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O F T H E

JL-/<

iNCLliOING

Jefcriptiofl of the Bones, Cartilages, Muscles, Fascias,

Nerve's, Art eries^ Veins, and Glands^

GAMeNT'S,

In Eighteen TABLES, all done from Naturd.

By George Stubbs, Painter.

■

I*0ND0 JSf* Printed by J. Purser, for the Author< if66.

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TO THE

Rj E

WH E N I firft refolved to apply myfelf to the
prefent work, I was flattered with the idea,
that it might prove particularly ufeful to thofe of my own
profeffion 5 and thofe to whofe care and fkill the horfe is
■ufually entrufted, whenever medicine or furgery becomes
neceflary to him ; I thought it might be a defirable addi-
tion to what is ufually collected for the ftudy of com-
parative anatomy, and by no means unacceptable to thofe
gentlemen who delight in horfes, and who either breed or
keep any confiderable number of them. -

The Painter, Sculptor, and Defigner know what affift-
ance is to be gained from the books hitherto publiihed on
this fubjecT:; and as they muft be fuppofed befb able to
judge, how fitly the prefent work is accommodated to their
purpofe, any addrels to them is fliperfluous.

As for Farriers and Horfe-Do&ors, the Veterinarian
School lately eftablifhed in France fhews of what impor-
tance their profeffion is held in that country; amongft
us they have frequent opportunities of differing, and
many of them have coniiderable {kill in anatomy : but it
were to be wiihed that this, as well as other parts of
medical icience, were as generally attended to by them,
as by thofe gentlemen who treat the difeafes and wounds
of the human body. If what I have done may in any
fort facilitate or promote fo neceflary a ftudy amongft
them, I ihall think my labour well beftowed.

I will add, that I make no doubt, but Gentlemen
who breed horfes will find advantage, as well as arnufe-
ment, by acquiring an accurate knowledge of the ftruc-
ture of this beautiful and ufeful animal.

But what I ftiould principally obferve to the Reader
concerning this my performance, is, that all the figures
in it are drawn from nature, for which purpofe I difle&ed
a great number of horfes 5 and thatj at the fame time, I
have confulted moft of the treatifes of reputation on the
general fubjecl: of anatomy.

It is likewife neceflary to acquaint him, that the pro*
portions which I have mentioned in feveral places of the
book, are eftimated from the length of the head, as is
ufually done by thofe who have treated on the proportion
of human figures 5 this length is taken from the top
of the head to the ends of the cutting teeth, and is di-
vided into four equal parts, each of which is again di-?
vided into twelve minutes.

The

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ANATOMY of the HORSE.

The

The firft Anatomical Ta b l e of the Skeleton of a Horse ex

vertebra; e the tranfverfe hole through which a nerve and
blood-veffels pafs. N. B_t This vertebra receives the ar-
ticulating part of the occipital borte, as well as the fupe-
rior articulating part of the fecond vertebra: the reft of the
vertebrae in the inferior articulating parts of their bodies
receive the fuperior articulating parts of the vertebra be-
low, and have their fuperior articulating parts received
by thofe above, fo it is with the back and loins; E the
fuperior and pofterior holes;

fghiklmn 1 2 The epiftrophaeus or fecond vertebra of
the neck; /the inferior part of the body which receives
and is fuftained by the third vertebra of the neck ; g the
fuperior part of its body, which is received by and fuf-
tains the atlas or firft vertebra of the neck ; h the ante-
rior protuberance of the body of this vertebra; i the
tranfverfe procefs; k the fpinal procefs ; / the lower ob-
lique procefs on the right fide, which is covered with a
fmooth cartilage within the dotted lines; m the lower
oblique procefs°on the left fide; at 1 is a hole where the
vertebral artery goes in and comes out at 2, called the

tranfverfe hole.

opqrstuwxy The third vertebra of the neck; 0 the an-
terior protuberance of the body of this vertebra ; p is the
fuperior part of the body of this vertebra, which is receiv-
ed into the inferior part of the body of the fecond verte-
bra ; and a is the inferior which receives the fuperior part
of the body of the fourth vertebra; r the tranfverfe pro-
cefs ; s the right upper oblique procefs; t the right low-
er oblique procefs; u the fpinal procefs; w the tranfverfe
holes through which the vertebral arteries and veins of
the neck pais; x the left upper oblique procefs; y the
left lower oblique procefs feen thro' the large foramen or
hole which contains the medulla fpinalis, or fpinal marrow.

iV. B. This explanation may ferve for the fourth, fifth,
fixth, and feventh vertebra of the neck; only that the
anterior portuberance is wanting in the fixth; but inftead
of that there is a procefs on each fide which is obliquely
placed a little more anteriorly than the tranfverfe procefs

A but

eye-lid ; 2 a finus or cavity belonging to the nafal canal;

3 a future common to this bone with the cheek bone;

4 a future common to this bone with the bone of the nofe;
rr a future common to this bone with the bone of the fore-
head ; 6 a future common to this bone with the upper

jaw bone.

7 8 9 1 o Os jugale, or cheek bone 589a future form-
ed by the union of this bone with the upper jaw bone;
10 a future formed by the union of the orbitary part of
this bone with the os unguis.

11 11 12 13 1415 Os maxillae fuperioris, or the
Upper jaw bone ; 12 the foramen or hole of the chan-
nel 12 which paries along the bottom of the orbit of the
eye j 13 a future common to this bone with the bone of
the nofe; 14 a future common to the anterior part of this
bone 15, and the pofterior part 11 12 13.

16 Os nafi

17 17 17 1718 19 19 20 The lower mandible or jaw
bone ; at 17 17 17 17 are marked roughnefles, from
which arife the tendinous parts of the mafTeter; 18 a hole
out of which paries a nerve of the fifth pair and blood-
veffels to the chin; 19 19 the coronal or acute procefs ;
20 its condyle or head that is joined with the temporal

bone.

21 A moveable cartilaginous plate which is interpofed
in the articulation of the lower jaw.

The Vertebra of the Neck,
AJEEabbcde The atlas or uppermoft vertebra; AJE
the pofterior and fuperior part of the left fide of this ver-
tebra, which articulates with the condyloid procefs of the
occipital bone; A the anterior and fuperior part of the
right fide of the atlas, which articulates with the occipital
bone as a large tubercle on the anterior part of this ver-
tebra; bb the tranfverfe procefTes; c the protuberance,
tubercle, or inequality on the pofterior part of this ver-
tebra, which feems to be in the place of a fpinal apo-
phyfis ; d the pofterior, and inferior part of the right
fide of this vertebra, which articulates with the fecond

Bones in the Head.

aaaabcdefg

HE osfrontis, or forehead bone;

b a fmall hole which tranfmits
an artery and nerve out of the
orbit to the frontal mufcle ; c a
f�tnre which joins the frontal bone with the zygomatic
S S Ucefs of the temporal bone; de the coronal
fatS"; /afquamofe, . or fade-like future; , the part of
t which makes a fenated or true future, common to the
frontal bone with the parietal bone; /a future common
to the frontal and nafal bones_} g a future common to this

bone with the os unguis.

hik The vertical, or parietal bone , t a fquamofe fu-
ture common to the parietal bone with the temporal bone ■
?the lambdoid future, common to the parietal bone with

the occipital bone. . .

Imnoppq The occipital bone; /the occipital protube-
rant which -in this animal is very large together with
the internal fpine, or protuberance, which, direffly op-
pofite to this, makes a ftrong body of bone in this place;
betwixt m and n is a future, which, in young horfes, is
eafilv feparated, but afterwards becomes firmly united ;
a orocefs which makes a confiderable addition to the
mamillary procefs of the temporal bone ; p the condy-
SZJs, which is incrufted with a fmooth cartilage.

rsstuwx Os temporis, or temporal bone ; r the zygo-
matic or jusal procefs of the temporal bone; t the part
which articuktes" with the lower jaw bone; uu, a part
which, in young horfes, may be eafily^divided but af-
terwards becomes firmly united; it is diftinguifhed by the
name of os petrofa, or apophyfis petrofa; // the mammii-
lary procefs; w the bony meatus, or entrance or the ear;
x a future common to the cheek bone, with the zygoma-
tic procefs of the temporal bone. ^

vz The orbitary portion of the bone of the palate; y a
future common to it with the os frontis; z a future com-
mon to it with the upper jaw bone

_I1U,6 Os unguis; 1 a fmall protuberance or
rouahnefs from whence arifes the orbicular mufcle of the

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	[. i 1 but not rifing high enough to meet over the medulla fpi- nalis as thofe of the firft do;, it makes two fmall procefTes : thefe protuberating parts diminifh fo faft that after the fifth or fixth bone they almoft difappear, and the bones below are of an oblong figure thickeft towards their ex- tremities. There are 18 bones in the tail. Bones in the thorax and jhoulder-blades. aaaaab The fternum or breaft bone, of which the parts a a a a a are bony, the reft, b is chiefly cartilagi- nous, or ligamentous, by which the bony parts are con- nected together. icde The firft rib; c the head by which it is articulat- ed with the tranfverfe procefs of the firft or uppermoft vertebra of the back; d the anterior or former part of the faid head which is connected to the bodies of the fe- venth vertebra of the neck and firft of the back; e the cartilaginous end by which it is continued to the fternum. This explanation will ferve for the reft of the ribs, but it is to be obferved, that the eight fuperior ribs only are connected to the fternum, the others are called falfe ribs. 1 2,34567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Shew the external fide of the ribs on the right fide, and inters nal on the left fide. fg The inner fide of the left fcapula or fhoulder-blade. hikllmmnnopq The right fcapula ; h it's neck; / it's fpine; k the coracoid apopyfis, or epiphyfis ; // it's in- ferior cofta ; m m it's fuperior cofta ; nnits bafis; 0 fof- fa fub-fpinalis; p foffa fupra-fpinalis ; q a cartilaginous continuation of the fcapula.
but afcends obliquely outwards to join with it; it is mark- ed z. A continuation of the bones of the fpine from the neck. i abcdefG The fir ft or uppermoft vertebra of the back; a the body; b the tranfverfe procefs ; c the upper oblique procefs; d the lower oblique procefs; e the fpinal pro- cefs ; f the lower oblique procefs of the left fide, feen through the large hole which contains the medulla fpina- lis; G the ligament interpofed betwixt the bodies of the firft and fecond vertebra of the back. 256789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 The vertebrae below the ift, to the letters of which the ex- planation of the firft will anfwef. I ABCDEF The fix vertebras of the loins j the expla- nation of the firft vertebra of the back will anfwer to the vertebrae of the loins. ggghiiiiikklllmmmm The 6s factum or great bone of the fpine '�, ggg the anterior part or body of this bone which, in young animals, is divided into as many bodies as there are fpines in this bone, it being then like five ver- tebrae, whofe tranfverfe procefFes make the unequal rough part h of this bone; iiiii the five fpines; kkk three inferior and anterior holes, which tranfmit the nerves on each fide; ///pofterior foramina or holes; thefe foramina, both anterior and pofterior, anfwer to the fo- ramina through which are feen, in this table, the oblique procefTes of the left fide of the vertebrae both of the neck, back, and loins; the tranfverfe procefTes of this bone be- ing joined, make two holes, one anterior, the other pof- terior, of which there is but one in the neck, &c. the tranf- verfe procefTes not being joined ; mm m m the parts of this bone made by the union of thofe parts which were oblique procefTes when it was divided into five vertebrae. nopq The firft bone of the coccyx or tail; n the body, 0 the tranfverfe procefs, p the upper oblique procefs, which articulates with the os facrum; there is no lower oblique procefs ; q the fpine ; r the ligament interpofed betwixt the bodies of the firft and fecond bone of the tail, tying them together. The fame letters on the reft of the bones of the tail will anfwer to the explanation of the firft, only it is to be obferved, that there is but little appearance of any protuberating parts after four or five of the upper- moft ; and in the fecond the uppermoft oblique procefs forms no articulation with the firft. there being no lower oblique procefs, on any other of thefe bones as obferved before : the fpinal procefs of the fecond bone of the tail is double, arifing from the fides of the fpinal channel,
			when the cubit is bent as much as it can be ; m the pof- terior finus which receives the olecranon of the ulna when the cubit is extended as much as it can be. nopqr The radius ; no the upper head; 0 a protube- rance into which the tendon of the biceps mufcle of the arm and brachialis are inferted ; pqr the lower head of this bone; p denotes a finus or groove through which goes the tendon of the extenfor carpi radialis ; q a finus through which goes the tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis; r a finus through which goes the tendon which is analagous tb the tendon of the extenfor minimi digiti. sttuu* The ulna; s the olecranon or elbow; it the part which articulates with the humerus; uu the lower part, which is very fmall arid in aged feorfes becomes one bone with the radius. vo xy z 2 3 The bones of the carpus; w os fcaphoides or naviculare ; x os lunare; y os cuneiforme ; z os pifi- Torme or drbiculare: (the bone called trapezium, which articulates with the thumb is not in the horfe; and the bone which lies next it called the trapezoid, cubical, or leaft of the multangular bones of the wrift, is not feen on this limb in this table; but on the left upper limb in this table is marked 1.) 2 os magnum or the great round- headed bone of the wrift ; 3 the unciform or hook-like bone of the wrift, 4567 The metacarpal bones in this animal called the thank-bones> of which that marked 4 5 is equal to two of the metacarpal bones joined together, viz. that of the middle finger, and that of the ring finger; 4 the upper head by which it articulates with the carpus; 5 the lower head, in this place incrufted with a fmooth cartilage; 6 f an imperfea metacarpal bone in the place of that in the human fkeleton which belongs to the little finger; 6 the upper head by which it articulates with the unctform bone or the carpus ; 7 the lower head, which is very fmall, and (the bones of the little finger being wanting) forms no articulation. 10 11 Two bones which are always to be found in this joint; fuch bones are called fefamoid bones in the hu- man fkeleton, and are frequently found in the firft joints of the index and little finger, and in the joints of the thumb ; they ferve to throw the bending tendons farther from the centre of motion in this joint and form a proper groove for them to flide in. 12 13 A bone which is equal to the bones of the pha- langes of the middle and ring finger in the human fkeleton; in a horfe this is called the great pafterri. 14 * 5 The bone of the fecond phalanx of the fingers, or the little pattern or coronary bone, %6 Tte

		Bones in the right upper limb. abcdefghikKlm The humerus or bone of the arm ^ b denotes a protuberance into which the teres minor is in- ferted; c defg h the . upper head; cde three protube- rances which form two finufes of grooves which are pretty deep and incrufted with a fmob'th cartilage; they ferve to confine the heads of the biceps mufcle from fliping fide- ways ; but by their fmooth cartilaginous incruftation they fuffer them to f lide eafily up and down ; the heads of this mufcle are united over the middle protuberance d and the place of their union is covered with flejhy fibres : h the part of the head which is joined to the cavity of the fca- pula, covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft; / the external condyle of the lower head ; k K the head covered with a fmooth cartilage with which the radius is articulat- ed ; K the double articular eminence ; 1 the anterior fof- fula or finus that receives the upper head of the radius

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	C 3 ] fpine or ridge of the os pubis \ k the great foramen of the ifchium and pubis j /// the external margin of the aceta- bulum. aabccdfhiikll* The left os innominatum, which will anfwer to the explanation of the right os innominatum, with this difference only, that the left (hews the external view and this the internal view. In the lower limbs, abeeddefghi The right femur or thigh bone; a the body or middle of this bone; beedde the upper extremi- ty, of which, b is the neck ; cc the head incrufted with a fmooth cartilage where it is jointed into the acetabulum j dd thz great trochanter or fpoke; e the lefs trochanter or fpoke; /a very prominent part of the linea afpera, into which the external gluteus is inferted along with a part of the fafcia lata ; g a large fofla or notch, out of and from the borders of which the external head of the ge- mellus, and the plantaris mufcles arife; hi the lower ex- tremity -, h the outer condyle of the lower head, which at / is covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft. klmnopppp The left femur or thigh bone ; / the lefs trochanter \ m a roughnefs from which arifes the internal head of the gemellus j n the inner condyle; o the outer condyle; pppp the fmooth cartilaginous cruft which co- vers the part of this lower head where it is jointed to the tibia and patella. qqqrr The patellae or knee-pan bones ; rr that part which is covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft which forms part of the joint at the knee. ss The inner fimilunar cartilages which are interpofed in the joints of the knees. tt The outer fimilunar cartilages in the joints of the knees. uvwxyuvwxy The tibiae or greater bones of the legs j u the upper head; v that part of the upper head which, be- longing to the joint of the knee, is covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft; w a protuberance in which terminate the anterior ligaments which come from the patella and tie it to the tibia ; y the lower head of the right tibia; z the lower head of the left tibia. 121 The fibulae or fmall bones of the legs; 1 the up- per head; 2 the lower extremity which ends here almoft in a point. 3 4 5 4 5 6 ^he ^auTag^an ^or cockal bones j 4 5 the
		part which forms the juncture with the bone of the leg covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft. 7789 The calcanei or heel-bones ; 8 the projecting part that fuftaihs thd aftragalus \ 9 the tubercle into which is inferted the tendon of the gemellus, and to which the tendon of the plantaris is attached by ligaments* I o The cubical bone of the tarfus or ancle. II 11 The navicular bones of the tarfus. 12 12 The middle cuneiform bones of the tarfus. 13 The lefs cuneiform bone of the tarfus. JV.B. What are called the great cuneiform bones of the; tarfus in the human Ikeleton are (as well as the bones of the great toe) wanting in this animal. 14 15 16 17 14 15 16 18 19 The bones of the meta- tarfus or inftep j 1415a bone which is equal to the me- tatarfal bones of the fecond and third little toes both to- gether in the human Ikeleton; 14 the upper head which articulates with the three lower bones of the tarfus; 15 the lower head, in this place covered with a fmooth car- tilaginous cruft* where it articulates with the upper head of the bone of the firft phalanx or order of the fmall toes; 16 17 an imperfect metatarfal bone in the place of that which, in the human ikeleton, belongs to the little toe ; 16 the upper head, by which it articulates with the cu- bical bone of the tarfus; 17 the lower head which is very fmall, and (the bones of the little toe being wanting) forms no articulation; 18 19 an imperfect metatarfal bone in the place of that which, in the human Ikeleton, belongs to the firft of the fmall toes; 18 the upper head by which it articulates with the lefs cuneiform bone of the tarfus -j 19 the lower head which is very fmall, and (the bones of the firft of the fmall toes being wanting) forms no articulation. 20 21 20 21 Bones which are always to be found in thefe joints, two in each, fuch are called fefamoid bones in the human Ikeleton; they ferve, in this joint, to throw the bending tendons farther from the center of motion, O n't' and form a proper groove for them to Hide in. 22 23 24 2223 24 The bones which are in the places of the three phalanges, or orders of bones of the fmall toes in the human ikeleton : with farriers the firft are called the areat pafterns, the fecond the little pafterns, or coronary bones, the third the coffin bones. 25 25 Sefamoid bones lying over the pofterior parts of the articulations of the coffin bones, with the coronary bones.
,6 The bone of the third phalanx, in a horfe called the coffin bone. . . r_tt. , ₇ A fefamoid bone lying over the poftenor part of the articulation of the coffin bone with the coronary bone, or the two laft phalanges of the fingers. In the left upper limb. ■cde The os humeri; ede three protuberances which form two fmufes or grooves wh.ch are pretty deep and m- ^CmK^Wk^ⁿT^^^ in the upper head into whf h hVbic^m^ of the arm and br^hialis inter- nus are inferred ; f denotes a finus or groove in the lower head L which the tendon of the extenfor carpi rad.ahs lies. ** A fmall part of the ulna which in aged horfes be- comes one bone with the radius, but in young ones is join- ed to it by ligaments. wxz i » The bones of the carpus ; w os fphenoides or naviculare; x os lunare ; z os pififorme or orbiculare; " os trapezium j a os magnum, or the great round-head- ed bone of the wrift. . a e 8 o the (hank or metacarpal bones; 45 is equal to the metacarpal bones of the middle and ring fingers Joined together ; 4 the ^head ^bY ^which ^rt articulates ^w!^ththe bones of the carpus j _S the lower head incrufted with a fmooth cartilage_} 89 an imperfeft metacarpal bone in the place of that which belongs to the fore-finger in the human Ikeleton; 8 the upper head by which it articulates with the trapezoid bone of the carpus; 9 the lower head which is very fmall, and the bones of the fore-finger being wanting it forms no articulation. 10 11 12 13 14 IS ^l6 ¹7 ^The ^three ^boneS ^the ^fin" per or the great partem; the little paftern or coronary bone and coffin bone with the three fefamoid bones which will all anfwer to the explanation on the right upper limb in this table. j In the pelvis. abodefgghiiklll The right os innominatum or bafon bone including three others; abed the os .hum, hip, or flank bone; be the fpine; b the anterior part of the fpine: c the pofterior part; d the protuberance from which arifes the reaus mufcle of the leg; efgg the os ifchium, or hich bone; e the acute procefs; /the tuber- cle of the ifchium ; gg the pofterior notch for the pafTage of the internal obturator mufcle; hit the os pubis; ii the



			B The

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	The fecond Anatomical Table of the Skeleton of a Horse explained.

		the bottoms of the noftrils and arch of the palate; 7 7 889 the anterior parts, which are joined to the pofterior parts of thefe bones by futures marked 14 in table the firft of the fkeleton; 7 7 parts belonging to the bottoms of the noftrils and to the arch of the palate; 9 a future common to the upper jaw bones. 10 11 12 13 1415 The fix dentes incifores, cutting teeth, or nippers, of the upper jaw. 16 16 18 18 Maxilla inferior, the lower mandible or jaw bone; 18 18 the coronoid apophyfis. In the Spine. aa The tranfverfe proceffes of the atlas, or uppermofl: vertebra of the neck. 1 d The tranfverfe procefs of the fifth vertebra of the neck. ibcddefg The fixth vertebra of the neck ; b the an- terior and lower part of the body of this vertebra, which receives the fuperior part of the body of the feventh ver- tebra; c the fuperior part of the body of this vertebra, which is received by the fourth vertebra; dd the tranf- verfe procefs; e the anterior oblique procefs which is peculiar to this vertebra, and marked z & in table the firft, f the upper oblique procefs; g the lower oblique procefs. 2,bcdfg The feventh or laft vertebra of the neck; 3 the body; b the anterior protuberance of the body or this vertebra; c the head or upper part of the body of this vertebra, which articulates with the vertebra above it; d the tranfverfe procefs; /"the upper oblique procefs; g the lower oblique procefs. hhhhikk &c. UStc The vertebrx of the back ; hhhh the bodies; / the upper oblique procefs of the firft verte- bra of the back; thofe of the reft are not feen in this ta- ble ; kkScc. the tranfverfe proceffes; HScc the fpinal pro- cerus. 1 mnop The firft vertebra of the loins; m the upper oblique procefs; n the lower oblique procefs; p the tranf- verfe procefs; 0 the fpinal procefs. The fame explanation will do for all thofe of the loins. qrrrr The os facrum, or great bone of the fpine ; q the upper oblique procefs, by which it articulates with the lower oblique procefs of the loweft vertebra of the loins ; rrrr the fpinal proceffes. ssss The bones of the tail. In the 'Thorax and Shoulder-blades, aaaaab The fternum, or breaft bone, of which the
In the Head. Aaabbccddeeffgg A~§�\ H E os frontis, or forehead bone divided into two by the continuation A of the fagittal or longitudinal future ; bb the fuperciliar foramina, or holes tranfmitting each a fmall artery and nerve, out of the orbit, to the frontal mufcles; cc futures which con- join the frontal bone with the zygomatic or jugal proceffes of the temporal bones"; dd futures common to the os frontis with the temporal bones, which are fquamofe parts of the coronal future ; ee thofe parts of the coronal fu- ture which make a true future, and are common to the frontal bone with the parietal bones; ff futures common to the frontal and nafal bones; gg futures common to the frontal bone with the offa unguis. hhiikkl The vertical or parietal bones; // the fqua- mofe or fcale-like futures, which are formed by the con- junction of the parietal with the temporal bones; kk the lambdoide future formed by the conjunction of the parietal bones with the occipital bone ; I the fagittal or longitudi- nal future, formed by the union of the two parietal bones. mnn The occipital bone; m the larcre protuberance which is marked / in table the firft, and which, in a horfe, is called the nole bone; nn appendixes or additions to the lambdoid future formed by the union of the occipital bone with the temporal bones. ooooppqrr The temporal bones; oooo the zygomatic or jugal procefles of the temporal bones; r futures com- mon to the zygomatic proceffes of the temporal bones with the offa jugalia or cheek bones. ssttuu The offa nafi, or bones of the nofe; betwixt s and s is a future common to the two nafal bones ytt fu- tures common to the nafal bones with the ofla unguis; uu futures common to the nafal bones with the upper jaw bones. wwxxyyzz The ofla unguis; x futures common to the offa unguis with the offa jugalia; yy futures common to the offa unguis with the offa maxillaria, or great bones of the upper jaw; zz fmall protuberances or roughneffes, from which arife the orbicular mufcles of the eye-lids. 11 2 2 3.3 The offa jugalia, or cheek bones; 3 3 futures formed by the union of the cheek bones with the upper jaw bones. 44556677889 The offa maxillaria, or great bones of the upper jaw; 5 5 the foramina, or holes of the chan- nels, which pafs along the bottoms of the orbits of the eyes ; 6 6 parts of the upper jaw bones which belong to
				parts aaaaa are bony, the reft b is chiefly cartilaginous or ligamentous and connects the bony parts together. C The enfiform cartilage. lede The firft rib on the right fide; c the head, bv which it is articulated with the tranfverfe procefs of the hrit or uppermoft vertebra of the back; d the anterior or former part of the faid head which is conne&ed to the bodies of the feventh vertebra of the neck, and firft of the back ; e the cartilaginous end by which it is continu- ed to the fternum.�This explanation will ferve for the reft of the ribs on both fides, which are figured according to their order from the firft or uppermoft.^&_fghiikkllmno, fghkkp the fcapulse, or moulder blades; / the neck ; g the fpine ; h the coracoide or crow's-bill procefs ; ii the inferior cofta ; kk the fuperior coita; // the bafis; _m foffa fub-fpinalis; n foffa fupfa- ipmahs; 0 a cartilaginous continuation of the bafis {ca- pillar; p the internal and concave fide of the left fcapula. In the Pelvis. : ^ahcddddeeeeff The innominate or bafon bones, includ- ^lng three others; a be the os illium or flank bone; b the Jj7T^Y ^Frt °^f ^tfs ^fpIne' ^c ^the potior P^art ^of ^k'^s �^ne dddd part of the ifchion or hich bone, feen betwixt the �; eeee part of the os pubis, feen alfo betwixt the ribs; ff _trie foramina or holes of thefe bones, feen like- wiie betwixt the ribs. In the upper Limbs, abcdefghiklmn, a be de hiklmn the humeri, or bones or the arm; b denotes a protuberance into which the teres minor is inferted ; cdefgh the upper head ; cde �^ee protuberances which form two finufes or grooves, which are incrufted with a fmooth cartilage; they ferve to confine the heads of the biceps mufele of the arm from lliping fideways, but fuffer them eafily to Hide up and down; h that part of the head which is covered with a imooth cartilaginous cruft, and articulates with the fca- pula ; i _th_e external condyle of the lower head; kl the lower head covered with a fmooth cartilage with which ^ ^ra1^iUS ^is ^articulated; k the round articular eminence^ / the double articular eminence; m the anterior foffula or iinus that receives the upper head of the radius when the cubit is bent as much as it can be; n the internal condyle. opq, opqrr The radii, or the radius of each arm ; os protuberance in the upper head, into which the biceps

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	[ 5 3 fkeleton, belongs to the little-finger; 6 the upper head by which it articulates with the unciform bone of the car- pus ; 7 the lower head which is very fmall, and (the bones of the little-linger being wanting) forms no articu- lation ; 8 9 an imperfect metacarpal bone in the place of that which, in the human fkeleton, belongs to the index or firft finger ; 8 the upper head, by which it articulates with the trapezoid bone of the carpus; 9 the lower head, which is very fmall, and (the bones of the firft-finger be- ing wanting) forms no articulation* 1 o 11 Sefamoid bones. 1213, 1213 Bones which are equal to the bones of the firft phalanges of the middle and ring-fingers in the hu- man fkeleton : in a horfe thefe are called the great pat- terns. 14 15, 14 15 bones of the fecond phalanges j the lit- tle pafterns or coronary bones. 16 16 The bones of the third phalanges or coffin bones. 17 A fefamoid bone, lying over the pofterior part of the articulation of the coronary bone with the coffin bone, or the two laft phalanges. In the lower Limbs* abcde, aff The thigh bones ; a the greater trochanter or fpoke ; b the lefs trochanter ; c the protuberating part of the linea afpera, into which the external glutseus is in- ferted along with a part of the mufculus fafcia lata ; d the outer condyle ; e the inner condyle ; ff the anterior part of the lower head of the right femur covered with a fmooth cartilage for it's articulation with the patella, and it's in- ternal-anterior and internal-lateral ligaments. g, gg The patellae or knee-pan bones. h The outer femi-lunar cartilage in the joint of the knee.
		iklm, im The tibiae, or great bones of the legs; kl the upper head ; k a protuberance, into which is fixed the anterior ligaments of the patella ; / that part which belongs to the joint of the knee and is covered with a fmooth cartilage; m the lower head, which articulates with the bones of the tarfus. M The fibula. nopp^nop The aftragali, or cockal bones; no the part which forms the juncture with the bone of the leg, covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft. qr The os calcis, or heel bone; r the projecting part that fuftains the aftragalus. s The cuboid, or cubical bone of the tarfus. // The navicular bones of the tarfus. uu The middle cuneiform bones of the tarfus. w The fmall cuneiform bone of the tarfus. xyz&, xyz& The metatarfal, or inftep bones; xya. bone which is equal to the metatarfal bones, of the fecond and third fmall toes both together in the human fkeleton; x the upper head, which articulates with the three lower bones of the tarfus; y the lower head, which, in this place is incrufted with a fmooth cartilage, and articulates with the upper head of the firft phalanx or order of the fmall toes ; z&z& the imperfect metatarfal bones. 1 1 The bones which ate equal to the firft phalanges of the fecond and third fmall toes, in the fkeleton of a horfe thefe are called the great pafterns. 2 2 The bones of the fecond phalanges, called in the horfe the little pafterns or coronary bones. 3 3 The bones of the third phalanges, or coffin bones, 4 4 The fefamoid bones, lying over the pofterior part of the articulation of the coronary bone with the coffin bone, or the two laft phalanges.
and brachials are inferred ; p denotes a finus, or groove, L the ower head, through which goes the tendor, o^the extenfor carpi radialis ; q a finus, through which goes die tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis , rr a gSSrih^ou. incruftation of the lower head, where it articulates with the bones of the carpus. ss The olecranons of the ulna:. lates wirn lunare, or the lunar bone of incruftation j * _ _incrufted _wkh _a _fmooth S�S* whach it articuLs wkh the radius; y the ^ne form or wedge-like bone of the carpus; I« the tra- Sfi^U or leaft of the multangular bones of the ^rnus at 0 incrufted with a fmooth cartilage for its ar- ticulation with the navicular bone of the carpus; 2 u os r₂num, or the great round-headed bone of the wnft; the part which articulates with the os magnum and os funare, incrufted with a fmooth cartilage; 3 * the unci- form or hook-like bone of the wnft, at U incrufted with a fmooth cartilage, by which it articulates with the lunar and cuneiform bones of the carpus : thefe cartilaginous incruftations do not appear in the left carpus, thejo.nt being fully extended. . �678 456 89 The metacarpal bones, called, in the fkeleton of a horfe, the fhank bones; ₄ 5 the fhank bone which is equal to the metacarpal bone of the middle-finger, and that of the ring-finger both together j 4 ^the "Pper i_e,A ■ t the lower head, incrufted, in this place, with a fmooth cartilage for it's articulation with the great: pattern oT firft phalani of the fingers; 6 7 an imperfoa meta- carpal bone, in the place of that which, m the human



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		Tab. I.

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The third Anatomical Table of the Skeleton of a Horse explained

___________I In the Head.

A AT | A HAT part of the os frontis which helps to
form the orbit of the eye.

__________I abbe The occipital bone, of which abb

is that which, in the fkeleton of a horfe, is called the nole
bone ; c a future common to this bone with the os fphe-
noides.

def The temporal bone; d the zygomatic or jugal
procefs ; e a future common to the temporal bone with
the os fphenoides; f the bony meatus or entrance of the

jaw bone; 8 it's condyle or head, by which the mandible
is articulated to the temporal bone.

9 Dentes incifores, the cutting teeth, or nippers of
the lower jaw.

In the Spine.

abbede The atlas, or uppermoft vertebra of the neck ;
a the protuberance, tubercle, or inequality on the pofterior
part of this vertebra, which feems to be in the place of
a fpinal apophyfis; b b the tranfverfe procefs ; c the fu-
perior and pofterior notch; d the tranfverfe hole; e a
large tubercle on the anterior part of this vertebra.

fgghhiikl The epiftrophaeus, or fecond vertebra of the
neck ; f the fpinal procefs ; at gg the fpirie is divided in-
to two, and continued to the lower oblique prdcefles; hh
the lower oblique proceffes; ii the tranfverfe proceffes;
k the fuperior part of it's body, which is received by,
and fuftains the atlas ; / the tranfverfe hole.

kllmmnnp The third vertebra of the neck; k the fpi-
nal procefs; // the upper oblique proceffes; mm the lower
oblique proceffes; nn the tranfverfe proceffes; p the in-
ternal fide of the body of this vertebra �-This explanation
will ferve for thofe of the neck which are below this; only
it is to be obferved, that 0 marks the upper part of the
body of the fifth vertebra, where it articulates with the
fourth at p; r denotes the anterior oblique procefs of the
fixth vertebra, and qq thofe parts of the oblique pro-
ceiTes which are incrufted with fmooth cartilages^

r r Sees s SecttSec The vertebrae of the back; rr&c the
fpinal proceffes; ssSec the bodies; ttScc the ligaments
interpofed betwixt the bodies of the vertebrae, tying
them to each other.

uuc\cwwxxc\cyyzzb\c The vertebrae of the loins;
uuScc the fpinal proceffes; www the bodies; xxScc the
tranfverfe proceffes; yy the ligaments interpofed betwixt
the bodies of the vertebrae, tying them to each other;
z z &c the openings betwixt the tranfverfe proceffes
through which the nerves come from the medulla fpinalis.

iiiiii222223333344&^c55 5 5 ^Theos facrum, or great bone of the fpine ; nun the

rough part, compofed of the tranfverfe proceffes of this
bone; 22222 the fpinal proceffes; 33333 the an-
terior part, which, in a young horfe, is divided into as
many bodies as there are fpines, betwixt which, in the
parts 5555, are bony lines that were formerly liga-
ments.

6 6 &c 7 7 Sec 8 8 Sec 9 9 Sec The bones of the coccyx or

tail; 6 6 &c the tranfverfe proceffes; 7 7 Sec the fpinal
proceffes ; 8 8&c the bodies ; 9 9 &c the ligaments in-
terpofed betwixt the bodies of the bones of the tail

In the Thorax and Shoulder-blades.

a a The fternum.

b The enfiform cartilage.

ccSecddSeceeSecffSecggSec The ribs; ccSec the
parts by which they articulate with the bodies of the ver-
tebrae ; ddSec the cartilages by which they are continued
to the fternum, eight on each fide; eeScc the external
"de of the ribs; f/Scc the internal fide of the ribs;

gg&c the cartilages of the falfe ribs which are ten oh each
iide.

. hiikl The right fcapuia ; h it's fpirie \ ii it's bafis %

^k a cartilaginous continuation of its bafis; /it's foffa fub-
ipmalis.

mmno The internal fide of the left fcapuia; n the co-
racoide apophyfis; 0 a fmall part of its neck.

. In the Pelvis.

abcdefgghhhhii, Abcfghh The innominate or bafori
bones, including three others; abed the os illium on the
^right fide; be its (pine ; d a protuberance, from which
antes the reaus mufcle of the leg \ ef the os ifchium or
fnch bone ; e the acute procefs; /the tubercle; gg the
os pubis- hhhh the great foramen of the ifchium and
pubis ; _t i the external margin of the acetabulum.

�
In the upper Limbs.

abed, A The humeri or bones of the arm; ab the upper
head ; h the part of the head which is joined to the cavity
or the fcapuia, covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft;
c a protuberance into which the teres minor is inferred;
dthc external condyle of the lower head; A a fmall part
of the head of the right humerus.

flggi g The ulnae; e the olecranon; f the part which
articulates with the humerus; gg the lower part of the
ulna, which, in aged horfes, becomes one bone with the
radius.

hi Mm nop, khnnop the radii; hi the upper head of
the radius ; klmno the lower head ; k a. finus, through
which goes the tendon of the extenfor minimi digiti in the
human body; m the part which articulates with the os
fphenoides, of naviculare, incrufted with a fmooth carti-
lage ; // the part which articulates with the os pififorme
or orbiculare, incrufted with a fmooth cartilage; 0 a finus

which

ear.

ghhGG Offa palati ; g the orbitary part; betwixt g
and A is a future common to this bone with the orbitary
part of the frontal bone ; h h the portia palatina, or part
which compleats the arch of the palate; betwixt h and h
is a future formed by the union of thefe two bones.

iikllmmnn Os fphenoides 5 it denote roughneffes
into which the anterior re&i mufcles of the head are in-
ferred; mm the pterygoid apophyfes; In, In the large
lateral proceffes of the multiform or fphenoidal bone.

pq Os jugale or cheek bone; betwixt p and d is a fu-
ture common to this bone with the zygomatic procefs of the
temporal bone; p future common to this bone with the
upper jaw bone.

rrstuw, tw The offa maxillaria, or great bones of the
upper jaw; rrst the pofterior part of this bone; s the
jugal apophyfis; t the apophyfis palatina of the pofterior
part of this bone; betwixt t and t is a future formed by
the union of thefe two bones ; u w the anterior part of
this bone; betwixt r and u is a future, formed by the
union of the anterior with the pofterior part of this bone ;
w a procefs belonging to the anterior part of this bone,
which helps to form the arch of the palate.

xy Os vomer; y that part which forms the pofterior
part of the feptum narium.

1 2222 Os ethmoides; 1 the part which helps to
form the orbit; 2 the labyrinth of the noftrils; z conchse
narium fuperiores, the upper turbinated, or fpongy bone,
or the upper fhell of the noftrils.

&& Conchse narium inferiores, the lower turbinated
or fpongy bones, or the inferior fpongy laminae of the nofe.

333 Dentes molares, or grinding teeth of the upper
jaw.

4 One of the canini of the upper jaw.

5 One of the dentes incifores, cutting teeth, or nip-
pers of the upper jaw.

6678 Maxilla inferior, or the lower mandible, or

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10 10 The bones of the firft phalanges or order of
bones in the fingers, in the horfe called the great pafterns.

1 r 11 The bones of the fecond phalanges, called in
the horfe, the little pafterns or coronary bones.

12 12 The bones of the third phalanges, or the coffin
bones.

13 13 Sefamoid bones, lying over the pofterior parts
of the articulations of the coffin bones with the coronary
bones, or the two laft phalanges of the fingers.

In the lower limbs,
abcddefghik^ acddefghik Ofla femorum, or the
thigh bones ; b the head, incrufted with a fmooth carti-
lage for its articulation with the acetabulum ; c the lefs
trochanter ; dd the great trochanter; e a very prominent
part of the linea afpera, into which the external glutseus
is inferted along with part of the fafcia lata; f a large
fofta or notch, out of and from the borders of which
the external head of the gemellus and the plantaris
mufcles arife; g a roughnefs from which arifes the internal
head of the gemellus; h the outer condyle of the lower
head, covered with a fmooth cartilage; ik the inner con-
dyle, at / incrufted with a fmooth cartilage.

// The patelke, or knee-pan bones.

mm The outer femi-lunar cartilages, which are inter-
pofed in the joints of the knees.

nn The inner femi-lunar cartilages, which are inter-
pofed in the joints of the knees.

opqr, opqr The tibiae, or great bones of the leas; op
the upper head ; r the lower head.

st. st The fibulse, or fmall bones of the lep-s; s the
upper head; t the lower extremity which ends here al-
moft in a point.

uwxxyz&i, umxxyz&i The bones of the tarfus.

uw uw The calcanei, or heel bones.

which receives the os lunare when this joint is bent as much

as it can be.

Ppqrstuwxyz, P pqr stum xy z The bones of the
carpus ; P os pififorme or orbiculare ; pq os fphenoides or
naviculare ; p the part covered with a fmooth cartilage
for it's articulation with the radius; r os lunare ; s os
cuneiforme; tu os trapezium ; t the cartilaginous incruf-
tation by which it articulates with the os fphenoides;
w x os magnum, or the great round-headed bone of the
wrift * w the round head covered with a fmooth cartilage
for it's articulation with the os lunare ; y z the unciform
or hook-like bone of the wrift ; y the fmooth cartilaginous
incruftation for it's articulation with the cuneiform or
wedo-e-like bones of the wrift.

IZ234567, 134567 The metacarpal bones;

xx xx The aftragali, or cockal bones,
yy The cubical bones of the tarfus.
zz The navicular bones of the tarfus.
�^SP The middle cuneiform bones of the. tarfus,
1 1 The lefs cuneiform bones of the tarfus.

4 5 6 7, 2 3 4 5 6 7 The bones of the rrietatar-

fus, or inftep 523a bone which is equal to the metatar-
fal bones of the fecond and third little toes, both too ether,
in the human fkeleton ; 2 the upper head, which articu-
lates with the three lower bones of the tarfus; 3 the
lower head, covered with a fmooth cartilaginous cruft ;
4 5 an imperfect metatarfal bone, in the place of that,
in the human fkeleton, which belongs to the firft of the
fmall toes; 4 the upper head, by which it articulates
with the lefs cuneiform bone of the tarfus; 5 the lower
head, which is very fmall, and (the bones of the firft of
the fmall toes being wanting) forms no articulation; 6 7
an imperfect metatarfal bone in the place of that which,
in the human fkeleton, belongs to the little toe; 6 the
upper head, by which it articulates with the cubical bone
of the tarfus; 7 the lower head, which is very fmall,
and (the bones of the little toe being wanting) forms no
articulation.

S ^ H ^ OfTa fefamoidea, they are bones which are al-
ways to be found in thefe joints, two in each, they ferve
to throw the bending tendons farther from the center of
motion, and form a proper groove for them to Aide in.

1010T1 11 12 12 The bones which are in the places
of the three phalanges or orders of bones in the human
fkeleton: with farriers the firft are called the great paf-
terns ; the fecond the little pafterns or coronary bones;
and the third the coffin bones.

13 13 Sefamoid bones lying over the pofterior parts of
the articulations of the coffin bones, with the coronary
bones.

I 2 x

a bone which is equal to the metacarpal bones of

the middle and ring-fingers both together in the human
fkeleton 5 1 the head, by which it articulates with the
three lower bones of the carpus ; 2 2 3 the lower head,
incrufted with a fmooth cartilage for it's articulation with
the ofla fefamoidea; 4 5 an imperfect metacarpal bone in
■the place of that which, in the human fkeleton, belongs
to the fore-finger ; 4 the upper head, which articulates
with the os trapezium; 5 the lower head, which is very
fmall, and (the bones of the fore-finger being wanting)
forms no articulation ; 6 7 an imperfect metacarpal bone
in the place of that which, in the human fkeleton, be-
longs to the little finger ; 6 the upper head, by which it
articulates with the hook-like bone of the carpus; 7 the
lower head, which is very fmall, and (the bones of the
little finder being wanting) forms no articulation.

8989 Ofla fefamoidea, two bones which are always
to be found in this joint ; they ferve to throw the bend-
ins tendons farther from the center of motion in this joint,
and form a proper groove for them to flide in.

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A N A T

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The firft Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins,

and Cartilages of a Horse explained.

I In the Head.

7 The tendon of the long nafal mufcle of the upper lip.

8 Septum marium.

9 The vena angularis, which is a branch of the exter-
nal-anterior jugular vein here protuberating; it runs to
the great or internal angle of the orbit, fending branches
on each fide to the mufcles and integuments; it fends out
a branch through the lateral cartilages of the nofe, which
is diftributed to the nares, and another, which runs down
in a winding courfe to the upper lip.

I o A branch of the vena temporalis,

II Arteria angularis.

11 Branches of the nervus maxillaris inferior, they are
branches of the third branch of the fifth pair.

Mufcles of the outer Ear,

abbe dee Retrahens; cdee the upper or anterior part
of the retrahens feen through the origens; this part is
inferted tendinous into the ear, a little below the infertion
of its middle part; b b the middle part of the retrahens,
inferted into the external ear in the middle of it's convex-'
ity, about one third part of the way from the root of the
ear to the tip ; a the inferior or pofterior part of the retra-
hens, coming from its origin under the middle part to be
inferted into the pofterior fide of the convex part of the
ear lower than the medius near the infertion of the lateral
depreflor no.

cdeedh The fuperior-anterior mufcle through which
is feen the origens ; ee the place where it joins it's fellow,
having no origin from the bone ; d it's infertion into the
cartilage; h a part of it which runs over the cartilage,
and is inferted near h into the outer ear.

gi Mufcles that run from the anterior cartilage i, to
the external ear.

k The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

/ The lateral mufcle of the anterior cartilage of the
outer ear ; it arifes above the orbit of the eye, and is in-
ferted into the anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

m A mufcle arifinor under /, which is inferted at the
inferior angle of the opening of the ear, anteriorly, with /.

no The lateral depreflor of the outer ear, arifing at n₃rrom the quadratus colli it is inferted, clofe by the mufcle m,
into the lower angle of the opening of the ear pofteriorly.
/>The outer ear.

In the Neck.

3 4-aabcdd Latiffimus colli, or quadratus of the
^neck; b it's origin from the fternum, a little below the
*°P '-> 4 it's infertion into the lower jaw bone ; c a mem-
branous part going over the jugular vein, from which the
lielhy fibres of the lateral depreflor of the ear arifes ; dd
the edge by which it is attached to that part of the fafcia
of the fuperior part of the trapezius which runs over the
external furface of the levator humeri proprius.

fghiiklmn Levator humeri proprius; g that part
which arifes tendinous from the proeeflus maftoideus; h
the part which arifes by thin flefhy fibres from the ten^
dino-membfanous part of the trapezius, or fends a mem-
branous tendon to the ridge of the occiput; / the portion
which lies under fome of the yaxtfghiik, and arifes from
the tranfverfe procefles of the four uppermoft vertebfx of
the neck near their extremities; it's origin is the fame
with the angularis called levator fcapuke proprius in the
human body; m the end near it's infertion into the hume-
rus between the biceps and brachials internus. The
part lm may be called levator humeri proprius; the part
fghiik mufculus ad levatorem acceflbris, being a diftincl
mufcle till it comes to be joined or inferted into the leva-
tor humeri proprius, juft below the opening where the
nerve comes out marked 6.

opqqrrstuwxxx The upper part of the trapezius;
op the origin of the flefhy part; p the thickeft part;
q q a part which, in this fubjeft, is thin, but flefhy;
the flefhy fibres are inclofed betwixt two fafcise ; the ex-
ternal fafcia runs over the levator humeri proprius, and
is attached to the edge of the quadratus colli, it fends
ofT a great number of fmall white tendinous threads which
run acrofs or interfeel: the fibres of the levator humeri
proprius, and firmly adhere to it; the internal fafcia goes

PIGRANIUS, or mufcle of the fcalp;

A A the tendinous expanfion that goes to
the elevator of the upper lip and wing of

AA^

the nofe; a the flefhy part which runs over a part of the
orbicular mufcle of the eye-lid, and is inferted into the
external (kin.

bcde The orbicular mufcle of the eye-lid ; e the ori-
gin of the fibres from the ligament by which the conjunc-
tion of the eye-lids, in the great canthus, is tied to the
nafal part of the os unguis.

fg The corrugator of the eye-brow; f it's origin ; at
g it is inferted into the fkin.

hikllmno The elevator of the upper lip and comer of
the mouth; / k its origin from the epicranius; // that
part which is expanded under the dilator of the noftril
and mouth ; m the part which runs over the dilator of
the noftril and mouth, and is inferted into the corner of
the mouth ; n the place where it divides for the pafTage of
the dilator of the noftril and mouth; at 0 it arifes from
the bone near the inner angle of the eye.

pq The lateral dilator of the noftril and upper lip.

rs tit vox Zygomaticus ; / it's infertion into the orbicula-
ris of the mouth ; w x it's origin from the orbicularis of
the eye ; this mufcle, in action, pulls down the inferior
part of the orbicular mufcle of the eye, as well as raifes
the corner of the mouth (and the epicranius raifes the fu-
perior part of it:) it is a very thin mufcle.

z 2&BC The orbicular mufcle of the mouth; B fibres
which intermix with the fibres of the nafal mufcles of the
upper lip; C fibres which run over the glands of the lip
towards the infertion of the elevators of the chin.

1 2 The depreflor of the lower lip.

3 4 Part of the latiffimus colli, which at 4 is inferted
into the lower jaw bone.

5 The elevators of the chin where they are inferted in-
to the (kin, the fibres of which are intermixed with the
fat of the chin.

6 The anterior dilator of the noftril.

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C 9 3

the fuperior partion of this mufcle, or flefny pannicle, be-
gin to arife, which are but very thin, and all tend to-
wards the cubit, fome of which difapper at, or are infert-
ed into the membranous tendon q and appear again at or
arife from the fame at pp, then running towards the
mufcles on the cubit become a meer membrane as they
pafs over the juncture of the elbow, and are fo fpread
over the mufcles, &c. below, adhereing, in fome places,
to the edges of the tendons, and in others, to the edges
of the ligaments which bind down the mufcles to keep
them in their proper fituations.

ttuwxyy Pe&oralis; tt it's origin from the aponeurofis
of the external oblique mufcle of the abdomen, this part
is inferted into the head of the os humeri internally � x a
part arifing from about two thirds of the inferior part of
the fternum, which ends in a fafcia defcending down the
mufcle, on the infide the cubit; yy the part arifing from
the fuperior part of the fternum, for about one third of it's
length, and running in a tranfverfe direction over the in-
ferior part, it is inferted along with the levator humeri pro-
prius, by a flat membranous tendon, into the humerus,
betwixt the biceps and brachiseus internus.

z A large vein which branches in the fleihy part of the
membrana-carnofa.

The blood-veffels and nerves marked on the thorax
are thofe diftributed to the integuments which are taken
ofFj the nerves come from the nervi dorfales or coftales
and nervi lumbares, the arteries from the arterise inter-
coftales inferiores, and the exteriae lumbares, and the
veins from the venae intercoftales and vense lumbares.
The tail.

n The bone, which is an imperfect metacarpal bone₅to which this membrane is attached.

o A fort of fpungy, fatty fubftaiice, probably a pro-
duction of the membrana adipofa, lying over the protu-
berating part of this joint to preferve the bending tendons
from bruifes when this part touches the ground, &c.

p q Flexor carpi ulnaris ; at p the fleihy fibres appear
under the membrane, and alfo under its own tendinous
furface; q tendinous fibres going off from this mufcle to
intermix with the ligaments of this articulation.

Rr Flexor digitorum profundus 5 R the fleihy part
appearing under the tendinous furface of this mufcle as
well as the carnous membrane.

s The tendon of the fublimis.

Ttt The inter-mufcular ligament to the part of which
the carnous membrane has fome adheiion.

u Marks the ligaments arifing at u from the orbicular
bone and running obliquely downwards and forwards.

ww Ligamentous fibres which come from the infide of
the radius and run over the bending tendons to be inferted
into the bone n, and join in with the carnous mem-
brane.

xx Vena plantaris externa.

y Nervus plantaris externus.

z A fmall nerve coming from under the ligaments oil
the other fide the carpus, and defcending in an oblique
manner to join the nervus plantaris externus.

The carnous membrane joins in with the membranous
expanfion which is fent down the cubit by part of the
pe&oralis, and with other membranous productions from
the ligaments, forms a fort of ligament, inclofing the ten-
dons of the extending mufcles, and confines them in
their proper places. This ligament is inferted into the
upper part of the firft bone of the finger.

The ligament arifing at // runs down to join the
tendon / a little below f_y running over the tendon i till it
comes to it's infertion near the edge of that tendon next the
tendon f; the part ufw fends the principal part under
the tendon efg to be inferted into the metacarpal bone at
bf the part which runs over that tendon, or thofe ten-
dons, joins in with the membranous production of the
pectoral mufcle and carnous membrane.
The hoof.

on the internal furface of the levator humen prop.us;
_rr in this line the carnous fibres end, but are covered,
f� this fubjea, by fome of the fibres of the membrana
carnofa; s a tendinous part J t a thin tend.nous part un-
der which may be feen part of the ferratus major ant.cus;
f/the beginning of the tendon.of the carnous fibres mark-
ed ii of the levator humeri propnus j or a continuation
of he tendon of the trapezius, * * * the «Jjj* *g�
' a fr^m the Ligament of the neck.� 1 he ilelny fibres
S^&^ the fame direaion, and are joined
b with the levator humen propnus, ,t to inferted along
with part of the levator humeri mto the fafcia, which co-
vers the extending mufcles on the cubit, and into the ten-
dinous furface of the infra fpmatus .

of The inferior part of the trapezius; yy the
� &? >^ts infertion; from z toy it is attached to the
Smus dorfi by white threads of tendinous fibres which
nterfea the tendinous and carnous fibres both of it and
the latiffimus dorfi, and firmly adhere to both; thefe
tendinous threads run from the continuation or the hga-
mentum colli towards this lower angle of the mufcle, fo
that it makes a fort of double tendon for the trapezius to

lie in at z. .

cddv The jugular vein protuberating

Uoon the neck are feen branches of the cervical nerves,
veins, and arteries, which go to the integuments.

In the Shoulder and Trunk,
abcddeefgghiiikllmnoooooooppqrs Membrana car-
nofa � a the thickeft flefhy part; b the thick flelhy parts
runnma upon the extenfors of the cubit, becomes tendi-
nous'a? c. and goes to be inferted with the latiffimus dorfi
and teres major into the humerus ; dd fome of the thick
fleihy part going over the mufcles of the cubit and tend-
ing towards the cubit, forms the membranous tendon q,
under which may be feen fome branches of nerves and
blood-veffels which are difperfed in the flelhy pann.cle;
_e The pofterior and inferior beginning of the flelhy fibres
which arife rather thin but increafe in th.cknefs gradually
Ts they advance towards the part a; / a flelhy part
which runs into the dupl.cature of this membrane, &e.
Ts t toes towards the thigh j at gg it is fleffiy, but little
^oretfran a membrane, being verythin ; h a membra-
nous part, which runs over the penis; nn the tendino-
membranous part which runs over the loins part of the
Zrk and part of the abdomen ; k the membranous part
which helps to form the duplicate; //a feint appear-
p of the outline of the latiffimus dorfi; the part m is
K as thick as the part n and the latiffimus dorfi both
together � ooooooo the part where the carnous fibres of

Mufcles�, &c. in the upper Limb or Extremity', as they
appear under the Membrana-carnofa, with Remarks
where it is principally attached.

abb Extenfor carpi-radial is 5 a the flelhy part; b the
tendon, the lower part of which runs under the tendon of
the mufcle cc, which is analagous to the extenfors of the
thumb, and under a ligament common to it and the ex-
tenfor communis digitorum tte.

deefgh Extenfor ulnaris & digitorum communis; d the
fleihy part fhewing itfelf under the membrane ee; fg the
tendon which goes under the ligament at ^, and giving a
flip f to the tendon / / of the extenfor, analagous to the
extenfor minimi digiti j h the tendon, fending fibres la-
terally over the ligament m.

Hi Extenfor minimi digiti, to which the carnous
membrane is attached at / k, and fends tendinous fibres
over it in the direction as marked.

In the lower or pofterior Limb.
abcdefghikKlmnopqrstuwxyz& Fafcia lata, and
mufculus facise latse, with the membrana carnofa, and ex-
panfions of the mufcles; a the part which is a continua-
tion of the tendon of the latiifimus dorfi, which arifes free
from the mufcle glutaeus medius, which lies under it;

E ^the

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Tab. IIl

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]

'&' A fort of fpungy, fatty fubilance, probably a pro-
ckiclion of the membrana adipofa, lying over the protu-
herating part of this joint to preferve the bending tendons
from bruifes when, the fetlock touches the ground.

The fafcial membrano-tendinous expanfions, Sec. co-
ver all thefe mufcles, ligaments, blood-veifels, nerves,
&c. forming a pretty ftrong coat over them; the muf-
cles, &c. only making their appearance by protuberating
under them, which they will do even when they are co-
vered by the external ikin*

A The hoof*

Mufcles, Sec. protuberating under the membrana carnofa
in the left upper limb, viz. on the cubit, carpus, meta-
carpus and extremity of the limb.

ab Extenfor carpi radialis; a the fleihy part; b the
tendon.

c The tendon of the mufcle which is analogous to the
extenfor of the thumb.

d Biceps cubiti.

e Pe�f.oralis.

f Flexor digitorum.

g Flexor carpi radialis.

h Sublimis.

/Profundus.

k The tendon of the extenfor ulnaris & digitorum com-
munis.

/ A fort of fpungy, fatty fubilance, probably a pro-
duction of the membrana adipofa.

m vena cephalica.

n Vena plantaris interna.

o Nervus plantaris internus.

p InterofTeus, Sec.

q A ligament coming from the interofTeus and inferted
into the extending tendon.

r The hoof.

Mufcles, Sec. in the internal View of the left lower Umh,
as they appear through or protuberate under the fa-
fcias which cover them.

a The fleihy part of the tibialis ariricus.

b The fleihy part of the fartorius.

c The tendon of the extenfor digitorum pedis.

d A ligament coming from the interofTeus, and joining
with the tendon of the extenfor digitorum pedis. *

e The interofTeus, &c. arifing from the upper part of
the metatarfal bones and fome of the tarfal bones, and is
mferted into the fefamoid bones, and firft bone of the toe
on each fide, and fends off the part d to the tendon of
the extenfor digitorum pedis.

ff The tendon of the plantaris.

. g A tendon formed by the femi-tendinofus, biceps cru-
ris, Sec. to go to the heel.

Betwixt/� and h are formed, by the expanfions-of
the mufcles on the infide of the thigh, two or three flat
tendons like thofe marked p on the external fide of the
leg in this table.

The direction of the tendinous fibres of the fafcia are
here marked as they run over the infide of the leg, Sec.
about h they are pretty ftrong (under which the vena
iapnaena is fcarcely difcerriable) forming a ftrong tendi-
nous fafcia, which joins in with the tendon of the exten-
ior digitorum pedis at k.

_m I A fort of fatty, fpungy, glandular fubilance, lying
immediately under the (kin, probably a produ&ion of the
membrana adipofa lying over the protuberating part of
this joint to preferve the bending tendons from bruifes
when the fetlock touches the ground,

** ^vena faphsena.

n Branches of the vena faphsena.

0 Vena plantaris interna, or a continuation of the ve*
na faphsena.

p Nervus plantaris internus.

q A branch of the nervus cruralis

r The hoof.

b the origin of the mufculus fafclse latse from the fpine of

the illium.

c The anterior fleihy part; //the pofterior fleihy part j

e the tendon.

f The part under which the gluteus externus lies and
from which it has a fleihy origin; this part is much
thicker or ftronger than the part a.

ghi The part under which the biceps tibiae lies ; this
mufcle in it's fuperior part, arifes from the fafcia lata.

k The femi-tendinofus lying under the faid fafcia, from
which it alfo arifes in the fuperior part.

K The patella with it's external lateral ligament which
binds it to the os femoris, and it's inferior anterior liga-
ment, which binds it to the tibia, protuherating under
the fafcise.

/ The extenfor longus digitorum; m peroneus; n flexor
digitorum pedis ; o Gemellus.

p Tendons formed by thefe fafcix and expanfions to
join in with the extenfors of the tarfus.

q Nerves expanded upon thefe fafcise, or fent off to
the external parts, as the adipofe membrane and cutis.
They are branches of the fciatic nerve.

r A fort of tendon formed by the fefafciae, Sec. which
may probably affift the extenfor digitorum when the tar-
fus is extended.

s The tendon of the extenfor digiti.

/ The tendons of the flexors.

u The interofTeus, Sec.

ww Veins arifing from under the hoof, called vense
plantares, they run into the vena tibialis pofterior.

x Nervus plantaris externus.

j A ligament fent off by the interofTeus, Sec. and the
capfula of the fetlock joint to join and bind down the ten-
don of the extenfor digitorum pedis.

About z thefe fafcix have an attachment as they pafs
over the tendon and ligaments.

The

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	tab.iu.

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of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries* Veins,
Cartilages of a Horse explained

The fecond Anatomical Table

and

13 A nerve going to the alee narium.

14 Vena angularis which is a branch of the vena juau-
laris externa anterior.

15 Arteria angularis.

16 A branch of the vena temporalis.

17 17 Two valves, in a branch of the jugular vein.

18 Branches of the nervus maxillaris inferior. They
are branches of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves.

19 The falivary duel:.

20 The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

21 The outer ear.

22 23 A mufcle arifing from the anterior eartilao-e at
22, and inferted at 23 into the outer ear.

24 A mufcle which arifes by two flefhy heads from
the internal furfaee of the anterior cartilage, and is inferted
into the lower convex part of the external ear near the
root, nearer the pofterior edge than the anterior. It
affifts the pofterior part of the retrahens in action.

25 A mufcle which is a fort of antagonift to that
marked 24, it arifes- from the ridge of the occiput under
the retrahens, and is inferted into the ear at 25. It helps
to turn the opening of the ear forwards.

26 26 26 c The parotid gland;

In the Neck.

abc Sterno maftoidxus, or fterno maxillaris; it atifes

from the top of the fternum at b, and is inferted by a flat

tendon into the lower jaw bone, under the parotid eland

at, or near, r, is likewife inferted into the root of the

nfertion into the proceffus maftoidseus by a flat tendon.

d The fpungy, fatty fubftance of the mane cut direel-
ly down the middle, and the left fide remaining on to
fhew it's thicknefs.

e Ligamentum colli. /

ff Caracohyoidseus; it arifes from the upper and in-

from the tranfverfe procefs of the fourth vertebra of the
neck, and the part p of the longus colli, which origin is
fometimes continued down almoft as low as the lower
part of the tranfverfe procefs of the fifth.

0000 Inter-tranfverfales minbres colli $ they run from
the tranfverfe procefs of one vertebra to the tranfverfe
procefs of the next to it.

pq Longus colli.

rstuw Splenius 5 r the part Coming from the origin of
this mufcle, which is from the expanfion common to it,
and the ferratus minor pofticus, Sec. It arifes tendinous
from the ligamentum colli under the rhomboides, and
flefhy about the fuperior part of the neck.

At s it is inferted into, or attached to the tranfverfalis 5
at t to the tendon of the trachelomaftoidseus; u the
part which goes to be inferted into the occiput. It
is alfo inferted into the tranfverfe procefTes of the fifth*
fourth^ and third vertebse of the neck, by flat, ftrong
tendons which run on the internal fide of the mufcle: it
is externally flefhy within a minute or two of thefe in-
fer tions.

x Sternothyroidseus;
y Hyothyroidseus.

z Cricothyroidseus.

2? The lower conftri&or of the pharinx,

1 1 Vena jugularis communis.

2 Vena jugularis externa anterior.

3 Vena jugularis externa, pofterior, or fuperior.

4 Part of the carotid artery, or carotis communis.

5 Glandulx claviculares, or axil lares (in this animaly
as there are no clavicles) or cervicales inferiores or tho-
racicse fuperiores lymphaticse. They are lymphatic glands.

66 6 6, Branches of the cervical nerves accompa-
nied with arteries which are diftributed to the mufculus
levator humeri proprius, Sec. and integuments.

7 Branches of the cervical arteries and veins coming
out of the fplenius to go to the trapezius arid integuments.

Mufcles in the Neck and Trunk, which are infertedinto

the Scapula.

aab Rhomboides ; a a the origin from the ligamen-
tum colli : it has another origin from the fuperior fpines
of the vertebrae of the back : b it's infertion, or the part
going to be inferted into the fcapula.

F cdef Serratus

In the Head.
abcdr-&-\ H E lateral dilator of theI i;_p) y_c it's infertion into th* noftril; dit's origin.
f The anterior dilator of the noftril.ihik The orbicular mufcle of the mouRE to the lower lip j A the corne/the mrf Sowing to the upper lip; k fupwaS to the Infertion of the nafal muf

\nno The long nafal mufcle of the uppimnu au j, , tend

flefhy part; 0* it's origin $ at n tne rena

tendon.

/>v>^ The mafTeter.

_r 8 8 Buccinator

_f , The broad ligaments o th y

SuShS^^um a

of each orbit. , . , � �

u«_W Theciliaris mufclej -"« ong-n

*, A mufcle belongingn pa t J> n

but chiefly to the concha' narmm ^nor
into the ate nanum j J/ its ongny
from the bone �*�»� bariumtheToftrn: ifi S Verted into th

inferior.

2 Alse narium.

g^ Septum narium.

₂ * b The temporal mufcle; 3 it s

the pituitary membrane 5.

⁵ ^Metr_uXaHed^acaninus, or elev

6 7

₇ A mulcie can- «--"-> . _bon� _d

ternal fide of the humerus, betwixt the infertions of the

_gr

ner of the mouth anflngton d*»P^ J^.^

^the₉^mi fa"^ o^tf⁷L_] lower lip; * arifes
_al0L with the buccinator, and is almoft divided into two
31 one fuperior, the other inferior for the paffage
^nerves and blood-veffels to the lower hp; the fuperior
arifes tendinous and is inferted flefhy into the lower hp

la erallv he inferior arifes flelhy, and .s inferted tend.,
laterally , rn ^^

nous nearer trie imuui

12 The elevator of the chin.

fubfcapularis and teres major by a flat membranous ten-
don j it begins to be flefhy as it comes from under the
ferratus minor anticus, and is inferted into the os hyoides,

a Sternohyoidseus.

hi Tranfverfalis ; h the tendinous part; / a flefhy

part.

kl The tendon of the trachelomaftoidseus ; / a fafcia
or membranous part.

mn Rectus internus major capitis j m it's lowed origin

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			I I

		Tab . IV.

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	t » 3 rus ; at efa fafcia runs over this mufcle from the ferratus minor anticus to the teres minor. hiklmn Infra-fpinatus fcapulas; from h to / are marked traces of the fuperior part of the trapezius's infertion on the furface of this mufcle, it is attached to it at /, but ftrongly inferted into it near h; hk marks the infer- tion of the fuperior part of the trapezius upon this mufcle; / the beginning of it's origin from the dorfum fcapulas, and the cartilage on the border of that bone; ikm marks of the inferior outline of this mufcle, where it is bounded by the teres minor, but not eafily diftinguifhed, by reafon of the tendinous furface by which they are both covered and at- tached together ; 'n it's ftrongeft tendon, by which it is ftrongly inferted into the protuberating part of the hume- rus under the tendinous expanfion which goes from the teres minor to the leffer anterior faw mufcle. The lines upon this mufcle mark the dire&ion of fome of the principal fibres of the tendinous covering. opqq Teres minor jj 0 it's origin along with the triceps cubiti ; p it's infertion into the fafcia arifing from the hu- merus ; q q it's infertion into the humerus ; from q to k it fends off a fafcia that connects it to the ferratus minor an- ticus. The outline is much obfeured by the fafcia or tendinous covering of part of this mufcle and the infra- fpinatus with the fupra-fpinatus, which conne&s them. kp Marks the cutting off of the membranous tendon of the fuperior part of the trapezius, as hk marks it upon the infra-fpinatus. rrsttuw Latiffimus dorfi; rrstt it's flat tendon ; rr it's origin from the fpinal proceffes of the back; at rs this tendon is cut away from it's attachment to the fafcia lata; and at r I it is entirely cut away to uncover the glum 5 ttuw the fleffiy part ; // the origin of the carnous fibres. r,ru Mark the traces of the inferior part of the trapezius inclofed betwixt the tendon of this mufcle, and a tendinous fafcia which covers them both together 5 the faid fafcia being cut off at r u and left oil the latiffimus dorfi leaves the marks of the trapezius very plain \ tuu {hews the direction of the fibres of the tendinous fafcia which conne&s this part of the mufcle to the triceps cu- biti : thefe fibres run over the infra-fpinatus towards the infertion of the trapezius hk\ zv the fleftiy-part going to be inferted into the humerus; s I the aponeurofis which runs towards the obliquus defcendens, and feems to be loft upon it, degenerating into a membrane. In the Trunk. 11111KKKLM Obliquus externus, or defcendens abdo- menis ; 11111 the place where the thickeft carnous part ceafes to arife from the ribs and begins to run over them
		without adhereing to them or the intercoftals ; KKK the ending or infertion of the carnous part into the tendinous part; L the linea alba or ftrong, broad aponeurofis* formed by this and the internal oblique mufcle ; it is like a broad, ftrong ligament, much refembling that of the neck, forming a fort of rugae which appear on it's external furface, running from above downwards : it has a commu- nication with the ferratus major anticus by an aponeurofis^ which arifes from that mufcle � it's firft or fuperior origin is from the fifth rib, it arifes tendinous from the back part of the infertions of the indentations of the faw muf- cie into the ribs, and, at it's origin receives the infertion of the lower part of the indentations of the faw mufcle; it arifes from the pofterior or inferior labeum or edge of the eighth rib, near all the way from I to the infertion of one of the indentations of the fuperior, or leffer, pofterior ferratus; from the pofterior labeum of the ninth, almoft as high as where an indentation of the leffer ferratus pof- tencus is inferted in the fuperior or anterior labeum of the lame rib; it alfo arifes from the tenth; and, in this fubje<3, °PPofite to the infertion of the ferratus minor pofticus^ it arifes from all the ribs below that from the part where the indentations of the ferratus major pofticus are inferted, or a little higher than that more externally, which is the cafe generally with the three or four laft digitatiorts, but moft as they are the loweft and runs over the indentations of the law mufcle ; thefe digitations continue their origin from the ribs all the way down to the part marked 11111 and unite with the intercoftal mufcles in their paffage; this mufcle has a communication with the latiffimus^&dOrfi by an aponeurofis, which is fent over it by that mufcle ; Ir marks the cutting away of the tendon of the latiffimus aorfi to uncover the glutei, &c. it is inferted into the os Ahum and os pubis and to it's fellow by the linea alba. The biood-veffels and nerves which are marked on the thorax are thofe which were diftributed to the parts taken off as the membrana-carnafa, &c. and integuments j the nerves come from the nervi dorfales or coftales and nervi lumbares � the arteries from the arterise inter-coftales in^ fenores and arterise lumbares; the veins from the vense mtercoftales and venae lumbares. In the right upper Limb. NOP Triceps brachii; N the head, which is called extenfor longus major ; O the fhort head of the triceps, called the extenfor brevis j P the head called brachialis extenfor longus minor. The fhort head O arifes from the humerus, the other two from the fcapula j it's infertion is into the ancon. QJt S Biceps brachii, or caraco radialis; Q^the belly of
xdef Serratus minor anticus; tdthe fleftiy partarifing near c from the fternum, and part of the firft rib, and from the cartilaginous endings of the fecond, third, and fourth ribs, near their joining to the fternum; and is in- ferted into the fuperior cofta near the bafis fcapulae and tendinous furface of the fupra-fpinatus ; and is connected to the teres minor by the fafcia ef which is fent from this mufcle over the infra-fpinatus fcapulae and fupra-fpinatus fcapulse to its outer edge. It's flat tendon may be feparated fome part of the way to the bafis and fpine of the fcapula from the tendinous furface of the fupra-fpinatus fcapuke. ghiklop Serratus major anticus; g part of it's infer-* tion on the external part of the fcapula; the reft of it's infertion poffeffes about one half of the internal part of the fcapula ; h the part which arifes from the tranf- verfe procefs of the third vertebra of the neck ; i that from the fourth; k that from the fifth; / that from the fixth ; 0 it's origin from the feventh rib; p from the eighth. This mufcle arifes from the fix fuperior ribs, alfo with- in about five minutes of the cartilages. It does not adhere to the intercoftals as it pafles over them ; but at the ex- tremity of it's origin fends off a membranous tendon over the intercoftals, towards the fternum: it arifes all the way, from it's firft beginning, from the external furface of the ribs up to the infertion of the tendons of the facro lumbalis. Afufc/es, Sec. inferted into the humerus and cubit. 11 234556 Pecloralis; 1 1 it's origin from the linea alba abdomenis; 1 2, it's origin from the lower part of the fternum ; 3 it's origin from the fuperior part of the fternum ; the part 3 4, which is the fuperior part of this mufcle, fends a flat membranous tendon in betwixt the biceps and levator humeri proprius, to which it is joined before it's infertion into the humerus; 556 the flat ten- don cut off at 55; the external part below this runs down the cubit. abedef Supra-fpinatus fcapulx ; it continues it's origin from the fcapula from a to about b, and is inferted at c into the head of the os humeri, and capful ar ligament on the outfide of the origin of the biceps cubiti; and by the other half into the head and capfular ligament of the os humeri, or the infide of the origen of the biceps cubiti ; the lower part is covered by a tendinous fafcia which runs from the fupra-fpinatus to the ferratus minor anticus, and binds that mufcle in it's place ; it is pretty ftrong at d, but ftronger at <r, below the protuberating part of the hume-

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			* Z

		*'Lab IV*

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L i3 ]

OS piliforme or orbiculare, and another betwixt the ten-
dons s s of the flexor carpi ulnaris, beiides it's conjunction
with the ligaments on the carpus to which it is a confider-
able addition ; t a part of the expanfion which appears
like a number of fmall tendons.

At z a ligament arifes which joins the tendon m near*
m w* and goes alone with it to be inferted into the great
pa (tern.

A (lender ligament arifes about P which covers the
tendon m and then runs betwixt it and the tendon / to be
inferted into the upper and anterior part of the great

tf the fnort head ; R the belly of the long head |jS*e
fafcia of this mufcie, wh.eh » fent down upon the muicles

°ⁿtlhdLh A fafcia or ftrong membranous predion
Ivin^V the extending mufcles on the cubit; a A its
lymg over tne ex _e _the _leyator _humeJ

ongm from theedge^ .A*� P_otuberati _parts of the

w proprms ^J�*^? fended _likea ftrong l.ga-
humerus, betwixt whichit^ _fibres _rf^

rnent and g.ves on|n ~ ^fome ot_fted ^ ^ ^

extenfor carpi radialis , re expanded over

aiitheextendurgmufcleswmcn ^ ^

ed into the internal iide or ui ,

bounds of the.hendmg muicles o« ^J^'kh ^ ^

under it the extenfor carp, radial.s or

flelhy part, ,<� *■ «Jn ** _�-^_rf ^

communis 5 � ^Wi'^a'~ ^1S ^anai »

thumb. , « ,^^-r pfloe of the extenfor

This fafcia is attached to theugg rfge o*

di.itorum communis and may, perhaps K^ >

«fa flat tendon, arifing common *°f ^^'_not _onlv

extenfor carpi radialis, and fending, anjxpani,

over but alfo under them, and beingattached

on each fide down to the carpus, and aho ^

ments that bind^^^en^s^mng^

pus, it makes a continued _ftead _m

r ^^r^s ^It 3munTafeTlith the fafii of

STbi^uST -d with it is inferred into the tendon

^tnd^^ ** »** ^infCrted

^ ^tSrith-xtenfor digitorum communis go-
� *� It- infertion into the coihn bone.
"^1g PainAn expanfion arifing at , * from the art.-
S foamenV and at * from the olecranon: it re-
culat.ng ^l!g~ _from _the longus minor, and internal
ceives an addition _ancf expanfion of the biceps

protuberance of the hum^, F _mufcle down to

mufcie, then defends over .^ .^ ^^ ^

the ligaments on the carp" , ^ ^ ^ ^^

well as to the bones of the cuDit. _a; _f ■,

_of ^ bending mufcles ; the d.tteren
fibres being marked as a «^r, &~ an

^tHe ^brSntTTgS ^e to flelh fibres of the
S�te ifwS is analogous to the extenfor minimi
TT M the way from the out-line ^ to the bone
Se riae expanfion is inferred. It has a ftrong mfert.on
Tt Plto tlJprotuberating bone of the carpus called the

In the right lower Limb.

abccddd\}efgghikl Mufculus fafcia lata; a it's origin
from the ilium; b it's anterior flefhy. belly ; D the pofte-
rior fleftiy belly, over which the fafcia lata fends a itrong
membrane, as well as under, fo that it is received or con-
tained in a duplicature of the fafcia lata; the fibres
dddDc arifing from the fuperior or external fafcia, and
defcending to be inferted into the inferior on it's external
fide; the part abc arifes from the fpine of the os ilium
internally tendinous; flefhy fibres arifing from that fiat in-
ternal tendon, and defcending to be inferted chiefly into
the infide of the fafcia in the angle edgg; the flefhy part
in the fuperior angle d being thickeft it gradually dimi-
nifhes till it is loft in the lijhe��; the dark colour of the
flefhy fibres makes fome appearance in this angle though
the fafcia is very ftrong, but not near fo much as the part
abg becaufethe covering of that is little more than a
common membrane ; the line a e marks the place where
the fafcia lata is cut off before it pafTes betwixt this muf-
cie and the glutseus externus to be inferted into the ante-
rior cofta of the os ilium; de marks the place where
the production of the fafcia lata, which is fent over this
mufcie, is cut off; and ddd the place where it joins to
the broad tendon of this mufcie in which place it is cut
off; ^yfhews the place where the fafcia lata is cut from
it's conjunction with what may be called the broad tendon
cf this mufcie; fg marks the place where the fafcia lata
ceafes to adhere to the tendon of this mufcie^ in order to
pafs down over the leg and foot; at h the tendinous fur-
face of the rectus cruris makes it's appearance through the
tendon of this mufcie; ik fhews the tendon or lioament
which binds the patella to the tibia protuberatino- � / the
ligament which binds the patella to the external protube-
rance of the os f emoris.

This mufcie is inferted, by a ftrone tendon, into the
tibia at /, adhering to the tendon of the anterior and mid-
dle part of the biceps mufcie in it's way; it's adhefion is
all the way from i to the fuperior 4 where it has a little
infertion into the patella.

mnoop Glutseus externus; m a flefhy origin from the
ligament which runs betwixt the fpinal and tranfverfe pro-
ceffes of the os facrum; mn the place where the fafcia
lata is cut off from the production which it fends under
this mufcie, or from it's attachment to the tendinous fur-
face of the internal part of this mufcie, which arifes from
the ligament running betwixt the os facrum and ifchium �
and which receives firft the infertion of thofe flefhy fibres
which arife betwixt it and the ends of the fpinal proceffes
of the os facrum from the fame ligament, and then the

G fibres

ftern.

hhVpuwxyyz Ligaments which bind down the tendons
lying upon the carpus.

16 hhyyu A ligament whole fibres run in a tranfverfe
direction over the anterior part of the carpus to which
the carnous membrane adheres at u ; at 16 the ligament
h hyy *6 adheres to the burfal ligament; x w the infer-
tions of the articular ligament; betwixt c and h is a liga-
ment proper to the extenfor digitorum communis, inferted
at two protuberating parts of the radius, one on each
fide the channel in which the tendon lies; pzw a liga-
ment, the fibres of which run in the upper part tranfverfe,
in the lower rather, obliquely downwards, it lies on the la-
teral or external part of the carpus, it was covered in table
the firft by the production of the membrana carnofa, and
pectoralis, but rather the membrana carnofa, as it lies on
the external part.

1 2 A ligament arifing at 1 and inferted at 2 w; it
helps to bind down the projecting bone of the carpus, and
ferves as a ftay to it when the flexor carpi ulnaris is in
action : there is a large vein protuberating under it.

3 A ligament which helps to bind down the tendons of
the fublimis and profundus.

4 The tendon of the profundus.

5 The tendon of the fublimis.

6 A vein arifing from under the hoof called vena plan-
taris externa.

j Nervus plantaris externus.
9 An articular ligament.

I o A ligament fent from the interoffeus and inferted in-
to the tendon of the extenfor digiorum communis, which
it binds down.

II 12 The homy part of the hoof; 11 the fuperior
part j 12 the fole, or inferior part going under the coffin
bone.

13 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a
mufhroom arifing from the coffin bone, received by the
like arifing from the hoof, which it mutually receives.

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			TAJB I

		*/'""v*

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[ U j
longus digitorum'pedis, and tibialis amicus, and into part
of die upper edge of that ligament and forms the tendon

part of the metatarfus joins in with the part 30; it is in-
ferted into the fuperior and anterior part of the metatarfai

which arife from the fafcia lata and defcend

ards and downwards to be inferted into it ;

fibres mn'oo.

o o the place where this mufcle ceafes to arife from the fa-
fcia lata and goes to be inferted at/) into trilateral pro-
tuberance of the thigh bone ; it lends off a tafcia over the
pofterior part of the thigh bone, which runs in a trani-
verfe direaion, and into which the pyramidahs is inserted,
or joins in with it before it's infertion into the fupenor or
rather pofterior part of this protuberance.

tfOrst Gluteus medius ; qrs it's origin from the ten-
tf nou^furface of the facro lumbalis; s it's origin from the

iliium '_r q OS ^s ^the P^art ^which ^is ^covered ^bY ^lt ^s ^own P^r.°"
per membrane, and does not adhere to the tendon o, tne
latiffimus dorfi, &c. nor fafcia lata ; $Qj the part which
receives fleftiy fibres from the fafcia lata, going under the
gluteus externus to be inferted into the great trochanter.
^h ikluuwwxyz 3445778891/ biceps cruris;
u u w w mark the fuperior or anterior head where it antes
by carnous fibres from the fafcia lata; it's principal origin
i* from the ligaments which run from the fpinal to the
tranfverfe proceffes of the os facrum, and from thence to
the tubercle of the ifchium ; w$yz mark the inferior or
pofterior head, where it arifes by carnous fibres from tne
fafcia lata j it's principal origin is from the tubercle or
the ifchium beginning at the extremity of that tubercle
from the inferior angle, and continuing its origin by a flat
ftrong tendon about fix minutes along the inferior edge of
that bone; this tendon is continued down from the tuber-
cle towards c betwixtj/ and z, from which, a little above
_v the fleftiy fibres y₅₇I begin to arife; but the fleftiy
part x z 7 begins it's origin from the tubercle and conti-
nues it down the faid tendon ; ww14 the fleihy part or
the anterior head where it does not arife from the faicia
lata it is inferted into the patella and fuperior and ante-
rior'part of the tibia ; betwixt p and w are marked ten-
dinous fibres which bind the anterior part of this mufcle to
the external gluteus; and a little below that it is mierted
into the thigh bone by a flat tendon, and by this mfertion
the anterior part of this mufcle is kept from ftartmg too
much forwards, the fibres of this tendon or ligament run-
ning in almoft a tranfverfe direaion ; the part/4 4 Iw lies
under a fafcia fent from the anterior part of the pofterior
head, to the tendon of the mufculus fafcia lata, which is
cut off at wf₉ and on which the direaion of its fibres are
marked; xz$ywlyy the fleftiy part of the pofterior
head where it does not arife from the fafcia lata;
// 8 8 9 3 7 7 the tendon of the pofterior head which joins
the tendon of the anterior head near the pstella, and i

11 with the fafcia lata (which is cut off at 3 9) and is in-
ferted into the os calcis; 7 7 3 ^is ^the fttongeft part of
the pofterior tendon which is inferted into the os calcis.
15 The tendon of the plantaris.

16■■ 17 1 7 18 19 Semi-tendinofus ; 16 it's origin from
the ligament which runs betwixt the fpines of the facrum
and the ifchium, from the ligament betwixt the fpmal
and tranfverfe proceffes of the os coccygis; 16 17 17 marks
the part which receives fleihy fibres from the fafcia lata;
18 the fleihy part which does not adhere to the fafcia
lata; 19 the tendinous produaion which wraps over the
o-emelius to join in with the fafcia lata and tendon or the
biceps cruris; the lilies 16 17 betwixt this mufcle and
the biceps mark the fafcia lata where it runs in betwixt
thefe mufcles; the pofterior of the two lines marks the
cuttina off of the part of the fafcia which runs over the
femi-tendinofus to the large arida&or of the thigh: it's
principal infertion is by a flat tendon into the fuperior and
anterior part of the tibia internally, it is alfo attached to
the plantaris near the bottom of it's fleftiy part by a flat
tendon or expanficn.

22 The large adduaor of the thigh. ,

24 25 25 26 27 39 3* 3* 33 34 Ligaments which
bind down the tendons, &c. on the tarfus, the inferior
and anterior part of the leg or tibia, and the fuperior part
of the metatarfus laterally and anteriorly; 24 25 25 a
ftrong ligament common to the tendon of the extenfor
longus digitorum pedis and tibialis anticus; at 24 it fails
off to be very thin, but continues to receive fome origin or
tendinous fibres from the tibia for fome way upwards,
which run internally till they are loft in the tendinous ex-
panfion of the biceps mufcle, &c. which is inferted into
the upper internal edge of this ligament pretty ftrongly,
but falls away to little or nothing in it's way towards the
external lateral part of this ligament; from 24 downwards
this ligament ftrengthens as it defcends towards 25 25,
where it is thick and ftrong: it's origin on the external
lateral part of the tibia is marked 25 33 : there is another
ftrong ligament marked 26 proper to the tendon of the
extenfor longus digitorum pedis, which fhews itfelf under
the common* membranous ■ ligament 27 which covers it,
and the articular ligament as well as blood-veffels, -&c.
upon the tarfus, and is attached to the ligament 24 25 25;
at 25 25 ; at 30 are marked the directions of tendinous
fibres, in this ligament, which arife from the bones of the
tarfus and defcend obliquely inwards and downwards ;
1 marks fibres arifmg from the fplint bone, or a bone of

ne ; 34 marks fome little appearance, by protuberation,
a ligament common to the tendon 37, and the blood-
eflels" marked 14; 32 marks a ligament proper to the
id tendon 37* it's origin and infertion being both from
e tibia.

35 A ligament which binds down the tendons of the
exors.

36 36 Extenfor longus digitorum pedis.
3737 Peroneus anticus. /

38 Flexor digitorum pedis,

39 A branch of the arteria tibialis anterior.

40 Plantaris.

41 Flexor digitorum pedis.

42 46 Vena plantaris externa.

43 Nervus plantaris externus.

44 The interoffeus, &c.

45 A ligament Tent from the interoffeus, Sec. by which
he tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis 36 is
ound down, otherwife it would ftart from the bone
hen the fetlock joint gives much way.

47 48 The horny part of the hoof; 47 the fuperior
part; 48 the fole, or inferior part spins under the coffin
none.

49 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mufh-
toom ariiing from the coffin bone, received by the like
arifing from the hoof, which it mutually receives.

In the internal Side of the left lower Li?nb,
a The tendon of the reaus cruris.
b Vaftus internus.
cd Sartorius
eef Gracilis.

ghkl Semi-tendinofus ; g the fleftiy part; kl the ten-
don which is inferted into the tibia at k; at / it fends off
a tendon to the gemellus, to which, at 0, the fafcise are
attached.

mmm Gemellus; m a fleihy part; under n lies the
tendon over which the tendon of the plantaris is twifted.

n A tendon formed by that goino; off from the femi-
tendinofus at /, and by another tendinous fafcia.

op qrs The fafcix which are inferted into the os calcis
gemellus and plantaris ; 0 the place where the fafcia lata
is cut off; p the part going to be inferted into the os cal-
cis on the external fide ; the part q joins with the part r
to be inferted into the os calcis at s,

tuuwx The tendon of the plantaris coming from under

the fafcias and twifting over the gemellus at f; w a part

likewife inferted at / 8 8 into the anterior part of the tibia
all the way down to the ligament common to the extenfor

the metatarfus, and running tranfverfely over the anterior which it fends off to the os calcis, which makes a fort of

ligament

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			I H

		*TJ.B. V.*

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	[ H ] 121212. A fort of ligamentous fafcia betwixt which and the burfal liaament the mucilaginous glands are con- rained. 13 The ligament proper to the tendon of the extehfor longus digitorum pedis, marked 26 in the right limb in this table. 14 15 16 17 The tendon of the extenfor digitorum, at 14 going to be inferted into the laft bone of the toe, or" coffin bone : it receives the ligament 19 at the part i 6, and the ligament 20 at the part 17 j and, in it's paflacre down the toe, it adheres to the burfal ligaments under 2 r and 20. It is marked 5 in table the firft. 18 InterofTeus, &c. 19 The ligament marked din table the firft. It arifes from the interofleus, &c. and is inferted into the tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis, and binds it down. 20 A ligament which arifes from the internal-lateral and inferior part of the firft bone of the toe, and is infert- ed into the tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis, and binds it to this fide, as 46 on the right lower limb, doth the fame tendon to the other fide. 21 Vena fapphena. 22 Nervus fciaticus internus. 23 Nervus plantaris internus. 24 Vena plantaris interna. 2526 The horny part of the hoof; 25 the fuperior part j 26 the fole or inferior part going under the coffin bone. 27 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mufh- room arifing from the coffin bone, received by the like arifing from the hoof, which it mutually receives. In the left upper Limb. c Part of the biceps which fends an expanfion over the bending mufcles lying upon the cubit. def The expanfion marked mnoqpVqrsst on the left upper limb in this table.
		gg The fafcia marked a Abe dee gh on the left upper limb in this table. h The tendon of the hiufcle which is analogous to the extending mufcles of the thumb, marked g on the right upper limb in this table. iiklm The ligament marked i 6_hhyyu on the left upper limb in this table : the articular ligament appears under this: from k to / this ligament communicates with the fafcia def. no A ligament arifing at n, and inferred, about 0, like the ligament marked 1 2 on the right tipper limb in this table. p The ligament marked 3 on the right iippef limb in this table; It is a continuation of the ligaments marked noon the rights and 1 2 on the left upper limb in this table, it is here fomething thinner than the ligaments n 0 and 1 2, but as it defcends down the limb is foon infenfi- bly loft in a membrane. q The tendon of the profundus. r The tendon of the fublimis. s A vein arifing from under the hoof* called vena plantaris interna. / Nervus plantaris internus. wx The tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis j w the part which is fent off from the principal tendon to be inferted into the fuperior and internal part of the great paftern j x the principal tendon inferted into the coffin bone, but in it's way is attached to the coronary bone on it's anterior and fuperior part. y A ligament which arifes from the interofleus, &c. and is inferted into the tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis, which it binds dowm z The interofleus, Sec. 1 2 The horny part of the hoof; 1 the fuperior part$ 2 the fole or inferior part going under the coffin bone. 3 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mufh- room arifing from the hoof, received by the like arifing from the coffin bone, which it mutually receives.
ligament to bind in the tendon of the flexor digitorum pe- dfs ; it is fpread a little upon the ligament 899 and :m- ferted into it near it's origin from the os calcis about 8. y The tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis lying under the thin ligament marked 35 ^on ^the ^rig^ht ^le§ ^m f ta- ble ; the bounds of it are here marked though it falls oft gradually into nothing more than a common membrane, and is infenfibly loft as it defcends from abouty 5. the lowed part of it's infertion into the fplint bone is abouty, but is here hid by the "blood yeflTel. _ z 1 The tibialis anticus appearing under the raicia. 232 The ligament marked 24 25 25 33 36 in this table of the right⁵ leg; 33 it's infertion into the tibia. 4 The ligament marked 30 on the right lower limb in ffiiQ fable ■e A* liaament which covers the tendon of the tibialis pofticus arifing from the poftenor and inferior part, or internal inferior angle, and inferring itfelf into the articu- lar ligament 9 9. 667 A ligament arifing at 7 from the altragalus, and inferted at 6 6 into a -cartilage lying under the tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis, which, affifted by another ligament on the other fide the limb, confines it in it's place. Thefe ligaments feem to be a part of the fafcia which covers the mufcles on the external fide of the limb, which (palling under the tendon of the flexor digito- rum pedis) forms a cartilaginous fubftance as it panes and is a fmooth proper bed for that tendon to Aide ^U^8 00 A ftrong ligament which binds the os calcis to the aftraaalus, os naviculare, offa cuneiformia, and! fplint- bone anfino- from a protuberance about 8, and inferred into the othe°r bones of the tarfus and metatarsus about 9 9. ₉ 9 The articular ligament which binds the tibia to the bones of the tarfus. / . ' on A liaament running over the tendon of the olantaris, inferted into the ligament 8 9 9, and fplint- bone It is marked 35 on the right leg in this table.



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The third Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves,

and Cartilages of a Horse explained.

, Veins, Glands,

origin at the upper and internal fide of the humerus, be-
twixt the infertions of the fub-fcapularis and teres major,
by a flat membranous tendon, beginning to be flefhy as it
comes from under the feratus minor anticus; c fibres
which run towards the angle //, attached to the rectus
anticus major, and having an origin by a flat tendon
along with the infertion of that mufcle from the os fphe-
noides; a fibres which interfecl: the w^ind-pipe, going from
the part c d towards e, to be inferted into the os hyoides.

fg Sternohyoidseus arifes at f from the middle tendon
of the fternohyroideus, and goes, at g, along with the
caracohyoideus to be inferted into the os hyoides.

hik Sternothyroidasus; h it's middle tendon; /the
-fleihy part coming from it's origin at the fuperior and in-*
ternal part of the fternum, it runs clofe along with it's
fellow a little higher than the part h, where it is tendinous,
from whence it goes to be inferted at k into the thyroid
cartilage about 3 minutes from it's fellow.

/ Part of the carotid artery � at /goes off a branch to
the fternothyroidxus,

m Nerves of the eighth pair,
n The thyroid gland.
0000 Glanduke lymphaticse.
q The lower conftriftor of the pharinx*
r Hyothyroidseus.
s Cricothyroidaeus.
t Cricoarytenoidasus pofticus.
u The inferior maxillary gland.

wxy Rectus internus major capitis* or redtus anticus
longus; w it's origin from the tranfverfe procefs of the
third vertebra of the neck; x it's origin from the tranf-
verfe procefs of the fourth vertebra, and a part of the
fcalenus. It is inferted into the os fphsenoides.

ABCDEFGH Tranfverfalis cervicis; A B the
fuperior part, which arifes from the third, fourth, fifth,
fixth and feventh oblique proceffes of the neck, and two
uppermoft of the back, viz. the lower oblique procefs of
the third, and upper oblique procefs of the fourth, and
fo of the reft : it is inferted into the tranfverfe procefs of
the firft vertebra of the neck. CDEFGH the infe-
rior part which arifes from the tranfverfe proceffes of
eight of the fqperior, vertebras of the back, and is inferted
into the tranfverfe proceffes of the four inferior vertebrse
of the neck, partly flefhy, but chiefly by broad thin
tendons, as at DEFGH. Between the fuperior part

In the Head.
"SHE elevator, of the upper eye-lid, fo thin and
tranfparent that the dark coloured part appears
through at #, and the v/hite at b.

,c The lachrymal gland.

d The under eye-lid.

ee The tarfi ligamentum cilliare, or ciiliar edges.

f Alas narium.

gpii A mufcle arifing by a fmall tendon at h, and
,by ajat membranous tendon at i �; it is inferted near g
into the pituitary membrane which covers the concha
narium inferior: it has another infertion into the alse
narium.

k The feptum narium.

mmn Caninus or elevator of the corner of the mouth;
mm it's infertion from the corner of the mouth along the
buccinator.

oo Orbicularis oris.

pqr The depreffor of the lower lip.

ss Buccinator.

i The anterior dilator of the noftril.

u The elevator of the chin.

m The maffeter.

i Vena jugularis externa, pofterior or fuperior; ma
Jbranch of which at

2 2 Are two valves, anaftomafing between the anterior
and pofterior external branches of the jugularis.

3 Vena temporalis.

4 Vena angularis.

5 Arreria angularis.

� 7 8 Nervus maxillaris fuperioris; the fecond branch
of the fifth pair of nerves ; 7 branches going to the up-
per lip ; 8 a branch which goes to the. long nafal mufcle
of the upper lip.

9 Branches of the nervus maxillaris inferioris ; thev are
branches of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves;
they communicate with the nervus maxillaris fuperioris.

I o Glandulae labiales, part of which are cut away to
{hew fomething of the fpreading of the nerves of the lip.

II The falivary ducr.

12 The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

13 The outer ear.

In the Neck,
abcde Caracohyoidseus; b the part coming from it's

AB and D the inter-tranfverfales appear. At the
extremity of it's origin it is fpread out about three inches
by a flat tendon expanded from it's firft origin, from the
eighth tranfverfe procefs, to the broad tendon of the corn-
plexus to which it is ftrongly attached; and from the
whole breadth of which flefhy fibres arife.

a^KL ^Trachel°-^maftoidaeus, complexus minor, or
maitoidaeus lateralis; I the tendon, going to be inferted
mtothe root of the proceftus maftoidaeus; KL the
�elny part arifing from the oblique proceffes of the third,
fourth, fifth, fixth, and feventh vertebrae of the neck,
the uppermoft of the back, and tranfverfe proceffes of the
second and third vertebrae of the back.

MOOPPPqsT Complexus; M fhews fbmeexternal
appearance of the principal tendon towards which the
neiny fibres are directed as marked PP, &c. OO tendi-
nous lmes by which the carnous fibres PP, &c. are inter-
eUed � Q^_a tendinous origin from the ligamentum colli;
� the part going to be inferted by a itrong round tendon
mto tne occiput near the infertion of it's fellow; at T are
parked the directions of feme tendinous threads which at-
tach it to the ligamentum colli,

tbi^?"⁵ ^k'^S ^orig^infrom the tipper oblique procefs of

fro 1, T^rtebra ^the ^neek ^and continues it's origin
rom all the oblique proceffes of the neck below that, and

�om the upper oblique procefs of the firft vertebra of the
oack, _and? _by _a _pretty _ftrong _flat _tefidon^ _from _tfe ^

frnm F^fn °r ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^Verteb^ of the back,

worn the laft of which the tendon is renewed from the tranf-
verie procefs to the top of the fpinal procefs of the fame
erteora and makes a communication betwixt this part of
V* ^and that arifing from the third, fourth, fifth,
iixth and feventh fpinal proceffes.
^ U Obliquus capitis inferior.
WW Obliquus capitis fuperior.
-& V Longus colli.

|^IUl 2,2.222 Branches of the cervical arteries
and veins.

3 Part of the jugular vein,

Mufcles on the Shoulder.

®b The fubfcapularis, which is outwardly tendinous _h

at a is marked a membranous tendon, from which the

lupra Ipmatus receives fome part of it's origin ; b marks

a tendinous flip fen* from this mufcle which leaves Xt

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abont a, and is inferted into the caracoid proeefs a little

helow b.

cdeeefgh Triceps extenfor cubit? ; edeee the head,
w)iich is called extenfor longus major, arifing it e e e from
the inferior cofta fcapulas ; c marks the Traces of the
teres minor j at d are left fome ftrong tendinous threads
beloncrincr to the infra-fpinatus fcapute which adhere to
this mufcle; the marks of the infra-fpinatus appear all
the way from d to the humerus ; / the origin of that
part called extenfor brevis from the humerus j g the
head called brachials externus longus minor.

iiklmn Biceps brachii, or rather caraco radialis; ii
the tendon arifing from the fcapula; k a flefhy part lying
upon the tendon ; / the belly of the long head; m the
belly of the fhort head ; n the aponeurofis arifing from
this mufcle, which it fends to the tendinous fafcia or co-
vering of the cubit.
0 Nervus cubitalis.
p Nervus radialis.
q Nervus mufculus cutaneus.
r Nervus medianus. .

s Branches of the arteria and vena axillaris.
t A branch from the anteria axillaris.

In the Trunk,
aabbbcd Serratus minor pofticus; a a the beginning
of it's flefhy fibres; b b b the flat tendons by which it is
inferted into the ribs ; aac the flefhy part; d the
flat tendon by which it arifes. In this fubjedt this
mufcle runs flefhy under the ferratus major pofticus, and
is inferted into the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth
ribs. It's firft or fuperior infertion is into the fifth rib.
eefghh, Sec. Serratus major pofticus5 eefgit's broad
ndon ; from g to f is marked the place where the ten-
c <.u� io*-;irimnc rlnrfi is mf ofF from it's infertion

come nerves and blood-veffels which go to the external
oblique mufcle; qq_y Sec. fome flefhy fibres which arife
partly externally tendinous but chiefly flefhy, and run in
a rranfverfe direction from one rib to another. They be-
long to the internal intercoftals. r r_y Sec. Flefhy fibres
which run in the fame dire&ion of the external intercof-
tals from one cartilaginous ending of the ribs to another
Betwixt moft of the ribs there are marked blood-veffels
and nerves, fome of which go to the external oblique
mufcle, they are called intercoftales.

sstuuwxy Obliquus internus, or afcendens abdominis
It arifes at s s from the fpine of the ilium tendinous and
flefhy, it's origin is continued to the ligamentum fallo-
pn, from which it arifes, and from the fymphyfis of the
os pubis: it is inferted into the cartilage of the loweft rib
tendinous and flefhy, and into the cartilaginous ending of

and inferior part of the os humeri; from whence it arifes
by a very ftrong tendon firmly adhering to the tendon of
the extenfor digitorum communis; a be the flefhy part;
jWtbe tendon inferted into the metacarpal bone, It d ^
henng to the burfal ligament a little before it reaches the
lower bone of the carpus, or about three minutes from
it s infertion into the metacarpal bone; c marks the place
where the fafcia, proper to the extending mufcles on the
cubit is cut off from the fafcia of the biceps mufcle nc
which it joins to be inferted along with it into the tendon
or the extenfor carpi radialis.

The origin of this mufcle is as extenfive as the oriai-
nations of the long fupinator and radialis Wus and bre-
vis, and may be called a combination of all three in one
which is affiled by the biceps, the fafcia of which is like a
ftrong flat tendon, mferted into the tendon of this mufcle

.iA^ThV^mifC^ u^hlCh ^1S ^anal°g�s to the extenforsof
the thumb m the human body; / the flefhy part arifina
from tne lateral part and ridge of the radius; g the ten"
don going to be inferted into the falfe metacarpal bone or
oft in the ligament inferted into that bone, or rather at-

lf^Cl iYa r -^tS ^lnfertl0n' ^h ^is ^a combination
of the abdu^or pohcis manus, extenfor longus, and ex-
tenfor brevis pollicis manus and indicator.

hiklmn Extenfor digitorum communis; h ,Vs oriairi
from the external condyle of the humerus; i the origin
it receives from the fafcia which is extended betwixt The
two externa protuberating parts of the os humeri; it is a
ftrong membranous tendon : hi _lt's origin from the up-
per and lateral part of the radius; k the flefhy belhT
m n the tendon; n the part inferted into the coffin bone-
m the tendon which it fends off to the tendon of thVe"-
tenfor minimi digiti It's principal origin is by a flat
trong tendon from the lateral anterior and lower part of
tne os humeri, from the cavity above the articulation
under the extenfor carpi radialis, to the tendon of which
it adheres for about three minutes from it's beainmW _aswell as to the burfal ligament which lies underlt.
goo Ligamentous fafcias.

Mrs Extenfor minim, digiti_; p the part arifing from
the fupenor part of the rad.us. It has an origin from the
Ulna. The part marked with fhaken lines^on, T_tZ
receives a flefhy beg.nnmg from the vagina or cafe Vhlch
b,nds together the bending mufcles on the cubit ,7ltt
endon wh.ch ,s jouied by the flip f_rom _the extenfor d i

of The SST*"?^to ^be ^Inferted ^at - "«^o *^e -ft 2&

tmxyz Flexor carpi ulnaris; t the origin of it's ex-
ternal head from the external protuberance of the os hu-
meri poftenorly; u the internal head which arifes from the

* internal

the ribs as far as the cartilago enfiformis; sstuuw the
flefhy part ending at uu: the nerves and blood-veffels
which are fem on this part of the mufcle pafs to and
from the external oblique mufcle and parts which are
taken off; xy the flat tendon; that part of the tendon
which runs over the rectus is cut off from J toy.

z Rectus abdominis : it arifes from the os pubis and is
inferted into the cartilago enfiformis and into the cartilages
of the third, fourth, fifth, fixth, feventh, eighth and
ninth ribs, and into the fternum betwixt the cartilages of
the third and fourth ribs; there are flefhy fibres airliner
from the firft rib which join it at it's origin from the far*
num. This is called a diftindl: mufcle and named mufcu-
lus in fummo thorace fitus.

The blood-veffels and nerves which are marked on the
thorax are thofe which were diftributed to-the parts taken
off, as the obliquus externus, latiflimus dorfi, membrana
carnofa, Sec. and integuments; the nerves come from the
nervi dorfales or coftales, and nervi lumbares; the arte-
ries from the arterias intercoftales inferiores, and the arte-
rix lumbares, the veins from the vense intercoftales' and
venae lumbares.

don of the latiflimus dorfi is cut off from.....^_WM

ivith this tendon into the fafcia lata; eehh, Sec. the

f thf> flflliv oart: h it's

flefhy part; ee the beginning of the flefhy part; h it's
infertion into the ribs which m fome fubjects is only into
feven inferior ribs, as in this fubje�r, though, as here, it
is more frequently inferted into eight.

/ Serratus major anticus.

mm, Sec. nnnoo, Sec. pp, Sec. qq, Sec. rr_% Sec. Inter-
coftals; kmi mark the origin of the external oblique mufcle
from the ribs, where they are defcribed by fhaken lines;
the fame kind of line marks alfo where they unite with
the intercoftals, or arife from the tendinous covering of the
intercoftals; 0 0, Sec. mark the parts of the external inter-
coftals which are above and below the infertion and adhe-
fion of the external oblique mufcle; pp, Sec. fome ap-
pearances of the internal intercoftals : out of thefe places

In the Cubit and right upper Extremity,
abedd Extenfor carpi radialis; a it's origin from the
fuperior protuberating part of the humerus y b the part
which arifes flefhy from the fafcia which is extended be-
twixt the two external protuberating parts of the os hu-
meri ; it arifes above the part b and ligament or fafcia from
the external ridge of the external condyle all the way up
as far as the brachialis internus does not cover but it's
moft confiderable origin is from the anterior part of the
external condyle of the 03 humeri, from which place it
continues it's origin into the great cavity on the anterior

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	[ is ] ilium which lies betwixt the fpine and the glutseus inter- nus partly tendinous but chiefly fleihy, and from the liga- ment which goes betwixt the ilium and the tranfverfe precedes of the os facrum. e Iliacus internus arifes fleihy from all the internal ca- vity of the os ilium and infide of it's anterior fpine ; it is joined by the pfoas magnus and with it inferted into the lefTer trochanter. They feem, to me, to be but one mufcle. f Large arteries and veins which go to the mufculus membranofus, and in betwixt the rectus and vaftus exter- nus. They are part cf the firft ramus of the pudica com- munis. ghiik Rectus cruris; g the part coming from it's origin from the external or pofterior part of the inferior fpine of the ilium by one tendon, and by another from the ante- rior part of the fame fpine \ h it's fleihy belly -_y k it's in- fertion into the patella. nopqrrs Vaftus externus; 0 it's origin from the pof- terior part of the great trochanter j p an origin from the anterior fide: they are both externally tendinous ; r r it's infertion into the patella; r s it's infertion into the lateral ligament of the patella; n it's principal fleihy part; q the thin fleihy part which goes to the lateral ligament, and over which the anterior part of the biceps goes to be in- ferted into the patella at r r u u. rruuw The infertions of the anterior part of the bi- ceps ; r ru u that into the patella; w that into the tibia. yz The inferior ligament of the patella, inferted aty into the patella, and at z into the tibia. 1 2 The lateral ligament of the patella, inferted at 1 into the patella, and at 2 into the os femoris. 3 4 The burfal or capfular ligament of the knee. 5 The place where the tendon of the glutseus externus is cut off from it's infertion. 6 The place where the expanfion is cut off which it fends to the pyramidalis. 8 8 8 8 The ligament which runs from the fpinal to the tranfverfe procefTes of the os facrum, upon which is mark- ed the fleihy orio-in of the biceps. 88910 The lio-ament which runs from the tranfverfe procefTes of the os facrum to the ifchium, on which is marked the fleihy origin of the biceps cruris. 8 9 Shews the place where the fafcia lata is cut off be- twixt the biceps and femi-tendinofus. 9 9 11 The origin of the biceps from the tubercle of the ifchium ; 9 9 that from the end ; 911 that from the inferior edge, where there is a little of the flat tendon left on to ihew it's breadth. 12 13 14 1- 16 Blood-yeilels; 12 an artery 5 13a
internal protuberance of the os humeri: it is inferted into the external falfe metacarpal bone a little below w_y and at x into the pififorme bone j y the tendon 5 z the fleihy parts. I 2 3 The profundus arifes by four diftincl: heads, 3 is the common tendon of the four heads; the head 1 arifes from the internal protuberance of the os hu- meri pofteriorly under, and in common with the fublimis, with which it feems to be confounded, in fome degree, all the way down the fleihy part till it comes to the tendon where the four heads unite, and then the profundus and fublimis make two diftincl: tendons; the next head arifes under that from the fame protuberance by a fmall flattiih tendon, it foon fwells into a round fleihy belly, then gra- dually tapering becomes a round tendon, joins in with the tendon of the firft defcribed head a little above the proje&ing pififorme bone of the carpus ; the next head, marked 2, arifes flefny from the ancon near it's extremity and foon becoming a fmall long tendon joins in as the former ; the fourth head arifes fleihy from the flat pofte- rior part of the radius about it's middle, and firft becom- ing tendinous joins in with the other heads about the fame place. There is a ftrong tendinous ligament arifing from the projecting pififorme bone, and another of the car- pal bones inferted into the tendon of the profundus : it arifes from all the internal face of the carpus: there is fuch a ligament arifing from the internal edge of the radius, which is inferted into the fublimis about the fame place, where the four tendons of the profundus unite. 5 Interoffeus, &c. 6 A ligament from the interoffeus to the tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis. 8 8 The burfal ligament belonging to the anterior part of this joint. 9 The articular ligament. 10 The tendon of the fublimis. II Nervus plantaris externus. 12 Vena plantaris externa. 13 The villous covering of the coffin bone is here left on to ihew it's thicknefs. In the right lower Limb, aaabbbcdd Gluteus medius; aaa it's origin from the facro-lumbalis j b b b an origin from the fafcia lata ; c an origin from the ilium; below bbb it is covered by the glutaeus externus and biceps cruris; dd it's infertion into the great trochanter. It's origin is continued from c to the pofterior part of the fpine, and all that fpace of the
		vein, the branches of which, i₅andi6, run to the fern^ tendinofus, the branches 14 to the biceps. The artery is a branch of the firft ramus of the pudica communis, which is a branch of the internal iliaca or hypogaftrica; the vein is a branch of the vena hypogaftrica. 18 Blood-vefTels which go to the femi-tendinofus; the iupenor is an artery, the other a vein. 19 2.0 21 22.23 ²4-5 30 Extenfor longus digito- rum pedis; ^19 an origin from, or an attachment to, the tibia j 20 _lt's origin from the femoris along with the ten- don of the tibialis anticus infeperably joined to that ftrong tendon; 22 23 24 25 it's tendon running under the liga- ment 26 ; 21 it's fleihy belly 5 at 22 it is joined by the tendon of the peroneus; at 23 it is joined by a ligament from the iriteroileus, &c. which binds it down to the great paftern; _% the principal part of the tendon 24 Tu ^t0 ^bC ⁱⁿⁱ^erted ^mto ^the ^coffin ^bone> where it is join- ed by the tendon of the peroneus; it fends off a flip to °e inferted into the firft borie of the toe or great paftern at 30. ^& ^r ²6 A ligament which binds down the tendon of the extenfor lorigus digitorum pedis. ² 7 Extenfor brevis digitorum pedis. 2-8 29 The tibialis anticus; 28 it's origin from the ^penor and anterior part of the tibia; it arifes alfo by a ^v5^rY ftrong tendon from the inferior part of the os femo- �, and is iriferted into the bones of the tarfus and meta- tarius. It _1S more fully explained in table the eighth. 3i 31 32 33 Semi-membranofus arifing tendinous, and ^at ^ s origin attached to the origin of the biceps at 31 31; �33 it is joined in with trie femi-tendinofus, and is with it inferted into the tibia. _ 34 35 The inferior part of the femi-tendinoilis cut off fj^' ^aV⁵ ^lt ^fends ^off ^an ^expanfion attached to the col ^r ^g?,^me? ^Which ^lies ^over the gemellus, and ae^li ^C ^bldod-^ve{rels and nerves which pafs over the fh/ta ^and ^nm ^d°^Wn ^the ^le^ ^: ^ is alfo inferted by a of th ⁿ ft^^V ^eXP^anflon ^ifit° the^lantaris near the bottom n w r ^Y ^P"^art' ^throug^h which expanfion there is an opening f_or _the _paffage _of _a j ^^ ^ _d j lemon is by a flat tendon into the fuperlor and anterior part of the tibia internally. ttt'h ³⁶ ³⁶ ^%1 ³f I⁹ ³⁹ 4° The large adductor of the dinofii, f ⁵ ³⁶,³^^fheW ^the ^fle% origin of the femi-ten- TnlJ?^m ^tht ^ ^tend°ⁿ ^ this mufcle or ligament running f _rom the factum and coccygis to the ifchium j to⁵anfef L ^ ^Where the femi-tendinofus ceafes wh« theTlf %^t^^dQnr°^r ^^ament ^on *is fide, and be y ^yru^�S °^f ^this ^mufcle ^gin to arife oa the other fide of the tendon; at ₃₇ and"₃8 the furface i§

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		TAB. IX,

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it is bound on each fide by ligaments which prevent it's

lipping either way; at 69 it divides to be inferted on

each fide of the inferior part of the great paftern pofte-

norly, and to give paffage to the tendon of the flexor

digitorum pedis, to which tendon it ferves as a ligament

to confine it to the great paftern when the fetlockToint is

bent, and by that means it receives ailiftance from that

tendon in bending the fetlock joint. This is analogous

to the plantaris and ihort flexor of the toes in the human

body viz. the part above 68 to the plantaris, and the

part below to the ihort flexor of the toes.

7071 71 Articular ligaments; 70 that which binds
the tibia to the bones of the tarfus ; 71 _?l that which
binds the os calcis to the fplint bone.
72 A capfular ligament.

74 75 InteroiTeus, &c. it arifes from fome of the tar
fal bones and the upper part of the metatarfal bones and
is inferted into the fefkmoid bones and great paftern on
each hde ; it fends off the ligament 75 and another on
the other iide to bind down the tendon of the extenfor di
gitorum pedis. This is of a ligamentous nature, but fur>
pnes the places of the interoffeus, the ihort flexor, ad-
ductor, and abduftor of the great toe, the abdu&or and
ihort flexor proper to the little toe, and a ligament which
antes from the calcaneum and belongs to the cuboid

S, TJ °r f ^^Cmfl0n ^WhidlJ°^inS ^the origins of
the ihort flexors of the little toe in the human body � the

ligamentous aponeurofis 75 is fent partly f_rorn the in-

teroiieus, &c. and partly from the capfula of the fetlock

joint to the tendon of the extenfor digitorum pedis

76 Arteria tibialis anterior.

is tendinous, but ftrongeft about 37, where tendinous
fibres run as marked in a tranfverfe direction from the li-
gament or fafcia lata; 39 39 the place where the expan-
fion is cut off which is fent from the fafcia lata before it
runs in betwixt the biceps and femi-tendinofus; 40 the
external fleihy part of this mufcle. The fafcia fending
off an expanfion before it goes in betwixt the biceps and
femi-tendinofus, which is fixed to the large adduclor of
the thigh at 39 39, and this fafcia being attached to the
edo^e of the broad tendon of this mufcle or running over it,
as at 3 7, makes a compleat cafe for the femi-tendinofus
above the procefs of the ifchium, which keeps it firmly in
it's place. This mufcle arifes from the ligament running
from the facrum and coccyx to the ifchium ; it's principal
origin is from the tubercle of the ifchium ; it is inferted
by a ftrong tendon into the internal condyle of the hume-
rus behind the origin of the articular ligament and a little
below it, and by a flat tendon into the articular ligament
and tendon of the femi-tendinofus. It joins in with the
long addu&or near it's infertion.

50 51 52 53 Peronseus; 50 it's origin from the up*
per part of the fibula and articular ligament 54; 51 it's
fleihy belly; 52 53 it's tendon joining in with the long
extenfor of the toes at $3, part of which is inferted into
the great paftern along with part of that tendon at 30.
58 59 Flexor digitorum ; 58 the fleihy part; 59 the

tendon.

60 60 61 62 62 63 64 Gemellus; 60 60 a fort of
flat tendon which may be eafily feparated from the mufcle
to which it only adheres by it's external edge : it runs over
the furface of the mufcle and joins in with the fafcias fent
from the femi-tendinofus, Sec. which joins in both above
and below, and by that means makes a cafe for the tendon
of the gemellus and plantaris; 61 the externally ten-
dinous origin of the external head of the gemellus;
62 62 the fiefhy parts; 63 the fleihy part under the ex-

tic xx Vaftus interims, inferted at bb into the pa-
tella; at A a .nto the reftus; and at 12 into the la-
ment 13 14. °

d The long addu&or of the thigh.

the'thth" ^tCnd0" °^r ^fafda ^fro1" ^the ^largc adduftor of

/i. Gemellus j / the fleihy belly, the external furface
of which ,s tendmous at /; the tendon of this internal
head wraps over the tendon of the plantaris to <ro to the
external fide of the heel: g the tendon of the "external

head.

h The tendon of the folanrs.

Imnnpr The tendon of the plantaris; /the part
marked / in table the fecond; _m the part marked u in ta-
ble the fecond ; nn the part marked f, the part marked
qr m table the fecond, being here cut off at p \ the part
marked w in table the fecond is cutoff in this place : /the
tendon on this fide going to it's infertion into the flrft bone
of the toe.

uwxyz30 The extenfor digitorum pedis; atheflefhy
part, marked 21 on the right limb in this table : w the
part marked 22 on the right limb in this table ; x the part
marked 24 in this table on the right lower limb, and 14
in table the fecond on the left limb; _y the part marked
16 in table the fecond ; z the part marked 17 in table
the fecond. It has an infertion at 30 into the crreat paf-
tern with part of the tendon of the peronceus.

z The ligament marked 20 in table the fecond.

123 Tibialis anticus.

6 Poplitaeus; externally tendinous, particularly near
it s infertion.

77 Avein from the biceps cruris on which appears a
alve. It is a branch of the obturatrix. It i_s accompa-

uc.ci with n nrr\if> 1

7 Tibialis poflicus.

8 8 Flexor digitorum pedis.
910 The burial ligament.

11 The intermufcular ligament marked 16 on the left
limb in this table.

12 13 14 The internal anterior ligament which binds
the patella to the tibia.

15 15 15 A membranous covering of the burfal
ligament; betwixt which and the burfal lio-ament are con-
tained the mucilaginous glands of this joint.

16 The internal articular ligament which connects the
os femoris to the tibia.

18 18 The articular ligament which binds the tibia to
the bones of the tarfus.

22 23 23 The ligament marked 899 in table the fe-
cond. It is a ftrong ligament which binds the os calcis to the
affragalus, os naviculare, offa cuneiformia and fplint bone,
ariflng from a protuberance about 22 and inferted into the
other bones of the tarfus and metatarfus about 23 23.

K 25 A

nied with a nerve. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

81 A large vein, on which feveral valves are
marked.

panfion 60 ; 64 the tendons of the external and internal
head of the gemellus; that upon which the 6 lies is the
tendon of the internal head, and that which the 4 lies on
is the tendon of the external head ; the tendon 60 wraps
over it a little above 6 to be inferted more internally into
the os calcis ; fo that thefe three tendons, along with that
of the plantaris, are twifted like a rope.

68 69 The tendon of the plantaris, wraping over the
tendon of the gemellus at 68. This mufcle arifes under
the external head of the gemellus (in which it is in a man-
ner wrapt up) out of the large folia or notch in the os
femoris: above the external condyle on the external fide
of it's fiefhy belly the gemellus is attached to it by fleihy
fibres; at 68 it runs over the end of the os calcis, where

82 A nerve which accompanies the vein 81 to a_G un-
der the fafcia 35, and which is marked o in the firit
table. It is a branch of the large crural nerve

83 Nerves going to the tibialis anticus. ' They are
fome of the imall iiatic ramus.

84 The external nervus plantaris.

85 The external vena plantaris.

86 A fubftance which refembles the villous furface of a
muihroom, marked 13 and 3 in table the fecond, is here
left to (hew it s thicknefs or depth : it is the fame on all
the feet.

In the menial Side of the left lower Limb
A a The tendinous furface of the re&us cruris infert-
ed at A into the patella.

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e Profundus.

fg The mufcle which is analogous to the extenfors of
the thumb, marked fg on the left upper limb in this
table.

h The tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis.

/ Nervus medianus.

k Arteria brachialis, or the humeral artery.

IImm The burfal ligament on the anterior part of this
juncture.

n Flexor carpi radialis.

pus and upper part of the metacarpal bones, is inferred
into the fefamoid bones and great paftern on each fide,
and fends off the ligament r on this fide to the tendon of
the extenfor digitorum, which it binds down. It is of a
ligamentous nature, but fupplies the places of the inte-
roffei manus and abductors of the fore finger, little finger,
and Ihort abdu&dr of the thumb, with the adductors of
the thumb and little fmo-er.

s Vena cephalica.

t Vena plantaris interna.

u Nervus plantaris internus.

a? The villous covering of the coffin bone is here left
on to (hew it's thicknefs.

25 A nerve called fciaticus interims.

26 The ligament marked 19 in table the fecond.

27 Interoffeus, &c. marked 18 in table the fecond.

28 Nervus plantaris ^internus. It is a branch of the
nervus fciatica-tibialis.

29 Vena plantaris interna.

36 The villous covering of the coffin bone, is here
left on to (hew it's thicknefs.

In the internal Side of the left upper Limb.

a be Extenfor carpi radialis, marked abedd on the
right upper limb in this table; a the flefhy belly ; b c the
tendon j c it's infertion into the metacarpal bone.

d A ligamentous fafcia.

jublim

is.

p Flexor carpi ulnaris.

q Interoffeus, &c. It arifes from the bones of the cap

The fourth Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands,

and Cartilages of a Horse explained

glandulous membrane of the infide of the cheek and lips,
-and into the orbicularis oris.

x The anterior dilator of the noftril.

y The pituitary membrane on the infide of the alas na-
rium.

z The falivary du�f.

1 Vena jucmlaris externa pofterior or fuperior.

2 Vena temporalis.

3 Arteria angularis.

4 Vena angularis.

5 Nervus fuperciliaris, the ramus fuperior, or fron-
talis : it is the mod confiderable of the three rami of the
nervus orbitarius commonly called ophthalmicus, which
is the firft branch of the fifth pair of nerves: it paffes
through the foramen fuperciliare, is fpent on the mufcu-
lus frontalis, orbicularis and integuments.

6789 The fecond branch of the fifth pair of nerves
called nervus maxillaris fuperior ; 7 a branch which goes
to the long nafal mufcle of the upper lip; 8 a branch
which goes to the infide of the nares towards the top of
the nofe ; 9 branches which go to the upper lip.

10 The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

11 The ear.

In the Neck.

a Glandula thyroides.

bbccddefff The carotid artery: it fends branches at
bb to the glandula thyroides; dd branches which give
off ramifications to the flerno thyroidasus; e branches
which go to the caracohyoidaeus ; fff branches going to
the afpera arteria : thefe branches of arteries are all ac-
companied with veins.

g An artery and vein running over the gula.

hh The third branch of the eighth pair of nerves.

ttii OEfophagus.

kk Trachea arteria, afpera arteria, or wind-pipe.

lm n Sternothyroidseus; m the thick flefhy part near
its origin at the fuperior, and internal part of the fternum 5
*}t s middle tendon j n it's infertion into the thyroid car-
tilage.

°P Crycothyroidasus; p it's origin from the crycoide

cartilage 5 0 it's thyroidal infertion.

qq The lower conftriclor of the pharynx.

^r Hyo-thyroidseus, or thyro-hyoidseus.

■* The lower, and anterior part of the thyroid carti-
lage.

tu Rectus capitis pofticus major; / it's origin from the
ipine or ridge of the lower oblique procefs of the fecond
vertebra of "the neck.

. ^* Rectus capitis pofticus minor, or rather medius j
^w the part coming from it's origin at the fpine of the fe-
cond vertebra of the neck : it begins it's origin at the root
of the fpine of the oblique procefs, juft where the rectus
major ceafes to arife, and continues it's origin about three
minutes up the fpine or ridge; x the part going to be in-
ferted by a tendon, ihort and broad, into the occiput,
wrapmg over the furface of the intervertebralis.

y z Obliquus capitis fuperior : y it's flefhy origin, which
is pretty deep, from the broad tranfverfe procefs of the
atlas ; z it's infertion into the occiput.

AB Obliquus capitis inferior; A it's origin from all
the length of the fpine of the oblique procefs of the fe-
cond vertebra of the neck above A, where it runs under

the

In the Head.

a b ATA H E globe or ball of the eye; a the pupil;

I b the white of the eye, or tunica fcleratica,

covered with the albuginea or tendons of the

{freight mufcles only, and not covered with the tunica

adnata or conjunctiva.

c One of the lachrymal glands placed in the great can-
thus of the eye, called carancula iachrymalis and glandula
lachrymalis inferior.

d The femi-lunar fold, formed by the conjunctiva.
e Attollens.
f Deprimens.
g Adducens.
h Abducens.
i Obliquus fuperior.
k Obliquus inferior.
/ The trochlea.

mmnno Caninus, or the elevator of the corner of the
mouth j mm it's origin j n n it's infertion into the orbicu-
laris oris j n 0 it's infertion into the buccinator.

pp Orbicularis oris, or the orbicular mufcle of the
mouth.

qr The glandulous membrane which lines the infide of
the lips j q that of the lower lip ; r that of the upper lip,
the glands of which are called glandulae buccales.
s The elevator of the chin.
tu The fhort nafal mufcle of the upper lip.
ww Buccinator ; it arifes from three different places ;
the fuperior fibres arife from the alvioli of the upper jaw j
the middle fibres from the ligamentum inter maxillares,
and the inferior from the lower jaw : it is inferted into the

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			Tab. XL.

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[

to one : the ihort parts, or thofe orginations which are
nigheft their infertions, arife moil internally, and thofe of
a middling length, arife betwixt the long ones and fhort
ones: the longeft fibres, or thofe which arife moft exter-
nally, have their infertions nigheft the fpinal proceffes, or
their fellows on the other fide j and the fhort ones nighefl
the oblique proceffes : thofe of a middling length have
their infertions betwixt the two.

RTU Spinalis cervicis; R it's origin from the fccond
fpine of the back, which origin is continued for about one
third of the way down that fpine towards it's root: it
arifes alfo from the third fpine or the ligamentum
colli: near R it communicates with the femi-fpinalis
dorfi: T the part going to be inferted into the fpinal pro-
cefs of the fourth vertebra of the neck ; it is alfo inferted
into the fifth fpinal procefs; U the part going to be in-
ferted into the fpinal procefs of the fixth vertebra of the
neck by a ftrong flat tendon : there is alfo a part under
this which arifes from the fpine of the firft vertebra of the
back, from it's tip about half way down to it's root, and
goes to be inferted into the fpine of the feventh vertebra of
the neck : it has an origination alfo from the ligament that
goes from the fpine of the fecond vertebra of the back to
the firft for it's whole length, which is inferted into the
fpines of the neck.

This might be called interfpinalis dorfi et cervicis,
becaufe it's fituation is entirely amongft the fpines arifing
from thofe of the back to be inferted into thofe of the
neck.

i i i i Branches of the cervical nerves.

2, 2 Branches of the cervical arteries.

3 3 Branches of the cervical veins.

4 Part of the jugular vein.

5 Ligamentum colli.

In the Shoulder.

ab Sub-fcapularis.

def Teres major; d it's origin from the inferiorcofta
of the fcapula; e a part externally tendinous, aoino- to
be inferted into the humerus betwixt the brachialis exter-
nus and caraco brachialis ; f a part covered with commu-
nicating tendinous fibres, by which it and the fifth head
of the extenfor of the cubit are joined.

ghiikklm Longus minor, or the fifth extenfor of the
cubit j dg it's origin from the inferior angle of the fca-
pula, and tendinous furface of the teres major; h (hews
fome remaining flefhy fibres where the longus major was
attached to it's flat tendon ; ghiik it's flat tendon from
which the flefhy part i i I arifes at i /', and runs towards
the tendon m to be inferted into the infide of the ancon ;

k fhews the out-line of the tendon of the latiflimus dorfi
and membrana carnofa, which is infeparably joined to the
teres major, and makes with it but one tendon, though
the fibres from this mufclc, in fome meafure, interfe�r.
thofe of the teres major, and are inferted into the hume-
rus, making the upper angle of the tendon along with
the upper part of the teres major. The fibres which come
from the anterior part of the latiffimus dorfi are inferted
the higheft (being interfered by the pofterior part which
runs over the inferior angle of the fcapula) going to their
infertion with the lower part of the tendon of the teres
major.

no Brachialis externus; arifes from the upper part of
the os humeri betwixt the beginning of the brachialis in-
ternus and the tendons of the teres major; o the part
where it begins to be tendinous and goes to be inferted
into the extremity of the ancon.

ppq The inferior part of the ferratus major anticus,

r Nervus cubitalis.

s Nervus radialis.

t Nervus mufculo-cutaneus.

# Nervus medianus.

w Branches of the arteria and vena axillaris.

Mufe/es, &e. on the Trunk.

i i, &c. 2 2, &c. The external intercoftals; they
arife at i i, &c. from the inferior edge and a little of the
outfide of each rib, the laft excepted ; they are a little
tendinous, and defcending obliquely downwards, are in-
ferted at 2 2, &c. into the upper edge and a little of the
outfide of each rib, the firft excepted.

3 3, Sec. 4 4, &c. The internal intercoftals: they arife
at 3 3, &c. from the fuperior edge of the bony part of
each rib except the firft, not covering any of the outfide,
and from the edges of the cartilages of the ribs and a con-
fiderable part of the outfide of them 5 they are chiefly ex-
ternally tendinous, but partly flefhy, and afcending ob-
liquely upwards, and forwards are inferted into the lower
edge of the bony part of each rib, and into the edges and
part of the outfide of their cartilages, the laft rib ex-
cepted.

5 5 5 5 5 Branches of the nervi coftales, lying upon
the tranfverfales, which go to the abdominal mufcles and
integuments.

The nerves and blood-veflels which are marked on
the thorax are thofe which were diftributed to the parts
taken off, as the obliquus internus and externus, latifli-
mus dorfi, membrana carnofa, Sec. and integuments f
the nerves come from the nervi dorfales, and nervi lum-
bares; the arteries from the arteriae intercoftales infe-

L riores.

n.;^»Q loncxus � it is externally tendi-

¹¹¹⁶ ^2S^K^2*« part of that vertebra
nous: it ariies rrum a r , g _t» mfertion

which the .ntervertehrahs does «^cover ^ _rf

r f ^rrintlSeSSs does not cover,
the atlas which the inter^vcl _CHDEF the parts

CDEFGHIK Longus coj .HD J

anfmg from the tranfverfe jroeefl ^ _R ^ _t _whlch
fifth, and fixth vertebraot t ^ ^

is inferred f^X'dCebra, as CDEF run in
verle proceffes,c» * efc ^^ _rf _he _tranfver

part to be intertea _tebrse above them, as well

proceffes and bod.es °f ^ ^ve" _g _w _be _inferted into the

as join <Vof the bod7 rf the firft vertebra, the part
antenor part ot the do y ^ _or _nearly ^

H may be divided into a dii ^ _fo ^ , _R ^

and probably the part, U t. r^ y _rf ^ _fixfh

part inferted into the anterior^ob J P _ft,_g ^^

vertebra, I ^the,^tend°"_orf_ateral part of the body of the

LL, &c. theirinfertions >^he ^ ? ^ ^
vertebra of the neck; MM,&c r *_ht _them

roots of the oblique proceffes,^ISition ^there ^feems

and the <**&g*^$�U <**»*«-
be an origin from me iuw _n r _rather

brabelowit, ^d the upper obhqu pro e^,

_feems _to be at the root of the "PP^**^ _vertebra,
atooft down to the lower obhquef oceiso ^

and betwixt the oblique and ^tra"^* E_ri�in is from the
intervertebralis does not cover. �owe J .^ ^

firft vertebra of the back, part of wh.clus
tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra^

NNN Intervertebralappea "g^,,;_; _the *_rifetions of the intertranJVerfan, poft.ores col ^

from the afcending oblique: proeefles ■^ ^ _ofa_

vertebrae of the neck, and from^the fpace ^ _ba

li_que P-^eflf^S f _th^?�Slnrthe^rTateral parts of

they are each of them lniericu

_theUies of the vertebra above then or|m

OOOOPQThe ^^//bip^ockes of d*
OOOOP from the defcending oMiquj ,.
vertebra of the neck, partly externally «ⁿ°^ul^ous> ^as^vertT._t0 o O O _} the part O, from the defcending

rTroce?" rf the third Vertebra! is wholly inferted into the
procels or _fs _f _the _fecond vertebra of

t:i:L^^L part marked OO of the two
vertebrx below that; fo that there are ong.nat.ons from
�� dffferent vertebra, which un.te in their infertions in-

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			TAB.JHI.

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[

]

feven,) at it's protuberating part, where it joins to the
vertebra, and then the infertion becomes in each rib
gradually broader, partly tendinous, and partly fleihy,
till it comes to the laft rib, where it is about nine minutes
broad : it is alfo inferted into all the tranfverfe proceiTes
of the vertebrx of the loins the whole length of their in-
ferior edges: it's externally tendinous part, near the fpines,
is very thick, but diminiihing as it advances towards the
facro-iumbalis. The fleihy part h h appears through the
tendinous furface of this mufcle; it arifes from the fpine
of the laft vertebra of the loins, and from the three
uppermoft fpines of the factum ftrongly tendinous, as
well as from the fuperior poilerior edge of the ilium / /,
and fleihy from the infide of the ligament kkk, which is
a very ftrong one, efpecially near the ilium ; at b it arifes
fleihy from all the anterior fide of the ilium which is be-
hind the tranfverfe procefs of the os facrum.

lmnn,&LC.o Sacro-lumbalis j I the part that arifes
from, or with, the longiffimus dorfi by a fmall tendon:
in this fubje& it receives originations by flat tendons about
half the breadth of the mufcle from the fuperior edge of
all the ribs except two of three of the uppermoft; and is
inferted, by diftincl: flat tendons, into the inferior edge
of all the ribs except two or three of the loweft � and in-
to the tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra of the
neck, as at o ; n n<> &c. mark it's infertions into the ribs,
each tendon running upon the furface of the mufcle over
about three ribs below it's infertion ; m the part exter-
nally fleihy.

Vpqrstu Tranfverfalis abdominis 5 pp the part earn-
ing from it's origin from the tranfverfe proceiTes of the
three or four uppermoft vertebrx of' the loins j at P it is
joined by a tendinous origin from the fpine of the ilium ;
p r it's origin from the loweft rib, which is continued down
all the length of the inferior edge of the bony part of the
rib from r to it's conjunction with the vertebra ; Ppqrst
it's fleihy part; // it's tendon which is inferted into the
enfiform cartilage and linea alba. It is more fully explain-
ed in table the fourteenth.

w Arteria epigaftrica, or the internal branch of the
external iliaca.

xxx Branches of the nervi lumbares which go to the
abdominal mufcles and integuments.

yy The external branch of the outer iliaca in two ra-
mifications, accompanied by the external branch of the
outer iliac vein in two ramifications.

z Mammaria interna.

In the right lower Limb;
effg The iliacus internus; ff it's origin from the

ilium; at � it is tendinous on the furface; at eg it has ari
origin from the fafcia lata: it joins in with the pfoas
magnus from it's origin, and is with it inferted into the
little trochanter of the thigh bone. �They feem to be but
one mufcle.

hikkkll Glutxus iriternus; h it's origin from the
ilium, externally tendinous, but inwardly fleihy 5 it is ex-
ternally fleihy at / � at kkk are tendinous lines. It is in-
ferted into the great trochanter at Ikkkl

pqqrst The large addufitor of the thigh; p the flat
tendon by which it arifes from the ligament running from
the facrum and coccyx to the ifchium; q q the beginning
of the fleihy part on this fide, externally tendinous; r the
external fleihy part 5 s the place where it's thick belly be-
gins to dirniniih, conforming to the belly of the gemellus;
it is inferted by a ftrong tendon into the internal condyle
of the os femoris behind the origin of the articular liga-
ment and a little below it.

uw The gracilis; u the fleihy part; w the tendon.

xy Mufculus parvus in articulatione femoris fitus \
* the fleihy part; y the tendon.

11x223456 Cruralis ; 111 it's origin by fmall
"at tendons externally, but internally fleihy; 2 2 the
place where the tendinous furface begins to difappear;
3 4 it's infertion into the patella and lateral ligament; at
3 it is^ partly divided for the reception of blood-vefTels j
and it's origin at 6 is confounded with the two vaftii.

7 89 VaftuS internus 5 8 it's origin along with the
cruralis from the femoris; 9 it's tendinous infertion into
the patella$ it has a fleihy infertion about half way up
the femur into the external tendinous furface on the in-
ternal fide of the cruralis 5 or thefe two may be joined to-
other, and called but one penhiform mufcle, the tendon
Ipoken of receiving the fleihy infertions of the vaftus in-
turnus on one fide, and on the other of that part of the
eruralis marked 1112253; and the part 346 only
may be called cruralis, being diftincl: from the patella
up to the part 6, where, at it's origin, it is confounded
^W1th the fleihy fibres of the two vaftii; the origin of thefe
juufcles, except 346 is from the upper part of the thigh
bone, and continued down that bone to 6.

¹⁰ The lateral ligament of the external fide of the pa-
tella which binds that bone to the external condyle of the
os femoris.

11 The middle or anterior ligament of the patella which
binds that bone to the tibia.

12. The lateral ligament of the internal Me of the pa-
tella which binds that bone to the tibia.

^x3 13 The burfal ligament of the knee, betwixt which

and

riores, and arterix lumbares, the veins from the ven
intercoftales and venx lumbares.

aabcc dee ff The femi-fpinalis and fpinalis dorfij aabeff
femi-fpinalis dorfi, which arifes fle(hy from all that fpace of
the tendinous furface of the longiffimus-dorfi that lies be-
twixt it's out-line marked a a^ and the dotted out-line
marked b d of the fpinalis dorfi which lies under it, and
then running over it's ftrong tendinous furface marked
with dotted lines; bdee communicates with it's flefhy
fibres, and with them goes to be inferted into the fpinal
a'pophyfis ff: it communicates with the fpinalis cervicis,
and is inferted under that part of it, R, which arifes from
the fpine of the third vertebra of the back, or from the
ligamentum colli: betwixt thofe two fpines it fends a
ftrong tendon alfo down to the fpine of the firft vertebra
of the back iced fpinalis dorfi, which arifes by a ftrong
ligamentous tendon under the femi-fpinalis marked with
dotted lines b de <?, which fends off fleihy fibres communi-
cating with the femi-fpinalis, and are inferted with it into
the fpines of the backyy^ it is alfo inferted into the in-
ferior ridge of the fecond fpine of the back, which infer-
tion is continued about half way down from the end to-
wards the root, and into the fpine of the firft dorfal verte-
bra, beginning it's tendinous and fleihy infertion near the
end, below the infertion of the tendon of the femi-fpinalis,
and continuing it for about half the length of that fpine
along it's inferior ridge: it's principal or ftrongeft infertion
is by a ihort, ftrong, roundiih tendon into the fpine of
the feventh vertebra of the neck, which is the only part
appearing as at c c d, the reft being under the fcapula and
femi-fpinalis dorfi.

The femi-fpinalis feems to make it's infertions into the
extremities, or very near them, of the ten fuperior fpines
of the back, and the fpinalis makes it's infertions all the
way from the infertion of the femi-fpinalis along their in-
ferior ridges down to the infertions of the multifidx fpinx,
which is half the length of the feven uppermoft, the in-
fertion then diminiihes till it comes almoft to a point in
the tenth fpine : it's origin is entirely tendinous from the
eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and
fixteenth fpinal proceiTes of the back.

ghhiikkk Longiilimus dorfi; g the tendon inferted in-
to the tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra of the
neck : it is inferted by diftincl: flat tendons into the tranf-
verfe proceiTes of the vertebrx of the back ; the lateral
part of it is inferted into the lower convex edge of all that
part of the ribs that lies betwixt the facro-iumbalis and
elevators of the ribs, tendinous and fleihy ; or it is
inferted into the rib of thofe that appear from under the
facro-iumbalis and elevators of the ribs, (which are about

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[ *3 ]

the origin feen at 28 from betwixt the tibia and fibula:
27 27 The origin of the fafcia which covers this muf-
cle, which is ftrong and tendinous near it's origin, from
the articular ligament, and fibula, or rather from the ar-
ticular ligament which runs from the external condyle of
the humerus all the way down the external fide of the tibia,
and by which the fibula is attached to the tibia, as well as
by a ligament which arifes from the external eoVe of the
tibia and defcends obliquely downwards to be inferted into
the fibula; 24 the external part of this mufcle where
the fleihy fibres may be feen through the fafcia; 25 25
the tendon.

28 29 Poplitasus; 28 the tendon arifing under the ar-
ticular ligament.

30 The articular ligament, which runs all the way
down the fibula^ and to the bottom of the tibia.

and that marked 34 in table the third, lie the mucilaginous

^ 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Tibialis anticus ; 14 14
it's origin from the fuperior and anterior part of the tibia ;
I c it's tendinous origin from the inferior part of the os
femoris : this is a very ftrong tendon, into which the
flefliy part, which arifes from the tibia at 14 14, begins
to be inferted, after running down about one third ox the
length of the tibia; foon after which infertion flefhy fibres
run" from this, obliquely downwards and inwards to be
inferted into a flat tendon, which is a continuation of what
may be called the proper and inferior tendon of the tibialis
anticus marked 20 : the internal or pofterior part of this
mufcle, which is externally tendinous, makes a riefhy
body much thicker than, or about twice as thick as, the
anterior flefliy part: the fuperior part, running from the
tibia obliquely downwards and outwards, and then from
the external pofterior furface obliquely downwards, _1Salfo inferted into the middle tendon : it ceafes to be flefliy
about the bottom of the tibia, where the internal or pof-
terior tendon and middle tendon form the tendon 20
which is inferted into the offa cuneiformia and metatarsal
bone; the part 19 into the os cuboides, it divides for
thepafTaaeoffomeblood-veflels and then unites again;
and die part 18 into the offa cuneiformia poftenorly run-
nine over the internal articular ligament as far back as the
pofterior edge of the fplint bone,

z% 24. 2; 2; 26 26 27 27 Flexor digitorum pedis;
\ 1 it's tendinous and flefliy origin from the fibula and ar-
ticular ligament, and from the fuperior and pofterior part
of the tibia, which origination is continued near halt the
v*y down that bone from a confiderable rou|hnels; the
protrberating parts of which give rife to the four or five
tendinous parts compofing this mufcle: they intermix with
th- canious part in this manner, the fibres defcend ob-
liquely downwards from the fafcia 26 26 2727 to be in-
ferted into the tendon which lies next it; and that tendon
receives the carnous fibres defending from the tendinous
part which is next to it more internally; and that tendon
Fends fibres obliquely downwards to the next which is ftill
nore internal, and fo on of the reft ; one receiving flefhy
fibres from each fide, and that next it fending them off
to each fide, the external fafcia only excepted, which
fends flefhy fibres to this mufcle only inwards, being the
cover of this mufcle: this fafcia on the external fid,,
where it is marked 26 26, gives origin to the flefhy fibres
of the peromeus : it is joined by the fafcia which arifes
from the internal pofterior edge of the tibia when that
fafcia has run over the tibialis pofticus, which it ferves to
bind down in it's proper place. There is fome part o_A

The infertion 43 is but half of it's tendon, it being di-
vided, and the other half inferted into the internal pofte-
rior edge of the fame bone, leaving, by that divifion, a
paflage for the flexor digitorum pedis, which is feen at
25 lying betwixt the tendon of the plantaris and the bone.

46 A capfular ligament.

47 An articular ligament.

48 A capfular ligament.

49 A ligament which binds the tendon of the planta-
ris to the os calcis, and may be called part of the origin
of the ihort flexor of the toes.

50 An articular ligament.

In the left lower Limb,
a Arteria cruralis.

b Vena cruralis.

hhi Poplitseus; hh it's infertion into the tibia exter-
nally tendinous ; i the flefliy part coming from it's origin
from the external condyle or the femoris which is marked
28 on the left limb in this table.

kllmnop Plantaris; k the flefhy belly; 11 m n the ten-
don ; 0 a ligament arifing from the os calcis and inferted
into the tendon m of the plantaris, which it confines in
it's place; it's fellow is marked 49 on the left limb in
this table. This ligament may be called part of the
origin of the fhort flexor of the toes; n it's infertion into
the firft bone of the toe; the external Infertion is marked
43 on the right lower limb in this table ; betwixt thefe
infertions the tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis runs
down to it's infertion into the coffin bone; p a ligament
arifincr from the firft bone of the toe and inferted into the
tendon.

q A ligament which arifes from one fefamoid bone and
runs over the tendon of the plantaris to be inferted into
the other, and ferves to bind down that tendon.

123 Tibialis pafticus; 1 the flefhy belly; 2 3 the
tendon inferted into the tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis,

4 Flexor digitorum pedis, marked 23 24 25 25 26
26 27 27 27 on the right limb in this table.

101112131516 Tibialis antictis; io the flefhy
part marked 14 on the left limb in this table; 11 the
part marked 16; 12 the part marked 19; 13 the
part marked 18; and 15 is one tendon of the flefhy
part of this mufcle, inferted into the of fa cuneifor-
mia pofleriorly running over the internal articular li-
gament as far back as the pofterior edge of the fplint
bone; the part 16 is inferted into the fuperior and
anterior edge of the metatarfal bone; the part marked 13
runs under the tendon 15 to it's infertion into the ofla>
cuneiformia.

M 17 17 18 The

31 An articular ligament*

3 2 A ligament which binds the oscalcis to the fplint bone.

33 An articular ligament.

34 Arteria fciatica, accompanied with a vein.

35 35 Branches of the arteria glutsea, accompanied
with veins and nerves.

36 A branch of the arteria obturatrix, accompanied
with a vein.

37 A branch of the arteria obturatrix.

38 A branch of the vena cruralis, in which appear
fome valves.

39 A branch of the arteria poplitxa.
51 A branch of the vena poplitiea.

32 Arteria poplitaea.

33 Vena poplitaea, in which appears a valve.

54 Nerves going to the tibialis anticus. They arc
rami of the fmall fciatic branch.

35 Arteria tibialis anterior.

36 Vena tibialis anterior, in which appear fome valves.

3 7 Glandula poplitaea, commonly called the pope's eye.
^8 Vena faphaena.

39 The outer cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.
60 The inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

40 41 42 42 43 44 45 49 The plantaris ; 40 it's origin
from the os femoris; 41 a place where the gemellus is
attached to it by flefhy fibres; 42 42 the tendon in-
ferted at 43 into the firft bone of the toe; 49 a liaament
arifing from the os calcis and inferted into this tendon
which keeps it fteady upon the end of that bone; 44 a
liaament arifing from the firft bone of the toe, and in-
ferted into this tendon; the ligament 45, which arifes
from the fefamoid bone, is not attached to it but runs
over it, and ferves as well as the ligament 44 to prevent
it's ftarting from thofe bones when the joint is bent.

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3 8 An articular ligament.

39 Branches of the vena tibialis anterior.

40 A nerve called fciaticus internus.

41 The inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

In the right upper Limb.

abc Brachialis internus. It arifes at a from the neck
of the humerus, and the internal lower part of the fca-
pula 5 c the part which goes to be inferted into the radius
a little below the infertion of the biceps and more inter-
nally.

deffehi Flexor digitorum profundus; de the firft or
largeft head, explained in table the third, with the other
three heads of this mufcle; d the flefhy part; e the ten-
dinous part; g h the third defcribed head \ g the flefhy
part; h the tendon; i the laft defcribed head, appearing
here a little; ff the common tendon, inferted into the
coffin bone.__See table fourteen for a fuller explanation.

k A lioament which runs down the fmall end of the
ulna, to be inferted into the ligament of bones of the car-
pus, and to which the fafcia is inferted on this fide, which
covers the bending mufcles on the cubit.

Im Flexor digitorum fublimis; / a little of the flefhy
part; m the tendon inferted into the great paftern.

nnnn Articular ligaments.

000 Burfal ligaments.

p Vena cephalica.

q Interoffeus, &c.

r The outer cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

In the left upper Limb.

abc Brachialis internus, made a little concave at b by
the biceps; c it's infertion into the radius,

d Nervus medianus.

e Arteria brachialis;

f Vena brachialis.

g Vena cephalica.

i Flexor carpi radialis.

Im Flexor digitorum fublimis; / the flefhy part; m the
tendon.

nopp Flexor digitorum profundus; n the head mark-
ed gh on the right upper limb in this table; pp the
tendon.

qqqq Articular ligaments.

rrr Burfal ligaments.

s Interoffeus, &c.

/ The inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

17 17 ^J 8 The internal lateral ligament, which binds
the patella to the os femoris; 18 it's origin from the os
femoris ; 17 17 it's infertion into the patella.

i o 19 20 The internal lateral ligament, which binds
the patella to the tibia; 20 it's origin from the tibia ;
19 19 it's infertion into the patella. �This is marked 12
on the left limb in this table.

21 22 The external lateral or anterior ligament, which
binds the patella to the tibia, marked 11 on the left limb
in this table ; ai it's origin from the tibia; 22 it's infer-
tion into the patella.

23 24 The internal, lateral, articular ligament, which
binds the tibia to the os femoris.

25 25 The burfal ligament of the knee, with fome few
of the mucilaginous glands left on which lie betwixt this
ligament and that marked 15 15 15 15 in table the third.

26 Interoffeus, &c.

2728 An articular ligament.

34 The articular ligament of the fetlock joint.

35 The burfal ligament. This is a ftrong thick liga-
ment, and about this place almoft cartilaginous. To this
the tendon of the extenfor digitorum is ftrongly attached,

36 A burfal ligament.

37 An articular ligament.

The fifth Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands,

and Cartilages of a Horse explained.

°f fymphyfis to the anterior edge of the middle lamina of
the os ethmoides, to the anterior edge of the vomer, and
^to the anterior part of the groove formed by the offa
friaxillaria, as far as the nafal fpines of thefe bones t this
lamina compleats the feptum narium of which it forms
tne principal part; 8 the anterior lateral cartilage which
forms the tip of the nofe, or the fuperior anterior part of
the noftril; 9 the pofterior and inferior lateral cartilage,'
or rather bone, for in aged horfes it feems taJje perfect
bone, which helps to form the inferior part of the noftrils,

^I o The anterior cartilage of the outer ear,

^II The outer ear.

In the Neck.
^a Re�tus anticus brevis, or minor j a it's origin from
the lateral part of the body, rather anteriorly, and from the
root of the tranfverfe procefs of the firft vertebra of the
neck. It is inferted into the occiput in it's anterior procefs
or appendix, or to the edge of the bone adjoining to it.
d Cricoarytanoidseus lateralis.

e Cricoarytanoidseus

k The optic nerve, where the eye is Cut away.

UmnncoGp The glandulous membrane of the infide of
the lips and cheek; 000 the part in which the bucci-
nator is inferted, which is thicker than the reft and more
free from glands ; limp the glands called glandule la-
biates ; they are thicker! near the corners of the mouth
and beginning of the upper lip; n n Glandule buccates.

q The elevator of the chin,

1 Vena angularis.

2 Arteria angularis.

3 Nervi maxiilaris inferioris ; they are the third
branch of the fifth pair of nerves.

456 Nervi maxillaris fuperior is; they are branches
of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves; 4 branches
which go to the upper lip ; $ a branch which goes to the
infide of the noftril towards the tip of the nofe; 6 a
branch which goes to the long nafal mufcle of the upper
lip.

7 8^: 9 The cartilages of the nofe ; 7 the middle por-
tion j k i^ a broad cartilaginous lamina, joined by a kind

In the Head.

MUSCULUS feptimus oculi fufpenforius, arifes

from the margin of the hole through which the
' optic nerve paffes into the eye, and is inferted
(beino- divided into feveral flefhy portions) into the lower
or pofterior part of the fclerotica below the termination
of the other mufcles.
b Obliquus fuperior.
c The trochlea.
d Obliquus inferior.
e Attolens.
f Deprimens.
g Adducens.
h Abducens.

i The femi-lunar fold, formed by the conjunctiva,
which inclofes a fort of gland, the internal part of which
is a thick and firm glandular fubftance terminating in fat;
the external or lunar edge is broad and very thin, of a
cartilaginous nature, before which lies the caruncula la-
crymalis, or glandula lacrymalis inferior.

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		a^

			Tab. XI

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	[ iS J miiy, by being broader than the extremity of the fpine; from which projecting part the inferior part of the trape- zius begins about the fourteenth fpine ; it diftinguifhes it- felf about this place alfo by a fmall groove or channel that is formed betwixt it and it's fellow: but it's origin is not to be abfolutely fixed in this place, becaufe in conjunction with the interspinal ligaments it runs down the back and loins, and probably to the end of the tail, joinino- both fides together, they are on the fpinal procefs of the verte- bras of the back, about one minute broad, or rather more, then extending in breadth as they arife from the fupcrior vertebrae till they come to the third fpinal procefs, where they are about four minutes broad, they leave their origin in two diftincl portions, joined only by an intervening li- gament, the fibres of which run in a tranfverfe direction from one part to the other: there is a deep groove or channel continued betwixt them for about one part and fix minutes, as they afcend towards the occiput, as far as i; then diminifhing in breadth, they become almoft round, and infert themfelves into the occiput at 5 about two minutes diameter lying both clofe together; 3 the part of the li- gament arifing from the fpines of the fecond and third ver- tebrae of the back; 4 an intervening ligament, which joins the two origins of the ligamentum colli too-ether j 66666 6 the infertions into the fpinal proceffes of the fuperior vertebrae of the neck j 7 the interfpinal ligament betwixt the firft and fecond vertebrae of the neck ; 8888 a ftrong communicative membrane which fills up the open- ing betwixt the infertions of this ligament, on which fome ftragling filaments of the ligament are expanded. 13 13 14 15 The capfular ligament of the articu- lation betwixt the head and firft vertebra of the neck ; 13 13 the part inferted into the firft vertebra; above 14 it is inferted into the occiput j 15 it's infertion into the long procefs of the occipital bone, which feems to be a coniiderable addition to the mamillary procefs of the tem- poral bone. 16 The capfular ligament of the articulation betwixt the firft and fecond vertebrae of the neck; the pofterior part covers the fpinal marrow, the lateral part covers the articulating part of the fecond vertebra of the neck, where it is covered with a fmooth cartilage. 17171717 Shew the capfular ligaments of the arti- culations of the five inferior vertebras of the neck, made by their oblique procefles : they arife free from the bone juft at the extremity of the oblique procefles, and conti- nue their origin round the articulating cartilages. 18 18, Sec. The vertebral veins, arteries, and nerves of the neck. 19 Part of the jugular vein.
		In the Trunk. ah. Sec. The elevators of the ribs; they arife at a ex- ternally tendinous, from the tranfverfe procefles of all the vertebrae of the back (except the laft) and from the .laft of the neck, to be inferted into the fuperior edge of all the ribs, each being inferted into the rib immediately be- low it's orio-in, and running from it's origin in a radiated manner j the pofterior part, or that next the fpine, run- ning to the upper part of the rib almoft tranfverfely ; the anterior part, or that fartheft from the fpine, running in an oblique direction downwards, to be inferted into the rib about nine minutes from it's articulation with the ver- tebra, for about ten of the inferior ribs ; then they dimi- nish in length gradually, 'till the length of their infertion is but about fix minutes from their articulation at the up- permoft ribs. cc. Sec. dd_? Sec. Multifidi fpinae; cc, Sec. their tendinous originations from the tranfverfe proceffes of the vertebrae of the back ; d d_} &c. their tendinous and flefhy infertions into the fpines of the back, loins, and facrum j their ori- gins and infertions are both tendinous and flefhy, but at the external parts of the origins, from the extremities of the pofterior protuberances of the tranfverfe procefs, are the ftron^eft tendinous parts, the external tendon expanding itfelf as it advances towards the infertions, leaves it exter- nally flelhy near the infertions ; but upon fome of the fu- perior fpines, particularly thofe which lie under the fca- pula, it becomes externally tendinous near it's infertions '₇the infertions neareft the ends of the fpines are tendinous for the moft part, thofe of the loins forming a roundifh tendon about half a minute broad, and a quarter, or near it, thick. ef The lateral mufcle of the tail arifing at e from the fpine of the laft vertebra but one of the loins; /the flelhy part ; it goes to be inferted by a tendon into the oblique procefs of the third vertebra of the tail, and alfo into two or three of the lower ones, and then joins in with the elevating mufcles of the tail. gg, Sic. The inter-tranfverfe mufcles of the tail arifing from one vertebra, and inferted into the next, and fo on through the whole length of the tail. There are mufcles which arife from the upper or pofterior part of the tranf- verfe procefles, and are inferted into the oblique procefles of the next but one or two below them. h The ligament which runs over the fpines of the os facrum. i The elevating mufcle of the tail, beginning its origin from the inferior or pofterior edge of the third fpinal pro- cefs of the os facrum, which origin is continued from near the end of the fpine about half way towards it's root, it's N origin
e Cricoarytanoidams pofticus, f A verv fmall part of the arytenoidams. &TJ OEfophagus 5 g the membrane bared by talon. awiv the lowerconftriaor of the pharynx, and freed a ml from k's attachment to the thyroid cartilage , to ftlw tiebfertion of the -^^f^efced to ik The thyroid cartilage; at the lower procels, tied to the crycoid cartilage by the ligament m. I The annular, or crycoid cartilage. ■n The ilament by which the thyroid or fcutiform, and tlTe crycoid or annular cartilages are tied one to tne *^oth:^r i sssffi »* ^.rt ° e^the ^thy'** mid or fcutiform cartilage to the crycoid cartilage. ^Trachea arteria, afpem artena, or wmd-p.pe. 1 The carotid artery, or carot.s communis. fr / � �;� ^_tirna or the external carotid. _r Artena carotis externa, or inc * Arteria carotis interna, or the internal arot.d. 1 The trunk of the eighth pur of nerves. f A branch of the eighth pair of nerves. I Arteria cervicalis, or the cervical artery. ^SS^to* brevis, or internus; r it's origin , " �' �u_s f , it's infertion into the occiput. SSSebralis; , it's origin from thepending obi qu p ocefs of the third vertebra; .* -fertion into IT lateral oart of the body of the fecond. uT&c ^PThe five inferior intervertebrales, which an- W Jo the fame explanation as the fuperior, only that , i ft rifes from the fpace betwixt the oblique pro- «- f Ae uppeSl veJbra of the back, and the reft Z^t^T^or oblique proceffes only : their ante- no and inferior flefhy parts feem to be confounded with he intettranfverfarii pofteriores coll, but their upper and oofterior parts are diftinft, the nerves and blood-veffels ES betwixt the vertebrae to go to the back of AeneSk running betwixt them xxxxv The multifidus of the fp.ne arifing at xxxx from u j r^ina oblique proceffes of the vertebra of the *^ei^Sly tendinous; ₇ it's uppermoft infertion "to the fpte o/the defending procefs of the fecond ver- tebra of the neck. This is more fully explained m tables the fourth and fourteenth. ■ . > L One of the fcaleme, or rather the elevator of the firft rib arifing at z from the tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra of the neck. It is inferred into the firft r,b. , ₂ _a , 4 c 6 6, &c. ₇ 8 8, &c. Ligamentum colli; it is a double ligament; i the fupenor or pofterior part, which begins to d.ft.ngu. h itfelf about the fif- teenth fpine of the back on the lateral part of it s extre-

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■ fr

l 16 i

27 A ligament running from the aftragalus to the

proper places. The nerves and blood-veffels are marked
as protnherating under it and feen through it.

*** The gracilis; w the flefliy part; ** the fafua
by which it is confined in it's proper place.
\ Part of the adduftor of the thigh, arifing at * from
the ifchium ; it is inferted externally tendinous into the

os femoris. , 1 � r

1 2 * Obturator internus with the gemim ; i the rntt

rio of the gemim, 'ri^^**^^??^
of the obturator internus coming from the tafide of the
ifchium; 3 the fuperior of the gemmi going to it s mo-
tion with the tendon of the obturator ^^> *f **
other gemini into the internal lateral part of the great

"t Acinous fafcia arifing at 4 from the point of a
lint protuberance of the ifchium, which fpreadmg and
deLC is attached to the adduftor magnus; it ferves
� b nd down the tendon of the obturator mternus oblig-
ing it to lie in a concave form poftenorly : it . a guaid

f-he � t^?VoTerTcS l/S ^Pei:X�

pSSI^« *****^to*^line

when in achon. _r ... * � � � ,_ t �

! o 11 11 The burfal ligament of the hip jouu anfing

at _I0 from the osinnominatum, at 11 n from the neck

of the os femoris. . _r. .. , -, .� *

metatarfal boneJ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

28 Interoffeus, &c.

29 Iliaca minor.

30 Arteria glut sea.

31 Pudica communis.

32 32 Arteria obturatrix.

33 Arteria cruralis.

34 Vena cruralis.

35 Nervus cruralis.

36 Arteria poplitsea.

37 Vena poplitsea.

38 The outer cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

39 The inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

In the internal Side of the left lower Limb.

1 The internal lateral ligament of the patella, which

binds that bone to the os femoris.

2 The internal lateral ligament of the patella, which
binds that bone to the tibia, marked 22 on the right limb

in this table.

3 The anterior ligament, which binds the patella to
the tibia, marked 23 on the right limb in this table.

4 The internal articular ligament of the knee joint.
1; A liaament which binds the os calcis to the aitraga-

lus and os naviculare.

6 6 6 6 The internal articular ligaments of the loot.

■ � � <;^Prl flefhv From the fides, edges and inter-
S3B SSTrfSff of the factum below that,
� thfwS length of'thelaft of them, and after paf-
fagW one is inferted into the next oblique procefs, or

t^pvf but one, below. ■ ■ . . , �

k The depreffing mufcle of the tad beginning ,t s on-
oin from under the tranfverfe proceis or tne third verteora
If t°faerum and eontinuing from the tranfverfe pro-
ceferf thofe below from the whole breadths of them,

ferted into the bodies of the verteDte or bones of the tan.
' /// The lungs appearing through the pleura_
■ mmtnnnn The diaphragm appearing through the pleu
ra; mmm the flefhy part; nnn the tendinous part.

id, &c. Nervi intercoftales.

pL &c. Arteri* intercoftales.

* The inteftines, feen through the pentonseum.

In the right lower Limb. _

abc Mufeulus parvus in articulatione femons 'ms
_a it's round flelhy belly ; * the flat tendon by i****
arifes over the tendon of the reaus cruris ; C the flat ten
don by which it is inferted into the os femons.

dej The head of the reftus, left on *%*��*
mufcle arifes from the os innom.natum, gj^Jg*
the third under the gluteus medms ^g�

, _I3 Mark where the burfal ligament had its

7 A ligament which runs from the aftragalus to the me-

nus, and in table the fourth under the gluteus mtemus
4 it's origin from the external or g^Jtt*��_tferiorfpine of the ilium, covered at b by .the thin Hat
tendo/of the mufeulus parvus m ^lat.one emon
r_tu,. _e i_t'_s origin from the antenor part ot the imenor
[pine' of the ilium; f the place where the mufcle is

^CUt °u n:,�,c internus; *' * the anterior part arifing from
tiro Ihacus internum, > r

� ■ c +.u _P fpmnm which lriierts ltielt into the
origin from the os lemons, wu»ui

patella and tibia. '., _e , �

* a r i-;^v, Kinrk the cartilage ic to the ti-

14. A ligament wnicn binas mc wi _& ^

bra; behind 14 the top of the tibia is memfted with a
fmJoth cartilagt, which ferves the tendon of the pophteus

to Hide upon. . , _r aL

i_s The outer femi-lunar cartilage m the joint or the

tatarfal bone, marked 27 on the right lower limb in this

table. � � r A

8 Part of the tendon of the gemellus, which is inferted

into the os calcis, cut off at 8.

9 Interoffeus, &c.

10 Arteria cruralis.

11 Vena cruralis. , . _f ,

12 The inner femi-lunaf cartilage in the joint ot tne

'J/ff.^^^^^^?lf!fii^^::^''it^»g"^*ⁱ ^knee: ~, ■ ,_fl-liaament of the fcnee j i8it*sori-

the fpine ot the mum, «■ y ■rF_rtpc\ ;_nto _th_e leffer 18 19 The articular ligament ui ui ,

from the fafcia lata; * the teftdp�J*****?* J⁶ ^ _frJ_the _og _femoris . ,₉ _lt's infertion mto the fibula,

trochanter; at / a fafcia anfes which runs over the pol gin^ ^^^ ^_h _bindg ^ _fibu,_a _h _tl

" "' -' � ' _aI The external lateral ligament which binds the pa-

tella to the os femons. . .

13 The outer femi-lunar cartilage in the joint of the
knee

14 The inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

₂2 The internal lateral lig

tella to the tibia.

a₃ The anterior ligamen

^tlCa4 Part of the tendon oferted into the os calcis, cut

2- A ftrons li^anient wh

Mufcles, &c. on the right upper limb,
aab Subfcapularis j b it's infertion into the humerus.

c Interoffeus, Sec. .

ddd Ligaments which bind the orbicular bone to tne
radius, the bones of the carpus, and metacarpal bone.

eeee Articular ligaments.

____________________________I f Nervus cubitalis.

mufcle is confined in it's proper place.

T A fort of fafcia under which thefe nerves and blood-

fplint bone.

26 26 26 26 The

extern

al articular ligaments of the g Nervus axillaris.

h Nervus radialis, � �_

1 Nervus

veffels lie, and to which they are attached as well as the
neighbouring mufcles, and by that means kept in their foot.

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o The outer cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.
p I he inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

In the internal Side of the'left upper Limb,
aaaa Articular ligaments.
b InterofTeus, &c.

/ Nervus mufculo-cutaneus.
kk Nervus medianus.
// Arteria axillares.
m Vena axillares.
n Vena cephalica.

t Nervus medianus.

d Arteria brachialis, or the humeral artery
e \ cna brachialis, or the humeral vein
/ Vena cephalica.
g The inner cartilage belonging to the coffin bone.

The fixth Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins Glands

and Cartilages of a Horse, viewed in front, explained. " ' '

^1 In the Head. ^^^^^^^^^^^

into the corner of the mouth.�The part 4 4 is the elevi
tor of the upper lip; the part N N the elevator of the
ake nau and upper lip.

0 3 5 0 3^The zygomatici; 3 5 it's origin from the or-
bicular mufcle of the eye-lid; 0 the part which goes _tobe inferted into the corner of the mouth.
p The lateral dilators of the upper-lip and noftrik
qqqr The orbicular mufcle of the mouth; r fibres
which intermix with the fibres of the long nafal mufcles of
the upper lip.

ss Part of the latiffimus colli, which is inferted into the
lower jaw bone.

tuu The tendons of the long nafal mufcles of the up-
per hp ; t the union of the tendons.

zvw The anterior dilators of the noftrik
xx Part of the membrana pituitaria, which lines the
whole internal nares, the cellular convolutions, the con-
cha?, the fides of the feptum narium, and, by an uninter-
rupted continuation, the inner furface of the firms fronta-
lis and maxillares, and of the dudhis lacrymalis palati
and fphenoidalis: it is likewife continued down from the
nares to the pharynx.

In the Neck, Breafl, Shoulder! and Trunk
abedefghss The quadratus genae latiffimus colli or
broad mufcle of the neck; a it's origin from the fter-
num, a little below the top 5 b it's origin from the
proper, or inverting membranes of the pe&oral mufcle,
or from the membranous continuation of the membrana
carnofa ; over that mufcle at c the fJefhy parts of each
fide recede from each other; and are united only by the
tendinous expanfion d, which becomes flefhy aaain or
gives rife to flefhy fibres at e _h /the part under which die
jugular vein protuberates 5 g the part under which the
fterno-maftoideus, or rather fterno-maxillaris, protube-
rates ; h a part which runs over the levator humeri pro-
prius; at ss it runs over the lower jaw, and is, about
the lower s, inferted into that bone.

ikll The proper elevator of the humerus; i that

part which arifes tendinous from the procerus maftoideus,
and by a tendinous membrane from the ridcre _Gf the occi
put: this part alone may be called levator humeri pro
prius; and the part k, which lies partly under it and
arifes from the tranfverfe procefTes of the foui uppermoft
vertebrae of the neck, may be called mufculus ad levato-
rcm acceffons, being a diftincl: mufcle 'till it comes to be
joined with or inferted into the levator humeri proprius

nerve m comes out;
// the part which goes to be inferted into the humerus
along with the tranfverfe or fuperior part of the peftoralis

between the biceps, and brachials internus___The part

arifing from the procefTus maftoideus, and ridge of the
occiput is the anterior and fuperior part of the trapezius �
it has the coracohyoideus ftrongly attached to it, which
it confines in it's proper fituation agreeable to the curva-
ture of the neck.
mm Nerves.

nnoppqqr The pe&oral mufcle; nno the fuperior
part which arifes from the fuperior part of the fter
num for about one third of it's length, and running in
a tranfverfe -direction over the inferior part is inferted
along with the levator humeri proprius by a flat membra-
nous tendon into the humerus, betwixt the biceps and
brachials internus 5 ppqq the part of this mufcle which
arifes from the anterior and inferior part of the fternum
for about two thirds of it's length, and runs down upon
the mufcles lying on the infide of the cubit; a little be-
low q q it ceafes to be flelhy j r the part which arifes from
the aponeurofis of the external oblique mufcle of the ab-
domen, and is inferted into the head of the os humeri in-
ternally.

s Some of the fuperior parts of the trapezius. In this
view none of the inferior parts can be feen

tt*wwxxjpyzzzz&&& Membrana carnofa; tt the
poftenor and inferior origin of the flefhy fibres; //the
thickeft part of this flefhy pannicle going to be inferted along
with the latiffimus dorfi and teres major into the humerus?
w w large branches of veins which are fpread in this muf-

O dej

abaah /*H9~"\HE anterior mufcles of the anterior carti-

lage : they arife under the epicranius
thick and flelhy, and are inferted into
the anterior angle of the anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

cc The lateral mufcles of the anterior cartilage of the
outer ear: they arife from above the orbits of the eyes; and
are inferted into the anterior cartilages of the external ear.

dd The origenes. Their origin is, probably, from the
epicranius; as they are not connected to the bone : they
are inferted into the anterior cartilage.

ee The infertion of the middle parts of the retrahens,
which is about one third of the way from the root of the
ear to the tip ; and about the middle of it's convexity.

ff Mufcles which run from the anterior cartilage to

the external ear.

hh Mufcles which arife from under the lateral mufcles
c c in this table, and are inferted at the inferior angles of
the openings of the ears anteriorly.

/ The lateral depreflbr of the outer ear; arifing from
the quadratus colli, and inferted clofe by the lateral muf-
cle of the anterior cartilage c in this table into the inferior
angle of the opening of the ear pofteriorly.

iiK The epicranius, or mufcle of the fcalp; K the
tendinous expanfion that goes to the elevators of the
upper lip, and wings of the nofe ; kk the flelhy parts
which run over part of the orbicular mufcles of the eye-
lids, and are inferted into the external fkin.

lllimlll^m The orbicular mufcles of the eye-lids;
2 the origin of the fibres from the ligament, by which
the conjunction of the eye-lids in the great canthus is
tied to the nafal part of the os unguis.

LL The corrugators of the eye-brows.

/; n N N44;?// N The elevator of the upper lip and cor-
ner of the mouth : about the inner angle of the eye it
arifes from the bone : from n to n it arifes from the epicra-
nius � N N that part which is expanded under the di-
lator of the noftril and mouth ; 4 4 the part which runs
over the dilator of the noftril and mouth, and is inferted

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[

]

/ The hoof.

In the lower Limbs.

ARCDabcdeghhiik The membranous continua-
tion of the fleihy pannicle down the lower limbs along
with the fafcia lata, &c. as they cover the mufcles, &c:
which lie upon thofe limbs; A the mufculus fafcia lata'
protuberating; B vaftus externus ; C the patella; D the
anterior ligament which binds the patella to the tibia;
a the fleihy part of the tibialis anticiis, making it's ap-
pearance through the fafciae that cover it; bed the ex-
tenfor longus digitorum pedis; b the fleihy belly ; c d the
tendon; e a fort of tendon formed by thefe fafciae, which
joins with the tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum pe-
dis ; g the fleihy belly of the peroneus; hh i. branch of the
crural vein, called vena faphaena, or faphaena major;
*^l k the tendon of the plantaris.

I The hoof;

tion of the flelfiy parihicle down the upper limb, as it co-
vers the mufcles, &c. which lie upon that limb ; abb
the extenfor carpi radialis ; a the fleihy belly ; b b the
tendon; c the tendon cf a mufcle which is analogous to
a combination of the abduclor policis manus, extenfor
longus, and brevis policis manus, and indicator in the
human body : it arifes from the lateral part and ridge of
the radius, and (in a horfe, the thumb and fore-finger
being wanting,) is inferted into the imperfect metacarpal
bone of the fore-finger, or loft in the ligaments inferted
into that bone, or rather attached to them before their in-
fertion : def extenfor digitorum communis ; d the fleihy
belly ; ef the tendon ; g flexor carpi radialis; h flexor
carpi ulnaris ; at //"/ this membranous expanfion goes un-
der the hoof, kkk vena cephalica, which arifes from
under the hoof, and falls into the jugularis externa, oh
the radius it is called vena radialis, and below that, vena
plantaris.

cle ; xx the origin of the fuperior portion of the carnous
fibres of this mufcle, which are but very thin, all tending
towards the cubit, and becoming a meet membrane as
they pafs the juncture of the elbow, are thus expanded
over the mufcles, &c. below, adhereing in fome places
to the edges of the mufcular ligaments or thofe ligaments
which bind down the tendons of the mufcles to keep them
in their proper places; yyy zzzz thepofteriorand infe-
rior tendino-membranous part which runs over the
loins, back, and part of the abdomen ; the parts lying
under which protuberate, as the ferratus major pofticus
at yyy_y and the ribs at & & ; it then goes down the
lower limbs with, or is loft in the fafcia of the latiflimus
dorfi, fafcia lata, and other membranous expanfions which
are fpread upon the mufcles, &c. of the lower limbs.

In the upper Limb,
abbedefghiiikkk The membranous continua-

The feventh Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands,

and Cartilages of a H o r s e, viewed in front, explained.

xxy The temporal mufcle ; xx it's origin ; y it's in-
fertion into the coronary procefs of the under jaw bone.
z The mafTeter.

1 Arteria annularis.

2 Vena annularis.

3 The falivary duct.

4 Branches of the nervus maxillaris inferior : they are
branches of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves :
they are accompanied with an artery from the temporal
artery which communicates with the arteria angularis.

/// the Ear.

ab A mufcle arifins at a from the anterior cartilage,
and inferted at b into the external ear.

c A mufcle which arifes by two fleihy heads from the
internal furface of the anterior cartilage, and is inferted
into the lower convex part of the external ear near the
root, nearer the pofterior edge than the anterior : it aflifts
the pofterior part of the retrahens in action.

d A mufcle which is a fort of antagonift to c; it arifes
from the ridge of the occiput under the retrahens, and is
inferted into the ear at d: it helps to turn the opening of
the ear forwards.

f The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

g The outer ear.

In the Neck,
a be Sterno-maftoideus, or fterno-maxillaris, becaufe
it arifes at a from the top of the fternum, and is inferted
tendinous into the lower jaw bone under the parotid gland,
and by _a continuation of the fame flat tendon into the root
or the proceiius maftoideus.

«d Caracohyoideus arifes from the upper and inter-
nal fide of the humerus, betwixt the infertions of the
iubfcapularis and teres major by a flat membranous ten-
don, and is inferted into the os hyoides ; it has a ftrong
attachment to the anterior part of the levator humeri pro-
pnus, or rather the anterior part of the trapefius, by
which it is confined in it's proper place, being prevented
torming a ftreight line when the neck is curved.

ee Longus colli.

ff Scaleni.

gh Inter-tranfverfalis minor colli.

iklm Serratus major anticus; / the part which arifes
from the tranfverfe proceifes of the third and fourth verte-
brae of the neck; k that from the fifth, / that from the
iixth, m that from the feventh: it is inferted into the fca-
pula. Betwixt thefe parts are marked arteries and nerves
which go to the parts lying over them.

nnoo The jugular veins ; at 00 are valves.

p Glandulx cervicales inferiores. See table fecond, 5.

In the Head.
a f~ i'-VHE anterior dilator of the noftril.

1 bedd The lateral dilator of the noftril

and upper lip; c it's origin; dd the part
which is inferted into the noftril.

efgh The long nafal mufcle of the upper lip; f it's
origin; g it's tendon, where it unites with it's fellow;
h it's infertion into the upper lip.
kk Ales naris.

Imno A mufcle ariiing by a fmall tendon along with
the long nafal mufcle of the upper lip at m; n it's in-
fertion by a fmall portion into the wing of the nofe ; 0 the
principal part going to be inferted into the concha narium

inferior.

p Part of the membrana pituitaria which lies upon
the opening of the nares. See table fix, x.

P Mufculus caninus, or the elevator of the corner of
the mouth.

QJ5J5^The orbicular mufcle of the mouth.

qrr Mufculus ciliaris ; q it's origin.

st The broad ligament of the eye-lids, which are
membranous elongations formed by the union of the pe-
rioftium of the orbit and pericranium, along both edges
of each orbit.

uw The ball of the eye; u the pupil; w the iris.

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	[ 19 J the fafcia lata ; 5 the fieihy part of this mufcle which lies over the abdomen ; 6 6 part of it's infertion into the fpine of the ilium.�Upon this mufcle are marked a great many fmall branches from the intercoftal arteries which go to the membrana carnofa and integuments. 7 7 Longiffimus dorfi. In the upper Limbs. aabcdefghi A fafcia or ftrong membranous produc- tion, lying over the extending mufcles which are upon the cubit: a a it's origin from the two external protube- rating parts of the humerus, from the levator humeri proprius, from the trapezius^ and from the anterior edo-e of the triceps: it is expanded like a ftrong ligament betwixt the two protuberating parts of the humerus, and gives origin to fome of the flefhy fibres of the extenfor carpi radialis ; it is inferted into the radius on each fide of the extending mufcles, and into the mufcular ligaments on the carpus; it makes a continued cafe for the extending mufcles from their originations down to the carpus, and confines them fteady in their proper places ; there lies pro- tuberating under it, at abcdef, the extenfor carpi ra- dialis, of which bed mark the flefhy part; ef the ten- dinous, which is inferted at f into the metarcarpal bone ; at g the mufcle protuberates, which is analoo-otis to the extenfors of the thumb in the human body, and at h i the extenfor digitorum communis of which h is the flefhy part; / the tendon. klm The tendon i inferted at k into the cofEn bone; at Im into the great paftern or firft bone of the finoer. n n Ligaments which confine the tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis down to the great paftern, which is analogous to the firft bone of the finger in the human fub- je�f.: they are fent from the interofTeus, &c. op An expanfion which arifes from the external articu- lar ligament betwixt the humerus and cubit and from the olecranon : it receives an addition from the lono-us minor and then defcends over the bending mufcles to form the ligaments on the carpus to which it is attached, as well as to the bones of the cubit on each fide of the bounds of the bending mufcles; there lies protuberating under it at 0, the flexor carpi radialis ; and at/> flexor carpi ulnaris. � It forms the ligament which binds down the tendons of the bending mufcles on the carpus, and defcends more than half way down the fplint bones, then degenerates into a membrane, and joins the ligament which arifes from the fefamoid bones. qr Vena cephalica: it arifes from under the hoof and falls into the jugularis. ss Vena plantaris. / Nerves which go to the integuments.
		u A ligament proper to the tendon of the extenfor di- gitorum communis, inferted, at two protuberating parts of the radius, 6n each fide the channel in which the ten- don lies. wxyy A ligament whofe fibres run in a tranfverfe di- rection over the anterior part of the carpus, to which the carnous membrane adheres at w. and the burfal liaament which lies under it about x: it feems to arife from the fafcia which covers the bending mufcles on the cubit, and the articular ligaments protuberating under it atyy. zz The articular ligaments of the fetlock joint. gj? A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mufh- room, arifing from the coffin bone, received by the like fubftance arifing from the hoof, which it mutually receives. In the lower Limbs. a Part of the gluteus externus. bbbed Gluteus medius; bbb it's origin from the ten- dinous furface of the facro-lumbalis: c it's origin from the ilium. efghik Mufcufus fafcia lata; e the pofterior flefhy belly; /^the fleftiy part lying betwixt the two fieihy bel- lies ; ghik the broad tendon ; at g it is covered by the fafcia lata, which, in this place, is inseparably united with it, but ceafes to adhere to it betwixt g and h₉ where it is cut off; at / the tendon of this mufcle is inferted into the tibia ; at g h the vaftus externus protuberates; at k the patella; and betwixt k and / is the external anterior liga- ment which binds the patella to the tibia. Imnopqrssst Biceps cruris; Im the anterior flefhy part, which is inferted into the patella near «?, and by a ftrong tendon mn into the tibia at n; the part m lies under the flat tendon of the middle part 0, which joins the flat tendon of the mufculus fafcia lata; o the middle part of this mufcle going to be inferted into the anterior and fuperior ridge of the tibia, and the tendon of the anterior part running from the patella to/; pqrssst the tendon of the pofterior part of this mufcle, which is inferted at s s s into the anterior ridge of the tibia, and under which protube- rates, aty�₃ the extenfor longus. uuuuwcoxz iii The tendon of the extenfor longus di- gitorum pedis, of which p is the flefhy belly; and uuuuwwx the tendon inferted at // into the coffin bone, and at ww into the great paftern or firft bone of the toe; x the place where the faicise are cut off which join in with this tendon ; at q the tibialis anticus protuberates under the tendon of the bi- ceps cruris, of which q is the fieihy part, and z 1 the ten- dons protuberating under the ligaments ; at r the perone- us protuberates, of which r is the fieihy part, and 22 the tendon which joins in with the long extenfor of the foot. P 3 Extenfor
In the Shoulders and Trunk. ^ �%6 Serratus minor anticus anfes from the fternum and , f Sftrib and from the cartilag.nous endmgs of ^Pf ; third and fourth ribs near their joining to the fecond ^nTerted into the fuperior cofta near the the fternum : it s ^"J^ _farfa^ _of _the fopra-fpina- ^bafooft^f?leaed to the teres minor by a fafcia, TS fitfr»this mufcle over the infVa and fupra- 3 S^tmS Smouiface of the fupra-fpi- ^T/eerrTth Peaoralis; </</« the fuperior part i^deeJj{i"._ernnm _at ^ which is, at ee, going to arifmg from the fternum *« , _{ _with _the be inferted, by a flat membranous ttndon, g kvatot^-^-rSI^Snus^ //� the betwixt the biceps ana _from ^ ^^ ^ part of this muBe whrt « _dsthemufdes _ ^e ^^4^�fldb� about gg, and fends a ing on the cubit ceales^to ^ ^^ _on ^ _m_ membranous tendon or ia cm _membrana _carnofa. fide the cubit, ^Srl^s of the exter- * the part which anfes -m P ^ ._g _inferted ^ "u^l ? LfXe os humeri internally. . r ;, . . the head ot trie ot> i-u r^mil^ � kk it s origin **"?- 'TJeT ul Tnt's insertion into The from the fpine of the J�?�^* ^ ^ ^ head of the os humeri and cap ular ^ ^ ^ ^ _rf � ^hS a^ca'pi ligament on the outfide of the ^ttfpinatus J^�ffi llet* it is inferted into the protuberating parr _r Teres minor. the aponeurofis, or ten- don of this mufc e, J n _over ^ ^^ _M. flfmy P-t o th s mufcle _be gle of the fcapula, ^ J _fticus _prombe. �?iS* aponeurofis of this mufcle. * ^Si; , the head, called extenfor lon- gus j * extenfor brevis. ₆₆ Obliquus ex- ^& _r t >^r 2 2 2, &C. 334445^u� -¹ ¹ , '�r defcendens abdominis; it's fuperior origin is TZXfifth rib: about , i i.&c it begins it's origin ? L ribs and intercoftals, and continues it down to from the ribs an ^ ^^ _to _adhere _fo _them. ^ab0Ut �*&fl,y part which does not adhere to the ribs, ⁴⁴,^ nftl � % 3 mark the flefhy fibres anfing from and intercoltals j .-ft i

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[

1
J

bones of the tarfus and fplint bone, and is inferted into
the anterior and fuperior part of the metatarfal bone, and
running membranous over the ligament 5 joins the liga-
ment 4 j it's tendinous fibres run chiefly tranfverfe, but fome
fcattered irregular tendinous f In pes from about 7 run
obliquely downwards and inwards : there is an expansion
running to this from the fafcia which covers the flexor di-
gitorum over the peroneus which compleats a cafe for that
mufcle.

7 A ligament which binds down the tendon of the pe-
roneus ; it runs from the tibia to the os calcis : it is mark-
ed 3 4 in table the fecond.

8 8 A fort of ligamentous fafcia, betwixt which and
the burfal ligament the mucilaginous glands are contained;
it is attached above, to the ligament 4, and below, to the
ligament 6, on the infide to the articular ligament.

0 10 10 Interoffeus, Sic. it is like a ftrong ligament
arifing from the upper part of the metatarfal bones, and

fome of the tarfal bones, and is inferted into the fefamoid
bones and firft bone of the toe on each fide, and fends
oil the ligaments 10 10 to the tendon of the extenfor
longus digitotuiii pedis.

11 The tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis,

12 12 The tendon of the plantaris.

13 13 Venafaphxna.

14 Vena plantaris externa.

15 Vena plantaris interna, or a continuation of the
vena faphxna.

16 The vena plantaris arifing from under the hoof.

17 The tendon of the gemellus, or tendo achilles, in-
ierting ltfelf into the os calcis, covered by the fafcix which
are inferted into the os calcis.

i 8 Tibialis pofticus.

19 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mufh-
room, arifing from the coffin bone, received by the like
iubitance arifing from the hoof, which it mutually receives.

Extenfor bf evis digitoriim pedis arifes tendinous from

the upper part of the anterior protuberance that Hands
forwards from the calcaneum, and foon becoming flelhy
is inferted flefhy and tendinous into the the tendon of the
loner extenfor digitorum pedis a little above that tendon's
beincr joined by the peroneus.

4 A ligament common to the extenfor longus digito-
rum pedis and tibialis anticus; it receives a little of the
infertion of the biceps cruris into it's fuperior edge
internally ; the part 4 is the ftrongeft part of it: it arifes
from the tibia clofe to the infertion of the flat tendon of
the biceps with which it is united : it's fibres run oblique-
ly downwards and outwards from the internal edge of the
tibia to the external.

5 A ligament proper to the extenfor longus digitorum
pedis protuberating under the membranous ligament.

6 A ligament common to the extenfor longus digitorum
pedis with the tendon of the peroneus: it arifes from tne

The eighth Anatomical Table of the Mufcles^ Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries Veins Glands

and Cartilages of a Horse, viewed in front, explained,

kl The eye-ball; k the pupil, / the iris.
mnn Mufculus ciliaris ; m it's origin.

0 The elevator of the eye-lid, fo thin and tranfparent
that the white part of the eye is feen through it, and the
tunica adnata, or conjunctiva, which lies under it, as
well as the tendon of the ftreight mufcles of the eye.

1 1 2 9 Nervus maxillaris fuperior, the fecond branch
of the fifth pair of nerves; 1 1 branches going to the up-
per lip j 2 a branch which goes to the infide of the nof-
tril towards the tip of the nofe; 9 a branch which goes
to the long nafal mufcle of the upper lip.

3 Branches of the nervus maxillaris inferior; they are
branches of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves;
and accompanied with an artery from the temporal ar-
tery which communicates with the arteria angularis \ the
nerve alfo communicates with the nervus maxillaris fupe-
rior.

4 Arteria angularis.

5 Vena angularis.

6 The falivary duel:.

7 The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.

8 The outer ear.

In the Neck.
ab Sterno-thyroideus ; a it's origin from the fternum
internally ; it's infertion is into the thyroid cartilage.
cd Caracohyoideus 3 c the flat membranous tendon

In the Head,
a /""' W"\ H E anterior dilator of the noftril; the fupe-
rior part is inferted into the fuperior edge of
the alx nafi, the middle part a into the car-
tilage, and the lower part into the anterior edge of the
noftril below the anterior lateral cartilage, and above the
pofterior and inferior lateral cartilage.

bcT> A mufcle which arifes by a fmall tendon along with
the long nafal mufcles of the upper lip, and from the
mufculus canini, or is attached to it by a membranous
tendon which runs over the nerves 1123: it is inferted
into the wing of the noftril, but chiefly into the concha
narium, or pituitary membrane which inclofes the concha
narium inferior ; b it's origin $ c the fleftiy part which goes
to be inferted into the concha narium ; at D thofe few
fibres are cut away which were inferted into the wing of
the nofe; it is inferted into the alx nafi flefhy all the
length of it's inferior edge.

dd Orbicularis oris.

e Canini, the elevators of the corners of the mouth.

f The maffeter.

ggh The temporal mufcle j gg it's origin; h it's infer-
tion into the coronary procefs of the under jaw bone.

/ Part of the membrana pituitaris. See table the
fixth x.

K The alx narium.

coming from it's origin from the upper and internal
iide of the humerus, betwixt the infertions of the fub-
lcapularis and teres major: it is inferted into the os
nyoides : d thz flefhy part: it is attached to the anterior
part of the trapezius, which prevents it's ftarting into a
right line when the neck is curved : it has an attachment
to the re&us anticus major, or an origin by a flat tendon
along with it's infertion from the os fphenoides.
^ /Scalenus 5 it arifes from the tranfverfe proceffes of
tne firth, fixth, and feventh vertebrx of the neck, and is
inierted into the firft rib.

gg The inferior part of the tranfverfalis cervicis: it
antes from the tranfverfe proceffes of eight of the fuperior

^Ve!f u °^f ^the ^back' ^and ^from ^the ^^afcia ^betwixt ^that
and the broad tendon of the complexus, &c. by flefhy

fibres: it is inferted into the tranfverfe proceffes of the
four inferior vertebrx of the neck partly flefhy, but chief-
ly by broad thin tendons, as gg.

h The fuperior part of the tranfverfalis cervicis, which
anies from the third, fourth, fifth, fixth, and feventh
oblique proceffes of the neck, and the two uppermoft of the
back, viz. beginning at the lower oblique procefs of the third
and at the uppermoft of the fourth, and fo of the reft. It
is inferted into the tranfverfe procefs of the firft vertebra.

/ Part of the trachelo-maftoidxus, complexus minor,
or maftoidxus lateralis, which arifes from the oblique pro-

cefles

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dinous, but chiefly fleihy, and run in a tranfverfe direc-
tion from one rib to another.

4 4, <&c. Parts of the internal intercoftals.

55667 Obliquus internus, or afcendens abdominis ;
5 5 it's origin from the fpine of the ilium, tendinous, and
lleihy : it's origin is continued to the ligamentum fallopii 5
it is alfo continued from the faid ligament and fymphifis
of the os pubis: 6 6 it's infertion into the cartilage of
the lowed rib partly tendinous: it is likewife inferted
into the cartilaginous endings of the ribs as far as the
cartilago enfiformis.

899 Some appearance of the tranfverfalis abdominis.

I o 1 o, Sea. Some branches of the nervi lumbares.

II A branch of the external branch of the outer iliac
artery, accompanied by 12.

12 A branch of the external branch of the outer iliac

which it fends to the tendinous fafcia, or Covering of the
cubit, and tendon of the extenfor carpi radialis.

0 Part of the brachialis internus : it arifes from the neck
of the humerus and internal lower part of the fcapula;
and is inferted into the radius a little below the infertion
of the coraco-radialis, but more internally.

pqrstuwxy Extenfor carpi radialis; p it's oriain from

a- -f tUe. third fourth, fifth, fifed* and feventhvertebra
«efle-s. 01 tne touM, rourii, , tranfverfe

of the neck the »W?^m°f_w�X�x of the back. It
proceffes of the fecQml andthird vertsbra.t ^

is inferted tendinous into the root or tne _P

toidsus.

i Arteria carotis.

7 Part of the jugular vein.

In the Trunk.
, Vilnius in fommo thorace fitus, arifes at aa
l^t Ifrr-d is inferred into the fternum about
n-oifl ate ^ ^r;⁰' ,, _f _the f_ourth rib; at b the edge

^ *�*�E *&*^of ^which ^thls ^mufcle

^fee^^^SrSnainorpofticus; >A* *abroad
^f f ^rich k a feT, cut off at // to (hew the glu-
tendon by^f^^ part, beginning at p »,
teus medius, gg*>D tne f,^_nferted into the ribs : it's
_the flat tendons by �f^*7n fome fobjects this
firft infertion is into tne Wrti>M

_mufcle runs flefliy under g^g _m _to _the _four.
and is inferted into the J8*S now

teenth. . ��<.;�,e arifinc from the fter-

VFG The ferratus minor antics aim. ₀

*, Av it s, in fome fubjects, mi^ricu ₅

riorribs, in others only into feven.

H Suora-fpinatus fcapuias.

! mfra-fpinatus fcapul* ^ _of ^

' _nop LongnTintus, dorfU * _rf ^ _t�ndinous _furface,

tendinous mnace ^ . _fome appearance;

ssSflftS* %? ^;r^the ^tra ^p

.permoft mfertion into n * ^ .^ _the _firft _nb .

vertebra of the neck j s
t that into the fecond. _&c The external inter-

_: _yy &c. mg** iJfi* ;_nte;_ior _part _over which

coftals_} yy, ox. * *, <*^c- abdomen runs without

.the external oblique mufcle of the a ^ ^ ^ ^
; adhereing | «* &c. i: i, &c tn P ^ _extenfive

ternal oblique mufcle adheres, v,n.ch is _fc

_as it's origin from the ribs ; ^^gj/rf the abdo-
above the adhefion of the oblique mu

; "^3, &c. Flefty fibres which arife partly externally, ten-

he fuperior external protuberating part of the humerus ;

q fome of the part which arifes flefhy from the fafcia which
is extended betwixt the two external protuberating parts
of the os humeri: it arifes above the part ^, and ligament
or fafcia from the external ridge of the external condyle
ali the way up as far as the brachialis internus does not
cover: but it's mofl confiderable origin is from the ante-
rior part of the external condyle of the humerus ; from
which place it continues it's origin into the great cavity on
the anterior and inferior part of that bone, from whence
it arifes by a very ftrong tendon, firmly adhering to the

don of the extenfor digitorum communis. � The ori-
gin of this mufcle is as extenfive as the originations of the
long fupinator, radialis longus and brevis in the human
body : it appears to be a combination of all the three;
it is aflifted by the biceps, the fafcia of which is like a
ftrong flat tendon inferted into this mufcle 5 rst the flelhy
part 5 u w x the tendon inferted into the metacarpal bone
at w; about x it adheres to the burfal ligament; y marks
the place where the fafcia, proper to the extending mufcles
on the cubit, is cut off from the fafcia of the biceps muf-
cle rif) which it joins, to be inferted, along with it, into
the tendon of this extenfor carpi radialis.

zz A ligamentous fafcia.

1 2234566 Extenfor digitorum communis; 1 the

fleihy belly which arifes from the external condyle of the

rus, the upper and lateral part of the radius and

:ia which covers the extending mufcles on the cubit:
but it's principal origin is by a ftrong flat tendon from the
anterior part of the external condyle of the humerus;
from which place it continues it's origin into the great cavity
on the anterior and inferior part of that bone called it's
anterior foffula above it's articulation with the radius; it
lies under the extenfor carpi radialis, to the tendon of
which it adheres for about three minutes from it's begin-
ning as well as to the burfal ligament which lies underwit:
2234566 the tendon 5 3 the part which is inferted
into the coffin bone ; 4 the infertion of a ilip of this ten-
don, along with the tendon of the extenfor minimi digiti,
into the great paftern, externally 5 5 the infertion of a flip
of this tendon into the great paftern internally ; 6 6 the
infertions of the ligaments into this tendon, which bind it
down to the great paftern.

Q^ 778 The

vein.

13 13, &c. Branches of the arterice intercoftales in-

feriores.

14 14, Sec. Branches of the arterise intercoftales fu-
periores.

15 15, &c. Branches of the arterioe lumbares.

In the Shoulders and upper Limbs.

A Nervus mufculo-cutaneus.

B Nervus medianus.

C Nervus cubitalis.

D Nervus radialis.

E Nervus axillaris.

F Vena axillaris.

abc Subfcapularis, which is outwardly tendinous; a
marks the place where the membranous tendon is cut off,
by which the fupra-fpinatus receives fome origin from the
furface of this mnfclc ; b marks a tendinous iiip feat, from
this mufcle which leaves it about r, and is inferted into
the. proceffus coracoides : it ferves to guard fome ner\ cs
which pafs under it.

de The internal part of the pe&oralis, coming at ^/from
it's origin from the aponeurofis of the external oblique
mufcle of the abdomen ; e it's infertion into the head of
the os humeri.

fgh Triceps brachii; f the head called extenfor lon-
aus, arifing from the inferior cofta of the fcapula \ g the
head called extenfor brevis, arifing from the humerus and
expanfion which covers the extending mufcles on the cu-
bit 5 h the part going to be inferted into the ancon.

tklmn Biceps brachii, or rather coraco-radialis 5 i it's
origin from the proceffus coracoides fcapulse ; k a flefhy
part lying upon the tendon ; /the external belly 5 m the
internal oelly j n the aponeurofis arifing from this mufcle

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length of the tibia, after which infertion fleiliy fibres
arife from this tendon and run obliquely downwards and
inwards: the internal furface of this mufcle, which is
externally tendinous and arifes from the tibia, fends off
fleihy fibres obliquely downwards and outwards, which
form a belly about twice as thick as thofe from the
external tendon, which they meet, and with it form
the tendon h, which is inferted into the fuperior and
anterior edge of the metatarfal bone, and into the offa
cuneiforma: the external tendinous furface of this muf-
cle, which arifes from the os femoris, divides about
the bottom of the tibia into two parts / and k₉ which
ferve as ligaments to keep the tendon h from ftarting
from the tibia when this joint is bent: the part i is in-
ferted into the leffer cuneiform bones of the tarfus, pos-
teriorly running over the internal articular ligament as far
back as the pofterior edge of the fplint bone ; and the
part k is inferted into the os cuboides : it divides for the
paffaae of fome veffels, and then unites again.

Imnnopqrstt Extenfor longus digitorum pedis ; /it's
origin from the os femoris along with the ftrong tendon
of the tibialis anticus, to which it is infeperably joined
near it's origin : it arifes alfo from the tibia : m it's flelhy
belly ; n n it's tendon, joined at 0 by the tendon of the
peroneus 5 with part of which it fends off a flip to be in-
ferted into the firft bone of the toe, or great paftern at p j
at q it is joined by the fafcise, which are here cut off, and
fends with them a flip which is inferted into the great
paftern at r; s the principal part of the tendon going to
be inferted into the coffin bone; 11 the infertions of the

ligaments into this tendon, which bind it down to the
great paftern.

uu Extenfor brevis digitorum pedis.

wxx Peroneus _h it arifes from the external articular li-
gament which runs from the external condyle of the fe-
moris down the fibula, and from the fafcia or tendinous
covering of the flexor digitorum pedis; w it's flefhy
belly ; xx it s tendon, which joins in at 0 with the tendon
of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis.

y 1 ibiahs pofticus, arifes from the external fide of the
pofterior part of the head of the tibia, and from the tetftJ
dinous/ur&ce-of the flexor digitorum pedis; the tendon
ot which mufcle it joins in with, after running through a
groove on the internal fide of the heel. *

p^T^^e ^ten^on of the gemellus.

^r The tendon of the plantaris.

1 Arteria tibialis anterior.

2- Vena faphsena.

3 Vena plantaris externa.

4 Vena plantaris interna.

pedis ^A ^hgament P^roP^er ^to ^the ^extenfor longus digitorum

⁶ 6 A burfal ligament.

7 8 Articular ligaments.

9 The interoffeus, &c. it is like a ftrong ligament
ani ng from fome of the tarfal bones, and the upper part

L^T^¹^⁸' ^and ^is ⁱⁿ^fted into the fefamoid
nones of the fetlock joint, and upper parts of the great
pattern on each fide, and fends off the ligaments 10 10 to
tne tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum

7 7 8 The mufcle which is analogous to the extenfors
of the thumb in the human body; 7 7 the flefhy part arif-
inc* from the lateral part and ridge of the radius; 8 the
tendon going to be inferted into the internal fplint: it is a
combination of the abductor pollicis manus, extenfor lon-
gus and brevis, pollicis manus, and indicator.

9 Flexor carpi radialis, arifes from the inner condyle of
the humerus and is inferted into the internal fplint bone.

1 o Flexor carpi ulnaris internus j that part of it which
arifes from the internal protuberance of the humerus.

12 Vena cephalica, it arifes from under the hoof (where
it is called vena plantaris) and falls into the jugularis.

13 13 The burfal ligament, belonging to the anterior
part of this joint.

14 14 The articular ligaments of the carpus.

15 15 The articular ligaments of the fetlock joint.

16 Vena plantaris.

In the lower Limbs.

abbbcd Gluteus medius; bbb it's origin from the
tendinous furface of the facro-lumbalis; c it's origin from
the ilium : near //it is inferted into the great trochanter of
the thigh bone.

e/G Vaftus externus j e it's principal flefhy part, in-
ferted at / into the patella; G the thin fleihy part, in-
ferted into the external lateral ligament of the patella.

ghik Tibialis anticus ; g it's origin from the fupenor,
and anterior part of the tibia; it arifes alfo by a very
ftrong tendon from the inferior part of the os femoris into
which the flelhy part, arifing from the tibia about g, is
inferted, having firft run down about one third of the

The ninth Anatomical Table of the Mufcle^ Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries Veins Glands

and Cartilages of a Horse, viewed in front, explained

it is inferted into the glandulous membrane of the infide of
the cheek and lips ; and at m into the orbicularis oris.

nop The globe, bulb, or ball of the eye; n the pupil;
0 the iris; p the white of the eye, or tunica fclerotica,
covered with the albuginea, or tendons of the ftreight
mufcles only.

q One of the lachrymal glands placed in the great can-
thus of the eye, called caruncula lachrymalis, and glan-
dula lachrymalis inferior.

r The femi-lunar fold, formed by the conjunctiva.

s Attollens5 it arifes from the bottom of the orbit
near the foramen opticum, from-the elongation of the

dura-mater by _a fhort narrow tendon, and is inferted into

^nica fclerotica forming the albuginea.

Ueprimens; it arifes and is inferted as the attollens,only
rnt attollens is on the fuperior, and the deprimens on the
interior part of the globe.

denrif^ddUCenS, \ *? ^haS ^k'^S ^S"¹ ^betwixt ^the attollens and
n!u;Tⁿr f^d !^s_f^mferted ^betw^t them lying on the inter-

nhl /^ ^gl°^be ^: ^k'^S ^tendon ^is J°ⁱⁿ^ by the attollens

aoove and deprimens below; and on the external fide of
ne globe, thofe two mufcles are joined in like manner
neroi e they reach the cornea, by the abducens; thefe
tour itreight mufcles altogether forming the tunica albu-

ginea

In the Head.

TH E anterior dilator of the noftril.

ef The fhort nafal mufcle of the upper lip.
gg The orbicular mufcle of the mouth.
hhhiik Caninus, or the elevator of the corner of the
mouth j h hh it's origin from the upper jaw bone \ i i it's
infertion into the buccinator j i k it's infertion into the
orbicularis oris.

llm Part of the buccinator; it arifes from three diffe-
rent places: the fuperior fibres arife from the alveoli of
the upper jaw 5 the middle fibres from the ligamentum
inter maxillaris, and the inferior ones from the lower jaw :

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fpines of the ten fuperior vertebrae of the back : and com-
municates with the fpinalis cervicis as well as the flefhy
fibres of the fpinalis dorfi, before it's infertion into the fu-
perior parts of the fpines, the fpinalis dorfi being inferted
below it.

bbccdefgh Longiffimus dorfi; it arifes at lr>b from the
pofterior (pine of the ilium, and at a by a ftrong apo-
neurofis from the three uppermoft fpinal proceiTes of the
os facrum, from all thofe of the loins and feven or eioht
of the back j this aponeurofis, or tendinous furface, is very
ftrong near the fpines as at </, but diminifhes in thicknefs
fo as to fhew the carnous fibres through at e: it arifes
alfo flefhy from the infide of the ligament which binds the
pofterior part of the ilium to the tranfverfe proceffes of
the os facrum, and from all the anterior fide of the ilium
which is behind the tranfverfe proceiTes of the os facrum,
and is inferted into the whole length of the inferior edges
of the tranfverfe proceffes of all the vertebrae of the loins,
into the inferior or lower convex edges of about feven of
the inferior ribs, betwixt their articulations and the facro-
lumbalis 5 the infertion into the loweft is about nine mi-
nutes broad, the infertions into thofe above, diminifh Gra-
dually in breadth 'till they come to the feventh or eighth,
where they end in a point: the facro-lumbalis in thofe
above lying clofe up to the tranfverfe proceffes of the
vertebrae of the back. It is inferted, by diftincl: tendons,
into all the tranfverfe proceiTes of all the vertebrae of the
back, and ligaments of the true ribs, and at^ into the
tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra of the neck ;
bbfh fhew the carnous origin of the gluteus medius
from the tendinous furface of this mufcle.

ikkilllllllj Sacro-lumbalis j i the part which in t
fuhjeel:, arifes from or along with the longiflimus dorfi;
it receives origins from the fuperior edges of all the ribs,
except two or three of the uppermoft, by flat tendons
about half the breadth of the mufcle, and is inferted, by
diftincl: flat tendons, into the lower convex edo-es of all
the ribs except two or three of the loweft, as at ///////,
and into the tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra of
the neck at L: each of thefe tendons run upon the fur-
face of the mufcle, going over about three ribs below it's
infertion.

nooppp Levatores coftorum; noo that which arifes
at n from the tranfverfe procefs of the feventh vertebra of
the.neck, being inferted into the firft rib at oo; it is
fometimes called one of the fcaleni: ppp thofe which arife
from the tranfverfe procefTes of the back, and the neigh-
bouring ligaments, each being inferted into the back part
of the outfide of the rib below it's origin.

qqrr, &zc. The external intercoftals; they arife at qq

from the inferior edge, and a little of the outfide of each
rib, the laft excepted, are a little tendinous, and, defend-
ing obliquely downwards, are inferted at r r into the up-
per edge and from a fmall portion of the outfide of each
rib, the firft excepted.

sstty&tt The internal intercoftals, they arife at ss
from the fuperior edge only of the bony part of each rib,
except the firft, not covering any of the outfide, and
from the edges of the cartilages of the ribs, and a confi-
derable part of the outfide of the cartilages : they are,
chiefly externally, tendinous, but partly flefhy, and amend-
ing obliquely upwards, and forwards, are inferted into the
lower edges of the bony parts of the ribs, and into the
edges and part of the outrides of their cartilages, the laft
excepted.

uuwzvxjy Tranfverfalis abdominis j the part uu
arifes from the infide of the ribs below the trian-
gularis of the fternum and diaphragm by flefhy di-
gitations j the part w w arifes tendinous from the tranf-
verfe procefTes of the three or four uppermoft vertebrae
of the loins, by an aponeurofis, or tendinons plain,
and flefhy from the internal labeum of the crifta of the ili-
um, and a great part of the ligamentum fallopii, or
tendinous margin of the internal obliquus of the abdo-
men, and is inferted into the enfiform cartilage, and linea
alba^ adhereing to the pofterior plate of the aponeurofis
of the internal oblique mufcle of the abdomen at it's firft
paffincr under the rectus. The lower part of the aponeu-
rofis of the tranfverfalis is feparated from the upper in a
tranfverfe direction, from the edge of the rectus to the
linea alba, about half way betwixt the navel and fynchon-
drofis of the pubis, the upper part going behind the rec-
tus, and the lower before it and the pyramidalis, if there is
any ; at #, from the fpine of the ilium, arifes an aponeu-
rofis common to this mufcle, with the lower pofterior fer-
ratus and internal obliquus, cut off at xi, where it
joins the ferratus, andj/j/ where it joins the internal obli-
quus.

z The elevating mufcle of the tail.

1 The lateral mufcle of the tail.

2 2 The inter-tranfverfal mufcles of the tail.

3 The deprefling mufcle of the tail.

The origins and infertions of the mufcles of the tail are
fhewn in the next table.

4 Branches of the nervi lumbares, coming out of the
fitcro lumbaris, which run under the gluteus medius to 00
to the integuments.

5 5, &c. Branches of the nervi coftales, lying upon the
tranfverfales, which go to the abdominal mufcles and inte-
guments.

R 6 Branches

ginea, are inferted into the tunica fclerotica near
edge of the cornea lucida.

w Obliquus inferior.

*_ys Nervi maxillares fupenores; they are branches
of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves; x branches
which go to the upper lip ; J a branch which goes to
the infide of the noftril towards the tip of the nofe; z a
branch which goes to the long nafal mufcle of the upper

lip. , .

i Arteria angulans.

i Vena angularis.

, The anterior cartilage of the outer ear,

4 The outer ear.

In the Neck.
ab Sterno-thyroideu^arifingat^fromthefupenorand

internal part of the fternum flelhy, it becomes tendinous

n about half it's afeent up the wind-pipe, from which

endon the fterno-hyoideus arifes; it foon becomes flelhy

Lin and is inferted into the thyroid cartilage.

^Trachea arteria, afperia arteria, or wind-pipe.

JefTb Longus colli; d the part which comes from « _s

inferbf origin, which is from the lateral parts of he bo-

di4 of the five uppermoft vertebra, of the back and the

■ ,?Jthe neck, and from the tranfverfe proceffes of

Z it fifth, fourth, and third vertebrae of the neck;

\ tfotJdat'jj into the anterior oblique proofs ct the

f 1 vertebra If the neek, and into the bodies of the

Sh fourth third, and fecond, laterally, near the tranf-

28b Socffe, and into the anterior eminence or tubercle

If the body of the firft vertebra of the neck.

Srfoter-tranfverfarii pofter.ores coll.; they ar.fe
c L JL roots of the oblique proceffes, and betwixt them
^fr7,� tranfverfe proceffes; afro from the poftenor part of
� tnfvet pieffes of the four inferior vertebrae of
u A and the uppermoft of the back: they are mfert-
Ko ail foe IfSfe proceffes of the neck, except the
firft and U though the obliquus capitis inferior feems to

^be* ^comin? fom twixt the fixth and feventh

1u 7ZS betwixt that and the firft of the

S andb^xHhe'firft and fecond of the back : they

form the brachial nerves.
n Arteria carotis.

o Part of the vena jugularis. -..-_f �;

p Part of the vena cephalica, where it falls into the

* °' ' In the 'Trunk.

a Semi-foinalis dorfi, arifes flelhy from the tendinous
furfaceS the longiflimus dorfi: it is infer, nto the

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	[ 34 ] of the carnous fibres of the longus major, which was at- tached to, or received fome origin from the flat tendon of this mufcle. pq Coraco brachialis; p it's origin from the procefius coracoides of the fcapula; q it's infertion into the hu- merus. rs Brachialis internus \ r the part which arifes from the neck of the humerus, and the internal lower part of the fcapula; and is inferted at s into the radius a little be- low the infertion of the coraco radialis and more internally. . / Flexor carpi radialis; it arifes from the inner condyle of the humerus, and is inferted into the internal fplint bone. * The firft head of the profundus or perforans. w Nervus mufculus cutaneus. x Nervus medianus. y Nervus cubitalis. zz Nervus radialis. 1 Nervus axillaris. 2 Arteria axillaris. 3 Vena axillaris. 4 Arteria brachialis, or the humeral artery. 5 Vena cephalica. 6 6, &c. Burfal ligaments. 7 7, &c. Articular ligaments. 8 8 Cartilages belonging to the coffin bone. In the lower Limbs. aab Iliacus internes; a a Part of it's origin which is continued from all, or moft of the infide of the os ilium, which lies before the tranfverfe proceffes of the loins and facrum, and has fome origin from that part of the fafcia lata which lies betwixt it and the glutei: it joins in with the pfoas magnus from it's origin, and is, with it, inferted into the little trochanter of the thigh bone $ they feem to be but one mufcle. ccdefghi Tibialis anticus ; or it's origin from the fu- perior and anterior part of the tibia; d the origin of it's ftrong tendon, deghi, from the inferior part of the femo- ris, to which, near it's origin, the tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis is infeperably attached ; about e the fuperior part of the fleihy fibres, which arife at cc, are inferted into the inner fide of this tendon, after which in- fertion, fleihy fibres run from the inner fide of this tendon obliquely downwards, and inwards, and are met by fleihy fibres arifing from the tendinous covering of the internal fide of this mufcle, which run obliquely downwards and
		outwards ; this fleihy part is about twice as thick as that from the outfide tendon, and with it forms the principal tendon/, by which it is inferred into the fuperior and an- terior edge of the metatarfal bone, and into the offa Cunei- forms: g the place where the external tehdbn divides* and is inferted, by the part h, into the lefs cuneiform bone of the tarfus, pofteriorly running over the internal articu- lar ligament a$ far back as the pofterior edge of the inter- nal fplint bone, and by the part / into the os cuboides j at / this part divides for the paflage of fome blood-veffels, and then unites again. kl Flexor digitorum pedis. i i Arteria tibialis anterior. 2, Vena tibialis anterior, in which appear fome valves : it is covered by a thin fleihy part of the tibialis from about i upwards. _m 3 The external anterior ligament of the patella, which binds that bone to the tibia. 4 The external lateral ligament, which binds the pa- tella to the external condyle of the os femoris. 5 The external articular ligament, which binds the os femoris to the fibula, and tibia : it runs alt the way down the fibula, and to the bottom of the tibia. 6 A burfal ligament, upon which lie mucilaginous glands. 7 The external articular ligament of the tarfus. 8 The internal articular ligament of the tarfus. 9 9 The articular ligaments of the fetlock joint. 6 i o The articular ligaments of the great paftern with the coronary bone. ¹1 11 The articular ligaments of the coronary bone with the coffin bone. ^I2-i2 12 12 The anterior part of the burfal ligament of the tarfus. ¹3 13 The anterior part of the burfal ligament of the fetlock joint. 4 * 4 The anterior part of the burfal ligament of the articulation of the great paftern with the coronary bone. 15 The anterior part of the burfal ligament of the ar- ticulation of the coronary bone with the coffin bone. .6 17 InterofTeus, &c. it is like a ftrong ligament arifing from fome of the tarfal bones, and the upper part of the metatarfal bones, and is inferted into the fefamoid bones, and upper part of the great pafterns; on each fide at 17 17 are cut ofF fmall ligaments, which were inferted into the tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis. 8 18 Cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.
6 Branches of the nervi lumbares which go to the ab' dominal mufcles and integuments. 7 Small arteries coming out of the facro-lumbalis to go to the gluteus medius. 8 8 Arteries from the intefcoftales inferiores. o 9, Sec. Branches of the arterise intercoftales fuperiores. i o The external Branch of the outer iliac artery in two ramifications, accompanied by 11. 11 The external branch of the outer iliac vein, in two ramifications. In the Shoulders and upper Limbs, abede Sub-fcapularis; it arifes from all that fpace of the inner or concave fide of the fcapula, betwixt the infer- tion of the ferratus major anticus and near it's neck, and from this fituation it has it's name: it is thick and made up of feveral penniform portions: a the part above the fuperior cofta of the fcapula, where there is yet remaining a part of the flat tendon by which the fupra-fpinatus re- ceives fome origin from the tendinous furface of this muf- cle; b the part below the inferior cofta of the fcapula, which is externally tendinous; c marks a tendinous flip fent from this mufcle, which leaves it about d, and is in- ferted into the procefFus coracoides: it ferves to guard fome nerves which pafs under it: this mufcle is inferted at e into the head of the os humeri, which infertion is con- tinued down to the infertion of the teres major. fgh Teres major \ f it's origin from the inferior cofta of the fcapula; g the part which is externally tendinous, going to be inferted into the humerus. ikllmno Longus minor; iklln it's broad tendon by which it begins, at / from the inferior angle of the fca- pula, and at ik from the tendinous furface of the teres major j // the beginning of it's fleihy fibres, which be- come tendinous again at m, and are inferted into the in- fide of the ancon; at n may be feen, through the flat ten- don of this mufcle, the tendons of the membrana carnofa and latifTimus dorfi, going to their infertions into the hu- merus, along with the teres major, to the tendon of which mufcle they are infeparably joined \ but before their infertion their fibres interfeel: each other in this man- ner, \\%. the tendinous fibres from that part of the latiffi- mus dorfi which lies over the inferior angle of the fcapula, are inferted along with the inferior angle of the tendon of the teres major, running over the fibres of the inferior angle and thofe of the membrana carnofa, which are inferted along with the fuperior angle of that tendon j at o are left fome



			The

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[

The tenth Anatomical Ta b l e of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands,

and Cartilages of a Horse, viewed in front, explained

procefTes, and form the fpace between the oblique pro-
cefTes of the uppermofl vertebrae of the back : they are in-
ferted into the lateral part of the body of the vertebra
above it's origin.

cc, &c. dd₉ &c. The multifidus of the fpine ; c c the
origins from the upper part of the tranfverfe procefTes of
the vertebras of the back, and from the oblique afcending
procefTes of the loins, and facrum ; d' d, &c. the inferti-
ons into the fpinal procefTes of the facrum, loins, aad back.

e -The elevatino- mufcle of the tail, beginning it's ori-
gin from the inferior or pofterior edge of the third fpinal
procefs of the os facrum, which origin is continued from
near the end of the fpine, about half way towards it's
root: it's origin is continued flelhy from the fides and
ed^es, and interfpinal ligaments of the fpines of the fa-
crum, below that from the whole length of the lad of
them, and is inferted into the firft and fecond oblique
procefTes of the os coccygis by two tendons; it then be-
gins to arife from the fpinal procefTes of the coccyx, and
after paffing over one, or two, is inferted into the next,
or next but one below that: This feems to be a continua-
tion of the multifidus of the fpine.

fgh The lateral mufcles of the tail or coccyx : f^ the
tendon by which it arifes, at/, from this fpine of the
loweft vertebra but one of the loins; h the flelhy part-:
it is inferted tendinous into the oblique procefs of the coc-
cyx or tail, and into two or three below that, and then
joins in with the elevating mufcle of the tail.

i The inter-tranfverfe mufcles of the tail, arifmo from the
tranfverfe procefs of one vertebra of the coccyx or tail,
and inferted into that of the next, and fo on through the
whole length of the tail.

There are mufcles which arife from the upper, or pof-
terior part of the tranfverfe procefTes, and are inferted in-
to the oblique procefTes of the next but one or two below
them; they are like the inter-tranverfales pofteriores of
the neck.

/- The deprefling mufcle of the tail, which begins it's
origin from under the tranfverie procefs of the third
vertebra of the facrum, and continues it from the
whole length of the tranfverfe procefTes of the facrum be-
low that, and from the inter-tranfverfe ligaments, and fo
on down the tail almofr. to the laft, and is inferted into
the bodies of the bones of the tail.

//, Sec. The elevators of the ribs.

m Arteria cervicalis.

n The vertebral vein and artery of the neck.

0 Arteria carotis communis.

p The trunk of the eighth pair of nerves.
q Part of the jugular vein.
r Arteria mammaris interna.

In the Shoulders and upper Limbs.
t 2 344 Sub-fcapularis; it arifes from all that fpace
of the. inner or concave fide of the fcapula, between the
infertion of the fetratus major anticus, and near it's neck :
from this fituation it has it's name, it is thick and flefhy,
made up of fevefal penniform portions; i the part above
the fuperior cofta of the fcapula, which is externally ten-
dinous ; 2 marks a tendinous flip fent from this mufcle,
which leaves it about 3, and is inferted into theprocefTus
coracoides; fome nerves and blood-vefTels pafs under it ;
this mufcle. is inferted, at 44, into the head of the osjhu-
meri.

5 Nervus mufculo-cutaneus.

6 Nervus medianus.

7 Nervus cubitalis,

8 Nervus radialis,

9 Nervus axillaris.

1 o Arteria axillaris.
11 Vena axillaris.

1 2 Arteria brachiahs, or the humeral artery.

13 Vena cephalica.

14 Vena plantaris.

16 16 Ligaments which bind together the bones of the
carpus.

17 1 7, &c. Articular ligaments. -

18 18 Cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.

In the lower Limbs.
aa Iliacus internus; a a part of it's origin which is
continued from all, or moft of the infide of, the os ilium,
which lies before the tranfverfe procefTes of the loins and
facrum, and has fome origin from the pofterior part of the
anterior fpine of the ilium, and that part of the fafcia lata
which lies betwixt it and the glutei: it joins in with the
pfoas magnus from it's origin, and is, with it, inferted into
the little trochanter of the thigh bone.

S b Interofleus,

In the Head.
HE alandulous membrane of the infide of the
lips; a glandule labiales; b glandule buc-

_c m contha narium inferior, covered by the pituitary

^/rThe four reai mufcles, or mufculi reftiof^ the
^jgc u \7i, railed anollens, e depnmens, /addu-
eye; of which d >s called at* _f^_s J_fe _from _the bot-
cens and ff abducens : tneie muicic. _P|_onCTa

cens, ana . foramen opticum, in tne elonga-

tom of the orbit near tne 10 r _dons _ln _th_e

tion of the dura-mater by footer_v .^

fame order as they are inferted into _at _tendons,

near and at the edge of the cornea lucida ne
before they reach the: cornea< luc da, join
tunica albuginea, or white of the eye.

h Obliquus inferior. _r��_nr_nr;_us arifes from the

i Mufculus fepttausoccuh fufp nf« ^_

^mTi^m f tSTS? ��■) t* Purpart
:SjSiSf bel^the terminations of the mufcul,

re�ti.

^ Arteria angulans.

/ Vena angularis. _caltilaae of the nofe :

_m The m,ddle port.on of the carmaj,

* ^is ^a r^S^Se^Jmfdd._e lamina of the
fymphyfis to d» «f235 edge of the vomer, and to

S^^tf 5^SU of ,hich it forms the

principal part. continuation of the part ft,

t\ ^T,^hCu^Pa Aer fim the lateral cartilage of the
which, both together tor� _iddle _cartlla

nofe: they are continuations ot ^ ^

^ Nervi maxillares *$�*fc _b^y_ranches _which

_of 7he third branch of the fiftn pa*/>

| rhe^ridf tLT oftoVofe, , a branch
lh .oe to the long nafal mufcle ol the upper hp.
7 The anterior cartilage of the outer ear.
t The outer ear.

/// the Neck and Trunk,
ab Inter-vertebrales; they arife from the afcend.ng

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[ 5'6 j

'c e Vena plantaris externa and vena plantaris interna.
f A ligament which runs from tne aitra^alus to th<
tnetatarlal bone.

Jg, Sec. Articular ligaments.

h The outer femi-lunar cartilage in the joint of the knee.

it Cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.

h Interoffeus, &c.

c Vena tibialis anterior.

d Vena faphena.

of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands,
of a Horse, viewed pofteriorly, explained.

The eleventh Anatomical Table

and Cartilages

p The inferior maxillary glands.

q Vena angularis, a branch of the external jugular

vein.

In the Necky Shoulders, and Trunk,
abc Levator humeri proprius; a the portion which
arifes, under the part b, from the tranfverfe proceffes
of the four uppermoft vertebras of the neck; b the
part which arifes from the proceffus maftoideus, ten-
dinous, and by a tendinous membrane from the pole bone
or ridge of the occiput: thefe two heads unite before they
pafs over the head of the humerus, and are inferted into
that bone along with the tranfverfe or fuperior part of the
pecloralis, between the biceps and brachiaeus internus:
the firft part hath the fame"" origin as the angularis,
called levator fcapuke proprius in the human body ; the
fecond has it's origin much like the anterior and fuperior
part of the trapezius, which, in the human body is infert-
ed into the clavicle, but the clavicle being wanting in a
horfe it is inferted into the humerus, and the angularis
into it.

def The fuperior part of the trapezius, under which,
at </, the fplenius protuberates; at e the. ferratus major
anticus ; at f the rhomboides.�To this mufcle the part,
as above, called levator humeri, which arifes from the
bones of the head, belongs.

nal part of the peftoralis, or fleihy membrane; and
that part of the pedoralis, marked ffgg in table the

,.^ent\ ^may ^be ^called ^the external part of the pe&o~
rahs; the part marked ddee the middle; and the part
marked h the internal part: the internal part is inferted
at the top of the humerus, the middle part as low as the
bottom, and into the fafcia of the coraco-radialis ; and
tne external part runs, with part of this flefhy membrane,
down the fore limb.
r The tail.

In the upper Extremities, or anterior Limbs,

h ^ah^^d^^eh^hiklmn ^The membranous continuation of
ne flefhy pannicle down the upper limbs, with the muf-
cies, &_c. protuberating under it; a extenfor carpi radia-
ns h b extenfor digitorum communis; cdD flexor carpi
Brians; c the external head, from the external protu-
erance of the os humeri pofteriorly; d the internal
ead, anting from the internal protuberance of the os hu-
�fn; D the tendon; e the third defcribed head, in
raoie the third, of the profundus; g The middle part
r the pe&oralis, which fends a membranous expan-
*on down this limb along with the expanfion of the
membrana carnofa; / _a f_ort _of _f _u _fatt _fub.

-nee probably a production of the membrana ade-
PPfe, l_ying over the protuberating part of this joint to
Feierve the bending tendons from bruifes when this part
touches the ground, &c.

The internal and external vena plantaris; k I the
external branch from the bafilica.

wn The tendons of the fublimis and profundus.

th °^ _/^¹§^amentous ^fibres ^which come from the infide of
ne radius, and are inferted into the external metacarpal
one; they protuberate at 0 and join in with the carnous

membrane about p.

qr The horny part of the hoof; q the fuperior part;
r the iole or inferior part lying under the coffin bone.

In the Head.
A r ~~■ "A~~ H E outer ear.

ab Mufcles running from the anterior car-
tilage to the external ear.
i 2 Retrahens ; the pofterior part i arifes under the
part 2, and is inferted into the ear near the inferior muf-
cle of the outer ear, or the depreffor; the part 2 arifes
from the ligamentum colli and occiput, and is inferted in-
to the convex part of the outer ear.

c The fuperior lateral mufcle of the outer ear, which
arifes under the lateral mufcle of the anterior cartilage,
and is inferted into the inferior angles of the openings of
the ears anteriorly.

d The lateral mufcle of the anterior cartilage of the
outer ear, which arifes from above the orbit of the eye,
and is inferted into the anterior cartilage.

3 The inferior lateral mufcle or depreffor of the outer
ear : it arifes from the quadratus colli, and is inferted clofe
by the lower angle of the opening of the ear pofteriorly.

e The orbicular mufcle of the eye-lids, which arifes
from the ligament by which the conjunction of the eye-
lids, in the great canthus, is tied to the nafal part of the
os unguis.

4456 Part of the latiffimus colli, inferted about 5
into the lower jaw; at 6 the parotid gland protuberates
under the latiffimus colli.

/ The globe, or ball of the eye.
gh Depreffors of the lower lip, chiefly covered by the
quadratus colli.

Hi The orbicular mufcle of the mouth.
k The elevators of the chin, where they are inferted
into the fkin, the fibres of v/hich are intermixed with the
fat of the chin.

/ Caninus, or the elevator of the corner of the mouth.
m Zygomaticus ; it's origin is from the orbicularis of
the eye; and it's infertion into the orbicularis of the
mouth.

n The lateral dilators of the noftril and upper lip.
0 The digaftrick mufcle of the lower jaw; the quadra-
tus colli covers this part, and immediately under it the
mylohyeideus lies.

g The mane.

hikllmmnnopq Membrana carnofa ; h the inferior part
of the trapezius lying under the membranous part of this
flefhy pannicle; / the fuperior fleihy part; k a membra-
nous part; IIm the pofterior fleihy part, which begins
at //; nnoq the pofterior membranous part lies over the
obliquus defcendens, linea alba abdominis and part of the
ferratus major pofticus ; p a large vein, which is fpread in
the fleihy part of this pannicle. It is attached to the up-
per edge of the fuperior part of the pecloralis^ and the
lower edge of the inferior part; fo that they, together,
furround the whole limb from the top of the moulder to
the bottom of the fore feet: it's lower part goes with the
lower part of the pe&oralis to be inferted into the hume-
rus, and it's upper part with the upper part of the peclo-
ralis down the fore limb : it may be called the molf exter-

In the lower or pofterior Limbs.
^A^bcdefghiklmnopqrsti(wwxyz&Thzmtmbxmo\xs

continuation

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C 37 ]

part; / the pofterior part; I the femi-tendinofus: K the
patella 5 / the extenfor longus digitorum pedis: m pero-
neus 5 ^flexor digitorum pedis ; 0 gemellus 5 p tendons
formed by thefe fafciae and expanfions to join in with the
extenfors of the tarfus : about p and q there are feen
branches of veins which terminate the faphaena minor
in cutaneous ramifications ; q nerves expanded upon thefe
fefciae, or fent off to the external parts (as the adipofe
membrane and cutis) 5 they are branches of the fciatic
nerve; r a fort of tendon formed by thefe fafcix>, which
may probably affift the extenfor digitorum when the tarfus
is extended ; t the tendons of the flexors; u the interof

Continuation of the flefhy pannicle down the inferior, lower,
or nofterior limbs, with the mufculus fafcise latsej the
fafciae latse, and other expanfions of the mufcles, with
the mufcles, Sec. protuberating under them : A the large
adductor of the thigh ; B gracilis; a the gluteus medius
lying under the carnous membrane, and continuation of
the tendon of the latiflimus dprfi; b the origin of the
mufculus fafcise latse from the fpine of the ilium; c the
anterior fleihy part; d the pofterior fleihy part; e the
tendinous furface into which the carnous fibres of the
fleihy bellies c and d are inferted internally: / the glu-
teus externus protuberating a little; ghi the biceps cru-
ris, or biceps tibia; g the anterior part j h the middle

ti^tft?:^* ^mt^the ^ ^M

th_Pf^h� � J ■ , ^tlblahs Pofterior, from which

x a teⁿn^ae'^S ⁿr,^edV ,^they ^3re ^CaUed ** P¹"*
* a Jarge nerve, called the external plantaris � v nervus
plantans mternus � it ■? A.t c e- r^a,uaui> J nervus
to the tenT� ' 1 1 ^fe ^fafc,1K ^have ^an attachment

S> a fo«7f ^l�^mT ^aS ^they P^aft-°ver them;
f_nn. f 1 ^Pu^ngY ^fa"y ^fubftance, probably a produc
toon of the membrana adipofa, lying ofer the Lfi:
ng part of th,s joint to preferve the bending tendons from
bruifes, when it touches the ground, &c. °

1 2 The horny part of the hoof; i the fuperior part:
² ^the ^foIe ^or "^lfer'^or P^t lying under the Coffin bon!

The twelfth Anatomical Table of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins Glands

and Cartilages of a Horse, viewed pofteriorly explained

the infertions of the fub-fcapularis and teres major by a
flat membranous tendon : it begins to be flefhy at a as it
comes from under the ferratus minor amicus; _c it's in.
fertion into the os hyoides : it has a ftrong attachment to
the anterior part of the levator humeri or trapezius, near
the whole length of it's flefhy part, and the upper part
marked dm table the third is attached to the reftus anticus
longus or mternus major capitis, or it arifes from the os
fphenoides, by a flat tendon, clofe to the infertion of that
mulcle.

e Sterno-hyoideus; it arifes from the middle tendon of
the lterno-thyroideus, and goes to be inferted into the os
hyoides along with the coraco-hyoideus.

fg Sterno-maftoideus, or fterno-maxillaris � it arifes
from the top of the fternum, and is inferted, tendinous
into the lower jaw bone 5 at/it's tendon protuberates un-
der the parotid gland 5 it is alfo inferted, by a continua-
tion or the fame flat tendon, into the root of the proceffus
maftoideus. *

hh Rectus internus major capitis.

// Inter-tranfverfales minores colli 5 they run from the
tranfverfe procefs of one vertebra to the tranfverfe procefs
of the next to it. ^

k The tendon of the trachelo-maftoideus.

Imnop Splenius; / the part coming from the origin
of this mufcle, which is from the expanfion, common to
it and the ferratus minor pofticus, &c. it arifes tendi-
nous from the ligamentum colli, under the rhomboides
and flefhy about the fuperior part of the neck ; at m it is
attached to the tendon of the trachelo-maftoideus, at n to
the tranfverfahs: it is likewife inferted into the fifth

In the Head. ^^^^^^^^^
HE lateral dilator of the noftril.
bb Mufculi canini.

----- edde The orbicular mufcle of the mouth.

fab The depreffor of the lower lip; it anfes along
with the buccinator, and is almoft divided into two muf-
cles, one fuperior the other inferior, for the paflage of
nerves and blood-veffels to the lower lip; / the fuperior
part which arifes tendinous, and is inferted fleihy into
the lower lip laterally -, g h the inferior part, which arifes
flefhy and is inferted tendinous into the lower lip near
the middle; g the flefhy belly 5 h the tendon.
/ Buccinator.
k The maffeter.

/ Mylohyoideus; it arifes from the lower jaw near
the fockets of the dentes molares, and fomething more
anteriorly, and is inferted into the os hyoides.
mm The parotid gland.
n The inferior maxillary gland.

0 Branches of the nervus maxillans inferior: they are
branches of the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves :
and accompanied with an artery from the temporal
artery, which communicates with the artena angulans.
p Arteria angularis.
q Vena angularis.
r The falivary duel:.
st Vena temporalis.
u The outer ear.

In the Neck,
abed Coraco-hyoideus coming, at a> from it's origin
at the upper and internal fide of the humerus, betwixt

fourth and third tranfverfe process of the vertebra, of
the neck by flat ftrong tendons, which run on the inter-
nal lide of the mufcle : p the part which goes to be infert-
ed into the occiput.

qqrs Rhomboides; _qq it's origin fr_om the ligamen-
tum coll,; qr it s origm from the fuperior fpmes of the
vertebra: of the back j s the part going to be inferted in-

to the icapula.

/ Ligamentum colli.

umxyz Serratus major amicus 5 *Wxj k>₈ origination
from the third, ourth, fifth, and fixth tranfverfe J!
ceffes of the vertebrae of the neck; _z that part which is
inferted into the external part of the fcapula.

1 Vena jugularis communis.

2 Vena jugularis externa anterior.

3 Vena jugularis externa pofterior, or fuperior.

4 Arteries coming out of the fplenius to go to the tra-
pezius and integuments.

5 Arteries accompanied with branches of the cervical
nerves, which go to the levator humeri proprius and in-

teguments.

In the Shoulder and Trunk.
abed Infra-fpinatus fcapulse; b it's origin from the
dorfum fcapulas, and the cartilage on the border of that
bone; c it's ftrong tendon, by which it is inferted into
the protuberating part of the humerus, under the tendi-
nous expanfion which goes from the teres minor to the
lefTer anterior faw mufcle j d a part of the carnous infer-
tion of this mufcle below that protuberating part of the
os humeri.

T ^effgh Teres

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[ 38 ]

In ihe upper Limbs,
a a The extenfor digitorum communis, protuberating
under the fafcia which covers the extending mufcles on

uxy A ligament which binds down the tendons of the
fublimis and profundus running from the orbicular bone
of the carpus to the articular ligament, &c. to the up-
per part of which the expanfion of the bending mufcles
on the cubit makes a conflderable addition : the part u X
runs from the orbicular bone to the internal falfe meta-
carpal bone, and ferves' as a ftay to it when the flexor
carpi ulnaris is in action.

z A ligament which helps to bind down the tendon of
the fublimis and profundus : it is fixed to the fphnt bones
on each fide: it is a continuation of the expanfion which
covers the bending mufcles on the cubit.

1 A ligament inferted into the fefamoid bones, running
over the tendons of the fublimis and profundus, which
ferves to prevent the tendons from ftarting from thofe
bones when the joint is bent.

2 A ligament arifmg from the upper part of the great
paftern on each fide the tendons of the fublimis and pro-
fundus : it is attached to the tendon of the fublimis about
2_y and ferves, as well as the ligament 1, to confine the
bending tendons to the bone when the joint is bent.

3 A ligament which binds the tendon of the profundus
to the coronary bone when it is in a�fcion.

4 4 5 5 The interoffeus: it is like a ftrong ligament
arifing from the bones of the carpus and upper part of the
metacarpal bones : it is inferted into the fefamoid bones,
and great paftern on each fide, and fends off the ligaments
5 5. to the tendon of the extenfor digitorum communis,
which it keeps from ftarting when the joint is in motion.

6 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mum*
room.

eff^h Teres minor; at ff it fends off a fafcia, which
conne&s it to the ferratus minor anticus ; from f to h it

is inferted into the humerus, and at g into the fafcia which
runs over the extending mufcles on the cubit.

ik Latiffimus dorfi; i the part which lies upon the
ribs ; k the part which runs over the inferior angle of the

fcapula.

IK Triceps brachii; I the part called extenfor longus ;

K extenfor brevis.

L Part of the pe�toralis, which fends an expanfion

down the infide of the cubit.

llmmnnopp Obliquus externus abdominis; 11 mm the
part which arifes from the ribs, and intercoftals ; mmnn
the fleftvy part which runs over the ribs and intercoftals;
o the flelhy part lying over the abdomen ; pp the ftrong
broad aponeurofis of this mufcle.

'* q The elevating mufcle of the tail, beginning it's ori-
gin from the inferior or pofterior edge of the third Ipinal
procefs of the os facrum, which origin is continued from
near the end of the fpine about half way towards it's root,
being flelhy from the fides, and edges, and internal liga-
ments of the fpines of the facrum, and below that
from the whole length of the laft of them. It is in-
ferted into the fir ft and fecond oblique proceffes of the
os coccygis by two tendons ; it then begins to arife from
the fpinal proceffes of the coccygis and after palling over
one or two tendons, is inferted into the next or next but
one below that, and fo on to the end of the tail.

r The lateral mufcle of the tail, or os coccygis ; it
arifes tendinous from the fpine of the laft vertebra but one
of the loins, which tendon is marked eee in table the fifth,
and the fleftry part/; it is inferted tendinous into the ob-
� lique procefs of the third vertebra of the tail, and alfo
into two, or three, below that, and then joins in with
the elevating mufcle of the tail

s The inter-tranfverfe mufcles of the tail, arifmg from
the tranfverfe procefs of one bone of the tail, and. inferted
into that of the next, and fo on through the whole length
of the tail. � There are mufcles which arife from the up-
per, or pofterior part of the tranfverfe proceffes, and are
inferted into the oblique procefles of the next but one o

two below.

t The depreffing mufcle of the tail, beginning it's origin
from under the tranfverfe procefs of the third vertebra othe facrum, and continuing it from the whole length of thtranfverfe proceffes of the os facrum below that, and from
the inter-tranfverfe ligaments, and fo on down the tail:is inferted into the bodies of the bones of the tail.

uu Sphincter externus ani.

the cubit.

AECDGbcddeffg An expanfion which arifes
from the articular ligament A, and from the olecra-
non C : it receives an addition from the longus minor,
and internal protuberance of the humerus and expanfion
of the biceps mufcle, or coraco-radiahs, then defcends
over the bending mufcles of the cubit down to the liga-
ments on the carpus, to which it is attached as well as to
the bones of the cubit on each fide of the bounds or the
bendina mufcles: // it's attachment to the continuation
of the ulna, or ligament from the ulna, which runs down
towards the carpus, or to the radius near them 5 it has a
ftroncr attachment to the os pififorme, or orbiculare betwixt
</andV and another betwixt the tendons of the flexor car-
pi~ ulnaris & V betwixt/ and / it appears like a number
of fmall tendons; there lies protuberating under it at
D the tendon of the mufcle, which is analogous to the
extenfor minimi digiti in the human body : at Bbedde
the flexor carpi ulnaris ; B b the external head arifmg by
the tendon B from the external protuberance of the os
humeri pofteriorly ; e the internal head arifmg from the
internal protuberance of the os humeri; G dde the ten-
don which divides into two a little below G, and is infert-
ed by the part dd, into the fplint bone; and by the
part e into the os pififorme or orbiculare; g the third de-
scribed head in table the third of the profundus, of which

hh is the tendon. ,.*�'■ 1 u

E The tendon of a mufcle which is analogous to the

extenfor of the thumb in the human body.

hh The tendon of the profundus.

ikk The tendon of the fublimis going to be inferted, near
kk (where it divides for the paffage of the profundus,) into
the areat pattern,- or bone of the firft order of the finger.

if Nervus plantaris externus and nervus plantaris m-

ternus. , .

L Vena cephalica ; it falls into the jugular vein.

mm Vena plantaris externa and vena plantaris interna.

op The external articular ligament.

qr The internal articular ligament.

st A lio-ament which runs from the os orbiculare to the
radius, and external articular ligament over the,tendon dd
of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

uw A ligament running from the orbicular bone of the
carpus to the Me metacarpal bone: it ferves as a ftay to
that bone when the flexor carpi ulnaris is in a&ion : there
is a large vein protuberating under it which is a branch of
the vena cephalica.

In the lower Limbs,
aaabed Gluteus externus: b a flefhy origin from a
ligament which runs betwixt the fpinal, and tranfverfe
proceffes of the os facrum; b d the place where the fafcia
lata is cut off from the production, which it fends under
this mufcle, or from it's attachment to the tendinous fur-
face of the internal part of this mufcle arifing from the li-
gament which runs betwixt the os facrum and ifchiurn,
and receives firft the infertion of thofe fleftvy fibres which
arife betwixt it and the ends of the fpinal proceffes of the
os facrum from the fame ligament, and then the fibres
aaa^ which arife from the fafcia lata, and defcend ob-
liquely inwards and downwards to be inferted into it: c tn
place where this mufcle ceafes to arife from the fafcia lata?
and goes to be inferted into the lateral protuberance P
the thigh bone: it fends off a fafcia over the pofterK*
part of the thighbone, which runs in a tranfverfe dir^

tion, and into which the pyramidalis is inferted, or joine

w Acceleratores penis.

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		[ 59


in with before it's infertion into the fuperior and pofte- rior part of this protuberance. .///ir Gluteus medius; * the part when arifes .rem the tendinous furface of the facro-lumbahs, and does not adhere to the fafcia lata; /// the part which receives flelhy fibres from the fafcia lata j g it's origin from he ilium: it goes under the gluteus externus to be inferted into the oreat trochanter. / L?//""/> Mufculus fafcia lata; h >t s origin from the ilium ; / it's anterior flelhy belly; L the pofte- r or flelhy belly, over which the fafcia lata fends a ftrong membrane, as well as under; fo that it is received or Gained in a duplicate of the fafca lata; the fibres Tlllm* arifing from the fuperior or external fafca and icenlgtobe inferted into the inferior; the part h,k arife from the fpine of the os .hum internally tendinous: flefty fibres arifing from that flat internal tendon and defcendina to be inferted ch.efly into the inf.de of the fafcia Woo the flelhy part in the fuperior angle; /be- Wthickeft it gradual^ diminilhes till it is loft u, the Im! % the da?k colour of the flelhy fibres make fome abearance through the fafcia in 3^, >ough . is _ve?_y thick, but not ^ fo muchjgj^&V\\ caufe the covering^of that « only { ^ common n^ern^^ed - , ^ rddSgueus externus, to be feted into the anterior SL of le os ilium; / marks the place where the pro- Son of the fafcia lata, which .s fent over this mufcle .scut off; and ///the place where it joms to the broad endon of this mufcle, in which place it is cut off; nn MrS the place where the fafca lata ceafe to adhere to Setrbad tendon of this mufcle, ,n order to pals down W helegand foot; at f the tendmous fiarface of the Ifus crkrl makes it's appearance through the tendon of ^r, L_P .. This mufcle is inferted by a ftrong tepdon this mulcle. � i n» im<j« / . � � _f into the upoer and anterior part of me t.b.a, ad ere.ng _to he tendonof the anterior, and middle part of the biceps l^efclt aS the way from the patella to ,t's infertion ,nto -OP? The large adductor of the thigh; P P the place where the fafcia lata is cut off, which confines this part of the mufcle in it's place. l^;;;;--., _fi; arrsstuwxyz i 2 3 445 6 7 & 9 ^I0 � ]^z ^l/ �F cruris � qrr* mark the fuperior, or anter.or head where it arif o/carnous fibres, from the fafcia lata: itspnncipa _orfi_B I from the ligaments which run from the fp.na p oleffe to the tranfverfe proceffes of the os facrum, and p.occ.ies w _bercl^ ₀f _the ifchium : sstuw mark from thence to the tuDeruc 01 ,_s the inferior or poftenor head, where it arifes by carnous
	fibres from the fafcia lata : it's principal origin is from the tubercle of the ifchium, beginning at the extremity of that tubercle from the inferior angle, and continuing it's origin, by a flat itrong tendon, about fix minutes along the inferior edge of that bone; this tendon is con- tinued down from the tubercle towards su betwixt t and to, from which, a little above /, the flelhy fibres s s t z r 44 begin to arife ; but the fleihy part uwxz+c begins it's origin from the tubercle, and continues it down the faid tendon ; r r y the fleihy part of the anterior head where it does not arife from the fafcia lata; z the tendon by which it is inferted into the patella, and fuperior and anterior part of the tibia; the part nry lies under a faf- cia fent from the anterior part of the pofterior head to the tendon of the mufculus fafcia lata ; #12445 ^trie fleihy part of the pofterior head, where it does not arife from the fafcia lata; 7344568910111213 the tendon of the pofterior head, which joins the tendon of the ante- rior head near the patella, and is likewife inferted into* the anterior part of the tibia all the way down to the liga- ment common to the extenfor longus digitorum pedis, and tibialis anticus, and into part of the upper edge of that ligament; 5 6 is the ftrongeft part of this tendon; it joins vyith a production of the fafcia lata, and is inferted into the os calcis; there lie protuberating under this ten- don, at 9, the extenfor longus digitorum pedis, at 10 the peroneus, at 11 the flexor digitorum pedis, at 12 the foleus, and at 13 the gemellus. ^x4 ^x5 *5 ^l6 17 Semi-tendinofus; 14 ifs origin from the ligament running from the fpinal to the tranfverfe pro- ceffes of the os facrum, and from thence to the ifchium � r4 15 15 mark the part where it receives carnous fibres from the fafcia lata; 15 15 16 the fleihy part where it does not arife from the fafcia lata ; 1 7 the tendinous pro- duction which wraps over the gemellus to join in with the fafcia lata, and tendon of the biceps cruris : it fends off an ex pan (ion which is attached to the tendinous ligament which lies over the gemellus, and covers fome blood-veffels and nerves which pafs over the gemellus and run down the lea, and are marked 14 in table the fecond at the heel: it is alfo inferted by a flat tendon, or expanfion, into the plantaris near the bottom of^the fleihy part; through which expan- fion there is an opening for the paifage of a large nerve : it's principal infertion is by a flat tendon into the fuperior and anterior part of the tibia internally, marked /' on the left lower limb in table the fecond. 18 19 19 20 The gracilis : 19 19 the part coming from it's origin, which is from the edge of the inferior branch of the os pubis near the fymphyfis by a broad and very ihort tendon, from thence the fleihy fibres run down to the
			internal condyle of the os femoris, where they terminate in a thin tendon, which afterwards degenerates into a kind of aponeuroiis, and is inferted into the fore part of the infide of the head of the tibia; and from thence it is continued almoft to the bottom of that bone, and the pof- tcrior part is attached to the tendinous furface of the flexor digitorum pedis. 21 7 8 A part of the fafcia lata, &c. which is left remain- ing, the reft being cut away before it's attachment to the tendons of the biceps, and femi-tendinofus: they cover the tendon of the gemellus, and are inferted into the inner fide of the os calcis with a tendinous production of the plantaris: thefe fafcise are inferted into the edges of the principal tendon of the plantaris, but moft ftrongly into the external edge ; the fafcia:, along with the tendinous production of the plantaris, being united, divide into two almoft equal parts (or if they are continued into each other it is by what is membranous;) the external is inferted into the external edge of the plantaris as it pafTes over the cal- caneum: the internal portion partly into the faid tendon op- pofite to the other, but chiefly into the internal fide of the calcaneiim clofe to the origin of the aponeurofis plantaris. 22 23 24 25 26 The tendon of the plantaris coming from under the tendons of the fafciae and twiftirig over the tendon of the gemellus at 22; at 26 it divides for the paifage of the tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis. The part 22 23 belongs to that part which is analogous to the plantaris in the human body, and inferted into the heel; and the part 23 24 25 26 is analogous to the ihort flexor of the toes arifing from the heel or protuberance of the calcaneum, but in a horfe they are continued one into the other. 27 The tendon cf the flexor digitorum pedis of which 11 is the fleihy portion, lying partly under the broad ten- don of the biceps cruris. 28 29 The tendon of the peroneus, of which 10 is the fleihy part lying under the broad tendon of the biceps cruris. 30 The tendon of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis ; of which 9 is the fleihy part lying under the broad tendon of the biceps cruris. 40 Extenfor brevis digitorum pedis. 41 42 Tibialis pofticus ; 41 it's fleihy belly lying un- der the flat tendons of the fartorius and gracilis ; 42 the tendon going to join in with the tendon of the flexor dioi- torum pedis. 43 Poplitxus, lying under the tendons of the fartorius and gracilis. 44 Some of the fleihy part of the flexor digitorum pe- dis, of which 27 is the tendon. U 45 Nerves

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[ 46 j

tarfus and metatarfus inferted externally above into the
os calcis, and below into the fplmt or external imperfect
metatarfal bone.

54 A burfal ligament.

55 A ftrong ligament which binds the os calcis to the
aftragalus, os navicular ofTa cuneiformia, and fplint or
imperfect metatarfal bone^ marked 899 in table the fe-
cond.

56 56 57 57 The iiiterofleus, &c. it is like a ftrong
ligament arifing from the upper part of the metatarfal
bones, and fome of the tarfal bones, and is inferted into
the fefamoid bones, and firft bone of the toe; on each
fide it fends 01T the ligaments 5757 to the tendon of the
extenfor digitorum pedis.

58 A ligament lying over the tendon of the plantaris :

45 Nerves which make fome appearance under the
tendon of the biceps cruris, going to the tibialis anticus,
&c. they are branches of the fmall fciatic ramus, or
fciaticus externus, called likewife fciatico-peronseus.

46 The external nervus plantaris.

47 The internal nervus plantaris.

48 Arteria plantaris externa.

49 Vena plantaris externa.

50 Vena plantaris interna.

51 A ligament which runs from the tibia to the os
calcis, it lies over the tendon of the peroneus.

52 52 The external articular ligament, which is in-
ferted above into the tibia and below into the aftragalus,
and os calcis.

53 A ligament which binds together the bones of the

The thirteenth Anatomical Ta b l

and Cartilages

it is inferted into the fefamoid bones on each fide o? trie
tendon to which bones it. clofely confines the tendori
when this joint is bent, but is not attached to it.

59 A ligament arifing from the firft bone of the toe on,
each ide, and inferted into the middle of the tendon of
the plantaris, to which bone it confines the tendon, wheri
this joint is bent.

60 A ligament which binds the tendon of the flexor
digitorum pedis down to. the fecond bone of the toe when
this joint is bent.

61 A fubftance refembling the villous furface of a mufli-
room, anfmg from the coffin bone, received by the like
lubitance ariimg from the hoof, which it mutually fe
ceives. ^J

E of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries Veins
of a Horse, viewed pofteriorly, explained

J In the Neck.

In the Head.
& W '^t LANDUL/E iabiales.
bb Mufculus caninus.

^^^^^�^cc Buccinator.

def The depreflor of the lower lip: it arifes along
with the buccinator, and is almoft divided into two mufcles,
one fuperior the other inferior, for the paflage of nerves
and blood-veflels to the lower lip; d the fuperior part
which arifes tendinous, and is inferted flefhy into the
lower lip laterally ; ^/"the inferior part which arifes flefhy
and is inferted tendinous into the lower lip near the mid-
dle : e the fleihy belly ; / the tendon. � The part d is
the depreflor of the corner of the mouth, and the part ef
the depreflor of the lower lip, but the part //is covered by
the blood-veflels and nerves which go to the chin.

gggh The orbicular mufcle of the mouth.

// The elevators of the chin.

k The eye-ball. -

// Mufculus ciliaris.

m Maffeter.

n Branches of the nervus maxillaris inferior : they are
branches of the third branch of the fifth pair cf nerves,
and are accompanied with an artery from the temporal
artery, which communicates with the arteria angularis.

00 Arteria angularis.

p Vena angularis.

q The falivary duel.

rs Vena temporalis.

t The outer ear.

^longus : it arifes from the tranfverfe procefTes of the third
ana fourth vertebrae of the neck, and from a part of the
longus colli: it is inferted into the os fphenoides.

ghiklmnooo Tranfverfalis cervicis; gh the fuperior

fo^^ru ^ar^lfeS ^fr°^m ^the ^oblIcl^ue ProcefTes of the third,

tw f \ ' ^Xth' ^and ^feventh ^vertebrae of the neck, and
two ₀f _the _Up_permoft _of _the _back? _v[z _the _b �� _of _the

lo^erobhque procefs of the third, and uppermoft of the
rourtn, and fo of the reft: it is inferted into the tranf-
verle _pr0Cefs of the firft vertebra of the neck \ iklmn the

e\<yhl°^Yp^?t^Yti * ^anfeS ^from ^the tranfverfe procefTes of
f�L 1 ^Pen0r ^vertebr3e ^ the back, and from the

aicia betwixt that and the broad tendon of the com-
plexes, &_c. by flefhy fibres: at klmn it is inferted into
uie traniverfe procefTes of the four inferior vertebrae of
�^e neck, partly flefhy, but chiefly by broad thin ten^
ⁿs; _at ₀₀₀ _the inter-tranfverfaiis' makes fome ap-
pearance. ^r

llJiH ,^Trac,^he,°-^maftoid*us» complexus minor, or maftoi-

W r ' t ^the ^flelhy P^art �' ^k ^arifes from the ob-

■queproeeffes of the third, fourth, fifth, fi_xth, and fe-
enth vertebrae of the neck ; the uppermoft of the back,

of the h T ⁶ ^F°^CeffeS °^f ^the ^feCOnd ^and ^third ^vertebra5rorv- J1 ⁵ ^q �⁶ ^tendon S^oing W ^be inferted into the
roo.of the proceffus maftoidaeus.

the t2ir'*? * ^ComP^!exus; ^ is attached by a fafcia to
the S , ^pr?^Ce"^eS ^0f ^the ^fi* and fecond vertebra of
vertehr*' f f ^the ^obliq^ue proceffes of the third

*- ra or the neck, and from all thofe of the neck be-
low

CL\

jb Coraco-hyoideus, coming at a from it's origin, at
the upper and internal fide of the humerus, betwixt the
infertions of the fub-fcapularis and teres major, by a fiat
membranous tendon: it begins to be fleihy as it comes
from under the ferratus minor anticus : b it's infertion in-
to the os hyoides: it is attached to the anterior part of
the trapezius near it's whole length, and above that at-
tachment to the rectus major capitis anterior ; or has an
origin along with the infertion of that mufcle from the
os fphenoides by a flat tendon.

c Sterno-hyoideus : it arifes from the middle tendon of
the fterno-thyroideus, and is inferted into the os hyoides
along with the caraco-hyoideus.

d 5 Genio-hyoideus; 5 it's origin from the lower
jaw, tendinous. � It's infertion into the os hyoides is
near d.

66 j Diagaftricus; 7 the middle tendon 5 6 6 it's
two infertions into the lower jaw.

ee Obliquus capitis inferior, covered by the fafcia by
which the complexus is attached to the tranfverfe procefifes
of the firft and fecond vertebras of the neck : it arifes from
all the length of the fpine of the oblique procefs of the fe-
cond vertebra of the neck, and from all the pofterior part of
that vertebra which the inter-vertebralis does not cover,
and is inferted into all or moft of the anterior part of the
broad tranf/erfe procefs of the arlafs, which the inter-ver-
tebralis does not cover.

f Rectus internus major capitis, or rectus anticus

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L 4' j

no Rectus abdominis, arifes from the os pubis and is in-
ferted into the cartilacro-enfiformis, and the cartilages of
the tenth, ninth, eighth, feventh, fixth, fifth, fourth,
and third ribs near the fternum ; and into the fternum be-
twixt the roots of the cartilages of the third and fourth
ribs. � There are flelhy fibres arifing from the firft rib
which join it at it's origin from the fternum, betwixt the
cartilages of the third and fourth ribs. � This is called a
diftincl: mufcle and named mufculus in fummo thorace
fitus.

p The elevating mufcle of the tail.

q The lateral mufcle of the tail.

r The inter-tranfverfe mufcle of the tail.

s The deprefling mufcle of the tail.

For a more full explanation of the mufcles of the tail,
fee table the 12th.

/ The external fphin�f.or ani.

// Acceleratores penis.

likewife fends a flat tendinous flip or aponeurofis to the os
orbiculare, and another to the fuperior part of the meta-
carpal bone or internal articular ligament near it's infertion
into that bone : thefe are analogous to thofe aponeurofifes
in the human body, which bind the tendons of this mufcle
together.

dd The tendon of the mufcle which is analagous to
the extenfor minimi digiti in the human body, joined by
the flip c of the extenfor digitorum communis : it arifes
from the fuperior part of the radius, from the external
part of the ulna for a considerable way down that bone,
and from the vagina or cafe which binds together the
bending mufcles of the cubit, and is inferted along with
the flip c into the anterior and fuperior part of the great
paftern externally : this flip, which it receives, is analo-
gous to the aponeurofis in the human body, which binds
the tendons of the extenfor digitorum together : it fends
a flip to the orbicular bone, to which, by that means, it
is bound.

efghi Flexor carpi ulnaris : e the external head, arif-
ina, by the tendon �, from the external protuberance of
the os humeri pofteriorly: f the internal head, arifing
from the internal protuberance of the os humeri: g the
tendon which divides into two a little below g₉ and is
inferted, by the part >6, into the external fplint bone,
and, by the part /, into the os pififorme or orbiculare.
� Thefe heads are two diftin�t. mufcles, the one ulnaris
externus, the other ulnaris internus j the tendon of the
ulnaris externus only is divided, being inferted partly in-
to the external fplint bone, and partly into the orbiculare.

Y^klm The profundus : it arifes by fourdiftinft heads,
the moft confiderable of which, marked K, arifes from the
internal protuberance of the os humeri pofteriorly under
and in common with the fublimis, with which it feems to be
confounded, in fome degree, all the way down the flefhy
part till it comes to the tendon, where the four heads unite,
and then the profundus and fublimis make two diftincl:
tendons : the fecond head arifes under the firft, from the
fame protuberance, by a fmall flatiih tendon, which foon
fwells into a round flelhy belly, then, gradually tapering,
becomes a round tendon, and joins in with the firft head a
little above the orbicular bone of the carpus: the third
head k arifes flelhy from the ancon near it's extremity, and
foon becoming a fmall long tendon joins in with the firft
and fecond heads about the fame place where they unite :
the fourth head arifes flelhy from the flat pofterior part of
the radius about it's middle, and (firft becoming tendi-
nous) joins in with the heads about the fame place where
they join with each other; Im the common tendon, which
is inferted below m into the coffin bone. � It receives,

X from

Wv that and from the upper oblique procefs of the firft

vertebra of the baek, and by a pretty ftrong flat tendon

from theteond and third vertebra of the back, from the

faft of which the tendon is reflected to the fpina proce s

of the fame vertebra, which makes a communication be-
_ot the tame , _anfin _from _the

tw«t this part of the J _fixth _and _feventh _ver

^Pr^S of he tack : r flelhy fibres arifing from the broad
¹ T °_atR it arifes tendinous from the hgamentum
^te?l lit tendinous lines, by which the flefliy fibres are m-

ck AMadvance towards the tendon u; w the part
terfeaed, wh.cn advanc _d ;_nto _the _oc_

which * -feed by a fton- ^ _Ae�&m<�

ffi Sous thSs which attach it to the ligamentum
^con*- . ^i!, « the place where the rhom- .

_x Part of the vena jugulans communis.

_a Vena iusularis externa anterior.

t Vena jufularis externa poftenor, or fupenor

³ � {« nf the cervical arteries and veins going to

In the Trunk. .

aa, &c. The ferratus major pofticus, inferted into the

^ribS/,, frr dd. &c The external inter-coftals; b a

bbbcccc, &c �*� _fde _does _not _adhere.

T The part ^ whkh the external oblique mufcle of
cc, &c. tne P _hi _h j _bout _as exteniive as it s

the abdomen> adh r s, « ^ ^ ^^

_orlg,� iiomfcnte, ^ ^ _funs _w._thout _{adhereing
obhqU}e mufck ot he ^ ^

briefly «� ^ run � a tranfverfe d^ion from

^one "^b'° Xtof the internal inter-coftals.

^/7' �' K fibres which run in the fame d.rea.on
as A'etxtemal inter-coftals from one cartilaginous end.ng
of the ribs to another _ndens _abdominis.

� ^h'tfrol SI oV the ilium, tendinous and flelhy,
it arifes rrom me ipu ligamentum fallopn, from

as ssr ^cr si tnet&s of *e o^p_s pubis,

v tfer?edTnto the cartilage of the loweft rib, tendinous
¹ j fllv and into the cartilaginous endings of the nbs
"it the cartiio-enfiformis ? h the flemy; part ending
as far as the ^ca�V\ blood-veffels pafs

^at*j. ? l^1Sthe exCal oblique mufcle ; / the flat ten-
Itaf-tha"-of theLdon of this mufcle which
rans over the reaus is cut oft.

w Glands.

� The blood-vefTels and nerves which are marked on the
thorax, are thofe which were diftributed to the parts
taken off, as the obliquus externus, latiflimus dorfi, mem-
brana carnofa, Sec. and integuments: the nerves come
from the nervi dorfales, or coftales, and nervi lumbares ;
the arteries from the arterial inter-coftales inferiores, and
the arterise lumbares j the veins from the venae inter-cof-
tales and vense lumbares.

In the upper Limbs.

ABC Triceps brachii; A the part called extenfor lon-
cnis y B extenfor brevis : the long head arifes from the
inferior cofta of the fcapula, and the fhert head from the
humerus, they are inferted into the ancon at C.

abc Extenfor digitorum communis ; a the flelhy part
which arifes from the external condyle of the humerus,
the upper and lateral part of the radius and fafcia which
covers the extending mufcles on the cubit, but it's prin-
cipal origin is by a ftrong flat tendon from the anterior
part of the external condyle of the humerus, from which
place it continues it's origin into the anterior foffula, or
finus, which receives the upper head of the radius when
the cubit is bent: it lies under the extenfor carpi radialis,
to the tendon of which it adheres for about three minutes
from it's beginning, as well as to the burfal ligament which
lies under it; be the tendon which is chiefly inferted into
the coffin bone: it fends the flip c to the tendon of the
extenfor minimi digiti, to be along with it inferted into
the anterior and fuperior part of the great paftern exter-
nally ; and another flip which is inferted into the ante-
rior and fuperior part of the great paftern internally: it

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		[ 4> ]

from the pofterior part of the boiies of the carpus, the in- fertion of what is analogous to the flexor brevis policis manus, and flexor parvus minimi digiti, in the human body. N#0 The fublimis, which arifes from the internal protu- berance of the os humeri pofteriorly, over and in common with the firft head of the profundus, with which it feems to be confounded, in fome degree, all the way down the fleihy part, till it comes near the orbicular bone of the carpus, where it makes a diftin�r tendon no_y which di- vides, near 0, for the paffage of the profundus, and is in* ferted into the great paftern on each fide of that tendon, and ferves as a ligament to confine it to that bone when the joint is bent; N the flelhy part. � It receives, from the pofterior and internal part of the radius, the infertion of what is analogous to the flexor longus pollicis manus in the human body. pp Nervus plantaris. q Arteria plantaris. s Vena cephalica; it falls into the jugular vein. tt Vena plantaris externa, and vena plantaris interna. u The burfal ligament, at the juncture of the hume- rus with the fcapula. w x The external articular ligament of the carpus. y z The internal articular ligament of the carpus. 1 2 A ligament running; from the orbicular bone of the carpus to the fplint bone : it ferves as a ftay to that bone when the flexor carpi ulnaris is in action : there is a large branch of the vena cephalica protuberating under it. 3344 Interoffeus, &c. it is like a ftrong ligament arifing from the bones of the carpus, and upper part of the metacarpal bones: it is inferted into the fefamoid bones and great paftern on each fide, and fends off the ligaments 44 to the tendon of the extenfor digitorum, which it keeps from ftarting when the fetlock joint gives _way. � It fupplies the places of the interoffei manus, and abdu&ors of the fore finger, little finger, and fhort ab- ductors of the thumb, with the adductors of the thumb and little finger. In the lower Limbs, ab Iliacus internus; a it's origin from the fpine of the ilium : it arifes from the whole or fuperior half of the in- fide of the os ilium, and has fome origin from that part of the fafcia lata which lies betwixt it and the glutei: it is joined in with the pfoas magnus from it's origin, and with it inferted into the little trochanter of the thigh bone : they feem to be but one mufcle. cddddefgh Gluteus medius; c the part which arifes from the tendinous furface of the facro-lumbalis, and does not adhere to the fafcia lata ; dddd the part which re-
	ceives flelhy fibres from the fafcia lata ; e it'the ilium, which is continued from thispofterior part cf the fpine, and all that fpailium which lies betwixt the fpine and the glutpartly tendinous, but chiefly flelhy j and froment which goes between the ilium and the trcefTes of the os facrum ; f the part which lgluteus externus and biceps cruris j ggh it'sthe great trochanter. AAB Gluteus externus $ A A the flelhyflat tendon. C Gluteus medius, D Pyramidalis. E Mufculus fafcia lata. F Sartorius. iklmnQYi Pyramidalis, arifes from the othe ligament betwixt that and the ifchium :confiderable way, infeparably joined to the gluand inferted at k into the back part of the grter: it receives an expanfion from the gluteG the infertion of it's flat tendon H. 0 Triceps fecundus; it arifes from the iis inferted into the linea afpera of the thigh boit's infertion is attached to the large adductor qrst Triceps tertius, the large adductor oor adductor magnus: it arifes from the ligamfrom the facrum and coccyx to the ifchium;ment is probably nothing more than the flat temufcle, to the pofterior edge of which thejoined, and to the anterior edge of the ligambetwixt the os facrum and the ifchium : iorigin is from the tubercle of the ifchium :by a ftrong tendon into the internal condyle orus, behind the origin of the articular lio-ametle below it, and by a flat tendon into the ament and tendon of the femi-tendinofus: it jthe long adductor near it's infertion. uuw Gracilis: it arifes from the edge ofbranch of the os pubis, near the fymphyfisand very ihort tendon ; from thence the flelhdown to the internal condyle of the os femthey terminate in a thin tendon, which afternerates into a kind of aponeurofis, and is infefore part of the infide of the head of the tibia. xyyz The inferior part of the femi-tendupper part is cut off at x: the origin, by cafrom the broad tendon of the adduclor {hewn at s: the tendinous production whichthe gemellus to join in with the fafcia lata an		over'teV⁸ 2*** ^t0 ^the ^tendinbus M" ^whIch ^foveffels wh^ K r ^ ^C°^VerS ^fome ^nerves ^and ^bl°°^d" theleo- th ^P °^Ver ^the g^emellus and run down alfo inferted'bv Ta "^ H in table the fecond : it is la� u ^y ^a ^flat ^tendon ^or expanfion into the plan- exDanr^ar if ^tt0m °^f ^the ^fle% P^art 5 ^throug^h ^which nerve rrkeJ^ " * T�^ ^f°^r ^the H^ °^f * *& it's nr 1 ⁷ ^m ^tabk ^the ^third ^on ^the ^left ^lower ^Iimb anH o T? ^lnfertlon ^ by a flat tendon into the fuperior anterior part of the tibia internally. berrU ³f L^mi:^membranofus; a it's origin from the tu- mor held of ST ⁼ * '' °ⁿ®ⁿ ^h ^is ^attached ^t0 ^Aethe f_P j- ^blCeP^s ^cruris ' ^about ^z * J^oins ⁱⁿ ^with lerm-tendinofus, and is with it inferted into the tibia. Pofteri ⁷ ^VaftuS ^externus' 4 ^h'^s ^orig'ⁿ ^from ^thearifes f ^u °-^f ^tn° §^reat trochanter 5 5 the part which it's o � � ^m- ⁶ ^lnfide: ^they ^are ^both externally tendinous: ris f^k ^IS ^contlnued fleftiy along the infide of the femo- fleftiv h 11°^Ut ^tW°-^thirds ^of ^jt'^s ^kngth downwards; 6 the inferL ^y ' 1 ⁷ "'^s mfertion into the patella; 7 ⁸ ^i�'^swife If" !T ^e ^lateral %^ament °^f the patella : it is like- o U A ^lnt° ^the ^tendon ^of ^the reftus. rior �!c^Su^mmr^:* " ^arifes ^fr°m the external or pofte- ^a"^d b^P;^r Mother �1^ °^f ** ^ ^ T '7°"'* thefe I T/ ^the ^antenor part of the fame fpine; whichAc j °" ^Unite ^and ^form a large flelhy belly, ,* ^defcends ^t0 be inferted into the patella, ternal h j* ^-¹³ ^I4 ^x5 ^l6 The gemellus; io it'sex- a �^-t' ^Whlch ^arifes out of and from the borders of extern-, °J ?°^tch ⁱⁿ ^the ^os ^femoris, a little above the intern! ^C_u°ⁿ^^h'* ^at 'o externally tendinous; 11 it's lower I liL ^Wh'^ch ^arifes ^from a roughnefs on the intern.1 P?�^nor P^art of the os femoris a little above the be eafil r⁷ '' ¹² ' ² ^a ^fort of flat tendon, which may bv it's p 7^Par,^t6d ^from ^the mufcle, only adhereing to .t the f_em , "? ^^ge; ^k'^s ^internal edge joins the fefcia of mulcle ^te?^ln0fuS' ^&C it runs over the furface of the tendinnf³ ^J°'^nS '" ^with e fafcia fent from the fem.- bv th' ' ^Wh,ch Joins it both above and below, and lus Z^T* ^makes ^a ^cafe for the tendons of the gemel- extern_alfl^Pft!^ltanS;, ³ ^the external fleftiy part; hJ»* tend nnf J ^pa" ^l^ⁿg under the expanfion of the fem- temal lS , '⁵ ^the ^tend°n formed by part of the ex- bvtheln³ ⁵ ,V ^ tendon of the internal head, formed tendon T 5^ ^and P^art ^of e external head : thefe magnus, is _os _ca!cis' ^s ^and ^l6, are both together inferted into the theVemt^dmr⁶" ^tHe ^ °^ff °^f ^ ^ °

	the biceps cruris is cut off at yy: it fends off an ex pan-
				⁹ ^The ^f°^lKus, it arifes from the external articular ligament

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	[ 45 ] the long extenfor of the toes at 29, part of which is af- terwards inferted into the great paftern on it's fuperior and anterior portions externally. 3031 Extenfor longus digitorum pedis ; it arifes alono- with the ftrong tendon of the tibialis anticus, to which it is infeparably joined near it's origin : it arifes alfo from the tibia ; 30 it's flelhy belly; 31 it's tendon, at 29 joined by the tendon of the peronseus, with part of which it fends off a flip to be inferted into the great paftern : on it's fuperior and anterior part externally it fends ano- ther (lip, with the fafcise which join it, to be inferted into the fuperior and anterior part of the great paftern inter- nally, but it's principal infertion is into the anterior and fuperior part of the coffin bone. 32 Extenfor brevis digitorum pedis. 33 34 Tibialis pofticus; it arifes from the external fide of the pofterior part of the head of the tibia, and from the tendinous furface of the flexor digitorum pedis; 33 it's flelhy belly; 34 it's tendon, inferted into the tendon of the flexor digitorum. 3535 Poplitseus ; it arifes tendinous from the external condyle of the os femoris under the articular ligament, and is inferted into the tibia at 35 35 externally tendinous. 3636 Nervus fciaticus. 3 7 Nervus fciatico-cruralis. 38 Nervus poplitseus. 39 Nervus plantaris externus and nervus plantaris in- ternus, which are branches of the nervus fciatico-tibialis. 40 A branch fent from the nervus fciaticus, which di- vides, one branch to go with the blood-veffels to the glu- teus, another to the biceps cruris, and another to the femi-tendinofus, Sec. 41 Nervus fciatico-peronseus. 42 42 Rami of the fciatico-peronxus ; they run in be- twixt the peronasus and long extenfor of the toe, and are diftributed to thofe mufcles with the tibialis anticus and the neighbouring parts. 43 A Branch of the nervus fciatico-cruralis. 44 45 46 Branches of the arteria pudica communis which is a branch of the internal iliaca or hypoaaftrica; 43 a branch cut off where it enters the biceps cruris; 46 branches cut off, which pafs through the fafcia lata to go to the femi-tendinofus. 47 Arteries which go to the biceps cruris. 48 A branch of the arteria poplitaea which goes to the biceps cruris.
ligament of the knee, and is inferted into the fafcise or tendinous parts of the gemellus 1212 a little below 19, or attached to them and inferted with them into the os fealcis : the fafcise from the biceps, femi-tendinofus, gra- cilis, &c. with the tendinous part, marked 1212 in this table, communicate with or are attached to each other, and a're inferted partly into the os calcis on the infide of the principal tendon of the gemellus, with which at their infertion they are confounded, and are partly inferted on each edge of the tendon of the plantaris as it runs over the os calcis � their lateral parts are joined poftenorly by a liga- mentous membrane, marked 22 23 24 in table the twelfth. 20 21 22 The tendon of the plantaris: this muicle arifes under the external head of the gemellus (in which it is in a manner wraped up) out of the large fofia, or notch in the os femoris : above the external condyle, on the external fide of it's flelhy belly, the gemellus is at- tached to it by flelhy fibres 5 at 20 it runs over the ena of the os calcis, where it is bound on each fide by ligaments which prevent it's flipping to either fide; at 2, it divides to be inferted on each fide of the inferior part of the great pattern pofteriorly, and to give paflage to the tendon of She flexor digitorum pedis, to which tendon it ferves as a Lament to confine it to the great paftern when the fo- lk joint is bent, and by that means it receives affiftance from that tendon in bending the fetlock joint. ---- This is analogous to the plantaris and fhort flexor of the toes in the human body, viz. the part above 20 to the plantaris, and the part below 20 to the fhort flexor of the toes ³ " _ar₂c2C26 Flexor digitorum pedis; 23 the flelhy hellv externally tendinous, which arifes tendinous and flefhv from the fibula and articular hgament which runs from the external condyle of the os femoris to and down hat bone, and from the pofterior part of tne tibia, ten- dinous and flefhy, which origination is continued near half the way down that bone from a confiderable roughnefs, he protoberating parts of which give rife to the four or the P^ro� * [ _of _which this mufcle is compofed 5 f74f₅ 26 the tendon, inferted at 26 into the coffin ^b°"^e; 27 28 29 Peronaeus; it arifes from the upper part of the fibula and articular ligament, which runs from the external condyle of the os femoris down the fibula : it has "edi ^gnear all the length of the flelhy part of that mufcle$ ifZ it's tendon, which is inferted into the tendon of
		49 Arteria tibialis anterior. 50 Arteria plantaris externa. 5¹ 5² 53 Branches of the vena hypogaftrica; at 52 a branch which comes from the biceps cruris; at 53 branches are cut off which come from the femi-tendinofus. 54 A branch of the vena poplitasa which comes from the biceps. 55 A branch of the vena obturatrix. 56 Vena plantaris externa and vena plantaris interna. 57 57 Glandula poplitsea, commonly called the pope's eye. 585859596060 A ligament running from the fpines of the os facrum to it's tranfverfe proceffes, and from thence to the tubercle of the ifchium, from which the upper head of the biceps receives a flelhy origin; 59 59 60 60 fhew the place where the fafcia lata is cut off which runs betwixt thefafcia lata and biceps cruris. 61 62 The external articular ligament, which is in- ferted above into the tibia and below into the aftragalus and os calcis. 63 63 A ligament which binds together the bones of the tarfus and metatarfus, inferted externally above into the os calcis, and below into the external fplint bone, and internally into the os cuboides. 64 A burfal ligament. 65 A ftrong ligament which binds the os calcis to the aftragalus, or naviculare, offa cuniformia, and the inter- nal fplint bone. 66 66 6 j 6 j Interoffeus, &c. it is like a ftrong liga- ment, arifing from foine of the tarfal bones, and the up- per part of the metatarfal bones, and is inferted into the fefamoid bones and great paftern on each fide: it fends off the parts 67 67 on each lide to bind down the tendon of the extenfor digitorum pedis. � This is of a ligamen- tous nature, but fupplies the places of the interoffeus, the fhort flexor, adductor and abductor of the great toe, the abdu&or and fhort flexor proper to the little toe, and a ligament which arifes from the calcaneum and belongs to the cuboid bone; but fends off an excurfion which joins the origins of the fhort flexor and interoffeus of the little toe, both thofe of the interoffei of the third of the fmall toes and that of the adductor of the great toe in the hu- man body. The ligamentous aponeurofis 6 j is fent partly from the interoffeus, Sec. and partly from the capfular of the fetlock joint to be inferted into the ten- don of the extenfor digitorum pedis.



			The

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[ 44 J

The fourteenth Anatomical Ta b l

e of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands
and Cartilages of a Horse, viewed pofteriorly, explained ' '

In the Head and Wind-pipe.

gg₉ Sec. hh, Sec. Inter-tranfverfarii pofteriores colli;
gg₉ Sec. their originations from the roots of the oblique
procefles, and betwixt them and the tranfverfe procefles
where the inter-vertebralis does not cover; h h, Sec their
infertions into the fixth, fifth, fourth, third and fecond tranf-
verfe procefles of the vertebrae of the neck. -;� To divide
thefe into diftin�r. mufcles there feems to be, for each infer-
tion into the tranfverfe procefles, two originations, viz.
one from the inferior part of the vertebra below the infer-
tion, and the other from the upper part of the next to
that. � The loweft origin is from the firft vertebra of the
back, part of which is inferted into the tranfverfe procefs
of the feventh vertebra of the neck.

ikll Obliquus capitis inferior j ik it's origin from all
the length of the fpine of the fecond vertebra of the neck;
at k, where it runs under the rectus capitis pofticus lon-
gus, it is externally tendinous ; it arifes from all the pof-
terior part of that vertebra which the inter-vertebralis does
not cover, and is inferted, at //, into all or moft of the
broad tranfverfe procefs of the atlas, which is not covered
by the inter-vertebralis.

mn Obliquus capitis fuperior; m it's fleftvy origin, which
is pretty deep from the broad tranfverfe procefs of the at-
las j n it's infertion into the occiput.

op Rectus capitis pofticus major; 0 it's origin from
the ridge or fpine of the lower oblique procefs of the fe-
cond vertebra of the neck, p it's infertion into the oc-
ciput.

q Rectus capitis pofticus minor, or rather medius : it
arifes from the root of the fpine of the oblique procefs of
the fecond vertebra of the neck above the origin of the
rectus major ; and continues it's origin for about three
minutes up the fpine, or ridge of this vertebra : it is in-
ferted by a ftiort and broad tendon into the occiput, wrap-
ping over the furface of the intervertebralis.

rstuwwx The multifidae of the fpine, arifing at rstu
from the defcending oblique procefles of the vertebrse of
the neck, partly, externally, tendinous j ww the infertion
of the parts arifing at stu, from the defcending oblique
procefles of the fifth, fourth, and third vertebrae of the
neck, viz. all that part which arifes from the third ver-
tebra u, the external and middle parts of the origin from
the fourth vertebra /, and the external part of the origin
from the fifth vertebra s. The inner part of the oriain

fifth vte^"^?^' ^Md ,** ^miMe ^ ^fr°^m ^thetebra r tl' t\ *^e ^external P^art ^from the fixth ver-

vertebra Snif⁵ '"^ '^nt° ^the ^fP^ine ^of ^the «
that manner ^g ^m ^ ^Vertebne ^below *; and in

n?Thc nt^re^UnS °\^d°rⁿ ^t0 ^the ^bottom ^of th^e fpine.
arife from Jf l^tranfverfani pofteriores colli: they

"or vertebi of r^dmg,°^blK1Ue P^r°^CeffeS °^f ^the ^five *&
oblique _DrorPff I T^k' ^a"^d ^fr°^m ^the ^fP^ace ^b«wixt the
Aey'SS °^f K^he ^UPP^�rmoft ^vertebra °f the back ;
of the vertS 1 l** T -^the ^lateral P^arK «f the bodie

11 ft! ^ r°^Vf ^the'^r °^rigⁱⁿ "fpeaivdy.
7 1 Branches of the cervical nerves *

, �^ranches of the cervical arteries.

3 Branches of the cervical veins.

4 Fart of the vena jugularis communis.

5 vena jugularis externa anterior.

78ot^J?^hriS ^eXtema P°^fterior or fuperior.

/ ° 9 10 JLioramentum colli � R fU_Q 1 1 1

trapezius and rhomboides are cut from � W*

from this 1 ;«*,«» * 1 ^rom ^their originations

fpines of fe '� ⁹ ^the P" ^Which ^is infertedlnto the
feted it^J^ f - ^ part which is in-

_a c . _r . ,. IntheTrunk.

nous feSSrffil^ ^h ^a"^fes ^fle% from the tendi-
fpines of I ,^the>^g-^lfllmus ^dorfi ^: ^a"d inferred into the

municateVw,^ethT/^Urⁿ°r^Vertebr3eof ^theback: ^k ^com'
fibres of 1 r v ^f?^mahs ^cervicis ^as well as the fleflw

** &SKSS*^re ^k'^s ^inf� ^thefp^inah'

from th'_Pt^Cf' ^The_J^extemal inter-coftals; they arife, at bb,

rib, the "7'°^r ^edgei ^md ^a ^Httle °^f ^the ^outfide of each
defcendin" ^"P^I ^the* ^are ^a ^e tendinous, and,

Ae u_PP ^g_e� T?y itTTt'^are ^inferted ^at«^int°

firit excepted ' * °^Ut"^de °^f ^each ^rib' ^the

froif the^^: ^THe ⁱ_J^nterna,-¹ '"^oftals i they arife at dd
cepTtt fiTT^r ^Cd§e °^f ^the ^b°"y P^art of each rib, ex-
the edaJ If I"⁰' ^CCT^lng ^an^ °^f ^the ^outfide,) and from
part of the^ ^tbe/^a"^llag^es of the ribs, and a confiderable

' ^Ut P^artly ^fle%, and afcending obliquely

upwards

aaa>

THE orbicular mufcle of the mouth.

bb Mufculus caninus, or the elevators of
the corner of the mouth and of the cheek : it
arifes from the upper jaw bone, and is inferted, at bb,
into the orbicular mufcle of the mouth and buccinator.

cd The buccinator : it arifes in three different places :
about d the fuperior fibres arife from the alveoli of the
upper jaw: the middle fibres arife from the ligamentum
inter-maxillaris, and the inferior from the lower jaw : it is
inferted into the glandulous membrane of the infide of
the cheek and lips, and at c into the orbicularis oris.

e The glandulse buccales, or glandulous membrane
which lines the infide of the lips.

fg The elevator of the chin.

h The globe, or ball of the eye.

n Arteria temporalis.

oo Arteria angularis.

p Vena angularis.

qrs Vena temporalis.

t An artery which goes to the glandulae fublinguales.

u Glandulse fublinguales.

wx Genioorloflus: w it's tendinous origin from the
� ■ � � � i � ■ r

jaw bone; x it's infertion into the tongue : this miertion

is continued from the os hyoides to near the tip of the

tongue.

yz Hyothyreoideus; y it's origin from the thyroid
cartilaae ; z it's infertion into the os hyoides.

112 The lower conftri&or of the pharinx.

3 4 HyogloiTus ₇ arifing at 3 from the os hyoides,
and inferted into the tongue near 4.

5 Part of the os hyoides.

6 The outer ear.

In the Neck,
abcdef Longus colli \ a the part coming from it's in-
ferior origin from the lateral parts of the bodies of the
five uppermoft vertebrx of the back, and the lowed of
the neck j bcde it's originations from the tranfverfe pro-
cefles of the fixth, fifth, fourth, and third vertebrae of
the neck : it is inferted at f into the anterior oblique pro-
cefs of the fixth vertebra of the neck : it is alfo inferted into
the bodies of the fifth, fourth, third, and fecond laterally,
near their tranfverfe procefles, and into the anterior emi-
nence or tubercle of the body of the atlas.

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	w

		C 45 ] common with the fublimis, with which it feems to be con- founded, in fome degree, all the way down the flelhy part, till it comes to the tendon where the four heads unite, and then the profundus and fublimis make two dif- tincl: tendons: it is tendinous at d: the fecond head arifes under the firft, from the fame protuberance, by a fmall flattifh tendon, which loon fwells into a round flelhy belly, then tapering gradually becomes a round tendon, and joins in with the firft head a little above the orbicular bone of the carpus: the third head f arifes flelhy from the ancon near it's extremity, and foon becomes a fmall round tendon j g joins in with the firft and fecond heads about g₇ where they unite 5 the fourth head arifes flelhy from the flat pofterior part of the radius, about it's middle (firft becoming tendinous) and then joins in with the other heads about the fame place where they join in with each other: they all together form the common tendon h /, which is inferted, at /, into the coffin bone. � It receives, from the pofterior part of the bones of the carpus, the in- fertion of what is analogous to the flexor brevis pollicis manus, and flexor parvus minimi digiti in the human body. klmnn The fublimis or perforatus; it arifes from the internal protuberance of the os humeri, pofteriorly, over, and in common with the firft head of the profundus, with which it feems to be confounded, in fome decree, all the way down the flelhy part, 'till it comes near the orbicular bone of the carpus, where it makes a diftincl: tendon Imnn^ which divides at m for the profundus, and is inferted on each fide of the great paftern, as at n and n: it ferves as a ligament to confine the tendon of the profundus to that bone when the joint is bent. � This mufcle receives from the pofterior and internal part of the radius, the infertion of what is analogous to the flexor longus pollicis manus in the human body. 0 A ligament which binds down the bending tendons, explained in table the twelfth. pq Flexor carpi radialis j it arifes from the internal protuberance of the os humeri, and is inferted at a into the fplint bone. rr InterofTeus, &c. it arifes from the bones of the car- pus and metacarpus, and is inferted, at rr, into the olla fefamoida. s Nervus radialis. t Vena cephalica: below the carpus it is called vena plantaris. uu Ligaments which bind the orbicular bone to the radius, the bones of the carpus and metacarpal bone. ww, Sec. Articular ligaments. xx The cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.
upwards and forwards are inferred into the lower edge of Eony part of each rib, and into the edges and part of Z outfL^Ps of their cartilages the laft nb excepted. f The elevating mufcle of the tail. i The lateral mufcle of the tail % The inter-tranfverfe mufc e of the tail. i The depreffing mufcle of the tail. . The mufcles of the tail are more fully explained in ^^Wverfalis abdominis, ii the part which JL tlm the infide,tf the ^b^^J-g^rf i-lif fternum and the diaphragm, byneinyui_&i > fart/S from the three or four uppermoft tranfverfe 5JES the vertebr, of ^oins fc-J-J^ _a�d ^■^^.S'g^MciA o-cndinous and a great part of the 11 a _men _and ^ margin of the internaU�«» ° linea alba, adhere- inferted into the enfiform car mag _fi _f _the _inter. ingto the Poft--_of_t^e_he°^f_a J J): at it's firft paifing nal oblique mufcle o the aw _neurofis ₀f _the under the redus the lower part or tn P tranfverfalis is feparated »*�«� _the i_inea _alba, direction from the edge of the reCffl _fis about half way betwixt the navelI and � ^ the pubis, the upper part going behind lower before it and the Pf ^aml°f'^s-_ft , , _incr _upon _the ,,, &c. Branches of the nervi cofta 1. yg P^ tranfverfalis, which go to the abdominal teguments. . . ,^__rpQ which 20 to the °p Branches of the nervi lumbares, wn g abdominal mufcles and integuments lymg ^V�rfaIi% Arteries from the intercoftalis inferior. ?, &c. Arteries irom _e _]n _(w0 , r The external branch of the outer / ramifications, accompanied by s ^ ^ ^ s The external branch of the omc ramifications. . ■ . , The external fph.ntfer am. » Acceleratores penis. Tn the ut>per Limbs. In toeupy _which _anfes _frotn abc Brachial* internusj the p ^ _from ^ the neck of the humerus; b the part v n _fo ^ internal lower part of the fcapul, at r ^ J^ inferred into the radius a little below and more internally. . _;f _b _four dif- # Profundus, or pe^^ ₀f\_hich is una heads, the firft, or mou ^ _]nternal that marked de in this table : it anies protuberance of the humerus, poftenorly,
				In the lower Limbs. abbe Uiacus internus -, a part of it's origin from the pofterior part of the anterior fpine, and fome marks of it's origin from the fafcia lata; bb it's origin from the an- terior part of the anterior fpine of the ilium, which is con- tinued from all, or moft part, of the infide of the ilium, which lies before the tranfverfe procefTes of the vertebrse of the loins and facrum : it joins in with the pfoas magnus from it's origin, and is, with it, inferted into the little trochanter of the thigh bone: they feem to be but one mufcle. deeffgg Gluteus internus; dee it's origin from all that part of the outfide of the ilium which is below the origin of the gluteus medius, running between the ante- rior inferior fpine, and the great pofterior finus: it is like- wife fixed in the edge of that finus in the fpine of the ifchium, and in the orbicular ligament of the joint of the hip; it is inferted, &tff, into the anterior part of the upper edge of the great trochanter: it is externally ten- dinous at d, and there are tendinous fibres running through it at��. hi Obturator internus; it arifes from the internal labium of all the anterior half of the foramen ovale a little dis- tance from the neighbouring part of the obturator ligament, and alfo both above and below the foramen: it likewife arifes from the upper half of the infide of the os ifchium, from the upper oblique notch in the foramen ovale, to the fuperior part of the great pofterior finus of the os ilium; at h it comes out of the pelvis through the pofte- rior notch of the ifchium ; and at / is inferted into the great trochanter. /-/ Gemini; the upper part of which, k, arifes from the acute procefs or fpine of the ifchium, near the finus or notch through which the obturator internus bends it- felf, and is inferted, at k, into the great trochanter along , with the obturator internus, and the other of the gemini, /, which arifes from the pofterior edge of the finus, through which the obturator internus bends itfelf, and from the outer part of the tubercle near the lower part of that finus, and is inferted alon� with the tendon of the obturator internus, at /, into the great trochanter. m Obturator externus ; it arifes from the outer or an- terior fide of the os pubis, at the edge of that hole next the fmall ramus of the ifchium, and a little to the neigh- bouring parts of the obturator ligament, and is inferted, at ?n, into the great trochanter. n Quadratus; it arifes from the outer edge, or the obtufe line which runs from under the acetabulum to- wards the lower part of the tuberofity of the ifchium; and is inferted, at n, into the oblong eminence of the Z thigh



			■MHOT'

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[ 4<5 ]

external fide of the pofterior part of the head of the tibia:
it arifes alfo from the tendinous furface of the flexdr di-*
gitorum pedis; 25 it's fleihy belly; 26 it's tendon in-
ferted into the tendon of the flexor digitorum pedis.

27 28 29 30 31 31 Flexor longus digitorum pedis;
27 it's origin from the fibula and the ligament which runs
from the external condyle of the os femoris, to and down
that bone, tendinous and fleihy, and from the pofte-
rior part of the tibia, tendinous and fleihy ; which origi-
nation is continued near half the way down that bone
from a confiderable roughnefs, the protuberating parts
giving rife to the tendinous parts of which this
mufcle is compofed; 28 the fleihy belly, externally
tendinous; 29 30 31 31 the tendon by which it ends,
beginning at 29, comino- from under the plantaris at 30,

and inferted into the coffin bone at 31 31.-----..

mufcle is analogous to both the flexor longus digito-
rum pedis, and flexor longus pollicis pedis in the hu-
man body : it receives an addition from the os calcis and
ofTa cuneiforma, which is analagous to a mufcular head
in the human body, which confifts of two portions diftincl:
from the beginning, both arifing from the calcaneum,
and inferted into the tendon of the long flexor of the
toes before it divides _? foon after which the lumbncales
arife from the tendons into which it is divided.

that fpace between the origin of the cruraeus and the in-
fertion of the adduftor magnus femoris: from all this
extent the fibres run obliquely downwards and outwards,
and are inferted, at 7 7, «W the tendinous furface of the
cruras, and at 8 into the patella; 6778 ihew the
impreffion made on this mufcle by the regis cruris_}10 (hews the external furface of the internal fide of this
mufcle on the left fide.
11 Interoflfeus, &c.
A Sartorius.
B Triceps fecundus.
C Tranfverfus penis*
E One of the gemini.
F Obturator internus. ,

12131415^171819*021 Plantaris; 12 its
oriain out of the large foffa, or notch, of the os femoris ;
13% it's belly, at 13 flefhy fibres are attached to the
tendinous furface of this mufcle; 15 16 17 18 19 *> 21
the tendon, which, about 15, begins to wrap over the
tendon of the gemellus 5 at 16 and 17 it is attached to
he os calcis by ligaments, which are inferted into it in
thofe places, and at 18 to the great: paftern by a liga-
ment inferted into it there₅ at 19 * divides for the paf-
face of the tendon of the flexor digitorum ped*; at 20

thiph bone, which (lands out partly from the pofterior
fide of the trochanter major, and partly below the fame.

opqqrst Adductor magnus femoris, or triceps femoris ;
o the fir ft part, or triceps primus; pqq the fecond part,
or triceps fecundus ; rst the third part, or triceps tertius;
it begins it's origin from the outer part of the anterior
edge of the os pubis near it's fyncondrofis, from whence it
continues to arife as far as the tubercle of the ifchium₇from the tubercle of the ifchium at s and fafcia lata at r;
and is inferted the fir ft part at 0, and the fecond at qq_yinto the linea afpera in fome meafure externally tendinous,
and into the internal condyle of the femoris by a ftrong
tendon behind the origin of the articular ligament, and a

little below it.

uwx Gracilis; it arifes from the edge of the inferior
branch of the os pubis near the fymphyfis by a broad, and
very {hart tendon; from thence the fleihy fibres run down
to the internal condyle of the os femoris, where they ter-
minate in a thin tendon, which afterwards degenerates into
a kind of aponeurofis x_y and is inferted into the fore part
of the infide of the head of the tibia.

y The tendon of the mufculus parvus, in articulatione
femoris fitus; it arifes by a flat tendon over the pofterior
tendon of the rectus, from a little above the edge of the
acetabulum, and foon becoming a round fleihy belly
dwindles again into a finall flat tendon, which is inferted

into the thigh bone at y.

1 1 2 2. 3 4 5 Crurahs, or cruraeus; 1 1 its origin,
from the anterior and outer part of the thigh bone, ex-
ternally tendinous, being by fmall flat tendons, which
difappear at 22,. but inwardly fleihy : it is inferted into
the patella at 3 4, and into the external lateral ligament,
at 4 5, by a flat tendon or fafcia; at 3 it is partly divided
for the reception of blood-veffels.

677810 Vaftus interims ; 6 the part arifing from
the upper part of the thigh bone, which origin is conti-

32 32 Branches of the arteria glutaea, accompanied
with veins and nerves.

33 The large fciatic nerve, which, on the thigh, is
called fciatico-cruralis.

34 A branch of the arteria cruralis.

35 Arteria poplitsea.

36 Arteria obturatrix.

37 Nerves going to the tibialis anticus; they are rami
of the fmall fiatic branch.

and 21 it is inferted into the great paftern.----The part
16 and 17 may be called parts of the or^in of the ihort
flexors of the toes; the part above 16 and 17 being ana-
Wous to the plantaris, and the part below to the ihort
flexors of the toes in the human body 5.onebeing inferted
into the calcaneum, and the other arifing from it j but,
in a horfe, one is like a continuation of the other, at-
tached to the calcaneum on each fide.

₂₂ 23 23 Poplitxus; at 22 it arifes, tendinous, from
the external condyle of the os femoris, under the articular
ligament, and near 23 23 it is inferred externally tendi-

nous into the tibia. . ,

₂₄ 25 26 Tibialis pofticus; 24 it's origin from the

8 Nervus fciatico-tibialis internus.

4° 40, &c. Articular ligaments.
41 41 The cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.

nued almoft down to the inner condyle, or from about
half the length of the mufcle, by fleihy fibres, from all

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[ 47 ]

of the Mufcles, Fafcias, Ligaments, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Glands
of a Horse, viewed pofteriorly, explained '

The fifteenth Anatomical Table

and Cartilages

In the Head and Neck,
a STYLOGLOSSUS.
^ b Stylopharingams.
^ c Stylohyoidxus.
d Hyogloffus; arifes from the os hyoides, and .s m-

ferted into the tongue.
e Pterygoidasus mternus.
f Ptervwidasus externus.
i The middle conftriaor of the phannx.
I The fuperior conftriaor of the phannx.
i Crico-arytaenoideus.
k The pofterior or inferior lateral cartilage.
/ The elevator of the chin.
L The outer ear. . j- _f

mn,8cc. Inter-vertebraks, «&c. ^

the afcending "^J^^i, from the fpace be-
bra, of the neck: the lowetton ' _ft ^ _f

Tt t ^t Tef inferti- inTthe lateral parts of
the back ; », &^c- tneir unci origins,

the bodies of each vertebra above the r ong.n

_WWr L'g�^_nd third vert�/of the back,
the fpines of the fecond *"d 'hir _of _the _back _be]ow

and the part, from moft ot tn p ^ _rf

them; thep^/'^JJ/S and the part , is
the five fuperior vertebrae or

inferred into the «**"« ^f**

f Vena brachialis. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
� Arteria brachialis.
h Nervus medianus.

tit Ligaments which bind the orbicular bone to the ra-
dius, the bones of the carpus, and metacarpal bone.
kk, &c. Articular ligaments.

/// Ligaments which bind the fefamoid bones to the
great pafterns.

mm Cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.
n A cartilaginous ligament which ties the two fefamoid
bones together.

/// the lower Limbs.

ABBC Iliacus internus; A part of it's origin from
the pofterior part of the anterior fpine, with fome marks
of it's origin from the fafcia lata ; B B it's origin from the
anterior part of the anterior fpine of the ilium, which is
continued from all or moft part of the infide of the ilium
which lies before the tranfverfe procefTes of the vertebrae
of the loins and facrum : it joins in with thepfoas maonus
from it's origin, and is with it inferred into the little'tro-
chanter of the thigh bone: they feem to be but one
mufcle.

aa Gemini.

be Obturator internus.

ferted, at y, into the tranfverfe procefTes of the fe-
cond, third, and fourth bones of the tail; and at z into
the internal fphin6f.or ani.
i Tranfverfus penis.

2 Acceleratores penis.

3 One of the ere&ores penis.

4 Arteria facra.

5 Uiaca minor.

6 Arteria glutsea; of which 7 is a branch.

8 Arteria fciatica.

9 Pudica communis.

10 Arteria obturatrix.

11 Arteria cruralis, of which 12 is a branch.

13 Arteria poplitea.

14 Vena poplitea.

15 Arteria tibialis pofterior.

16 Arteria peronsea pofterior.

yj 17 The large fciatic nerve, which on the thigh is
called fciatico-cruralis.

18 Nervus fciatico-tibialis internus.

19 19 Nervus plantaris externus and nervus plantaris
internus. � They are branches of the fciatico-cruralis in-
ternus.

20 A ligament which binds the fibula to the tibia.

21 A ftrong ligament, which binds the os calcis to the
fplint bone.

22 Ligaments which bind the bones of the tarfus toge-
ther.

23 24 24 Interoffeus, &c. 23 it's origin from the tarfal
and metatarfal bones; 24 24 it's infertions into the fefa-
moid bones and upper part of the great paftern on each
fide. It fends off a fmall ligament on each fide to the ten-
don of the extenfor longus digitorum pedis. � This is of
a ligamentous nature, but fupplies the places of the inte-
rofleus, the lhort flexor, adduclor and abductor of the
great toe, the abduclor and fhort flexor proper to the
little toe, and a ligament which arifes from the calcaneum.

25 A cartilaginous ligament, which ties the two fefa-
moid bones together.

26 27 27 27 Ligaments which bind the fefamoid bones
to the great paftern.

2828 Cartilages belonging to the coffin bone.
29 29, &c. Articular ligaments.

A a

dee Obturator externus ;

d the flefhy part; ee the

tendon.

fg Quadratus; /it's origin; g it's infertion

hi Peaineus; h part of it's origin; / it's infertion ex-
ternally tendinous.

k Part of the fartorius.

K Triceps fecundus.

Immn Gracilis; / part of it's origin ; l_mm \_t\ _nemypart; ;/ it's flat tendon.

op Mufculus parvus in articulatione femoris fitus ; o
it's origin ; p it's infertion.

qrs The origin of the reftus; q it's internal origin;
r it's external origin ; s the place where it is cut off.

/ The external fphin&or ani.

uw The internal fphin&or ani, attached, at u, to the
bodies of the fecond, third, and fourth bones of the tail.

xyz Levator ani, arifing near x (where it is tendi-
nous), from the acute procefs of the ifchium; it is in-

FINIS.

the fpines of the os

-7 VlUlunui lv

inas.

i The- ligament which runs over
^fT?i,e eievring �**-*%**■

The mufcles ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
table the twelfth. _h _per _Li,nbs.

in we "Ft _b _from _the os mag-

aabcedd ^Interfri/boneV the carpus, and, am,
num or great ^^^ , bi; it is flelhy
from the upper part or _oid ^^

vena

at aa, and inferred, *^

htlow the carpus

it is called

e Vena cephalica,

plantaris.