hover over them all the day, add a fublime grandeur to the beauty of the fcene below.

We landed at a chief’s houfe oppofite the great valley, and before dinner fet off with the chief to fee a moral, where it was faid the ark of the Eatöoa was depofited, and which had been conjedlured by fome vifitors to bear a fimilitude in form to the ark of the covenant. Though it was about noon, in the road we went we felt little of the 4

heat of the fun ; lofty bread-fruit trees afforded their pleafant fhade ; and, as there was but little underwood, we felt no annoyance, except from a few flies. Turmeric and ginger abounded, alfo the wild cotton tree. The moral ftands on the north fide of the valley, about a mile or more from the beach ; it is eredled on level ground, enclofed with a fquare wooden fence, each fide of which may meafure thirty or forty yards. About one half of the platform next the interior fide of the fquare is paved, and on this pavement, nearly in the middle, there ftands an altar upon fixteen wooden pillars, each eight feet high; it is forty feet long and feven feet wide : on the top of the pillars the platform for the offerings is laid, with thick matting upon it, which overhanging each fide, forms a deep fringe all around it. Upon this matting are offerings of whole hogs, turtle, large fifh, plantains, young cocoa-nuts, amp;c. the whole in a ftate of putrefadion, which fends an offenfive fmell all round the place. A large fpace on one fide of the fence was broken down, and a heap of rough ftones laid in the gap : upon thefe ftones, and in a line with the fence, were placed what they call tees ; thefe were boards from fix to feven feet high, cut into various fliapes. At a corner near this ftood a houfe and two fheds, where men conftantly attended. We entered the houfe, and found at one end the little houfe, or ark of the Eatöoa; it was made exaélly like thofe they fet on their canoes, but fmaller, being about four feet long, and three in height and breadth. As it contained nothing but a few pieces of cloth, I inquired where they had hid the Eatöoa : they anfwered, that it had been taken in the morning to a fmall morai near the water-fide, but that they would immediately bring it, which they did in about half an hour. Though I had not viewed this place without feeling for the poor creatures, yet when they laid their Eatöoa on the ground I could hardly reftrain a laugh. It was in fliape exaélly like a failor’s hammock laflied up, and compofed of two parts, the larger one juft the fize of the houfe, and the leffer, which was laflied upon it, was about half that fize ; at the ends were faftened little bunches of red and yellow feathers,

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the offerings of the wealthy. They feeing me fmile, laughed heartily themfelves, but feemingly only to pleafe me ; for it was from no idea of the infignificance of their Eatöoa. I told them it was not, could not be a god,,becaufe it was nothing but the cloth and linnet which themfelves had made, and .could no more hear, fpeak, nor do them good or harm, than could the cloth they wore. At this they feemed rather perplexed, but ftill affirmed that it was a great Eatöoa ; and when he was angry their trees bore no bread-fruit, and many ills came upon them ; but not a word in reference to a future Rate. I wanted much to fee what was in the infide ; but they faid, none but Männe Manne and a few more durft open it. However, they told Peter that it contained nothing but red feathers, a young plantain, and a bunch of young cocoa-nuts before they break the leaf. Several bread-fruit and etoa trees ftand within the fame fquare.

On our way back we called to fee the body of Orepiah, as pre-fervcd in a tupapow : he had not been many months dead, and was now in a perfectly dry ftate. The man to whom the performance of this operation was entrufted lived clofe by, and came near when he faw us. He feemed quite willing to oblige me; and allied if I would like to fee the body unflirouded ; for, as it lay, nothing could be feen but. the feet. Anfwering in the affirmative, he drew it out upon the uncovered ftage, and took feveral wrappers of cloth off it ; and, laughing all the while, placed the corpfe in a fitting pofture. The body had been opened, but the Ikin every where elfe was unbroken, and, adhering clofe to the bones, it appeared like a Ikeleton covered with oil-cloth. It had little or no fmell, and would, notwithftanding the heat of the climate, remain fo preferved a con-fiderable time. The method they take for this is, to clear the body of the entrails, brain, amp;c. ; then waffling it well, they rub it daily outfide and in with cocoa-nut oil, till the flefh is quite dried up ; after which they leave it to the all-deftroying hand of Time. This tupapow was conftrutfted by driving four long flakes in the ground, about fix feet afunder, lengthwife, and four in breadth : befides thefe,

two others, not fo long by three feet, are driven on a line, and fix feet from the former four : a ftage is then made at the height of the firorteft two, and the corpfe being laid at one end, a thatched roof is raifed upon the four higheft flakes, to fbeltcr it from the rain ; the vacant part of the flage is to pull it upon, either lor rubbing with the oil, or exhibiting it to the friends and relations of the deceafed. On the adjoining trees, plantains and bread-fruit hung for the ufe of the dead. I allied them, where they thought his fpirit, or thinking part, had gone ? At this they fmiled, and faid, “ Harre “ po,” that is, “ Gone to the night.”

A little before dark we reached the further end of Attahooroo, and put up at a little place which Männe Manne had given to Peter, who ordered what he pleafed, and had it immediately; and here we left the canoe, as it blew too frclh to row it againfl the eaflerly wind. In the morning we rofe early : a couple of fowls were ready drefled, on which we breakfafled, and fet off with a hope of reaching the fh.ip, if nothing occurred to prevent it.

We entered Tettaha by alccnding a hill called Opeyhowe. The diflridt almoft throughont is hilly, affording but little low land ; neverthelefs it is well inhabited, which may be owing to its fituation, lying between the two befl diflridls on the id and ; though I apprehend even its own produce is fufficient for the people who live upon it. It has twelve matteynas and one hundred and thirty tees. Pomärre is the chief. The befl grove of cocoa-nut trees hereabouts, and a great number of bread-fruit, are laid to have been planted by him and Iddeah when they were young. We paffed one fpot where Pomärre had lately a houfe, which contained a vafl quantity of his flores, and had been malicioufly fet on fire and burnt to the ground.. At a place called Weyto-weyte, which terminates the diflriél, there is a houfe three hundred and ninety-feven feet in length, and forty-eight wide ; twenty wooden pillars, each twenty-one feet high, fupport the middle of the roof ; and one hundred and twenty-four, each ten feet high, fupport the fides or eaves of the

[1797-roof : the rafters upon which the roof is laid are about fix inches thick, and placed twenty inches apart : a wooden wall, or fence, encloies the whole. Here, it is faid, they on great occafions hold feafts for days together, when they almoft defiroy all the hogs on the ifland. The next diftriél is Opärre, which is well ftored with pro-vifions and inhabitants, having fixteen matteynas and one hundred and ninety-nine tees, including two valleys. It has alfo a morai, but it is faid to be inferior to that in Attahooroo ; therefore, as it rained, J did not go to fee it. Being forced to take Ihelter in a houfe, I faw there a man, one of whofe legs was fwelled to a fize little lefs than a man’s body. ; the other leg was of its natural fize, and the perfon cheerful, and bufied in making a mat. One of Otoo’s boat-houfes was adjoining ; it contained a war canoe fixty feet long, which is a little larger than that at Otyearee ; and thefe two, and, one from Ulietea of a different conftrudlion, were the only large ones I faw in the courfe of my journey, though I faw feveral of a middling fize, yet not fo many as I expedled.

The laft difficulty was to get over Taharray, or One Tree hill, as the rain had made the afeent very ffippery. From thence we walked along the beach to the miffionary houfe, and got our clofing account from Pyteah. Matavai has twenty-feven matteynas and one hundred and ten tees, which makes eight hundred and twenty-two inhabitants. Therefore the population is as follows ;

The intention of writing thefe pages being 'chiefly to preferve the circumftances of a voyage which from its nature and object is in-terefting to many, I fhall with 'this view notice ‘what occurrences paffed at the fliip during my. abfence, alfo in the fubfequent days of our flay j and then* take leave of Otaheité, without faying more on their cuftoms and manners than what lies interfperfed in the journal already detailed, as “all former navigators ’have enlarged on this fub-jedl} and if errors can. now be cofreóled, it .will, certainly be beft done from the letters of the miflionaries, whofe refidence among the natives for five months gave them greatly the advantage over us at thcftiip.

July 12th. It being the Rev. Mr. Lewis’s turn to attend the boat employed in landing the goods, he exprelTed a fear that the divifion of them, after the departure of the fhip, would occafion fome uneafinefs. In the courfe of the day Mr. Cover and Henry waited upon the captain, and fpoke to the fame effcót, giving it as their opinion, that, to prevent any thing difagreeable happening, the moft prudent way would be for them to make a divifion immediately ; but this being only a propofal, the adoption of which the captain left entirely to themfelves, it was no more fpoken of. Mrs. Hodges and Mrs. Henry alfo vifited us to-day ; and in the evening they all went on Ihore in the pinnace. Landed the goods, and received from our friends the natives a plentiful fupply of fruit, amp;c.

13th. To-day the captain and fix of the milTionaries examined the diftridl of Mataväi for the purpofe of finding the moft eligible

July.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;a 17

fpot on which to build ahoufej but as there were fevcral equally eligible, no preference was given as yet to any.

14th. The weather ferene and plcafant. Information was brought to the fhip, that the young king had come to Mataväi ; but a report fpreading that he had facrificed a man, the miffionaries expreßed their marked difapprobation of the horrid adt, which fo terrified him, that he was fetting off for Pappara, when the captain landed, and flopped him as he and his queen ran along the beach. On being afked why he was going away fo foon, he anfwered, that, as the miffionaries were angry, he fuppofed the captain was fo too. The captain told him that it would be very wrong to facrifice a man : he denied the faft. The captain entreated him to commit no fuch cruelty, and be-fought him to return, promifing that he iwould fend him a canoe, which he had brought purpofely from Tongataboo. This both reconciled and pleafed him : he accordingly took up his refidence in Mataväi. Had he gone off in fear, there was no knowing what the confequences might be, as he had only to lay the rahooe on the diftridfs, to cut off all our fupplies ; a circumflance which, though not experienced by us, has been feverely felt by fome of their vifitors.

15th. Pleafant weather. The captain and the four appointed miffionaries employed in dividing the goods ; the feamen hoifiing out of the hold, and putting the Otaheitcan divifion into the brethren’s boat. In the forenoon Otoo and his wife came alongfide; the Friendly Ifland canoe was given to him, and after he had furveyed it near two hours, he got into it, and went on fhore feemingly much pleafed. About four in the afternoon, Sam (the little cabin-boy) ran from the fhip, fuppofed to have gone out at the cabin-window. This boy being of a dwarfifli fize, was apprehenfive of falling into want in his own country ; therefore he preferred fettling where nakednefs was no hardffiip, and the vegetable diet at leaft of the ifland could always be procured at eafe. He left behind him a few incoherent lines mentioning his defign, wherein helikewife fays, that

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if he can do the miffionaries no good, he will do them no harm. About the fame time the captain had his dreffing-box with all his {having utenfils fiolen out of the cabin, and at firft fuppofed the boy concerned in the theft, but it afterwards proved he was innocent. Thermometer 71°. Received from Mawröa, and his wife Wyreede Aowh, two fmall pigs, with fruit, amp;c. alfo prefents from feveral others.

16th. The day fine and pleafant. Mr. Jefferfon and Eyre chaplains for the day on board j the former in the forenoon, the latter in the afternoon.

17th. Fine weather. Landed fome goods, and received by the return of the flat-bottomed boat two loads of ftone ball aft. Iddeah having come to Mataväi, fent to the fhip to know whether the captain was angry with her. The meflenger was told that he was not ; and as a token thereof, a plantain leaf was fent her. She then came on board, bringing with her two large hogs and two bundles of cloth : one of each was her own prefent, the other that of Pomarre. When feated in the cabin, fhe was afked the reafon why fhe killed her child ; in anfwer to which fhe faid, that the man with whom fhe cohabited was a low man; had the child been Pomärre’s, fhe would have fpared it; but fince it was the cuftom of the earees to murder all bafe-born children, fhe had only adted agreeably thereto. The father of the child was fitting by her, without feeming in the leafl; angry; however, herfelf feemed rather hurt at the home queftions that were put to her, and the converfation was turned. She then informed the captain of the reafons of Pomärre’s abfence, which being abfolutely neceffary, he had fent her to fee that his friend the captain wanted for nothing the ifland could afford; though, perhaps, the truer reafon was, that he might lofe nothing by his abfence that could be got from the fhip. When fhe had received feveral prefents, the evening drawing on, fhe fet off to fee her fon Otoo, but was hardly gone when he made his appearance in a

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large double canoe, whooping and hallooing to the feamen by name, and after playing a number of foolilh tricks, fet off to the fhore. Thermometer 71 °.

18th. The weather pleafant. No natives on board, or canoes about the fliip ; the reafon of which novelty we fuppofe to be fome di-verfions given by Iddeah. Landed fome goods, and received two boat-loads of ftoneballaft. Doélor Gillham was in the boat to-day, and informed the captain of his defire to return with him. In the afternoon one of the natives brought back the boy Sam, and received for this fervice anew fliirtj Mrs. Hodges accompanied them, to plead for the fugitive. The carpenter employed calking the Ihip’s top-fides, which the powerful effedl of the tropical climate had rendered leaky. Thermometer 72°.

19th. The weather fqually, with rain. The young king (Otoo) fent a prefent of two hogs and fome cloth. One of his fervants alfo brought -the captain’s dreffing-box ; they had traced the thief to Opärre, where they found the box complete, but the offender had efcaped to the mountains. By the meffengeran axe was fent to Otoo. Iddeah, and the bafe fellow fhe cohabits with, dined on board, and before fhe left us, received all the red feathers we had, and likewifea red uniform coat for Pomärre ; with which valuable prefents fhe was highly delighted. Received two boat-loads of ftone. In the evening a chief brought twenty fowls, for which he received an axe. Whilft at dinner a native requefted the fliip’s harpoon, to ftrike a large cavally he had obferved : this he performed with great dexterity ; but the ivqunded fifh having difengaged the harpoon, the man dived after it, and brought up the cavally in his arms, weighing forty-five pounds, for which the captain rewarded him, and fent the fifh on fliore to the miffionaries.

20th. The weather fqually, with heavy rain. Few of the natives on board, occafioned partly by the weather, and partly by a fhooting-match with bow and arrow, which Otoo had at Opärre. Received

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three boats of ballaft. Thermometer 72!°. To-day I returned from making a tour of the ifland.

21 ft. Weather as yefterday : the winds during the latter part fqually from the N. W.'with heavy rain ; which fo fwelled the river of Mataväi, that we with difficulty got one boat-load of ballaft.

Early in the morning Mawröa and his wife, who are our moft conftant vifitors, came, and brought with them a pig, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, amp;c. : with them came alfo three women, who, they faid, were relations j they likewife brought each of them a prefent. One of them was full feventy years old, and fo infirm, and exhaufted with the fatigue of getting on board, that fhe laid herfelf down on the cabin floor, apparently about to expire j but recovering a little, fhe ftaid on board all the day, and went fafe away in the evening. Iddeah was among this day’s vifitors, and, in fhort, the cabin was quite crowded with them; which would often be uncomfortable, were they not careful to fupply us with a plentiful table. Ther- « mometer 72°.

22d. Windeafterly; moderate and fine weather. Loofed fails to dry, amp;c. After breakfaft the miffionaries came off, but without ftones, not being able to get them for the fwell of the river. Sent on fhore a quantity of rod, bolt, and bar iron. To-day the captain gave Peter, the Swede, two fpades and fome other articles, as he propofed creding a houfe near to the miffionaries. My tayo Wyrcede fent me a large hog, as flie had frequently done before.

23d. Fine pleafant weather, and a light air of wind eafterly. Five or fix failing canoes went out of the bay towards Tethuroa. Thefe are the only canoes of the failing kind that we obferved on the ifland, though fometimes they will ered a temporary maft to run before the wind. Service on board by brothers Henry and Broomhall.

34th. Three of the company made an excurfion for two days, with Peter the Swede, through Mataväi, Opärre, Tettaha, and Attahooroo, at which laft diftrid they flept. Every where they

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were received with profufe hofpitality, and had nine pigs roafted to entertain them at dilFerent places.

Moderate and pleafant weather, with a few fhowers of rain. Landed fundries, and received 1’ome ballaft. Our vifitors were Iddeah and my tayo Wyreede, with their hufbands ; their prefents amounted to three hogs and a large quantity of bread-fruit. The young king came off in his Tongataboo canoe, and paddled feveral times round the fhip. The captain gave him an uniform coat of handfome fcarlet, and entreated him to put it on, which he in a füllen fit, with favage obftinacy, refufed to do.

25th. The firft part of this day moderate and fair weather. In the afternoon the wind veered to the weftward, and blew frefti, with heavy rain for about an hour; then cleared up, and fell calm: and thus it generally happens when wefterly, from which quarter it feldom blows hard or long. The wives of the miflionaries dined and drank tea on board. Thermometer 71!°.

26th. Gentle breezes and pleafant weather. The captain and miflionaries employed in dividing the goods. Received one boat-load of ballaft. The natives on board diverting themfelves by leaping off the topfail-yard into the water. Thermometer 73°.

In the dufk of the evening, one of our feamen, William Tucker, made his efcape from the fhip. We had been apprized of his intention to ftay on the ifland, knew that moft of his clothes were on fhore, and had thoughts of fecuring him when we were about to depart, not thinking he would go till near the laft day. When we found him gone, the boat was inftantly manned, to purfue and fearch for him. I and the third mate went on this fervice ; we landed at Point Venus, informed the miflionaries, and the old chief Pyteah, of what had happened, and employed them alfo in the fearch, which proved in vain i for after examining every houfe in the diftriät we were obliged

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to return as we went. The two Swedes (Peter and Andrew) had been abfent all the evening, which gave us reafon to fuppofe them concerned in the affair j for juft as we returned to the miftionary houfe, they came in quite wet, faying that they had been a-fiibing, an employment we knew they never went upon at nights ; befides, their very looks condemned them. All that we could further do in this bufinefs was, to go to the huts of Otoo and Iddeah, and defire them to fend men in purfuit of Tucker, which they promifed to do. And to crown the difagreeablenefs of this day, juft before we fet off with the boat, the ram W'hich we brought from England came into the houfe, and died; fuppofed to have received fome injury from the natives, as he was a little mifchievous among them. However, there are ftill good hopes of a breed, as one of the ewes had a fine ram, which was now grown up.

28th. Pleafant weather. This morning, when Andrew the Swede came on board, he was immediately put in confinement ; it appearing evident that he had enticed Tucker from the fhip, and was endeavouring to form a party which might prove dangerous to the mif-fionariestherefore the captain refolved on taking him off the ifland.

Peter came on board alfo, and turning king’s evidence, informed us that a native named Matemoo had concealed Tucker in a thicket ofMatavâi.'

Iddeah was on board at the time, to whom we applied for help, which fire promifing, landed, and fent off a band of Otoo’s men to fearch the thicket, affifted by a number of the miffionaries, with myfelf and the gunner ; but all in vain : he was not to be found this day. We heard that he had taken the road to Oparre, and intended for Attahooroo ; and in confequence of this information. Smith, Main, and Clode armed themfelvcs, and fet off in purfuit of him ; as the captain intended at all events to have him, that rnifchief to the brethren might be prevented, and likewife defertions be thereby dif-couraged. Thermometer 72°.

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captain and the four brethren employed dividing the goods, amp;c. No further account of Tucker. At noon the three miffionaries returned from a fruitlefs purfuit, much fatigued. Many of our friends the natives on board to-day. Thermometer jj”.

About ten at night a native paddled off, calling out as he approached the fliip, “ All’s well.” His bufinefs, it feemed, was to communicate fomething concerning Tucker ; but he was fo ftupified with ava, that he could not articulate a word. The coming of another canoe explained the matter. In this laft were three of the miffionaries, Id-deah, two of Otoo’s fervants, and Tucker, bound, who curfed Otoo heartily for his treachery. It appears that Otoo had been privy to the whole affair, and had himfelf daily fed Tucker. But the captain having dropt an expreffion, in Iddeah’s hearing, that if the fugitive was not found he would take Otoo on board j it fo terrified him, that he fent a man to inform Tucker that he wanted him, and contrived to have fome of the miffionaries in ambuffi near the beach, who feized him as he came along, and put him into the canoe, but not without a great ftruggle, and many curfes. When we had got him on board, he was put in confinement, till we ffiould leave the ifland. As for Iddeah, Hie was at this time trembling j and being affied the reafon of it, ffie faid, it was for fear Andrew ffiould be let loofe, for he was a bloody-minded man, and would wreak his vengeance on her, and the other natives to whom the captain had ffiewn favour j and that he thought very little of running his knife into them.

31ft. Fine pleafant weather. Männe Manne, who was fo attentive and friendly on our firff vifit, did not till this morning fend his refpeéls and a prefent to his tayo the captain, and that himfelf would be with us in a day or two. Iddeah and feveral others came with the ufual prefents of hogs, fruit, amp;c.

Auguft I ft. Light breezes and pleafant weather. Bought two he-goats to carry to the Friendly Iflands i and received feveral prefents from the natives. In the evening Männe Manne arrived at Matavai in the velfel he,had juft built .at Eimco, and brought her alongfide for the captain to view her : confidering her as their firft eflay, ftie is a • wonderful performance. This day at noon we fired a gun, and loofed thè fore-topfail, as a fignal for failing; and received Dr. Gillham and all his baggage on board.

2d. The firft part Ihowers of rain, the middle and latter part fair and pleafant weather ; the wind wefterly all the afternoon. Iddeah prefented the captain with a complete mourning drefs ; and all the other natives brought fomething with them.

3d. Pleafant weather, the wind variable. Sent on fliore an addition of fmall arms, ammunition, amp;c. which makes their ftock as follows ; two fwivels, eight mulkets, one blunderbufs, nine piftols, and nine fwords ; fifty-fix gun-flints, befides thofe in ufe; powder, ball, drum and fife.

The natives were now crowding the Ihip more than ever, and many of them were very importunate to go to Prëtane. Mawröa and his wife my tayo Wyreede, Männe Manne, Iddeah, and the tayos of the crew, laid us in a large fea-ftock of hogs, fowls, and fruit ; and in return for their kindnefs received fuch things as were to them ufeful and gratifying. Männe Manne was very urgent for fails, rope, anchor, amp;c. for his velfel, none of which articles we had to fpare^ on which account, though the captain gave him his own .cocked hat and a variety of articles, he was ftill difcontented ; faying, “ Several people told me that you wanted Männe Manne, and “ now I am come, you give me nothing.” An obfervation fimilar to this he once made to the miflTionaries : “You give me,” fays he, “ much parow (talk) and much prayers to the Eatöoa, but very few

“ axes, knives, fciflars, or cloth.” The cafe is, that whatever he receives he immediately diftributes among his friends and dependants ; fo that of all the numerous prefents he had received, he had nothing now to fhew, except a glazed hat, a pair of breeches, and an old black coat, which he had fringed with red feathers. And this prodigal behaviour he excufes, by faying that, were he not to do fo, he fhould never be a king, nor even remain a chief of any confcquence.

Unmoored the fhip, and got all things clear and in readinefs for ' failing on the following day, Mrs. Henry, Hodges, and Haflell, with feveral of the mhhonaries, came off to take leave of the captain, officers, and crew. Mr. Clode, unfettled in his mind, wifhed to go to the Friendly Iflands : and, as the brethren left him at liberty to go or flay, determining to go, fome unwrought iron and other articles were taken on board again for his ufe ; but in the evening he changed his mind again, and refolved to flay.

4th. Light airs of wind. At eight A. M. we weighed anchor, and flood out of Mataväi bay ; the wind variable and baffling. Great numbers of natives crowded on board, to take leave of their refpedlive friends, and fee what they would further beflow ; for they poflefs generofity and felfifhnefs in an almofl equal degree. Some at parting with their tayos at one end of the fhip wept bitterly, but by only walking the length of the deck they became as cheerful as ever ; and when taxed with diffimulation, they laughing obferved, that it was the parow or cuflom of Otaheite to weep and cut themfelves on fuch occafions, but the latter they omitted becaufe we had told them it was bad. But as all their pallions or fits are extremely fhort-lived, efpecially that of grief, their prefent behaviour was only confiflent with their general charadter and difpofition.

After hoilling the pinnace in we flood off and on, waiting the packets of letters, which were brought off at noon by Cover, Henry, and feveral others who had not taken leave. After fuch converfation as the occafion fuggelled, we took an affedlionate farewell, and parted,' perhaps never to behold each other again in this life.

It was the purpofe of the miflionaries, as foon as the fhip failed, to change their abode to a more eligible fpot, and to furround their pre-mifes with a ftrong wall, fufficient to protect them from any danger, though, while they are united, none is to be apprehended, as they have fufficient force to defend themfelves againft the whole ifland. As foon as this is done, they purpofe building a veffel of one hundred or one hundred and fifty tons, capable of vifiting all the iflands around them ; for which they have materials of every kind, plenty of timber, and able workmen.

We hope they will have widely diffufed the glad tidings of falva-tion, with which they are fent, by the time we may again vifit them.

H A VI N G pafTed at a confiderable diftance fouthward of the Society I fles on our former voyage, we now fhaped a direót courfc for them j and by noon on the 5 th of Auguft were but a little way off Huaheine, its extremities bearing from N. E. by N. to N. W. As we rounded the fouth end a few canoes came off, in one of which was a chief, with the ufual peace-offering, viz. a young pig and a green branch. They came on board without hefitation, and talked with nearly the fame freedom as the Otaheiteans. A few hatchets, knives, and looking-glaffes were diftributed among them ; after which, feeing that we difregarded their entreaties to anchor, they went into their canoe and paddled away.

When to leeward of the ifland, more canoes came alongfide ; in one of them was Connor, the Irifhman, one of the Matilda’s crew. To our aftonifliment, he had forgotten his native tongue, being able to recolledl only a few words : and if he began a fentence in Englifh, he was obliged to finifli it in the language of the iflands. Both he and the natives begged hard for us to enter Owharre harbour ; but finding that we were determined to make no flay, he afked the captain if he would take him home ; which was readily agreed to, as we had reafon, from the conduól of his fhipmates at Otaheite, to fup-pofe that fuch as he would prove a hindrance to the miffion. He then begged the captain to give him time to take leave of his wife and child ; which was alfo promifed him : for that purpofe, we Jiauled our wind towards the entrance of Owharre harbour ; and when off there. Dr. Gillham and I went on ffiore with him in the canoc,

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and, landing, walked towards his houfe through a crowd of natives, which he cautioned us to beware of, left, for the fake of our clothes, they Ihould fall upon us and do us mifehief : he alfo requefted we might not go far from him. When he made known his intention, fome of the women wept, and his wife was much caft down, though he treated her with much indifference ; indeed, he had faid that he did not care what became of her. But when he took the child in his arms, a moft beautiful infant about eight or nine months old, the tears gliftened in his eyes, and, expreffing his forrow, he feemed divided in his mind, whether to ftay in a fituation where, by reafon of their wars, he faid, his life was continually in jeopardy, or extricate himfelf, and leave his beloved daughter to the mercy of favages. However, as he ftill intended the latter, he embarked in the canoe, and his wife and child accompanied us. In the way, we afked her if fhe would part with her child ; her reply was, “ No, not for any thing.” As feveral natives and chiefs had colledfed on board, it was fome time before Connor’s bufinefs could be fettled ; which alfo gave him time to confider more deliberately what to do. And, as he never let the child out of his arms, his affeeftion preponderated, and he told the captain that he found it impoflible for him to leave it ; which we were all glad to hear for the infant’s fake. A few ufeful articles were then prefented to him, and we immediately wore fhip and made fail, whilft they returned to the fhore.

He fays, that the wars here are far more deftrudlive than at Otaheite, where they will not ftand to fight ; here they are more courageous, and both by pradlice and neceflity are become far more Ikilful. He relates, that about two or three months before our vifit, the people of Huaheine (whom he is obliged to aftift, or ftarve) went againft the ifland of Ulietëa ; and in the firft battle, after many falling on both fides, the latter was defeated, and forced to fly for fafety to Borabora, leaving the Huaheine men mafters of the ifland ; but in a fliort time fome of the victorious band longing after their wives, returned to Huaheine ; of which their enemies no fooner

heard, than they came upon them with a fuperiority of numbers, killed about fifty of their beft warriors, and it was with great difficulty that Connor and a few more got to their canoes, in which, by hard paddling, they efcaped from the purfuit of their enemies. Connor fhewed the mark of a wound on the back, which had been deep, but was now healed ; by which I fuppofed it more than three months fince this affair happened. He fays, and I believe truly, that there is no end to their wars ; and that to have been once beaten was confidered as a fufficient caufe for entering on frefh wars ; for, not-withftanding their late misfortunes, they were preparing for another attack.

Connor had not been mote than five years among the iflands, in which time he proves, that a man may, in all points, become a heathen, and even forget his own language ; though he had fpent part of that time with his fliipmates. He had alfo forgotten what time 'had elapfed fince the wreck of the fhip, but fuppofed it to be eight years, which was three years too much. Perhaps fomething might be faid in excufe for him ; he never could read ; but had he poffcffed only a fmall th arc of literature, it is likely abftraél or fpe-culative ideas would fometimes have arifen in his mind, to exprefs which, words of his native language conneded with fuch ideas would naturally and of neceffity recur, that of the iflands being too penurious. Add to this, that the remotenefs of his fituation from home might caufe him to give up all thoughts of ever returning to his native country, and to think no more of cultivating or retaining thofe qualities he had occafion for there.

From Huaheine we fleered to go to the northward of Otaha; but as it was nearly calm we made little way ; and next day at noon were no farther than between Otaba and Borabora, when we obferved in 16“ 28^ S. A few canoes came off from both iflands j but as it was Sunday, agreeably to the rule we had invariably followed, we had no intercourfe with them ; except giving a few knives and hatchets, for which we took nothing in return. Neverthelefs, as we

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lay becalmèd, they hung about the fhip moil of the day ; and when leaving us, promifed to return on the morrow.

yth. In the evening the wind came from the weftward, and ftretching on the larboard tack, we faw the fmall ifland of Toubai ; which at midnight bore W. N.W. and Mouroa W. by S. ; and in the courfe of the forenoon we palTed between the two, and north of the latter, the wind at the time from S. W. by S. fqually, with thick weather and conftant rain ; which continuing, we hauled the forefail up, and run under an eafy fail for the night ; and next morning at daylight faw Howe’s ifland off the deck, bearing S. by W.

8th. Obferved at noon in latitude 16“ 45' S. -, at the fame time faw the land bearing north, and fuppofed it to be the Scilly iflands, dif-covered by Wallis. We now fhaped a courfe for Palmerfton’s iflands, where we had fome bufinefs to do ; and on the morning of the T2th came in fight of them. Hoifting the pinnace out, we landed at the fame iflet which we had formerly been upon, but by a better paffige than before. This lies a little more to the northward. On this day we finifhed what we intended ; got about fix hundred cocoa-nuts for the fllip’s ufe, and planted (which was our main bufinefs) thirty-four bread-fruit trees, eighteen plantain and feveral evee appletrees, of w hich there were none before on the ifland : and if they flourifh, as there is fcarce a doubt but they will, the benefit of them may be found by fome poor caft-away iflanders, or needy navigator. At this time the tropic-birds were fitting on their eggs, and fo very tame, that, had we pleafed, we might have caught many hundreds of them.

18th. Hazy weather prevented our feeing Savage ifland. On the 17th we came in fight of Eöoa, and next day moored fhip in the harbour of Tongataboo in nine fathoms and a half, on a bottom of fine black fand, Mäkkahah ifland bearing N. N.E. j E. and Attatäa N.W. i W.

Before we had anchored, George Veefon, one of the miffionaries, came off, and informed us that the brethren were all well, Ifaac

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Nobs excepted ; and that, for reafons judged moft prudent, they had feparated into fmall parties, and were now with different chiefs. Bowell and Harper were together with a chief named Vaarjee, who refides at a place called Ardeo, Veefon with Mulicemar, a chief of the diftridf of Ahoge, thirty miles from Ahëefo, and Cooper with Mooree at Ahoge : the reff are ft ill at Ahëefo. But before I notice our proceedings in the fhip, it may be neceflary to infert a few extracts from the journal of the miffionaries, written fince our departure.

April 15th. We were vifited by Töogahowe, and many others ; we informed them of our want of more land and timber, which he inftantly faid we Ihould have; he would fend a perfon to fhew it us, and when ready it fhould be brought home for us. We were dif-appointed in not being able to vifit the fhip once more, and fend letters to our brethren at Otaheite.

Sunday i6th. About feven o’clock we had a prayer meeting, when brother Kelfo and Shelly engaged. As we had fitted up one of our cuckoo clocks, the ffriking of it excited great furprife and attention among the natives, who confidered it as a fpirit, on which account they would not touch it, and fuppofed, if they fiole any thing, the bird fpirit would detect them, which was not without its ufe. In the forenoon brother Buchanan preached from Jer. xxxii. 27. Several of the natives were prefent, and behaved very quietly : in the afternoon brother Kelfo, from 2 Theff. hi. i. John Connelly (the Irifh-man) paid us a vifit, accompanied by a brother of Fëenou Towago, a chief who lay fick at Noogollifva ; who having heard that Ambler had a day or two ago emptied a cocoa-nut into a Japan pint pot, in order to drink the milk, fent his brother about fixteen miles to beg fuch a one of us ; for without it, he was afraid he fhould not get well again. This requefi we infiantly complied with, and made a pro-

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mife to vifit him as foon as poflible. Futtafâihe font a mcflage by Connelly, entreating us to vifit him at Mooa; but this we could not comply with till we knew more of the language. Several of us went out to look for the fliip,, but faw nothing of her. Our patron, Töogahowe, made us a prefent to-day of three pieces of land; two uncultivated of about an acre each, and one about the fame fize well flocked with yams and banana-trees ; thefe, with the enclofure where our houfe flands, make about five acres. In the evening he fent us three baked hogs, a large quantity of yams, and a bundle of cloth. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;•

fuccefs. We fent Töogahowe a prefent of earthen-ware, two gimlets, and a few nails. Soon after he fent a meflenger, requefting us to go and fing to him before he fet off for Noogollifva ; but as he was at this time furrounded by fome hundreds who were drinking their morning kava, we declined going, and returned anfwer, that finging was a part of our worfhip, and we did not make a practice of doing it at other times ; which anfwer fatisfied him. He made inquiries concerning our clock ; but faid, he would not have fuch a fpirit in his houfe. Brother Harper made him a prefent of three fhawls ; and foon after he fent us a' hog and fome yams. Some of our number were employed in flubbing up old bread-fruit trees, and otherwife preparing our home enclofure for garden-feeds : the fecretary, Bowell, writing a vocabulary of the language. In the afternoon the mother-in-law of Ambler, with her two daughters, came to fee us ; her hufband is , commander in chief of the fleet of Töogahowe, and the moft flcilful failor on the ifland. She informed us, that if we fent to her when in want of provifions, flic would readily fupply us. Glory to God, we are not likely to know any want j he gives us enough and to fpare.

18th. After family worfhip we refumed our different employments. Several forts of feeds were fown, and more land prepared. A chief, named Cofawer, brought us a hog and fome yams, and kindly in-4

formed us, that whenever any of us went near his refidence, wc Iliould be welcome to what his plantation afforded. To-day Ambler left us to pay a vifit to Moomooe, being firft equipped by us with a fuit of clothes. Cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, amp;c. brought us by feveral people during the day.

19th. B. Ambler returned again this morning, and informed us, that the old king Moomooe expreffed fome furprife that none of us had vifited him fince our landing, nor fent him a prefent. A fervant from Fëenou To wago accompanied Ambler ; his mafter had fent him 'to beg a fork, a plate, an oil lamp, and fome red water fport wine). Some of them, it appears, had fpread abroad, that the Pappa Langa Tongatas (which is the name we go by) had in their poffeffion fome fmall things that gave better light than the nuts ftuck on the fplinters of the cocoa-nut, which they ufed ; and this had induced Towago to fend for one.

In the time of relaxation from the bufinefs of the garden we met, and confidered the propriety of fome of our body going to vifit Moomöoe and Futtafäilie i when it was refolved that brothers Kelfo and Buchanan fhould on Monday next accompany Ambler, and carry to each a prefent.

2,0th. Early this morning John Connelly took his leave to return to Futtafâihe, with whom he refides ; with him went the fervant of Towago with the fpecified prefents for his mafter. Our friend Mytyle came, and requefted one of us to fhave him ; which done, he fet off for Eöoa, of which ifland he is the fupreme chief.

Our clock excites wondrous attention. Every tool we make ufe of attracts the notice of the fpelt;ftators, with which we are commonly lurrounded. Many of them will mutter out bitter regret and reflections on their own country, becaufe fo ignorant of the ingenious arts with which we are acquainted. A poor objeCl, with ulcers round her wrifts of long ftanding, applied to us ; and in about two months we happily were able to cure her.

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Defiring to prepare a forge, we endeavoured to form moulds for brick : and to procure lime, we attempted to burn Ihells, which abound ; but found no convenient mode : we were able, however, to obtain fome from the natives, who ufe it to change the colour of their hair, and dive for the ftone in deep water, which they afterwards burn. We fhall no doubt, in time, be furniflicd with thefe things fufficient to fupply our wants.

2ifi. We were vifited to-day by feveral, who brought fmall pre-fents of fruit, amp;c. Leboolo, a petty chief, came in the afternoon. This man is accounted the firft fpearman in the country, on which account Töogahowe has made him his chief warrior.

22d. In the courfe of this week we have dug and planted about a fixth part of our home plantation i feveral old trees have been taken up, and an enclofure made for our hogs. Every employment we engage in excites the attention of the natives, who are frequently fo troublefome, that we are necefiitated to drive them away. Found the mufquitoes very unpleafant ; fome confined with fore feet, attended with great itching.

Sunday 23d. As ufual we had a prayer meeting this morning. About eight o’clock John Connelly paid us a vifit, bringing a fine hog and fome yams from Futtafäihe, who had alfo commiffioned him to make us an offer of any iflet we Ihould choofe among thofc which lie fcattered about Tongataboo, as feveral of them are his. Filli are in great plenty at thefe iflets, and during the hungry feafon will be peculiarly ufeful to us. At half pafl; ten brother Buchanan dif. courfed from John, i. : before he concluded, an old chief, named Attar, came with fome kava and a bunch of bananas ; he and his attendants fat quietly till the fervice was over ; after which, being told the day was facred, he apologized for difturbing us, and took leave. In the afternoon brother Kelfo preached from Luke, xxii. An inftance of a religious nature occurred to-day—the admiral of the fleet fet fail for Feejee in a large double canoe to fetch a fpirit (an

idol), as they term it, to cure old Moomöoe, who lies at the point of death ; and long before the canoe returns, which cannot be in lefs than two months, he mull be departed, and paft the fpirit’s charm. Oh may the time be haftened when they ftiall turn from thefe vanities to ferve the living God !

24th. Early this morning brothers Kelfo and Buchanan went with John Connelly to pay a vifit to Futtafaihe and Moomöoe at Noogollifva. The weather proving very warm, little' work was done without doors. A After of Fëenou Towago, named Onoadaier, came to fee us, and in the afternoon die fent us fome hoti. Hoti is a difti very much in requeft among the chiefs, and is made in the following manner : they firft pour cocoa-nut milk into a wooden bowl, then fcrape out the kernel with a fliell ; gee root is bruifed into the milk, and remains till the latter has imbibed a delicious fweetnefs from it J the root is then taken out of the milk, and the kernel mixed up with it, which we found a very rich mefs. Harper vifited Moomöoe’s fiatooka, about half a mile from the miflionary houfe at Bunghye, a beautiful folitary place furrounded by toa and other trees, on which hung vaft multitudes of bats as big as crows, called by the natives beaker. Here he faw two houfes ; in one there was a quantity of fpears and warlike implements, facred to the Odooa, or fpirit; in the other an image of a goddefs, called Fyëgâ ; to whom they pray for a favourable feafon for making cloth.

25th. Onoadaier paid us another vifit this morning, and made us a mefs of hoti ; which being done in our own houfe, gave us an opportunity of noticing the great cleanlinefs which they obferve ih their cookery. In the afternoon we were vifited by a young chief from Leefooka, called by Captain Cook, Leefooga; it is one of the Hapae, or Harby iftands. His name is Foonogge, and he is one of the fineft made men we have yet feen. ' As Ambler has been frequently with him, he has learnt feveral Englifh words, xyhich the young man fpeaks very plain. He indeed difeovered a furprifing facility to learn any word or letter which we fpoke, or pointed out to liim.

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26th. During the night we had copious fliowers of rain, and the wind blew frefh. About eight o’clock a chief brought us a pig and twenty fine yams j in return for which we gave him a few articles of earthen-ware. A fiiort time after we received a fimilar prefent. About ten o’clock brothers Buchanan and Kelfo returned from NoOgOllifva, bringing with them fugar-cane, drefled fifh, pork, and yams.

The following is a brief narration of their excurfion : ‘ ‘ At half pall fix we took our departure from Goloobaloo, and after wading about three quarters of a mile upon the beach got into a canoe, in which were three of Futtafäihe’s fervants to convey us to Noogollifva ; wind and tide being againft us, we landed about five miles from our journey’s end, and walking about an hour we came to the refidence of Feenou Töogahowe, who, furrounded by a circle of attendants, was taking his morning’s kava. When we had gone through the ufual falutations, and made him a prefent, we proceeded to fee his father, and found him removed to a new habitation, which was not quite finilhed j but twelve or fourteen men being at work upon it, they completed it foon after our arrival. Poor Moomöoe ïeemed dangeroufly ill, and was furrounded by feveral of his wives, the oldeft of whom is devoted to be ftrangled at his death. He feemed very well pleafed with the prefent we made him ; a piece of foap was a part of it, which when he faw, he exprelfed a wifli to be Ihaved, and was much gratified when it was done. Soon after this we were furnifihed with a mefs of fifh, yams, amp;c.

About ten o’clock we went to Futtafaihe, whom we found giving orders to get a large double canoe into a boat-houfe, fituated about twenty yards from high-water mark. He received us with great affability and good-nature, bidding us welcome, and apologized for the meannefs of the habitation, alfo for the fmaJlnefs of the prefents he had fent us : the reafon of which, he faid, was our living; at fo great a diftance from him. He received the prefent we made him with much good-humour, and without the avidity fo remarkable in

many others. When we had partaken of the refrefliments he had provided, he took us to the beach, and fhewed us feveral iHands, any of which, he faid, were at our fervice ; but he advifed againft going to examine them this afternoon, on account of the roughnefs of the Weather. Therefore, having a little time on our hands, we vifited feveral other chiefs ; and being at laft fent for by Töogahowe, we immediately waited upon him in company with Connelly, and found upon our arrival, that Moomöoe had fent us a large baked hog and fome yams. The hog was inftantly cut up with a fplinter of bamboo, and, together with the yams, divided among the chiefs who were prefent ; and when we had fpent a proper time here we returned again to Futtaf äihe, who had got a fowl ready dreffcd for us : and thus it was wherever we went, plentiful provifion was made. When we had fupped we retired to reft, but were rather difturbed by fome old women, who were employed the whole night in beating the legs of Futtafäihe. Next morning we rofe before daylight, intending to vifit the iflands and make choice of one of them, but were detained for fome time by a mifunderftanding of Futtafäihe’s orders. However, as the chief had been fent for to pay his laft vifit to Moomöoe, fuppofed to be dying, by Connelly’s exertions we embarked in two canoes, with three natives in each to paddle us. After fome time we landed at a place called Hollifva, where we were fliewn a well, which they informed us was dug by Captain Cook ; it is the largeft and deepeft we have feen in the country, but the water is bad, and the land contiguous to it much encumbered with underwood. Thence crofting a creek, we came to an ifland called Noogonoogo : here we breakfafted upon fifh and baked plantains at the firft houfe we came to ; after which we made a tour round the ifland, and found it, like that at Hollifva, abounding with underwood ; but it had a few plantations in good order, which feemed to have coft the natives much labour, on which account we refufed to accept of it.

23S nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[,797.

We therefore embarked again, and croffed to another, called Mäk-kahah; this we found well ftored with cocoa-nuts, plantains, breadfruit, and fugar-cane, alfo good frefh water. Upon the beach we found a curious coral rock, much refembling the Hump of an old tree, about five feet high and four thick j it was full of holes, in which were a great number of water-fnakes. The natives forbad us to hurt them, and would fcarce fuffer them to be touched, faying they were agees; which led us to fuppofe they were facred aninlals. Thefe fnakes were about thirty inches long : the body, from head to tail, is in circles of black and white alternately, each about half an inch broad ; along the top of the back is a beautiful ultramarine blue. •Though not venomous, the natives reprefent them as dangerous, and fay they will kill a man by twifting round his neck and biting a hole in his throat. We next examined another fmall ifland, called Faffâa, where was plenty of bread-fruit, but little of any thing elfe ; therefore, on our return, we made choice of Mäkkahah, and the few natives, about thirty in number, became our tenants ; from whom we could afterwards draw whatever we wanted of the produce, or de-' mand their filh, if we chofe it ; oj* improve the ifland, by making what alterations in it we pleafed. We found Futtàfâihe flill with Moomöoe ; he exprefled his approbation of our choice in a very obliging manner, and informed us farther, that he had fet three men to fit cordage to a fingle failing canoe, which he intended for our ufe. Moomöoe was now incapable of turning himfelf, and appeared to be haftening faft to dilfolution j neverthelefs he defired us to fend him a cuckoo clock, and a few of our number to fing pfalms for him. We were greatly fhocked with the behaviour of Töogahowe, who two days ago had caufed a young man (his own younger brother) to be ftrangled, that his father might recover. The viólim he had buried within a few yards of the houfe where w’e were, and he now came to mourn over him, which he did by fitting upon the grave with his elbows upon his knees, and covering his face with

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his hands remained a long time in filence, and then departed very thoughtful. After fupper Futtafaihe went to fit up with Moomöoe, and we retired to reft ; and early next morning embarking in a canoe, got home about nine o’clock.”

syth. It had rained hard during the night, which prevented us from working in the day. A prefent of a turtle and fome yams came from Noogollifva in Moomooc’s name : this is efteemed a valuable prefent in this country. Several of our garden-feeds have now made their appearance, and look exceedingly well; but the rats and mice are very deftrudive : our crops of peas have fallen a prey to their ravages, and we are afraid the beans will fhare the fame fate, except we find fome means to deftroy or drive away thefe vermin. A blind chief vifited us to-day.

28th. Weather ftill wet. Great numbers of people are daily-coming info our neighbourhood, bringing cloth, hogs, yams, amp;c.-to be difpofed of at the funeral of Moomöoe, whofe death is hourly expeded. Temporary huts are conftruding in every convenient place near to Bunghye, which was the ufual refidence of the king (Moomöoe), and where his fiatooka is, which ftands about half a mile from our houfe. A young woman arrived at our houfe this morning, and gave an affeding account of the fate of one of Moomöoe’s fons. The youth, it feems, lived at fome diftance from Noogollifva, where the father lies fick, and by order of whom he was fcnt for, under pretence of having his little fingers cut off, a cuftom common here, and done with a view to appeafe the anger of the Odpoa, that the fick perfon may recover, but, in fad, that he might be ftrangled. Upon the arrival of Colelallo he was fainted in a cordial manner by his elder brother Töogahowe, and foon after went to fee his father, whofe attendants feized upon him with a view to ftrangle him inftantly, when he, gueffing their intention, faid, if they would ufe gentler means he would fubmit to his father’s will ; but tltey continuing their violence, he by a great exertion beat them: off. Three feejee men were then called,, and thefe being joined, by a;

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lifter of the unfortunate Colelallo, they accomplifhed his death, Alas, how dreadful the darknefs that envelopes the minds of thole poor heathens ! The prince of darknefs has imprefled the idea on them, that the ftrength of the perfon ftrangled will be transferred into the lick, and recover him. Oh, when Ihall the happy period come when they lliall fay. What have we to do any more with idols ?

29th. Foonogge paid us a vifit this morning, and after him came our friend Mytyle, who informed us that Moomöoe had departed this life about four o’clock this morning. The people who palTed from Noogollifva, with their faces bruifed, and blood running down their cheeks, were numerous : inftead of cloth they wore matting-round them, and a twig of the chefnut-tree about their necks ; this, it feems, is their mourning drefs. About one o’clock Töogahowe arrived; and foon after Ambler, accompanied by brother Bo well, went to fee him. He was fitting in a fmall neat houfe, giving orders to feveral chiefs who fat around him, concerning the procuring the vaft fupplies of hogs, amp;c. that will be confumed at the funeral. About three o’clock the body of the deceafed king was carried paft our houfe, at a fmall diftance from the beach j it was laid on a kind of bier made of the boughs of trees, and fupported by about twenty men : feveral relatives of the deceafed preceded the corpfe in their mourning drelfes, as above ; fome of them had cut their heads with Ihark’s teeth, and the blood was running in ftreams down their faces. Behind the corpfe was a multitude of people of both fexes. A female chief called Fefene Duatonga, who is very corpulent, was carried on a kind of frame made of two long bamboos, between which ftie fat on a piece of matting, and was borne by four men. Near her Futtafäihe ] walked ; and next them two women, who were devoted to be ftrangled at the funeral : one was weeping, but the other appeared little concerned ; they both were wives of the deceafed. Some of us followed them to the fiatooka, near which they depofited the body for the prefent, in a houfe carried thither for the purpofe, and which was hung round with black cloth. This fiatooka is fituated on à

fpot of ground about four acres. A mount rifes with a gentle flope about feven feet, and is about one hundred and twenty yards in circumference at the bafe ; upon the top ftands a houie neatly made, which is about thirty feet long, and half that in width. The roof is thatched, and the fides and ends left open. In the middle of this houfe is the grave, the fides, ends, and bottom of which are of coral ftone, with a cover of the fame : the floor of the houfe is of fmall ftones. The etoa and other trees grow round the fiatooka.

To the left of the tomb, and without the enclofure, fat about four hundred people : the major part of them were men, for whom yava was brewing. Oppofite to thëfe were placed five large roafted hogs, twenty baileets of roafted yams, and about one hundred pieces of mai (or mahie), the four pafte. A few paces from the provifions fat feven or eight men, who were tabooed, and exempt from cutting themfelves. One of thefe gave orders concerning the difpofal of the hogs, yams, and yava ; all that drank of the latter were mentioned by name, by a perfon appointed to that office by Fefene Duatonga, who now feemed to have the management of the funeral. They did not forget us i but in dealing out the liquor fent us each a part, which we gave to the natives who fat by us. Perfons of both fexes feated themfelves in different parts of the ground, beating their faces dreadfully ; and after having emptied two bowls of yava, difperfed.

30th. During the night great numbers of people were paffing and repaffing. Preaching by brothers Buchanan and Kelfo. Many of the natives crowded round our gate, and a few were admitted. Preparations for the funeral were carried on with unremitting diligence by the natives.

May I ft. Three roafted hogs were fent us this morning, one from Fefene Duatonga, one from Töogahowe, and the other from Fëenou Lucalullo. In return we fent a prefent to Töogahowe only ; it confifted of a cooper’s adze, an auger, a gouge, three gimlets, a plane, two chilfels, amp;c. Several ftrangers came to gratify their cu-riofity during the day, great numbers of whom flood without the

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fence, noticing all our adions. Futtafäihe paid us a vifit this morning for the firft time fince we have been on fhore ; one of the brethren ftiaved him, and whilft he was doing it the natives were afraid any of the hair fhould fall to the ground, in which cafe not one of them would dare to eat under the roof again ; however, no accident of that kind happened. Great preparations are making at Bunghye for the funeral J people flocking from all quarters with hogs, fruit, cloth, fpears, and clubs.

2d. The crowd in our neighbourhood is prodigious, and alarming to us ; and we are informed they are likely to make a flay of two or three months, in which time He alone who reigns on high knows what excefles they may run into towards us.

As the funeral was to take place to-day, brother Bowell went with Ambler to Bunghye to fee the ceremony, and found about four thou-fand perfons fitting round the place where the fiatooka hands. A few minutes after our arrival we heard a great Ihouting and blowing of conch-fhells at a fmall diftance ; foon after about an hundred men appeared, armed with clubs and fpears, and rufhing into the area, began to cut and mangle themfelves in a moft dreadful manner: many ftruck their heads violently with their clubs ; and the blows, which might be heard thirty or forty yards off, they repeated till the blood ran down in ftreams. Others who had fpears, thruft them through their thighs, arms, and cheeks, all the while calling on the deceafed in a moll affedling manner. A native of Feejee, who had been a fervant of the deceafed, appeared quite frantic ; he entered the area with fire in his hand, and having previoufly oiled his hair, fet it on fire, and ran about with it all on flame. When they had fatisfied themfelves with this manner of torment, they fat down, beat their faces with their fills, and then retired. A fécond party went through the fame cruelties ; and after them a third entered, Ihouting and blowing the Ihells : four of the foremoft held Hones which they ufed to knock out their teeth ; thofe who blew the Ihells cut their heads with them in a Ihocking manner. A man that had a fpear run 4

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it through his arm juft above the elbow, and with it flicking faft ran about the area for fome time. Another, who feemed to be a principal chief, alt;fted as if quite bereft of his fenfes ; he ran to every corner of the area, and at each ftation beat his head with a club till the blood flowed down his flaoulders. After this brother Bowell, fhocked, and unable to bear the fcene any longer, returned home. Futtafäihe alfo came to our dwelling, and flayed about two hours. At two o’clock in the afternoon four of us went to the fiatooka, where the natives of both fexes were flill at the dreadful work of cutting and mangling themfelves. We had not been long there before we heard at a diflance, low but exprefflve founds of the deepefl forrow and lamentation : this was a party of about one hundred and forty women marching in Angle Ale, bearing each a balket of fand ; eighty men followed in the fame manner, with each two bafllt;ets of coral fand, and fung, as they marched, words importing, “ This is a^blefAngto “ the deadj” and were anfwered in refponfes -by the women. Another company of women brought a large quantity of cloth, and anfwered in their turn to the above refponfes. Thus thefe three bands walked towards the tomb, Alling or covering that part of the mount between the houfe and the place where the corpfe lay, and the grave, with flne mats and cloth; after which, feven men blew conch-fliells, whilfl others fung in a doleful flrain expreflive of the mofl heart-felt grief. The corpfe was now conveyed to the grave upon a large bale of black cloth, with which, and Ane mats, they covered it. The bearers, as they went, walked flooping low, and carrying the bale in their hands. Whilfl thefe fervices were performing, a company of men and women came into the area, and cut themfelves dreadfully. After them another Ale of females, nineteen in number, brought each a bag of their mofl valuable articles ; and twenty-one more had each a flne mat in their hands, all of which they depoflted in the' tomb, being, as they call it, a prefent for the dead ; and imnaediately after came a prefent from Tôogahowe, conflfling of thirty-flve bales of cloth, each bale carried by four men on a frame. After the pre-

Tents another party of mourners entered the area, fixteen of whom had recently cut their little fingers off’: thefe were followed by another party with clubs and fpears, who beat themfelves as before defcribed,/ * and disfigured their faces with cocoa-nut hulks fixed on the knuckles of both hands. We noticed that thofe who had held offices, or were related to the deceafed, were the moff cruel to themfelves ; fome of whom thruft two, three, and even four fpears into their arms, and fo danced round the area, and fome broke the ends of the fpears in their flefia. The grave was covered with a hewn hone about eight feet long, four broad, and one thick : this ftone they had fufpended with two large ropes, which went round two ftrong piles drove into the ' ground at the end of the houfe, and thence led to the. area, where about two hundred men held by them ; and whilff they lowered it llowly, women and children wept aloud, or fung words importing, “ My father, my father ! the beft of chiefs, amp;c.” More cloth was

• then brought to be put into the tomb ; and another party entered, and abufed themfelves as before. After thefe paroxyfms of grief they fat awhile in filence ; and when they had pulled the rope clear off the ftone which covered the grave, thofe on the mount gave a great ffiout, which was anfwered by a general tearing of the leaves from the necks of all prefent; after which they difperfed.

3d. Several ftrangers vifited us this morning, many of whom are chiefs of confiderable influence : from them we received a few fmall prefents. The dreadful work of cutting and mangling was again renewed to-day with frefh vigour by the natives ; but on re-fledlion we did not think proper to go, and countenance by our prefence the cruel cuftoms of this poor deluded people. Except being crowded by natives round our enclofure, nothing material occurred on the two following days J but to prevent mifchief as much as in us lay, we watched at nights, two at a time, though, thank God, wc have not as yet been molefted ; and our friend Töogahowe has threatened with death any man that fhould be detedfed in robbing us.

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wearing apparel, and a box to fecure them, pretended to be robbed by the natives, and contrived to have the empty box brought back ; but' vze fufpedled the cheat. He beat one of the women he lived with inhumanly, who ran away, and the friends of the, other carried her off; yet though this fellow was fo wicked, he rendered us confiderable fervice by inftruóling us in the language, as alfo did a young chief named Fynogge.

6th. Took a walk to Mooco, a fine elevated fpot near the beach, with houfes and enclofures, belonging to Fêenou To wago, who lay fick. We ftaid with him about four hours. He made ug a prefent of a fine American dog, an animal of which we flood in need. We received alfo a prefent from a great chief of the Harby iflands.

On our way we obferved the country, and the manner of fencing and cultivating their lands. It is in general level, laid out in fields or fmaller enclofures, called abbeys, and fome flill lefs, which furround the houfes, called ladöres. Their fences are reed, fet in a trench, plaited clofe, and faflened to flakes on the infide, which flrike root and grow : they contain banana-trees, or yams, fet in rows three feet afunder, which were now ripe ; between the rows the yava root was cultivated, or the talloo, another efculent root; but they left the uncultivated parts very foul, and overgrown with weeds and grafs. Their mode of working is to fquat down on their hams, and hoe the ground with an inflrument of hard wood, about five feet long, narrow, with fliarp edges, and pointed ; with this alfo they dig it up.

In the evening Benjamin Ambler made ufe of very improper language to the brethren, and defired them to quit the abbey, and to fow no more feeds. On this we applied to our friend and patron Töogahowe ; Mytyle, who has rendered us fo many kind offices, accompanied us. Töogahowe received us very cordially, faid he loved us and all our brethren, and immediately gave us a pig and twenty fine yams ; and when he had heard our complaint was very angry, and fent im-r. mediately for Ambler,, who came,, and notwithflanding his endear 1

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vours to palliate what he had faid, he received a fevere reproof from the chief, who told him that he had no right to our houfe, nor anything about us, and defired he would let us alone in future.

7th. This forenoon Futtafäihe, accompanied by two of his tuckongers (or counfellors), came, and Raid about an hour with us, then took their leave.

About ten A. M. brother Buchanan preached from Heb. xii. i.; in the afternoon brother Kelfo from Cant. i. and afterwards ad-miniftered the Lord’s fupper. As few of the natives were permitted within the enclofure, we were enabled to wait on the God of our fal-vation without diftradlion.

8th. Our friend Toogahowe, attended by a numerous retinue, brought us two pieces of cloth, and a fpade which we had given him the week before ; he now wanted it cut in pieces, to make fmall iron tools J this was done, and as the grindftone had been fitted up, they were alfo fliarpened for him: having fome yava root by us, we gave it to him, fo that while the bufinefs of the fpade was going on, they regaled themfelves over a bowl, and afterwards departed much pleafed. Futtafäihe came to-day likewife, and brought with him a fine turtle. More than twenty large double canoes arrived from the Harby iflands, carrying upwards of fifty perfons each : in one of them was Morgan Bryan, an Irifhman, the former Ihipmate of Ambler and Connelly : he had heard of our arrival fo early as about the time the Iliip failed. As foon as he landed he came and ftaid fome time, but during our interview gave fuch fpecimens of depravity as excited a wifh for him never more to come under our roof. A writing-book forgotten at Fëenou Tôogahowe’s his wife firft denied, and then produced ftripped of moft of the leaves.

9th. Several chiefs came to fee us this morning, and brought tools tobe fharpened. Morgan came again to fee us, and to our grief we are likely to have much of his company. Provifions in abundance are ftill brought to Bunghye from all parts of the country. Strangers likewife are vifiting the fiatooka of Moomöoe, \yhere they continue the

cruel mourning ceremony, but not fo much now as a few days ago. Morgan, who had in the morning requefted iron tools of us, which we did not think proper to give, took the liberty, in concert with Ambler, to upbraid us, and to ufe fuch language as much hurt our minds. Ambler well knew that our ftock of tools was much reduced, yet he did not fcruple to fay, that, unlefs we complied with his re-queft, he would, before ten days elapfed, adopt means to fatisfy him-felf J and with this threat walked off. May He who has faid, “ Be “ not difmayed, I am thy God,” proteól; us with his almighty power from the machinations of thofe wicked men !

10th. About five A. M. brother Kelfo being on watch difcovered a man creeping through the fence ; he immediately ftruck the thief, and repeated his blows till the man ran off. Mytyle being acquainted with it, was very forry the fellow was not killed. A filter of Töogahowe’s, named Fëenou Allawallo, fent us a fine hog and eight balkets of yams, and feveral of her family followed, and ftaid molt of the afternoon, which was rainy. In the evening Töogahowe came himfelf, with a chief from Harby ; before he departed he received a coverlid from one of the brethren, with which he was highly gratified.

nth. John Connelly informs us, that while the chiefs fat over the yava bowl this morning, he overheard them laying plans to embrace the firft opportunity to deprive us of all our poffeffions, but that they waited the return of the fhip, when they hoped we fhould receive more articles. The truth of this report we have no reafon to doubt, as we know there is not a man on the ifland but would tell us upon inquiry, that they are “ matdê monucka,” that is to fay, “ dying “ in love for our things.” This information gave us no fmall un-cafinefs, and led us to inquire what fteps were proper to be taken at this critical junóture, and which was the path of duty. We knew not the way of proceeding they might take to effed their purpofe ; but as favages generally work themfelves up to fury on occafions of enterprife, we had but little hope that they would regard our lives.

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After debating the fubjeól, we concluded the fafeft plan would be, to feparate, and, going two together, put ourfelves under the protedlion ot the greatelb chiefs, and place our property alfo under their care ; by which means we might fecure our perfons, and, at leaft, fave our books ; but that we might have one place whereat to meet and commune together, it was judged proper that fpur of our number fhould remain with Toogahowe.

In the afternoon brothers Bowell and Veefon, accompanied by Connelly, went in quell of Toogahowe, who feemed to difeover little concern when he heard of our circumflances ; but wifhed that he might have his fliare of the property, if we did feparate. On this we invited him to our habitation, and opened every box to his view, from every one of which he took fomething, by way of tithe, and departed fatisfied.

12th. The night paffed quietly, and but few of the natives came near our fence j however, the alarm of yefterday was by no means quelled. Toogahowe willied for us all to remain with him, the motives for which we could eafily fee through ; it appearing evident that he hoped to receive fomething confiderable on the return of the fhip. But the more we weighed the fubjeót, the more were we perfuaded of the impropriety of remaining together. We had witnelTed a great walle of provifions at the recent ceremonies, and which, by the daily influx of flrangers, was likely to continue j this we were certain would be feverely felt in the fcarce feafon, which was fall approaching. We had many articles in our pofleflion which would engage their aftedlion and friendfhip. Except we feparated, we were likely to be the principal fufferers,, it being much eafier for a chief to provide for two or four than for ten ; befides, we had hopes of acquiring the language with greater facility. We therefore waited again upon Toogahowe, and acquainted him with our refolution : he feemed willing we fliould do as we pleafed ; but only feemed fo, for we knew he was inwardly vexed about it. A chief named Mu-liccmar was fpoken to, who agreed to take any two of our number.

We next addrefled Fëenou Al la wal lo ; Ihe is accounted the greateft chief of her family, is the lifter of Töogahowe and mother of Fëenou Towago. She faid that Ihe would gladly take two of us, but that her brother was averfe to our leaving him : that, as we had landed under his protedlion, he wlHied us to remain fo ; and that he would account the chief his enemy who attempted to entice us from him. On this account flie advifed us only to vifit the chiefs at their houfes, where we might make our ftay long or fhort, and fo return again j and that at her houfe we Ihould be always welcome. This advice we at prefent adopted, and we refolvcd to wait as we were.

A great heiva or mai was performed at the fiatooka of Moomöoe s firft by women in their beft garments and fineft mats' ; pieces of %Ur cloth or filk were added as ornaments ; the perfumed cocoa-nut oil dropping from their hair. Two drums, and a vocal concert of men fitting round, accompanied the women, who alfo fung and danced, performing different evolutions in a moft graceful manner. An old chief at intervals called out, “ Fyfogee,” or. Encore; and fometimes

Great preparations were made this morning for what they call a mai, which was intended to be celebrated in the evening by women. Upwards of one hundred and thirty hogs were roafted, and, with three hundred bafkets of yams, were diftributed by Töogahowe. Seven hogs and as many bafkets of yams were fent us by different perfons. Our vifitors of rank were numerous.

As they are always in fearch for iron, a thief contrived to fteal our wafti-tub, took the hoops off, and concealed the ftaves in the grafs. Thus we were deprived of the only utenfil we poffeffed of this kind.

14th. Divine fervice by brother Buchanan, from Heb. xii. 2. : afternoon, by brother Kelfo, from Rom. vi. 23.

To-day Töogahowe was vefted with the name and authority of Dugonagaboola, in the room of his father, Moomöoe, deceafed. His name was now changed from Fëenou Töogahowe to that of Talliata-

boo, the god of their family ; and we underftand that none of his fiibjedfs muft in future addrefs him by his former name, on pain of death.

16th to the 21 ft. On Monday night we had a fevere temped, with copious fliowers of rain. Strangers dill arc coming from the Harby idands and Vavao ; many of whom, as they arrive, go to the fiatooka, and pay their tribute of refpedh to the deceafed, by cruel indidlions on their own bodies. The fcenes of joy and mourning now occupy their whole time: at prefent the diverfions of the women prevail ; and in a few days the men will commence theirs. Thofe who come from didant parts of this idand are returning home, on account of the difficulty of getting food at Bunghye. The diverfions and ceremonies, we fuppofe, will yet lad fome weeks, in which time we cannot expeët to make much improvement in our land.

On Sunday the 2id, brother Buchanan difcourfed from his former text J brother Kelfo, from Col. ii. 12.

22d. Prepared a piece of ground for turnips, which thrive better than any other feeds. Set fome peas and beans ; thofe we fird planted were in blow in about two months. The peas were chiedy dedroyed by the rats, which abound here. Walked over the wedern part of the idand, not more than a mile acrofs. The diore rocky ; a heavy furf upon it. Obferved the natives amufing themfelves with fwim-ming in the furf, and carried on the top of the wave ; this fport they call fäneefö.

The men have begun their diverfions at Moomöoe’s fiatooka, and pradife morning and evening in different parties, under different chiefs. Next Sunday is fixed for the cartonga lahie, or great toomai ; after which, we are informed, many of the people will dif-perfe, of which we diall be heartily.glad..

28th. The great toomai was performed by men drefled in their fined robes, and mats ornamented with feathers, beads, diells, amp;c. ;

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the drums called tarraffe founding, accompanied by a chorus of performers finging, and holding in their hands an inftrument like a paddle, called doboche, about two feet and a half long, with a fliort handle J making curious fiourifhes, with correfponding motions, and different attitudes; thofe around them joining in the chorus. They began in three lines, and fhifted by various evolutions, till thofe in the rear became the front, moving in exact time, and with a graceful ftep. Some of our number make a practice of vifiting one or other of the great chiefs every day, by whom we are treated with much affedlion, and they offer us any thing in their poffeflion. They take great pains, and difplay much ingenuity, in endeavouring to make us .underftand their language. Through the week we have had a moft liberal fupply of provifions fent us, and have eleven hogs in our ffy, more than we well know how to feed. Maintained our ufual, worfhip ; brother Buchanan fpoke from Heb. xii. 2. Kelfo from Col. ii. 13.

29th. Two of our brethren being invited by Futtafäihe to Mooa, they fet off, and overtook him in about two miles, having refted with his party to take their morning draught of kava : they purfued their journey in company. The Dooatonga being unwell was carried by four porters, on a kind of litter. They proceeded not in the diredt road by the beach, but turned to the right inland, and flopped at the largefl houfe they had feen in the ifland, being one hundred and eighteen feet by fifty-fix, and neatly thatched ; it is called Nafîôola, and is about fix miles from ours. Here they refled about three hours, during which they took a turn to Lego, as they call the weflern part of the ifland, faw much land cultivated for yams, but more negledled and overgrown with weeds. There were vafl groves of cocoa-nuts, which grew on the bare rocks, even to the edge of the cliffs. Below was a delightful fpring gufliing out of a rocky cavern, inta which, at high water, the fea flows. In the evening they went to Tôgamalôolo, a beautiful fpot at a little diflance from the road, where

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they fiept. Before the houfe was a large green area, and on each fide a fiatooka containing three tombs.

30th. Reached Mooa, the refidence of Futtafäihej they found the abbeys and ladores of this village in a very ruinous condition, and the fences much out of repair. Here are feveral houfes, which Connelly faid were /pints' houfes, where they found logs of wood, ftones, and bundles of rags, which were confidered as fpirits, being brought from the Feejee iflands. Thefe places are falling down, but fo facred, they muft not be touched to repair them. Futtafaihe is very fuperftitious, and himfelf efteemed as an odooa or god; he is alfo much devoted to pleafure, finging, and dancing ; has feveral wives, the firfl women of the country ; one, the daughter of Moomöoe, called Dooboumaofer : fhe has features and a complexion very like a European, as fhe feldom goes out of the houfe, or expofes herfelf to the fun and air.

The lands about Mooa are ill cultivated, and overgrown with grafs and trafh ; though there are many beautiful abbeys planted with a variety of trees and flowering fhrubs of the mofl delicious fragrance.

31ft. Very rainy and tempeftuous. When it cleared up they walked out to fee the abbeys, canoes, amp;c. The fiatookas are remarkable. There lie the Futtafäihes for many generations, fome vaft and ruinous, which is the cafe with the largefl: j the houfe on the top of it is fallen, and the area and tomb itfelf overgrown with wood.and weeds. Poulaho, the father of the prefent king, is faid to have'died and been interred at Vavao.

The hiftory, if Ambler’s report is to be received, is this ; that Poulaho, but more efpecially his wife Mahoofe, of the Doubou family, were tyrannical in their government, difpofleffing the chiefs arbitrarily, and rendering themfelves odious. Töogahowe was then chief at Eöoa. Her majefty, after Poulaho’s deceafe, difmilTed him from his poft, and nominated another. This he refented, and refufed to fubmit ; and told the meffenger he was a tooa, and not an ägee,

or chief, elfe he would have challenged him to fingle combat ; but now he had only to depart with his train, or he would put him to death. The wind blew a ftorm, but he halted back to his miftrefs, who inquired the reafon of his return in fuch a gale : he related his reception; and Ihe replied, “ Töogahowe has a mind to be killed, “ I will punilh his infolence.” Töogahowe meantime convened the other chiefs, and urged them to join him in fupport of their privileges. The conflidl proved in their favour, and the queen was driven to Ahëefo, and took Ihelter at a houfe near ours at Attaboo. Here Ihe fat with a garland of leaves about her neck, and a göoter-koo in her mouth, which fignified, I crave mercy. Töogahowe was going to difpatch her with his tooca-tooca, or fpear, but was withheld by his followers ; and Ihe was fiilfered to efcape to the Harby illands, where Ihe now lives in exile. Töogahowe, viélo-rious, exercifed great cruelties on his enemies, tying fome to trees and burning them alive, and making great dévaluations at the Harby illands. In a fight with the people of Vavao, his canoe outfailed the reft, and he fought them alone with fuch fury as gained the vidlory, and raifed the fame of his military prowefs to the higheft pitch ; fo that he is univerfally dreaded and obeyed. Our miftion— aries were witnelfes to fome of Töogahowe’s fa vage condudl. One man who difpleafed him had his hand cut off” on the fpot ; and another was tied up with his arms extended, and two women were ordered with lighted flicks to burn him under the arm-pits. Our brethren interceded for him, and happily refcucd him from this cruel punifhment.

June I ft. The brethren returned in a failing canoe to Ahëefo. Fut-tafäihe made them a prefent of a hog and twenty yams, and accompanied them to a fmall illand in the bay called Mäkkahah, which he had given them.

At Ahëefo found feveral chiefs returning to their homes ; one of them, named Möore, invited Cooper and Gaulton to accompany him to Ahoge on a vifit, which they accepted. Several of the chiefs have given us prefling invitations to refide with them, and have of.

fered us houfes, and whatever we can defire ; fo that, whenever wc feparate, there is no fear of wanting an afylum.

5th. Bowell and Harper paid a vifit to Vaarjee, a chief of great influence in the diftriél of Ardeo ; he informed us of fome of the villanies of Morgan and Ambler, refpefting feveral things they had ftolen from us ; and we met fome women drelTed in the ftolen things.

6th. Vaarjee led us a walk acrofs the country to his family fiatooka. Below the cliff are caverns on which the furf beats, and the water guflies back with furprifing violence.

7th. Bowell and Harper returned from Ardeo, highly pleafed with the treatment they had received. Vaarjee inquired earneftly of Mr. Bowell, if we had any who could affift women in difficult labours. Two of his fervants attended them with a large mat to fleep on, and to aflure us of hogs and yams whenever we wanted them, and an invitation to come to him whenever we pleafed. He lives about ten -miles from us. His land is the beft cultivated we have feen^ he has the largeft diftriól of any chief at Tonga; and is not obliged to furnifti Dugonagaboola with his produce. He employs a great number of fervants in different occupations and labours. At our return we found the materials ready, and laid at our gate, which Töogahowe had promifed to enlarge our dwelling. A mattock which we fometimes ufed took his fancy, and was given him. Mytyle objecfting to another erecftion within the abbey, we fet it up in an adjoining field, which we propofed to clear and cultivate.

10th. Heard that Feenou Lukolallo was ill, and not likely to live. A pair of pantaloons were ftolen. Mytyle had ingratiated himfelf with us, by his readinefs to teach us the language, and was a very intelligent man, but we were forry to deteft him in feveral petty thefts.

I ith. Spent the Lord’s day in our ufual manner. Futtafäihc vifited us, and wifhed we would fliave him. We excufed ourfelves

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from doing it, as we never did any manual labour on the odooa day. Our gracious Father has given us great acceptance in the fight of this people, who exprefs much furprife at obferving how different our manners are from thofe of our countrymen, whofe time is fpent in idlenefs and profligacy. One of them has four wives, another three, and the other two. With fuch men it is impoffible for us to maintain any fellowfliip, and their envy and enmity we bitterly experience.

12th. This morning Lukolallo died; and Fenogge, a young chief, informed us that Morgan and Ambler had, been very induf-trious of late to irritate the minds of the natives againft us, telling them that we were only tooas (mean people^, and that they were agees (chiefs), and fons of the king of England. They had alfo recommended to them to attack and plunder us. After this we did not think proper to flay in the houfe where we were, but to remove to one larger, which flood in the enclofure next to Dugonagaboola, to. which the chief readily confented, and all things except our hogs were taken thither this evening. However, next day when we went to fetch them we found the fly broken, and but one remaining ; two were near the fly, and after the flridleft fearch we found only another : thus our flock was reduced from nine to four..

14th. Ambler and Morgan having heard that we fufpefled them' of having driven off our hogs, came to our houfe, and began to abufe us ; and Morgan even kicked one of our number. Seeing them determined to proceed further, a fcuffle enfued ; Morgan again flruck with his club the perfon he had before kicked ; but the blow did no great injury. They then defifled, finding themfelves overpowered,, but not from uttering the mofl horrid execrations both on us and alfo on themfelves if they did not prove bitter enemies, and murder us. before morning..

In the evening we again met to confider further the propriety of remaining together ; when it was obferved, befides the reafon formerly given, that we made lefs progrefs in the language than we fliould if

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we had only natives to converfe with. After much converfation, there appeared, on a divifion, eight for parting, again ft it two. It was then agreed, that a divifion of the public property fhould take place. On acquainting Dugonagaboola with what we had done, he confented, and promifed to come to our houfe on the 17th, and receive a prefent which we had provided for him.

15th. A divifion of the public property took place. Morgan and Ambler came again to-day, but more peaceably difpofed. On the 16th Connelly came and afted his part. He wanted a clock for Futtafäihe, and infifted upon having it, faying that it had been promifed before. But we could not think of complying with fuch pre-fumptuous demands, efpecially as we knew no fuch promife had ever been made -, therefore he went away much difpleafed. Next day he came again, and received the fame anfwer. He then fwore he would do us all the harm he could, and that he would murder the firfi: of us he could get into his power. Thus we experience perils among the heathen, but more from our own countrymen.

Sunday i8th. Buchanan preached from Pfalm Ixxiii. i, 2, 3. Kelfo, from Heb. iv. 10.

20th. Our vifitors are not half fo numerous now as they have been, owing in part to a funeral ceremony about three miles from our habitation. This morning Mytyle fent his fervants with one of our loft hogs. Vaarjee’s funeral fervices ending, he told us he fhould return in two nights ; and, if we were ready to go with him, would fend his fervants to remove our luggage ; to which we agreed, and went to Attaboo to fee our garden ; only a few cabbage-plants had come up, which we tranfplanted. But Vaarjee being unexpectedly detained four or five nights longer, we returned to our houfe at Bunghye. Thither in the evening two chiefs brought a fine lad, with his hands tied together with finnet, and wanted to barter (fuccatöw) him for an axe. We inquired what the lad had done, if he was ën.w, a bad boy; they faid. No, lille döono öofee, ällofy

faköw. Good for roafting yams and running errands. But we told them we were tabooed from all fuch iniquitous praélices as felling our fellow-creatures ; on which they carried him away.

24th. Went to vifit the fiatooka of Fëenou Lukolallo near the fea at Valoo : it is on a fine plain fliaded with toa and other trees. Several people fat round the grave, which was covered with black cloth, and remarkably clean and neat ; we fat down to converfe with them, and improve the opportunity for their inftrudfion. They fliewed us two logs of wood rudely carved in a human fhape, which they faid vœre odooas brought from Feejee. We told them thefe could not be fpirits, but mere pieces of wood fit only for the fire. Nor did they feem, by the manner in which they toffed them about, to have any idea of their fandity. We have not yet found that they have priefis, or any ftated ceremonial w^orfliip, but poflefs many fuperftitious notions about fpirits ; and that by firangling fome relations of the chief when he is fick, the deity will be appeafed, and he will recover.

27th. Shelly and Nobbs accompanied Vaharlo to his houfe at Ahoge. This chief has fhewn a peculiar attachment-to us. Vaarjec called on us in confequence of a meflage to him from Dugonagaboola, who did not chufe we fhould leave him, or rather remove with our cffedls to another chief. However, on making him a fented, affured us of his cordial regard, and that whenever we came to Ahëefo we fhould have a welcome reception with him.

28th. About a quarter pafi three o’clock in the morning we ^vere much alarmed by a fhock of an earthquake, which lafied about a minute, during which time the earth kept a continual trembling ; it was fenfibly felt by us all. Our confiernation on this oc-cafion was much increafed by the natives around us, who feemed quite panic-firuck, and fet up loud cries j and the furf on the beach made

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a greater noife than we ever heard before. This we confidered as a wonderful exertion of divine power, and a fign at which we beheld thofe who dwell at the uttermoft parts of the earth tremble. May the time haften when they fhall learn to know and love Him of whom they are afraid ! Early in the morning we were vifited by fome of the natives, to whom we mentioned the earthquake ; the impreffion it made upon them feemed to be but momentary j they imputed it to the odooa Çor fpirit), of which they feem to have very confufed notions, afcribing every thing to it which exceeds their comprehenfion, and of which they know not the immediate caufe. Ambler fays that it . is the fourth fhock they have had fince he landed here about eighteen months ago. To-day brothers Bowell and Harper took their departure from us, and went to refide with Vaarjee, a principal chief at Ardeo, about ten miles diftant.

29th. Bowell and Harper embarked with Vaarjee and his mother Duatonga Fefene, who feems the firft woman in the ifland, and was going to Mooa. They landed at a fmall ifland in the bay, where they flept the firft night.

Nobbs and Shelly returned from Ahoge, where they had felt the earthquake as fenfibly as we had done, and attended with much the fame .circumftances. They report that they were treated with the greateft kindnefs, not only by their friend, but by all with whom they had any intercourfe ; as a proof whereof/;they brought two hogs, two hundred yams, and fix bunches of cocoa-nuts.

■ 30th. Finding Bowell and Harper reading'a book, their friend Vaarjee inquired what it faid ; they endeavoured to make him comprehend the facred fubjeél of which it treated, which he feemed to underftand, and mentioned to his mother, who was fitting by. They embarked at eight o’clock ; the wind being agàinft them, they beat up to Mooa, and were entertained for the night by Kanëer, a friend of this chief. The next day, the 31ft, they arrived at Ardeo. Spent the evening ia learning the language j their friend Vaarjee being an

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excellent tutor, and improving every occurrence to make them acquainted with the meaning of words, and the names of things, in the cleareft manner.

July I ft. Dugonagaboola fent for brother Shelly, to inform him of his intended departure to Mooa on Monday next ; and as he was appre-henfive that we might run fhort of provifions in his abfence, he advifed us to accompany him thither, and offered to put our property into a place of fafety till his return, which he propofes in about two moons, or rnonths j but as we expedt the fhip much fooner, we thought it inexpedient to accept this favour. We could not, however, fuffi-ciently admire the goodnefs of God, who hath the hearts of all men in his keeping, thus to incline this man to fuch a provident care over us, notwithftanding the pains our adverfaries have taken to incenfc him againft us.

, Sunday 2d. Brother Buchanan preached in the morning from 1 Thelf. V. 9. ; brother Kelfo, afternoon, from Matt, xxvii. 35. and afterwards difpenfed the Lord’s fupper.

3d. Brother Veefon went to refide with Mulicemar, in the diftriét of Ahoge. We now begin to fee fomething of the defigns of Providence in cafting us at our firft landing into the midft of fuch con-fußon and diforder as then filled us with apprehenfion for our fafety ; he at that time not only made daily difplays of his almighty power, and gracious care, in proteóting us from every threatening danger, but, by colleéfing a vaft concourfe of ftrangers from every quarter, both of Tongataboo and the adjacent iflands, and giving us favour in their fight, feems already to have opened a door for us to every part ,of this extenfive group. We have received prefiing invitations to feveral of the neighbouring iflands, which nothing but a want of the language has prevented us from accepting. But we hope by a diligent application to remove that obftacle : fo that we now look for opportunities of promoting the glorious defign in which we are engaged, which at firft we little expedled. “ The Lord’s way is in

“ the fea, and his path in the great waters, and his footdeps are not known.”

4th. At feven in the morning, being nearly anfwerable to the time when we expedl our friends in London to be engaged in the like exercife, we held our monthly prayer-meeting, and encouraged ourfelves with the thought that many of the Lord’s people were ear-neftly befeeching at a throne of grace in our behalf ; and truft it will be no fmall comfort to them to know, that he has gracioufly heard, and feems to be giving anfwers of peace, by continually bellowing on us a rich fupply of every needful blefling.

In the afternoon we received a letter from brothers Bowell and Harper, acquainting us with their welfare.

7th. We were vifited by the wife and daughter of Möoe, a chief who refides at Ahoge, and to whom brothers Gaulton and Cooper had paid a vifit fome time ago. He at that time had given them a large houfe and plantation, to induce them to refide with him, to which they confented ; but, being fince prevented, his impatience excited him to fend this meflage for them. They brought a hog and a large quantity of yams.

This evening we felt another fhock of an earthquake, but it was neither fo fenfible nor of fo long duration as the former.

8th. Brother Harper came to fee us, and fays that they are very comfortable at Ardeo with Vaarjee, who is anxious to indulge them to the utmoft of his power, and has afligned them apartments wholly to themfelves, and is very ready and ufeful in inftrudling them in the language.

Sunday the 9th, brother Buchanan preached from i ThelT. v. 9. j brother Kelfo, from Gen. xxii. i.

we began to cultivate. Taught Vaarjee’s men the method of digging the ground with fpades, and planted fome pine-apples. Vifited a chief called Töoboocoväloo, a relation of our friend j were entertained with great hofpitality, and received from him a fine fow in pig, and three-fcore yams, for which, in return, we gave him two or three tools, and fome earthen plates. On the Lord’s day having told Töoboocoväloo that we did no work, and fpent the whole in the worfhip of God, he aflced with much humour, whether we might eat on that day i and having informed him, he very kindly fent us a baked hog, on which we dined together : he gave us alfo a very fine myrtle and other flirubs, with pine-apples for our garden, which we planted. Received alfo a parcel of garden-feeds and a fpade from Bunghye.

14th. After confiant and heavy rain, which lafied from morning until night with little intermiflion, we were vifited with the heaviefi fiorm of thunder and lightning which we have had fince our arrival on the ifland ; however, fuch weather feems not fo frequent here as might be expedled from the fituation of the country.

15th. The rain fiill continued very heavy all day. In the evening brother Wilkinfon returned home, having been kindly entertained by our brethren at Ardeo. On his return he lofi his way, and was ex-pofed to fome danger ; but the Lord, who keeps all our goings, gracioufly preferved him.

16th, Sunday. Brother Buchanan difcourfed from Ifaiah, liv. 13. During the intervals of worfhip we heard a hideous outcry of the natives towards Bunghye, and were afterwards informed that it was occafioned by a number of men jufi arrived from Vavao, who had repaired to Moomöoe’s tomb, to evince their affedtion and refpedl by the fame cruel ceremonies as had been obferved at his funeral. O that the falvation of Ifrael were come forth out of Zion ! When God brings back the captivity of this people, how will our hearts rejoice to hear thefe horrid bowlings changed into fongs of praife to Him who has redeemed his people from death, and ranfomed them from the

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power of the grave ! In the afternoon brother Kelfo preached from Dent, xxxii. 2.

17th. We were favoured with a vifit from brother Veefon/’and a fon of Mulicemarj they brought a fine hog and yams with them trom that chief, and informed us of the death of Tamaifuma on the 13th inftant ; he was a chief of great repute for perfonal courage ; and this circumftance our adverfaries feem to improve to fome pur-pofe againft us, by making the natives believe that our God, in anfwer to our prayers, kills them. This being the third chief that has died fince our arrival, makes them fay they never died fo faft before; and imputing all to the fame caufe, they fay, that if we continue praying and finging, there will not be a chief left alive. This idea, which could only originate from the father of lies, working in thefe children of difobedience, feems calculated to create us fome trouble; but ftill it is an unfpeakable comfort to reflect, that it Ihall prevail no farther than is confiftent with the holy, wife, and gracious defign of our heavenly Father, who, we doubt not, will make his ftrength perfedt in our weaknefs, fo that we may boldly fay, “ The “ Lord is our helper, we will not fear what man can do unto us.”

On the 18th the fame idea was mentioned to us by different per-fons ; it feems to gain ground with them very faft, and our endeavours to perfuade them to the contrary are fruitlefs at prefent. In the forenoon brother Veefon took his leave ; and on Saturday the 22d, brother Bowell paid us a vifit. In the beginning of the week he had been at Mooa, where the greateft part of the inhabitants are at prefent aflemblçd for the celebration of the annual natche. There he found the minds of the people had received the fame dangerous impreffion, and that our countrymen were the foie authors and propagators of it ; the Lord, however, has gracioufly over-ruled it, fo that it has in fome degree brought the mifchief they intended us upon their own heads. When it was firft mentioned to brother Bowell, Vaarjee was prefent, and was much difpleafed with the perfon w^ho fpoke of it. Ambler

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had alfo endeavoured to poifon the mind of Dugonagaboola, who heard him with great indignation, and luffed him out of his prefence. A few days after, this fellow quarrelled with one of the chief’s carpenters, whom he kicked on the breaft, and abufed him otherwife in a fhocking manner : on this he complained to his mailer, and Ambler, inftead of making any acknowledgments for his conduól, thought proper to juftify it in the mod provoking manner ; upon which he ordered him from his prefence, threatening his life if he ever fhewed his face there more : -fince that we hear he has gone to Futtafaihe; fo that Morgan, Connelly, and he, are all together, and, we have no doubt, will be aftive in plotting farther mifchief : thus their machinations were deftroyed without our interference. How true is it, that the wrath of man fhall praife God, and the remainder of wrath he will reflrain, and that no weapon formed againft his people fhall profper !

23d. Brother Buchanan preached in the morning from Ifaiah, liv. 13. Kelfo, from Deut. xxxii. 2.j after which brother Bowell took his leave.

On the 26th, brother Shelly, who has had the care of our few medicines fince brother Harper left us, went to fee a woman who, with others, had eaten fome fifh of a poifonous nature, which was likely to be, to her in particular, attended with bad confequences : an emetic was adminiflered, which removed the caufe of the diforder, and reflored the poor woman to health. According to the cuflom of the country, he received his fee before he returned: this was a roafted hog, which is generally killed as foon as the doólor arrives, who is ex-pedled to wait till it is fufficiently roafled ; it is then given to him : but this being the firfl infiance of the kind, like an inexperienced beginner who knew not the profits of his trade, he divided it chiefly betwixt the poor woman and her friends. It would be a valuable ac-quifition to this country, and might be a means of facilitating our work, to have a good flock of luedicines, and afkilful perfon to apply them. The diforders which have principally come under our ob-

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fervation arc, a dyfentery, of which the perfon is recovered ; a dropfy, of which we have feen but one cafe ; a diforder among the children, which fpreads all over them like the fmall-pox, and feems of as loathfome but more inveterate nature ; for we found one in this condition at our firfl: landing feveral months ago, and there feems no alteration upon him as yet ; its long continuance is probably owing to improper treatment : we know not whether it be infectious. What feems moft general is an ulcerous fore, to which they are very fub-jeCt. In one family of our acquaintance there are no lefs than four perfons much alfeCted by it : the poor man has loft the ufe of his limbs entirely, fo that he is not able to ftand upright, and many parts of his body are afieCled ; and what renders his cafe truly pitiable, his wife is in little better condition ; a great part of her breafts is already confumed, and one leg and arm are very bad. Two of their fervants are nearly in as bad a ftate as themfelves ; they have often applied to us for afliftance, which could we afford them, would certainly raife us ftill higher in their efteem ; but at prefent we have neither proper medicines, nor fkill to effeCf any thing this way. In fome cafes we have feen old women apply the juice of the breadfruit, tied up in leaves, and made hot, with which they rubbed the wound ; but it feemed to produce no good effeCt. As they have not the leaft idea of phyfic, whatever diforder they are attacked with has its full courfe, and often proves fatal.

24th. The principal wife of Futtafaihe was delivered of her firft child, the fon and heir of his dominions ; on which occafion very confiderable prefents were made.

25th. The great enudee, or natche, defcribed by Cook, was held at Mooa. Men in proceflion carried a yam, fufpended on a pole ; others, armed with fpears, .cried aloud to this effeCf, “ Take care to “ keep the road clear;” and all pafTengers ftood at a confiderable diftance. Ambler aflhred us this was a thankfgiving to the odooa for the late ripe yams. We were invited to join the proceflion, but did not chufe to make our fhoulders bare, which was required, and

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to wear the jeejee, a wreath of the leaves of a ihruh called jee, around our waift. Particular honour is paid to Futtafäihe on this occafion.’ The fame ceremonies are repeated at the feafon of early ripe yams. The ceremonial clofes with an amufement called fatärga, like cudgelplaying, being fingle combat with the limbs of the cocoa-nut tree.

26th. Vaarjee affifted us with all his people at our abbey in levelling the ground, and laying out and planting our garden.

27th. Our chief took a fécond wife, a daughter of Töoböocavallo. She was accompanied by large bales of anäddoo, or cloth, of Tongataboo. In the afternoon he went to finifh the funeral ceremonies for his brother, in celebrating the games ufual on that occafion. His bride remained at home. We felt this afternoon a fenfible fliock of an earthquake at Ardeo j and, as ufual, the natives fcreamed. Thefe fhocks are common, and fomctimes, they informed us, fo violent as to Ihake down their trees and houfes.

30th. Brother Buchanan difcourfed from 2 Tim. ii. 3. i brother Kelfo, from Exodus, xxxiii. 18.

On Monday brothers Gaulton and Shelly went upon a vifit to Dugonagaboola at Mooa j and in the afternoon Mooree (a chief) arrived from Ahoge, and brought with him two canoes, in order to convey brother Cooper home. This he had promifed fome time ago; but the fear that Dugonagaboola would be affronted at his taking any of us from under his care, had till now deterred him.

Auguft I ft. Early this morning Cooper and his friend Moorec took their departure : he is now the fourth of our number that hath left us. What end the Lord may have in view by thus fcattering us about, we know not; but hope that it will tend to the advancement of his glory, by a more general diffufion of the gofpel over this benighted ifland. About funfet we had another fhock of an earthquake, which lafted about a minute and a half, and was felt over the whole ifland. Ambler, we hear, is again in our neighbourhood.

On the 3d, brothers Gaulton and Shelly returned from Mooa, where they had met with brother Veefon, who was in health and high

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favour with his friend j having lodged one night with him, they received a warm remonftrance for it next day from Dugonagaboola, who afliired them of a welcome at his houfe, and expeéled they would make ufe of no other. After inquiring into our Rate at home, and how we fared in his abfence, he informed them of what our vil-lanous countrymen had laid againft us, and expreffed his abhorrence of them on account of it. On their way home they called at Ardeo, where our brethren were well, and defired the whole body might meet once a month for divine direction, and mutual counfel and encouragement in our work.

5th. Brother Bowell arrived in the evening ; and on fabbath-day brother Buchanan preached from 2 Tim. ii. 3.; in the afternoon brother Kelfo, from Ifaiah, liii. 5, ; after which he difpenfed the Lord’s fupper. It is furely an unfpeakablp favour that the Lord thus allows us to hold our folemn feafts in this land, and from time to time is refrefh-ing us with his abundant goodnefs. If we had the happinefs of feeing thefe poor creatures around us imprelfed with a fenfe of their loft and deplorable ftate by nature, and the excellency and fuitablenefs of the Redeemer’s charaéler and falvation, which He has wrought, and the gofpel reveals ; if we could but once fee them compelled to come in and partake of our privileges, our joy would be full : however, it becomes us not to defpife the day of fmall things, but patiently to wait for the falvation of the Lord : He hath fpoken good concerning us, and hath done for us great things, which confirms our hope, that the day is not far diftant when He will make bare his holy arm in the fight of the nations, and thefe ends of the earth Ihall fee his falvation.

7th. Brother Bowell determining to remain with us till our monthly prayer-meeting was over, we the next morning embraced the opportunity of his prefence to hold a meeting of our little body, when it was agreed that we fliould obferve a general meeting the firft Monday of every month : in the morning, for prayer and religious conference J and in the afternoon, for colleóling matter for the public journal, reporting progrefs in the language, and confulting with

each other on the moft probable means of carrying our defigns into effeét J alfo that our abfent brethren fhould be made acquainted with our defign, and invited to join us in it. It was alfo refolved to hold a weekly prayer-meeting and conference in our refpedlive parties ; and that the anniverfary of our embarkation, which is juft at hand, fhould be obferved as a day of public thankfgiving.

9th. In the evening we began our weekly meeting : brother Kelfo opened it with praife and prayer, then read the fécond chapter of the firft of Peter, and fpoke from a part of it j after which the other brethren fpoke in rotation. That our attention might be more particularly fixed on the fubjed, it was agreed, that, previous to next week, the portion of fcripture to be then difcufted fliould be made known ; accordingly brother Buchanan propofed the fécond chapter of Ephefians. Brother Shelly concluded this prefent comfortable opportunity in the fame manner as it was begun.

loth. The anniverfary of our embarkation completes the firft year of our miffion, and the moft remarkable of our lives, wherein the Lord has, in anfwer to the many prayers of his people, and, we hope, for the accomplifhment of his gracious purpofes, given us numberlefs manifeftations of his almighty power, his infinite wifdom, and unchangeable love. While upon the mighty waters we were the peculiar objeds of his providential care and bounty. His prefence has been with us in paffing through the fire and water j and though they often feemed to unite their rage and force againft us, and to threaten our deftrudioH every moment, they were not permitted to do us any harm. Some of us, when all help feemed to fail, were raifed from the opening grave, to praife him in our little aflembly j and we were all brought in fafety to our defired haven, where his hand has been moft wonderfully “ ftretched outftill,” in opening a door of accefs for us by the moft unexpeded and improbable means j in giving us favour in the fight of the heathen ; in preferving us, though defencelefs and expofed, from their rage and madnefs ; and in making all things fubfervient

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to his own moft gracious defigns ; in fruftrating the machinations, and carrying headlong the counfels of our more heathenilh country-

* men, making them produce the very oppofite effects from what they intended. Lo ! thefe are a'part of his ways ; but if we would tell of all the wonderful things he has done for us, they are more than we are able to exprefs. “ O that men would therefore praife the Lord “ for his goodnefs, and declare his wonderful works to the children “ of men !”

This day was rendered in fome meafure memorable by the lofs of a large axe, which w’as fnatched from one of the brethren while he was cutting fire-wood ; and in the evening fome thieves broke into our dwelling while we fiept, and rifling the firft box they came to, which held nothing but medicines, they had gone off with a quantity of bark, jalap, nitre, amp;c.} but thefe not fuiting their tafle, they left them in the yard, where we found them next morning, fo that they got only a few clothes that lay upon the chefls.

nth. John Connelly fent to know whether we intended to inform Captain Wilfon of what had pafled between us and them, ob-ferving, that, if we did, it would reduce us to the greatefl flraits, as it would both prevent them from receiving thofe things they expeded, and had promifed to the natives ; and alfo efiedf ually hinder their departure with him for China. This was accompanied with a hint of what we might exped; if our condud was not fuitable to their wilhes. In anfwer we faid, that we neither wanted to injure nor to quarrel with them ; and if they chofe to go to China, we would be no hindrance to them.

12th. Dugonagaboola fent us a prefent of provifions, which was Very acceptable ; but in the courfe of the day we received the mortifying intelligence, that he had accepted our large axe with much cordiality from the perfon who flole it ; and after fome compliments to his dexterity, had fent him off to Vavao, to be out of the way when the Ihip arrived. This action gave us an idea of what we might ex-

August.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;269 peól when our intereft flood in any degree in competition with that of our noble friend ; and yet, ftrange as the contradiction feemed, all our goods were every day in his power if he chofe to plunder us.

13th. Brother Buchanan preached from 2 Tim. ii. 3. ; and brother Kclfo, from Ifaiah, Iv. 6. The remainder of this week nothing remarkable happened till Saturday the 19th, when one of the natives brought us the reviving news of the fhip’s arrival at her former flation. Three of our number, viz. brothers Kelfo, Buchanan, and Gaulton, fet out in quefl of a canoe to carry them to her ; but after a fruitlefs endeavour to procure one, Buchanan and Gaulton determined to travel by land, which brother Kelfo declined, füll entertaining a hope of foon procuring a canoe. After travelling about feven miles along the beach, they were met by a great number of the natives, one of whom prefented them with a note, which brother Bowell had difpatched for their information at Ahëefo. This man had brought us feveral meflages of the fame kind on former occafions ; and underflanding the nature of it better than any of his countrymen, he had endeavoured to explain the ufe of it to thofe who were with him : this excited their curiofity to a degree which induced them to bear him company, in order to fee it delivered, and know thereby whether or not what he faid was true. When they faw the joy which the opening of it gave the brethren, they feemed flruck with amazement ; and were perplexed in no fmall degree, when they perceived that by means ■•of it they knew as well as themfelves that the fhip had arrived, and where flie lay. The whole company, together with the bearer of the note, foon left the’brethren, inorder to return to the flaip, for which they were fo eager, that nothing could induce him to proceed to Ahëefo with the note. In the afternoon the two brethren arrived at the fhip, and had the happinefs to find that all on board had frefli ground whereon to ereót an Ebenezer to the Lord, who had gracioufly helped them through many imminent dangers, and preferved them from many evils wherewith theÿ had been fur-

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rounded. Surely his goodnefs exceeds all fearch. O for hearts formed to fliew forth his praife !

20th, Brother Buchanan preached on hoard from Pfalm v. 12. ; and brother Bowellin the afternoon.

On the 21 ft, early, many of the principal chiefs came on board, among whom was Futtafäihe, who, as foon as he faw brother Buchanan, renewed his folicitations for him to go and live with him, at the fame time reminding him of a promife to that purport, given on our firft arrival, alfo of the feveral proofs of his favour fince beftowed j and, with frefh aflurances of his love and efteem, promifed, on his part, to render every thing as agreeable as was in his power, and to remove every obftacle, if brother Buchanan would but mention them to him : this, however, at prefent he declined to do ; but the chief being well acquainted with the recent villany of Connelly (who has refided with him ever fince he came to the ifland) and his aflbciates, Ambler and Morgan, alked if he was unwilling to live with Connelly, and being anfwered in the affirmative, he immediately pro-pofed to bind him hand and foot, and bring him on board ; but this propofal was at this time rejedled, it being more defirable to Captain Wilfon, and all concerned, that thefe fellows ftiould come onboard as they had promifed, and depart of their own accord. Brother Buchanan could not help looking upon this as a plain call of Providence, and determined in his own mind to comply with it if he could find another brother willing to accompany him, and if the propofal alfo met with the approbation of Captain Wilfon, and the brethren on board, which it did*. Brother Gaul ton readily confented to be his partner. When their intention was communicated to Futtafäihe, he expreffed great fatisfadlion, and immediately invited them to go on fliore, and chufe a place for their future refidence. In the afternoon brother Shelly arrived from Aheefo, and informed us that the thieves had paid another vifit, and carried off a duck.

and brother Buchanan’s cheft, and other things, to Mooa, where Futtafâihe had given them their choice of a number of beautiful dwellings, fituated between his houfe and the lagoon, which runs into that part of the country ; and after chufing one about two hundred yards from his own, they returned on board.

23d. Connelly having heard of our being at Mooa yefterday with Futtafâihe, thought that our bufinefs had-been to take him and his companions on board ; he therefore came to fpeak to the captain concerning it, who informed him that he had no defire to proceed after that manner J but if he and the others chofe to fhip as feamen, they fliould have the fame wages and treatment as his own failors had. .To this Connelly faid he would return an anfwer in fix days, in which time he would confult with his comrades.

Fefene Duatonga, the fir ft woman on the ifland, came on board with her principal lady in waiting ; their hair was'plaftered up with a compofition which very much refembled the powder and pomatum of a finc-drefled London belle. Her feet are kiffed in token of homage by all who approach herj and fuch are her ideas of her own dignity, that fhe admits no fixed hufband as a companion, but cohabits with thofe of the chiefs whom flie pleafes to feleól, and has feveral children. A fine boy of about twelve years old attended her on board. Several prefents of fciflars were made, which highly pleafed them J and when they left the fhip they jumped overboard, and wafhed the fnow-white decoration from their hair before they paddled on fhore with their canoe. Brother Wilkinfon brought off a fine bunch of turnips of their firfl: crop, which had been almoft wholly deftroyed by the rats. They contrived a trap, in which they caught a great many, which were given to the women at their requeft, and eaten raw as relifliing food. Sent fome cats to the miflionaries, the firft which were ever introduced into the ifland.

26th. The noble lady vifited the fhip to-day with two or three female attendants ; and the captain fent her on fhore highly delighted in an elegant Englifli drefs which had been referved for fuch an occafion.

Our time this week was chiefly employed in dividing, and carrying to our relpeólive places of refidence, the part of the cargo which, in the divifion at Otaheite, had fallen to our fhare. In it we found fuch an immenfe quantity of ufeful and neceflary iron tools of all forts, as far exceeded our greateft expectation, and filled the natives with aftoniihment. Our warmeR acknowledgments are due, and muft fall infinitely Ihort of our obligations, to the divine Author of all our mercies, who hath put it into the hearts of his people to provide,» and of his honoured fervants, the directors, to beftow on us fo bountiful a fupply of every thing that could be devifed for our comfort, and the furtherance of the work in which we are ensaffed : but efpecially for the wonderful manner in which he has prepared, brought forward, and preferved our dear captain, whom we cannot but efleem as the greateft teftimony of the divine favour beftowed on our fociety. While on the voyage, the profperity and furtherance gt;nbsp;of the work feemed to engrofs his whole attention. To his indulgent care in procuring and allowing us every comfort that could be enjoyed by people in our circumftances, might be imputed that extraordinary degree of health which we enjoyed. His counfel and advice has often guarded us from the intrufion of difcord. His converfation was wholly calculated to ftimulate our zeal. In our abfence he has been mindful of our interefts, and has effeCIually prevented every complaint. The affability and kindnefs of his conduCl among the natives has won him their affeCfions : and indeed in what we have reafon to believe is his »principal aim, he has fucceeded wonderfully, that is, to adorn the doCtrine of God our Saviour in all things. May the Lord enable us to do likewife, and fill our hearts with gratitude to himfelf, and to all the inftruments of his unbounded good-nefs ! May we walk as children of fo many mercies ; and knowing that we are but ftewards of thofe gifts of his providence for which we muft ere long give an account, may we be led to devote ourfelves, and all our enjoyments, to his praife and glory, that we may give in our account with joy in the day of our Lord Jefus 1

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Our dear friends and benefaêlors in the direélion may'.juftly look for fome account of this country, where the Lord in his gracious providence, through their inftrumentality, has placed us gt;nbsp;and we think ourfelves bound, in gratitude to them, to furnifli them xidth the fulleft information in our power : but in this attempt we find ourfelVes much at a lofs for want of the Rev. Mr.f Greatheed’s manufcript account of thefe iflands, which happened to be left at Otaheite, and which if we had brought with us, would have been ufeful in directing our attention to feveral objects which may have efcaped our notice. Nott withftanding the numerous invitations we have received to vifit other iflands of this group, we have not as yet feen it our duty to comply, as, for want of the language, fuch vifits could be no way profitable to the natives, and would have expofed us to fo many unneceffary temptations.

Our obfervations muff therefore be wholly confined to Tongataboo ; . the fituation, extent, and product of which are already fo well known, that there remains but little to be faid concerning it. Captain Cook’s account is in general fo accurate as to render Very little addition or cor-reftion neceffary ; however, a fpace of many years which has elapfed fince his laft voyage, has produced fome changes which it may not be improper to communicate. On our arrival we found few of his old friends remaining, and their number has fince been reduced by death ; but his name is ftill mentioned with great refpedl by many of their fucceflbrs, who recolleél his favours beftowed upon them when in a

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ftate of childhood, which they often relate in a manner that befpeaks them to be by no means deftitute of gratitude.

The government of Tongataboo is fo complex in itfelf, and the natives’ account of it fo different, each taking a particular pride in exalting his own chief above others, that it is difficult to come at any certainty concerning it. The following appears to us mofl confident with the truth. . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;’’

This ifland bears an unrivalled fovereignty over the whole group, Feejee not excepted. The inhabitants of Feejee having long ago dif-covered this ifland, frequently invaded and committed great cruelties in it ; but in an expedition which the Tonga people made againfl: them lately, under the command of Töogahowe, Filatonga, and Cummavie, they completely routed and brought themjnto fubjeólion, fo that they now pay tribute to Tongataboo on certain occafions, the fame as the other iflands, of which we faw an inftance at the death of Moomöoe. Tongataboo is divided into three large diftridts, viz. Ahëefo, at the north-weft end, over which Dugonagaboola reigns with abfolute fway. Mooa, the middle diftridf, is under the fame fub-jedtion to Futtafäihe; and Vaharlo has the fame power over Ahoge, fltuate at the fouth-eaft part, each claiming a right of difpofal over the lives and property of his own fubjedts, which we have feen exercifed moft defpotically. Thefe diftridts are fubdivided into many fmaller ones, which have their refpedfive chiefs prefiding over them, and ex-ercife the fame authority as the fuperior chiefs, to whom they are neverthelefs, in fome cafes, accountable for their condudt j fo that the whole refembles the ancient feudal fyftem of our anceftors. The government feems to have been formerly more in the hands of the Futtafäihes than at prefent. Upon the death of the late Poulaho, father of the prefent Futtafäihe, Duatonga being then a minor, the intolerant ambition of his widow, Mahoofe, of the Toubou (or rather Doubou) family, led her to attempt extending her power in fome particulars further than any of her predeceflbrs had done. This was tamely fubmitted to by all the other chiefs, except Feenou Töogahowe,

Sept.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS^ now Dugonagaboola, fon of Moomooe, and nephew of Féenou, the celebrated friend of Cook ; he at that time reigned over Eöoa, and rejedling her propofals, declared war againft her, contrary to the rc-monftrances of all his friends ; he however fucceeded, drove her entirely from this ifland to Vavao, whither he alfo followed, and having reduced her to fubmiflion, left her there, where die Hill re-^ mains in a ftate of exile. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;‘

The people fully anfwer to the moft favourable reprefentations the world has ever received of them j for furely no appellation was ever better applied than that given to them by our countrymen, of which they feem very proud, fince we made 'them acquainted with it, and very ftudious to render themfelves more de-ferving of it. They poflefs many excellent qualities, which, were they enlightened with the knowledge of the gofpel, would render them the mod: amiable people on earth ; for indance, their bounty and liberality to drangers is very great, and their generodty to one another unequalled. It is no uncommon thing for them to complain they are dying of hunger, and, as foon as they receive a morfel, to divide it among as many as are prefent, the firft receiver generally leaving himfelf the fmallell diare, and often none at all. When they kill a hog, or make any mefs for themfelves, there is always a portion fent to their friends, who return the favour as foon as their circumdances will admit ; which keeps up a condant friendly communication among them, and which we have never feen interrupted by any quarrel, during a day of more than four months.

Their honedy to one another feems unimpeachable, though we have no reafon to think the accounts of their difhonedy to drangers exaggerated. The murder of children, and other horrid pradlices, which prevail among the Otaheiteans, are unheard of here. Their children are much indulged, and old age honoured and revered. Female chadity is not much edeemed among the lower orders, it being a common pradice with the chiefs, in our vifits to them, to offer fume of their females to deep with us ; the practices of our aban-

cloned countrymen making them believe'this a favour we could not-well do without. Our firft refufal feemed; to excite a furprife, but has generally prevented a fécond temptation from the fame perfon. Unchaftity among females of rank, and efpecially after marriage, we have heard is punifhed with feverity ; however, we have not as yet known an inftance. ,

Their marriages are attended with very little ceremony ; the only one we have feen was that of Vaarjee, with whom brothers Bowel! and Harper have been fome time refident. This was conduced in the following manner : A young female having attraded his attention, he firft informed his mother that he wifhed to add her to the number of -c

his wives. She immediately communicated this to the djmfel’s father,, and the propofal meeting his approbation, he clothed her in a new garment, and with-attendants, and fuch a quantity of baked hogs, yams, yava root, amp;c. as he could afford, fhe was fent to her intended fpoufe, who being apprifed of her coming, feated himfelf in his houfe, and received her in the fame manner, and with as little emotion, as he would have done any other vifitor : feafting on the provifipns, and a gcxgt;d draught qf yava, concluded the whole, and t he bride was at liberty [either to ret urn to her fathec .till again fent for, or to take up her refidence with her hufband, which’, in this inftance,' fhe preferred. Polygamy? is in common praÆice 'amqng thé chiefs, each of whom takes as- many wives as he pleafes ; biit they are entire ff rangers to domeftic-broils, which may, in a’great degree, be owing to the abfolute power each man has over his own family, every woman being'fo much at her hufband’s difpofal, as renders her liable to be difearded on the fmalleff difpleafure.

, Their deities are numerous ; and though we have hitherto been able to fay but little to them on this fubjedl, we have reafon to think their prejudices are ftrong. Every diftriól has its own deity,- and each family of note has one, whom they confider as their peculiar patron. Talliataboo is the god of Ahëefo, which being at prefent the moft powerful, he is accounted a great warrior. Futtafaihe prefides over

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Mooa and Doobludha, Cartow over the diftridh of Ahoge ƒ each of which deities are on certain occafions reprefented by the feveral chiefs of thofe diftridls j fo that we' find their natches and other annual exhibitions are not mere public amufements, but religious obfervances, whereon they think the lives and health of their chiefs, for whom they have great afFedlion, entirely depend ; as likewife the profperity of the country in general : expedling the fucceeding crop will be in proportion to the offerings made at thefe times. They have two natches in the year, one when their yams are fet, to procure the favour of Futtafaihe; and the other when they gather them in, ex-preffive of their gratitude. The winds they fuppofe to be under the control of a female, called Calla Filatonga, who, they fay, is very powerful, but is little regarded by them, and- is therefore fometimes provoked to blow down their cocoa-nut, plantain, bread-fruit, and other trees, and commits fuch ravages as oblige them to bring offerings of hogs, yams, and kava, in the moft humble and fubmiffive manner, to a houfe facred to her, where a perfon is appointed to per-fonate her on the occafion, and receive the offering that is made. Thefe florms being very unfrequent, and generally over before appeafing meafures are taken, the reprefentative is in little danger of being deteéled of falfehood by returning'«a favourable anfwer. This office of pèrfonator is only temporary, being always chofen for the occafion.

We have feen no perfon among them that feems more religious than another, or any thing that could lead us to fuppofe there is any fuch charadler as a priefl: among them. In all- the offerings they make, each man kills and prefents his own facrifice. Their frequent earthquakes they account for by fuppofing the ifland refis upon the fhoulders of a very powerful deity called Mowee, who has fupported it for fuch a length of time as exceeds their conceptions. This heavy burden often exhaufls his patience, and then he endeavours, but in vain, to fhake it off ; which, however, never fails to excite a horrid outcry over the whole country, that lafls for fome time after

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K the Ihock is over : and we have fometimes feen them endeavour to quell his difcontent, and reduce him to good behaviour, by beating the ground with large flicks. Tongaloer, the god of the fky, and Fenoulonga, of the rain, they fuppofe to be males ; befides thefe, they have a great many others of both fexes, whofe names we cannot enumerate, over earth, fea, and fky, each ading in their proper fphere, and fometimes counterading one another, according as intereft or inclination leads them. They alfo acknowledge the exiftence of a great number of ftrange gods, calling them by the general name of Fyga, among whom -they rank ours as the greateft ; and, when they think it will anfwer their purpofe, they will readily acknowledge him as far wifer, and in every refpeét better than theirs, having taught us to make fo much better fhips, tools, cloth, amp;c. than they have ever been able to do. Befides thefe, they imagine every individual to be under the power and control of a fpirit peculiar to himfelf, which they call odooa, who interefls himfelf in all their concerns, but, like Calla Filaton^a, is little regarded till angry, when they think he inflids upon them all the deadly diforders to which they are fubjeótj and then, to appeafe him, the relations and other connexions of the afflided perfon, efpe-cially if he be a chief, run into all the inhuman pradices of cutting off their little fingers, beating their faces, and tabooing themfelves from certain kinds of food. Human facrifices feem little in praélice : the only viétims to fuperftition which we have feen are already mentioned in the cafe of Moomöoe j though, at our arrival, Ambler informed us, that when a great chief lay fick they often ftrangled their women, to the number of three or four at a time. When the odooa is inexorable, the death of the perfon is inevitable and fure, and the furviving friends fcem for a fhort time inconfolable ; but their grief is foon changed into the oppofite extreme, and they run into as great extravagances in their feafts as when the forrowful paffions prevailed they inflided on themfelves fufferings.

They believe the immortality of the foul, which at death, they fay, iß immediately conveyed in a very large faft-failing canoe to a diftant

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country, called Doobludha, which they defcribe as refembling the Mahometan paradife. They call the god of this region of pleafure Higgolayo, and efteem him as the greateft and moft powerful of all others, the reft being no better than fervants to him. This dodtrine, however, is wholly confined to the chiefs, for the tooas (or lower order) can give no account whatever ; as they reckon the enjoyments. ' of Doobludha above their capacity, fo they feem never to think of what may become of them after they have ferved the purpofes of this life. We have not been able to learn what ideas they form of the origin of their exiftence, or any other parts of the creation ; when fpoken to on thefe fubjeds they feem quite loft j this may, however, be owing to the inaccuracy of our expreflions, arifing from an imperfedl knowledge of the language, which has hitherto prevented us from oppofing any of thofe grofs abfurdities. But we look forward to that happy day when the glorious fun of righteoufnefs will arife, and turn this fhadow of death into the morning.

The produce of this ifland is already fo well defcribed, that it feems unneceflary to fay thing of it here. We have been able to add very little to it. Our feeds, which have been fown in different parts, bid fair to do well : this induces us to think any kind of European feeds would thrive here, were it not for the rats, which deftroy them as they appear above ground. Rats, with hogs, dogs, and guanoes, were the only quadrupeds we found here. The cattle left by Capt. Cook have been all deftroyed fome years ago : the horfe and mare having been firft gored by the bull, gave the natives an idea of his furious temper, and put them in terror for themfelves ; therefore, to prevent any bad accident taking place, they deftroyed him, with the cow and three young ones, which, they informed us, were all they had produced, except one young bull which had been previoufly taken to Fecjee. Captain Wilfon, in his fécond vifit, has left us eight goats, three cats, and an Englifh dog, of which the natives are very fond, and which we hope will be ufeful in their proper places. The death of a ram at Otaheite prevented us from receiving

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any fheep, which we efteem a great lofs, as there is abundance of excellent food for thofe ufeful animals in the moft neglected parts of this ifland, and they might in time prove a great advantage to the natives, not only by fupplying their deficiency of food, from which many of them fuffer much at prefent, but by leading them into habits of induftry, to which they are ftrangers j for though they are more induftrious than moft of their neighbours fcattered about this fea, far the greater part of their time is fpent in idlenefs. This conjecture receives much ftrength from the earneft defire they exprefs for our woollen clothes, efpecially blankets ; which induces us to think, if they had the materials, and the leaft hint how to make ufe of them, they would foon endeavour to manufacture them themfelves.

The foil is every where prolific, and confifts of a fine rich mould, upon an average about fourteen or fifteen inches deep, free from ft ones, •except near the beach, where coral rocks appear above the furface. Beneath this mould is a red loam four or five inches thick ; next is a very ftrong blue clay in fmall quantities ; and in fome places has been found a black earth, which emits a very fragrant fmell refemblingbergamot, but it foon evaporates when expofed to the air. The air is pure and wholefome, much ftiarper in the winter than we expected to have found it, efpecially when the wind is from the fouthward ; but for want of a thermometer, which happened to be broken, we have never been able to afcertain its true ft ate.

But we muft conclude our prefent account, hoping our next will contain fomething more interefting and encouraging to our dear friends, whofe prayers we earneftly entreat in our behalf ; for furely never men in the world flood more in need of their afliftance in this refpect than we do. Our work is great, our ftrength is fmall, very weaknefs itfelf; our enemies are crafty and powerful, but none we find fo dangerous as thofe of our own houfe, thofe evil hearts of unbelief that are always ready to draw us from the God of our ftrength, who is the rock of our falvation. But if God be for us, who can be againft us ? He bids us fear not : and we have not only the afturance of his word, but

S£ft.3 to the south-sea islands. as/ alfo the teftimony of his providence, that he is with us, and will never leave us nor forfake us. Well then may we go on in divine ftrength, rejoicing in the profpedls of greater tribulations than we have hitherto experienced, or at prefent have in view ; trufting him that in every conflict which we may be called on to fuftain under the banner of the glorious Captain of our falvation, we ihall grow llronger and ftronger, and at length be brought off the field more than conquerors through Him who hath loved us, and given himfelf for us.

The Duff is now unmooring. We feel all the anguilh that is con-fcquent upon a feparation of friends who are bound together by fuch endearing ties as fhall endure when thofe of nature fhall be for ever diffolved. Befides our dear captain, we cannot but effeem many of the officers and crew as children of the fame family with ourfelves î all of whom, ourfelves, and all our concerns, both for time and eternity, we defire to refign to the fovereign difpofal of our gracious •heavenly Father, and to the word of his grace, which is able to keep us from falling, and give us all an inheritance among them that are fanaified through faith which is in Jefus Chrift. Farewell. May grace, mercy, and peace be multiplied to all who love our Lord Jefus Chrift in fincerity, and are feeking the advancement of his kingdom and glory ! Amen.

Thus far I have written from the brethren’s journal, judging that, though repetitions would unavoidably occur by this plan, the incidents related as they happened would enable thofe interefted to form a better idea both of the natives and the real fituation of the miflion-aries, than by any other method I was able to purfue; for perhaps from things which I might have palfed over, fome Ikilful friend would draw ufeful and interefting inferences.

And as I have brought it up to the day we left thofe dear fervants of our bleffed Lord, there remains but little to be faid concerning what pafled at the Ihip ; as during this day, which was twenty days, the whole was fpent in one continued intercourfe of friendihip and fervice between us and the natives ; every day we were vifited by fome or other of them ; they laid us in a very large fea-ftore of fine yams, and as many hogs as we were willing to accept j for the dock of thefe which we had brought from Otaheite was ftill fufficient to take to fea. Some boars and fows of the larger fize we exchanged with them for others, and had the fatisfaélion to hear that a fow thus exchanged to Vaarjee, Bowell and Harper’s chief, had a few days after farrowed nine pigs. For articles of iron they will venture any thing. On our firft arrival an iron hoop was fiolen off the windlafs end ; but as no perfon was fuffered to come on board till we got it again, it was returned next day by Futtafäihe. Several other things of lefs confequence were fiolen, but as the captain did not like to break the harmony which fubfified for the fake of them, they were never recovered. Among other things, the cook’s axe was fiojen; and

to give our friends an idea of the fmall value of a few glittering guineas in the eyes of thefe people, when put in competition with a ufeful iron tool, the captain gave the cook ten new guineas to purchafe another axe from the natives ; but his endeavours to make fuch a purchafe were vain, they only laughed at him for his offer. Befides iron, our cloth and fmall blue and green beads were in high eftimation among them ; and fome of them even defired us to bring fuch on our next vifit. They alfo valued nails, efpecially of the larger fort. But it may be obferved that they are fo fcrupulous in dealing, that they generally hand for the full value of every thing.

•The captain was never on fhore, and each of us was only permitted one day at Mooa, for pleafure. As we refufed to have any diverfions aóted for our entertainment, left the idea of pleafing might lead them to exceffes inexcufable on our part, none of their cuftoms of this nature were witneffed by us, but I fuppofe them to be fully defcribed by Captain Cook. The day before we failed I went to Mooa in the pinnace, accompanied by Mr. Falconer, Mr. Robfon, and my brother James Wilfon. Several hundreds of the natives lined the fhore, part of them entreating us to go firft to Futtafäihe, and the other part for us to vifit Dugonagaboola firft. As I had previoufly promifed the former, we repaired to him, and were received with great ceremony j and when we had fpent fome time with him. we vifited the other chief, whom we found near the beach, feated with about an hundred others round a bowl of kava, part of which they offered to us j but the gee root only fuited our tafte. This, being what they conclude their morning’s repaft with, is fweet as fugar-cane, and greatly refembles it, being only a little more pafty. Both chiefs treated us well ; Futtafäihe roafted a large hog for our dinner, after which he accompanied us to the fiatookas of his anceftors : they lie ranged in a line eaftward from his houfe, among a grove of trees, and are many in number, and of different conftruäions : fome, in a fquarc form, were not in the leaft raifed above the level of the common ground ; a row of large ftones formed the fides, and at each

corner two high Hones were placed upright at right angles to each other, and in a line with their refpecTive fides : others were fuch as the brethren defcribe that of Moomöoe to be : and a third fort were of Lefooga. They are coral ftone, and are hewn into a tolerably good fhape, both with refped to the ftraightnefs of their fides and flatnefs of their furfaces. They are now fo hardened by the weather, that the great difficulty we had in breaking a fpecimen of one corner made it not eafy to conjedure how the labour of hewing them at firfl: had been effeded ; as, by the marks of antiquity which fome of them bear, they muft have been built long before Tafman ffiewed the natives an iron tool. Befides the trees which grow on the top and fides of mofl: of them, there are the etooa, and a variety of other trees about them ; and thefe, together with the thoufands of bats which hang on their branches, all contribute to the awful folemnity of thofe fe-pulchral manfions of the ancient chiefs. On our way back Futta-fäihe told us that all the fiatookas we had feen were built by his anceftors, who alfo lay interred in them; and as there appeared no reafon to doubt the truth of this, it proves that a fupreme power in the government of the ifland muft for many generations have been in

the family of the Futtafaihes : for though there were many fiatookas in the illand, the brethren, who had feen moft of them, faid they were not to be compared to thefe for magnitude, either in the pile or the ftones which compofe them.

One of his wives was lying-in at this time, and we were conduced to the apartment where fhe was : it was extremely neat, and the floors were covered with mats. Both herfelf and the child had their fkins coloured with turmeric, which gave them a glittering appearance, and they faid this was their cuftom with women in childbed. She had feveral female attendants ; and though Futtafäihe has many other children, all the people feemed elate and glad on this occafion. During our flay we vifited feveral chiefs of both fexes, and received prefents from each of them. As the evening approached we took our leave, and returned to the fhip.

Mooa is a beautiful place, efpecially where Futtafaihe’s houfe flands. Proceeding from the lagoon about a quarter of a mile through fenced , lanes, a fpacious fquare green about half a furlong wide opens itfelf ; at the farther end of which the dwelling flands : on the fame green, which is as fmooth as if rolled, a few large fpreading trees grow in an irregular difpofition, which add much beauty to the feene. On the eaft fide is a neat fence enclofing the long grove where the fiatookas fland J on the wefl are the dwellings of different chiefs in their enclo-fures ; and along the north or lower fide of the fquare, the great road runs from one end of the ifland to the other : this road is in general about fix or feven yards wide, but eaflward from the green, and for half a mile, it is not lefs than fixty yards wide. In this part • there is a range of trees as large and fpreading as the largefl Englifli oaks ; and as their branches meet at the top, and quite exclude the fun’s rays, a pleafant walk is afforded by their fhade. Clofe by thefe, brothers Buchanan and Gaulton are fituated.

On Thurfday morning, the yth of September, we weighed, and failing from Tongataboo by the northern paflagc, palfed clofe by the fmall iflands of Honga Harpy and Honga Tonga ; thefe are both moderately high, and appear fertile : at four P. M. they bore E.S.E. twenty-two miles diftant. After which we fleered N.W. per compafs one hundred and twenty-fix miles, and weft thirty-two miles. Oblerved at noon on the 8th in 18“ 43^ S. and fuppofed that a current was fetting us to the weft ward. From noon till half paft five P.M. we fteered W. by S. thirty-nine miles ; then hove to for two iflands, the fouthernmoft of which bore S.W. j S. and the northernmoft W. by N. diftance from the latter feven leagues. The former had a remarkable flat top, on which account we called it Table ifland. A little before we hove to, the time-keeper gave the longitude of the fhip 182° 5' E. Before dark we could fee other iflands further to the weft ward, and fuppofed them either the fame, or very near to thofe. Captain Bligh firft fell in with after leaving Tofoa in the launch.

We had brilk gales and a hollow fea all the night ; about fix hours we lay with the Ihip’s head to the northward, then wore to the fouthward till daylight ; in which laft fpace of time we muft have palfed clofe to a dangerous reef, named in the chart Providence reef ; but as nothing of this kind was in fight before dark, we had jio apprehenfion of reefs lying in our way ; and even when the day broke we thought we had a clear fea, and at fix o’clock bore away,

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and run W. N. W. about half an hour, when we difcovered feveral iflands befides thofe we had feen on the preceding evening; and perceived that extenfive reefs furrounded every one of them. In viewing our fituation from aloft it appeared very critical, and occa-lioned the bland ahead to be called Danger bland. A little from this ifland S.E. lay three or four fmall blets, and a coral reef extended about three or four miles S. E. from them. On our barboard quarter another reef trended to the N.E. further than we could fee, as the weather was hazy. Thus were we running direótly for Danger ifland, and leaving thofe extenfive reefs upon each quarter, when the fight of many more iflands gave us reafon to fuppofe that to attempt a paffage through them would be hazardous, if not impracticable. We hauled, therefore, our wind, fet what fail the lliip could bear, and tried to work out by the way we came in. The gale in-creafing, and the fea running very high, we had little hopes at firfl: of gaining ground, or that the Ihip would flay in fo heavy a fea. However, fhe never miffed flays but once ; the tide likewife appeared to be in our favour ; for, after making a few tacks, at half pafl: nine A.M. we palled to windward of the S.E. reef, and flood towards Table ifland. As we ran along we faw a large fpace to leeward free from reefs, which almofl tempted us to bear away ; but proceeding further, the iflands to the S. W. appeared conneóled by them. Therefore we determined to get to the north by the eafl of them ; though there is no doubt but, in fine weather, a paffage •might be found as well here as among thofe through which we afterwards had to thread the needle. All this day and the night was fpent in plying to windward. On the morning of the loth paffed Providence reef, which is a fmall fpot, and bears eafl from the fouth end of Danger ifland. We afterwards palTed the north-eafl reef, where once more we appeared to have a clear fea. Table and Danger iflands, of which we had the nearefl view, wore an afpeél of fertility, having the loftiefl hills covered with trees to their fum-mits. Obferved at noon in latitude 18° 33quot; S.

On the 12th at noon we were in latitude 16quot; 42^ S. and longitude 180° 30^ E. ; half an hour afterwards faw land bearing foutb, for which we hauled up, wiHiing to have fome intercourfe with the natives. As we ran to the fouth we had a reef on the weather fidc juft in light from the deck, and a low ifland on our lee beam bearing W. by N. The wind being E. S. E. we juft weathered a reef lying eaftward from a fmall but high ifland ; and ftanding a little farther, tacked Ihip clofe to the north-eaft reefs of what we called Sir Charles Middleton’s ifland, and chofe the ground between this and the beforementioned reef to fpend the night in, as we had the bearings of feveral iflands whereby to diredl us clear of the furrounding danger.

At daybreak on the 13th we bore away, and ran along the north fide of Sir Charles Middleton’s ifland. There appeared no opening through the reef, though one might perhaps be found fomewhere about the ifland, if diligently fought for; but on this fide there is none. As we ran to the wdndward, compafs bearings were taken of the iflands and reefs, to afcertain their relative fituations ; and to the chart conftruded from thefe, with the help of the time-keeper and latitude, -we muft refer thofe who may either have to fail this way, or who would improve the geography of .this part of the globe. Leaving Middleton’s ifland, we fleered wefl per compafs four or five leagues, and paired clofe by what we called Maitland ifland. There were natives on the beach with fpears in their hands ; and the ifland, which was moderately high, feemed to abound in the common produce; but, like thofe we had already fecn, was quitefurrounded by a reef. Therefore'failing thence W. N.W. about fix leagues further, we came near to the call; end of another pretty large ifland, called Rofs s ifland, where we faw vafl numbers of natives aflembled upon the beach, and fmoke among the trees ; but they alfo were quite fecure, being, like their neighbours, flrongly fortified with a furrounding reef. Jufl off* here we obferved, latitude 16» 48quot; S. and longitude .180quot; 29' per chronometer. Many larger iflands were in fight to leeward, which. Trom examination of Bligh’s narrative, we

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fuppofed to lie N. E. from the large iHands, which he paffed when the canoes chafed him.

From the maft-head we obferved a reef trending to the N.E. to weather which we hauled our wind to the northward ; and pafling it, ftood towards fome fmall iflands, which we called the Clufters. As night approached, being furrounded with reefs and iflands on all ftdcs, we put the fhip under an eafy fail, and cbofe the moft clear fpace to make fhort tacks in, till next morning. At feven o’clock a low ifland to windward bore E. by N. and the higheft of the Clufters bore S. S.W. J the wind was eafterly, and the fea as fmooth as a river. At the above time we ftood to the S.E. by S. under the top-fails; and at .nine o’clock, no danger appearing, we thought ourfelves fafe ; but we were prefently alarmed by the fhip ftriking upon a coral reef, upon which the fea hardly broke, to give the leaft warning. All hands were upon deck in an inftant, and, as flie ftuck faft,- became under great apprehenfions of being fhipwrecked ; a misfortune which prefented itfelf with a thoufand frightful ideas. We knew that the Feejees were cannibals of a fierce difpofition, and who had never had the leaft intercourfe with any voyagers ; confequently WC' could expeél no favour from fuch. Imagination, quick and fertile .on fuch occafions, figured them dancing round us, while we were roafted on.large fires. However, it was no time to indulge thoughts of this kind, but to try what could be done to fave the fhip. Judging it to be a weather reef we were on, the moment Ihe ftruck the fails were hove aback, and in about five or fix minutes we beheld with joy that fhe came aftern, and ftiortly after was quite afloat ; when we were again delivered]from our fears, and found the fliip, which had kept upright the whole time,,feemed to^^have received no injury. It was not poflible to afcertain at fea what damage had been fuftained, as fhe made no water; but omher coming into dock, we difcovered how very wonderfully we had been preferved. The coral rock on which we ftruck,was providentially direóted exadly againft one,of the tin^bers. The violence of the blow had beatjin the copper, deeply

290 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;first missionary voyage nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

wounded the plank, and beat it to fliivers. Had the ftroke been between the ribs of the fhip, it muft have gone through, and we had probably never returned to adore the Author of our mercies. Thus the gracious Lord, who ftill guarded us with a Ihepherd’s care, was pleafed to Ihew us the infufficiency of human prudence; and that, except we are kept by himfelf, “ the watchman waketh but “ in vain.” O that he would give us hearts of gratitude and thankfulnefs, in fome meafure proportioned to his daily mercies extended to us his unworthy creatures 1

When the day fliewed us the dangers which lay hid on every Iide, it appeared wonderful how we had efcaped fo well, and made us very defirous to get clear of them as faft as poffible. With this view we fleered N.N.W. betwixt feveral fmall reefs, not larger in circumference than the fhip, and with fcarce a wafh of the fea upon them. They féemed to extend on both fides of us, as far as we could fee. When we had palfed thefe, and began to bring the iflands aflern, we thought ourfelves quite clear, and were regretting that we could have no intercourfe with the inhabitants j who, we had no doubt, would have been willing to barter with us, had we found fafe anchorage for the fliip ; for with thefe people the Friendly iflanders carry on a trade with the articles they got from us. At nine A.M. another ifland came in fight to-the N.W. for which we fhaped our courfe, to try if anchorage could be found near it ; and the weather fide appearing on our approach to be clear of reefs, it gave us hopes that the lee fide would be the fame ; but it proved other wife. At noon the body of the ifland bore fouth, diftant one mile, and our latitude by obfervation 15° 41'' S. lorigitude per chronometer 180’25^ E. Along this north fide, there being no reef, the fea broke violently againft the cliffs, which are high, and from the face of them huge fragments have fallen off, and lie fcattered at their bafe. Thefe cliffs, efpecially towards the north-weft end, have a lefs fertile appearance than thofe we had already paffed ; but towards the eaft end the ifland wears a better afpedl ; and at this part there

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were natives and houfes upon the top of the hill. Probably there is low ground on the fouth-weft fide, where we intended to anchor; but coming to the north-weft point, we faw a fhoal clofe to us, and a large flat ran S.W. off the ifland : upon which we hauled our wind; and as this was the laft we faw of this dangerous group, it received the name of Farewell ifland.

Thefe are probably the fame as Tafman got entangled among, and which he calls Prince William’s iflands j however, it may be pre-fumed that but part of them have been yet feen by Europeans, as it was evident that many large iflands lay to the S.W. the neareft of which we could but faintly diftinguifh, and fome were at a diftancc from the tracks of Captain Bligh in the launch of the Bounty, and aften^'ards in the Providence.

They doubtlefs are connected with thofe which the people at Tongataboo call the Feejees, as they lie in the diredion pointed out by them. In general they are high, and all we could diftinólly fee appeared fertile : the loftieft hills were woody to their fummits, and on the top of feveral was abundance of cocoa-nut trees, which on fome iflands thrive only on the low ground ; nor is it here as at Otaheite, where the middle region is commonly nothing but fun-burnt grafs ; for, from the beach to the top of the hills is one continued grove of trees, and many of them have fruitful fkirts of low land. The valleys of Middleton’s ifland appeared delightfully plea-fant, and muft abound in all the fruits and roots common to thefe parts of the world. In fome places we faw fpots of cultivated ground, probably of kava.

Coral reefs furround every ifland, and thofe which lie near each other are conneóled by them. Though there appeared to us to be no openings through thefe reefs to the refpedlive iflands they enclofe, yet we cannot venture to fay that there is no fuch thing, but think it highly probable that by a more diligent fearch both openings and anchorage might be found. But as the captain propofed making fome ftay at the Pelew iflands, and had to reach China at a fpecified

time, we could not with propriety delay longer here in fearch of an uncertainty. Where we pafTed clofe we faw many inhabitants, and have no doubt but that they are all well peopled ; and they muft be an improved people in the favage ftate, for the natives of the Friendly Iflands, who are unwilling to give place to any, acknowledge that the Feejees excel them in many ingenious works ; that they poflefs larger canoes, and are a brave, fighting people; but abhor them for their deteftable praélice of eating their unfortunate prifoners. They ufe bows and arrows in war; and from the black-nefs of their complexion, and the difference of their language and manners, they are evidently a diftinét race from the natives of thofe groups where miffions are now eftablilhed.

16th. We obferved at noon in latitude 13° 13' S. and at five P.M. faw the ifland of Rotumah, bearing N.W. by W. The weather being at this time fqually, with rain, we hove to for the night. At daylight next morning we bore away, and at half pafl; eight o’clock were oppofite the north-caft end, when feveral canoes came off, containing from three to fix and feven perfons each. At firft they were fhy, and kept aloof ; but prefently fome bolder than the reft ventured alongfide, and one with a fowl in his hand, taking hold quot;of a rope, dropped himfelf into the water, and was hauled on board. He made figns that he wanted an axe for the fowl, by which we immediately knew that there muft have been friendly intercourfe between them and Captain Edwards of the Pandora, who difeovered this ifland in Auguft 1791 ; but it is probable that they have been vifited by none befides, as they now beheld us with much furprife and wonder. This day happening to be Sunday, the rule we had conftantly obferved while in this fea prevented trade between us and thefe people. However, this man received an axe, a few fifli-hooks, and other things, which made him leap for joy. Three others, encouraged by his good fortune, ventured after him, and fared equally well ; and it appeared that many more would have come on board, had they an opportunity ; for obferving that we fleered rather from

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the ifland, they pointed towards a bay, as if defirous we Utould come to anchor. As we ran down the north fide there appeared a good bay near to the weft end, where, if the anchorage be fafe, Ihipa may ride flaeltered from all but northerly winds ; and perhaps a fituation might be found to lie in the fame bay fiaeltered from thefe alfo. This bay lies to windward of the higheft bluff hill, on the weft end of the main ifland ; a high iflet lies diredfly north of this bluff hill, and they bear a great refemblance to each other, being both ffeepeft on the north fide. Weft ward of this laft lie three more fmall iflets, the largeft of which appeared to be fplit in the middle, as if broken by an earthquake.

The main ifland far exceeds in populoufnefs and fertility all that we had feen in this fea ; for in a fpace not more than a mile in length we counted about two hundred houfes next the beach, be-fides what the trees probably concealed from our view j this was at the caft end, and there was reafon to think almoft every part of it equally well inhabited. In the fhape and fize of their perfons we could diftinguifh no différence between them and the Friendly iflanders, except that we thought them of a lighter colour, and fome difference in the tattooing, having here the refemblance of birds and fifhes,^ with circles and fpots upon their arms and flioulders : the latter are feemingly intended to reprefent the heavenly bodies. Two or three of the women whom we faw were tattooed in this laft way : at Tongataboo they keep the upper parts clear of all tattooing. The women here wear their hair long, have it dyed of a reddifti colour ; and with a pigment of the fame, mixed with cocoa-nut oil, they rub their neck and breaft. The men who were on board appeared to have much of the fhrewd, manly fenfe of the above people, and many of their cuftoms. One of them made figns, that in cafes of mourning they cut their heads with fharks’ teeth, beat their cheeks till they bled, and wounded themfelves with fpears j but that the women only cut off the little fingers, the men being exempt from it j

291- nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1797.

Their Angle canoes (for we faw no double ones) were nearly the fame in all refpeds as at the Friendly Illands, being of the fame Ihapc, fewed together on the iniide, and decorated in the fame manner with fliells; but, being rather fliorter in proportion to their width, feemed not fo neat and well finilhed. The only weapons we faw were fpcars curioully earthed, and pointed with the bone of the fting ray. The natives exprefled great furprife and curiolity at the fight of our fheep, goats, and cats. Hogs and fowls, they faid, they had in great plenty, which, added to the evidently fuperior fertility of the ilia nd, and the feeming cheerful and friendly difpofitiori of the natives, makes this, in our opinion, the molt eligible place for fhips coming from the eaftward, wanting refrelliments, to touch at : and with regard to miflionary views, could one or two young men, fuch as Crook, be found willing to devote their lives to the inftrudlion of perhaps five or fix thoufand poor heathen, there can hardly be a place where they could fettle with greater advantage, as there is food in abundance; and the illand lying remote from others, can never be engaged in wars, except what broils may happen among them-felves. Its latitude is nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;and longitude 177” E.; its length,

From Rotumah we fteered N.W. by W. to W. and W. by S. for eight days ; and as we hove to every night, we had reafon to think that no land lay within four or five leagues on each fide of our track. At eight A. M. on the 25th, we faw land from the maft-head bearing N.W. by N. and immediately fteered for it. The weather being gloomy, with drizzling rain, we had no obfervation for the latitude. About five o’clock in the evening, as we drew near to the land, we found that it confifted of ten or eleven feparate iflands, two or three of which were of confiderable fize, and faw a canoe coming towards us, in which were two men; they approached within hail, but would

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come no nearer ; they Rood up and brandiflied their paddles, and ufing many wild geftiires, hooped and hallooed in a harfli tone, not feemingly as a menace or defiance, but the effèól of furprife and a mixture of other palfions at fo wonderful a fight, having, in all probability, never beheld a Hi ip before. They had baikets of fruit in the canoe, and to them they frequently pointed, as if they wanted to barter them ; but if a conjedture might be allowed, I ihould rather think they meant them as offerings ; for if they really never did fee a fhip before, they could know nothing of our articles, nor their ufe or value. However, whatfoever they intended, fear kept them at a di fiance, though we ufed every method to allure them alongfide. Nine canoes more were now coming off, but they alfo aóled with the fame caution and fear as the firft, keeping all together aftern of the fhip. When we had got pretty near to the if land we tacked, and fliould have paffed through among them, had they not perceived their fituation, and paddled to windward. After this they were making towards the largeft of the 1 Hands, when a heavy fquall of wirid and rain coming on, and obliging us to bear before it, we were fo near running over fome of them, that the men in one fmall canoe jumped overboard and fwam to another. When the fquall was over, we faw that they had all got near to the fhore, and that the deferted canoe was not far from us j we therefore flood clofe to her and picked her up, hoping to have an opportunity of returning her the next day.

This canoe (and they all feemed to be alike) was about twelve or fourteen feet long, and about fifteen inches broad, made of one tree, fharpened at the ends, and a little ornamented on the upper part ; the inflrument with which they had hollowed her had left marks as if done with a gouge.

Having put the fhip under a fnug fail, we flood to the eaflward all the night, and at daybreak found we had drifted confiderably to the fouthward j but as we flill expeéled to have fome intercourfe with the natives, we fet fail, and plied to windward. About eleven A.M.

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we were pretty near to the largeft ifland, when five canoes ventured off • but adled with the fame caution as before, taking great care to keep between us and the fhore, to which they paddled after about an, hour’s ftay. Seeing them depart, we flood clofe in with a reef which lies about half a mile from the beach, and feems to extend fome diftance from the weft end ; and probably the iflands are con-nedled by it. Where we were, we found feven fathoms j a flat coral bottom. Finding that their fears prevailed over their curiofity, and that we were likely to have no intercourfe with them, we lowered the jolly-boat down, and intended to tow the canoe clofe to the fliore, and there leave her with a few of our articles in her. But obferving that the fhip could not get near enough to aid the boat in cafe of an attack, this defign was relinquifhed, and we immediately bore away.

The largeft of this group we named Difappointment ifland, and the whole clufter Duff’s Group ; they are about eleven in number, lying in a direólion S. E. and N. W. fourteen or fifteen miles ; in the middle are two larger iflands about fix miles in circumference ; betwixt thefe laft is a fmall iflet, and to the eaftward are three iflets, two of which are round and high, the other flat and longifh. On the north-weft part of the group are five or fix more ; fome of them high. At the eaft end of one is a remarkable rock in form of an obelifk. The fmall iflands are apparently barren j but the two largeft are entirely covered with wood, among -which were feveral cocoa-nut trees ; but, on the whole, they had not the appearance of great fertility. The natives appeared flout and well made, with copper-coloured complexions j their houfes are built clofe to each other, and not difperfed, as we had been accuftomed to fee them : a horde of their dwellings was on the fouth-weft fide of Difappointment ifland. The latitude of the latter is 9° 57' S. and longitude 167“ E.

From Duff’s Group we fleered W. by S. thirteen or fourteen leagues, and on the following day obferved in latitude 10“ 4' S. and were then juft lofing fight of tlie eafternmoft of the group, bearing

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about E. I 3” N. when we again faw land in the fouth-weft quarter, and fteered for it, which proved to be Swallow ifland and Volcano ifland ; and further to the S.W. we could difeern Egmont ifland : all thefe were difeovered by Captain Carteret. Befides thefe we difeovered a low ifland, which lies about S. S.W. from Volcano ifland, and fteered to go between the two latter, but found that a reef ran -from the fouth part of the low ifland ; to avoid which we hauled to the fouthward, then bore away ; and fleering W. by S. about five leagues, faw two more low iflands bearing about W. by N. diflant two or three miles. As the moon was jufl now fetting, and we had reafon to think running in the dark would be extremely dangerous, we hove to with the fhip’s head towards Volcano ifland. Captain Carteret, in his Narrative, fays, that they faw fmoke, but no flame, ilfuing from this volcano : but as we pafled it clofe, and even when we were at a diflance, we beheld it ernitting a large and bright flame every ten minutes; which was to me and many on board truly gratifying, who had never before beheld fo grand a phenomenon. The height of this volcano is from the furface of the fea two thoufand feet and upwards ; and its height is to its bafe in the proportion of one to three; its circular form, with flraight fides and an apparently pointed top, gave us reafon to fuppofe that it had received this form by fuc-ceflive eruptions of lava iffuing from the crater, and running down its fides ; and perhaps if this ever was what naturalifls call a primitive mountain, it might not originally be very high ; its being furrounded by low iflands, and its fimilar form to any common heap of matter, naturally enough fuggefl fuch an idea.

28th. At fix A.M. we had the well fide of Volcano ifland in ■one with the well end of Trevanion’s ifland, bearing, per compafs, S. 22° E. At the fame time the eaflern extremity of Egmont (or Guemfey) ifland bore S. 43° E. and the extremities of two low iflands north of us from N. 33° W. to N. 20“ W. diflance of the volcano five miles. Hence I conclude Egmont ifland of far lefs extent than it is faid to be by Captain Carteret. Variation 10° E.

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From fix A. M. till noon we fteered W. by N. by compafs twenty-three miles, and obferved in latitude 10° 2' S. and longitude, cor-reded from lunar fights and chronometer, 165® ƒ E.j and at this time the volcano bore E. 29° S. j but we had reafon to think that a confiderable current fet to the northward. From noon we fteered W. N.W. twenty-eight miles, and could juft difcern Volcano ifland through the haze ; probably, had the weather been clearer, we might have feen it farther off ; though even now we muft have been diftant from it near twenty leagues.

On the 29th and 30th we had unfettled weather, with thunder, lightning, and rain. About noon we paffed to the fouthward of Stewart’s iflands : they are five in number, of no great extent, and low. They were difcovered by Captain Hunter on his paflage to Batavia, after the lofs of the Sirius ; their longitude we make 162° 30'' E. On the following day we paffed in fight of New Georgia, and faw no more land for feveral days. On the loth of Odober we crofted the equator in longitude i52'’E. where we had the winds prevailing generally from E. S. E. to N. E. and frefli breezes. From the line to 6“ N. and betwixt the longitudes of 130° and 140°, we found that the current often fet to the eaftward; and as we run down about ten degrees in the latitude of 7quot; N. we experienced many calms ; notwithftanding which we all enjoyed an almoft uninterrupted ftate of good health.

On the 23th we came in fight of a low ifland bearing W. by N. and prefently perceived fome canoes coming towards us. About nine A.M. one came alongfide without the leaft fear or hefitation • by which free behaviour we judged that they had been acquainted with Europeans beforej and their frequent mention of “ Capitaine” confirmed this conjedlure. Thefe firft were followed by feveral more, who exchanged their fifliing-hooks (made of fhells) and lines, and koir rope, amp;c. for any thing, that was given them : and when everal of them were admitted on board, they, for a confiderable time, fhewed no inclination to fteal. However, thofe in the canoes

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gave us reafon to alter the good opinion we had formed of them, by ftealing the rudder rings ; a thing which the Ikilful Friendly iflanders had attempted in vain : and bchdes this, one fellow was caught handing a pump-fpear into his canoe. As we had been accuftomed to fuch matters, we only drove them olf the decks for thefe firft depredations j but while we fat at dinner in the cabin, we heard them at work trying to knock off the bolt-head of the rudder rings : upon which the captain fired fome fmall fiiot among them, which made them inftantly fheer off. Juft at this time William Tucker and John Connelly were difcovered fwimming clofe under the ftern, with a view to make their efcape to the canoes, and by their ikulking appeared afraid of being fired at likewife ; but the captain, enraged at the former for his ingratitude and deceit, and willing to part with the latter, told them, that if they chofe to go they might, for he would not fire at them. Connelly anfwered, “ Thank you. Sir/* and they both fwam to the canoes, and were received by the favages with great ftioutings. Soon after, a breeze fpringing up from the N. E. we refumed our courfe, and left them behind. Connelly we had brought by force from Tongataboo for threatening the miflionaries. During his ftay on board he had condudled himfelf quietly, and being put on the ftiip’s books as an ordinary feaman, feemed to be content in his fituation, till this laft aélion proved his hypocrify. The fame might be faid of Tucker, who being alfo reinftated, had often faid that he was happy that he had been taken again after running from the fliip at Otaheite ; and perhaps he fpoke his fenti-ments, as there was reafon to believe that Connelly had perfuaded him to this laft refolution. If Connelly was really a Botany bay conviól (as we have fince heard), we may fuppofe him to have been aóluated by two motives, the fear of work, and the fear of punifh-ment if caught in England ; and as for Tucker, his conduól had long made it evident that he was under the abfolute rule of his fen-fual paffions j which is the more to be lamented for the fake of an excellent mother, of whom he was the only fon. This fpot', on

which they have chofen to pafs their days, is but a fmali ifland on the bofom of the deep, being not more than two or three miles in circumference, and where the comforts and neceflaries of life feem fo fcarce, that we had reafon to think their whole fubfiftence con-lifted only of fifli and roots, cocoa-nut, _ and perhaps the breadfruit.

The natives are not a flout race; their complexion is a dark copper ; their dilpofitions lively. We faw no women. Their canoes differ from all we had met before, being raifed high at each end, and painted red: they have outriggers, and fail either end foremoft. Their fails are made nearly in the fame manner as the fingle failing. canoes of the Friendly Iflands. The latitude of the ifland is 7° zz' N. and longitude 146° 48' E. We named it from the runaway, ’Tucker's ißand.

With light airs of wind from the N. E. we proceeded on our courfe to the weft ward, leaving Tucker and his companion to refledl upon the unhappy choice they had made ; a choice, to all appearance, fo replete with wretchednefs, that we did not imagine a third perfon could be found willing to follow their example : but fuch is the prevalence of habit, and the enervating influence of idlenefs over the mind, that Andrew Cornelius Lind came to the captain, and begged earneftly to be fet on ftiore upon the next ifland we fliould difeover. To this requeft not only confent was given, but likewife a promife to let him have a feledion of ufeful articles wherewith to benefit the natives, and the better to introduce and give him importance among them.

26th. When we had got about ten leagues farther weftward, at midnight we faw another ifland bearing N. and at four A. M. faw two more to the N. W. and as the day broke fhortly after, we counted fix of thefe low iflands, the extreme points bearing from N. W. by N. to N. E.byE. : for the moft foutherly of thefe we fleered, and foon had a great number of canoes about the Ihip, into one of which Andrew, after taking leave of his fhipmates, went, and was received

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with joy by the lavages. The canoe that took him in foon put off, and, as they paddled away, he ftood up and waved his hand, feem-ingly more elated than depreffed by his change of fituation. The indolent life he had led at Otaheite, the unobftruóled eafe with which all his fcnfual appetites had been gratified there, with his averfion to labour, and the profpedl of its neceffity, which a return to Europe held up to his view, ffrongly urged him to prefer a lazy favage life upon thefe unpromifing iflands to his native Sweden, which he knew to have advantages only for the induftrious. The following are the articles which the captain gave him: viz. two hand-faws, two hatchets, one hammer, ten looking-glaffes, eighteen knives, three hundred deck nails, two razors, and fome trifles befides ; thefe, with what he had of his own, particularly a bible, will, no doubt, make him an acquifition to the natives, and may like wife be the means of rendering fervice to the other two, whom it was our opinion he would endeavour to join. The natives of this group, their canoes, implements, and eagernefs for iron, amp;c. were exadtly the fame as at Tucker’s ifland. The afternoon fet in gloomy and rainy, which neverthelefs was not a hindrance to the canoes, many of which followed us quite out of fight of their own ifland; and as we obferved them haul to the northward in a fquall, we concluded that they meant to go to fome place in that quarter.

27th. About ten A. M. we came in fight of another low ifland, bearing S; W. and as we altered our courfe to go to the fouthward of • it, when weft of us it fhewed like two diftindl iflands, lying near each other : here alfo many of the natives came off, and trafficked, as the others had done. One thing we had obferved as peculiar and remarkable, that hitherto in our range among thefe iflands no females had appeared ; whence we concluded the men either more jealous than _their caftern neighbours, or as placing a higher value on their women; or, perhaps, they had at fome period fuffered in defending them from licentious vifitors. The latitude of thefe fifter iflands is 7’ 14quot; N, longitude 144° 50^ E. At four P. M. the latter bore E. by Nj.

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two leagues. Juft before dark we faw another ifland to the W. N.W. diftant three or four leagues ; and fleering to go to the fouthward of it, the better to avoid any danger that might lie in the way, at midnight it bore N. N. E.

About four A. M. on the 28th, we difcovered other iflands, and by means of our night-glafs could difcern the extremes from W. N. W. to N. by AV. About this time it fell calm, which continued; and at daybreak we counted fix, which might, from their fize, merit the name of iflands ; and feveniflets, or kayes; to the whole of which we gave the name of the Thirteen iflands. At the diftance of one league their extremes bore from N. W. | W. to N. i E. by which their extent may be eftimated. The latitude of the fouthern part of them is 7° 16' N. longitude 144° 30' E. About fixty canoes came off at firft, and afterwards fome of our people counted one hundred and fifty in fight, each of which, on an average, contained feven men, which is one thoufand and fifty; and if we add half as many left on fhore, and double that number for the women and children, the population of this group alone will amount to three thoufand one hundred and fifty fouls, which, according to the appearance of the iflands, muft often be pinched for food. Here, for the firft time, we got a fight of their women, who, to the number of a dozen or more, came off in three canoes : in two they were accompanied by the men ; the third was occupied by young women only. For a confiderable time they kept aloof, whilft their own men feemed to eye them with attention ; but obferving that we did not regard them with any particular notice, they were fuffered to approach within a few yards of the fhip, which, as well as ourfelves, they appeared to furvey with delight. Some of them were well featured, having neither very thick lips nor broad faces, though inclining to both. Their hair is black and long. In complexion they differ from the men by a fickly kind of whitiflinefs that is mixed with the natural olive. As we faw them almoft naked, their greateft ornament and higheft praife was the decency and modefty of their behaviour.

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The greater number of the men were naked alfo : fome had a fafli mat wrapped round their middle ; others added an ornamental belt round their body, near the navel: thefe belts are about an inch broad, com-pofed of bits of black and white fhells, bored and flrung after the manner of beads. Some of them wore a broad conical hat, in form not much unlike that of the Chinefe. Thefe iflands feemed alike in every refpedl, no one appearing to afford greater natural advantages than the other, except where the groups derive fome enjoyments from neighbourhood ; and perhaps more extenfive 1110aIs and fmooth water afford a covert where the fifli may Ihelter from the ftorm. Thus they may find greater refources than on the ifland that is folitary. However, with refpedt to articles of exchange, they appeared to be equally flored: of thefe the ftaple is koir rope, thirty fathom of which we could purchafe for a piece of an old iron hoop fix inches long : this rope is in general about an inch thick, and equal, if not fuperior, in flrength to our hemp-made ropes. As they every where expreffed the mofl eager defire for iron, at the above price we might, by delaying a few hours at each ifland, have almoft filled the fhip with it ; and would certainly have done it, had we known what we have fince learnt, that it will frequently fetch a good price in China. Their fifhing-tackle differs little from what we had feen in thé eaflern iflands ; but their matting was firiking and curious, being wove and made in the form of a Spanifh fafh, with a fancy border at each end, wrought in with black threads. The natural colour of thefe fafhes is white; but many of them are dyed of a beautiful yellow with turmeric. It is impoffible to behold thofe neat-wrought fafhes, and their rude ma-nufaélurers at the fame time, without wondering, and wifhing to know how they came by the ärt. It is not improbable that they might have been taught by the Jefuit miffionaries ; two of whom were fent by the Spanifh government from Manilla in the year 171O; but as the fhip that took them thither was driven away by the currents, the Jefuits were never heard of more : however, others were fent, who continued their efforts a few years, till having informed

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themfelves of the general poverty of the iHands, and certain that they never could be of value to the Spanifh monarchy, they quitted them, and fince that time (about 1*720) they have been totally negleóled. This makes it the more worthy of remark, that through fo long a period this ufeful art fhould ftill be retained ; and while it refledls credit upon their original teachers, is an encouragement to our mif-fionarie?quot; to endeavour all in their power to introduce the mechanic arts, as it proves that their labour will not be in vain. Turtle is among the articles of their fubfiftence, as we purchafed one of about twenty pounds weight for a piece of iron hoop about two feet long.

They manage their canoes with great dexterity, and go from ifland to ifland apparently without fear ; from which free intercourfe, and having no weapon, except a fling, among them, we concluded they had but few wars. Their language differs much from all that we had heard before; and except a few words, as, looloo (iron), capitaine, amp;c. we und er flood but little of what they fpoke. Their numerals are as follows :

We now, as it proved, had taken our leave of the Carolinas, for after the Thirteen iflands we faw no more of them. To vifit the Pele ws being our nextobjed, we accordingly Ihaped our courfe thither,

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bnt had ratlier a tedious paHagc of nine days, owing to light and variable winds.

November 5th. We obferved in latitude 7° 25'’ N. ; and at funfet, being about two leagues more to the northward, we thought that we faw land in the fouth-weft quarter, but could not be certain of this by reafon of the dull gloomy weather which at that time prevailed : however, as we judged ourfelves to be at no great diftance from the iflands, we Ihortencd fail, and tacked to the S. E. The fhip now having to contend with a head fea, pitched to fuch a degree, that the fore-topfail yard broke in the flings : as this was of confequence in our prefent fituation, it was immediately fent down, and replaced by a fpare crofs-jack yard, until a proper one could be made. During the night we had fqually and rainy weather, which killed until near eight A. M. on the 6th, when it became more fettled, and we got fight of the land, bearing W. S. W. di liant ten or eleven leagues. As we were fleering towards it, we were fuddenly alarmed by the cook’s caboufe catching fire : every man inflantly exerted himfelf to extin-quilh it; and happily this was foon efîèéled; though, had not the forefail and rigging been wet with rain, the flame blazed fo fiercely, that it is probable the fhip might have been burnt down to the water’s edge. This fire was occafioned by the cook melting his fat in a carelefs way.

At noon we obferved in latitude 7° 31' N. the extremes of the land bearing from W. 30® N. to W. 25° S. diflance about eight leagues. With a brjlk gale from the fouthward we continued our courfe until half pafl three P. M. when we were within two fhort miles of the reef which extends no great diflance from the fliore of the largefl ifland, called Babelthoup, divided into feveral diflridls, each of which is governed by a feparate chief, acknowledging the fupreme authority of Abba Thulle. When we hove to, we were oppofite to the fouthern part of the diflridl of Artingall. Two hundred perfons, or more, were colleéled upon the beach, and prefently about a dozen canoes were feen upon the water, fome of

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which were under fail, and others paddling ; but as the weather at this time wore a moft gloomy afpeól, three of them only came far enough off to get along Iide. The natives in thefe had a piece of white cloth tied upon a flick, which they waved as they drew near ; an emblem, as we fuppofed, of peace. They approached without fear or the leaft hefitation, and fpoke to us as to a people with whom, they had been long acquainted; but their language was quite unintelligible; nor could we, even with the help of Captain Henry Wilfon’s vocabulary, make them underfland one word, except a few of their proper names ; they however kept talking very faft, accompanying their words with violent and fudden geflures of the hands and body, expreflive of their eager defire for us to anchor at a place to the north-wefl, towards which they pointed ; and one of them, who we afterwards learnt was a rupack, with a clumfy bone on his wrift, came up the fhip’s fide in great hafte to enforce the re-queft, and was followed by two more, who were equally folicitous ; but all their entreaties, added to our intention to make fome flay at this celebrated group, were of no avail, as we could fee no place where it was probable that a fhip could fafely anchor, and we had not Lieutenant Macluer’s chart on board to guide us. On our-mentioning the name of Abba Thulle, they repeated it feveral times,, faying, S’Thulle, S’Thulle, and pointed to the land. The name of Lee Boo was not fpoken, for they talked fo faft and fo conftantly, that we had fcarce any opportunity to afk queftions ; and probably the weather, which now threatened a ftorm, kept him out of their minds. As their comrades in the canoes bawled loudly for thofe on board to rejoin them, the captain prefented a few knives, looking-glaffes, amp;c. when they haftily, though reludlantly, took their leave; but before they paddled off they were at fome pains to fhew their gratitude, by throwing upon our decks with difficulty a couple of cocoa-nuts, which was all they had j they then made for the fhore. This was all the intercourfe we had with the Pelew iflanders, a circtwnftance much regretted by us, as it had all along been the

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captain’s intention to ftay here a few days, for the purpofe of learning what we could of the inhabitants refpedting the expediency of fettling a miffion among them ; and to prepare the way for miffionaries, by diftributing fome ufeful articles retained in the Ihip for thefe and the Feejee people, from a hope of being favoured at both places with, fafe anchorage and friendly intercourfe; but, for the prefent voyage, we concluded every thing of this nature at an end, and proceeded to make the beft of our way to China, cheriffiing the hope of there receiving letters from our dear friends in England, to whom we now thought ourfelves drawing near, though ftill at the diftance of many thoufand miles.

Soon after we bore away, and had ffiaped our courfe N. j E. we fell in with an extenfive reef, trending N. E. about two leagues from the north end of Babelthoup, and difcerned three fmall iHands lying further to the N. enclofed by the above reef. When we had run nearly five leagues, the northernmoft of the three bore S. W. by W. and at this time we reckoned ourfelves paft the north point of the reef J and though very dark, with confiant rain, we continued our courfe for two leagues more, when we faw two other iflands to the N. N. W. and at only a ffiort diftance from us, on which account we hauled to the eaftward, and hove to till the moon ffiould rife, which it did about eight o’clock, when we refumed our courfe, and afterwards fell in with no more dangers.

If we admit the few which we faw of the Pelew iflanders to be a fpecimen of the whole, they are, in our opinion, inferior in external appearance to the Marquefans, the Society or Friendly iflanders; they have not the ftature and fymmetry of the two firft, and fall far Ihort of the mufcular, bold, and manly look of the latter. They approach the neareft to their neighbours, the Carolinians, ; for, like them, they are neither a ftout nor handfome race. Among fome cuftoms which they feem to have in common at both places, is that of flitting the .car, through which fome of them put vegetable ornaments, at leaft an inch thick. In tattooing at Pelew, their legs and

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thighs appear as if they had been dipped in a die of blueifh black, the fame as at the Carolinas -, but they mark their bodies alfo with figures, like fingers, or gloves. They appeared before us quite naked, without feeming confcious of llaame, and fhewed their kindnefs and hofpitality by the earnefi: invitations they gave us to vifit their habitations.

From November 7th, when we left the Pelew iflands, till our arrival on the coaft of China, nothing very interefting occurred. The winds were fo unfettled, that we experienced hardly any thing like the N. E. monfoon, until within two or three days fail of the Bafhees, the moft fouthern of which we faw the evening of the i they appeared to be very high, and diftant about ten leagues. Having no chart on board upon the accuracy of which we could depend, we kept our wind for the night, ftretching to the northward. At daybreak, fuppofing that we could clear the northern rocks, we bore away weft, and with a little alteration of our courfe, failed clofe paft the northernmoft ifle, which lies in the latitude of zi° N. longitude 122° 6' E.

The Bafliees confift of fix or feven iflands ; two to the S. E. arc high ; fome of the others are of moderate height : the moft northern except one is high and craggy at top ; and between thefe two lie two fmall rocks above water. After palling this group in about 21° 10' N. we fteered W. N. W. i N. twenty-five leagues, then reckoned ourfelves in latitude 21°42' N. and longitude i2i'’E. the fouth point of Formofa bearing at the fame time N. I E.; we faw the rocks which lie to the S. E. and had a good birth of them as we palTed.

20th. We got into foundings, and palTed feveral Chinefe fifliing-boats. The next day, at feven A. M. being within two or three leagues of the Great Lemma, a pilot came on board : at firft he alked about one hundred dollars to take us to Macao road, but afterwards accepted thirteen, befides giving us two fine filh.

Nov.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ' ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;309

Potoy, and leaving all the iflands, except Lingting, to the fouth of us, we failed through with a fine eafterly breeze. At three P. M. came in fight of Macao, and at half paft four anchored in the road, the town bearing W. two leagues. The pilot was then difcharged, and a fignal made for another ; and that no time might be delayed, our own boat was lowered down, and an officer difpatched on ihorc to bring a proper pilot off, as alfo to learn what European fhips were at Canton ; but to our great mortification we found that not one had as yet arrived, confequently there were no letters for us. Nor was this the only difappointment : the Chinefe had lately refufed to permit any veflel up to Whampoa, except fuch as brought cargoes thither. One fhip from Port Jackfon had been lying fix weeks in the Typa, at the entrance of the river, and had not as yet obtained leave to proceed upwards ; and on our applying to the mandarin at Macao, we were told, that, as we had brought no cargo, no pilot would be fent on board until the Honourable Company’s fupercargoes could prevail on the Chinefe government at Canton for a paffport. The boat, however, brought us a variety of refrefhments, of which, though received as very falutary after a long paflage, we did not ftand in fuch need as many preceding navigators who had neither failed the diftance, nor been fo long at fed as ourfelves. We had run from the time of leaving England upwards of thirty-four thoufand miles, and had been out fourteen months, eleven of them at fea; yet in all this time we had fcarcely experienced any ficknefs, and were at prefent, to a man, in good health. We never made ufe of antifcorbutics, as malt, fpruce, amp;c.; but being a crew fmall in number to what are ufually on board fhips upon voyages of difcovery, we were enabled to lay in a fufficient .ftock of frefli provifions at one group of iflands, to ferve, with a little ceconomy, till we got to a place to procure more} fo that our failors always had frefh meat at leaft twice a week; and for nearly half of the time that we were in the South Seas they lived entirely upon the hogs of the diffèrent iflands ; and we may venture to

fay, that thofe who can be thus highly favoured need not be felicitous about any other antifeorbutics. On our arrival in port the captain obferves, he was exceedingly fliocked at hearing around him, once more, that great and awful name blafphemed, which, for fourteen months, he had never heard mentioned but with reverence : it was a, found as grievous as unufual.

Nov.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;311

22d. Early in the morning Captain Wilfon went in the pinnace to Macao, to endeavour to have the obftacles to our going up removed, while the crew were employed painting the fhip, and putting her other wife in order i and in a few hours we had the pleafure to fee her look almoft as fmart as when fhe left Spit head. Towards evening a ftrong gale came on from the north, and increafed to fuch a degree, that in the courfe of the night we drove a confiderable way with both anchors ahead. The next morning we were glad to embrace the opportunity of the windward tide to weigh our anchors and run into the harbour of the Typa, and moored clofe to the Britannia, Captain Dennet, the fhip we mentioned from Port Jackfon. A chop (or paffport) had this day been fent for that veflel to proceed for Whampoa, and Captain Wilfon judged it a good opportunity for him to go up in her, fuppofing that by being on the fpot he fhould the fooner obtain the leave he wanted.

On the 25th the Britannia left the Typa ; and that our fhip might be in readinefs, we began to flrip the rigging off the maft-heads, which we examined, and found it neceffary to put new checks to the main-maft. The whole of the rigging was thoroughly repaired ; and juft as this work was upon the finifh, the captain arrived on the 9th of December with permiftion for the fhip to go up the river.

On the loth we weighed from the Typa, and as we worked out had the pleafure of feeing three large ftiips at anchor in the eaftern road : thefe, we hoped, had, what we anxioufly longed for, letters from England; and fo it proved.

On the 13th we moored at Whampoa, where we found fliips of different nations, Swedes, Danes, Americans, and Englifli ; of the latter, belonging to the Honourable Company, were the Glatton, Canton, Boddam, and Arnifton, be fuies fome extra fliips. The three former have recently fuffered much by a tiffoon in the China fea, and were returned to refit. The Arnifton had two or three days ago arrived from England, having touched at the Cape of Good Hope ; and by her we learnt the political ftate of our native country.

We now expeded to be three months at leaft before we fliould receive our cargo, and be difpatched home, which we fuppofed would be with a fleet compofed of Indiamen, juft at this time arrived. But the fupercargoes having determined to difpatch the Glatton, Boddam, and Amazon packet, they ordered an immediate furvey to be made of our fhip, and the report of the committee appointed for that pur-pofe being, “ That the Duff was in excellent order, and fit to receive “ a cargo,” Mr. R. Hall, the head fupercargo, told our captain, that if we could take in our lading, and be ready to depart in the courfe of five or fix days, he would difpatch us. This the captain promifing to perform, teas were immediately fent alongfide. But though the fliip was in every refpect in very good order, fhe was by no means clear for receiving a cargo ; our hold was half full of water-cafks, bread puncheons, tierces of beef, and various articles of flores beyond our confumption, and for which we had as yet found no purchafers ; fo that to difpofe of thefe, and to remove them from place to place as we advanced in our lading, gave us more trouble and expended more time than taking in the cargo itfelf. However, by the 3ifl of December we were completely laden, and in a fhorter time than perhaps ever fhip was before ; and having, by the kindnefs of the fupercargoes, got over the difficulties which the Chinefe are continually throwing in the way, we that fame day ran down the river, and joined the other fhips at a place called the Second Bar, jufl as they were getting under fail.

Jan.] nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;to THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;313

notice ; and as all immorality was utterly difcountenanced, not an oath fworn, and an appearance of unufual devotion maintained, the company we had now joined were pleafed wittily to new-chriftcn the Duff, and called her T^he Ten Commandments.

January 2d, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;We got down to Macao, where we found

three Englifli men of war, and feven of the Bombay cotton fliips, at anchor, waiting for us to fail with them.

The Honourable Company’s fhip Glatton, commanded by Charles Drummond, Efq. was appointed to convoy us home, to take the country fhips bound to Bombay under his care ; and the Fox and La Sibylle were to accompany us for a few leagues down the China fea. Every thing relative to the fleet’s departure being arranged, and the fhips in readinefs, early on the 5th we put to fea, with a frefli gale from the north, and found that the Duff was fully competent to keep up with them, though we had been apprehenfive of this, as our Indiamen are remarkable for their faft failing, efpecially when it blows hard.

Our paflage down the China fea was as favourable as we could have wilhed it to be. Some time in the courfe of the firft night the frigates left us, and we faw them no more.

On the loth wepaffed Pulo Sapata, and, continuing our courfe for the ftraits of Malacca, at ten A. M. on the 14th we came in flght of the Malay coaft ; at the fame time faw a ftrange fail ahead. Having heard that an enemy’s fquadron was cruifing in the ftraits, we at firft thought this might be one of them fent to look out ; and this feemed the opinion of our commodore, for he made the fignal for the fleet to prepare for adtion, and that one of the fafteft failing fhips fhould chafe. But we foon recognifed her to be a Portuguefe veffel Avhich had departed from Macao three days before us. In the afternoon we rounded Cape Romania, and fpoke a fhip from Bengal that was at anchor under the lee of the point, which removed all our fears of an enemy. The ftraits of Malacca are accounted dangerous to navigate in the dark ; however, as the wind was fair, our commo-

dore kept the fleet running all the night. Next day we had calms, which obliged us to anchor; but a breeze fpringing up at N. E. we foon weighed, and the wind increafing at midnight, we pa fled the Water iflands, and at two A. M. on the i6th came to with the fmall bower in Malacca road, in feven fathoms water, the flagflaff on the citadel bearing N. 64° E. the Outer Water Aland S. 39° E. diflant from the town two or three miles. The reafon of our touching at this place being to fill up our water, and gain information for the fafety of the fleet, at daybreak in the morning the boats were hoifled out, and mofl of the commanders went on fliore, but were difappointed in the hope of intelligence, as there was none of later date than what we had received at China. As this fpoke only of war, our duty was to prepare for all events on the palTage ; not that we had fears. The ability and care which we had obferved in our commodore, and the flrength which would be with us after the Bombay fliips had feparated, gave us confidence. The Glatton mounted forty guns, and the Boddam about thirty, and both fliips had a few troops on board ; befides, at the Cape of Good Hope or St. Helena we expeóled to join others of the Honourable Company’s fliips.

On the lyth we received about four tons of water, which is brought offquot; in bulk by fmall velfels kept here for the purpofe. We alfo received an addition to our live flock, and could have gone to fea this evening, but that the large fliips had not completed their water ; and one of the fleet which had lain feveral months laden at Whampoa had fprung a leak, and was obliged to ufe tedious and laborious methods to find the place where the water entered. This they happily found, and it deferves notice as a hint to fliipwrights and to thole who are more interefled : by ripping the copper off the under wales a bolt-hole was found left without the bolt ; an adf of negligence which might have proved of the mofl fatal confequenoe, had it not been difeovered.

Malacca in profpeét affords little beauty ; the houfes, excepting a few, have a poor and mean look; and the befl, though convenient,

are neither large nor fightly. The fortifications which Turround the town have originally been ftrong, but at prefent are thought too weak to {land the fhock of cannon planted upon them : to make up for this defed', our countrymen, fince the place fell into their hands, have firengthened the lines and outworks, fo that they could now make a very good defence. The fireets within the ramparts crofs each other at right angles, three or four lying eaft and weft, and as many north and fouth. The {hops are fliabby, prefenting for fale nothing that is enticing to an European ; and their market has all the appearance of a negro market in the Weft Indies. Until the Englifti made a fettlement upon Pulo Pinang, or Prince of Wales’s ifland, this city was the only place of trade in the ftrait ; and, from our earlieft knowledge of India, is mentioned as a place of great importance. They export tin, nutmegs, canes, amp;c. Provifions were at this time fcarce and dear. The inhabitants are a mixture of Dutch, Malays, and Chinefe : the garrifon at prefent is Englifti.

On the 20th we failed with the fleet, and proceeded down the ftrait until we came in fight of Pulo Pinang, when the Bombay fhips left us and fteered for that ifland. Our fleet was now reduced ; con-fifting only of the Glatton, Boddam, Amazon, and our own fhip.

31ft. We finiihed the laft of our yams, which.had plentifully fupplied us five months. We had a very good, paflage, with few gales of wind, and met with no difafter} nor did we fee a ftrange fail to alarm us until the i 6th of March* when in the morning we made the Cape land^ and fell in with two tranfports from Amboyna, which joined us. At night we hove to* and waited for day to run for Table bay, where we were directed to fill up our water, and re-frelh the crew.

At daybreak on the 17th, after we had born away, one of our boys, going up the main Ihrouds to loofe the main-top gallant-fail, flipped his hold and fell into the fea ; the jolly-boat was inftantly lowered from the ftern, and providentially faved him juft on the point of finking : we got him on board, and though far fpent, after, difcharg-.

316 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;[1798.

ing a quantity of water, he foon recovered. At three P. M. we anchored in the bay, where we found a fquadron of men of war under the command of Admiral Chriftian ; two outward-bound Eaft-Indiamen, with feveral Portuguefe, Danes, Americans, and other velTels. In the evening the health-boat came to examine in what Rate tlje crew were, and, on finding us all well, gave permifiion for free communication with the fliore. After them the admiral’s boat upon guard took account of the Ihip, whence Ilie came, amp;c. From fome of the Ihips they imprefied a few men, but took none from us. When they had left the admiral’s excellent regulations, which arc given to all veflels coming into the bay, they departed. In a few days we had got what water and ftock we wanted, but it was not until the i ft of April that the fignal for failing was made, and we put to fea, with the addition of the tranfport Bellona to our fleet. The fame day we got out of fight of the Cape, and fhaped our courfe for the ifland of St. Helena, where we arrived, on the 15th. Seven Indiamen, befides extra fliips, and two South-Sea whalers, lay in the bay, all homeward bound.

On the 16th the Albion, an extra Ihip, was difpatchcd for England by the governor, with advice of the fleet being on their paflage.

On the I ft of May we failed. Captain Drummond, being the fenior in command, had the charge of the fleet, confifting of twenty fail ; during our paflage we faw only two or three ftrangc fhips. In latitude 20° N. we fell in with a fmall Spanilh veflel from Cadiz, bound to Vera Cruz : flie was made a prize by our commodore.

On the 23d of June we fixw the coaft of Ireland, weft of Kinfale • and on the day following put into Cork harbour for a convoy. The Ethalion, Captain Countefs, was appointed for that purpofe by Admiral Kingfmill ; ànd, after a detention of eight days by contrary winds, we fet fail, and on the 4th of July faw the coaft of England. On the 8th we pafled the Downs; on the nth came to anchor in the river 1 hames ; and in a few days difcharged our cargo of tea, which was landed in as perfedl order as we received it at China,

THUS have we finifhed a voyage, in which the Miflionary Society, and our Chriftian brethren in connexion with them, were fo deeply interefted. Their prayers have been heard for us, and »eminently anfwered : fuccefs beyond our moft fanguine expectations has crowned our endeavours in every place where the miffions have been fettled. We have not loft a finglc individual in all our extended voyage ; we have hardly ever had a fick lift : we landed every miffionary in perfeét health : and every feaman returned to England as well as on the day he embarked at Black wall. We feel our gratitude rifing high to the Author of all our mercies, and cannot but believe that every man who ftiall candidly perufe the foregoing ffieets will join us in acknowledging the gracious providence that hath fupported us hitherto ; whilft the generous and humane con-dudors of this benevolent undertaking will be animated by the fuccefs which hath attended their firft attempt, to purfue with increafing energy an object which appears fo fraught with bleffings to mankind. The way into the fouthern ocean is now open, and the facilities for enlarging the miffionary labours greatly increafed. The fettlements formed will every day continue to widen their circle of influence and ufefulnefs j and new and vaft countries around them, equally accef-fible, afford an inexhauftible field for the moft vigorous exertions of Chriftian zeal. The more all circumftances are weighed, the more it muft appear that this hath God done : and can we perceive that it is his work, and not at leaft confefs our obligation to further thefe efforts to the utmoft of our power ? It is to be hoped that every objedion to this bleffed undertaking will be now removed j that the cautious will confefs themfelves fatisfied, and demonftrate their approbation by a more liberal affiftance, becaufe of paft delay j that the prejudiced will nobly lay afide their oppofition, and redeem unfavourable fuggeftions by immediate and generous acknowledgments that they knew us not ; and that a miffion to the heathen, planned with much deliberation, inveftigation, and zeal, and executed with eminent fkill, perfeverance, and fuccefs, bears a ftamp of divine benedidion upon it.

which ought to commend it to every man’s confcience in the fight of God. How much thankfulnefs, delight, and fatisfaélion, it muft produce in the hearts of thofe who have been moft active in the fer-viee, and fuch eminent benefactors to mankind, I need not fay : their work itfelf is their firft and higheft reward. Having finifbed, as one of the inferior wheels in this great machine, the revolution which received its impulfe from the main fpring, I am for a while repofing on thefe happy fhores of Britain ; but my prayers will never ceafe for the profperity of Zion, and for the furtherance of the mif-fionary labours, of the commencement of which having been a favoured fpedator, I cannot but indulge the plea fing expectation of abimdant increafe gt;nbsp;and wait, with the multitude of thofe who believe the promifes. will be fulfilled in their feafon, to hear that His kingdom is advancing, who fhall afluredly receive the heathen for his inheritance, and the utmoft parts of the earth for his poITeffion.. The Lord hafien it in his time 1

i nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the following Appendix of mifcellaneous matter refpeéfing the

country, its inhabitants, cuftoms, natural hiftory, amp;c. fhould any thing be advanced apparently different from the preceding reprefent-ations of former vifitants, it will be proper to remark, that thefe papers have been'drawn up from manufcripts attended with every mark of authenticity, and from converfations with a variety of perfons j nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;who have been lately on the fpot, and whofe veracity is highly to be

' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;refpeéled. It muft be obvious to every intelligent perfon in fearch of

information, that fome are ftruck with one object which another overlooks, and that the ftrongeft trait of character and manners is often drawn from the fimpleft trifle, which is ready to be difregarded or not mentioned for its feeming infignificance ; and where the fame

I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;thing is noticed, inferences may be drawn by one concerning it, of

which another may entertain a different opinion. We hope, however, on the whole, that the body of information here colleéfed from thefe fources will be found flrongly corroborative of the truth of the faóts in tKe preceding narrative, and cannot but afford fatisfadlion to the curious and inquifitive into the real ftate of men and manners in the ifles of this vaft ocean. We hope, alfo, to be able hereafter to prefent k nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;a more explicit and full account, if it pleafes God to crown our

prefent expedition with any fimilar fuccefs as the paff : and we cannot but flatter ourfelves that the public, on an impartial furvey of what

320 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

has been done, will confider the Miflionary Society as among the real benefadlors to mankind, and fupport an undertaking which God has hitherto fingularly blefled ; and which propofes, as its firft object, the divine glory, and the falvation, temporal and eternal, of thofe whom hitherto no man hath cared for. Names, fedls, and parties, have no place among us—we mean nothing political, partial, or exclulive. One is our mafter, even Chrift : we defire to know and teach nothing but him crucified ; to interfere in no conteft, to difiurb no government eftabliflied, or introduce any peculiar modes of religious worlhip, but to leave every man to the book of truth for his guide, in the fpirit of meeknefs ; to unite in one centre, Jefus Chrift, the fame yefterday, to-day, and for ever ; and to love one another, out of a pure heart, fervently. Time and better information, it is to be hoped, will dif-fipate every prejudice entertained againft fo benevolent an undertaking.

The ifland of Otaheiie confifts of two peninfulas conneded ty a low ifthmus about three miles acrofs, covered with trees and flirubs, but wholly uncultivated J though no part of the ifland feerns more capable of improvement, andtof admitting the plough if cleared from wood. The larger, Otaheite Nooe, is about ninety miles in circumference, and nearly circular ; the lelTer, or Tiaraboo, is about thirty miles. They are divided into a variety of diflrids, in enumerating which the former reporters' differ, as probably they are fubjed to changes, and divided and fubdivided by the chiefs among their towhas and relations. I fhall therefore refer to the map, as containing the latefl: and moll accurate account. The ifland has a border of low land reaching from the beach to the rifing of the hills, in fome places near a mile, in others hardly a furlong, and in feveral points the mountains abruptly terminate in high cliffs, againft which the fea beats, and form difficult paffages from one diftrid to another. The foil of the low lands and of the valleys^ which run up from the fea between the mountains, is remarkably fertile, confifting of a rich blackifh mould covered with bread-fruit, cocoa-nut, plantains, cvee apple, the youte, or cloth plant, and many others, which will be hereafter defcribed. The mountains afford a great variety of trees of all forts and fizes, and are,' in moll places, covered to their very tops with wood, in others with bamboos of great length, and in fome by fern and reed, which at a diffance appear like a fine green lawn. The hills rife very fleep, and fwell into mountains almofl: inacceffible ; but every where produdive of plantains, yams, and a multitude of

•3^2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

wild roots growing fpontaneoufly, and fometimes ufed for food. In thefe higher regions only is to be found the precious fandal wood, of two kinds, yellow and dark-coloured ; from whence the natives chiefly draw the perfume for the cocoa-nut oil, with which they anoint themfelves.

The country exhibits a mountainous afpeól, and rifes very high in the centre ; but it is interfccled by narrow valleys, which receive innumerable ftreams from the hills, fome of which fall in beautiful cafcades, and fill the rivers, which meander through them, amidfl the verdant fcenery, to the fea. During the rainy feafons thefe fwell into torrents, and fometimes loofen rocks and trees from the precipices, and carry them down into the valleys, which they overflow, and occafion much damage. During the greater part of the year thefe valleys afford a paffage from one fide of the ifland to the other, though always difficult when you afcend the mountains ; but in the rainy feafon this becomes impradlicable, and the communication between one diftridt and another is kept up by canoes, which pafs, within the reefs in fmooth water with great facility ; ufing this precaution only, that as the northernmoft part of the ifland has a fleep rocky fhore, and in blowing weather the landing is dangerous, thofe who wifli to go to windward proceed in their canoes weft ward, where they feldom find the trade wind, and the fea breeze fets in from the weft ward ; the high land obftruding the eafterly wind, and the ifland of Eimeo lying in a diredion N. and S. forces a frefta weftcrly current up the fouth fide of Otaheite, which wafts the canoes to the ifthmus ; where hauling them acrofs, they are fiire of a fair wind home. This is at prefent done on rollers and by ropes ; but a carriage with wheels would wonderfully facilitate the operation : and probably, ere long, a practicable road will be formed for this purpofe, as has been fuggefted by one of the milfionaries.

. When the trade wind gets far to the fouth, and blows frefli, it generally rains on the fouth fide of the ifland, bringing the clouds from the mountains of Tiaraboo, and emptying their contents at

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;323

•Papparâ and the adjacent didridls. This occafions a great difference in the bread-fruit feafon between the north and fouth fides of the ifland j as on the north the rain is lefs frequent and lefs violent, and the'trade wind confiantly blows, except when the fun is vertical. Hence the great bread-fruit harveft commences on the northern fide about November, and continues till the end of January ; whilft on the fouth fide, in fome parts, it begins in January, and continues in different diftriâs till November. But though this is the cafe with the general harveft on both fides the ifland, there are fome kinds of bread-fruit, though fcarce, in feafon. all the year, efpecially in the diftridl of Attahooroo. The different fpecies of the fame tree amount to thirty. At our arrival in March we found plenty ; it continued till we left the ifland in Auguft : they faid it would be fcarce for two months at Matavai.

AsToon as you begin to afeend the hills, the foil changes from the rich loam into various veins of red, white, dark, yellow, or blueifli earth, clay, or marl : in the red are found ftones refembling cornelian or flint ; but being full of veins, though they will ftrike fire with fteel, they break on a fécond ftroke. The white appears a pipeclay, or fuller’s earth ; the dark, a fine fat mould, probably the decayed parts of vegetable fubftances ; the yellow is mixed with gravel j the blue a marly fubftance. Thefe are all found in digging ten or twelve feet, and the under-ftratum appears a foft fand-ftone of a brownifh colour, intermixed with hard rock.

The hills alfo afford a blackifh ftone, which feems a lava, in pieces eight or ten feet long, and from four to ten inches thick j of which they formerly made their ftone tools : it is of a fine grain,' though not very hard, nor apt to fplinter ; which anfwered beft the purpofes of the natives, as they could thus bring them more eafily to an edge ; but at every ftroke almoft their adzes required whetting, and two-thirds of their time nearly was employed in this labour.

The beds of the rivers confift of ftones and gravel ; many of which contain a glaffy fubftance, and will melt in a ftrong fire j others arc

3^4 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

more infufible, ' and many are found like pumice-Rone. In powder the magnet attraóhs many particles. This, with other high iflands, has evidently a volcanic origin.

. In the diftriól of Mataväi there is a lingular cliff, called Peeha ; which one of the miffionaries defcribes as formed of an immenfe number of oblong pieces of Rone, Rrongly cemented together, and hanging in a very romantic manner. , The cliff is about eighty or ninety feet high, and twice as broad j at the bottom runs a river,, the largeR in the ifland. This is probably bafaltic.

' The mountains are in fome parts bare and full of precipices, broken as by earthquakes. In the bofom of thofe which bound the diRriót of Vyeorëde there is a remarkably large frelh-water lake, called Vyehëerea, which the natives fay cannot be founded with any line, and contains eels of a monRrous fize. On the banks of this lake many inhabitants are feated, who have plenty of all forts of proviRons, except the bread-fruit, for which they fubRitute the mountain plan-, tain. This lake empties itfelf into the valley of Vyeorëde. Here alfo they make vaR quantities of a greyifli cloth highly prized, beat from the bark of the mountain floe tree ; and a number of arreoies frequent the place for this purpofe, as they prefer the cloth to any other, and call it oraa. i

' The bay of Mataväi affords fafe anchorage during eight months of the year, but is dangerous from December to March ; the bottom is a blackifh fand, from fix to eighteen fathom. The channel between the reef and the Dolphin bank, on which the water is thirteen feet;' only in the flioaler part, extends not more than half a cable’s length, but^has twenty-two fathoms of water; yet, in a weakly manned fllip, this paffage Teems preferable to paffmg to the weRward of the bank, as it frequently happens that the wind comes off in fqualls from One Tree hill in a fouthern diredion,' and often falls into a dead calm ; both which may be avoided by keeping the reef clofe aboard, with ten fathoms water, and bringing up where you pleafe, as tliere is no foul ground to windward of the Dolphin bank, nor any

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rocks but what are vifible. The funken rocks, called Toa, the natives know, and are ready to point out. The only harbour to the weftward is that of Oparre, called Toa röa, or Long rock.

The weather, during our ftay, from March till Auguft, was ferene and pleafant, the thermometer never finking lower than 65°, and feldom higher than 73°; and fo cool at night as to make a blanket welcome. When we came, the weather was a little fqually and rainy, being the end of the rough feafon, which commences fome time in December and lafts till March : during thefe months the* wind frequently blows hard from the weft, with rain, and throws a heavy fwell and furf on the fliore into Matavai bay j the reft of the year the wind blows from the eaft, but with an alternate land and fea breeze around the ifland, which extends its influence about a league from the fhore..

THE government of Otaheite is monarchical, and hereditary in one family ; of this two branches fubfift. Temärre, the fon of Oberëa and Oämmo, reigned when Wallis firft vifited the ifland : he was then a child, and Oberëa his mother was regent. Oämmo and fhe had quarrelled about faving the child, which he wilhed to deftroy ; whether to retain the fovereignty longer, or fufpefting that the child did not belong to him, the lady not being fparing of her favours to others. On his acceftion, Oämmo retired to a private ftation in. his own diftridl of Papparä, and left his wife,, an^aôlive woman.

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in truft with the reins of government for her fon. Oämmo was fon of Tenae, and elder brother of Whappai, who fince has affumcd the name of Otey. Whäppai’s fon Otoo was then a child of fix or feven years old. Tootaha, their younger brother, was chief of Attali ooroo.

Wars and various changes appear to have preceded the laft grand revolution, when the partifans of Otoo, with the affiflance of the mutineers, recovered the royal maro from the men of Attahooroo. By one of thefe inteftine wars Temârre, the Tirridirri of Cook, had been previoufly dcpofed, and Otoo, the prefent Pomarre, advanced to the dignity of earee rahai. But the chiefs of Attahooroo, who, under Tootaha, had been the principals in effeéling this revolution, feized the regalia, the royal maro, and the ark of the Eatöoa, and carried them off to their own diftriél ; and though incapable of ufing them, as not being of the feed royal, they kept pofleflion of them for the honour of their diftrid ; and having eftablifhed their warlike charader, none dared contend with them. To Attahooroo, therefore, on all great folemnities, were all the other chiefs obliged to repair, and were fometimes infulted or plundered by the way. This occafioned continual difputes} and the Attahooroo chiefs giving an afylum to all thofe who fled for crimes from other diftrióts, they became fuch a terror to the reff, that Temârre, though dethroned and reduced to his private patrimony, as chief of Pappara, joined with Otoo to attack them.

Tiaraboo alfo had revolted, and fet up Vayheeadöoa. A general war commenced ; Eimëo leagued with Attahooroo ; and Maheine (the uncle of Motuäro, king of that ifland, who had married Otoo’s After, as Otoo had married his) ufurped the right of his nephew, and forced him to take refuge with his brother-in-law at Oparre, juft at the time Cook arrived in 1774, who faw the preparations for war, but did not wait its iffue.

Otoo (now Pomarre), after many conflitfts, maintained his authority, though not without fuch defeats as fometimes drove him to

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the mountains, and almoft annihilated his maritime power. The war canoes of Otaheite have nearly difappeared, Otoo having cultivated the friendfhip of the Europeans, continued to be acknowledged fupreme chief, though holding a precarious dominion, till the fettle-mcnt of the mutineers at Mataväi. Them he engaged in his intereft; and as they could incline the balance to whichever fide they pleafed, by their means he vanquifhed Attahooroo, recovered the royal maro, and eftabliflied his fon’s dominion on a more folid bafis than it had ever been before, Motuaro alfo recovered his loft dominion in Eimëo ; and ftrengthened the government of his nephew by acknowledging his fupremacy. Pomärre (the name affumed by the father fince his fon’s fucceffion to the title of Otoo) continued, as regent, to manage the affairs of government ; and by the help of his European friends, the lelfer as well as the greater peninfula bowed to his dominion, and his flag paffed with reverence through all the diftridls. Temärre firft paid it due homage, and it proceeded from him through Tiaraboo. It was a union jack, given by the captain of a veffel which had touched there, and decorated with breaft-plates of pearl and red feathers. This was carried to the great moral, where all the chief people of the diftridt attended, and received it with ceremonious reverence.

Pomärre, from king become the firfi: fubjedt of his fon and regent of the ffate, fupports his fon’s dignity with all his weight and influence. Temärre is joined in the ftridfeft friendfhip with him, and, having no children, adopted Pomärre’s daughter, fince dead. Eimëo acknowledged the young king’s fovereignty ; and his dominion was no where openly refifled, though in Tiaraboo more than one diftridt ftill appears difcontented.

As the ceremony of invefting the young king with the royal maro, like a coronation, isafolemnity which few can witnefs, the following account from a fpedfator will be interefting :

Affembling at the great moral at Opärre, the maro oora, or red fafh of royalty, recovered from Attahooroo, was laid on the morai :

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It IS made of net-work, and thrummed with red and yellow feathers. 7 he täata örero, the public orator (probably Manne Manne), opened the ceremony with a long fpeech, which fet forth the rightful authority of the fon of Pomarre to the royal dignity; and in veil cd him with the regal cinóture. Motuäro, the chief of Eimêo, who had recovered his authority, firft paid his homage to the young king, who was borne on a man’s fhoulders, and furrounded by all his chieftains, j .He brought three human vidims from Eimêo in his canoes; from each ol which the prieft, fcooping out an eye, prefented it to the Sovereign on a plantain leaf plucked from a young tree in his hand, accompanied with a long ceremonial difcourfe : the bodies were then taken away, and interred in the morai. The fame ceremony was repeated by every chief in rotation, of the feveral diftrids of Otaheite, fome bringing one, and fome two human facrifices, fixed on a long pole ; and buried after the prefentation of the eye.

The reafon afligned for this horrid oblation was, that the head being reputed facred, and the eye the moft precious part, it was to be prefented to the king as the hcad and eye of the people. During the prefentation the king holds his mouth open, as if devouring it, whereby they imagine he receives additional wifdom and difcernment ; and that his tutelar deity prefides, to accept the facrifice, and, by the communication of the vital principle, to firengthen the foul of his royal pupil. Hogs innumerable were ftrangled, and immenfe quantities of cloth prefented. The royal maro, worn only on that day, was depofited in its place at the morai, and the facred canoes, which brought the human facrifioes, were hauled up thither. The king and chiefs then departed, to devour the hogs, turtle, fowls, filh, and vegetables prepared for them in the greateft profufion, and to drink their intoxicating yava. The feafting and heivas lafied two months'; the hogs killed on the occafion were innumerable, the yava abundant ; and more than one of the chiefs paid for their excefles with their lives.

promifing to be of a fize like bis father. Though he is abfolute, he lives in the greateft familiarity with the loweft of his fubjeóls. He is differently reprefented : fome fay he looks folid, and of a thoughtful afpedl J whilft others call him ftupid, and his countenance vacant. His queen, Tëtua, daughter of Wyreede, rehtt of Motuaro, is about bis own age, and rather the larger of the two. Her countenance is pleafing and open, but mafeuline, and widened by the ufual method of preffure, called touroome. It is confidered as the difhnetive mark of their regal dignity, to be every where carried about on men’s fhoulders. As their perfons are efteemed facred, before them all muft uncover below the breaft j and from this mark of homage their own father and mother are not exempted. They may not enter into any houfe but their own, becaufe, from that moment, it would become räa, or facred, and none but themfelves, or their train, could dwell or eat there4 and the land their feet touched would be their property ; therefore, though they often came off to the fbip, ate what was handed down to them, and baled the water out of their own canoe, they would never come on board ; and when they daily vifited our miffionary houfe, they never came farther than the door. Yet this had not been the cafe with the father, when king, who freely entered the fbip, and vifited our people on fliore : perhaps fome ceremony is yet to pafs, when the king comes to a more advanced age, when he will have the fame liberty.

The king and queen were always attended by a number of men, as carriers, domeftics, or favourites, who were räa, or facred, living without families, and attending only on the royal pair; and a worfe fet of men the whole ifland does not afford for thievery, plunder, and impurity.

The queen has bad as yet no child, nor is it likely fhe fhould produce any, as, if the reports our mifîîonaries have received are true, file-is a perfedt Meffalina, and lives in a promifeuous intercourfe with all her porters.

The mode of carrying the king and queen is with their’ legs' hanging down before, feated on the Ihoulders, and leaning on the head of their carriers, and very frequently amufing thcmfdves.with' picking out the vermin, which there abound. It is the Angular privilege of the queen,'that, of all women, flic alone may eat them; which privilege Ihe never fails to make ufe of. On their own lands they fometimes condefcend to alight, and walk i but feldom move far without their porters. Among thefe attendants is to be found one of the Angular curioAties of the iAand, a native of a complexion quite di Aèrent from his fellows; reddiAi, and of a Swedifh caA of countenance, and his hair white and Ane as Hax. There are a few others fomething Amilar, like the white negroes, an anomalous breed.

The next in rank to the king is his own father, Pomarre, who’’ adls as regent for his fon. He is reprefented as of very amiable manners, and peculiarly attached to us. He is the largcft man on the iAand, being above Ax feet four inches high, and ftrong built. Our talleA men in the Aiip hardly reached his Aioulders ; and he' would weigh againft three or four; yet he is no warrior, and in military prowefs exceeded by his wife Iddeah, a woman of a moft mafculine appearance and difpoAtion. They live together in great harmony, though they have ceafed to cohabit. He Arft took her younger After to wife, and then another woman ; and Aiè has a fer-vant of her own, by whom fhe has had more children than one, all of whom have been murdered. Aie being now a member of the arreoy fociety. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' '

The next in dignity are the chiefs in the feveral diAridls ; fome of whom are fupreme in more than one diAridt, and exercife in their own territories all regal power, yet Aill fubjedl to Otoo as fovereign ' paramount, and liable to be called upon for aßiAance : thefe, alfo, have houfes and lands in many diAridls, which, as they cannot occupy themfelves, they commit to the care of fuperintendants, called medua^t or give them to their tayos, who enjoy all the ufufruits

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without being called to any account, and Ihare them with the chiefs when they come to refide themfelves.

Next to thefe are the towhas, the near relations, or younger brothers, or tayos, of the chiefs : and if there are more chiefs than one, the diftridt is divided into different pädtdoos, or parifhes, and each of thefe have töwhas under him.

The next rank is the raürra^ or gentleman, who has one portion to the töwha’s three. Thefe fmaller eftates are called rahoe, from the power the ratirra has to lay a prohibition on his own land, or on any particular fort of provifion, as well as the töwha on his portion, and the chief on the whole; but this power, though fometimes abufed, is ufually employed after a great confumption of provifions, or to accumulate them for fome magnificent feaft. The principal objedfs of the rahoe are hogs, though fometimes it extends alfo to other forts of provifions; as when they find the Ihell-fifh fcarce on the reefs, the ratirra can rahoe his portion, which is done by flicking up at the extremities of it two branches of a tree, to which a white cloth is attached ; and no perfon dares fifh there whilft thefe remain. When the rahoe is taken off, and the offering of a hog and fifh is made, the place is again free, and a feaft given by the perfon who put on the rahoe : this is called oröa ; and befides feafting the guefts, it is ex-peded that he fhould prefent them with large quantities of cloth : fome of this is thrown to the populace to fcramble for, which makes fport, the cloth being torn into ribands; and however fmall, they prefer it to a larger piece, which they might have for afking ; thefe narrow flips they wear as favours in honour of the feaft. The young men wreftle, the women dance, and the feaft is often prolonged feveral days.

When fuch a feaft is made by a chief on taking off the rahoe from a whole diftridl, it is called towröa ; then larger quantities of cloth, live hogs, bamboos of oil, and even canoes, are given to be fcrambled for. At thefe greater entertainments moft of the chiefs of the ifland are prefent, vaft numbers of the arreoies, and all defcriptions of

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people. The towrôa refembles a country fair, to which every one who goes brings home fomething to fliow where he has been, with this difference, that here it cofts them nothing ; and befides the fport of the hërroo, they are feafted all the time. Hogs innumerable are drefit'd on this occafion ; and a firanger would fuppofe every one on the illand had been colledled. The cloth and canoes feldom fall to the fliare of the fame perfon, but are moftly rent in pieces ; and he who gets the largeft piece is the beft man. If feveral of a family feize and carry off the canoe, it is their own j and he who firft catches the hog, carries it home.

The things appointed for this fport are all brought together in an open fpace. The chief’s men hold the hogs faft, till the prieft has made a long prayer on the occafion : at the conclufion of it he throws a young plantain into one of the canoes, which ftand in a row, with mafts eredled to fpread the cloth, and hang the bamboos of oil ; immediately on this fignal, the hogs, goats, and fowls, are let loofe, and the young men and women begin the chafe, which continues a confiderable time before all are caught, and affords many a laughable incident : after this, the prefents are given, and the feaft ferved up. Wreftling and dancing occupy a part of every day and night while the feaft continues.

They have other feafts, held at the ratirra’s morai, called oboo nôe, where they meet in fmaller companies, baking a hog, and eating it on the fpot; and if not cleared the firft day, they muft come the fécond, or the third, as none muft be removed from the morai. The chief of the padtdoo, and the priefts, are always invited on thefe occafions ; and if abfent, a portion is put by for them till they arrive, which they feldom fail to do. If the chief does not come, the priefts are entitled to his portion. At this feaft no woman, nor any of her male attendants, can be prefent, or partake of it. At all thefe they brew plenty of yava ; and they who can get it, drink it greedily.

When the hog is taken from the oven, the prieft offers a long prayer, and on a plantain-leaf colleds a fmall portion of all the pro-.

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vifions, with a bit of yava root, placing, them on the altar, as an oblation to the Eatöoa. The hog is then divided into as many Ihares as perfons ; each, eats as much as he pleafes, and puts the remainder into a balket, covered with leaves, till he returns to finilh his portion. If a ftranger paffes by at the time, he is always invited ta partake, provided he declares himfelf râa, or a clean perfon ; if not, he refufes, nor dare they tell a lie j for fhould the impofition be detetled, death only could expiate the offence.

The women and their fervants have their feparate feafts alfo, called ochumöo, Thefe are generally of fifh, and not kept on facred ground. Any man who is invited may partake with them.

The lowed clafs in fociety, after the ratirra, is the manahounci cultivate the land, and moft refemblc our cottagers : fome are räa, or hallowed ; and others common or unclean. Thefe hold under the töwhas and ratirras, anfwer all their demands to the beft of their ability, make cloth for them, build their houfes, or aflift in any laborious work required of them ; yet their vaffalage compels no con-ftant fervice or refidence they may change chiefs, and go to .another diftriót. '

The fervants of whatever clafs are called toutou ; and fuch as wait wholly on the women, tuti ; nor is it uncommon to find young men of the fir ft families fo debafed j though by fuch feminine fervice they become excluded, from, all religious folemnities.

There yet remains a fct of men of the moft- execrable caft, called mahoos^ affeéfing the manners, drefs, geftur.es, and voice of females, and too horrid to be deferibed.

In the fcale of rank, birth enjoys Angular diftinftion. A chief is always a chief ; and though expelled from his command, lofing his diftriót, or having his honours transferred to his child, he continues noble and refp^éled ; on the other hand, no acquifition can raife a common man to a higher ftation than that of töwha, or rarirra; yet the meaneft are in no flavifh dependence. The honour and refpefit which they pay their chief, is rather through force of cuftom than»

'334 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;• FIRST. MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

the fear of puniihment. They are admitted as their companions on 'all occafions, and treated with perfedh freedom; indeed, in outward -appearance they can hardly be diftinguifhed. The king is not averfe ' to converfe with the loweft of his fubjeds, or to be their vifitor ; and t never treats them with hauteur. His retinue-’is often changing: no man ferves him longer than he- pleafes. They have no wages, nor -engage for any Rated time, though fome-remain in the fame family all their lives ; and thefe ancient domeRics are as much refpeded as their own relations,quot; giving directions to the younger branches, and • managing, as Rewards, the affairs of the houfehold without control.

All are friendly and generous, even to a fault; they hardly refufe any thing to each other if importuned. Their prefents are liberal, ' even to profufion. Poverty never makes a man contemptible ; but to be affluent and covetous is the greateR fhame and reproach. Should any man betray fymptoms of incorrigible avaricioufnefs, and refufe to part with what he has in a time of neceffity, his neighbours would foon deRroy all his property, and put him on a footing with the “ pooreR, hardly leaving him a houfe to cover his head. They will give their clothes from their back, rather than be called pëere pëere, or flingy.

Refpeding property, they have no writing or records, but memory and landmarks. Every man knows his own; and he would be thought of all charaólers the bafeR, who fhould attempt to infringe on his neighbour, or claim a foot of land that did not belong to him, or his adopted friend ; for the tayo may ufe it during his friend’s lifetime, and if he has no child, poffefs it at his death.

If a man bequeaths his property to another on his death-bed, no perfon difputes the bequeR, as there are always witneffes abundant to the gift, if the heir is not prefent. The landmarks fet by their anceRors, the father points out to the fon or heir ; and Riould any difpute arife, through their decay or removal, multitudes know where they Rood, and the matter is in general eafiiy fettled. Indeed it is much the fame in all litigations ; the cafe is referred to a by-Rander,

and the party which he declares in the wrong fubmits, and makes the other a peace-offering of the plantain-ftalk. Men feldom or never fight in confequence of any perfonal quarrel. If any matter of ferious offence is given, the whole family or diftridl take it up, and go to war with their adverfaries ; but if they chufe not to fight, a peace-offering muft be made, which is never refufed j if they will fight, the weakeft muft fuffer; and as all the relations adopt the quarrel, there is fometimes much bloodfhed, and it frequently leads to a general war. Such broils, indeed, are fometimes produced by what appears to us a very trifling matter j fuch as fcurrilous words fpoken againfl: the heir of a large eftate, or even of a fmall one; negleél of proper refpedl to a child, and other things as trivial ; for inftance, as the child from the moment of its birth becomes the head of the family, the boundaries of his land are new marked with rude images i and if this new-born infant be a töwha, or ratirra, a number of little flags are fet up in different parts of the boundary ; to thefe all perfons of inferior rank muft uncover themfelves ' as they pafs, whether by day or by night; and fhould this mark of homage be contemptuoufly negjeóled, the mother flies to the fhark’s teeth and cuts herfelf, and the party muft make his peace-offering with the plantain : fhould this be refufed, the father and mother would tear off the clothes from his back, and well drub him into the bargain. The friends and relations on both fides fometimes arm, and fatal confequences follow. Even a chief has been known to be driven from his diftridl on account of a difpute originating about a poor man’s child fuppofed to be affronted by one of the fame rank' with himfelf.

The famous, or rather infamous arreoy fociety, confifting of noble perfons in general, have alfo different ranks among themfelves, like our freemafons, known by the manner o-f their tattooing. The higheft are called ava’ bly arëema tatôwe; the next, arëema bly ; the • third,, ahöwhöa; the fourth, harrotëa; the fifth, e’öte ölej. the fixth and feventh, po, and mo, youths training up.

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THE natural colour of the inhabitants is olive, inclining to copper. Some are very dark, as the fifhermen, who are moftexpofed to the fun andfea; but the women, who carefully clothe themfelves, and avoid the fun-beams, are but a fhade or two darker than an European brunette. Their eyes are black and fparkling ; their teeth white and even ; their flcin foft and delicate ; their limbs finely turned j their hair jetty, perfumed, and ornamented with flowers; but we did not think their features beautiful, as, by continual preflure from infancy, which they call touröome, they widen the face with their hands, diftend the mouth, and flatten the nofe and forehead, which gives them a too mafculine look ; and they are in general large, and wide over the fhoulders ; we were therefore difappointed in the judgment we had formed from the report of preceding vifitors ; and though here and there was to be feen a young perfon who might be efteemed comely, we faw few who, in faél, could be called beauties ; yet they poflefs eminent feminine graces : their faces are never darkened with a fcowl, or covered with a cloud of fullennefs or fufpicion.

Their manners are affable and engaging; their ftep eafy, firm, and graceful ; their behaviour free and unguarded ; always boundlefs in generofity to each other, and to ftrangers ; their tempers mild, gentle, and unaffedled; flow to take offence, eafily pacified, and feldom retaining refentment or revenge, whatever provocation they may have received. Their arms and hands are very delicately formed ; and though they go barefoot, their feet are not coarfe and fpreading.

As in all warm climates, the women in general here corne earlier to puberty, and fade fooner, than in colder and more northern coun«

tries ; though in fome the features continue little changed even to gray-hairs ; and what is remarkable, fome are faid to fade, and revive again, retaining their comelinefs beyond thofe who have not experienced fuch a change. Many, indeed, who lead a diflblute life, receive their immediate punifhment, and are old and hagard at thirty; whilft others, who have lived more decently, or, at leaft, have been lefs profligate, retain all the fprightlinefs and vigour of youth at fifty.

As wives, in private life, they are affectionate, tender, and obedient to their hufbands, and uncommonly fond of their children : they nurfe them with the utmoft care, and are particularly attentive to keep the infant’s limbs-fupple and ftraight. A cripple is hardly ever feen among them in early life. A ricketty child is never known ; any thing refembling it would reflect the highe fl difgrace on the mother. If an utter Arranger difcovers the leaft defect in a child, he makes no fcruple to blame the mothér, and imputes it to her want of fenfe and experience in nurfing : fo that if the child is not born radically defective, which is feldom the cafe, they will mould it into a proper fhape. A perfon knock-kneed, or bow-legged, is fcarcely to be found : in the whole ifland we faw only three humpbacked boys, in three different diftricts.

The men in general are above our common fize ; but the chiefs a larger race, few of them fhort of fix feet high ; and Pomärre four or five inches higher, and proportionably bulky. They carry their age well ; and are healthy and vigorous at a very advanced time of life, if not infected with difeafe : fuch are Otey, the grandfather of Otoo, and Männe Manne, the high-prieft, and others. The exact amount of their years can only be collected from circumftances, as they keep no regular computation of time ; yet from events which they relate, a pretty accurate calculation may be formed. Many were alive in 1791 who remembered the lofs of one of Roggewein’s fquadron at an ifland north of Otaheite, in 1722.

The drefs of both fexes is nearly the fame, excepting that the men wear a narrow piece of cloth, which, paffing round the waift, goes

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between the thighs, and is tucked in before, named the märro, and may be called their breeches. An oblong piece, like a piece of printed calico, not a yard wide, with a hole in the middle to admit the head, hangs down before and behind, with the Iides open, falling loofe as low as the knees, and leaving the arms quite uncovered : this is the teböota. A fquare piece of cloth, doubled, of any fize fuIRcient to pafs once and a half round the waift of the men, and above the breafts of the women, under the taböota, is called paru : this falls down only to the knees of the man, but to the mid-leg, and often to the ankles of the woman ; and is fometimes tucked in at the corner, f or confined by a girdle of cloth, plaited hair, or fine matting, called tätdöoa. The women, befides, often wear a piece of cloth, ahhöo, fquare, or oblong, folded, which they throw taftily over all, by way of cloak; this is generally of white cloth, and very fine. The other garments are of what colours they fancy moil. Inftead of the märro, worn by the men, the women have a fmaller parû, beneath the larger, as an under-petticoat.

When travelling, they ufually tuck up the paru, to prevent its being foiled or dirty. If perfons of rank appear with more than the ordinary quantity of cloth around them, this is defigned for a prefent; and they generally honour the perfon for whom it is intended with winding it round him with their own hands.

The women uncover their Ihoulders and breafis in the prefence of a chief, or on palling the facred ground. Their bonnets refemble the green Ihades which our ladies ufe in fummer : they are often changed, as they mull call them away on palfing the morai; but they are replaced in a minute by plaiting, or weaving, the leaves of the cocoa-nut ; and for this they prefer the bright yellow leaves to the green ones. The turban drefs and tamöu are never worn by the women but at the heivas, and are called täao oöpo. Both fexes wear garlands of flowers and feathers, but no wig, or artificial coiffure. The tamöu is made from the hair of their departed relatives, and held in the highefl: eftimation ; it is feldom compofed of more than fix or nine hairs in

thicknefs, but is often five or fix fathoms long. They fometimes drefs with a garland of cocoa-nut fibres, ornamented with bits of pearl-fhell, and the nails of the thumb and fingers of their deceafed relations : thefe they ufe as mourning, and confider as very precious relics. The women have no moral, nor appropriate place of worfhip s nor are they ever prefent at their folemnities ; neverthelefs they fup-pofe they fhall be admitted to happinefs with the Eatöoa, as well as the men.

In the tattooing of men and women there is a fmall fpot on the infide of each arm, juft above the elbow, which is a mark of diftindion, and Ihews that Rich a perfon may eat or touch his father’s and mother’s food, without rendering it räa, or facred ; it is a fort of feal, that all the amöas have been performed. This is generally received when the head is made free, which is the laft amöa, except that of friendfhip and marriage. The man who does the tattooing to young or old, is called at the pleafure of the parties, and no conftraint is ever ufed. The young perfons will not fuffer him to leave off while they can endure the ftroke of the inftrument, though they make cries and lamentations as if he was killing them. The girls are always attended by fome female relations, who hold them while ftruggling under the pain of the operation, encouraging them to cry out, which they think helps to alleviate the ariguifla. When the pain becomes excelfive, and they fay they can endure no more, they ufe no compulfion. No perfon ever lifts his hand even to ftrike a child ; on the contrary, the young girls under the operation will often ftrike thofe who compaffionate them, and wifh them to fufpend the operation, as they are never efteemed women till the whole is finifhed: this fometimes lafts for a year, or'more, by intervals, from the commencement of the tattooing.

No where are children brought into the world with lefs pain or danger : the women fubmit to little or no confinement within doors, but rife and go about as ufual. The infant prefently crawls, and foon

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begins to walk, and almoft as foon to fwim. They run about entirely naked, and are remarkably healthy and active.

They are generally acquainted with the art of converfing by figns, either in public or private, and perfeól mailers of the language of the eyes.

Their voice and fpeech are foft and harmonious. Their dialect is the Italian of the South Seas, abounding with vowels, and expelling every harlli and guttural found from their alphabet: this conflits only of feventeen letters, with which they exprefs themfelves with great facility and precilion. Their pronouns are a ftriking infiance of this : thefe are different according to the number of perfons fpoken of: we, two only—we, two out of three in company—we, an indefinite number, have each a différent pronoun fpecifically marking the perfons ; and it is the fame in the others, both perfonal and polTelfive j a fingularity perhaps unknown to any other language, Cgj kq s xz they can hardly articulate, or pronounce a word into the compofition of which thefe letters enter.

In general, the ingenuity of all their works, confidering the tools they polfefs, is marvellous. Their cloth, clubs, fifhing implements, canoes, houfes, all difplay great (kill : their mourning dreffes, their war head-drefs and breaft-plates, ffiew remarkable talie : their adj uliment of the different parts, the exad fymmetry, the nicety of the joining, are admirable : and it is aflonilhing how they can with fuch cafe and quicknefs drill holes in a pearl-lhell with a fhark’s tooth, and lb fine as not to admit the point of a common pin.

The men are excellent judges of the weather from the appearance of the fky and wind, and can often foretel a change fome days before it takes place. When they are going to any diflant ifland, and lofe fight of land, they lieer by fun, moon, and liars, as true as we do by compafs. They have names for many of the fixed liars, and know their time of riling and fetting with confiderable precifion : and, what is more lingular, their names and the account

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of them refemble, in many inftances, the Grecian fables : they have the twins, or two children, their Caftor and Pollux, amp;c.

Their year confifts of thirteen months. They calculate by the lunations of the moon, and by the fun pafling and repaying over their heads. They pretend to foretel when the rains will fet in, and whether they will be more or lefs violent than common, and prepare accordingly. They know the feafons for particular fifh, and get ready j when the bread-fruit will come in feafon ; and whether the-harveft will be plentiful or fcanty, late or early. The day and night are divided into twelve equal parts, and they guefs pretty exactly what the hour is by the fun and ftars.

They reckon in numbers from one to ten, then, add m, before each number till they reach 20, reckoning onward thus : ättahäi i, ähöoroo IO J m,ättahäi it, amp;c. • täöo 20, ättahäi,täöo 21 ; and fo onto five, ërëema täöo, five twenties, or 100. But at calculation they are no adepts.

They compute difiances by the time it takes to pafs from one place to another. They meafure their fifhing-lines by the fathom, or fpan, and found depths of water as accurately as ourfelves.

The common dwellings are about eighteen feet in the ridge-tree, oblong, and rounded at the ends. The furniture confifis of a few wooden trays and fiools for making their puddings, pofis to hang their bafkets of different forts to fiore their provifions, a large chefi on which the mafier and miftrefs of the houfe often Heep, or on the floor fpread with matting and cloth, and covered with the fame ; frequently they employ a canoe-houfe jufi fufficient for their length, and too low for them to fiand erebt ; and fometimes a bedflead ; many in fine weather fleep in the open air. Their pillow is a little wooden fiool, neatly wrought out of one block I and they who have no fuch, take the fiool they fit upon in their canoes. Their ufual feat is the ground, crofs-legged I but they have feats with which they are always ready to compliment a firanger. The unmarried women fleep next their parents, and:

occupy one end of the houfe ; the unmarried men the other. The fervants ufually fleep in the women’s eating-houfe, or near it.

Their houfes are full of fleas, which harbour in the floor, and arc very troublefome ; though the natives are much lefs affèéled by them than we are : they fay they were brought to them by the Europeans. One of our miflionaries writes, he has been obliged to get up at midnight, and to run into the fea to cool himfelf, and get rid of the fwarm of difagreeable companions. This, among other caufes, has made the call for bedfleads great, as they find the comfort of this mode of fleeping. Their bed-clothes are the garments they wear, if they have no other, which is frequently the cafe with the common people and fervants, who, in that warm climate, little trouble them-felves about clothes or the care of them.

They have no partitions in their houfes ; but, it may be affirmed, they have in many inftances more refined ideas of decency than our-felves ; and one, long a refident, fcruples not to declare, that he never faw any appetite, hunger and thirft excepted,. gratified in public. It is too true, that for the fake of gaining our extraordinary curio-fities, and to pleafe our brutes, they have appeared immodeft in the extreme. Yet they lay the charge wholly at our door, and fay that Englifhmen are affiamed of nothing, and that we have led them to public adls of indecency never before praólifed among themfelves. Iron here, more precious than gold, bears down every barrier of reftraint ; honefly and modefly yield to the force of temptation.

THOUGH the world was at firft of one fpeech and one religion, all confefling Jehovah in triune exigence, the trüe tradition began foon to be obfcured. On the difperfion of mankind, gods many and lords many were created. The Eaft, amidft its thoufand deities, Hill preferved fome traces of the triune God. Whoever reads the ingenious Mr. Morris’s account of India will receive Angularly curious information on this fubjeéf. However abfurd the notions of deity and creation may appear, now retained by the Otaheiteans, the moft poliflied nations of Greece and Rome devoutly embraced equal ab-furdities. It diould afford matter of great thankfulnefs, that we have been refcued from the darknefs of idolatry. So far at leaft hath the world been indebted to Chrillianity, that wherever this hath prevailed, before it every idol hath mouldered into dull.

The deities of Otaheite are nearly as numerous as the perfons of the inhabitants. Every family has its tee, or guardian fpirit, whom they fet up, and worlhip at the morai : but they have a great god or gods of a fuperior order, denominated Fwhanow Po, born of night.

Three are held fupreme ; Handing in a height of celeftial dignity that no others can approach unto : and, what is more extraordinary, the names are perfonal appellations :

of greateft diftrefs, and feafons of peculiar exigency, fuppoling them too exalted to be troubled with matters of lefs moment than the illnefs of a chief, ftorms, devaflations, war, or any great calamity. Indeed, fear and fullering feem to be more powerful motives to worfliip than gratitude. The houfe of thefe fwhanow po is at Opârre, where the chief earie rahie refides.

The following names of other gods are colleded : Orohho, Otoo, Tamaharro, Tey’erec, Orouhatoo, Oehawhow, Tarama, Toaheite, Vaveah.

For general worfhip they have an inferior race, a kind of dii penates. Each family has its tee or guardian fpirit : he is fuppofed to be one of their departed relatives, who, for his fuperior excellencies, has been exalted to an eatooa. They fuppofe this fpirit can inflidt ficknefs or remove it, and preferve them from a malignant deity who alfo bears the name tec, and is always employed in mifchief.

They have a tradition, that once in their anger the great gods broke the whole world into pieces ; and that all the iflands around them are but little parts of what was once ‘venooa noe, the great land, of which their own ifland is the eminent part. A curious conver-fation held with Männe Manne, the high priefl, and Täatä Orëro, the orator and oracle of the country for tradition, is as follows interpreted by the Swede Andrew :

In the beginning, Täne took Tarda, and begat Avye, frefh water ; Atye, or Të Mydë, the fea; alfo Awa, the water-fpout; Matäi, the wind ; Arye, the fky ; and Pô, the night ; then Mahänna, the fun, in the fhape of a man called Oeroa Taböoa : when he was born, all his brethren and fillers turned to earth j only a daughter was left, by name Töwnoo j flie became the wife of Oeroa Taböoa, by whom flie conceived thirteen children, who are the thirteen months : i. Papeeree ; 2. Ownoonooj 3, Paroromooa; 4, Paroromoreej 5. Mooreeha; 6. Heaiha ; y. Taoa; 8. Hoorororeraj g. Flooreeama ; 10. Teayre; 11. Tetai ; 12. Waeaho ; 13. Weaha.

Töwnoo now returned to earth, and Oeroa Taböoa embraced a rock called Poppoharra Harreha, which conceived a fon named Tetoo-

boo amata hatoo ; after which the rock returned to its original date, and the father of the months himfelf died, and went to duft. The fon he left embraced the fand of the fea, which conceived a fon of the name of Tec, and a daughter called Opeera ; then he alfo died, and returned to the earth. Tee took his filler Opeera to wife, who produced a daughter Oheera, Reene, Moonoa ; the mother died, and the father furvived ; in her illnefs Ihe entreated her hufband to cure her, and lire would do the fame for him if he fell fick, and thus they might live for ever; but the hulband refufed, and preferred her daughter, whom, on her deceafe, he took for his wife. The daughter bore him three fons and three daughters : the fons, Ora, Wanoo, Tytory ; the daughters, Hennatoomorrooroo, Henaroa, Noowya. The father and mother dying, the brothers faid. Let us take our fillers to wife, and become many. So men began to multiply upon the earth.

Refpedling a future Hate, they fuppofe no perfon perilhes or becomes extindl. They allow no punifhment after death, but degrees of eminence and felicity, as men have been here moll pleafing to the deity. They regard the fpirits of their ancellors, male and female, as exalted into eatöoas, and their favour to be fecured by prayers and offerings. Every ficknefs and untoward accident they elleem as the hand of judgment for fome offence committed; and therefore, if they have injured any perfon, they fend their peace-offering, and make the matter up : and if fick, fend for the priell to offer up prayers and facrifices to pacify the offended eatöoa ; giving any thing the priells alk, as being very reluólant to die. But if they find their cafe def-perate, they take leave of their friends, and commend them to the guardian fpirits, exhorting them to be more careful of offending them than they themfelves had been. When the fpirit departs from the body, they have a notion it is fwallowed by the eatöoa bird, who frequents their burying-pkees and morais ; and paffes through him in order to be purified, and be united to the deity. And fuch are

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afterwards employed by him to attend other human beings, and to inflidl punifhment, or remove fieknefs, as fhall be judged requifite.

The evil demon named Tee has no power but upon earth ; and this he exercifes by getting into them with their food, and caufing mad-nefs or other difeafes ; but thefe they imagine their tutelar faints, if propitious, can prevent or remove.

They believe the Rars were the children of the fun and moon, attributing every fubftance to procreative power j and when the fun and moon are eclip fed, they fuppofe them in the adl of copulation ; and pretend to foretel, from their appearance at fuch times, the future events of war, ficknefs, or the like.

They imagine when a Rar flioots (as we call it), it is the Eatöoa : that in the moon there is a vaR country with trees and fruits : that a bird of Otaheite once flew up thither, and ate of the fruit ; and on his return, dropped fome of the feeds, from which a great tree fprang, of which the bird Rill eats, and of no other.

With regard to their worfhip, Captain Cook does the Otaheiteans but juRice in faying, they reproach many who bear the name of ChriRian. You fee no inRances of an Otaheitean drawing near the Eatöoa with careleflhefs and inattention ; he is all devotion ; he approaches the place of worfliip with reverential awe j uncovers when he treads on facred ground ; and prays with a fervour^that would do honour to aEetter profeflion. He firmly credits the traditions of his anceRors. None dares difpute the exiRence of deity,. They put great confidence in dreams, and fuppofe in fleep the foul leaves the body under the care of the guardian angel, and moves at large through the regions of fpirits. Thus they fay. My foul was fuch a night in fuch a place, and faw fuch a fpirit. When a perfon dies, they fay his foul is fled away, harre pö, gone to night. It is Angular, that Pomarre declared to the miflionaries that he had, before their arrival, been dreaming about; the fpeahng book^ which they Ihould bring from the Eatöoa.

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They entertain a high idea of the power of fpirits. In the beautiful and romantic view of Taloo harbour the remarkable peaked mountain is faid to be but a part of the original one. Some fpirits from Ulietea had broken off the other half, and were tranfporting it down the bay, in order to carry it away with them, but, being overtaken by the break of day, they were obliged to drop it near the mouth of the harbour, where it now Hands confpicuous as a rock ; for, like the elves and fairies of our anceftors, thefe fpirits walk and work by night.

Their fuperftitious notions of this kind are endlefs ; unhappily, their moft unnatural and cruel cuftoms are conncóted with them, and they are tenacious of the worft, fearing the neglect of thefe, though inadvertently, would bring down the difpleafure of the Eatooa upon them, and expofe them to ficknefs or death.

THE priefts at the Society Iflands are a pretty numerous body j they are in every diftriä : Männe Manne feems to be the firft among them for knowledge and traditionary information : he is alfo monarch of Ulietea by right, though an exile. Temärre, the chief of Pappara, of the feed royal, is alfo high in the facerdotal office. The priefthood is divided into two orders ; the tahowra morai, and the tahowra Eatooa. As tahowra morai, they officiate.in all the prayers and oblations made at the morals : thefe prayers are uttered in a chant that cannot be underflood, and was fuppofed to be a peculiar facred 'language ; but that is now thought to be a miflake, and the obfeurity owing to the mere manner of utterance. All the chiefs officiate as priefls on fome

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occafions, .praying for their friends when fick, making offerings at the morai, and performing other religious ceremonies.

The prieffs have plenty of employment, being called in on all occafions, births or deaths, feafts or ficknefs ; and are the phyficians as well as clergy of the country. They affeól to poffefs extraordinary powers, to promote conception or abortion, to inflid difeafes or remove them at their pleafure, and are greatly feared on that account. They are fuppofed to be able to pray the evil fpirit into the food, by rubbing a human fkull with a part of the provifions they eat ; and fometimes to kill men outright. Thus Orepiah is fuppofed to have died by Männe Manne’s conjuration. They acknowledge that over us they have no power, becaufe they know not the names of our God and our grandfather, which is neceffary. They gave us a fpecimen of their conjurors in one of our vifits to Temarre. A man prefented himfelf in an old blue coat turned up with red, his head furrounded with numerous feathers, fo as to hide his countenance entirely : he ran up to us with an unintelligible jargon, making a fqueaking noife, and adlions fo wild, that we afked if the man was delirious. The natives not feeing us at all frightened,- faid it was Temarre’s fon, the Etöoa etc, the little god, which killed Omiah and many others. Having with us a great dog, he fell upon the prieft, who fled ; at which the natives feemed terrified, and faid he would kill us. After a while, the prieft returned with a club in his hand, driving like a fury all before him, the women and children Ihrieking, and the natives trembling. On this one of the brethren jumpecf up to protedf the dog, againft whom his rage was direded, and wrefting the club from him, turned up the feathered cap, and difcovered a well-known countenance, who had run away from Mataväi after^robbing Pyetea. We immediately charged him with the theft ; on this he changed countenance, and fhewed the greateft terror. The natives interpofing in his behalf, while we were telling them of the man and his im-pofture, he gave us the flip, and fled ; fo we faw no more of him.

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affeól infpiration. Of thefc, fome pretend to belong to the particular deity, others to many : fuch as claim acquaintance with the three Superior eatöoas are the moft confequential, and procure high reverence from- the part they prefume to aóf ; indeed they do it with fo much cunning and add re fs-, that the Swedes, whom we found on the ifland, as well as the mariners who preceded them, really believed the appearances fupernatural, and that the devil actually was the agent. When- they are called upon to confult the deity they aflumc an odd fantaftic drefs, enriched with red and black* feathers ; to which they fay the Eatöoa is fo partial, that on their approach to him thusj he defeends to' the earth at their call in one of the facred birds which frequent the morals and feed on the facrifices. As foon as the bird lights on the moral, the Eatôoa quits the bird and enters the prieft; He inftantly begins to ftretch and yawn, and rub his arms, legs, thighs, and body, which begins to be inflated as if the Ikin of the abdomen would burft ; his eyes are thrown into various contortions^ fometimes flaring wide, then half clofed and finking into flupor ; while, at other times, the whole frame is agitated, and appears to have undergone fome hidden and furprifing change. The fpeech now becomes low, the voice fqueaking and interrupted; then on a hidden raifed to an aftonifhing degree. He now fpeaks intelligibly, though affeóling not to know what he faith, nor the perfons of thofe around him i but his words are regarded as oracular, and whatever he afles for the deity, or himfelf, is never refufed, if it can be poffibly procured. Of this, however, the aólor affeéts to have no confeiouf-nefs ; his colleague and affiflant, neverthelefs, takes care to minute the claims of the deity, and receives them from the perfon on whofe account the deity was fo condefeending as thus to appear : thefe -requirements are generally very large.

When the deity quits the pretended infplred tahowra, he doth it ' with fuch convulfions and violence as leave him motionlefs on the • ground, and exhaufted ; and this is contrived to be at the.moment when the facred bird, takes his flight from the moral. On-coming ,

to himfelf he utters a loud fhriek, and fcems to awake as from a profound fleep, unconfcious of every thing which hath palTed.

The priefts who fuperintend the lower orders of the people proceed nearly in the fame manner, with variations only according to their craft and abilities : among thefe are women, who officiate, though not folely, for their own fex. They think it impoffible that a child ffiould come into the world without their affiftance, though, in fad, they afford them none. People of property, when fick, will fometimes have half a dozen of thefe priefts and priefteffes praying around them, and making offerings for them; and whichever of thefe happens, in the eftimation of the fick perfon, to be the happy caufe of his recovery, is fure to be well rewarded, and ever after highly refpeded, to whatever clafs of the priefthood he may belong. Whenever a prieft vifits a perfon of confequence he carries a young plantain in his hand ; and before he enters the houfe offers a prayer, fticks a leaf of the plantain in the thatch, and throws the remainder of the tree on the roof.

Their facrifices and oblations are various and liberal. They offer to their gods all the produd of their if land, hogs, dogs, fowls, fifh, and vegetables ; and at every feaft a portion is 'prefented to the Eatöoa before they prefume to take their own repaft. When a prieft denounces the neceffity of a human facrifice, or, as on the inauguration of the king, cuftom requires fuch offerings, the manner of feleding them is by a council of the chief with the ratirras. The occafion is ftated, and the vidim pitched upon ; he is ufually a marked charader, who has been guilty of blafphemy, or fome enormous crime, or a ftranger who has fled to the diftrid for fhelter from fome other part on account- of his ill condud. The decifion of this council is kept a profound fecret, and perhaps the only one which is fo. They watch the opportunity of the night, when the culprit is afleep, and difpatch him, if poffible, with one blow of a ftone on the nape of the neck, to prevent any disfigurement of the body ; a bone of him muft not be broken, nor the corpfe mangled

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or mutilated. If a man has been bit and disfigured by a woman, he becomes nôà, unclean for ever, and can never be offered in facri-fice. The vidfim is placed in a bafket of cocoa-nut leaves faftened to a long pole, and carried in a facred canoe to the moral, when the eye is offered to the king with the ceremonies before defcribed.

If the chief and ratirras, on the requifition of the prlefts, declare they can find none deferving death in their diftriót, or refufe to provide a human facrifice, they may fubftitute a hog in his place; and it is reported, as taking off fomething from the horror of the deed, that none are pitched upon whofe lives have not been juftly forfeited by their crimes. Where there is no law, nor regular adminiftration of juftice, this mode is fubftituted to difpatch a criminal, whom his friends might refcue; but being thus executed, it is fuppofed the choice was right, and no farther notice is taken : but what a door this opens to partiality, private enmity, and revenge, is too evident and fliocking. No woman is liable to be offered at the Society Iflands, though they appear the chief vidlims at the Friendly Iflands ; nor may they, at Otaheite, be prefent at any of the religious affem-blies, partake of the offerings at the moral, or tread the confecrated ground, except on a particular occafion ; nor may they eat of any food which has been there, or touched by thofe who officiate at the altar ; and all their male attendants are in the fame ftate of unclean-nefs and feclufion.

The facred ground around the morals affords a fandtuary for criminals. Thither, on any-apprehenfion of danger, they flee, efpecially when numerous facrifices are expedled, and cannot thence be taken by force, though they are fometimes feduced to quit their'afyhim. On the inauguration of Otoo many took refuge in the precindls of the mutineers’ habitation, which was held facred as the moral, and where they enjoyed full protedfion. Our habitations will afïbrd as alfured exemption; and the whole diftridt of Mataväi being ceded to us, no more human facrifices will probably be demanded from us, and fuch an example will have the moft beneficial tendency to abolifh

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the cuftom in other diflrióls. If we fliall be enabled only to put an end to a praólice fo inhuman, and to induce the pregnant females to preferve and commit to our-nurture the infants devoted to deflruólion, we fhall acknowledge this alone would amply reward us for the labours of love in which we are engaged.

WHEN a woman takes a hufband, flic immediately provides hcrfelf with a fhark’s tooth, which is fixed with the bread-fruit gum on an infiniment that leaves about a quarter of an inch of the tooth bare, for the purpofe of wounding the head, like a lancet. Some of thefe have two or three teeth, and flruck forcibly they bring blood in copious flreams j according to the love they bear the party, and the. violence of their grief, the flrokes are repeated on the head ; and this has been known to bring on fever, and terminate in madnefs. If any accident happens to the hufband, his relations or friends, or their child, the fhark’s tooth goes to work ; and even if the child only fall down and hurt itfelf, the blood and tears mingle together. As the child, from the moment of his birth, fucceeds to all the honours and dignity of his family, any infult offered to him is felt more deeply by the parents than if offered to themfelves. Should the child die, the houfe is prefently filled with relations, cutting their heads and making the loudefl lamentations.

On .this occafion, in addition to other tokens of grief, the parents cut their hair fhort on one part of their heads, leaving the refl long.

Sometimes this is confined to a fquarc patch on the foreltead ; at others they leave that, and cut off all the reft : fometimes a bunch is left over both ears, fometimes over one only ; and fometimes one half is clipped quite clofe, and the other left to grow long : and thefe tokens of mourning are fometimes prolonged for two or three years.

Their marriages are performed without ceremonies, but various are thofe which fucceed. If a woman be a virgin, the father and mother perform an amöoa, or offering, of a hog or fowl, and plantain-tree, to their fon-in-law, before they can touch any of his provifions ; but not if a widow, or feparated from a former huff and. The wife’s relations make a prefent of hogs, cloth, amp;c, to the new-married pair. As they agree, they live either on the hufband or wife’s eftate; but if they part, each retains their own.

The feparation of the women from their huffands on a particular occafion. Dr. Gillham had once the opportunity of remarking. Going into the hut of his tayo, named Poppo, very early, he obferved him laid alone on the bedftead, and his wife lying on the floor. Inquiring the reafon, Poppo informed him, it was becaufe Ihe was at prefent under the Otaheitean feminine infirmity.

When a woman brings forth a child, a kind of hut is raifed within the houfe with matting and cloth; heated ftones are then placed, with fweet herbs and grafs fpread over them ; on thefe water is fprinkled, and flie is clofe ihut up in the fteam which rifes, till ihe is in a proper perfpiration, and can endure the heat no longer ; from this vapour-bath Ihe comes out and plunges into the river, and wafliing herfelf all over puts on her clothes, and takes the child to the morai. This file afterwards repeats, and often brings on the ague ; nor could they be perfuaded to defift from fo prepofterous a cuftom, fuch being the force of pre] udice.

The child being waflied, is taken with the mother to the family morai ; where, after the father hath made an offering of a young pig or fowl, with a plantain-tree, the navel-ftring is feparated, about ten inches being left, by one of the priefts, who always attends, and

is paid for the operation by a hog, or cloth. A temporary houfe is ereéled on the facred ground adjoining the moral, and what is cut off from the child is buried at the morai. In this houfe mother and child dwell till the reft of the navel-ftring drops off, which may be depofited in the houfe, or at the morai. During this time of feclufion, which is for a male infant a fortnight, and for a female three weeks, the mother touches no provifions herfelf, but is fed by another ; and Ihould any perfon touch the child during this time, he muft undergo the fame reftridtions till the amöoa is performed, of a young pig, or a fowl, for the mother, which finilhes this feparation for uncleannefs. The child is then removed to another temporary houfe on the facred ground, near the houfe in which the father and mother re'fide ; but they may not touch the child in the fame clothes in which they eat their provifions. To take off this reftridlion, a fécond amöoa muft be performed by the father and uncles, and a third by the mother and aunts ; a fourth, before the child returns to the houfe where the father and uncles eat; a fifth, on the fame account for the mother and aunts. If the child is a male, thefe are all till he is adopted by a medooa, or godfather, when another amöoa is performed J but if a female, two yet remain ; one when fhe is married, that the father and uncles may eat with her hufband, and of fuch provifions as he has touched, which otherwife they could not : the next, that the mother and aunts may touch the fon-in-law’s provifions, though they may not eat with him. Thefe laft are called fwatatoe. Hogs and cloth are the offering for the males, for the females only fifh. Of thefe rites they are in no wife fparing, and much feftivity attends them.

If the child touches any thing before thefe rites are performed, it muft be wholly appropriated to their ufe, being räa or facred ; and if any thing touches the child’s head before the amöoa is offered, it muft be depofited in a confecrated place railed in for that purpofe at the child’s houfe ; and if it were the branch of a tree, as fometimes happens in carrying it about, the tree muft be cut down j and if in 3

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its fall it injures another tree, fo as to penetrate the bark, that tree alfo mull be cut down as unclean and unfit for ufe.

The head is always regarded as facred, though, after the ceremonies are performed, thefe demands ceafc; but they never carry any thing upon their heads, nor can bear to have them touched without offence; and the cuttings of their hair are buried at the morai.

Both fexes go naked till they are fix or feven years of age ; about thirteen or fourteen the operation of tattooing the males begins, and earlier for the females. The inftruments employed for tattooing a chief, or head of a family, are always fent to the morai, and deftroyed as foon as the work is completed. The females mark their hands and feet with a number of fmall figures, and their hips with arched lines, guided wholly by fancy as to their number and thicknefs ; but the men tattoo their arms, legs, and thighs, as well as the buttocks ; and a perfon without thefe honourable marks would be as much reproached and Ihunned, as if with us he fhould go about the ftreets naked. At thirteen or fourteen years of age the boys have an operation performed, by flitting up the prepuce with a fhark’s tooth, and allies are fprinkled on the wound ; it is at their own option when they choofe to have it done. The tattoo-men perform the incifion, and receive a pig, or piece of cloth, for their trouble.

They bathe conftantly three times a day in the frelh water, and always wafli themfelves in it after coming out of the fea; and though men and women are together, there is not the leaft immodefty permitted, and they flip through their clothes without any wanton ex-pofures—it would be condemned in a man as much as a woman. In their dances alone is immodefty permitted ; there it appears the elFedl of national habit or cuftom, as no perfon could ever be prevailed upon to do in any private company what, when they dance in public, is allowed without fcruple. In faét, though chaftity and modefty are not held in the fame eftimation with them as with us, yet many of their married women are faid to pique themfelves on its ftrid obferv-

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ance, and are not to be won at any rate, being only acceffible to the -hulband’s tayo.

The fingle young men, who in the heivas indulge indecent geftures, would not dare to do fo at any other time ; and however ftrangely the women adl in public dances, no woman of charadler would admit of improper liberties elfewhere.They never uncover their breafts but when they bathe, nor their bofom and fhoulders but in the prefence of the chief. Their ideas, no doubt, of fhame and delicacy are very different from ours ; they are not yet advanced to any fuch Rate of civilization and refinement ; but the woman who failed with the fhip foon became as referved in manners and drefs as any European j and the progrefs made in the ifland by the mifiionaries in this refpeól when the fhip returned, was evident and pleafing.

If a woman has any defect or deformity, fhe carefully conceals it ; and when they go into the water they take with them broad leaves to fupply the place of cloth. Their confiant bathing prevents every difagreeable fmell from perfpiration, and their mouth and teeth being waflied at every meal, preferves their teeth white and their breath fweet.

They extract every hair from the nofe, arm-pits, amp;c. to prevent its harbouring any dufi or foulnefs. Their beards are ufually neatly trimmed with fliells, and their hair fhort or long, according to their fancy. The women, except thofe who affedf to be prophetefles, wear their hair fhort and decked with flowers, paying the nicefi regard to their perfons. They adjufi their brows and eyelafhes, clipping them if too long, and forming the eyebrows into regular arches. Nor are the men lefs attentive to their perfons, and will fit at the glafs dreffing with the greatefi complacence. A black cocoa-nut fhell filled with water ferved them for a looking-glafs, till we fupplied them with what they fo highly prized. Filh fcales, or fliells, formed their tweezers, the fhark’s teeth their feiffars, and the bamboo their combs. The fragrant oil fupplies the place of pomatum, and powder

and civet can hardly furnifli greater beaus. At their heivas they put on their beft, and drefs in the moft tafty manner fancy can fuggeft. Both fexes have their ears bored for ornaments ; in them they wear pearls, or beads, hanging down about two inches in a plait of hair; fometimes the hole of the ear is ftuck with an odoriferous flower. They have pearls which they value very highly ; and at firft our white beads, which refemble them, were much coveted ; but when they found they were fpoiled with water, they ceafed to be in demand. As long as they are able to move, they never negleót bathing; the old, who can fcarcely crawl, get down to the river ; nor does any ficknefs or difeafe prevent them ; nothing but utter inability rc-ftrains them from the water.

They produce fire in the following manner : with their teeth, or a mufcle-fhell, they fharpen a ftick of porou wood, and fixing a larger piece of the fame under their feet, they with both hands and a quick motion rub a fcore in the board at their feet till the duft produced takes fire ; they have dried leaves or grafs ready, into which they fweep this tinder duft, and wrapping it up, wave it in the wind till it kindles into a flame : while they are rubbing they continue finging, or chanting a hymn or prayer, till the fire is produced, in about two minutes if the wood be completely dry. In wet weather this is a difficult talk, and therefore they ufually then carry about with them fire, which in the dry weather they need not do. The women are not fuffered to kindle a fire from that made by their hulbands, or any other man, except thofe feminine male aflb-ciates which attend them, and are fubjeót to the fame rules.

They never fuffer a fly to touch their food if they can help it ; and Ihould they find one dead in their puddings, or any of their provifions, which fometimes cannot be avoided, they throw it to the hogs. Hence they all carry fly-flaps ; thefe are ufually made of feathers, and fixed to a handle of wood ten or twelve inches long, fometimes carved, fometimes plain. The wing bones of the largeft fowls, when cleaned, are ufed for handles ; and if they have not thefe, they

fupply their place by a bough from the neareft tree. Whenever you enter a houfe, or approach a place where provifions are preparing, this is the firft thing they offer you. When the provifions are dreffed and hot before you, the boys continue to fan away the flies with fly-flaps, nothing being more offenfive or difagreeable than that a fly fhould get into their mouths î and their averfion to touch them with their hands is fuch, that fhould a dead fly be found on any part of their body, they would go inftantly to the river and wafh themfelves. Thefe flies at times are numerous, but not fo venomous as the muflcetoes in the Weft Indies : they are of two forts, the common black fly, and a gray one of the fame fize, which fometimes flings fharply. They have alfo butterflies, butterfly moths, muf-ketoes, lizards, fcorpions, centipedes, beetles, crickets, grafshoppers, fmall ants, fand-flies, and others; but neither dangerous nor very troublefome.

The middle-aged of all clafTes generally take a nap at noon, during the heat of the day. To this the yava, among thofe who drink it, does not a little difpofe. The aged, as more watchful, need not this indulgence; and the youth, too lively to fleep during the daylight, find always fomq fport or amufement to employ them.

During the night, if ftrangers lodge with them, they burn the candle-nut, ftuck on fkewers, that they may find their way in and out of the houfe without incommodation from thofe who fleep on the floor, fometimes to the amount of fifty or fixty perfons. Nor was it unufual to get up and have provifions ready in the night ; and fome fit and chat, and tell ftories, with which they are always delighted. We obferved that thofe which regarded us, and our European manners and cuftoms, lefs interefted them than their own, as their minds were not enlarged to a capacity of comprehending the reports which w’ere made, and thefe too often fabulous. One navigator told them, we had fhips as much larger than his as that was bigger than their fmalleft canoes ; that we had veffels which would reach from Otaheitc to Ulietëa, about forty-five leagues ; and of fo vaft a height,

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that a young man going to the topmaft-head grew gray before he came down again ; that our round tops contained forefts of fruit-trees bigger than the bread-fruit. Pomärre very earneftly preffed Captain Wilfon to fay if it was true; but though undeceived in this refpeét, they are as much ftaggered at hearing of a houfe of ftone of ten ftories, or a bridge over a river of the fame materials, as wide as would fpan the narrow part of their valleys from mountain to mountain. Such gigantic ideas exceed the fcope of their intellect ; but whatever was related of the Marquefas, or Tongataboo, their inhabitants, country, manners, trees, canoes, was heard with the greateft avidity, and always drew an audience about the relator, beyond even their favourite national ftories.

They lay not the leaft reftraint upon their children from the day they are born; being the head of their families, they are indulged in every thing : they have their own amufements, called heiva tama rëede ; as they grow up and advance to manhood thefe are generally abandoned ; but none are controlled by any authority, and any one may continue in them if he pleafes.

Though in fome refpedls they are not at all delicate, yet in con-fequence of their frequent bathings, in the largeft companies there is nothing offenfive but the heat. Here, as elfewhere, there are fome who make a trade of beauty, and know too how to make their advantage of it, having a number of pimps and bawds, nominal relations, who agree for and receive the price of proftitution ; but if a perfon is the tayo of the.hulband, he mull: indulge in no liberties with the fillers or the daughters, becaufe they are confidered as his own fillers or daughters, and incefl is held in abhorrence by them ; nor will any temptation engage them to violate this bond of purity. The wife, however, is excepted, and confidered as common I property for the tayo. Lieutenant Corner alfo added, that a tayolhip formed between dilferent fexes put the moll folemn barrier againll all perfonal liberties. Our brethren who are returned, however.

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think this not to be the cafe ; or that they have, fince his vilit, degenerated, The women of quality allow themfelves greater liberties than their inferiors ; and many of the arreoy women pride themfelves on the number of their admirers, and live in a fearfully promifcuous intercourfe. Few children can be the confequence, and thefe are univerfally murdered the moment they are born. Yet, with all this, many are true and tender wives; their large families prove their facred attachment to the individual with whom they are united ; and our European failors who have cohabited with them have declared, that more faithful and alFeólionate creatures to them and their children could no where be found. The hiftory of Peggy Stewart marks a tendernefs of heart that never will be heard without emotion : fhe was daughter of a chief, and taken for his wife by Mr. Stewart, one of the unhappy mutineers. They had lived with the old chief in the moft tender Rate of endearment ; a beautiful little girl had been the fruit of their union, and was at the bread; when the Pandora arrived, feized the criminals, and fecured them in irons on board the Ihip. Frantic with grief, the unhappy Peggy (for fo he had named her) flew with her infant in a canoe to the arms of her hufband. The interview was fo affedling and afflidling, that the officers onboard were overwhelmed with anguiffi, and Stewart himfelf, unable to bear the heart-rending fcene, begged fhe might not be admitted again on board. She was feparated from him by violence, and conveyed on fhore in a Rate of defpair and grief too big for utterance. Withheld from him, and forbidden to come any more on board, fhe funk into the deepeR dejection ; it preyed on her vitals ; fhe loR all relilh for food and life ; rejoiced no more ; pined under a rapid decay of two months, and fell a vidtim to her feelings, dying literally of a broken heart. Her child is yet alive, and the tender objedl of our care, having been brought up by a RRer, who nurfed it as her own, and has dif-charged all the duties of an affeâionate mother to the orphan infant.

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tail, the hair of which they employ in their fine breaft-plates j and the women often not only fondle the puppies, but fuckle them at their breafts.

The women are not permitted to eat with the men, nor may they drink out of the fame cup. Many kinds of food are utterly forbidden them} and thofe which they may ufe, are gathered and drefled by therafelves, or by thofe feminine male affociates who wait upon them, and live with them. If a man touch their peculiar food, they are obliged to throw it away. No reprefentation of a woman is permitted at any of their morais.

But of all their cuftoms, thofe marked with greateft horror are the infant murders committed in the arreoy fociety, and of female children, too common out of it i their human facrifices, and their abominable mawhoos ; thefe, with the wars fo frequent, and the difeafes which deftroy the very principle of life, threaten to depopulate a country, fruitful as the garden of the Hefperides j and they mull, if our labours do not fuceeed, become in the next generation extinél, without fire from heaven.

A pradlice of a kind fo abominably filthy as fcarce to be credited, was communicated by the Swede, and confirmed by one of the Otaheiteans who was prefent—that there had been a fociety at Otaheitc and Eimëo, who, in their meetings, always ate human excrement, but that it had been fupprelTed by the other natives of Otaheite.

They have a mode of lulling themfelves to reft ; the hufband and wife, when they lie down, take their pipe of three notes, which they blow with their noftrils j one plays whilft the other chants in unifon with it} and this they continue alternately till they fall afleep.

Their generofity is boundlefs, and appears exceffive ; the in fiances our brethren record are furprifing. Not only cart-loads of provifion more than they could confume were fent in for the whole body, but individuals have received the moft furprifing abundance, without any adequate return even expeóled or fuggefted. To one of the miffionaries

was given as a prefent a double canoe, with a travelling houfe, three large pearls, a fine feine, a beautiful feathered breaft-plate, two large hogs, fandal wood, cloth, and fine mats in abundance, with various other things ; and fimilar inftances may be obferved in the narrative.

They have not always regular meals j but ufually eat as foon as they rife at daybreak. Some are very voracious, efpecially the chiefs. Pomarre hath eaten a couple of fowls, and two pounds, at lead, of pork, befides other things, at a meal with us on board. The chiefs all live luxurioufly : they only work for their amufement ; have more wives than one amidfl the fcarcity of women ; drink daily the yava ; when they fleep are fanned and chafed by their women ; and often fit up great part of the night at their heivas and entertainments.

They have a very fimilar way of exprelfing their joy as well as • forrow; for whether a relation dies, or a dear friend returns from a journey, the fhark’s tooth inftrument, with which every woman furniflies herfelf at her marriage, is again employed, and the blood ftreams down. As our brethren fignified their utter difapprobation of thefe felf-inflided cruelties, they prevailed with the natives to fufpend for us, at leaft, fuch tokens of delight ; and taught them to Ihake hands, or welcome us with fmiles, inftead of ftreams of blood.

Among the moft uncommon cuftoms, we may add the diftionour and difrefpedl paid to old age. The advanced in years are thruft afide, and receive little or no attention. Even the reverend Otey (formerly Whappai, and called by Vancouver, Taow), with his venerable white beard, the father of Pomärre, and the grandfather of Otoo, was fcarcely noticed by them ; they would hardly permit him to enter the cabin when on board; and unlefs the captain exprefsly called to him, they kept him alongfide in his canoe. One of our old feamen was often the objedt of their ridicule. In difcourfe, when any thing refufe was mentioned, they called it “ old man.” At Tongataboo we noticed the very reverfe : in the prefence of the aged the younger perfons obferved a moft refpeólful filence.

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Their mode of falutation is very different from ours : they touch nofes ; and wonder that we can exprefs affèólion by wetting one another’s faces with our lips.

In war they praétife no difcipline, and are under no obligation to fight longer than they like ; and it is much lefs difgraceful to run away from an enemy with whole bones, than to fight and be wounded ; for this, they fay, would prove a man rather foolifh than warlike. Except a man has killed an enemy, he is not efteemed a warrior ; and though they dread a fear as difhonourable, they fight with a fury bordering on madnefs, as they know the lofs of a battle would be the lofs of all their property, which, though of incon-fiderable value, they are reluâant to be deprived of, not fo much from any covetous defire of pofTeffing, as from their priding themfelves on their generofity, and having fomething to give ; and this they do with a grace that adds ftill more to the favour.

When a perfon of eminence dies, even if a child of the fuperior clafs, he is preferved, and not buried, unlefs he died of fome contagious or offenfive difeafe. They take out the vifeera, and dry the body with cloth, anointing it within and without with the perfumed oil ; and this is frequently repeated. The perfon who performs this office is counted unclean, and may not touch provifions or feed him-felf for a month. The relations and friends who are abfent, perform their part of the funeral rites at their arrival, each female prefenting a piece of cloth to the corpfe j and they continue to drefs and decorate the body as if alive, and to furniffi it with provifions, fuppofing that the foul which hovers round receives fatisfaétion from fuch marks of attention ; they therefore not only take care of it thus, but repeat before it fome of the tender feenes which happened during their lifetime, and wiping the blood which the ffiark’s teeth has drawn, depofit the cloth on the tupapow, as the proof of their affeótion. Whilft any offenfive fmell remains, they furround the corpfe with garlands of flowers, and bring the fweet-feented oil to anoint it.

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'If a chief dies, he is carried round the ifland to the diflridls where he had property, or where his particular friends refide j and the funeral ceremony is repeated : after a tour of fome months, he returns to reft at the place of his ufual refidence. Some bodies are preferved like dried parchment j others, when the flefli is mouldered away, after lying on the tupapow, are buried.

The preferved corpfes are called tupapow mure, and kept above ground ; and thefe, in war, are as liable to be taken prifoners as the living, and are as great a trophy as an enemy flain in battle. The man who takes the body aflumes the chieftain’s name ; therefore, in time of invafion, thefe are generally the firfl things conveyed to the mountains, as a place of fecurity ; thither, alfo, they carry Captain Cook’s picture, the lofs of which would be efleemed as affliclive as that of a chief ; and the conquerors might lay claim to the diflriä: allotted to him, according to their laws of fucceffion.

The priefls never pray over the dead, unlefs they die of fome infedlious diforder, and then they entreat him to bury the difeafe with him in the grave, and not inflid it on any other perfon when he is fent back as an eatöoa. They throw a plantain-tree into the grave, and bury with him, or burn, all his utenfils, that no perfon may be infedted by them.

They bury none in the raorai, but thofe offered in facrifice, or flain in battle, or the children of chiefs which have been firangled at the birth—an a6l of atrocious inhumanity too common. When, at lafl, after the flefh is confumed above ground, they bury the bones, they often preferve the fkull, as a. precious relic, wrapping it in cloth, and keeping it with great care in a frame or box in their houfe, as a teflimony of their affedion.

When any friend, or a flranger, vifits a family, he is received with the mofl cordial welcome. The mafler and mifhrefs, and perhaps all in the houfe, call out, and repeat it, Mannöwwa, welcome j to which the vifitor replies, Harre mïnay, I am coming : thofe of the

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houfe anfwer, Yöurana t’Eatöoa, God biefs you ; to which the reply is, Täyeeay, here, and then fits down. The occafion of his vifit and his wiflies are demanded by the mafler of the family, and anfwered with the greateft franknefs, Inftantly preparation is made of a pig, or fowl, to entertain the firanger ; and if it is more than can be eaten, it is put into a bafket, and fent with him home : meantime, whatever he requefis is given, if in the power of the hofi ; and if not, he fends round to his friends and neighbours to procure it : this alfo is accompanied with a prefent of cloth and perfumed oil, or fomething which hath cofi them labour, as they fay provifions come fpontaneoufly, and are to be made little ftore of ; but what is manu-fadlured, or obtained with toil, is beft fuited to be given or received as prefents. If any perfon fneezes, they ufe the fame falutation, God biefs you, yöurana t’Eatöoa.

They never return thanks, nor feem to have a word in their language expreflive of that idea. Should they not meet with a cordial welcome, they would fay fo without fcruple to the next perfon they vifited, which would be highly difgraceful to the offender, as their eftablifhed law of hofpitality is to entertain all ftrangers ; and many make the tour of the ifland for months together, fure to find every where a cordial reception.

When a chief, or ftranger of rank, vifits them from another ifland, all the men of his own ftation in life prefent their ootdoo, or peaceoffering. He is feated in the houfe of ftrangers, fcveral being ereéled. for this very purpofe, vaft and fpacious ; the chiefs of the diftriél aflemble round him, with a prieft, who makes a long prayer, or oration; and having feveral young plantain-trees, he ties a bunch of red feathers to one of them, and with a pig or fowl, lays it at the ftranger’s feet, who takes the feathers, and fticks them in his ear, or his hair. The priefts of the inferior fecondary chiefs repeat a like offering, and a feaft is immediately provided, with prefents of cloth, hogs, amp;c. If a ratirra vifits, he will ftill find a more numerous body to receive him; and though the feaft may not be as fumptuous, there are a

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fo many to welcome him of his own rank, that he may hay a month in a dihridf, and vifit round every day : indeed they are feldom in hafte. Nor are the lower clafles lefs hofpitable according to their ability ; and every where there is fuch plenty of food and raiment, that’ fome of them continue wandering over the ifland for many years together, and never find lack of fuftenance.

From one caufe or another, they frequently change their names ; fo that a perfon abfent from them a few years, would be at a lofs to find out thofe with whom he was beft acquainted, unlefs he met them. The names of places and things are continued, unlefs they happen to confift of fyllables containing the king’s name, in which cafe, during his lifetime, they are changed, but at his death the common name is refumed.

They have an averfion to compare the fize of any food to a perfon’s head, and regard this as a fpecies of blafphemy and infult. A hand laid on the head would be a high offence. One of thofe feamen who refided on the ifland, a brute, in outrage of their cuftoms, would carry provifions on his head, and was regarded with horror as a cannibal : they have even different names for the head of a hog, a dog, a bird, a fifti.

If a man eats in a houfe with a woman, he takes one end, and fhe the other, and they fleep in the middle. If a woman has a child, the provifions for it muft not come in at the fame door with the mother’s ; but there is an opening like a window, through which they are received ; and it would be reckoned beaftly in the higheft degree for her to eat whilft fhe is fuckling her child. When they travel, their provifions muft be carried in feparate canoes.

The cuftom of uncovering before the chiefs is univerfal. We have introduced, however, it is faid, a mode of evading it : if any man or woman be clothed in a fhirt, or coat, of European cloth, or has a hat of our manufadlure, he is not obliged to be unclothed : it fuffices if he removes the piece of Otaheite cloth which is over his flioulders.

THEIR life is without toil, and every man at liberty to do, go, and ad as he pleafes, without the diftrefs of care, or apprehenfion of want ; and as their leifure is great, their fports and amufements are various.

Of thefe, fwimming in the furf appears to afford them fingular delight. At this fport both fexes are very dexterous; and the diverfion is reckoned great in proportion as the furf runs higheft, and breaks with the greateft violence : they will continue at it for hours together, till they are tired. Some make ufe of a fmall board, two feet and a half, or more, formed with a fharp point, like the forepart of a canoe ; but others ufe none, and depend wholly on their own dexterity. They fwim out beyond where the fweli of the furf begins, which they follow as it rifes, throwing themfelves on the top of the wave, and fleering themfelves with one leg, whilfl the other is raifed out of the water, their breafl repofing on the plank, and one hand moving them forward, till the furf begins to gather way : as the rapidity of its motion increafes, they are carried onward with the mofl amazing velocity, till the furf is ready to break on the fliore, when, in a moment, they fleer thernfelves round with fo quick a movement as to dart head foremofl through the wave, and rifing on the outfide, fwim back again to the place where the furf firfl begins to fwell, diving all the way through the waves, which are running furioufly on the fliore.

In the courle of this amufement they fometimes run foul of each other, when many are fwimming together ; thofe who are coming on not being able to flop their motion, and thofe who are moving the

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contrary xvay, unable to keep their fufficient diftance, fo that they are carried together by the rulhing wave, and hurled neck and heels on il l ore before they can difembarrafs themfelves, and get well brui fed on their landing. The women are excellent at this fport ; and Iddeah, the queen mother, is reckoned the moft expert in the whole ifland. The children take the fame diverfion in a weaker furf, learning to fwim as foon as they learn to walk, and feldom meet with any accident, except being daflied on the beach ; but hardly ever a perfon is drowned. If a fhark comes in among them, they all furround him, and force him on fhore, if they can but once get him into the furf, though they ufe no inftruments for the purpofc; and fhould he efcape, they continue their fport, unapprehenfive of danger. This diverfion is moft common when the wefterly winds prevail, as they are always attended with a heavy fwell, which continues many days after the bad weather is abated.

Their amufements on fhore are, throwing the fpear, or javelin, fhooting with bows and arrows, wreffling, dancing, and feveral other games ; at all which the women have their turn as well as the men j but they always play feparately from each other.

The javelins are from eight to fourteen feet long, and pointed with the fwharra, or palm-tree. Thefe they hurl at a mark fet up at the diftance of thirty or forty yards, with great exadnefs. They hold the fpear in the right hand, and poife it over the fore-finger of the left. At this game one diflrid often plays againft another, but never for any wager, only the diftrid in which they play provides an entertainment.

Their bows are made of porow, and their arrows of fmall bamboos, pointed with töa wood, which they fix on with bread-fruit gum. The bow-firings are made of the bark of the roava ; with thefe they fhoot againfi each other, not at a mark, but for the greatefi difiance. They never ufe this infirument in war; and the clothes they wear on this occafion are facred to the game, and never worn at any other time. Since they have learned the ufe of more defirudive weapons,

the guns, which they have procured from us, they are faid to have become excellent markfmen.

They are dexterous wreftlers. When they challenge each other they ftrike the bend of the left arm with the right hand, and if lefthanded, reverfe it. The arm being bent, receives the hand on its cavity, and makes a loud report. The man who returns the clap, accepts the challenge, and throws both arms forward, as if to lay hold of his antagonift. The ring is immediately formed, and they clofe with each other. As foon as the ftruggle iffues in the fall of either, he filently retires, nor incurs any difgrace, and the conqueror goes clapping round the ring. If they wreftle one diftriót againft another, the women always wreftle firft, and the men fucceed. At this, Iddeah, the queen-mother, excels; and when the party is won or loft, the women of the victorious diftriCl ftrike up a dance. Iddeah is ufually miftrefs of the ceremonies, and appoints the number of falls which ftiall be made : the party which gains that number firft, is adjudged the victor; and the vanquifhed exprefs not the leaft diflatisfaCtion. In general, the women bear their foils worfe than the men, and betray moft figns of anger at being worfted.

They frequently exercife at quarter-ftaff; and are very expert at defending their head, and all other parts of their body : this they praClife from their tendereft age. The fcience of defence is a chief object; for a wound in war confers no honour, but rather difgrace; therefore they always hide the fear, if poftibic.

They praClife the fling for amufement, as well as employ it in battle, and throw a ftone with great force and tolerable exaCtnefs.. Their flings are made from the plaited fibres of the cocoa-nut hulk, having a broader part to receive the ftone : at one end is a loop for the hand, in order to keep the fling faft when they difeharge the ftone. In charging the fling they hold it round their fhoulders, keeping the ftone faft in it with their left thumb, and jumping, fwing the fling three times round their heads, holding the left hand grafped on the

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wrift of the right, and thus difcharge the Rone with a force fufficient to enter the bark of a tree at two hundred yards diftance ; the hone flying at an equal diftance from the ground, like a bullet, all the way.

Their dances are various. The heiva is performed by men and women in feparate parties. The women are moft gracefully drefled, . and keep exadt time with the müße during the performance, obferving a regular movement both of hands and feet, though nothing refembling our dances. The heiva is ufually performed by torch-light. The manner is exadlly reprefented in Cook’s Voyages. They generally dance under cover ; but, by day, before the houfes, unlefs it rains, having large mats fpread on the grafs. The women’s drefs is a long white petticoat of fine cloth, with a red border, and a red ftripe about ten inches from the bottom ; a kind of veft, or corflet, made of white or coloured cloth, comes clofe up under the arms, and covers the breafts ; to this they attach two bunches of black feathers at the point of each breaft ; fevcral taftels of the fame hang round the waift, and fall as low as the knees. Two or three red or black feathers on each fore-finger fupply the place of rings. On the back, from the Ihoulder to the hip, are fixed two large pieces of cloth neatly plaited, like a fan or furbelow, and edged with red. Their heads are ornamented with the tamou, or vaft braids of human hair wrapped round like a turban, and ftuck full of fragrant and beautiful flowers, intermixed with beads and fhark’s teeth : our fine writingpaper was alfo fometimes applied in addition to thefe ornaments.

A mafter of ceremonies directs the movements of the dancers i and when the women retire, their places are fupplied by a chorus, who fing with the mufic, or by aótors, who perform pantomimes, feizing the manners of their European vifitors, which they imitate in great perfection ; not fparing the conduct of their own chiefs, when objeds of fatire ; which ferves as a falutary check and admonition; for if they are faulty, they are fure to be publicly expofed.

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and in front, the back being fcreencd by matting of cocoa-nut leaves : round the ends and in front of the houfe there is a low railing of about a foot in height, within which the performers exhibit ; and without, the audience fit or hand ; the area before the houfe and the floor are all covered with matting.

Any number of women may perform at once ; but as the drefs is very expenfive, feldom more than two or four dance ; and when this is done before the chief, the dreffcs are prefented to him after the heiva is finifhed ; and thefe contain thirty or forty yards of cloth, from one to four yards wide.

The ponnara, or evening dance, is performed by any number of women, of any age or defcription, who chufe to attend at the place appointed, which is ufually the cool fliade. They are dreffed in their befi; apparel, and their heads decorated with wreaths of flowers. They divide into two equal parts, about twenty yards diftant, and placing themfelves in rows oppofite to each other, a fmall green bread-fruit is brought by way of a football. The leading dancer of one party takes this in her hand, and, ftepping out about midway, drops it before her, and fends it with her foot to the oppofite row, returning to her place ; if the ball efcapes, without being flopped in its courfe before it touches the ground, they flrike up the dance and fing, beating time with their hands and feet j this lafls about five minutes, when they prepare to receive, the ball from the other party who have flood flill ; if they catch the ball, they return it again ; if it efcape them, the other party dance in their turn. After thus amufing themfelves and the fpeólators for fome hours, the ball is kicked away, and both parties flrike up together. It is at this time they ufe the lewd gef-tures defcribed by fome of our voyagers ; but thefe only are praólifed by the young and wanton, who (fays the reporter) are no more to be taken for the flandard of manners than the ladies in the Strand, or the ' fea-nymphs at Spithead, would be fpecimens of our fair countrywomen.

THE country abounds in every thing neceffary for tbe fufte-nance of its inhabitants. They have multitudes of hogs, which breed rapidly, and fome of a very large fort : dogs are highly relilhed ; and rats are numerous and troublefome ; common fowls are in great abundance. Thefe, with the birds, conftitute the chief of their animal food.

■'We had made an effort to increafe their flock, but with little fuccefs. The mare only is yet alive at Ulietêa, but the horfe is dead. In their wars the cattle were carried to Eimeo the bull is deflroyed, and the cows grown wild. The breed of flieep perilhed. They made attempts to drefs the beef and mutton j but having no mode but burning them as the hogs, and baking them in their ovens, the hide was tough as leather, and the tafle highly offonfive ; this made them negleéled and defpifed. The goats have had better fpeed, but are difliked for their fmell and the mifchief they do the cloth plantations, and are fo inferior to their hogs and dogs, as never to be eaten by the natives ; they are chiefly driven to the mountains. The cats multiply, and are ufeful. We have lately endeavoured to repair the breed of flieep, and though the befl ram died, there is a profpeól of their increafe under our care, unlefs deflroyed by the natives or their dogs. A nefl of rabbits has been produced, and they can hardly fail of fpreading. We have ducks alfo, but they have not yet well fucceeded. A bull fent to Eimeo would continue the breed, though the natives dare not approach the cows, which are grown wild on the mountains. The fame fate attended the vegetables, which the former voyagers carried thither, as the animals. Not having patience to let them ripen, and

tafting them when green, they defpifed the grapes, and trod them under foot ; and the pines had hardly a better iffue ; but the latter are now cultivated, and, under our care, will foon be a valuable acceffion to their ftock of fruits. The Indian corn would ripen every three months, if they thought it worth their pains. Our brethren will probably greatly increafe the number of culinary articles, though the natives have already abundance, and care not for any additions.

Fifh they take of many forts and in great plenty : and they have fsch a profufion of roots, fruits, and vegetables, as can fcarcely be enumerated : the greater part growing fpontaneoufly, and needing neither labour nor culture. The principal of thefe is the o o R o o, or bread-fruit. This beautiful, ufeful, and highly efteemed vegetable feems peculiar to the Pacific Ocean, and is in its higheft perfeótion at Otaheite. The tree is of the fize of a middling oak, which in its branching it greatly refembles ; the leaves, however, are more like thofe of the fig-tree, both in colour and fubftance ; they are a foot and a half in length, of an oblong form, the edges deeply indented, and the ribs yielding, when broken, a white milky juice ; from the bark, or .ftock, a ftrong black gum exudes, which ferves them inftead of pitch for the canoes, and as birdlime to catch the fmaller birds s and which, by tapping, might be produced in great quantities. The tree is of quick growth, Ihoots. again when cut down, and bears fruit in about four years. This moft plentiful and nutritious food grows as large as a man’s two fifts. Its fur face is rough like net-work j the ficin is thin ; the core but fmall ; the intermediate part, which is eaten, white, and very like the confiftence of the crumb of a new-baked roll. It is divided like an apple, and the core taken out, and then roafted in their oven, when its tafte is very fimilar to the crumb of the fineft wheaten bread, with a flight fweetnefs, as from a mixture of the Jerufalem artichoke. Befides furnifhing the moft nutritive food, and in the greateft abundance, this tree claims pre-eminence, as affording from its bark the moft durable clothing ; the wood being excellent for building, and for their canoes, having the fingular property of

not being affected by the worms ; and the leaves are employed as wrappers for drefling their provilions. When the fruit is ripe they gather it in quantities, and form it into a four pafte called mahie, which will keep till the fruit is again in feafon. When gathered for this ufe, they fcrape off the outward rind, and lay it in heaps to mellow ; a deep pit is then dug in the ground, and carefully lined with large leaves ; this cavity is filled with the fruit, and ftrongly thatched down with a ridge like a mufhroom bed j the whole is preffed clofe with ftones laid over it : there it ferments and fettles : when the fermentation is over, they open the pit, and put up the fermented fruit in frefli leaves, taking out the core, and ftoring it for ufe, as we cover up potatoes for winter. Some, previous to this procefs, cut out the core, which makes the colour whiter, but prevents it from keeping fo long.

At this feafon alfo of the ripe bread-fruit, they make a large oven called oppeeo. The chief, on this occafion, fummons all his tenants and dependants to bring each a certain quantity of the ripe fruit, which on a day appointed, is lodged at his houfe, to the amount of fifteen or twenty hundred weight. They next repair to the hills for wood, and having collected each man his burden, they dig a hole eight or nine feet deep, paving it, and building it up with large pebbles j this they fill with wood, and fetting it on fire, when burnt out, and the ftones thoroughly heated, they fpread the embers on the bottom of the pit with long poles ; thefe they cover with green leaves and the bruifed ftalk of the plantain : the pit is filled with the bread-fruit, and covered with ftalks and leaves at bottom as on the fides, and hot embers fpread over them j the oven is then thatched down thickly with grafs and leaves, and the earth that was dug out caft over the whole. After two or three days it is fit for ufe, when they make an opening, taking out as much as they need, and ftopping it again clofe. This pafte makes a moft nutritious fweet pudding, and all the children of the family and their relations feaft on it eagerly. During this feftive feafon they feldom quit the houfe, and continue 3

wrapped up in cloth : and it is furprifing to fee them in a month become fo fair and fat, that they can fcarcely breathe : the children afterwards grow

This is repeated each returning feafon ; nor is it confined to the chiefs, as all may procure it who will be at the pains to provide the oven ; for he who has no bread-fruit of his own, or dependants to fupply it, goes round to his neighbours with garlands, like our May-day ones, of a fhrub called perepeere j thefe are hollow, and capable of containing fufficient bread-fruit for his family : all of his own rank contribute to fill them J and if he has hands fufficient to fcrape them and fill the pit, each brings his portion; if not, he leaves word when he means to call on them, and they prepare accordingly. If a chief wants bread-fruit, he fends his garlands round, and they are fure to come home full ; if he fends cocoa-nut leaves, they form them into bafkets for the fame purpofe. But, without fending, he is fure to be fupplied with bread-fruit, hogs, and fiffi, whenever wanted.. The hogs are baked in the fame kind of oven;

OowHE, or yams. Thefe grow wild in the mountains, from one to fix feet long, and of different thicknefs. They are very good eating; but being procured at a di fiance and with more trouble, in the bread-fruit feafon they are little fought after. Thefe alfo are baked.

Tarro. The root is from twelve to fixteen inches long, and nearly as much in girth. It is cultivated in watered grounds, and the leaves make as good greens as fpinach. They muff be thoroughly dreffed, or they occafion an unpleafant itching in the fundament.

Oom A RR A. Sweet potatoe. Thefe are in great abundance, but very diffèrent from thofe in the Weft Indies and America, being in ftiape like the Englifii potatoe, of an orange colour, refembling the ; tomato, and, like them, growing on the ftalk. They feem in tafte ■ neareft the Jerufalem artichoke.

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Yappe. a mountain root, larger than the tarro. It requires to be well drelTed, as the raw juice is acrid, and fets the tongue and lips in a great heat, but when properly prepared is very good food.

Pee A. A root like potatoes, and of the nature of caflada. If drelfed without proper treatment it is bitter, acrid, and unpleafant j to remedy this, they grate it on coral into a tray, and pour water upon it, which they decant next day, and repeat the ablutions for five or fix days, fiirring it up ; by this means all the deleterious quality is wafhed away : they then dry it in the fun, and put it up for ufe. It refembles fiarch i makes, as flour, excellent pudding ; and, mixed with water, forms a paffe for joining and thickening their cloth.

Mapoora is a fpecies of tarro, growing wild in the mountains, and fmaller than what is cultivated. The juice is acrid and hot j but, properly drefled as before, is ufed for food or pafte, as the peea.

Divve, a common root, growing every where, large as a potatoe, but moft like the turnip-radifli. It is of a fiery pungent tafte, but lofes it by being kept all night in one of their ovens, by which alfo the mapoora becomes edible.

Tee. a root of no great fize, growing in the mountains, fweetifh, and producing a juice like molaffes ; when in want of other provi-. fions, they dig it up and bake it. The leaves are ufed to line the pits for the mâhie J and to thatch the temporary huts, in their excurfions to the higher regions. They make ufe of thefe alfo to fpare better clothes : with one of thefe leaves round their waifls as a maro, and the plantain over their fhoulders, they drefs for fiffiing, or any dirty work.

Ehuoye. a kind of fern. It only grows in the mountains : the root when drefled is good food.—There is a variety of other roots growing fpontaneoufly, but feldom ufed, except in a fcarcity of bread-fruit, or during any flay in the mountains : then they dig up and drefs the .roots around them, to avoid the trouble of carrying provifions. As they are expert at killing birds, with which tho hills

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abound, and at catching fifh, which the lakes and rivulets fur ni th in plenty, they feldom know want j though fornetimes they are detained a confiderable time in fearch of the fandal wood, dyes for their cloth, and fweet herbs and flowers for perfuming the cocoa-nut oil.

E’vee, improperly called the yellow apple, is as large as a nonpareil, and of a bright golden hue ; but oblong, and different in fmell and tafle from our apples, more refembling a peach in flavour, as well as in being a ftone fruit. It has been compared to a pine-apple or a mango. It grows on a large beautifully fpreading tree, three or four in a bunch; is propagated by feeds or fuckers,, foon produces fruit, and is in feafon a great part of the year. The bark furnifhes alfo a tranfparent gum, like that on the plum-tree, called tapou, wEich they ufe as pitch for their canoes.

E’hEYAH is a fruit of a red hue, like the European apple in tafle and fubflance, but more watery. It has a great Angularity, of fllaments hanging from it, which come from the core. This tree is about the flze of a cherry-tree. Thefe tw’o, with' another bearing red flowers of an unpleafant fmell, are the only ones which annually Hied their leaves ; from the evee they begin to fall in September, and by Chriftmas the young leaves and fruit make their appearance ; and the apples at Mataväi begin to ripen in June. The heyah is ripe in November, and the leaves fall in January. The other trees remain in perpetual verdure, never loflng their leaves altogether, but the young ones fucceed the old as they fall. From thefe cider has been made by the mutineers.

Next to the bread-fruit in ufefulnefs, and almoft equal to it, is the HE ARE E, or cocoa-nut, which affords both meat, drink, cloth, and oil. The hulks are fpun into rope and lafliings for the canoes, and ufed for calking. Of the leaves they make bafkets, bonnets, and temporary houfes ; and of the trunk, fuel.

The rata A, or chefnut, is different both in flze and fliape from thofe of Europe. The fruit is flattened more as a bean, about two

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inches and a half acrofs, but much refembling a chefnut in tafte, and is roafted like them.

Shaddocks, tranfplanted from the Friendly Iflands by Britilh navigators , and called by the natives ooRoo pappaa, foreign bread-fruit, are in no eftimation. The European vifitors likewife have added pine-apples, lemons, limes, Indian corn, tobacco, ginger, amp;c. which however feem little valued by the iflanders.

Of plantains they have fifteen different forts : the maiden, or aya j the horfe plantain, paparoa ; the mountain, paye, amp;c. The generic name is mayyä. The faye grows only on the mountains j and differs much from all the other fpecies, the ftalk being of a raven or deep purple colour, the leaves larger, and of a deeper green. The fruit grows all round the top of the flock, which rifes upright like a fugar-loafed cabbage, and clöfely wedged in by the fide of each other J when ripe, the fruit is a reddifh brown, and within a greenifh yellow, and has fomething of the fmell of paint; if cut when young, it refembles and fmells like cucumber. Of thefe they make a pudding which tafles like goofeberry-fool, called popoe faye. The root is as good as yam. Of plantains alfo they make a pudding, called tooparro, mixed with tarro and cocoa-nut, very like a cuftard. The cocoa-nut is grated on coral, and mixed with its own milk; this is wrung dry in a flringy kind of grafs, that exprefles the white juice, and leaves the fubflance of the nut behind : into this juice they grate the tarro, and mix the ripe plantain, tying the whole up in plantain-leaves made tough by holding them over the fire. Thefe pudding-bags remain all night in the oven, and, when taken out, the preparation may be eaten hot or cóld, and will keep for many weeks.

Saypay is another kind of nice pudding made of bread-fruit and cocoa-nut milk in the fame manner ; and often dreffed in fmall quantities, by putting into it heated flones.

Poe tarro is made of the fame materials, with the addition of the tender leaves of tarro broken into it.

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Poe pee a is made with the gratings of the peea into the exprefled cocoa-nut juice; and, when well made, refembles a fuet dumpling; though, if the peea be eaten in any quantity, it fometimes caufes a gid-dinefs in the head.

Po POE is a compound of baked bread-fruit and mähie, beat up together in a tray with a (lone inftrument, and eaten at every meal, mixed with water or cocoa-nut milk ; and fometimes is made of breadfruit or mähie feparately, according to the feveral taftes of the perfons. In this ftate it much refembles flummery. With this our new-born infant is daily fupplied by old Madam Pyetea, and thrives greatly. A multitude of inferior roots and fruits are edible, and iriight bç improved by cultivation, but the immenfity of fpontaneous produce renders it unneceflary.

The cocoa-nut oil is made by grating the full-grown cocoa-nut kernel into a large trough ; after a few days digeftion the oil begins to feparate, which they gently pour off, and mix with it fragrant herbs, flowers, the farina of the bloflbms of the fwharra, or prickly palm, and fandal wood, leaving the whole to macerate three weeks or a month, well flirring the ingredients every day. When it has acquired a flrong perfume, the oil is wrung out, and put up into bamboos for ufe, and called manoe. There is a quicker method of extraóling the oil, by expofing the nuts broken to the fun ; but the oil thus drawn is always rancid.

In preparing a hog for the table, they always either drown or flrangle it : the latter is ufually preferred. If the hog is large, they make two or three rounds of flrong cord about his neck, and with a flick twifl it till the breath is flopped, fluffing the noflrils and fundament with grafs, when the animal quickly dies. They wet it all over, and furrounding it with dry leaves.or grafs, finge off the hair, fcraping it with flicks and cocoa-nut fhells, and a rough flone, till the fkin is perfedlly clean. With a fplit bamboo, or knife, they open the belly, and take out the entrails and coagulated blood, which they divide into cocoa-nut fhells mixed with fome fat of the cawl :

380 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

to this they put hot Rones, and make a kind of black pudding, by way of whet, whilft the hog is baking. The hog being wafhed within, the maw cleaned, and the reft of the guts, the whole is placed in the pit, or oven, refting on its belly, and with it bread-fruit, yams, taro, amp;c. covered thick with plantain-leaves, hot embers, and grafs, with the earth which was dug out heaped upon it till ready ; which, in a hog of moderate fize, requires at leaft two hours ; if the pig is fmall, lefs than half the time will ferve. The leaves are placed fo carefully, that not a particle of earth reaches the provifions, either in going in or coming out. In the fame manner they drefs all their other food ; and they like it well drefled, except their fifh, which they prefer raw. Their cookery is limply baking or broiling, as they have no veflel of their own capable of bearing the fire. However, they lofe nothing of the delicacy of their food in baking ; and filh fo drefled is preferable to being boiled. -,

They make three meals a day when at home, and eat heartily; and nothing pleafes them more than to obferve a ftranger eat with appetite. When at a diftance from their ufual abode, and great multitudes are alfembled in one diftridl, provifions cannot be furnilhed for all in proper feafon, and they content themfelves with one meal a day ; and when thus completely hungry they may well pafs for voracious with thofe who have their regular meals, and are fatiated with the plenty around them ; befides, every one endeavours to procure abundance for the ftranger, even though he fhould go himfelf with a hungry belly. The greateft part of their diet is vegetable, and it does not often fall to the lot of inferiors to have a regular fupply of animal food. Whatever the Tea produces they eat, affirming that nothing unclean can come from water. ,lt;

In eating they fit crofs-legged on the ground, or on leaves ; they firft make their offering to the Eatöoa (for this even heathens feel their bounden duty), then wafh their hands, and begin fluffing their mouths full of bread-fruit, and dip their fifh or flefh in a cocoa-nut fliell of fait water, which is their falt-cellar. They are ever ready to

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SExA. ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;381

divide their provifion with thofe who have none. Any place ferves for a dining-room ; they often fquat down on the grafs, or under a fliady tree, and always eat feparately, for fear of incommoding each other with their fly-flaps. Green leaves from the neareft tree afford them a table-cloth, and before them is a cocoa-nut fhell of frefh as well as fait water.

Befides their hogs and poultry, their dogs are efleemed excellent food, and much preferred to goat’s flefh, being fed wholly on vegetables ; the goats, though numerous, we never faw them touch. Their fowls do not differ from our own ; and in tendernefs and flavour are nothing inferior.

They feldom plant bread-fruit trees, as they fpring again from the roots wherever cut down; but they make large plantations of cocoa-nuts and plantain : a beautiful grove near One Tree hill was fet by the hands of Pomarre and Iddeah. Thefe plantations are ufually the work of the chiefs, who generally excel the lower claffes, whether in fports or ingenuity. The noble women are the principal clothmakers ; nor is it the lead; difparagement for a chief to be found in the midfl; of his workmen labouring with his own hands ; but it would be reputed a great difgrace not to fhow fuperior fkill. Like the ancient patriarchs, they aflift in preparing and cooking food for their vifitors.

THE number of the feathered tribe is very great. Befide the common tame fowl they have wild ducks, parroquets of various kinds, the blue and white heron, fly-flapper, woodpecker, doves, boobies,

382 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

noddies, gulls, peterels, fand-larks, plover, martin, men-of-war and tropic birds, with a multitude of others unknown to us. The mountains produce a great variety of a larger and fmaller fize, for beauty and for fong ; thefe are never feen on the low lands, nor near the fea.

The tropic-birds build their nefts in holes of the cliffs ; and as their long feathers are held in. requeft for their paries and mourning dreffes, they procure them in the following dangerous manner. From the top of the high cliffs, beaten by the waves beneath, a man is lowered down by a rope, feated acrofs a ftick ; he fearches all the holes from bottom to top, fwinging from point to point by a haff he holds in his hand, and by the hones which project, or the flirubs which grow there. When he finds a bird on her neft, he plucks out her tail feathers, and lets her fly. When he can find no more birds, or is tired of the labour, he gives the fignal to be drawn up. Dreadful as it may appear to be thus hanging thirty or forty fathom down, and four times as many to the bottom, few accidents ever happen ; though the fport is often continued for many hours together.

They fet a peculiar value on the fliining black feathers of the men-of-war birds, which being birds of paffage, they watch their arrival at the rainy feafon ; a float of light wood is then launched into the water, baited with a fmall filh, as foon as they obferve the bird approaching, whilft they ftand ready with a long pole of fixteen or eighteen feet within reach of the float. The moment the bird pounces on the fifh to feize it, they ftrike at him with the pole, and feldom fail of bringing him down ; if they mifs their aim, the bird cannot be again tempted to approach. The cock bird is moft valuable, and a large hog will be fometimes exchanged for one.

The fmaller birds are caught with the bread-fruit gum made into birdlime, and fpread on flicks of bamboo. Thofe who frequent the mountains will often kill them with a flone thrown by hand. Ufe in this fport has made them fine markfmen ; they point at the

bird with the fore-finger of the left hand, as if taking aim, and feldom fail of bringing him down, if at no great diftance ; but on the wing they as feldom fucceed.

THEIR fifhing-tackle confifts of feines of all fizes, from five fathoms to fifty, and from one to twelve fathoms deep. They have lines and hooks of all forts. Thefe feines and lines are formed from the bark of a fhrub called roeva, which feldom grows larger than hemp, and looks like it when drelfed. There are feveral other forts of an inferior quality. They twift the filaments on their thigh with their hands, and wind up the thread into balls, fome of two, fome of three threads ; but they feldom make their lines of more than two threads, even for dolphins j the three threads being more liable to kink and get foul, when of any confiderable length ; and as they always play the dolphin, are more apt to fnap. Their hooks are made of pearl-fhells, though they prefer iron, and form a nail into an excellent hook. Our hooks were highly efteemed by them. They have different fizes and different fhapes for the different kinds of fifh. Some are made to reprefent the flying-fifh, others for putting on real fifh, or what other bait the fifh will take.

For the dolphin they fifh in failing canoes, at four or five miles diftance from land. They never put out a line till they difcover a fifh, when they make fure of it, as they bait with flying-fifh prepared for that purpofe. When the dolphin is hooked they play him till fpent, when they bring him alongfide by degrees, and lay hold

on the tail, by which they lift him in, never depending on the hook and line When they have got to the filhing ground they ply to windward. About fifty or fixty canoes from Mataväi are employed in this fifiiery during the feafon, which lafts about fix months, as thcfe fifh follow the fun. While the fun is to the north they are fcarce ; when he paffes the line, in great plenty. They fpawn about March, and then the fifhery ceafes, and the canoes are other wife employed, either in trading to the iflands, or in fitting for the albicorc and bonetta fifhery, which-next commences.

While the dolphin fifliery lafts, numbers of large flying-fifli are caught by the following means -: a number of fmall white fticks, fix or eight feet long, are prepared, and weighted with a ftone to keep them erech in the water : to each of thefe they fix a fliort line and a hook of bone baited with cocoa-nut kernel. Thefe they caft out into the fea as they are ftanding off at a diftance from each other,, and taking them up at their return, generally find a fifti at every hook ; fo that if they have no fuccefs at the dolphin fifhery, they do not return empty-handed j and fometimes bring in fharks and other fifh.

To fifh for AAHYE, or albicore, and the parroa, or bonetta, they have a double canoe ; on this a crane is fixed, at .the head of which they have two lines made faft to a fpreading fork, forming two horns, and at the back a rope. The heel is fixed in a roller on the fore part of the canoe, and all but one man are kept abaft to attend the back rope. The man who ftands forwards baits the hook, and when they fee a fifh they lower down the crane till the bait touches the water. The man forwards keeps heaving out water with a fcoop, and now and then cafts out a fmall fifh. The moment an albicore is hooked he gives the fignal, and thofe abaft raife up the crane, and the fifh fwings in to the man, who is ready to feize him. Sometimes the fifh is fo large, and the canoe fo light, that, without much care, the albicore carries it under water ; yet feldom any other .damage enfues than the lofs of the hook and fifh.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;385

The PEERARA, or fkipjack, is caught with a long bamboo and line ; but from its fize is more eafily lifted in. Moft of the other fifh are taken with feines, which fometimes enclofe turtle, or by hook and line in fmall canoes ; and if they hook a large filh, they fteer the canoe after him till he is fpent, and then lift him in. In this manner they take the ooroa a, or cavally, the eavva, or white falmon, and feveral of the larger fort. The canoe being light bears little ftrain, and the filh is foon exhaufted. The mar AR a, or flying-filh, are caught in feines of about twelve or fifteen fathoms long, and one and a half deep. With thefe they go out in fmall canoes, and Ihoot them round the filh ; fplalhing the water and rapping the fides of the feine with their paddles till the filh dart into the net, and melh themfelves. If the weather is calm, and a number of canoes fall in with a fhoal of filh, they join their nets, and furround them; then all leap into the water and dive, riling with a filh in each hand, befides thofe that are meilied in the nets. They then haul them in, take out the filh, and follow the Ihoal, proceeding in the fame manner. Thofe who filh for the dolphin-bait continue out great part of the night, and the darker the better. When thus employed they fometimes meet the fword-filli, who firikes through the canoe, and repeats the ftroke in two or three places before the fword fticks fall enough to hold him. They leap overboard immediately with a rope and running noofe, and fecure him ; but mull inftantly hallen on fliore, to prevent the canoe from finking. They catch alfo Iharks, though not very large, with the fame noofed rope. The fmaller filli take refuge under the canoe, and as the Ihark approaches they are ready to fecure him. Quantities of fine rock-filh are caught in pots. They are alfo expert at diving after them, and the totarra, or hedgehog-filh, which they feldom catch in any other way. This filh, when purfued, takes refuge under the coral rock ; thither the diver purfues him, and brings him up with a finger in each eye. They fometimes continue under water an allonilhing while, chafing

386 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

the fifh from hole to hole, and rife with one in each hand. The weather muft be calm for good fport, as the lead; ripple on the water darkens the bottom. In dark nights they employ torches to draw the filh around the canoes, and have lading-nets ready to fcoop them up. When the fifh come into fhoal water to fpawn, they drip cocoa-nut leaves from the ftem, and knotting them on a line, fweep with them the reefs and fhoal places, till they force them near the beach; when, with lade-nets or fmall feines, they take great quantities.

Befides thefe methods of hilling, they ufe two or three-pronged forks of toa wood, darting them at a didance from the beach, and when they ftrike a fifh fwim after it; others, with many prongs, are hurled amidft a fhoal from their canoes, and fometimes dr ike two or three filh at once.

Whales are feldom killed, except now and then young ones which get entangled in the reefs, or are thrown over them by the heavy furf. When they difcover one in this fituation, they furround him with their canoes, and thrud into him their war fpears ; but often have their canoes dafhed in pieces before they can difpatch him.

Their fidi are numberlefs, of all fixes, forts, and colours, common to tropical regions ; and many which are peculiar to thofe feas, and for which no Englifh names are known. Their filding-tackle difplays the greated ingenuity, and can only be exceeded by their art in ufing it ; in this no nation can vie with them. The fifher-man builds his own canoe, makes his lines and hooks, and bait, and all the neceffary apparatus. The hooks are ground with coral, from pearl-fhells, bones, the tulks of boars, and fometimes of hard wood ; and of different drapes and fixes, according to the nature of the fifhery. Some are formed like our artificial flies, and ferve for bait and hook together, and though not bearded feldom lofe the fifh once hooked ; and notwithdanding the form -to us appears mod clumfy and rude, they will fucceed, when we, with our bed hooks, cannot.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;387

forbidden to eat turtle, whale, porpoife, Ihark, albicore, and dolphin. The turtle not being caught in any great plenty, and regarded as a facred fifli, is ufually fent to the chief, and eaten at the morai.

The Ihell-fifh are abundant; pearl and fmall common oyfters, crabs, cray-fiih, cockles, fome of an enormous fize, conchs, mufcles, tigers, wrinkles of various kinds, wilks, clams, prawns, fhrimps, fea-eggs, and fhells of peculiar beauty; there are alfo land crabs, but feldom eaten.

During the rains they catch great quantities of fmall fry at the mouth of the rivers : they form a large net, or rather a vaft bag, of the cocoa-nut hulk fewed together, with a wide mouth to receive the llream, which is held open and fecured by ftones to the bottom. With cocoa-nut leaves ftripped and tied together, called row, they fweep all before them into the bag-net, and catch bufliels at a draught. . Sometimes the women take each a bag-net and balket, forming a line acrofs the river, and hold it to the bottom by their feet, and the mouth open with their hands ; and when they have filled their balket, go home and drefs them. They feldom return empty-handed, and the queen herfelf and her mother are as often engaged in this work as any others.

They have alfo the fame methods praólifed with us, of running a dam acrofs the river where it is fhoal, and leaving only Unices open, where the bag-nets are fixed : they go above, and plunge and beat the water, to drive the filh into the net ; though to this they have feldom recourfe till the waters are low, and the filh become fcarce. •

When they angle they Hand in the fea up to the Ihoulders, ufing a long bamboo filhing-rod, and catch numbers of fine filh, particularly the mävoy, or fea-chub, with others of a delicious kind, as the white mullet ; the red are ufually caught in feines, and ufed as bait for the albicore and bonetta.

There is a filh. of the conger eel kind which is poifonous, and affeds them as fometimes mufcles do us in England, but in a greater degree, producing vaft fwellings in the body, hands, and feet, and

388 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix, even depriving the limbs of fenfe and motion : they have, however, found out a medicine which in a few days expels the poifon. An Englifliman ate of this fifh without inconvenience, whilft a native who devoured what was left was almoft raving mad, his limbs fwollen, inflamed as in the fear let fever, with excruciating pain, and his eyes rolling as if they would ftart from their fockets : yet, after ten or twelve days, he recovered, by a preparation of herbs miniftered by a prieft with many prayers. This kind of fifh is about twenty inches long, the fins edged with green, the fkin of a brownifh hue.

and called by the natives puhhe, plrre, rbwte. It is caught about the reefs, and fome are not poifonous, though they know not certainly how to diftinguifh the good from the bad. There is alfo a fmall red crab, no bigger than a horfe-bean, fo very deleterious, that it always kills the perfon who eats it. The höotdo, like our coculus indicus, is fometimes ufed by them to intoxicate and poifon the fifhj but this never injures the perfon who feeds upon them.

THEIR trees exhibit the greateft beauty and variety; two are particularly remarkable for their flowers and fragrance. The t e a y r e has milk-white flowers, of a delicate fmell, fomething like jafmine : with thefe they adorn their hair, being very fond of perfumes. The tree is large, and covered with flowers i it grows in the low lands, and is cultivated with great care. The other is a native of the mountains, and called boo a ; it bears a light yellow flower of Angular beauty and feent, with which the women form bandeaus for

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;389

their hair. They have many other flowers of lefs fragrance. The tobacco planted by Captain Cook is fpread over the ifland, the natives being particularly fond of the red bloflbm it bears. All forts of fweet-fmelling flowers would be highly prized by them. They have a variety of fweet herbs, which they employ in perfuming their cloth and their oil; one fort, a kind of mint, they call mabooa. The tomanoo nuts afford alfo a perfume when pounded; they mix them with water, and fteep their cloth in it, and for many days it retains a powerful fcent, but by degrees it is loft.

Youte, the morus papyrifera, the cloth-plant, or Chinefe paper mulberry ; there are two kinds in ufe, the one called myerre, the other PooRow. This they carefully cultivate, fencing the plantations with a ditch, to prevent the hogs and goats from having accefs to them, efpecially the latter, which do much mifchief by barking them, and are therefore tied up, or driven into the mountains. The plants of this tree fhoot up like öfters, and when about ten or twelve feet in height, and three inches in circumference, they are cut down and carefully ftripped of their bark : of this their ftneft white cloth is made. The rind being taken off, is carried to the water, the outer cuticle fcraped off carefully, and well wafhed, till the fap and flime are feparated from it ; they wrap this in plantainleaves, and leave it for three days to digeft, by which time it becomes clammy and flt for working into cloth. The bark is next fpread of a regular thicknefs on the beam where it is to be beaten, about eight inches wide, and they begin with the grooved beetle to fpread it out to a proper breadth and equal thicknefs in every part. A number of plantain-leaves are laid on the ground, and on thefe the cloth is fpread to bleach in the early morning dew for feveral days, removing it as the fun grows high : when perfectly bleached, it is dried, and rolled up in bundles for ufe. This cloth is called höoboo and parrawyë : if they wilh it to be clouded, they break the outer bark with a ftone, and wrap the fticks in leaves for three or four days before they bark them.

390 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

They mix alfo the inner bark of the tender branches of the breadfruit tree with the cloth-plant, and prepare it in the fame manner. If a chief, or man of property, has cloth to be made, he fends the mulberry-plants in bundles to his tenants, and they mix them with the bread-fruit branches, and bring home the cloth when prepared. If he needs a piece of very large dimenfions, he tells them when he fliall fet about it : on this day the women of the diftridt alTemble with their beetles, each bringing a quantity of materials ; and the ground being covered with plantain-leaves, they place their work in a line, and fet to it all together, beating time to a fong given out by one of their principal helpers ; and when they fir ike up, make a vaft noife, two hundred fometimes being employed on one piece of cloth four fathoms wide, and forty fathoms long.

Their cloth is made of a variety of colours, black, white, and feveral fhades of crimfon, yellow, gray, and brown. The black is dyed with the fap of the mountain-plantain, or under the roots of fuch cocoa-nut trees as grow in wet and fwampy grounds, where they lay the cloth to foak for a day or'two, then dry it, repeating the procefs till it becomes a deep black, when it is waflied in fait water to fix the colour. This is called oöwery. The brown is dyed or tanned with the bark of feveral trees, efpecially the töa, which gives* a fine bright colour, heightened b’y the fun. Thé bark is fcraped with a fliell, and after lying to,infufe in water, and wrung out, the cloth is dipped in the infufion, and fpread in the fun to dry, repeating the operation till it becomes a fine bright brown, called hëere and powhëere. The yellow is extracted from turmeric or rëya, which grows here in great abundance, the country being over-run with it, and capable of furnilhing any quantity, as well as of pöohey, äva, or ginger. The gray is the natural colour of the cloth when unbleached i after being half worn it may be dyed brown, and lined with white, by palling two cloths together; this is called höpaa. The red is produced from the mättde berry.

bread-fruit, and mix the old brown cloth with the new bark, beating them together, which makes a mottled piece ; this they dip in a light yellow prepared from the root of a fhrub called nöno, which gives it a beautiful appearance j they line it alfo with white, and infufing perfumes in the yellow dye, call the cloth opotta potta : they have yet another kind of cloth called marra, made of the mulberry bark, half beaten: this confifts of feveral layers of irregular thick nefs, for upper garments. At this the arreoies are peculiarly expert, though it is reckoned women s work, and requires {kill and nicety in the joining, to prevent the part parted on from rtiffèning the cloth : this they paint with a beautiful crimfon called mâttde, extradied from a berry growing on a tree of the fame name. The exprefled juice of the berry they mix with the leaves of another tree called tow, and imprint fprigs and leaves on the cloth' by wetting them with this juice, and impreflîng them on the cloth according to their fancy.. The berries of the mâttde are brown when ripe, of the fize of a floe,-and being gathered, they nip them between the thumb and finger,, cxprcfiing a yellow drop or two, which they fprinkle on the leaf of the t5w, by hitting one hand againrt the other: two or three drops fuffice for a leaf. When the berries are all nipped, and the leaves wetted, they are worked with the hands in a wooden tray, fprinkling water on them till a beautiful crimfon colour begins to appear, when they exprefs the dye from the leaves, and throw them aWay. They lay on the colour with a fmall brufh of rtringy fibres, made of a rufli called möoo, like a camel’s hair pencil.

There are other trees from which cloth is made, but the procefs is the fame in all. Sometimes they parte together pieces of different colours, cut into curious fliapes, in which difplay of tarte the arreoies excel.

The women, with their feminine male aflbciates, make the cloth ; the men provide the materials. The beam on which the bark is fpread is about twelve feet long, made of a hard wood called marra, fquared to fix or eight inches, and finely fmoothed on the upper fide. The beetles ar.e formed of toa, about fourteen inches long, and two

and a Half fquare. The fides are grooved of four different fizes, as the cloth is to be made of a finer or coarfer thread ; the handle is round ; the beetle is called ayey ; the beam, tdootdöoa.

Tdootdooa, a large tree like the chefnut, bears a nut flatter, and very oily. It will ftot burn well till a little fcorched in the oven, when it is flrung on the rib of the cocoa-nut leaf, and affords a tolerable light. The bark of the root of this tree alfo affords a light brown dye, and the flock is good fuel.

The fruit-trees have been mentioned under the article of provifions ; it remains only to defcribe the principal trees on the mountains.

To A is a large tree, the wood fo exceedingly hard as to be wrought with the greatefl difficulty, even with the hardefl iron tool. The befl axe is prefently fpoiled, as if cutting againfl flonc; yet of this they form their war clubs, fpears, cloth-beaters, and, what is marvellous, with their own miferable tools of flone and bone. Their clubs are from four to fix feet long ; and their fpears from fourteen to eighteen feet. The bark affords a brown dye.

Tomanoo, a vafl fpreading tree: out of this they form their canoes, pillows to fleep, and flools to fit upon, pudding diflies, and trays, all wrought with infinite labour out of the folid wood. The grain refembles walnut, and will take a high polifh. It bears a feed, or rather nut, which is ufed with other ingredients to perfume their cloth J and is applied externally for wounds, and internally, for the ill effeds arifing from eating fome kinds of fifh.

Marra, a large tree: the wood hard; and when young, white; when old, brown. It is of a fine grain like box, and ufed for building canoes ; it alfo makes paddles for war canoes, cloth beams, axe and adze helves and handles, amp;c.

FwHvrwHY grows to the fize of an oak, its grain refembling the white oak, and is ufed for canoes, chefls, and planks for various ufes.

Am A I, a clofe-grained wood, refembling mahogany, has a fweet fmell: it bears a pod not unlike the fcarlet bean. The tree is

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;393

large, and ufed for canoes, and alfo for all tool handles. When planted in the morais, it is there called roäva, and its leaves are employed in their religious ceremonies. The fubftitute and am-baflador of a chief always carries the branch of this tree in his hand, to give Weight to the meflage he delivers, this being règarded as an emblem of truth ; and he that bears it is heard and received as if the chief himfelf were prefent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;nbsp;r

Tuoy. a large tree, the wood hard, and ufed for common and war canoes, for fmooth planks on which to fcrape the. cloth-plant, and many other ufes. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 - nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;gt;

Po OROW refembles our elm, and is employed in building canoes, rafters for houfes, and paddles j the in fide bark makes wafliing-mats, ropes, and lines '; fome of thefe mats are very fine, quot;■and worn in wet weather.

Eyto. a very large tree, the wood a reddilh brown, like mahogany, nearly as hard as toa, and ufed in many parts of the canoes. The bark affords a brown dye for cloth, nets, and lines ; and, though only fteeped in cold water, the colour never waflies out.

Terrotaya, a hard white wood, very tough, forms the outriggers for canoes, railing for houfes, and all fuch kind of fencing, and is preferred on account of its durability. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;' i)

Eaje, the yellöw and brown fandal wood, grows in the mountains, but is fcarce; being precious, its growth might be encouraged by planting, or perhaps a more careful examination will difeover a greater abundance.

Hootdoo. A large fpreading tree, the wood not hard, employed in building canoes ; bears a large nut, thick in the middle, and tapering at each end. It will intoxicate the fifh, when mixed with bait, fo that they rife to the furface, and may be-taken by hand, but is not often ufed.

Tow. A low tree, with wide fpreading branches. The wood is white and foft; of this they make fcoops for bailing the canoes.

394 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;first missionary VOYAGE [Appendix.

The leaves, with the mattde berry, form the beautiful fcarlet dye. The flower has a fragrant fmell.

Mattde is about the fize of a cherry-tree; the berries are as large . as the floe, or wild grape ; when ripe, of a deep brown. The bark makes lines, and thread for feines; it alfo affords a fpecies of cloth, and very fine white matting.

Nono, a fmall tree, bears a fruit like four fop. The infide bark of the root produces a fine light yellow dye.

Eawwa. The wild floe tree. The bark, when young, yields the fine gray cloth called oraa, the moft ferviceable and valued of all their manufadlures. The branches hang down and take root again, forming a clufler, as a trunk of enormous fize.

Evavye, the filk cotton, grows in great abundance, about the fize of a rofe-tree; but the natives never gather the pods, nor make any ufe of it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;’

RoA, a fmall fhrub, like hemp; the bark, when cleaned and dreffed, anfwers the fame purpofe, and makes, when fpun, the flrongeft lines and cords.

Oh HE, the bamboo, a moft ufeful tree, grows in abundance on the hills, rifing to the height of fixty feet, and of confiderable thicknefs, though not very ftrong. They ufe them, when full grown, for veflels to hold their oil, plain or perfumed, fait water, and any other liquids. They make good fences for houfes : fplit fine, they ferve for carving-knives ; are ufed for fifliing-rods, for hooking down the bread-fruit, for cafes, quivers for arrows, flutes, and a variety of other things. Of the fmaller fort their arrows are made.

Aeeho, or reed. -With thefe, fences are made; they ferve to lay under the thatch and fupport it. They grow very thick on the mountains, and are fometimes fet on fire, to clear the ground.

Eowtay is a flirub about the fize of a rofe-tree. It bears a red fragrant flower, with which they deck their hair. Inwardly it is taken as a medicine for fore eyes, a common diforder among the children. When beat up in popoe, or pudding, it gives a tartnefs, to many very agreeable.

Fwharra. The prickly palm. The leaves are fix feet long, and four inches-broad, with Iharp prickles on the edges, and down the rib in the middle. This forms their thatch, the leaves lapping over each other, and fewed on the reed with the Item of a cocoa-nut leaf. The fliarpened rib of a hog fupplies the place of our thatcher’s needle. The feed of this tree is formed by an aflemblage of nuts, of the fliape of pine, of a yellow colour when ripe, and having a fragrant fmell and tafle. The bloflbm, which is of a buff colour, and full of farina, highly perfumed, is a chief ingredient in fcenting the cocoa-nut oil. The tree flouriflies on the mofl fandy barren foil : the outfide circle of wood is very hard, and furniflies points for their javelins ; the infide is foft and fpongy. The roots rife above ground, and fupport the flem like fliores, flanding thick round the bottom. The leaves furnifh matting for the canoes, and mats for their heivas ; fomc of the latter are ten or twelve fathoms long, and two fathoms wide.

P A A p A. A fpecies of the former, but without its prickles. Of this are made the finer mats, on which they fleep, and fometimes wear them in wet weather, or in the water.

Pi RREP IRRE is a fmall fhrub, of a balfamic quality, not unlike gum ciflus. From the bark the matting of the finefl texture is made for their märo, or fafhes.

Oporro vye noohe. a fine fhrub remarkable for its growth. The root, in tafle; not unlike liquorice. The colour white. The flock fhoots up about eighteen inches, and then branches off into a kind of crown : when it dies to the flock, it is renewed by another fhoot yearly.

Eay eay. a running flirub, or vine. From this they form their bafkets to catch fliell-fifli, and others called pureta. It is ufed

390 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

in thatching to fix the palm-leaf to the rafters, for railing to their houfes, and for lalhings, that are more durable than cord.

Yava is a flirub, whofe root is peppery and hot : as it furnifhes their only intoxicating beverage, it is cultivated with great care. The preparation is difguHing : feveral women have each a portion given them to chew, of the Item and root together, which, when mafticated, they fpit into a bowl, into which fome of the leaves of the plant are finely broken; they add water, or cocoa-nut liquor; the whole is then well ftirred, and begins quickly to ferment, when it is ftrained or wrung out in the mooo grafs, or cocoa-nut fibres, and drank ■in cups of folded leaves. It is highly intoxicating, and feems for a while to deprive them of the ufe of their limbs ; they lie down and fieep till the effeds are palTed off, and during the time have their limbs chafed with their women’s hands. A gill of the yava is a fufficient dofe for a man. When they drink it they always eat fomething afterwards, and frequently fall alleep with the pro-vifions in their mouths ; when drank after a hearty meal it produces but little effed. After fome continuance of yava-drinking, the Ikin begins to be covered with a whitifh fcurf, like the leprofy, which many regard as a badge of nobility : the eyes grow red and inflamed ; and the foies of the feet parched and cracked into deep chaps, as fome lips in winter. On the difcontinuance of the pradice, however, the Ikin foon becomes fmooth and clean, and they grow fat, though few are found who deny themfelves the ufe of it. This vice is confined moftly to the chiefs and their followers ; the common people can feldom procure fuch an indulgence.

Toe, or fugar-cane, grows here fpontaneoufly, of a fize equal to any in either Indies, and if cultivated, would be much larger-and richer; but the natives make very little ufe of it, except to chew a piece as they are travelling; and when it gets high, they often fet it on fire, to clear the land.

Hoo ERRO TOOMO, the cabbage-trce, grows in the mountains, but to no great fize. The natives feldom cat it. The leaves refemble

xA.ppendix.] to the SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS» nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;397

fern, and form a circle round the top of the tree, the cabbage ri fing in the middle. The tree is about thirty feet high; the bark rough, and hanging down like the fcales of a fifh from top to bottom.

Among the herbs there is a kind of creffes which furnifhes an agreeable falad. Radifiies, calliloo, and all our culinary vegetables, are now cultivated ; but the Otaheiteans are partial to their own produce, and little relifh what we have brought them, regarding them as curiofities, rather than of any utility.

THEIR canoes are of different fizes : they are narrow, and have outriggers, or are doubled by lafhing two together. The war canoes are always double, from fixty to ninety feet long, about three feet wide, and fix in depth : the ftern rifes from twelve to twenty-four feet high. They are ftrongly fecured by crofs pieces, firmly bound, and extending over both fides, being fifteen or twenty feet in length. The canoes themfelves are from four to fix feet afunder ; on thefe a ftage is eredted for the warriors : in the flage there are fcuttle-holes for paddling. Each canoe is paddled by fixty or a hundred men ; and the largeft capable of carrying three hundred perfons. On the fore-part a breaftwork of plank is raifed about four feet high ; at this the fpearmen are polled ; behind them the flingers, with piles or bafke^ of flones ; and every paddler has this weapon. Their attacks are made with great fury, running on board their adverfary, and {paring none but thofe who attend the lafliings. The vanquifhed can only fave their lives by jumping into the fea, and fwimming to the canoes not clofely engaged. The canoe taken, is carried off by the conquerors in triumph. Such was the fate of great part of O too’s

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fleet, the prefent Pomärre, foon after Cook left the ifland, and the lofs hath never flnee been repaired : there are not, at prefent, five large war canoes at Otaheite. Happily the ifland of Eimco becoming fubjedh to his fon’s government, and Iddeah and Männe Manne, fince the death of Motuaro, having ihe chief authority there, the king hath little to apprehend from invafion, as he was moft eafily vulnerable from that quarter.

The war canoes differ from common ones in conftruäion, having high bows, on which are carved rude images of men; and their fterns run up tapering, fometimes to twenty-four feet, and ornamented with the like figures : the bottom is fliarp ; the fides rounding in towards the top in the midfiiip frame, like the print of a fpade on a pack of cards. They are built of fliort pieces about fix feet each, except the keel, which feldom exceeds three pieces, of twenty or thirty feet long, and fometimes is formed of two only. The fhort pieces are laflied together fecurely with finnet made of cocoa-nut fibres ; the feams are calked with the fame, and payed with the breadfruit gum; but a heavy fea opens the feams, and makes them leaky; and they have no methods of clearing the water but by bailing with fcoops, fo that five or fix hands are thus conftantly employed at fea; and in port they are hauled up on dry ground, to prevent their finking. The bread-fruit tree plank is preferred for durability ; for though not a clofe-grained wood, the fait-wafer worms will not touch it, a property which few others of their woods poffefs.

In building the canoes, they ufe fire to burn out the infide of the tree, and fmooth the fides with coral and fand; but thofe who have iron tools prefer the method of cutting them into fhape, and hollow, as far more expeditious. They prepare their pitch for paying the feams, by wrapping the gum of the bread-fruit tree round candlenuts ftuck on fkewers of cocoa-nut leaf ribs : thefe being lighted, the pitch drops into a tray of water, and fqueezihg out the aqueous particles, they fpread it on the plank edge, and lay the cocoa-nut hufllt; beaten fine oyer it; then fmear it with pitch, and fit on the next

plank, prelTing it powerfully with ropes and levers, and fecuring it in its place with lafhings.

The war canoes, and thofe facred to the Eatöoa, are built by a general levy : the chief iffues his orders to the towhas, they to the ratlrras, who call upon their tenants, the manahoune, for hogs, cloth, oil, amp;c. to fupport the carpenters who are fent to the work. They firft examine the hills, and pitch on the proper timbers : the ratirra on whofe land it is found, fends men to cut it down, and hew it in the rough, under the carpenters’ direótion, that it may be the eafier removed, as it is fometimes at a confiderable diftance. When the timbers are colled cd, they are laid under the Ihed where the canoe is to be built : a feaft is then made to engage the favourable afliftance of the Eatöoa ; and being.very acceptable to the workmen, they hold one before the tree is cut down, another at the commencement of the building, and on making faft every courfe. When the firft ftrakc or bottom is completed, there is a great entertainment and offering, and fo on till the whole is finilhed, when the feftivity is great eft, and the canoe for the Eatöoa drefled out with cloth, breaftplates, and red feathers,- and a human vidim is offered. The offerings for the war canoes are only hogs, amp;c. which are brought to the morai of the chief in whofe diftrid it is built; there the pricfts ftrangle them as ufual, and clean them, fmearing them over with their own blood, and placing them on the fwhatta, or altar, with young plantain-trees, and long prayers : the entrails and guts are cleaned and eaten at the morai. Sometimes the hogs are dreffed before they are offered on the altar ; there they are left to putrefy, or be eaten by birds which frequent thefe places; the heron efpecially, and the woodpecker: Thefe birds are refpeded as facred, and never killed, as it is fuppofed the deity defcends in them, when he comes to the morai to infpire the prieft, and give an anfwer to their prayers.

The canoe offered to the Eatöoa, finely dreffed, is drawn up to the morai with all the facrifices and oblations ; there the eye of the dead viólim is firft offered to the king, with the plantain and prayers, and

the body interred in the morai. The hogs are killed and offered as before, and the priefts take the cloth and decorations, which are prefented to the young king.

Confidering the greatnefs of the work, and the beauty of the execution, it is aftonhhing how, without the knowledge of iron, without rule or compafs, with a ftone adze only, the leg or arm bone of a man fharpened for the purpofe of chifel, gouge, and gimlet, with coral only and fand, they can carve fo neatly and finilh fo fmoothly ; our moft ingenious workmen could not exceed them. To cut with fuch inftruments, out of the hardeft and moft fol id wood to form planks, not more than two out of a tree, and build veftels capable of carrying three hundred perfons, mull require fuch endlefs labour and perfeverance, as makes it wonderful how they fhould ever be finifhed. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;•

The war canoes differ in conftrudlion, as well as fize, from the fifhing and travelling canoes ; thefe latter being low for paddling, flat-fided, and confifting commonly of but one broad plank fixed on the tree hollowed out, with a raifed ftern. On the bow a plank projets about fix or eight feet, on which a platform is laid, and a travelling houfe eredted, which can be carried on fliore and ferve for a temporary abode : fometimes only an awning is fpread, and here the paffengers, or the perfons of moft dignity, are feated. The fterns are broad, and, according to the nobility of the owner, raifed and ornamented, fome to fourteen feet high, of carved work, reprefenting men fupporting each other on their hands, tier upon tier, and fur-mounted by a piece of carved work, of three or four feet round, and hollow, fomething like a Gothic tower. Thefe, according to their bulk, are paddled by from four to twenty men, and can be rowed fingle, or made double, as occafion requires.

They have ftill fmaller double canoes, and fingle ones with an outrigger for common ufe. Thofe defigned for failing have fome one maft and fome two, whether the canoe be fingle or double : this maft is fixed with flirouds and ftays ; the fails are made of matting

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;40:

long and narrow, and have a kind of fprit laced up and down the after leech, and reaching one third higher than the maft-head, forming a bow from the height of the maft upwards, and keeping the weather leech of the fail tight from the maft-head to the fprit-end, to which a long pennant'made of feathers is ufually faftened ; and the lower part is extended on a bamboo boom, to which the fprit is fecurely laflied ; and here alfo the fheet is made faft. In the fingle canoe the maft is placed nearly before the midfhips ; in the double the foremaft is raifed in the one, and the mainmaft in the other, at nearly one third each. The war canoes have their mafts and fails in the fame manner i on the maft there is a kind of balket-work like a funnel. The fingle canoes, when rigged for failing, are raifed with a wafliboard of ten or twelve inches above the gunwale j and on the top of this, oppofite to the outrigger, is a ftage about two feet wide, and running about ten or twelve feet along the fide of the canoe : this is made of planks well laflied to the fpars which fupport them, and to this they bring the flirouds. The outrigger is generally two thirds the length of the canoe ; at the extremity is fixed a float as long as the canoe, and kept in the fame diredion as the keel by a fmaller outrigger placed near the ftern ; but as thefe are not always exaélly parallel and nicely adjufted, they impede the velocity of the canoe, which feldom fails above five or fix knots an hour. As they have no method of reducing their fail at the head, being only able to caft it off at the foot, and roll up a part, they are driven to the greateft inconvenience when overtaken by bad weather, and frequently difmafted, overfet, or blown offquot; the coaft, and heard of no more. When a fquall comes on, they luff the head of the canoe to it ; and if flie is likely to fall off, they jump overboard, and hold her head to windward till the guft of wind is paffed ; then get in, and purfue their courfe. When overfet, their firft care is to lafli every thing faft, and tow the canoe round with the maft-head to windward j and having a line faftened to the fprit-end, they get all hands on the

402 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

float of the outrigger, and hauling the head of the fail out of the water, fwing off with their whole weight, and the wind getting under the fail rights the canoe': two or three continue in the water, and hold her head to the wind, and when clear they proceed on their voyage. This accident frequently happens on returning from fifhingj and fo little danger do they apprehend from being thus overfet four or five miles from land, that they never think of aflifting each other; nor do thofe who are in the water call for any help, though fometimes they lofe fo much ground, as to be obliged to run down to Eimco or Ulietëa.

Their canoes convey them to the iflands in the neighbourhood of Otaheite. Tethuroah, one of the neareft, is the property^of Otoo and his family, diftant about eight leagues north from Point Venus ; it confifls of ten fmall iflets, furrounded by a reef ten leagues in circumference. Thefe can only be approached in calm weather becaufe of the furf, and then only by fmall canoes,, which are hauled over the reef : thither the king lends his moft valuable property in time of war or danger. As thefe iflets are not approachable by war canoes, they afford an impregnable fortrefs. To prevent the inhabitants from cafting off his authority, Otoo fuffers no bread-fruit or vegetable food of any kind to grow there, but cocoa-nuts and taro-roots for the convenience of the chiefs who go there on a vifit. Thefe iflands abound with fifh, which they bring to Otoo, and load back with provifions. The fifli he ufes himfelf, and diflributes to his friends. About forty fail of canoes are thus employed, befides thofe ufed at home in fifhery. The Matavai canoes alfo, when not engaged in the dolphin fifhery, make frequent voyages to Tethuroah, carrying provifions, and bringing back fifh and cocoa-nut oil in exchange; and a fine fifh fauce, called tyeyro, made of cocoa-nut kernel at a propçr age grated, and mixed with picked flirimps. This is put into bafkcts to digeft for a day or two, when it refembles curd, acquires an agreeable tartnefs, and is fit for ufe ; mixed with fait water it is an admired fiuice, not only for fiflr, but for pork and fowls. The cocoa-nut

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;403

muft not be fully grown, for it would turn oily and become rancid. The fame fauce is made in great quantities at Otaheite, and a balkct of it always accompanies a prefent of fhh, or a baked hog.

Maitëa is fubjeól to a chief of Tiaraboo, and about twenty-feven leagues didant eaftward. The communication is by a large war canoe, which makes a voyage or two annually, taking advantage of the north-wefterly wind to gó thither, and of the trade-wind to return. From this iflarid they chiefly obtain their pearls and pearl fhells, with di flies and ftools of tammanoo, and other articles. Ta-piohe, famous for pearl, lies farther on in the fame di redt ion. In return for what they receive, they carry nails and fuch iron-work as . they can fpare ; and this pafles in exchange to more diftant iHands.

TILL the Europeans vifited them, they had few'diforders among them ; their temperate and regular mode of life, the great ufe of vegetables, little animal food, and ab fence of all noxious diftilled fpirits and wines, preferved them in health. The cafe at prefent is wofully altered.

Their moft common complaints are coughs, colds, and intermittent fevers, partly brought on by the changes of weather, and partly by the mode of bathing, to which they habituate themfelves, often reeking with fweat. They fometimes undergo a temporary infanity during the wet feafon, when the fun is vertical, probably from being expofed with their bare heads to his perpendicular beams : this dif-order attacks them ufually when the bread-fruit ripens, and is attended with boils on the Ikin, which carry off the diforder, and the perfon once recovered is affedted no more ; though with fome it continues a

longer feafon than with others. Theague fometimes is fatal, as they have no medicine which is effeélual for its cure. They are fubjeél to vaft ruptures, occafioned by too great exertions in wreftling, jumping, and lifting. The glands behind their ears often fwell and fuppurate, leaving large fears like the king’s evil ; to thefe they make no application but walhing ; and when we would have perfuaded them to lay on a poultice, they objected, as they muft not pafs the facred ground with any thing on their heads, or above their Ihoulders ; and there is no confining them to the houfe as long as they are able to fland on their legs. As it is their fixed opinion, that no difeafe affeóls them but as a punifhment inflióled by their Eatöoa for fome offence, and never brought on themfelves by intemperance or imprudence, they trufi: more to the prayers of their priefis than to any medicine. Nature, however, and their good conftitutions, perform wonderful cures. One man had received a mufket-ball, which palfed through his breaft and fhoulder-blade j another had his arm broken by a ball ; a third received it as he was ftooping ; it palfed through his thigh, entered his breaft,. and came out behind his collar-bone; feveral others were dreadfully fmafhed with ftones ; one had his upper jaw broken inward, with the lofs of fix or feven teeth, and a part of the bone ; and yet all recovered furprifingly foon, without any application. All bandages they abominate, and cannot bear the fmell of the dreffings of a wound ; flying always to the water when any thing of this kind affeóls them, and grating fandal wood on the part, to take off the offenfive fetor. If they happen to have a leg broken, it ufually kills them, not fo much from the fraélure itfelf, as from their efforts to crawl to the water, from which nothing reftrains them : this often brings on inflammation and mortification, where there could be elfe no danger. Some bear the fears of the jagged ftingray fpear pafting through their bodies, and are recovered. A broken arm is fometimes completely reftored by bamboo fplints, as it admits of their going about with it in a fling.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;405

to this catalogue the elephantiafis, which he obferved of a moft prodigious kind, one man’s leg being fwelled as big as a youth’s body ; yet he continued going about. There is hardly one of the chiefs but is affeded with cuticular difeafes, and many like lepers from head to foot, occafioned by drinking the yava ; yet they regard this as an honourable diftinélion, calling it the yava fkin rather than a difeafe. Many have, in the rainy feafon, confiderable inflammation in their eyes, and their children are often fubjeól to a tetterous eruption, which continues for a long while. A few have been found affeéled with the itch, whether a communicated or’an endemial difeafe is not certain. But of all plagues that moft fatal to fociety, the venereal, has been communicated to them, probably by Europeans, and it has fpread grievoufly, one in four being fuppofed affèóled with it : many moft miferable objeéts, with foul and horrid ulcers, carious bones,, lofs of limbs, and in the laft ftage of confumption, prefented them-felves. Of thefe was the brother of the high-prieft Männe Manne, worn to a fkeleton by the difcharge of a venereal ulcer in his neck, which afïècfted the organs of refpiration, and left little hopes of relief. Many are feparated from their families in a fhed or out-houfe, nor fuffered to touch proviflon of any kind but what is brought them ; their deareft friends and relatives fhun them ; they are not permitted to bathe near any perfon in the river ; and though they are not left to ftarve, they are abandoned to rot alive. Many refufed all medicines, and would fubmit to no applications ; others took them with great avidity. The benefit received in many cafes by the mercurial ointment caufed great wonder in the natives ; and in the hands of a fkilful man cannot fail of refeuing many from death and mifery. This fatal and difgufting difeafe, being moft prevalent, efpe-cially claims our compaflion, though the natives are fo carelefs, and averfe to all confinement, that it is the hardeft talk in the world to engage them to follow proper diredlions. We are ufing our utmoft efforts to have fome of our brethren under the beft tuition, for the purpofe of attaining medical flcill, efpecially to be acquainted with

4o6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

the propereft methods of treating this foul plague, and have hope of five or fix who will have fome medical information, and be particularly converfant with this fubjeél i and who may be capable of Affording effedtual relief to fuch as will fubmit to the neceffary regimen.

They attribute others of their maladieâ to an European origin, and fuppofe every veffel which hath vifited them has left them fomé new difeafes ; among thefe they reckon the dyfentery from Vancouver.

It was difficult to perfuade them to take medicine, except in fyrups, of which they are fond ; though fome fubmitted to fwallow the bark in cocoa-nut liquor, and got rid of their intermittents.

IT may not be unacceptable to pafs in review a few remarks on the comparative ftate of the different iflands where we have begun our miffionary attempts, as from the manners and character of the people, and the nature of their governments, fome conjecture may be formed refpeCting the hope of fucceeding in our endeavours to civilize and impart to them the bleffings of Chriftianity.

Hereditary fucceflion appears the eftabliflied cuftom at Otaheite, and Otoo fovereign j his chieftains, though fupreme in their feveral diftriCts, owing him paramount obedience, and apparently at prefent unable to control his authority, and in a ftate of general fubjeClion. At Tongataboo an oligarchy feems to prevail, at the head of which is a monarch of the Futtafäihe race, to whom all pay another perfon, under the title of Dugonagaboola, has the chief power and authority, commanding the army by fea and land : w'hether

this office be liereditary or tkclivc is not afcertained. ToogaJiôwe, though not the eldeft fon, on the death of Tibo Mopmöoe, affumed the government j his acknowledged warlike charaäter probably removed every competitor. Befides thefe, other chiefs feem poflefled of great power. In Ohitahoo, the only illand of the Marquefas -which we vifited, the chief feems poffefled of lefs power than was exercifed in both the others. Tongataboo refembles moft the govern-i;nent of Japan, where the facred majefty is a fort of ftate prifoner to. the captain-general ; but at the Friendly Iflands Futtafâihe has great authority, though Dugonagaboola feems as fuperior in command as he acknowledges himfelf inferior in dignity. Thus Tacitus defcribes Germany as pofficffed of a monarch hereditary, propter dignitatem, and a great general, dux, eledled, propter virtutem, on account of hia courage and military Ikill. In thefe iflands flrong traits, of the ancient feudal fyhem appear.

In their perfons,.the men of the fuperior rank all feemaiarger race than ourfelves, or the common people. At Otaheite they were fofter featured, more full and flefliy ; at Tongataboo more mufcular,. and affedling a more ftately gait and fuperiority ; at Ohitahoo, though complaining of hunger, they were fufficiently plump, and much more tattooed all over, and diftinguiflied by drefs and ornaments.

The women at the Marquefas, for beauty of feature, fymmetry of form, and lightnefs of colour, far exceeded the other iflands. At Otaheite and Tongataboo very few were feen who had pretenfions to beauty ; they were generally large, their features mafculine, their colour deeper, and many very difgufting : yet at Ohitahoo the females appeared in the moft abjedt fubjedlion, whilft at Otaheite fome enjoyed diftinguifhed dignity, without particular prohibitions as to food; and thofe who were under reftridlions leemed not fo enflaved, and at liberty to change their hufband^ if they pleafed. At Tongataboo fome were held in higheft reverence, and Futtafâihe himfelf paid' one elderly woman the fame expreffion of homage which he received from every other chieftain, t.

4o8 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

In improvements and civil government the people of the Friendly Iflands appear fuperior: their canoes are larger, more numerous, and better formed ; their clubs and carvings more curious, their land better cultivated, their roads neatly maintained, and their country generally enclofed with reed fences j property alfo appears more pro-tedfed, and no arbitrary exactions noticed : while the defpotic rule at Otaheite, in many in dances, and the infolent demands of the arreoy fociety, tend to deftroy all induftry. Refpedl for the chiefs is every where great, but appeared leaft at Ohitahoo.

In manners, the Society iflanders feem the moft diflblute, and the arreoy fociety the fink of lewdnefs and cruelty. In the Friendly Iflands marriage is general, and, except the chiefs, they feem to have only one wife. It is faid at Tongataboo, that adultery is puniflied with death. There, and at the Marquefas, no infant murders are allowed; but, contrariwife, they are fond of their children, and take pleafure in a numerous family. Though at the deceafe of Tibo Moomöoe, and during his illnefs, fome cruel and inhuman pradlices are mentioned, yet nothing comparable with the horrible human facrifices at Otaheite. In another feature alfo they greatly differ, as old age is as much refpeóled at Ohitahoo and Tongataboo as it is neglected at Otaheite.

In their propenfity to theft they too much refembled each other, though the Friendly iflanders feemed the moft daring. With re-fpedl to the diftafe which makes the moft fatal ravage, the Society iflanders are much the moft generally infedted ; fewer at Tongataboo ; and at the Marquefas it is happily yet unknown.

As to native fertility, all the iflands, with prudence and culture, would furnifh abundant fupplies ; but as the natives labour little, and truft to the fpontaneous productions of the earth chiefly, all fuffer at certain times of the year, when the bread-fruit is out of feafon, a temporary fcarcity. At Ohitahoo it amounted to hunger ; the mähie was difgufting ; and the very animals were pinched for want of food, though no where did the bread-fruit trees appear more flourifh-

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;409

ing. At Tongataboo, the chiefs, to fecure plenty, changed their abodes to other iflands. At Otahcite the greateft profufion of native productions appeared, notwithftanding the horrible wafte committed at their feaftings, and by the arreoy fociety ; and want is feldom known. The border of low land teems with plenty of bread-fruit, evee, and cocoa-nut. At Ohitahoo there is no low land ; at Tongataboo the country is flat and enclofed, and, though little cultivated, very productive. But after vifiting all the other iflands. Captain Wilfon obferves, that he was forcibly ft ruck, at his fécond viftt to Otaheite, with the fuperior politenefs of their manners, their lingular cordiality of addrefs, and their vifible improvement durino-that fmall fpace in the fcale of civilization in drefs as well, as behaviour ; and taking into the account its amenity, the falubrity of the climate, the plenty of fine water, fpontaneous productions of the earth, the rich and moft romantically piClurefque appearances of the country, he felt the juftice of the title given to Otaheite by one of the navigators, as the Queen of Iflands.

Xt'R.kVl'S VV BY THE COMMITTEE OF EIGHT PERSONS CHOSEN BY THE BODY OF MISSIONARIES, ON BOARD THE DUFF, AT SEA.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4t i

Such is the revelation of God’s purpofe, mind, and will, and given by the infpiration of the Holy Glioft ; it containeth all things neceffary to be believed concerning God, creation, providence, the fall of man, his recovery, and the final end of all things: therefore the truths contained therein are to be received and believed ; and nothing fhould be believed by any, or enforced upon any, as neceffary to falvation, faith, or pradlice, but that which it expreffeth, or may be proved thereby.

I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is but one only living and true God, who is infinite in

being and perfedlion, a moft pure Spirit, invifible, without body or parts, immutable, immenfe, eternal, incomprehenfible, infinitely juft, almighty, and moft wife ; the creator, maker, and former of all creatures, the preferver and governor of all things, vifible and invifible; and in the unity of the Godhead there are three perfons, of one fubftance, power, and eternity—God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghoft.

4 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;God having created man in his own image, in knowledge, righte-

oufnefs, and true holinefs, with dominion over the creatures, entered into a covenant of life with him, not only for himfelf but for all his pofterity, upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil upon the pain of death; which covenant he brake, being feduced by Satan to eat of the fruit of that tree; and, having thereby loft the image of God and all communion with him, he incurred his wrath and curfe both in this life and in that which is to come ; in which ruin his whole race became neceffarily involved, having this his firft t rani greffon moft juftly imputed to them, and deriving from him a nature wholly corrupted

* nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;and depraved.

41 a nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

Man, in his Rate of innocency, had freedom and power to will and to do that which is good and well-pleafing to God ; but yet mutable, fo that he might fall from it. But by his fall into a ftate of fin, he hath wholly loft all ability of will to any fpiritual good accompanying ïâlvation ; fo that as a natural man, being altogether averfefrom good, and dead in fin, he is not able, by his ownftrength, to convert himfelf, or to prepare himfelf thereunto.

When God converts a finner, and tranflates him into a ftate of grace, he freeth him from his natural bondage under fin ; and by his grace alone enables him freely to will and to do that which is fpi-ritually good.

The Son, which is the Word of the Father, co-equal and co-eternal with the Father, the very and eternal God, of one fubftance with the Father, took man’s nature in the womb of the blelTed Virgin, of her fubftance, fo that two whole and perfedt natures, that is to fay, the Godhead and manhood, were joined together, never to be divided, whereof is one Chrift, very God and very man; who, by his perfect obedience and facrifice of himfelf, which he, through the Eternal Spirit, once offered up unto God, hath fully fatisfied the juftice of the Father ; and not only made reconciliation, but likewife purchafed an everlafting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven for all thofe whom the Father hath given to, or chofen in him.

The Holy Ghoft, proceeding from the Father and the Son, is of one fubftance, majefty, and glory, with the Father and the Son, very and eternal Godj whofe office, in the economy of falvation, is to convince, regenerate, and convert thofe whom the Father gave to Chrift in his eternal purpofe, and make them partakers of all the benefits of the covenant of gracCj^ both in time and eternity.

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4,,

Chrift did truly rife again from death, and took again his body, with flefh, bones, and all things appertaining to the perfedlion of man’s nature, wherewith he afcended into heaven, and there fitteth making interceffion for all his people until he return to judge all men at the laft day.

Predeftination to life is the everlafting purpofe of God, whereby (before the foundations of the world were laid) he hath decreed, by his counfel fecret to us, to deliver from curfe and damnation thofe whom he hath chofen in Chrift (not for any thing forefeen in them, but according to his eternal purpofe and grace) out of mankind, and to bring them by Chrift to everlafting falvation, as veftels made to honour.

Wherefore they which be endued with fo excellent a benefit of God, be called according to God’s purpofe by his Spirit working in due feafon; they through grace obey the calling; they be juftified freely ; they be made fons of God by adoption ; they be made like the image of his only begotten Son Jefus Chrift j they walk reli-gioufly in good works ; and at length, by God’s mercy, they attain to everlafting felicity.

J unification is an act of God’s free grace, wherein he pardoneth all our fins, and accepteth us as righteous in his fight, only for the righteoufnefs of Chrift imputed to us, and received by faith alone.

Good works are only fuch as God hath commanded in his holy word, and not fuch as, without the warrant thereof, are devifed by men out of blind zeal, or upon any pretence of good intentions : although good works, which are the fruits of faith, and follow after 4

juftification, cannot put away our fins, and endure the feverity of God’s judgments, yet are they pleafmg and acceptable to God in Chrift, and do fpring out neceflarily of a true and lively faith ; in-Ibmuch that by them a lively faith may be as evidently known as a tree is difeerned by its fruit.

The moral law doth for ever bind all, as well junified perfons as others, to the obedience thereof; and that not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but alfo in refpeél of the authority of God the creator who gave it ; neither doth Chrift in the gofpel any way dif-folve, but much ftrengthen this obligation.

Although true believers be not under the law as a covenant of works, to be thereby juftified or condemned; yet it is of great ufe to them as well as to others ; in that, as a rule of life, informing them of the will of God and their duty, it diredls and binds them to walk accordingly ; difeovering alfo the finful pollutions of their nature, hearts, and lives ; fo as examining themfelves thereby they may come to further convidion of, humiliation for, and hatred again ft fin ; together with a clearer fight of the need they have of Chrift, and the perfection of his obedience : it is likewife of ufe to the regenerate to reftrain their corruption, in that it forbids fin ; and the threatenings of it ferve to fliew what even their fins deferve, and what affligions in this life they may expect for them, although freed from the curfe thereof threatened in the law.

The bodies of men after death return to duft, and fee corruption ; but their fouls (which neither die nor fleep) having an immortal fubftance, immediately return to God who gave them. The fouls of the righteous, being made perfeél in holinefs, are received into the higheft heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and

Appendix.] , TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;415

glory, waiting only for the full redemption of their bodies : and the fouls of the wicked are caft into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darknefs, referved to the judgment of the great day. Bcfide thefe two places, for fouls feparate from their bodies, the Scripture acknowledgeth none. At the laft day, fuch as are found alive fhall not die, but be changed -, and all the dead fhall be raifed up with the felf-fame bodies, and none other, although with different qualities, which fhall be again united to their fouls for ever.

The bodies of the unjuft fhall, by the power of Chrift, be raifed to difhonour j the bodies of the juft, by his fpirit, unto honour, and be made conformable to his own glorious body.

God hath appointed a day wherein he will judge the world in righteoufnefs, by Jefus Chrift, to whom all power and judgment is given of the Father j in which day not only the apoftate angels fhall be judged, but like wife all perfons that have lived upon earth fhall appear before the tribunal of Chrift, to give an account of their thoughts, words, and deeds ƒ and to receive according to what they have done in the body, whether good or evil. The end of God’s appointing this day is for the manifeftation of the glory of his mercy in the eternal falvation of the eled, and of his juftice in the damnation of the wicked and difobedient ; for then fhall the righteous go into everlafting life, and receive that fulnefs of joy and refrefhing which fhall come from the prefence of the Lord ; but the wicked who know not God, and obey not the gofpel of Jefus Chrift, fhall be caft into everlafting burnings, and be punifhed with eternal de-ftrudion from the prefence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.

The catholic or univerfal church, which is invifible, confifts of the whole number of the eled that have been, are, or fHall be gathered into one, under Chrift thé head thereof y and is the fpoufe„

4x6 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE [Appendix.

the body, the fulnefs of Him that filleth all in all. The vifible church, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;lt;

which is alfo catholic or univerfal under the gofpcl [not confined to one nation as before, under the law), confifts of all thofe throughout the world that profefs the true religion, together with their children ;

and is the kingdom of the Lord Jefus Chrift, the houfe and family out of which there is no ordinary poffibility of falvation.

Unto this catholic vifible church Chrift hath given the miniftry, oracles, and ordinances of God, for the gathering and perfedling of the faints, in this life, to the end of the world ; and doth by his own prefence and fpirit, according to his promife, make them effedual thereunto. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;«

There is no other head of the church but the Lord Jefus Chrift j neither hath any temporal prince, fecular power, or civil magiftrate, any right to exercife any authority over her ; neither needeth Ihe any eftablifliments from them, being founded upon Him who is the rock of ages ; fo that the gates of hell fhall not prevail again ft her ; and the Higheft himfelf fhall eftablilh her.

The vifible church hath, in fubjedlion to Chrift her head, power • to chufe bilhops, or paftors, and deacons, to act in their feveral offices. The church likewife hath power to depofe both minifters and deacons, if it be found neceflary for truth and confcience fake ; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(

to admit members into church fellowlhip; and, in cafe of mifcondud, to exclude them from her communion ; but if the caufe or reafon

of depofing the one or excluding the other is removed, then the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;|

Chrift, in the riches of his love and care towards his church, hath appointed in it to be of perpetual ftanding ufe, as what will be needful to the church throughout all generations to the end of the world ; ift. Paftors or bilhops, that fhould be fettled in different churches, ' nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA. ISLANŒ. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;417

in the Lord.} and to adminifler ordinances of worfhip and difcipline, as well as to preach the word to them ; who are to be folemnly fet apart to their important office by falling, prayer, and laying on of hands, by one or more perfons who have been regul rly called and ordained to the minifterial office. 2d. Deacons ; unto whofe office belongs the adlual exercife and application of the bounty and benevolence of the church unto the poor that are planted therein ; and to provide for the table of the Lord ; and who are to be ordained to their truft by prayer and impofition of hands.

Baptifm is an ordinance of the Lord Jefus Chrift’s inftitution in his vilible church, to be continued till the end of time, and is a vifiblc fign of inward and fpiritual grace, is an initiating ordinance to the fellowfhip and communion of the church, and' is to be adminiftered to believing adults and their children, and them only ; the mode of adminiflration to be that of pouring or fprinkling, and is to be done by a minifter of the word of God, lawfully called and ordained thereunto.

The Lord’s Supper is an ordinance of the New Tellament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to the appointment of Jefus Chrift, his death is Ihewed forth j and they that worthily communicate feed upon his body and blood, to their fpiritual nouriffi-ment and growth in grace ; have their union and communion with him confirmed ; teftify and renew their thankfulnefs and engagements to God, and their mutual love and fellowlhip with each other, as members of the fame myftical body ; and is to be adminiftered by one who labours in word and doólrine, properly called and ordained thereunto.

The Lord’s day ought to be fo remembered beforehand, as that all worldly bufinefs of our ordinary calling may be fo ordered, and fo timely and feafonably laid afide, as they may not be impediments to the due fandtifying of the day when it comes. The whole day is to be celebrated as holy to the Lord, both in public and private, as being the Chriflian fabbath. To which end it is requifite, that there be a holy ceflation or refting all that day from all unneceffary labours, and an abftaining from all worldly words and thoughts : that all the people meet fo timely for public worfhip, that the whole congregation may be prefent at the beginning, and with one heart folemnly join together in all parts of the public worfhip, and not depart till after the blefling.

The ordinances in a fingle congregation are, prayer, thankfgiving, and finging of pfalms or hymns, the word read (although there follow no immediate explication of what is read), the word expounded and applied, catechifing, the facraments adminiftered, and difmiffing the people with a bleffing.

Marriage is of divine appointment, inflituted by God at the time of man’s innocency, for the procreation of children to be brought up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and to the praife of his holy name, for a remedy againft fin, and to avoid fornication, that fuch perfons as have not the gift of continency might marry, and keep themfelves undefiled. This was'pradlifed in the Jewilh church, countenanced by Chrift, and recommended by the apofile as honourable among all. Therefore marriage is to be between one man and one woman only j and they fuch as are not within the degrees of

Appendix.] TO THE SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;419

confanguinity or affinity prohibited by the word of God ; and the perfons are to be of years and difcretion, fit to make their own choice, or, upon good grounds, to give their mutual confent. Then the perfons about to enter the ftate of marriage are to fignify their intentions to the minifier refiding nearefi to their refpeólive abodes three weeks before their intended confummation of marriage, that he may publicly declare their intentions three fucceffive fabbaths in the congregation, to the end that if there be any lawful objections againfi the perfons entering into that holy fiate, it may be fet afide ; but if no objection appears, then the day being appointed (which we advife not to be the fab bath), and a competent number of witnefles aflembled, the minifier, after a folemn prayer to God and a fuitable exhortation, is to proceed as follows: viz. firfi directing the man to take the woman by the right hand, and fiiy thefe words, “ I, M. do take “ thee, N. to be my married wife, and do in the prefence of God and “ before this congregation promife and covenant to be a loving and “ faithful hufband unto thee, until God fhall feparate us by death.” Then the woman fliall take the man by the right hand, and fay thefe words : “ I, N. do take thee, M. to be my married hufband, and I “ do in the prefence of God and before this congregation promife “ and covenant to be a loving, faithful, and obedient wife unto thee, “ until God fhall feparate us by death.” Then without any further ceremony the minifier fhall in the face of the congregation pronounce them to be hufband and wife, according to God’s ordinance ; and fo conclude with prayer.

Chrifi hath no where in his word commanded any ceremony to be made ufe of over a deccafed perfon, cither previous to, or at the interment ; fuch as finging, praying, amp;c. Therefore it feems mofi confifient that the dead body be in a decent manner conveyed to the place appointed for public burial, and then immediately committed to the earth. Yet it is the duty of every Chrifiian friend carnefily to

420 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIRST MISSIONARY VOYAGE. {^'Appendix,

endeavour to improve the bereaving difpenfation, by meditation and. conferences fui table thereto;—And it is hkewife incumbent upon the pallor of the congregation to endeavour to fpeak a word in feafon to furvivors, fuitable to the occafion.

Vie whofe names are underwritten do, in the prefence of God. and each other, acknowledge and believe all. and every one of the above articles are agreeable to and confonant with the word of God • and are, through divine affhlance, refolved to promulgate and teach, the truths contained therein among the heathen -, and purpofe, by the fame grace, to live conformable thereunto, to the glory of God, until death.

■ TONGA TABOO.	SANTA CHRISTINA.
NO.	NO.
1 Mr. B. Bowell	I Mr. J. Harris
3 — J. Buchanan	2 — Wm. Crook
2 — James Cooper 4 — S. Harper 5 — S. Kelfo 6 — J. Nobbs 7 — W. Shelly 8 — G. Veefon Ç — J. Wilkinfon IO — — Gaulton	*

	Diftrifts.	Prefiding Chiefs.	Matt.	Tees,	Numb, of Souls,
I	Whyripoo Whapiawno . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	Inna Madua	4	6	264
2	Whyripoo Whapiawno . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	Wytouah	28	238	1596
3	Wharoomy . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	Wyreede Aowh	I	9	60
4	Hewow nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	Manne Manne	2	11
5	Hahbahboonea nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,	Otoo . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	1	8	54
6	Honoowhyah nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,	Ditto . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	3	28	186
7	Nahnu Nahnoo	Pomarre nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	3	18	126
8	Ot-yayree	Noe Noe	2	22	144
9	Wha-ah-heinah	Roorah and three more	4	53	342
IO 11	Hedeah nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. Part of Terra wow on this fide the ifthmus uninhabited.	Inna Madua . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	42	167	1254
12	Wy-eree nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	Maahe-hanoo (female)	32	42	444
13	Wyooreede . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;,	'lay reede (wife of 'I'emarre)	13	161	1044
14	Attemonoo	Ditto	2	24	156
IS	Pappara	Ditto		^57	1044
16	Ahaheinah . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	Ditto i		IOS	678
17	Attahooroo	Ditto . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	25	243	1608
18	Tettaha ....	Pomarre nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	12	130	852
19	Oparre ....	Ditto	16	199	1290
20	Matavai Total of mei Ditto in Tiai Total on the	Miffionaries . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. ti, women, and children, in raboo , nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. whole ifland , nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;.	.27 Dtahe a	IIO ite	822 12,042 4,008 16,050

Englifli.	Carolinas.	Pelew Iflands.
One	Iota	Tong
Two	Rua	Oroo
Three	Toloo	Othey
Four	Tia	Oang
Five	Leema	Aeem
Six	Honoo	Malong
Seven	Fizoo	Oweth
Eight	Wartow	Tei
Nine	Shievo	Etew
Ten	Segga	Mackoth.

Daniel Bowell	John Eyre
John Buchanan	S. Gaul ton
James Fleet Cover	Samuel Harper
John Harris	Rowland Halfall
William Henry	Peter Hodges
Thomas Lewis	John Jelferfon
Edward Main	S. Kelfo
William Shelley,	Henry Nott
Henry Bicknell	Francis Oakes
Benjamin Broomhall	James Puckey
Samuel Clode	William Puckey
John Coick	William Smith
James Cooper	George Vafon
William Crook	James Wilkinfon